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Chen WH, Li D, Liang JD, Ren XX, Zhao JH, Han YF. Chlorocilliumsinense sp. nov. (Clavicipitaceae) and Calcarisporiumguizhouense sp. nov. (Calcarisporiaceae) in Hypocreales from China. MycoKeys 2024; 109:91-107. [PMID: 39391867 PMCID: PMC11464903 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.109.128060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Two new species, Chlorocilliumsinense and Calcarisporiumguizhouense, isolated from a spider and fruiting body of Cordyceps sp., are introduced. Morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses based on multigene datasets (ITS+LSU+RPB2+tef-1alpha) support the establishment of the new species. A combined dataset of ITS, LSU, RPB2, and tef-1alpha showed the taxonomic placement of Chlorocillium in Clavicipitaceae for the first time. Pseudometarhizium is regarded as a synonym of Chlorocillium and two Pseudometarhizium species are transferred into the latter based on the phylogenetic analysis and morphological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hao Chen
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbio and Infectious Disease Prevention & Control in Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian-Dong Liang
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbio and Infectious Disease Prevention & Control in Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Ren
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie-Hong Zhao
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan-Feng Han
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
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Xia W, Jin M, Li X, Dong C, Han Y. Construction of artificial microbial consortia for efficient degradation of chicken feathers and optimization of degradation conditions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:312. [PMID: 39198372 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Microbes within a consortium exhibit a synergistic interaction, enhancing their collective capacity to perform functions more effectively than a single species, especially in the degradation of keratin-rich substrates. To achieve a more stable and efficient breakdown of chicken feathers, a comprehensive screening of over 9,000 microbial strains was undertaken. This meticulous selection process identified strains with the capability to degrade keratin effectively. Subsequently, antagonistic tests were conducted to isolate strains of fungi and bacteria that were non-antagonistic, which were then used to form the artificial microbial consortia. The optimal fermentation conditions for the keratinophilic microbial consortia were determined through the optimization of response surface methodology. The results revealed that 11 microbial strains-comprising of 4 fungi and 7 bacteria-were particularly proficient in degrading chicken feathers. The artificially constructed microbial consortia (AMC) comprised two bacterial strains and one fungal strain. The optimal conditions for feathers degradation were identified as a 10 g/L concentration of chicken feathers, a 2.6% microbial inoculation volume and a fermentation fluid pH of 9. Under these conditions, the degradation rate for chicken feathers reached a significant 74.02%, representing an 11.45% increase over the pre-optimization rate. The AMC developed in this study demonstrates the potential for efficient and economical process of livestock and poultry feathers. It provides innovative insights and a theoretical foundation for tackling the challenging degradation of keratin-rich materials. Furthermore, this research lays the groundwork for the separation and purification of keratins, as well as the development of novel proteases, which could have profound implications for a range of applications.
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Grants
- [Qian Ke He [2020] 6005] ?Hundred? Talent Projects of Guizhou Province
- [Qian Ke He [2020] 6005] ?Hundred? Talent Projects of Guizhou Province
- [Qian Ke He [2020] 6005] ?Hundred? Talent Projects of Guizhou Province
- [Qian Ke He [2020] 6005] ?Hundred? Talent Projects of Guizhou Province
- [Qian Ke He [2020] 6005] ?Hundred? Talent Projects of Guizhou Province
- [No.32060011, 32160007, 32260003] The National Natural Science Foundation of China
- [No.32060011, 32160007, 32260003] The National Natural Science Foundation of China
- [No.32060011, 32160007, 32260003] The National Natural Science Foundation of China
- [No.32060011, 32160007, 32260003] The National Natural Science Foundation of China
- [No.32060011, 32160007, 32260003] The National Natural Science Foundation of China
- [GNYL [2017]009] Construction Program of Biology First-class Discipline in Guizhou
- [GNYL [2017]009] Construction Program of Biology First-class Discipline in Guizhou
- [GNYL [2017]009] Construction Program of Biology First-class Discipline in Guizhou
- [GNYL [2017]009] Construction Program of Biology First-class Discipline in Guizhou
- [GNYL [2017]009] Construction Program of Biology First-class Discipline in Guizhou
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Xia
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology/Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Mei Jin
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology/Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology/Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chunbo Dong
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology/Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Han
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology/Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
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Chen WH, Liang JD, Ren XX, Zhao JH, Han YF. Two new species of Samsoniella (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) from the Mayao River Valley, Guizhou, China. MycoKeys 2023; 99:209-226. [PMID: 37744955 PMCID: PMC10517413 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.109961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Samsoniella species have been often found in the forest habitat and rarely found in special karst eco-environments, such as Tiankeng, valleys and caves. In this research, eleven cordyceps specimens were collected from Mayao River Valley. A known species (S.haniana) and two new species (S.duyunensis and S.vallis) were established and described according to a multilocus phylogenetic analysis and morphological characteristics. Our results provide insight that the richness of Samsoniella species in karst eco-environments and further attention should be paid to entomopathogenic fungi in such habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hao Chen
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina
| | - Jian-Dong Liang
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina
| | - Xiu-Xiu Ren
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina
| | - Jie-Hong Zhao
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina
| | - Yan-Feng Han
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
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Chen WH, Liang JD, Ren XX, Zhao JH, Han YF. Study on species diversity of Akanthomyces (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) in the Jinyun Mountains, Chongqing, China. MycoKeys 2023; 98:299-315. [PMID: 37547126 PMCID: PMC10403762 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.106415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Akanthomyces species have only been reported from Guizhou and Qinghai Province, with few reports from other regions in China. In this research, the species diversity of Akanthomyces in the Jinyun Mountains, Chongqing was investigated. Fourteen infected spider specimens were collected and two new species (A.bashanensis and A.beibeiensis) and a known species (A.tiankengensis) were established and described according to a multi-locus phylogenetic analysis and the morphological characteristics. Our results reveal abundant Akanthomyces specimens and three species were found at Jinyun Mountain. Due to its being an important kind of entomopathogenic fungi, further attention needs to be paid to the diversity of other entomopathogenic fungi in Chongqing, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hao Chen
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina
| | - Jian-Dong Liang
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina
| | - Xiu-Xiu Ren
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina
| | - Jie-Hong Zhao
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina
| | - Yan-Feng Han
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
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Abstract
Tiankeng acts as a refugium for biodiversity amid a changing global climate, and a previous study has shown that some ancient (Alsophila spinulosa) and unique plants (cool-adapted plants) are present in Tiankeng. However, there are few reports on Ascomycota from the Tiankeng karst region. In this research, the species diversity of Cordyceps-like fungi in Monkey-Ear Tiankeng was investigated. Seven species in the genera Akanthomyces, Beauveria, Cordyceps, and Samsoniella were identified based on internal transcribed spacer sequences and morphological characteristics. Eight new species in the genera Akanthomyces, Cordyceps, and Samsoniella were established and described according to a multilocus phylogenetic analysis and morphological characteristics. Our results revealed that Cordyceps-like fungi were abundant in Monkey-Ear Tiankeng, providing new insights into the diversity of Ascomycota in this special eco-environment. IMPORTANCE Karst Tiankeng has a special eco-environment and acts as a refugium for biodiversity. However, there are few reports on Ascomycota from the Tiankeng karst region. In this research, seven known species and eight new species in the genera Akanthomyces, Beauveria, Cordyceps, and Samsoniella were reported. The results showed that Cordyceps-like fungi are abundant in Monkey-Ear Tiankeng. Interestingly, the month of the sampling was November, which is not an active period of growth and reproduction for Cordyceps-like fungi. These results revealed that unconventional time sampling should not be ignored, especially for a special eco-environment, and provided new insights into the diversity of Ascomycota in this special eco-environment.
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Chen W, Liang J, Ren X, Zhao J, Han Y, Liang Z. Multigene phylogeny, phylogenetic network, and morphological characterizations reveal four new arthropod-associated Simplicillium species and their evolutional relationship. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:950773. [PMID: 36267186 PMCID: PMC9578668 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.950773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simplicillium species are widely distributed and commonly found on various substrates. A minority of species are associated with arthropods. A spider-associated species Simplicillium araneae, and three insect-associated species, Simplicillium coleopterorum, Simplicillium guizhouense, and Simplicillium larvatum, are proposed as novel species based on a multi-locus phylogenetic analysis and morphological characteristics. These Simplicillium species completely fit the nutritional model of Hypocreales fungi and could be used as a model to study their evolutionary relationship. A phylogenetic network analysis based on ITS sequences suggests that a host jump was common among Simplicillium species, and S. araneae may have originally come from an insect host and then jumped to a spider host. However, the evolutionary relationship of S. coleopterorum, S. guizhouense, and S. larvatum was not clear in the phylogenetic network and more sequencing information should be added to the network. In addition, strain CBS 101267 was identified as Simplicillium subtropicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhao Chen
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiandong Liang
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiuxiu Ren
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiehong Zhao
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yanfeng Han
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yanfeng Han
| | - Zongqi Liang
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Możejko M, Bohacz J. Optimization of Conditions for Feather Waste Biodegradation by Geophilic Trichophyton ajelloi Fungal Strains towards Further Agricultural Use. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10858. [PMID: 36078583 PMCID: PMC9518355 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to optimize culture conditions and medium composition to accelerate the biodegradation of chicken feather waste by keratinolytic soil strains of Trichophyton ajelloi, which are poorly known in this respect, as well as to propose hitherto unconsidered culture conditions for these fungi in order to obtain a biopreparation with a high fertilization value. Different pH of the medium, incubation temperatures, amounts of chicken feathers, additional carbon sources, and culture methods were tested. The process of optimizing keratin biodegradation was evaluated in terms of measuring the activity of keratinase, protease, disulfide reductase, concentration of released soluble proteins and peptides, total pool of amino acids, ammonium and sulfate ions, changes in medium pH, and feather weight loss. It was found that the studied fungal strains were capable of decomposing and mineralizing keratin from feather waste. Regarding the fertilizer value of the obtained hydrolysates, it was shown that the release of sulfate and ammonium ions was highest in a stationary culture containing 2% feathers with an initial pH of 4.5 and a temperature of 28 °C. Days 14-21 of the culture were indicated as the optimal culture time for these fungi to obtain biopreparations of high fertilizing value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justyna Bohacz
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-815248105; Fax: +48-815248106
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Chen WH, Liang JD, Ren XX, Zhao JH, Han YF, Liang ZQ. Phylogenetic, ecological and morphological characteristics reveal two new spider-associated genera in Clavicipitaceae. MycoKeys 2022; 91:49-66. [PMID: 36760893 PMCID: PMC9849053 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.91.86812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clavicipitaceous fungi are pathogenic to scale insects, white flies and other insect orders. However, a few species are spider-associated. Two new genera from China, Neoaraneomyces and Pseudometarhizium, are described based on phylogenetic, ecological and morphological characteristics. Two spider-associated species, Neoaraneomycesaraneicola, Pseudometarhiziumaraneogenum, and an insect-associated species Pseudometarhiziumlepidopterorum are included. The morphological characteristics of paecilomyces-like conidiogenous structures, present in many insect/spiders associated species make species-level identifications difficult. A phylogenetic analysis of the combined dataset (ITS, LSU, RPB2 and TEF), placed the two new genera in Clavicipitaceae. The new spider-associated species may be the result of convergent evolution to adapt to the ecological environment and may have undergone host jumping or altered their nutritional preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hao Chen
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina
| | - Jian-Dong Liang
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina
| | - Xiu-Xiu Ren
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina
| | - Jie-Hong Zhao
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina
| | - Yan-Feng Han
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Zong-Qi Liang
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
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Enhanced keratinase production by Bacillus subtilis amr using experimental optimization tools to obtain feather protein lysate for industrial applications. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:90. [PMID: 35330961 PMCID: PMC8917247 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry produces millions of tons of feathers waste that can be transformed into valuable products through bioprocess. The study describes the enhanced keratinase and feather hydrolysate production by Bacillus subtilis AMR. The metabolism of each microorganism is unique, so optimization tools are essential to determine the best fermentation parameters to obtain the best process performance. The evaluation of different propagation media indicated the constitutive production of two keratinases of approximately 80 kDa. The combination of Mn2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ at 0.5 mM improved the keratinolytic activity and feather degradation 1.5-fold, while Cu2+ inhibited the enzymatic activity completely. Replace yeast extract for sucrose increased the feather hydrolysate production three times. The best feather concentration for hydrolysate production was 1.5% with an inoculum of 108 CFU/mL and incubation at 30 °C. None of the inorganic additional nitrogen sources tested increased hydrolysate production, although (NH4)2SO4 and KNO3 improved enzymatic activity. The optimization process improved keratinolytic activity from 205.4 to 418.7 U/mL, the protein concentration reached 10.1 mg/mL from an initial concentration of 3.9 mg/mL, and the feather degradation improved from 70 to 96%. This study characterized keratinase and feather hydrolysate production conditions offering valuable information for exploring and utilizing AMR keratinolytic strain for feather valorization. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03153-y.
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Chen W, Liang J, Ren X, Zhao J, Han Y, Liang Z. Cryptic Diversity of Isaria-like Species in Guizhou, China. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1093. [PMID: 34685462 PMCID: PMC8539930 DOI: 10.3390/life11101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Isaria-like species have recently been moved into more appropriate genera. However, more robust molecular phylogenetic analyses are still required for Isaria-like fungi to ensure accurate taxonomic identification. We analyzed these Isaria-like strains using multi-gene phylogenetics. Cryptic diversity was discovered in several Isaria farinosa strains, and two new species, Samsoniella pseudogunnii and S. pupicola, are proposed. Our results reveal that more attention needs to be paid to cryptic intraspecific diversity across different isolates and genotypes of the Isaria-like species, some of which will need to be transferred to Samsoniella. Interestingly, S. hepiali, with a very broad host distribution, has been widely used as a medicinal and edible cordycipitoid fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhao Chen
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China; (W.C.); (J.L.); (X.R.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiandong Liang
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China; (W.C.); (J.L.); (X.R.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiuxiu Ren
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China; (W.C.); (J.L.); (X.R.); (J.Z.)
- College of Ecological Engineering, Guizhou University of Engineering Science, Bijie 551700, China
| | - Jiehong Zhao
- Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China; (W.C.); (J.L.); (X.R.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yanfeng Han
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Zongqi Liang
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
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Chen WH, Han YF, Liang JD, Liang ZQ. Taxonomic and phylogenetic characterizations reveal four new species of Simplicillium (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) from Guizhou, China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15300. [PMID: 34316013 PMCID: PMC8316311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simplicillium species are commonly found from soil, seawater, rock surface, decayed wood, air and as symbiotic, endophytic, entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi. Minority insect-associated species was reported. Simplicillium coccinellidae, S. hymenopterorum, S. neolepidopterorum and S. scarabaeoidea were introduced as the newly insect-associated species. The phylogenetic analyses of two combined datasets (LSU + RPB1 + TEF and SSU + ITS + LSU) revealed that S. coccinellidae and S. hymenopterorum were both nested in an independent clade. S. neolepidopterorum and S. scarabaeoidea have a close relationship with S. formicidae and S. lepidopterorum, respectively. S. neolepidopterorum can be easily distinguished from S. formicidae by ellipsoidal to cylindrical, solitary conidia which occasionally gather in short imbricate chains. S. scarabaeoidea could be easily distinguished from S. lepodopterorum by having longer phialides and larger conidia. Based on the morphological and phylogenetic conclusion, we determine the four newly generated isolates as new species of Simplicillium and a new combination is proposed in the genus Leptobacillium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hao Chen
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Feng Han
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Fungus Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Dong Liang
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Qi Liang
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Fungus Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
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Chen WH, Han YF, Liang JD, Tian WY, Liang ZQ. Multi-gene phylogenetic evidence indicates that Pleurodesmospora belongs in Cordycipitaceae (Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae) and Pleurodesmospora lepidopterorum sp. nov. on pupa from China. MycoKeys 2021; 80:45-55. [PMID: 34035655 PMCID: PMC8124063 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.80.66794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species, Pleurodesmospora lepidopterorum, isolated from a pupa, is introduced. Morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses based on multigene datasets (ITS+RPB1+RPB2+TEF) support the establishment of the new species. Pleurodesmospora lepidopterorum is distinguished from P. coccorum by its longer conidiogenous pegs located in the terminal or lateral conidiophores, and smaller subglobose or ellipsoidal conidia. A combined dataset of RPB1, RPB2, and TEF confirmed the taxonomic placement of Pleurodesmospora in Cordycipitaceae for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hao Chen
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina
| | - Yan-Feng Han
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Jian-Dong Liang
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina
| | - Wei-Yi Tian
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina
| | - Zong-Qi Liang
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
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Chen WH, Han YF, Liang JD, Tian WY, Liang ZQ. Morphological and phylogenetic characterisations reveal three new species of Samsoniella (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) from Guizhou, China. MycoKeys 2020; 74:1-15. [PMID: 33149720 PMCID: PMC7588496 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.74.56655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Samsoniella species have been found on lepidopteran larvae or pupae buried in soil or leaf litter. Three new species, Samsoniella hymenopterorum, S. coleopterorum and S. lepidopterorum, parasitic on hymenopteran larvae, coleopteran larvae and lepidopteran pupae, respectively, are reported. Morphological comparisons with extant species and DNA-based phylogenies from analysis of a multigene (ITS, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF) dataset supported the establishment of the new species. Unusually, all three new species have mononematous conidiophores. The new species are clearly distinct from other species in Samsoniella occurring in separate subclades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hao Chen
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina
| | - Yan-Feng Han
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Jian-Dong Liang
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina
| | - Wei-Yi Tian
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina
| | - Zong-Qi Liang
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
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Ganesan M, Mathivani Vinayakamoorthy R, Thankappan S, Muniraj I, Uthandi S. Thermotolerant glycosyl hydrolases-producing Bacillus aerius CMCPS1 and its saccharification efficiency on HCR-laccase (LccH)-pretreated corncob biomass. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:124. [PMID: 32684977 PMCID: PMC7362481 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current production of bioethanol based on lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) highly depends on thermostable enzymes and extremophiles owing to less risk of contamination. Thermophilic bacterial cellulases are preferred over fungi due to their higher growth rate, presence of complex multi-enzymes, stability, and enhanced bioconversion efficiency. Corncob, underutilized biomass, ensures energy conservation due to high lignocellulosic and more fermentable sugar content. In the present study, the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus aerius CMCPS1, isolated from the thermal springs of Manikaran, Himachal Pradesh, India, was characterized in terms of its activity, stability, and hydrolytic capacity. A two-step process comprising: (i) a combined strategy of hydrodynamic cavitation reaction (HCR)-coupled enzymatic (LccH at 6.5 U) pretreatment for delignification and (ii) subsequent hydrolysis of pre-treated (HCR-LccH) corncob biomass (CCB) using a thermostable cocktail of CMCPS1 was adopted to validate the efficiency of the process. Some of the parameters studied include lignin reduction, cellulose increase, and saccharification efficiency. RESULT Among the five isolates obtained by in situ enrichment on various substrates, B. aerius CMCPS1, isolated from hot springs, exhibited the maximum hydrolytic activity of 4.11. The GH activity of the CMCPS1 strain under submerged fermentation revealed maximum filter paper activity (FPA) and endoglucanase activity of 4.36 IU mL-1 and 2.98 IU mL-1, respectively, at 44 h. Similarly, the isolate produced exoglucanase and β-glucosidase with an activity of 1.76 IU mL-1 and 1.23 IU mL-1 at 48 h, respectively. More specifically, the enzyme endo-1,4-β-d glucanase E.C.3.2.1.4 (CMCase) produced by B. aerius CMCPS1 displayed wider stability to pH (3-9) and temperature (30-90 °C) than most fungal cellulases. Similarly, the activity of CMCase increased in the presence of organic solvents (118% at 30% acetone v/v). The partially purified CMCase from the culture supernatant of CMCPS1 registered 64% yield with twofold purification. The zymogram and SDS-PAGE analyses further confirmed the CMCase activity with an apparent molecular mass of 70 kDa. The presence of genes specific to cellulases, such as cellulose-binding domain CelB, confirmed the presence of GH family 46 and β-glucosidase activity (GH3). The multifunctional cellulases of CMCPS1 were evaluated for their saccharification efficiency on laccase (LccH, a fungal laccase from Hexagonia hirta MSF2)-pretreated corncob in a HCR. The lignin and hemicelluloses removal efficiency of HCR-LccH was 54.1 and 6.57%, respectively, with an increase in cellulose fraction (42.25%). The saccharification efficiency of 55% was achieved with CMCPS1 multifunctional cellulases at 50 °C and pH 5.0. CONCLUSION The multifunctional cellulase complex of B. aerius CMCPS1 is a potential biocatalyst for application in lignocellulosic biomass-based biorefineries. The saccharification ability of HCR-LccH-pretreated corncob at elevated temperatures would be an advantage for biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Ganesan
- Biocatalysts Lab., Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003 India
| | | | - Sugitha Thankappan
- Biocatalysts Lab., Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003 India
| | - Iniyakumar Muniraj
- Department of Crop Management, Kumaraguru Institute of Agriculture, Sakthi Nagar, Erode, 638315 India
| | - Sivakumar Uthandi
- Biocatalysts Lab., Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003 India
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Chen WH, Liu C, Han YF, Liang JD, Tian WY, Liang ZQ. Three novel insect-associated species of Simplicillium (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) from Southwest China. MycoKeys 2019; 58:83-102. [PMID: 31592222 PMCID: PMC6775174 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.58.37176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce three new species of Simplicillium, viz. S. cicadellidae, S. formicidae and S. lepidopterorum, which were isolated from an infected leafhopper, ant and carpenterworm, respectively. Morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses based on multigene datasets (LSU+RPB1+RPB2+TEF and ITS+LSU) support the establishment of the three new species. Simplicillium cicadellidae was distinguished from other species in morphological characteristics by having smaller phialides and ellipsoidal conidia, and lacking octahedral crystals. The reverse of colonies were yellowish (#FFBF00), especially in the middle, and radially sulcate. Simplicillium formicidae was morphologically distinguished from other by having longer phialides and filiform to fusoid conidia, and by lacking octahedral crystals. Simplicillium lepidopterorum was morphologically distinguished from other species by having smaller, ellipsoidal to fusiform conidia, and by lacking octahedral crystals. The reverse of the colony was pale white. The three new species are likely to be nourished by plant to animal (especially insect) nutrients based on the evolutionary pattern of the Hypocreales, and they are described herein as being clearly distinct from other species in Simplicillium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hao Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan-Feng Han
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian-Dong Liang
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei-Yi Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Zong-Qi Liang
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
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Adelere IA, Lateef A. Degradation of Keratin Biomass by Different Microorganisms. KERATIN AS A PROTEIN BIOPOLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02901-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wang T, Liang C, Sun Y, Gao W, Luo X, Gao Q, Li R, Fu S, Xu H, He T, Yuan H. Strategical isolation of efficient chicken feather-degrading bacterial strains from tea plantation soil sample. Int Microbiol 2018; 22:227-237. [PMID: 30810985 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-018-00042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chicken feather waste is generally insufficiently utilized despite its high content of protein, constituting an environmental issue. Biodegradation of the waste with enabling microbes provides an advantageous option among the available solutions. In this study, an efficient whole feather-degrading strain was strategically isolated from a soil sample taken from a local tea plantation that has little or nothing to do with feathers. The strain was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis (designated as FDB-10) according to the cloned complete 16S rRNA sequence. The FDB-10 could efficiently degrade briefly heat-treated whole feather (102 °C, 5 min; up to 90% of a maximum concentration of 30 g/L) in a salt medium supplemented with 0.1 g/L yeast extract within 24 h (37 °C, 150 rpm). Addition of carbon sources (glycerol, glucose, starch, Tween 20, Tween 80, 1.25 g/L as glycerol) to the fermentation medium could improve the degradation. However, significant inhibition could be observed when the added carbon source reached the amount usually adopted in the investigation of carbon source preference (1%). Nitrogen source (NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, peptone) adversely influenced the performance of the strain. When the molar concentrations of NH4+ were equal for the two salt, the inhibitory effect on degradation of whole feathers was similar. Entirely different from other reported feather-degrading strains showing a preference to melanin-free feather substrates, the strain isolated in this study could degrade melanin-containing feather equally efficiently, and higher protease activity could be detected in the digest mix. As a plus, the strain could degrade feathers in rice wash produced in daily cooking, indicating its potential use in the simultaneous treatment of rice cooker wastewater produced by a rice processing plant. All these results imply that the FDB-10 is a strain with great potential in the biodegradation of feather waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China.
| | - Chen Liang
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Wanru Gao
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Xinqi Luo
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Qian Gao
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Rong Li
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Shuang Fu
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Hongjv Xu
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Ting He
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China.
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Bhari R, Kaur M, Singh RS, Pandey A, Larroche C. Bioconversion of chicken feathers by Bacillus aerius NSMk2: A potential approach in poultry waste management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Huang J, Ou Y, Zhang D, Zhang G, Pan Y. Optimization of the culture condition of Bacillus mucilaginous using Agaricus bisporus industrial wastewater by Plackett-Burman combined with Box-Behnken response surface method. AMB Express 2018; 8:141. [PMID: 30171356 PMCID: PMC6119174 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, conditions for Bacillus mucilaginous fermentation using Agaricus bisporus wastewater as culture medium were optimized. We analyzed the total number of living B. mucilaginous in the fermentation broth using multispectral imaging flow cytometry. Single-factor experiments were carried out, where a Plackett–Burman design was used to screen out three factors from the original six factors of processing wastewater solubility, initial pH, inoculum size, liquid volume, culture temperature, and rotation speed that affected the total number of viable B. mucilaginous. The Box–Behnken response surface method was used to optimize interactions between the three main factors and predict optimal fermentation conditions. Factors significantly affecting the total number of viable B. mucilaginous, including shaking speed, culturing temperature, and initial pH, were investigated. The optimum conditions for B. mucilaginous fermentation in A. bisporus wastewater were a rotational speed of 195 rpm, culture temperature of 29 °C, initial pH of 6.5, solubility of 0.5%, 8% inoculation volume, and 90 mL liquid volume in a 250 mL flask, culture time of 48 h. Under these conditions, the concentration of total viable bacteria reached 2.16 ± 0.02 × 108 Obj/mL, which meets the national standard. A. bisporus wastewater can be used for the cultivation of B. mucilaginous.
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Zhang A, Liu K, Cao J, Yan W, Zheng Y, Zeng Q. Staphylococcus cohnii HFUTY-08: a novel acid urease-producing strain. ANN MICROBIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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21
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Du W, Sun C, Yao Z, Wang J, Wang B, Xie W, Zhang Y, Duan D, Liu X. Production of a novel laccase from Paraphoma Sp. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2018.1448798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Du
- School of Biological Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Chunlong Sun
- School of Biological Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Yao
- School of Biological Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Baoqin Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Xie
- School of Biological Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Yumiao Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Daixiang Duan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
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Du W, Sun C, Wang J, Wang B, Yao Z, Qu F, Xia J, Xie W, Sun J, Duan D. Isolation, identification of a laccase-producing fungal strain and enzymatic properties of the laccase. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:137. [PMID: 29479513 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new type of thermostable laccase was isolated from Paraphoma sp. GZS18, and its partial enzymatic properties were determined. A strain GZS18 of laccase with high yield was screened from forest soil and identified as Paraphoma sp. GZS18 through morphological characteristics and ITS sequence analysis. The laccase of Paraphoma sp. GZS18 (Lac-P) was obtained through cation-anion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, and other purification processes. The testing result shows that Lac-P is a single protein of 75 kDa, and the 11 amino acid sequences in the N-terminal are AXaVSVASREMT (Xa was the non-standard protein). The optimum temperature and optimum pH of lac-P activity are substrate-independent. The temperature is in the range of 50-70 °C, and pH has high catalytic efficiency in the acidic range. Lac-P has good stability in the temperature and pH. The half time at 70-60 °C is 1.5 and 4 h, respectively. At pH 6-9 and room temperature, there is more than 80% activity 24 h later. Lac-P is tolerant of most metal ions and low concentrations of inhibitors but is inhibited by Hg2+, Fe2+ and NaN3. The laccase from Paraphoma sp. GZS18 at high temperature and pH 6-9, with strong stability, has better industrial application characteristics.
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Du W, Sun C, Wang J, Xie W, Wang B, Liu X, Zhang Y, Fan Y. Conditions and Regulation of Mixed Culture to Promote Shiraia bambusicola and Phoma sp. BZJ6 for Laccase Production. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17801. [PMID: 29259312 PMCID: PMC5736710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17895-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixing cultures induces the biosynthesis of laccase in mixed cells, produces signal molecules, and regulates the production of mixed-cell metabolites. The fungal strain, which promotes laccase production, has been isolated and screened from the host bamboos of endophytic fungi and identified as Phoma sp. BZJ6. When the culture medium is mainly composed of soluble starch, yeast extract, and Phoma sp., the laccase output can reach 4,680 U/L. Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were found to promote the regulation of laccase synthesis. Plasma membrane NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitors and NO-specific quenchers can inhibit not only the accumulation of ROS induced and NO synthesis but also the biosynthesis of laccase. The results indicate that the accumulation of superoxide anion radical (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced by the mixed culture was partially dependent on NO. The mixed culture can also reduce the biomass, increase the synthesis of total phenolics and flavonoids, and enhance the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone isomerase. This phenomenon is probably the result of the activated phenylpropanoids-flavonoid pathway. Results confirmed that the mixture culture is advantageous for laccase production and revealed that NO, O2-, and H2O2 are necessary signal molecules to induce laccase synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Du
- School of bioengineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China.
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of eco-environmental science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China.
| | - Chunlong Sun
- School of bioengineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China.
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of eco-environmental science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- School of bioengineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of eco-environmental science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Xie
- School of bioengineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of eco-environmental science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Baoqin Wang
- School of bioengineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of eco-environmental science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- School of bioengineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Yumiao Zhang
- School of bioengineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of eco-environmental science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Fan
- School of bioengineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of eco-environmental science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
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Bohacz J. Biodegradation of feather waste keratin by a keratinolytic soil fungus of the genus Chrysosporium and statistical optimization of feather mass loss. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 33:13. [PMID: 27885567 PMCID: PMC5122606 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This paper assesses the ability of strains of Aphanoascus fulvescens and Chrysosporium articulatum isolated from soil (phaesol) to degrade native feather keratin. Strains were identified based on phenotypic traits and nucleotide sequencing. Response Surface Methodology was used to optimize cultivation conditions exhibiting the highest keratinolytic activity. The experiments were based on Box-Behnken designs for the loss of substrate mass (chicken feathers). While substrate mass loss is an “economic coefficient” that reliably indicates feather keratin degradation, it has not been studied before. Stationary liquid cultures of five selected strains were conducted in laboratory conditions at 28 °C using poultry feathers (1 g) as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy. Enzymatic activities, keratin mineralization products and substrate mass loss were determined periodically. The mineralization of keratin proteins by strains yielded a high number of ammonium ions alkalinizing the medium. Increased ammonium ions inhibited the activity of caseinian protease and keratinase. A decrease in the concentration of these ions induced proteolytic enzymes, chiefly the activity of keratinase, at the end of fungal cultivation. Keratinase activity was related to protein- and peptide release and that of caseinian protease to sulfate ions. The highest loss of substrate mass in comparison to the reference strain CBS104.62 (35.4%) was recorded for Aphanoascus fulvescens B21/4-5 (65.9%). Based on a Box-Behnken design, the maximum loss of substrate mass for the Aphanoascus fulvescens strain (71.08%) can be achieved at pH 7.58 and temperature 28.7 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Bohacz
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Laboratory of Mycology, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 7 Leszczyńskiego Street, 20-069, Lublin, Poland.
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Verma A, Singh H, Anwar S, Chattopadhyay A, Tiwari KK, Kaur S, Dhilon GS. Microbial keratinases: industrial enzymes with waste management potential. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:476-491. [PMID: 27291252 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1185388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are ubiquitous enzymes that occur in various biological systems ranging from microorganisms to higher organisms. Microbial proteases are largely utilized in various established industrial processes. Despite their numerous industrial applications, they are not efficient in hydrolysis of recalcitrant, protein-rich keratinous wastes which result in environmental pollution and health hazards. This paved the way for the search of keratinolytic microorganisms having the ability to hydrolyze "hard to degrade" keratinous wastes. This new class of proteases is known as "keratinases". Due to their specificity, keratinases have an advantage over normal proteases and have replaced them in many industrial applications, such as nematicidal agents, nitrogenous fertilizer production from keratinous waste, animal feed and biofuel production. Keratinases have also replaced the normal proteases in the leather industry and detergent additive application due to their better performance. They have also been proved efficient in prion protein degradation. Above all, one of the major hurdles of enzyme industrial applications (cost effective production) can be achieved by using keratinous waste biomass, such as chicken feathers and hairs as fermentation substrate. Use of these low cost waste materials serves dual purposes: to reduce the fermentation cost for enzyme production as well as reducing the environmental waste load. The advent of keratinases has given new direction for waste management with industrial applications giving rise to green technology for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Verma
- a CBSH, SD Agricultural University , Gujarat , India
| | - Hukum Singh
- b Climate Change and Forest Influences Division , Forest Research Institute, ICFRE , Dehradun , India
| | - Shahbaz Anwar
- c Department of Microbiology , GBPUAT , Pantnagar , India
| | | | | | - Surinder Kaur
- e Department of Biological Sciences , University of Lethbridge , Lethbridge , AB , Canada.,f Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agrifood Canada , Lethbridge , AB , Canada
| | - Gurpreet Singh Dhilon
- g Department of Food, Agricultural, and Nutritional Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB , Canada
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Singh B, Poças-Fonseca MJ, Johri BN, Satyanarayana T. Thermophilic molds: Biology and applications. Crit Rev Microbiol 2016; 42:985-1006. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2015.1122572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Singh B. Myceliophthora thermophila syn. Sporotrichum thermophile: a thermophilic mould of biotechnological potential. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 36:59-69. [PMID: 25025273 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.923985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Myceliophthora thermophila syn. Sporotrichum thermophile is a ubiquitous thermophilic mould with a strong ability to degrade organic matter during optimal growth at 45 °C. Both genome analysis and experimental data have suggested that the mould is capable of hydrolyzing all major polysaccharides found in biomass. The mould is able to secrete a large number of hydrolytic enzymes (cellulases, laccases, xylanases, pectinases, lipases, phytases and some other miscellaneous enzymes) employed in various biotechnological applications. Characterization of the biomass-hydrolyzing activity of wild and recombinant enzymes suggests that this mould is highly efficient in biomass decomposition at both moderate and high temperatures. The native enzymes produced by the mould are more efficient in activity than their mesophilic counterparts beside their low enzyme titers. The mould is able to synthesize various biomolecules, which are used in multifarious applications. Genome sequence data of M. thermophila also supported the physiological data. This review describes the biotechnological potential of thermophilic mould, M. thermophila supported by genomic and experimental evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijender Singh
- a Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology , Maharshi Dayanand University , Rohtak-124001 , Haryana , India
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Daroit DJ, Brandelli A. A current assessment on the production of bacterial keratinases. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 34:372-84. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.794768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Efficient plant biomass degradation by thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora heterothallica. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 79:1316-24. [PMID: 23241981 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02865-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and efficient enzymatic degradation of plant biomass into fermentable sugars is a major challenge for the sustainable production of biochemicals and biofuels. Enzymes that are more thermostable (up to 70°C) use shorter reaction times for the complete saccharification of plant polysaccharides compared to hydrolytic enzymes of mesophilic fungi such as Trichoderma and Aspergillus species. The genus Myceliophthora contains four thermophilic fungi producing industrially relevant thermostable enzymes. Within this genus, isolates belonging to M. heterothallica were recently separated from the well-described species M. thermophila. We evaluate here the potential of M. heterothallica isolates to produce efficient enzyme mixtures for biomass degradation. Compared to the other thermophilic Myceliophthora species, isolates belonging to M. heterothallica and M. thermophila grew faster on pretreated spruce, wheat straw, and giant reed. According to their protein profiles and in vitro assays after growth on wheat straw, (hemi-)cellulolytic activities differed strongly between M. thermophila and M. heterothallica isolates. Compared to M. thermophila, M. heterothallica isolates were better in releasing sugars from mildly pretreated wheat straw (with 5% HCl) with a high content of xylan. The high levels of residual xylobiose revealed that enzyme mixtures of Myceliophthora species lack sufficient β-xylosidase activity. Sexual crossing of two M. heterothallica showed that progenies had a large genetic and physiological diversity. In the future, this will allow further improvement of the plant biomass-degrading enzyme mixtures of M. heterothallica.
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Du W, Sun C, Yu J, Liang J, Liang Z, Han Y, Zou X. Effect of synergistic inducement on the production of laccase by a novel Shiraia bambusicola strain GZ11K2. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:2376-86. [PMID: 23079890 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an easily detectable method was employed for screening laccase-producing microorganisms by using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) as laccase secretion indicator. A novel laccase-producing strain was isolated and identified as Shiraia bambusicola Henn. strain GZ11K2 according to the morphological characteristics and the comparison of internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA gene sequences. In further investigation, the production of laccase by S. bambusicola GZ11K2 was greatly enhanced by the nontoxic inducers of copper sulfate and rhodamine B. Copper and rhodamine B were added into the cultivation medium at 24 and 12 h, respectively, and the maximum laccase production was obtained. Under the induction of 2.0 mM copper sulfate and 35 μM rhodamine B, an increment of about 80 times of laccase activity compared with that in the inducer-free medium and about 20 times compared with that in the single copper-supplemented medium was observed. Compared with other species, S. bambusicola GZ11K2 exhibits better laccase-producing characteristics with an activity of 16,400 U/L after 108 h, suggesting its potential ability for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Du
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
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Mazotto AM, Coelho RRR, Cedrola SML, de Lima MF, Couri S, Paraguai de Souza E, Vermelho AB. Keratinase Production by Three Bacillus spp. Using Feather Meal and Whole Feather as Substrate in a Submerged Fermentation. Enzyme Res 2011; 2011:523780. [PMID: 21822479 PMCID: PMC3148598 DOI: 10.4061/2011/523780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three Bacillus species (B. subtilis LFB-FIOCRUZ 1270, B. subtilis LFB-FIOCRUZ 1273, and B. licheniformis LFB-FIOCRUZ 1274), isolated from the poultry industry, were evaluated for keratinase production using feathers or feather meal as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources in a submerged fermentation. The three Bacillus spp. produced extracellular keratinases and peptidases after 7 days. Feather meal was the best substrate for keratinase and peptidase production in B. subtilis 1273, with 412 U/mL and 463 U/ml. The three strains were able to degrade feather meal (62–75%) and feather (40–95%) producing 3.9–4.4 mg/ml of soluble protein in feather meal medium and 1.9–3.3 mg/ml when feather medium was used. The three strains produced serine peptidases with keratinase and gelatinase activity. B. subtilis 1273 was the strain which exhibited the highest enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Mazotto
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPPG), Bloco I, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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