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Lan NGT, Dong HT, Vinh NT, Senapin S, Shinn AP, Salin KR, Rodkhum C. Immersion prime and oral boost vaccination with an inactivated Vibrio harveyi vaccine confers a specific immune response and protection in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109293. [PMID: 38104696 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) holds significant economic value in fish farming in the Asia-Pacific region. Vibriosis caused by Vibrio harveyi (Vh) is a severe infectious disease affecting intensive farming of this species, for which prevention strategies by vaccination have been developed. This study investigated an alternative approach to injectable vaccination to prevent vibriosis in Asian seabass juveniles. The strategy begins with an immersion prime vaccination with a heat-inactivated Vh vaccine, followed by two oral booster doses administered at 14- and 28-days post-vaccination (dpv). Expression of five immune genes TNFα, IL1β, CD4, CD8, and IgM in the head kidney and spleen, along with investigation of anti-Vh antibody response (IgM) in both systemic and mucosal systems, was conducted on a weekly basis. The efficacy of the vaccines was assessed by a laboratory challenge test at 43 dpv. The results showed that the immunized fish displayed higher levels of mRNA transcripts of the immune genes after the immersion prime and the first oral booster dose compared to the control group. The expression levels peaked at 14 and 28 dpv and then declined to baseline at 35 and 42 dpv. Serum specific IgM antibodies were detected as early as 7 dpv (the first time point investigated) and exhibited a steady increase, reaching the first peak at 21 dpv, and a second peak at 35 dpv. Although the antibody levels gradually declined over subsequent weeks, they remained significantly higher than the control group throughout the experiment. A similar antibody response pattern was also observed in the mucosal compartment. The laboratory challenge test demonstrated high protection by injection with 1.65 × 104 CFU/fish, with a relative percent of survival (RPS) of 72.22 ± 7.86 %. In conclusion, our findings highlight the potential of an immersion prime-oral booster vaccination strategy as a promising approach for preventing vibriosis in Asian seabass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Giang Thu Lan
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management, Department of Food Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Ha Thanh Dong
- Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management, Department of Food Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
| | - Nguyen Tien Vinh
- Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management, Department of Food Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand; Fish Heath Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andrew P Shinn
- INVE (Thailand), 471 Bond Street, Bangpood, Pakkred, Nonthaburi, 11120, Thailand
| | - Krishna R Salin
- Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management, Department of Food Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Channarong Rodkhum
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Strem R, Meiri-Ashkenazi I, Segal N, Ehrlich R, Shashar N, Sharon G. Evaluation of Flathead Grey Mullets ( Mugil cephalus) Immunization and Long-Term Protection against Vibrio harveyi Infection Using Three Different Vaccine Preparations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098277. [PMID: 37175982 PMCID: PMC10179253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, flathead grey mullets (Mugil cephalus) cultured in Eilat (Israel) have been highly affected by Vibrio harveyi, showing neurological signs such as uncoordinated circular swimming followed by high mortality rates. Despite the advances in and different approaches to control vibriosis associated with Vibrio harveyi, including commercial vaccines, most of them have not succeeded in long-term protection. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness, long-term protection, and antibody production of three vaccine preparations: heat-killed bacteria (HKB), membrane proteins denaturation (BME PROT), and internal proteins (INT PROT) developed specifically against Vibrio harveyi for grey mullets. Our results show that fish immunized with heat-killed bacteria emulsified with adjuvant presented the most effective and long-lasting protection against the bacterium, and a cross-protection against other bacteria from the harveyi clade. The effectiveness of each immunization treatment correlated with the levels of specific antibody production against Vibrio harveyi in the serum of the immunized fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Strem
- Department of Life Sciences, Eilat Campus, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat 8855630, Israel
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research Ltd.-National Center for Mariculture, Eilat 8811201, Israel
| | - Iris Meiri-Ashkenazi
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research Ltd.-National Center for Mariculture, Eilat 8811201, Israel
| | - Na'ama Segal
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research Ltd.-National Center for Mariculture, Eilat 8811201, Israel
| | - Roberto Ehrlich
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research Ltd.-National Center for Mariculture, Eilat 8811201, Israel
| | - Nadav Shashar
- Department of Life Sciences, Eilat Campus, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat 8855630, Israel
| | - Galit Sharon
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research Ltd.-National Center for Mariculture, Eilat 8811201, Israel
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Ching JJ, Shuib AS, Abdullah N, Majid NA, Taufek NM, Sutra J, Amal Azmai MN. Hot water extract of Pleurotus pulmonarius stalk waste enhances innate immune response and immune-related gene expression in red hybrid tilapia Oreochromis sp. following challenge with pathogen-associated molecular patterns. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:61-73. [PMID: 34157396 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In aquaculture, commercial fish such as red hybrid tilapia are usually raised at high density to boost the production within a short period of time. This overcrowded environment, however, may cause stress to the cultured fish and increase susceptibility to infectious diseases. Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics are used by fish farmers to overcome these challenges, but this may increase the production cost. Studies have reported on the potential of mushroom polysaccharides that can act as immunostimulants to enhance the immune response and disease resistance in fish. In the current study, hot water extract (HWE) from mushroom stalk waste (MSW) was used to formulate fish feed and hence administered to red hybrid tilapia to observe the activation of immune system. Upon 30 days of feeding, the fish were challenged with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)) to mimic bacterial and viral infection, respectively. HWE supplementation promoted better feed utilisation in red hybrid tilapia although it did not increase the body weight gain and specific growth rate compared to the control diet. The innate immunological parameters such as phagocytic activity and respiratory burst activity were significantly higher in HWE-supplemented group than that of the control group following PAMPs challenges. HWE-supplemented diet also resulted in higher mRNA transcription of il1b and tnfa in midgut, spleen and head kidney at 1-day post PAMPs injection. Tlr3 exhibited the highest upregulation in the HWE fed fish injected with poly (I:C). At 3-days post PAMPs injection, both ighm and tcrb expression were upregulated significantly in the spleen and head kidney. Results showed that HWE supplementation enhances the immune responses of red hybrid tilapia and induced a higher serum bactericidal activity against S. agalactiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Jie Ching
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adawiyah Suriza Shuib
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Noorlidah Abdullah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nazia Abdul Majid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhidayah Mohd Taufek
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; AquaNutri Biotech Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jumria Sutra
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Muñoz-Atienza E, Díaz-Rosales P, Tafalla C. Systemic and Mucosal B and T Cell Responses Upon Mucosal Vaccination of Teleost Fish. Front Immunol 2021; 11:622377. [PMID: 33664735 PMCID: PMC7921309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of mucosal vaccines against pathogens is currently a highly explored area of research in both humans and animals. This is due to the fact that mucosal vaccines have the potential to best elicit protective responses at these mucosal surfaces, which represent the frontline of host defense, thus blocking the pathogen at its initial replication sites. However, in order to provide an efficient long-lasting protection, these mucosal vaccines have to be capable of eliciting an adequate systemic immune response in addition to local responses. In aquaculture, the need for mucosal vaccines has further practical implications, as these vaccines would avoid the individual manipulation of fish out of the water, being beneficial from both an economic and animal welfare point of view. However, how B and T cells are organized in teleost fish within these mucosal sites and how they respond to mucosally delivered antigens varies greatly when compared to mammals. For this reason, it is important to establish which mucosally delivered antigens have the capacity to induce strong and long-lasting B and T cell responses. Hence, in this review, we have summarized what is currently known regarding the adaptive immune mechanisms that are induced both locally and systemically in fish after mucosal immunization through different routes of administration including oral and nasal vaccination, anal intubation and immersion vaccination. Finally, based on the data presented, we discuss how mucosal vaccination strategies could be improved to reach significant protection levels in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Muñoz-Atienza
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Díaz-Rosales
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
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Zhang HP, Chen MY, Xu YX, Xu GY, Chen JR, Wang YM, Kang YH, Shan XF, Kong LC, Ma HX. An effective live attenuated vaccine against Aeromonas veronii infection in the loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:269-278. [PMID: 32439515 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is a major pathogenic bacterium in humans and animals. When it causes outbreaks, there are enormous economic losses to the aquaculture industry. An effective live attenuated vaccine strain, ΔhisJ, was obtained in our previous studies by gene knockout in Aeromonas veronii TH0426 using the suicide vector pRE112. Here, we evaluated whether the live attenuated vaccine ΔhisJ was suitable for prevention of Aeromonas veronii infection by injection and immersion in loaches. Compared with that of the TH0426 wild-type strain, the virulence of the live vaccine was significantly weakened. Vaccine safety assessment results also indicated that 1 × 107 CFU/mL live vaccine was safe and did not induce clinical symptoms or obvious pathological changes. Additionally, after challenging loaches with Aeromonas veronii TH0426, the relative percent survival of the IN3 injection group was 65.66%, and that of the IM group was 50.78%. Our data show that the live attenuated vaccine ΔhisJ can improve the immune protection rate of loaches. Furthermore, increased enzyme activity parameters (SOD, LZM, ACP, and AKP) in the skin mucus, increased enzyme activity parameters (SOD, LZM, ACP, AKP, and GPx) in the serum, increased specific IgM antibodies and cytokine IL-1β contents in the serum, and increased cytokine (IL-15, pIgR, IL-1β, and TNF-α) expression in the liver and spleen were observed. These data are the first to indicate that the live attenuated vaccine ΔhisJ is suitable for the development of a safe and effective vaccine against Aeromonas veronii infection in loach aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Peng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Meng-Yao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guan-Yi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jing-Rui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuan-Huan Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ling-Cong Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Hong-Xia Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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6
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Vaz Farias TH, Arijo S, Medina A, Pala G, da Rosa Prado EJ, Montassier HJ, Pilarski F, Antonio de Andrade Belo M. Immune responses induced by inactivated vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila in pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 101:186-191. [PMID: 32247044 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is responsible for outbreaks of a severe infectious disease in fish farms around the world and is one of the major causes of economic losses to the neotropical fish farmers. This study assessed the induction of immune responses and protection against A. hydrophila in pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, vaccinated through intraperitoneal and immersion route with inactivated virulent strain. Fish were randomly distributed in three vaccinated groups: intraperitoneal (i.p.) route; immersion; and immersion + booster; and control group (unvaccinated). All vaccination protocols used the concentration of 1.7 × 108 CFU mL-1 of inactivated A. hydrophila., and an oil adjuvant was used for vaccine prepararion for i.p. route vaccination. Blood and skin mucus from 9 fishes per treatment were collected at 14, 28, 42 and 84 days post-vaccination (DPV) for determination of lysozyme concentration in skin mucus, as well as antibodies anti-A. hydrophila in blood serum and skin mucus. Fish were challenged at 84 DPV with homologous and virulent strain of A. hydrophila for evaluation of resistance against bacterial infection. The results demonstrated that vaccination with inactivated A. hydrophila suspension by i.p. or immersion resulted in significant increase of skin mucus lysozyme and specific antibody levels in serum and skin mucus, at 28 and 42 DPV, and this increase in innate and adaptive immunity remained significant in pacu vaccinated through i.p. route up to 84 DPV. Although no significant differences were observed in the survival study, pacu vaccinated through i.p. route presented 31,33% of relative percentage survival (RPS) in LD50-96h when compared unvaccinated fish challenged at 84 DPV. The results observed in this study indicate that vaccination programs with inactivated A. hydrophila, including booster doses by i.p. or immersion routes, could result in more effective protection in pacu against this bacteriosis, by increasing innate and adaptive mucosal and systemic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Heloisa Vaz Farias
- Laboratory of Aquatic Organisms Pathology (Lapoa), Aquaculture Center from UNESP (CAUNESP), Rodovia de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Salvador Arijo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Alberto Medina
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Gabriela Pala
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rodovia de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, CEP 14884-012, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ed Jhonny da Rosa Prado
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rodovia de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, CEP 14884-012, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Hélio José Montassier
- Department of Microbiology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rodovia de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, CEP 14884-012, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Pilarski
- Laboratory of Aquatic Organisms Pathology (Lapoa), Aquaculture Center from UNESP (CAUNESP), Rodovia de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio de Andrade Belo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rodovia de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, CEP 14884-012, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Animal Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brazil University, Av. Hilário da Silva Passos, 950, CEP.13690-000, Descalvado, SP, Brazil.
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Pulpipat T, Maekawa S, Wang PC, Chen SC. Immune Responses and Protective Efficacy of a Formalin-Killed Francisella Noatunensis Subsp. Orientalis Vaccine Evaluated through Intraperitoneal and Immersion Challenge Methods in Oreochromis Niloticus. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020163. [PMID: 32260212 PMCID: PMC7348880 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno), an intracellular bacterium, causes systemic granulomatous diseases, resulting in high mortality and huge economic losses in Taiwanese tilapia farming. In this study, we tested the efficacy of a formalin-killed Fno vaccine in cultured tilapia. Fno was isolated from diseased tilapia, inactivated with formalin, and mixed with the mineral oil base adjuvant (MontanideTM ISA 763 AVG). A total of 300 tilapia were divided into two groups. The experimental group was intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 mL of vaccine, which was substituted with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in the control group. A booster was administered at 2 weeks post-immunization. Tilapia were challenged at 6 weeks post primary immunization by intraperitoneal (IP) injection and immersion methods. Mortality was recorded at 21 and 60 days. The results revealed that the vaccine induced a greater antibody titer and led to 71% and 76% of relative percent survival (RPS) after the IP and immersion challenge. The transcripts of proinflammatory cytokines and immune-related genes, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), and interleukin-17C (IL-17C), were significantly upregulated after vaccination. Additionally, vaccinated fish had lower bacterial loads in the blood and lower granuloma intensities in the kidney, spleen, liver, and gill than control fish. The results in this study demonstrate that the inactivated Fno vaccine could be an essential resource in Taiwanese tilapia farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theeraporn Pulpipat
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (T.P.); (S.M.); (P.-C.W.)
| | - Shun Maekawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (T.P.); (S.M.); (P.-C.W.)
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Research Center for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (T.P.); (S.M.); (P.-C.W.)
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Research Center for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (T.P.); (S.M.); (P.-C.W.)
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Research Center for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-8-770-3202 (ext. 5076 or 5095)
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Zhang XH, He X, Austin B. Vibrio harveyi: a serious pathogen of fish and invertebrates in mariculture. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 2:231-245. [PMID: 32419972 PMCID: PMC7223180 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-020-00037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi, which belongs to family Vibrionaceae of class Gammaproteobacteria, includes the species V. carchariae and V. trachuri as its junior synonyms. The organism is a well-recognized and serious bacterial pathogen of marine fish and invertebrates, including penaeid shrimp, in aquaculture. Diseased fish may exhibit a range of lesions, including eye lesions/blindness, gastro-enteritis, muscle necrosis, skin ulcers, and tail rot disease. In shrimp, V. harveyi is regarded as the etiological agent of luminous vibriosis in which affected animals glow in the dark. There is a second condition of shrimp known as Bolitas negricans where the digestive tract is filled with spheres of sloughed-off tissue. It is recognized that the pathogenicity mechanisms of V. harveyi may be different in fish and penaeid shrimp. In shrimp, the pathogenicity mechanisms involved the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide, and extracellular proteases, and interaction with bacteriophages. In fish, the pathogenicity mechanisms involved extracellular hemolysin (encoded by duplicate hemolysin genes), which was identified as a phospholipase B and could inactivate fish cells by apoptosis, via the caspase activation pathway. V. harveyi may enter the so-called viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, and resuscitation of the VBNC cells may be an important reason for vibriosis outbreaks in aquaculture. Disease control measures center on dietary supplements (including probiotics), nonspecific immunostimulants, and vaccines and to a lesser extent antibiotics and other antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
| | - Xinxin He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Brian Austin
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland, UK
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Somamoto T, Nakanishi T. Mucosal delivery of fish vaccines: Local and systemic immunity following mucosal immunisations. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:199-207. [PMID: 31911291 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal organs of fishes are directly exposed to their aquatic environment, which is suited to the colonization and growth of microorganisms, and thus these barriers are considered to play an important role in maintaining homeostasis and preventing entry of invasive pathogens. Research on fish mucosal immunity have shown that mucosal organs such as gills, skin, intestines and olfactory organs harbor lymphoid cells, including T and B cells as well as dendritic-like cells. Findings related to immune responses following direct administration of antigens into the mucosal organs could help to shed light upon the development of fish mucosal vaccines. The present review highlights vaccine delivery via mucosal organs, in particular focusing on methods other than those of typical mucosal vaccine platforms, such as oral and immersion vaccines. In addition, we propose the hypothesis that mucosal tissues are important sites for generating cell-mediated immunity following vaccination with extracellular antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Somamoto
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Teruyuki Nakanishi
- Goto Aquaculture Institute Co., Ltd, Sayama City, Saitama, 350-1332, Japan
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10
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Review on Immersion Vaccines for Fish: An Update 2019. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120627. [PMID: 31795391 PMCID: PMC6955699 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immersion vaccines are used for a variety of aquacultured fish to protect against infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses. During immersion vaccination the antigens are taken up by the skin, gills or gut and processed by the immune system, where the resulting response may lead to protection. The lack of classical secondary responses following repeated immersion vaccination may partly be explained by the limited uptake of antigens by immersion compared to injection. Administration of vaccines depends on the size of the fish. In most cases, immersion vaccination is inferior to injection vaccination with regard to achieved protection. However, injection is problematic in small fish, and fry as small as 0.5 gram may be immersion vaccinated when they are considered adaptively immunocompetent. Inactivated vaccines are, in many cases, weakly immunogenic, resulting in low protection after immersion vaccination. Therefore, during recent years, several studies have focused on different ways to augment the efficacy of these vaccines. Examples are booster vaccination, administration of immunostimulants/adjuvants, pretreatment with low frequency ultrasound, use of live attenuated and DNA vaccines, preincubation in hyperosmotic solutions, percutaneous application of a multiple puncture instrument and application of more suitable inactivation chemicals. Electrostatic coating with positively charged chitosan to obtain mucoadhesive vaccines and a more efficient delivery of inactivated vaccines has also been successful.
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Yun S, Giri SS, Kim HJ, Kim SG, Kim SW, Kang JW, Han SJ, Kwon J, Oh WT, Chi C, Jun JW, Chang Park S. Enhanced bath immersion vaccination through microbubble treatment in the cyprinid loach. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:12-18. [PMID: 31082518 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Immunization by bath immersion is likely the simplest method of fish vaccination. Although the route of immunogenicity has not been fully identified, immersion vaccination is clearly a useful labor-saving technique. In this study, microbubble (MB) treatment was assessed for its ability to improve the efficacy of bath immersion vaccination in the cyprinid loach. MBs are commonly defined as minute particles of gas with a diameter of less than 100 μm, which generated free radicals. Here, the efficacy of MB treatment for vaccination enhancement in the cyprinid loach was assessed in direct challenge experiments using the virulent Aeromonas hydrophila JUNAH strain; assessments comprised agglutination titer assay and non-specific parameter analysis. Agglutination titers were high in loaches that were immunized via injection with inactivated cells (FKC group); however, non-specific immune activation parameters (e.g., lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, and phagocytic activity) were more increased in loaches that were immunized via bath immersion with MB treatment. Moreover, MB-treated loaches showed comparable survival rates, relative to loaches immunized via injection with formalin inactivated cells. Thus, higher levels of non-specific immune parameters suggest increased efficacy of this vaccine approach. Improving the effectiveness of bath immersion vaccine will increase its affordability and ease of application in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saekil Yun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Geun Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wha Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woo Kang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Han
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kwon
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Taek Oh
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Ecology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Department of Aquaculture, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Gallage S, Katagiri T, Endo M, Futami K, Endo M, Maita M. Influence of moderate hypoxia on vaccine efficacy against Vibrio anguillarum in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 51:271-281. [PMID: 26915308 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is known as a potential immunomodulator in fish. This study therefore assesses the impact of chronic, moderate hypoxia on vaccine efficacy in Oreochromis niloticus. Serum antibody titer was used as a surrogate marker to detect vaccine efficacy. The fish were acclimatized to either moderate hypoxia (55 ± 5% DO) or normoxia (85 ± 5%DO) and immunized with formalin inactivated Vibrio anguillarum. Significantly, a higher antibody titer was found in normoxic fish than in moderate hypoxia. The normoxic group titer peaked at 14th dpv (days post vaccination) while the moderate hypoxic group peaked at 21st or 28th dpv. The absolute blood lymphocyte counts and serum bactericidal activities against V. anguillarum were significantly higher in normoxic fish. Serum killing of V. anguillarum appeared to be mainly via antibody-dependent classical complement pathway. Furthermore, the first week following vaccination appears critical for antibody production. This view was further supported by results obtained from gene expression assay, where the transcription level of all the detected immune related genes (IgM, IL-1 β, TCR-β, MHC-II β), except B cell activating factor, were significantly suppressed following exposure to moderate hypoxia. The overall results highlight that even though moderate hypoxia is not easily detectable in Oreochromis niloticus, it negatively affects antibody production by suppressing and delaying antibody response, ultimately affecting vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchala Gallage
- Laboratory of Fish Health Management, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Katagiri
- Laboratory of Fish Health Management, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Makoto Endo
- Laboratory of Fish Health Management, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Kunihiko Futami
- Laboratory of Fish Health Management, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Masato Endo
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Masashi Maita
- Laboratory of Fish Health Management, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
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Wang Y, Wang X, Huang J, Li J. Adjuvant Effect of Quillaja saponaria Saponin (QSS) on Protective Efficacy and IgM Generation in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) upon Immersion Vaccination. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:325. [PMID: 26950114 PMCID: PMC4813187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The adjuvant effect of Quillaja saponaria saponin (QSS) on protection of turbot fry was investigated with immersion vaccination of formalin-killed Vibrio anguillarum O1 and various concentrations of QSS (5, 25, 45 and 65 mg/L). Fish were challenged at days 7, 14 and 28 post-vaccination. Significantly high relative percent of survival (RPS) ((59.1 ± 13.6)%, (81.7 ± 8.2)%, (77.8 ± 9.6)%) were recorded in the fish that received bacterins immersion with QSS at 45 mg/L, which is comparable to the positive control group vaccinated by intraperitoneal injection (IP). Moreover, a remarkably higher serum antibody titer was also demonstrated after 28 days in the vaccinated fish with QSS (45 mg/L) than those vaccinated fish without QSS (p < 0.05), but lower than the IP immunized fish (p < 0.05). Significant upregulation of IgM gene expression has also been identified in the tissues of skin, gill, spleen and kidney from the immunized fish in comparison to the control fish. Taken together, the present study indicated that QSS was able to dramatically evoke systemic and mucosal immune responses in immunized fish. Therefore, QSS might be a promising adjuvant candidate for fish vaccination via an immersion administering route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xiuhua Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jie Huang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
- School of Biological Sciences, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, MI 49783, USA.
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Gao YL, Tang XQ, Sheng XZ, Xing J, Zhan WB. Immune responses of flounder Paralichthys olivaceus vaccinated by immersion of formalin-inactivated Edwardsiella tarda following hyperosmotic treatment. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2015; 116:111-120. [PMID: 26480914 DOI: 10.3354/dao02909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of hyperosmotic immersion (HI) vaccination and determine the optimum hyperosmotic salinity for flounder Paralichthys olivaceus by investigating its immune responses following vaccination. Flounder were immersed in 1 of 3 hyperosmotic solutions at 50, 60 and 70‰ salinity, then transferred into 30‰ salinity normal seawater containing formalin-inactivated Edwardsiella tarda for vaccination (3 HI groups), or were immersed in normal seawater as direct immersion (DI group). The results showed that the percentages of surface membrane immunoglobulin-positive (sIg+) cells in peripheral blood leukocytes and spleen leukocytes induced by HI were significantly higher than that with DI (p < 0.05), and the 50‰ salinity group showed the strongest response among the HI groups, which reached peaks at Week 4. ELISA assay showed that the specific serum antibodies gradually increased after vaccination and reached peak at Day 32, and the fish treated with HI showed stronger antibody responses; among the HI groups, a significantly higher specific antibody level was detected in the 50‰ salinity group at Day 32 (p < 0.05). Similarly, the fish treated with HI showed higher specific mucosal antibody levels compared to the DI group, and the mucosal antibody showed a faster response, with peak time arriving 1 wk earlier than for the serum antibody. The relative percent survival (RPS) of flounder treated with HI at 50, 60 and 70‰ salinities were 79, 71 and 57% respectively, while this was 43% in the DI group. These results demonstrated that HI, especially the 50‰ salinity, could efficiently enhance the immune response of flounder and show higher RPS. This has significant value for immunological prevention of edwardsiellosis in flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Li Gao
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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Salinas I, Zhang YA, Sunyer JO. Mucosal immunoglobulins and B cells of teleost fish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 35:1346-65. [PMID: 22133710 PMCID: PMC3428141 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As physical barriers that separate teleost fish from the external environment, mucosae are also active immunological sites that protect them against exposure to microbes and stressors. In mammals, the sites where antigens are sampled from mucosal surfaces and where stimulation of naïve T and B lymphocytes occurs are known as inductive sites and are constituted by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). According to anatomical location, the MALT in teleost fish is subdivided into gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT), and gill-associated lymphoid tissue (GIALT). All MALT contain a variety of leukocytes, including, but not limited to, T cells, B cells, plasma cells, macrophages and granulocytes. Secretory immunoglobulins are produced mainly by plasmablasts and plasma cells, and play key roles in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. Until recently, teleost fish B cells were thought to express only two classes of immunoglobulins, IgM and IgD, in which IgM was thought to be the only one responding to pathogens both in systemic and mucosal compartments. However, a third teleost immunoglobulin class, IgT/IgZ, was discovered in 2005, and it has recently been shown to behave as the prevalent immunoglobulin in gut mucosal immune responses. The purpose of this review is to summarise the current knowledge of mucosal immunoglobulins and B cells of fish MALT. Moreover, we attempt to integrate the existing knowledge on both basic and applied research findings on fish mucosal immune responses, with the goal to provide new directions that may facilitate the development of novel vaccination strategies that stimulate not only systemic, but also mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J. Oriol Sunyer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Xia JH, He XP, Bai ZY, Lin G, Yue GH. Analysis of the Asian seabass transcriptome based on expressed sequence tags. DNA Res 2011; 18:513-22. [PMID: 22086997 PMCID: PMC3223082 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsr036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of transcriptomes is of great importance in genomic studies. Asian seabass is an important fish species. A number of genomic tools in it were developed, while large expressed sequence tag (EST) data are lacking. We sequenced ESTs from nine normalized cDNA libraries and obtained 11 431 high-quality ESTs. We retrieved 8524 ESTs from dbEST database and analyzed all 19 975 ESTs using bioinformatics tools. After clustering, we obtained 8837 unique sequences (2838 contigs and 5999 singletons). The average contig length was 574 bp. Annotation of these unique sequences revealed that 48.9% of them showed significant homology to RNA sequences in GenBank. Functional classification of the unique ESTs identified a broad range of genes involved in different functions. We identified 6114 putative single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 634 microsatellites in ESTs. We discovered different temporal and spatial expression patterns of some immune-related genes in the Asian seabass after challenging with a pathogen Vibrio harveyi. The unique EST sequences are being used in developing a cDNA microarray to examine global gene expression and will also facilitate future whole-genome sequence assembly and annotation of Asian seabass and comparative genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hong Xia
- Molecular Population Genetics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore
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Sun Y, Liu CS, Sun L. A multivalent killed whole-cell vaccine induces effective protection against Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio anguillarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:595-599. [PMID: 21763772 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio anguillarum, Streptococcus iniae, and Vibrio harveyi are important aquaculture pathogens that affect a wide range of fish species. In this study, we examined in a Japanese founder (Paralichthys olivaceus) model the possibility of developing simple, killed whole-cell vaccines with protective effect against two or more of the above pathogens. For this purpose, we utilized four pathogenic fish isolates: E. tarda TX1, V. anguillarum C312, S. iniae SF1, and V. harveyi T4D. Flounder were immunized with inactivated monovalent TX1, C312, SF1, or T4D, or with different combinations of these strains in the form of (i): TX1, C312, SF1, and T4D mix (M4); (ii) TX1, C312, and SF1 mix (M3); (iii) TX1 and C312 mix (M2). Fish were challenged at two months post-vaccination with E. tarda, V. anguillarum, S. iniae, or V. harveyi and monitored for mortality. The results showed that the monovalent vaccines produced low protections, with relative percent survival (RPS) rates between 33.3% and 53.9%. Compared to monovalent vaccines, M2, M3, and M4 all induced significantly higher levels of protection against E. tarda. In addition, M2 and M4 also effected much higher (∼19%) RPS rates against V. anguillarum. Serum antibody production and bactericidal activity analysis showed a correlation between protection efficacy and antibody level. These results suggest a humoral immunity-based mechanism of protection induced by inactivated whole-cell vaccines, and that there exists a mutual and specific immunostimulatory effect between E. tarda TX1 and V. anguillarum C312, which enables the divalent M2 to induce effective protective immunity against E. tarda and V. anguillarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sun
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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Wang Q, Chen J, Liu R, Jia J. Identification and evaluation of an outer membrane protein OmpU from a pathogenic Vibrio harveyi isolate as vaccine candidate in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 53:22-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pang HY, Li Y, Wu ZH, Jian JC, Lu YS, Cai SH. Immunoproteomic analysis and identification of novel immunogenic proteins from Vibrio harveyi. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:1800-9. [PMID: 20698911 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The main aim of this study was to screen novel immunogenic proteins of Vibrio harveyi, which could be vaccine candidates. METHODS AND RESULTS Whole-cell proteins of V. harveyi, strain Li01 and Huang01, were first separated by isoelectric focusing, followed by 2D-PAGE, respectively. Immunogenic proteins were identified by Western blotting, using Epinephelus coioides antisera against V. harveyi strain Li01. Western blot analyses revealed 16 shared immunogenic protein spots in both strains. All of the immunogenic proteins were successfully identified and corresponded to 15 proteins. None of these proteins have been previously reported as immunogenic for V. harveyi. Of the 15 proteins, 11 are specific immunoreactive proteins and four are nonspecific immunoreactive proteins. Furthermore, outer membrane protein N (spot 2) and oligopeptide ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter (spot 3) were used as immunogens to immunize E. coioides for investigation of their protective abilities and activities. The E. coioides immunized with OmpN has abilities to fight against infections caused by V. harveyi Li01 and Huang01. However, vaccination with oligopeptide ABC transporter induces low protective immune response in fish. CONCLUSIONS Eleven novel specific antigens were found, and OmpN could potentially be used as vaccine candidate for the development of novel vaccine against V. harveyi. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These data show that immunoproteomics methods can be successfully applied in identifying immunogenic proteins of V. harveyi, which helps to search for the protective antigens in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-Y Pang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Xia JH, Yue GH. Identification and analysis of immune-related transcriptome in Asian seabass Lates calcarifer. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:356. [PMID: 20525308 PMCID: PMC2893601 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fish diseases caused by pathogens are limiting their production and trade, affecting the economy generated by aquaculture. Innate immunity system is the first line of host defense in opposing pathogenic organisms or any other foreign material. For identification of immune-related genes in Asian seabass Lates calcarifer, an important marine foodfish species, we injected bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a commonly used elicitor of innate immune responses to eight individuals at the age of 35 days post-hatch and applied the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique to selectively amplify spleen cDNA of differentially expressed genes. Results Sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of 3351 ESTs from two SSH libraries yielded 1692 unique transcripts. Of which, 618 transcripts were unknown/novel genes and the remaining 1074 were similar to 743 known genes and 105 unannotated mRNA sequences available in public databases. A total of 161 transcripts were classified to the category "response to stimulus" and 115 to "immune system process". We identified 25 significantly up-regulated genes (including 2 unknown transcripts) and 4 down-regulated genes associated with immune-related processes upon challenge with LPS. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed the differential expression of these genes after LPS challenge. Conclusions The present study identified 1692 unique transcripts upon LPS challenge for the first time in Asian seabass by using SSH, sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Some of the identified transcripts are vertebrate homologues and others are hitherto unreported putative defence proteins. The obtained immune-related genes may allow for a better understanding of immunity in Asian seabass, carrying out detailed functional analysis of these genes and developing strategies for efficient immune protection against infections in Asian seabass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hong Xia
- Molecular Population Genetics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117604 Republic of Singapore
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Cheng S, Zhang WW, Zhang M, Sun L. Evaluation of the vaccine potential of a cytotoxic protease and a protective immunogen from a pathogenic Vibrio harveyi strain. Vaccine 2009; 28:1041-7. [PMID: 19897068 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 10/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi is an important aquaculture pathogen that can infect a number of fish species and marine invertebrates. A putative protease, Vhp1, was identified from a pathogenic V. harveyi strain isolated from diseased fish as a protein with secretion capacity. Vhp1 is 530 amino acids in length and shares high sequence identities with several extracellular serine proteases of the Vibrio species. In silico analysis identified a protease domain in Vhp1, which is preceded by a subtilisin-N domain and followed by a bacterial pre-peptidase C-terminal domain. Purified recombinant protein corresponding to the protease domain of Vhp1 exhibited apparent proteolytic activity that was relatively heat-stable and reached maximum at pH 8.0 and 50 degrees C. The activity of purified recombinant Vhp1 protease was enhanced by Ca(2+) and inhibited by Mn(2+) and ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid. Cytotoxicity analyses indicated that recombinant Vhp1 protease was toxic to cultured Japanese flounder cells and could cause complete cell lysis. Immunoprotective analysis using Japanese flounder as an animal model showed that purified recombinant Vhp1 in the form of a denatured and proteolytically inactive protein was an effective subunit vaccine. To improve the vaccine potential of Vhp1, an Escherichia coli strain that expresses and secrets a cytotoxically impaired Vhp1 was constructed, which, when used as a live vaccine, afforded a high level of protection upon the vaccinated fish against lethal V. harveyi challenge. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Vhp1 is a cytotoxic protease and an effective vaccine candidate against V. harveyi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Cheng
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
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Mosharraf Hossain MM, Kawai K, Oshima S. An Inactivation Method ofEdwardsiella tardaVaccine for Fish. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2009.9707003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Immunoprotective analysis of VhhP2, a Vibrio harveyi vaccine candidate. Vaccine 2009; 27:2733-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ningqiu L, Junjie B, Shuqin W, Xiaozhe F, Haihua L, Xing Y, Cunbin S. An outer membrane protein, OmpK, is an effective vaccine candidate for Vibrio harveyi in Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 25:829-833. [PMID: 18854216 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The outer membrane proteins of the fish pathogen, Vibrio harveyi, have a role in interaction between bacterium and host and are potential candidates for vaccine development. In this study, the gene encoding an outer membrane protein, OmpK, which serves as the receptor for broad-host-range vibriophage KVP40 in V. harveyi, was isolated and characterized. Then the OmpK gene coding for mature peptide was subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector pBV220 and transformed into Escherichia coli DH5 alpha strain. After temperature induction, a recombinant protein was detected about 28 kDa in molecular weight and accounted for 24.8% of total proteins of whole cell as estimated by SDS-PAGE and scanning analysis of gel image. Polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits against the purified protein and the reaction of the antibody was confirmed by western blotting using the purified protein and crude extract of V. harveyi. Orange-spotted groupers (Epinephelus coioides) vaccinated with recombinant OmpK produced specific antibodies, and were highly resistant to infection by virulent V. harveyi. These results indicate that the OmpK is an effective vaccine candidate against V. harveyi in Orange-spotted groupers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ningqiu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal ImmunoTechnology, Guangzhou 510380, PR China
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Arijo S, Brunt J, Chabrillón M, Díaz-Rosales P, Austin B. Subcellular components of Vibrio harveyi and probiotics induce immune responses in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), against V. harveyi. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2008; 31:579-590. [PMID: 18482381 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00932.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial subcellular components and probiotics were successful for the stimulation of immunity and the prevention of Vibrio harveyi infections in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Rainbow trout were immunized with whole inactivated cells of V. harveyi to obtain polyclonal antibodies against specific antigens. Western blotting showed a unique reactive band (approximately 93 kDa) between serum and bacterial proteins from outer membrane proteins (OMP) and extracellular products (ECP). Probiotics were selected according to their capability to inhibit V. harveyi. Two of these bacteria, i.e. A3-47 and A3-51, showed cross-reactivity with V. harveyi antiserum. Their OMPs and ECPs were reactive with V. harveyi antiserum in bands of approximately 93 kDa for A3-51 and higher for A3-47. In vivo tests determined that fish fed with A3-51 produced cross-reactive antibodies against V. harveyi and also, the survival of these fish infected with V. harveyi was high, being similar to the level achieved with vaccinated fish. Thus, the probiotics, when administered as live preparations, were capable of producing cross-reactive antibody against specific bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arijo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Soltani S, Keymanesh K, Sardari S. Evaluation of Structural Features of Membrane Acting Antifungal Peptides by Artificial Neural Network. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2008.834.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Defoirdt T, Boon N, Sorgeloos P, Verstraete W, Bossier P. Alternatives to antibiotics to control bacterial infections: luminescent vibriosis in aquaculture as an example. Trends Biotechnol 2007; 25:472-9. [PMID: 17719667 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The massive (mis)use of antibiotics to control infections in aquaculture has resulted in the development of resistant strains, which have rendered antibiotic treatments ineffective. Moreover, the horizontal transfer of resistance determinants to human pathogens and the presence of antibiotic residues in aquaculture products for human consumption constitute important threats to public health. Therefore, to make the aquaculture industry more sustainable, new strategies to control infections are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Defoirdt
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Vigliano FA, Bermúdez R, Quiroga MI, Nieto JM. Evidence for melano-macrophage centres of teleost as evolutionary precursors of germinal centres of higher vertebrates: an immunohistochemical study. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 21:467-71. [PMID: 16533606 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2005] [Revised: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The melano-macrophage centres (MMCs) of the haemolymphopoietic organs of teleost fish trap and retain antigens and are closely associated with immunoglobulin-secreting cells. The hypothesis that they are the phylogenetic precursors of the germinal centres of higher vertebrates has been questioned due to their apparent lack of organising cells. In this study the immunoreactivity of MMC cells from spleen and kidney of the teleosts Cyprinus carpio, Odontesthes bonariensis and Solea senegalensis to CNA-42, an antibody usually employed for labelling follicular dendritic cells of higher vertebrates was investigated. Free melano-macrophages and MMCs in the spleens of all three species were labelled by the antibody. This finding adds new evidence to the hypothesis that an evolutionary relationship exists between the MMCs of fish and the germinal centres of many birds and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio A Vigliano
- Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, S2170HGJ, CC 166, Casilda, Argentina.
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Delamare-Deboutteville J, Wood D, Barnes AC. Response and function of cutaneous mucosal and serum antibodies in barramundi (Lates calcarifer) acclimated in seawater and freshwater. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 21:92-101. [PMID: 16337812 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Revised: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 10/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal and serum antibody responses were studied in sibling barramundi (Lates calcarifer) acclimated in either seawater or freshwater following vaccination by intraperitoneal injection or direct immersion in an inactivated Streptococcus iniae vaccine. As expected, route of vaccination had a marked effect on immune response, with direct immersion resulting in low serum antibody levels against S. iniae by ELISA detected 21 days post vaccination at 26 degrees C, whilst a significant response was detected in mucus. A strong specific antibody response was detected in both mucus and serum 21 days following intraperitoneal injection. Fish acclimated in seawater prior to vaccination showed a markedly higher specific mucosal antibody response than sibling fish acclimated in freshwater, regardless of the route of vaccination, whilst the serum antibody response was not affected by salinity. Both mucosal and serum antibodies from fish in seawater and freshwater were capable of binding antigen at salinities similar to full strength seawater in a modified ELISA assay. These results indicate that this euryhaline fish species is not only able to mount significant specific antibody response in cutaneous mucus, but that these antibodies will function in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Delamare-Deboutteville
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Centre for Marine Studies, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
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