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Nair RR, John KR, Rajan P, Krishnan R, Safeena MP. Co-infection of Lactococcus garvieae and Aeromonas hydrophila in cultured Nile Tilapia in Kerala, India. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:2071-2083. [PMID: 38904690 PMCID: PMC11405729 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01415-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Co-infection of Lactococcus garvieae and Aeromonas hydrophila, has been confirmed from diseased Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Chithralada strain cultured in a freshwater rearing pond of Alappuzha district of Kerala, India. The aetiological agents behind the disease outbreak were bacteriologically proven and confirmed by 16SrRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. PCR detection of the virulent genes, showed existence of adhesin and hemolysin in L. garvieae and aerolysin in A. hydrophila strain obtained. To fulfil Koch's postulates, challenge experiments were conducted and median lethal dose (LD50) of L. garvieae and A. hydrophila was calculated as 1 × 105.91 CFU per mL and 1 × 105.2 CFU per mL respectively. Histopathologically, eyes, spleen, and kidney were the predominantly infected organs by L. garvieae and A. hydrophila. Out of the 13 antibiotics tested to check antibiotic susceptibility, L. garvieae showed resistance to almost 7 antibiotics tested, with a resistance to Ciprofloxacin while A. hydrophila was found resistant to Streptomycin and Erythromycin. Understanding the complex interaction between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in the disease process and pathogenesis in fish host will contribute to efficient treatment strategies. As a preliminary investigation into this complex interaction, the present study is aimed at phenotypic and genotypic characterization, pathogenicity evaluation, and antibiotic susceptibility of the co-infecting pathogens in a diseased sample of freshwater-farmed Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Rajeev Nair
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries Science, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Kollanoor Riji John
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries Science, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Preenanka Rajan
- Department of Ocean Studies and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Rahul Krishnan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries Science, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Muhammed Puratheparampilchira Safeena
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries Science, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India.
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2
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Huang Y, Sun H, Dong J, Zhang J, Wang H, Yang L, Li Y, Wang Y. Novel identification of mixed infection of Lactococcus garvieae and Cryptocaryon irritans isolated from cultured Trachinotus ovatus in China. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301674. [PMID: 39042608 PMCID: PMC11265655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae has recently been identified and listed as one of the causative agents of hyperacute hemorrhagic sepsis in fish. In intensive recirculating aquaculture systems where there are high fish densities and minimal water changes, not only will it be conducive to the growth of bacteria, but Cryptocaryon irritans as a marine protozoan fish parasite is also prone to appear. This study reports the disease status of Trachinotus ovatus in an aquaculture area in Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province. Through the diagnosis of clinical symptoms of the diseased fish, identification of specific primers, 16s rRNA sequences phylogenetic tree analysis, physiological and biochemical identification, and observation of histopathological sections, the result of the experiment is that the mass death of T. ovatus is caused by a mixture of L. garvieae and C. irritants infections. Subsequently, regression infection experiments were performed to verify Koch's law. It was confirmed that the pathogen had strong virulence to T. ovatus. This is the first time that the co-infection of L. garvieae and C. irritans to T. ovatus was found in South China. The research results of this experiment have certain enlightenment significance for the epidemic trend of fish diseases in relevant sea areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, GuangDong, China
| | - Heng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, GuangDong, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, GuangDong, China
| | - Jianrong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, GuangDong, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, GuangDong, China
| | - Lindi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, GuangDong, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, GuangDong, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, GuangDong, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Heckman TI, Yazdi Z, Older CE, Griffin MJ, Waldbieser GC, Chow AM, Medina Silva I, Anenson KM, García JC, LaFrentz BR, Slavic D, Toohey-Kurth KL, Yant P, Fritz HM, Henderson EE, McDowall R, Cai H, Adkison M, Soto E. Redefining piscine lactococcosis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0234923. [PMID: 38597602 PMCID: PMC11107168 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02349-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Piscine lactococcosis is a significant threat to cultured and wild fish populations worldwide. The disease typically presents as a per-acute to acute hemorrhagic septicemia causing high morbidity and mortality, recalcitrant to antimicrobial treatment or management interventions. Historically, the disease was attributed to the gram-positive pathogen Lactococcus garvieae. However, recent work has revealed three distinct lactococcosis-causing bacteria (LCB)-L. garvieae, L. petauri, and L. formosensis-which are phenotypically and genetically similar, leading to widespread misidentification. An update on our understanding of lactococcosis and improved methods for identification are urgently needed. To this end, we used representative isolates from each of the three LCB species to compare currently available and recently developed molecular and phenotypic typing assays, including whole-genome sequencing (WGS), end-point and quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), API 20 Strep and Biolog systems, fatty acid methyl ester analysis (FAME), and Sensititre antimicrobial profiling. Apart from WGS, sequencing of the gyrB gene was the only method capable of consistent and accurate identification to the species and strain level. A qPCR assay based on a putative glycosyltransferase gene was also able to distinguish L. petauri from L. garvieae/formosensis. Biochemical tests and MALDI-TOF MS showed some species-specific patterns in sugar and fatty acid metabolism or protein profiles but should be complemented by additional analyses. The LCB demonstrated overlap in host and geographic range, but there were relevant differences in host specificity, regional prevalence, and antimicrobial susceptibility impacting disease treatment and prevention. IMPORTANCE Lactococcosis affects a broad range of host species, including fish from cold, temperate, and warm freshwater or marine environments, as well as several terrestrial animals, including humans. As such, lactococcosis is a disease of concern for animal and ecosystem health. The disease is endemic in European and Asian aquaculture but is rapidly encroaching on ecologically and economically important fish populations across the Americas. Piscine lactococcosis is difficult to manage, with issues of vaccine escape, ineffective antimicrobial treatment, and the development of carrier fish or biofilms leading to recurrent outbreaks. Our understanding of the disease is also widely outdated. The accepted etiologic agent of lactococcosis is Lactococcus garvieae. However, historical misidentification has masked contributions from two additional species, L. petauri and L. formosensis, which are indistinguishable from L. garvieae by common diagnostic methods. This work is the first comprehensive characterization of all three agents and provides direct recommendations for species-specific diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor I. Heckman
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Zeinab Yazdi
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Caitlin E. Older
- USDA-ARS, Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Matt J. Griffin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - Alexander M. Chow
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Isabella Medina Silva
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kelsey M. Anenson
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Julio C. García
- USDA-ARS, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Durda Slavic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathy L. Toohey-Kurth
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Paula Yant
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Heather M. Fritz
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Eileen E. Henderson
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Hugh Cai
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Adkison
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Rancho Cordova, California, USA
| | - Esteban Soto
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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4
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Littman EM, Heckman TI, Yazdi Z, Veek T, Mukkatira K, Adkison M, Powell A, Camus A, Soto E. Temperature-associated virulence, species susceptibility and interspecies transmission of a Lactococcus petauri strain from rainbow trout. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2023; 155:147-158. [PMID: 37706645 DOI: 10.3354/dao03747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Lactococcus petauri is an important emergent aquaculture pathogen in the USA. To better understand environmental conditions conducive to piscine lactococcosis and the susceptibility of fish species, laboratory-controlled challenges were used as models of infection. Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss maintained at 13 or 18°C were challenged by intracoelomic (ICe) injection with 101, 103 or 105 colony-forming units per fish (CFU fish-1) and monitored for 21 d. At 13°C, trout experienced mortalities of 7, 7 and 0%, and bacterial persistence of 0, 20 and 0% in survivors, respectively. When exposed to the same bacterial doses, trout maintained at 18°C experienced mortalities of 59, 84 and 91%, and bacterial persistence of 60, 66 and 0% in survivors, confirming a significant role of temperature in the pathogenesis of lactococcosis. Additionally, the susceptibility of rainbow trout, Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, and koi Cyprinus carpio to infection by L. petauri was compared using ICe challenges at 18°C. Trout and salmon experienced 96 and 56% cumulative mortality, respectively, and 17% of surviving salmon remained persistently infected. There were no mortalities in the other fish species, and no culturable bacteria recovered at the end of the challenge. However, when surviving fish were used in further cohabitation trials, naïve trout housed with previously exposed tilapia exhibited 6% mortality, demonstrating that non-salmonids can become sub-clinical carriers of this pathogen. The data obtained provide useful information regarding temperature-associated virulence, fish species susceptibility, and potential carrier transmission of L. petauri that can be used in the development of better management practices to protect against piscine lactococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Maxwell Littman
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Su FJ, Periyasamy T, Chen MM. Comparative Transcriptomic Immune Responses of Mullet (Mugil cephalus) Infected by Planktonic and Biofilm Lactococcus Garvieae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:887921. [PMID: 35677656 PMCID: PMC9168659 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.887921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is an important pathogen of fish, associated with high rates of mortality and infection recurrence in summer or stressful conditions. Chronic infection and disease recurrence have also been reported to be associated with biofilms. However, the impact of biofilm and planktonic bacterial infection on fish immune responses remains unclear. In this study, de novo sequencing was used to compare differences of the spleen transcriptome in planktonic- and biofilm-infected mullets. Among the 181,024 unigenes obtained, 3,392 unigenes were associated with immune response genes. Comparative analysis of the gene expression between infection with the L. garvieae planktonic type and biofilm type identified a total of 3,120 and 3,489 differentially expressed genes in response to planktonic and biofilm infection, respectively, of which 1,366 and 1,458 genes were upregulated, and 1,754 and 1,458 genes were downregulated, respectively. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of immune genes identified genes involved in the complement system, toll-like receptor signaling, and antigen processing, which were further verified by qPCR. Additionally, genes encoding TLR2, IL-1β, TNF-α, C7, and MHC class II peptides were downregulated in response to biofilm infection. Importantly, the results show that biofilm infection induces a different immune pathway response compared with planktonic bacterial infection and, furthermore, illustrates that the prevention of biofilm formation may be a necessary and new strategy for controlling bacterial infection in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jie Su
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Meei-Mei Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Meei-Mei Chen,
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Swaminathan TR, Nithyanantham SR, Narendrakumar L, Dharmaratnam A, Sood N, Pradhan PK, Sulumane Ramachandra KS, Lal KK. Co-infection of Lactococcus garvieae and Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus cultured in India. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2021; 147:127-140. [PMID: 34913441 DOI: 10.3354/dao03638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) and Lactococcus garvieae are 2 major pathogens of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. In June-July 2018, a disease outbreak was reported in Nile tilapia cultured in brackish water floating cages in Kerala, India. Affected fish died gradually, and cumulative mortality reached ~75% within 1 mo. In the present study, TiLV and L. garvieae were isolated from the infected fish and confirmed. Nucleotide analysis of the partial sequence of segment 3 revealed that the present TiLV isolate showed 100% similarity with TiLV MF574205 and 97.65% similarity with TiLV KU552135 isolated in Israel. The partial 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence of L. garvieae shared 99% similarity with the 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence of L. garvieae isolated from Nile tilapia in Brazil. Eight virulence genes (hly1, hly2, hly3, NADH oxidase, adhPav, LPxTG-1, LPxTG-4, adhC1) were amplified in the present isolate. In the experimental challenge study, the onset of mortality started earlier in fish co-infected with TiLV and L. garvieae (3 d post-infection [dpi]) compared to other groups. Cumulative mortality (90% at 12 dpi) was significantly higher in the co-infected group than in fish infected with TiLV (60% at 12 dpi) and L. garvieae (40% at 12 dpi) alone. This study reveals that synergistic co-infection with TiLV and other bacteria may increase mortality in disease outbreaks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported co-infection of L. garvieae with TiLV associated with mass mortality in Nile tilapia in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaraj Raja Swaminathan
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, CMFRI Campus, Kochi, Kerala 682 018, India
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7
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Soltani M, Baldisserotto B, Hosseini Shekarabi SP, Shafiei S, Bashiri M. Lactococcosis a Re-Emerging Disease in Aquaculture: Disease Significant and Phytotherapy. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8090181. [PMID: 34564575 PMCID: PMC8473265 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8090181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcosis, particularly that caused by Lactococcus garvieae, is a major re-emerging bacterial disease seriously affecting the sustainability of aquaculture industry. Medicinal herbs and plants do not have very much in vitro antagonism and in vivo disease resistance towards lactococcosis agents in aquaculture. Most in vitro studies with herbal extractives were performed against L. garvieae with no strong antibacterial activity, but essential oils, especially those that contain thymol or carvacrol, are more effective. The differences exhibited by the bacteriostatic and bactericidal functions for a specific extractive in different studies could be due to different bacterial strains or parts of chemotypes of the same plant. Despite essential oils being shown to have the best anti-L. garvieae activity in in vitro assays, the in vivo bioassays required further study. The extracts tested under in vivo conditions presented moderate efficacy, causing a decrease in mortality in infected animals, probably because they improved immune parameters before challenging tests. This review addressed the efficacy of medicinal herbs to lactococcosis and discussed the presented gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Soltani
- Freshwater Fish Group and Fish Health Unit, Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil;
| | | | - Shafigh Shafiei
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 64165478, Iran;
| | - Masoumeh Bashiri
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran;
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Assane IM, Prada-Mejia KD, Gallani SU, Weiser NF, Valladão GMR, Pilarski F. Enterogyrus spp. (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalinae) and Aeromonas jandaei co-infection associated with high mortality following transport stress in cultured Nile tilapia. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e276-e287. [PMID: 34406699 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Monogenean infection of the internal organs is extremely rare when compared to external infections. This study describes mass mortality of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) originating from co-infection with Enterogyrus spp. and Aeromonas jandaei following transport stress. The first fish deaths occurred on day 1 post-transport, while cumulative mortality reached approximately 90% by day 10 post-stocking. An atypical amount of pale (whitish) faeces floating on the surface of the water as well as typical clinical signs of motile Aeromonas septicemia, were reported. Adult monogeneans and countless eggs of monogeneans were found in the stomachs and the intestines of both moribund and dead fish, respectively. Two strains of A. jandaei were isolated from the kidneys. Scanning electron microscope microphotographs of the stomach revealed the presence of numerous monogeneans penetrating deep into the gastric tissue, and diffuse lesions filled with bacilliform bacteria. Histopathological examination showed multifocal eosinophilic infiltrate, gastric gland and epithelial necrosis with sloughed necrotic debris in the lumen. This is the first report of co-infection by Enterogyrus spp. and A. jandaei in Nile tilapia and the first report of Enterogyrus coronatus, Enterogyrus foratus, and Enterogyrus malbergi parasitizing tilapia in Brazil. These findings indicate that synergic co-infection by Monogenean stomach parasites (E. coronatus, E. foratus, and E. malbergi) and A. jandaei may induce high mortalities in tilapia following transport stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inácio Mateus Assane
- Post-graduate program in Aquaculture, Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Aquatic Organisms, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Aquaculture Center of Unesp, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Zambeze (UniZambeze), Ulónguè, Tete, Mozambique
| | - Karen Dayana Prada-Mejia
- Post-graduate program in Aquaculture, Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Aquatic Organisms, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Aquaculture Center of Unesp, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Umeda Gallani
- Postgraduate Program in Aquaculture, Nilton Lins University, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Natasha Fernandes Weiser
- Post-graduate program in Aquaculture, Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Aquatic Organisms, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Aquaculture Center of Unesp, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Pilarski
- Post-graduate program in Aquaculture, Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Aquatic Organisms, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Aquaculture Center of Unesp, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology, Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Aquatic Organisms, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Su FJ, Chen MM. Protective Efficacy of Novel Oral Biofilm Vaccines against Lactococcus garvieae Infection in Mullet, Mugil cephalus. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080844. [PMID: 34451969 PMCID: PMC8402525 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae (L. garvieae) is an important pathogen that causes enormous economic losses in both marine and freshwater aquaculture. At present, antibiotics are the only option for farmers to reduce the losses caused by L. garvieae. However, the usage of antibiotics leads to environmental pollution and the production of drug-resistant strains of bacteria. Therefore, vaccination is preferred as an alternative method to prevent infectious diseases. In this study, we describe an effective approach to the production of an oral biofilm vaccine, using bacteria grown on chitosan particles to form biofilms, and thus providing an inactive pathogen that enhances the immune response in fish. We observed the formation of a biofilm on chitosan particles and administered the novel oral biofilm vaccine to fish. We analyzed the immune responses, including antibody production, phagocytic ability, albumin/globulin ratio and immune-related genes, of vaccinated and control groups of black mullet. Our results show that the phagocytic ability of the biofilm vaccine group was 84%, which is significantly higher than that of the control group, and the antibody production in this group was significantly higher compared with the other group. The mRNA expression levels of immune-related genes (TLR2, IL-1β, TNF-α) were significantly upregulated in the spleen after vaccination. In challenge experiments, the relative percent survival (RPS) was 77% in the biofilm vaccine group, 18% in the whole-cell vaccine group, and 0% in the chitosan particle group at 32 days post-vaccination. In addition, we also found that the relative percent survival (RPS) at 1 day post-vaccination was 74% in the biofilm vaccine group, 42% in the whole-cell vaccine group, and 26% in the chitosan particle group. In both long-term and short-term challenge experiments, the viability of the biofilm vaccine group was significantly higher than that of the whole-cell, chitosan particle and PBS groups. We conclude that based on its protective effect, the L. garvieae biofilm vaccine is better than the whole-cell vaccine when challenged several weeks after vaccination. In addition, the biofilm vaccine also has a greater protective effect than the whole-cell vaccine when challenged immediately after vaccination. Therefore, the biofilm vaccine might represent a novel method for the prevention and treatment of L. garvieae infection.
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10
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Bwalya P, Hang'ombe BM, Evensen Ø, Mutoloki S. Lactococcus garvieae isolated from Lake Kariba (Zambia) has low invasive potential in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:721-727. [PMID: 33522610 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Lactococcus garvieae (L. garvieae) was assessed in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) following administration by two different routes of infection (intraperitoneal versus immersion), using 180 fish divided into three groups. The first group of fish was injected intraperitoneally (IP) with 3 × 105 colony-forming units (cfu) of L. garvieae; the second group was infected by immersion (IMM) into water containing 9.6 × 105 cfu/ml L. garvieae, and in group 3 (Control), the fish were injected IP with sterile normal saline. Mortalities were recorded daily, and on 3, 5, 7, and 13 days post-infection (dpi), liver, kidney, spleen, brain and eyes were sampled. The level of infection between groups was assessed by number of mortalities that occurred, pathology/histopathology of internal organs, bacterial re-isolation and presence of bacteria in situ determined using immunohistochemistry. A significant difference (p < .0001) was observed between L. garvieae re-isolation from tilapia following administration by IP injection and IMM. Similarly, more clinical signs and mortalities (p < .001) were observed in the IP group compared to the IMM group where no mortalities were observed. These findings suggest that L. garvieae has a low invasive potential in Nile tilapia with intact skin/external barriers and highlights the importance of maintaining fish without cuts or abrasions under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bwalya
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Samora Machel School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Veterinary and Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Samora Machel School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephen Mutoloki
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Rao S, Pham TH, Poudyal S, Cheng LW, Nazareth SC, Wang PC, Chen SC. First report on genetic characterization, cell-surface properties and pathogenicity of Lactococcus garvieae, emerging pathogen isolated from cage-cultured cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:1197-1211. [PMID: 33759359 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The diseased cage-cultured cobia (Rachycentron canadum) displayed clinical signs, haemorrhagic eyes, dorsal darkness and gross pathological lesions, enlargement of spleen and liver. Haemorrhages were found in brain, heart and liver with cumulative mortality rates ranging from 20% to 50%. Extensive congestion in the heart, liver, spleen, kidney and brain was observed histopathologically. Epicarditis and meningitis were also revealed in diseased cobia. All isolates recovered from the organs (liver, spleen, head kidney, posterior kidney, brain and muscle) of cobia were found to be gram-positive, non-motile, ovoid cocci, short-chain-forming (diplococci) and α-haemolytic. The API 32 strep system together with the polymerase chain reaction assay for species-specific primers (pLG1 and pLG2) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (G1 and L1 primers) confirmed all four selected isolates as Lactococcus garvieae. Partial 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence (~1,100 bp) of one representative L. garvieae isolate AOD109191 (GenBank accession number, MW328528.1) shared 99.9% identities with the 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence of L. garvieae (GenBank accession numbers: MT604790.1). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) evaluation of one representative L. garvieae isolate (AOD109191) and the results of multiplex PCR did not reveal the presence of the capsular gene cluster (CGC), thus categorizing the isolate as the KG+ phenotype. Capsule staining and TEM observations confirmed the presence of a hyaluronic acid-like capsule, a possible virulence factor in KG+ phenotype L. garvieae isolates. The pathogenic potential of the representative isolate (AOD109191) was assessed through intraperitoneal injection challenges in cobia. The gross lesions and histopathological changes found in experimentally infected cobia were similar to those seen in naturally infected fish. This is the first report that confirms L. garvieae-induced 'warm water lactococcsis' can cause outbreaks of diseases in cage-cultured cobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreesha Rao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Trung Hieu Pham
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Sayuj Poudyal
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wu Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Sandra Celenia Nazareth
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Research Centre for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Research Centre for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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12
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Abu‐Elala NM, Abd‐Elsalam RM, Younis NA. Streptococcosis, Lactococcosis and Enterococcosis are potential threats facing cultured Nile tilapia (
Oreochomis niloticus
) production. AQUACULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 51:4183-4195. [DOI: 10.1111/are.14760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen M. Abu‐Elala
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Reham M. Abd‐Elsalam
- Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Nehal A. Younis
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
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13
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Cui M, Zhang H, Li J, Liu R, Wu M, Xu D, Zhang Q. Differential PCR detection of Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by a single primer pair. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:1211-1216. [PMID: 31115073 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ru Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Delin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qizhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Abdelfatah EN, Mahboub HHH. Studies on the effect of Lactococcus garvieae of dairy origin on both cheese and Nile tilapia ( O. niloticus). Int J Vet Sci Med 2018; 6:201-207. [PMID: 30564596 PMCID: PMC6286421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the activity of Lactococcus garvieae of dairy origin against pathogenic bacteria during cheese manufacture and its suitability and safety as a probiotic on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). For these purposes, Lactococcus garvieae isolated from raw cow milk was tested to control the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in artificially contaminated cheese during storage under refrigeration. Also a feeding experiment was conducted on 120 Oreochromis niloticus using a diet containing Lactococcus garvieae as a probiotic bacteria against pathogenic S. aureus. The findings of this study showed that Lactococcus garvieae of dairy origin produced inhibitory substances against pathogenic microorganisms. The selected strain had a good inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus in artificially contaminated cheese during refrigerated storage. Concerning fish experiment, it showed no evidence of disease in fish that were fed a diet containing Lactococcus garvieae, and showed a higher survival rate than others. Further investigations for purification of the produced inhibitory substance and confirming that is a bacteriocin-like substance are needed. Nonetheless, it is the first report of using L. garvieae of dairy origin as a probiotic for controlling the pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus in Oreochromis niloticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman N. Abdelfatah
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44511, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Heba Hassan H. Mahboub
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44511, Sharkia, Egypt
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15
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Ringø E, Hoseinifar SH, Ghosh K, Doan HV, Beck BR, Song SK. Lactic Acid Bacteria in Finfish-An Update. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1818. [PMID: 30147679 PMCID: PMC6096003 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex and dynamic community of microorganisms, play important roles within the fish gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Of the bacteria colonizing the GI tract, are lactic acid bacteria (LAB) generally considered as favorable microorganism due to their abilities to stimulating host GI development, digestive function, mucosal tolerance, stimulating immune response, and improved disease resistance. In early finfish studies, were culture-dependent methods used to enumerate bacterial population levels within the GI tract. However, due to limitations by using culture methods, culture-independent techniques have been used during the last decade. These investigations have revealed the presence of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Carnobacterium, Weissella, and Pediococcus as indigenous species. Numerous strains of LAB isolated from finfish are able to produce antibacterial substances toward different potential fish pathogenic bacteria as well as human pathogens. LAB are revealed be the most promising bacterial genera as probiotic in aquaculture. During the decade numerous investigations are performed on evaluation of probiotic properties of different genus and species of LAB. Except limited contradictory reports, most of administered strains displayed beneficial effects on both, growth-and reproductive performance, immune responses and disease resistance of finfish. This eventually led to industrial scale up and introduction LAB-based commercial probiotics. Pathogenic LAB belonging to the genera Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Carnobacterium, and Lactococcus have been detected from ascites, kidney, liver, heart, and spleen of several finfish species. These pathogenic bacteria will be addressed in present review which includes their impacts on finfish aquaculture, possible routes for treatment. Finfish share many common structures and functions of the immune system with warm-blooded animals, although apparent differences exist. This similarity in the immune system may result in many shared LAB effects between finfish and land animals. LAB-fed fish show an increase in innate immune activities leading to disease resistances: neutrophil activity, lysozyme secretion, phagocytosis, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α). However, some LAB strains preferentially induces IL-10 instead, a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine. These results indicate that LAB may vary in their immunological effects depending on the species and hosts. So far, the immunological studies using LAB have been focused on their effects on innate immunity. However, these studies need to be further extended by investigating their involvement in the modulation of adaptive immunity. The present review paper focuses on recent findings in the field of isolation and detection of LAB, their administration as probiotic in aquaculture and their interaction with fish immune responses. Furthermore, the mode of action of probiotics on finfish are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Ringø
- Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Koushik Ghosh
- Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Bo Ram Beck
- School of Life Science, Handong University, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Song
- School of Life Science, Handong University, Pohang, South Korea
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16
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Shahi N, Mallik SK, Sahoo M, Chandra S, Singh AK. First report on characterization and pathogenicity study of emerging Lactococcus garvieae infection in farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1039-1048. [PMID: 29473318 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
"Warm water lactococcosis" in farm-reared rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) in the northern Himalayan region of India, caused by bacterium Lactococcus garvieae is described in this study. Nine bacterial isolates were recovered from the organs of haemorrhagic septicaemia rainbow trout and were subjected to biochemical and molecular identification. Cell surface characteristics and virulence of the bacterial isolates are also described. All the nine bacterial isolates had homogenous biochemical characteristics and were Gram-positive, short chains forming (two to eight cells long), α-haemolytic, non-motile ovoid cocci. Partial 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence (~1,400 bp) of current isolates shared 99% identities with the 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence of L. garvieae R421, L. garvieae FMA395 and L. garvieae CAU:1730. The identity of the bacterial isolates was further confirmed by PCR amplification of L. garvieae-specific ~1,100 bp fragment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of one representative isolate, L. garvieae RTCLI04, indicates that the isolated strain lacks thick outer capsule and is of KG+ (non-capsulates) phenotype. An intraperitoneal and intramuscular injection (2.6 × 105 CFU ml-1 ) and also immersion in bacterial suspension @ of 2.6 × 105 CFU ml-1 to healthy rainbow trout juveniles (body weight: 27.5 ± 3.7 g) with L. garvieae RTCLI04 caused 80%, 60% and 10% cumulative mortality in challenged fish, respectively, within 15 days post-infection. The haemorrhagic septicaemic disease was reproduced experimentally. Histopathological examination of organs of experimentally infected fish revealed extensive degenerative and inflammatory changes in eye, kidney, gill and liver. PCR amplification of several putative virulence genes such as haemolysins, adhesins, LPxTG-containing surface proteins and adhesins cluster confirms the virulence of our Indian L. garvieae isolates. To the best of our knowledge, we are reporting for the first time that L. garvieae is associated with fatal haemorrhagic septicaemia in farmed rainbow trout in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shahi
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - S K Mallik
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - M Sahoo
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Chandra
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - A K Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
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17
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Osman KM, Al-Maary KS, Mubarak AS, Dawoud TM, Moussa IMI, Ibrahim MDS, Hessain AM, Orabi A, Fawzy NM. Characterization and susceptibility of streptococci and enterococci isolated from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) showing septicaemia in aquaculture and wild sites in Egypt. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:357. [PMID: 29178882 PMCID: PMC5702248 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present investigation was an endeavor into the elucidation of the disease-causing pathogen of streptococcosis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Egypt affecting adult fish cultured and wild fish in the Nile river. Fish were obtained from commercial fishermen, collected as part of their routine fishing activities. The researchers observed the routine fishing process and selected fish for use in the study, at the point of purchase from the fisherman. Results Diseased fish showed exophthalmia with accumulation of purulent and haemorrhagic fluid around eyes, and ventral petechial haemorrhages. The Post mortem examination revealed, abdominal fat haemorrhage, pericarditis and enlargement of the liver, spleen and kidney. Gram-stained smears revealed the presence of Gram-positive cocci, β-hemolytic, oxidase and catalase negative. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed that the 17 tilapia isolates studied were 6/17 Enterococcus faecalis, 2/17 Enterococcus gallinarum, 3/17 Streptococcus pluranimalium, 2/17 Aerococcus viridans, 1/17 isolate of each Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus anginosus, Lactococcus garvieae and Granulicetella elegans/Leuconostoc mesenteroides cremoris. It should be noted that there was no mixed infection. Multiple resistance was observed and the most frequent antibiotic combination was penicillin, ampicillin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, ofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin and tetracycline representing eight classes. Conclusions Consequently, we concluded that Streptococcus species are an emerging pathogen for Nile tilapia aquaculture in Egypt and to be considered as a new candidate in the warm water fish diseases in Egypt with special reference to L. garvieae, S. dysgalactiae in addition to L. mesenteroides cremoris which was not reported before from tilapia and taking into consideration their zoonotic implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamelia M Osman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Khalid S Al-Maary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aymen S Mubarak
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki M Dawoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ihab M I Moussa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai D S Ibrahim
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashgan M Hessain
- Department of Health Science, College of Applied Studies and Community Service, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Orabi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nehal M Fawzy
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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18
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Castro R, Reguera-Brito M, López-Campos GH, Blanco MM, Aguado-Urda M, Fernández-Garayzábal JF, Gibello A. How does temperature influences the development of lactococcosis? Transcriptomic and immunoproteomic in vitro approaches. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:1285-1297. [PMID: 28093775 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is the aetiological agent of lactococcosis, a haemorrhagic septicaemia that affects marine and freshwater fish, with special incidence and economic relevance in farmed rainbow trout. Water temperature is one of the most important predisposing factors in the development of lactococcosis outbreaks. Lactococcosis in trout usually occur when water temperatures rise to about 18 °C, while fish carriers remain asymptomatic at temperatures below 13 °C. The aim of this work was to analyse the differences in the complete transcriptome response of L. garvieae grown at 18 °C and at 13 °C and to identify the immunogenic proteins expressed by this bacterium at 18 °C. Our results show that water temperature influences the expression of L. garvieae genes involved in the lysis of part of the bacterial cell population and in the cold response bacterial adaptation. Moreover, the surface immunogenic protein profile at 18 °C suggests an important role of the lysozyme-like enzyme, WxL surface proteins and some putative moonlighting proteins (proteins with more than one function, usually associated with different cellular locations) as virulence factors in L. garvieae. The results of this study could provide insights into the understanding of the virulence mechanisms of L. garvieae in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Castro
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Reguera-Brito
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - G H López-Campos
- Health and Biomedical Informatics Research Unit, Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M M Blanco
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Aguado-Urda
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - J F Fernández-Garayzábal
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Health Surveillance Center (VISAVET), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Gibello
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Meyburgh CM, Bragg RR, Boucher CE. Lactococcus garvieae: an emerging bacterial pathogen of fish. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2017; 123:67-79. [PMID: 28177294 DOI: 10.3354/dao03083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is the causative agent of lactococcosis, a hyperacute, haemorrhagic septicaemia of fish. This bacterium is also considered an emerging zoonotic pathogen, as reports of human infection are increasing. Significant economic loss in aquaculture is suffered as a result of lactococcosis, as numerous freshwater and marine species of commercial interest are affected. Development of antibiotic resistance in L. garvieae to several chemotherapeutic agents complicates and restricts treatment options. Effective, sustainable treatment and prevention options are thus needed, but progress is impeded by the lack of knowledge concerning several aspects of the disease and the pathogen. This review aims to present the latest research on L. garvieae, with specific focus on pathogenesis, virulence factors, risks associated with chemotherapeutic administration and possible control options.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Meyburgh
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical & Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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20
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Bayliss SC, Verner-Jeffreys DW, Bartie KL, Aanensen DM, Sheppard SK, Adams A, Feil EJ. The Promise of Whole Genome Pathogen Sequencing for the Molecular Epidemiology of Emerging Aquaculture Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:121. [PMID: 28217117 PMCID: PMC5290457 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is the fastest growing food-producing sector, and the sustainability of this industry is critical both for global food security and economic welfare. The management of infectious disease represents a key challenge. Here, we discuss the opportunities afforded by whole genome sequencing of bacterial and viral pathogens of aquaculture to mitigate disease emergence and spread. We outline, by way of comparison, how sequencing technology is transforming the molecular epidemiology of pathogens of public health importance, emphasizing the importance of community-oriented databases and analysis tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sion C Bayliss
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath Bath, UK
| | | | - Kerry L Bartie
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling Stirling, UK
| | - David M Aanensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK; The Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Wellcome Genome CampusCambridge, UK
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath Bath, UK
| | - Alexandra Adams
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling Stirling, UK
| | - Edward J Feil
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath Bath, UK
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21
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Fukushima HCS, Leal CAG, Cavalcante RB, Figueiredo HCP, Arijo S, Moriñigo MA, Ishikawa M, Borra RC, Ranzani-Paiva MJT. Lactococcus garvieae outbreaks in Brazilian farms Lactococcosis in Pseudoplatystoma sp. - development of an autogenous vaccine as a control strategy. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:263-272. [PMID: 27457188 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the control of streptococcosis outbreaks in Brazil, isolated from diseased sorubim and identified as Lactococcus garvieae by genetic sequencing. This report determined the potential for lactococcosis control in sorubim Pseudoplatystoma sp. with two vaccines: an aqueous-based, whole-cell inactivated vaccine (bacterin) and an oil-adjuvanted bacterin. Their efficacy was evaluated at 30 days post-vaccination (d.p.v.) by challenge with L. garvieae, and the antibody production response at 15, 30 and 60 d.p.v. and the non-specific immune response were compared amongst treatments. High protection levels (P < 0.05) were achieved with the oil-adjuvanted vaccine with a relative percentage survival value of 81.7% at 30 d.p.v. Additionally, the oil-adjuvanted vaccine increased the immunogenicity of the bacterin as indicated by greater agglutination antibody titres from 15 until 60 d.p.v. This is the first report of a positive effect of vaccine administration on the specific immunity of sorubim, and the study showed that a specific antibody plays an important role in sorubim defence against lactococcosis because the innate immune responses were similar in all of the studied animals. These results demonstrated that oil-adjuvanted vaccine can be an effective alternative for the protection of sorubim from L. garvieae disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C S Fukushima
- Aquaculture Center, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - C A G Leal
- AQUAVET, Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | - H C P Figueiredo
- AQUAVET, Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - S Arijo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - M A Moriñigo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - M Ishikawa
- EMBRAPA-Environment, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil
| | - R C Borra
- Genetic and Evolution Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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22
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Antibacterial, Anticoagulant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Marine Bacillus cereus S1. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.10.4.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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23
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Gibello A, Galán-Sánchez F, Blanco MM, Rodríguez-Iglesias M, Domínguez L, Fernández-Garayzábal JF. The zoonotic potential of Lactococcus garvieae: An overview on microbiology, epidemiology, virulence factors and relationship with its presence in foods. Res Vet Sci 2016; 109:59-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Barato P, Martins E, Vasquez G, Ramirez M, Melo-Cristino J, Martínez N, Iregui C. Capsule impairs efficient adherence of Streptococcus agalactiae to intestinal epithelium in tilapias Oreochromis sp. Microb Pathog 2016; 100:30-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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CARVALHO E, BELÉM-COSTA A, PORTO JIR. Identificação bioquímica de bactérias patogênicas isoladas de peixes ornamentais no estado do Amazonas. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402015000100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>Os peixes ornamentais da Amazônia são exportados em larga escala para os maiores centros de distribuição e venda de peixes ornamentais do mundo localizados nos EUA, Japão e Alemanha e pelo menos oito espécies destacam-se na aquariofilia. Estas espécies são coletadas no médio e alto rio Negro, no município de Barcelos, no Estado do Amazonas, que responde por cerca de 70% das exportações de peixes ornamentais do Brasil e gera lucros anuais de mais de 6 milhões de dólares. Devido ao intenso comércio de peixes ornamentais na região, importadores de peixes do Amazonas questionaram a sanidade dos animais frente a microrganismos, com destaque para bactérias e vírus causadores de enfermidades. As doenças bacterianas e virais podem ocorrer em todas as espécies de peixes mantidas sob condições de exploração, causando perdas econômicas significativas. Neste trabalho objetivou-se, verificar a ocorrência de bactérias potencialmente patogênicas em peixes ornamentais comercializados e exportados do estado do Amazonas. A caracterização bioquímica de bactérias isoladas em cinco espécies de peixes ornamentais permitiu indicar que os isolados pertencem a espécies de quatro gêneros (<italic>Staphylococcus</italic>, <italic>Nocardia, Acinetobacter</italic>e <italic>Lactococcus</italic>), cujos gêneros bacterianos englobam importantes patógenos causadores de mortalidades em peixes marinhos e de água doce. Embora a biodiversidade Amazônica seja grande, poucos são os trabalhos para investigar essa complexidade, principalmente relacionados à presença de bactérias causadoras de patogenias em peixes ornamentais. Os resultados obtidos demonstram ocorrência de bactérias patogênicas ou com potencial patogênico atuando em diferentes espécies de peixes ornamentais comercializados e exportados do estado do Amazonas.</p>
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Sebastião FA, Furlan LR, Hashimoto DT, Pilarski F. Identification of Bacterial Fish Pathogens in Brazil by Direct Colony PCR and 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2015.56042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Anshary H, Kurniawan RA, Sriwulan S, Ramli R, Baxa DV. Isolation and molecular identification of the etiological agents of streptococcosis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in net cages in Lake Sentani, Papua, Indonesia. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:627. [PMID: 25392797 PMCID: PMC4216822 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Infections with Streptococcus spp. were observed in Nile tilapia cultured in net cages in Lake Sentani, Papua, Indonesia. Clinical signs included exophthalmia, erratic swimming, ascites in abdominal cavity, and external hemorrhages. Four types of bacterial colonies (SK, K10, P20, and M12) were isolated from the brain, kidney, and eyes. Based on phenotypic and genetic (16S rDNA sequencing) characteristics, the isolates were identified as Streptococcus iniae (SK), Streptococcus agalactiae (K10 and P20) and Lactococcus garvieae (M12). The latter species has not been previously isolated or reported from fish streptococcosis in Indonesia. Intraperitoneal injection of healthy tilapia with the bacterial species caused significant morbidity (70%) within 3 days and 100% mortality at 6 days post injection. Experimental infections and reisolation of the bacteria from morbid and dead fish suggest they are the causative agents of streptococcosis, which rendered high mortality among cage cultured Nile tilapia in Lake Sentani. Our results suggest the need for developing diagnostic tools for accurate identification of the agents of streptococcosis. As tilapia aquaculture continues to expand as a means of food production and livelihood in Indonesia, it becomes crucial to ensure that fish resources are monitored and protected from the adverse effects of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Anshary
- Laboratory of Fish Parasites and Diseases, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Rio A Kurniawan
- Fish Quarantine and Inspection Agency Regional Jayapura, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta, Republic of Indonesia
| | - Sriwulan Sriwulan
- Laboratory of Fish Parasites and Diseases, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ramli Ramli
- Fish Quarantine and Inspection Agency Regional Jayapura, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta, Republic of Indonesia
| | - Dolores V Baxa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Avci H, Birincioglu SS, Tanrikul TT, Epikmen ET, Metin N, Avsever ML. Experimental Lactococcus garvieae infection in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792: a comparative histopathological and immunohistochemical study. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2014; 37:481-495. [PMID: 23957738 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to induce Lactococcus garvieae infection in young and adult fish through different routes [intraperitoneal (IP) and immersion (IM)] and to investigate the pathogenesis and histopathological and immunohistochemical findings comparatively. For this purpose, a total of 180 rainbow trout (90 young, 20 ± 5 g and 90 adult, 80 ± 10 g) obtained from a commercial fish farm were used. The fish were divided into eight groups, four experimental groups (Young-Adult IP groups and Young-Adult IM groups, each contain 30 fish) and four control groups (Young-Adult IP Control groups and Young-Adult IM control groups, each contain 15 fishes). The experimental study was conducted using L. garvieae, and confirmatory identification was performed by PCR. The sequence result of the PCR amplicon of 16S rDNA from isolate L. garvieae LAC1 was determined and deposited in the GenBank database under accession number KC883976. Fish in the IP groups were intraperitoneally administered an inoculate containing 10(6) cfu mL(-1) bacteria 0.1 mL. In the IM groups, fish were kept in inoculated water containing 10(8) cfu mL(-1) bacteria for 20 min. Mortality as well as clinical and pathological findings was recorded daily, and significant differences in macroscopic and microscopic results were observed between the IP and IM administration groups. All tissue samples were immunohistochemically stained by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex and immunofluorescence (IF) methods using polyclonal antibody to detect L. garvieae antigens. In immunoperoxidase staining in the IP groups, positive reactions to bacterial antigens were most commonly seen in the spleen, kidney, heart, liver, peritoneum and swim bladder. In the IM groups, bacterial antigens were most commonly found in the eye, gill, spleen and kidney. In the IF method, the distribution of antigens in tissue and organs was similar to the reactions with immunoperoxidase staining. Finally, in this experimental study, an important correlation was seen between the distribution of L. garvieae antigens and lesions developing in many organ and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Avci
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey
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Ferrario C, Ricci G, Milani C, Lugli GA, Ventura M, Eraclio G, Borgo F, Fortina MG. Lactococcus garvieae: where is it from? A first approach to explore the evolutionary history of this emerging pathogen. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84796. [PMID: 24391975 PMCID: PMC3877359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The population structure and diversity of Lactococcus garvieae, an emerging pathogen of increasing clinical significance, was determined at both gene and genome level. Selected lactococcal isolates of various origins were analyzed by a multi locus sequence typing (MLST). This gene-based analysis was compared to genomic characteristics, estimated through the complete genome sequences available in database. The MLST identified two branches containing the majority of the strains and two branches bearing one strain each. One strain was particularly differentiated from the other L. garvieae strains, showing a significant genetic distance. The genomic characteristics, correlated to the MLST-based phylogeny, indicated that this “separated strain” appeared first and could be considered the evolutionary intermediate between Lactococcus lactis and L. garvieae main clusters. A preliminary genome analysis of L. garvieae indicated a pan-genome constituted of about 4100 genes, which included 1341 core genes and 2760 genes belonging to the dispensable genome. A total of 1491 Clusters of Orthologous Genes (COGs) were found to be specific to the 11 L. garvieae genomes, with the genome of the “separated strain” showing the highest presence of unique genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ferrario
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) - Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricci
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) - Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Milani
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Eraclio
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) - Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Borgo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) - Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Fortina
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) - Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Figueiredo HCP, Netto LN, Leal CAG, Pereira UP, Mian GF. Streptococcus iniae outbreaks in Brazilian Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L:) farms. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:576-80. [PMID: 24031866 PMCID: PMC3768829 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822012000200019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first report of outbreaks of Streptococcus iniae in Nile tilapia farms in South America. Seven isolates were identified by biochemical, serological and molecular tests. Their 16S rRNA gene sequences showed 100% similarity with S. iniae ATCC 29178 and two distinct PFGE patterns were observed for Brazilian isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C P Figueiredo
- AQUAVET- Laboratório de Doenças de Animais Aquáticos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, MG , Brasil
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Tejedor J, Vela A, Gibello A, Casamayor A, Domínguez L, Fernández-Garayzábal J. A genetic comparison of pig, cow and trout isolates of Lactococcus garvieae by PFGE analysis. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 53:614-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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