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Tian S, Wang Y, Wan J, Yang M, Fu Z. Co-stimulators CD40-CD40L, a potential immune-therapy target for atherosclerosis: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37718. [PMID: 38579073 PMCID: PMC10994492 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction between CD40 and CD40 ligand (CD40L) a crucial co-stimulatory signal for activating adaptive immune cells, has a noteworthy role in atherosclerosis. It is well-known that atherosclerosis is linked to immune inflammation in blood vessels. In atherosclerotic lesions, there is a multitude of proinflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, and collagen, as well as smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes, particularly the binding of CD40 and CD40L. Therefore, research on inhibiting the CD40-CD40L system to prevent atherosclerosis has been ongoing for more than 30 years. However, it's essential to note that long-term direct suppression of CD40 or CD40L could potentially result in immunosuppression, emphasizing the critical role of the CD40-CD40L system in atherosclerosis. Thus, specifically targeting the CD40-CD40L interaction on particular cell types or their downstream signaling pathways may be a robust strategy for mitigating atherosclerosis, reducing potential side effects. This review aims to summarize the potential utility of the CD40-CD40L system as a viable therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Tian
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Nursing Teaching and Research Office, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Wan
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenkun Fu
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, China
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2
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Cai X, Song S, Hu J, Zhu Q, Shen D, Yang W, Ma H, Luo Q, Hong J, Zhang D, Li N. Association of the trajectory of plasma aldosterone concentration with the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with hypertension: a cohort study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4906. [PMID: 38418472 PMCID: PMC10902285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54971-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term pattern of plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) trajectories and to explore the relationship between PAC trajectory patterns and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with hypertension. Participants were surveyed three times between 2010 and 2016, and latent mixed modeling was employed to determine the trajectory of PAC over the exposure period (2010-2016). A Cox regression analysis was used to examine the association between PAC trajectory patterns and the risk of CVD (stroke and myocardial infarction). Hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and reported. During a median follow-up of 4.10 (3.37-4.50) years, 82 incident CVD cases (33 myocardial infarction cases and 49 stroke cases) were identified. Among all three PAC models, the high-stability PAC pattern exhibited the highest risk of CVD. After full adjustment for all covariables, HRs were 2.19 (95% CI 1.59-3.01) for the moderate-stable pattern and 2.56 (95% CI 1.68-3.91) for the high-stable pattern in comparison to the low-stable pattern. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses verified this association. The presence of a high-stable PAC trajectory pattern is associated with an elevated risk of CVD in hypertensive patients. Nevertheless, more studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Cai
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Ürümqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shuaiwei Song
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Ürümqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Junli Hu
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Ürümqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Ürümqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Di Shen
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Ürümqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Ürümqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huimin Ma
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Ürümqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Ürümqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jing Hong
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Ürümqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Delian Zhang
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Ürümqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Nanfang Li
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Ürümqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China.
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3
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Luo S, Hou H, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang L, Zhang H, Jin Q, Wu G, Wang X. Effects of omega-3, omega-6, and total dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Funct 2024; 15:1208-1222. [PMID: 38224465 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02522e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Background: Uncertainty exists about the link between omega-3 fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acid, and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake and mortality in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) patients, and no meta-analyses summarize the relationship between these various types of PUFAs and ASCVD. Methods: Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO and Cochrane Library up to November 30, 2022 were searched for prospective randomized controlled studies investigating the relationships among omega-3, omega-6, and PUFA intake and mortality and cardiovascular events in ASCVD patients. This study has been registered at PROSPERO (No. CRD42023407566). Results: This meta-analysis included 21 publications from 17 studies involving 40 861 participants published between 1965 and 2022. In ASCVD patients, omega-3 may lower all-cause mortality (RR: 0.90, 95% CI [0.83, 0.98], I2 = 8%), CVD mortality (RR: 0.82, 95% CI [0.73, 0.91], I2 = 34%) and CVD events (RR: 0.90, 95% CI [0.86, 0.93], I2 = 79%). Subgroup analyses showed that EPA or EPA ethyl ester supplementation reduced CVD events, while the mixture of EPA and DHA had no significant impact. Long-chain omega-3 consumption of 1.0-4.0 g per d reduced death risk by 3.5% for each 1 g per d increase. Omega-6 and PUFA had no significant effect on mortality or CVD events, with low-quality evidence and significant heterogeneity. Conclusions: omega-3 intake is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, and CVD events in ASCVD patients, while omega-6 or total PUFA intake showed no significant association. Increasing the omega-3 intake by 1 g per d resulted in a 3.5% decrease in the risk of death. These findings support the recommendation of supplements with omega-3 fatty acids for the secondary prevention of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Hongmei Hou
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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Zhang Y, Jiang C, Meng N. Targeting Ferroptosis: A Novel Strategy for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1262-1276. [PMID: 38284727 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575273164231130070920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Since ferroptosis was reported in 2012, its application prospects in various diseases have been widely considered, initially as a treatment direction for tumors. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis is closely related to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. The primary mechanism is to affect the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis through intracellular iron homeostasis, ROS and lipid peroxide production and metabolism, and a variety of intracellular signaling pathways. Inhibition of ferroptosis is effective in inhibiting the development of atherosclerosis, and it can bring a new direction for treating atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of ferroptosis and focus on the relationship between ferroptosis and atherosclerosis, summarize the different types of ferroptosis inhibitors that have been widely studied, and discuss some issues worthy of attention in the treatment of atherosclerosis by targeting ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Chengshi Jiang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Ning Meng
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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5
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Basiak M, Hachula M, Kosowski M, Machnik G, Maliglowka M, Dziubinska-Basiak M, Krysiak R, Okopien B. The Effect of PCSK9 Inhibition on the Stabilization of Atherosclerotic Plaque Determined by Biochemical and Diagnostic Imaging Methods. Molecules 2023; 28:5928. [PMID: 37570897 PMCID: PMC10421011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial, progressive, chronic inflammatory disease. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are the most accurate predictors of atherosclerotic plaque instability (MRI). Cytokines such as osteopontin, osteoprotegerin, and metalloproteinase 9 could be used as the most recent markers to identify and track the efficacy of anti-atherosclerotic therapy. Patients with USG and MRI-verified unstable atherosclerotic plaque were included in the study. Biomarker concentrations were measured and compared before and after PCSK9 inhibitor therapy. Additionally, concentrations prior to treatment were correlated with MRI images of the carotid artery. After treatment with alirocumab, the concentrations of MMP-9 (p < 0.01) and OPN, OPG (p < 0.05) decreased significantly. Furthermore, the results of OPN, OPG, and MMP 9 varied significantly depending on the type of atherosclerotic plaque in the MRI assay. In stable atherosclerotic plaques, the concentrations of OPN and OPG were greater (p < 0.01), whereas the concentration of MMP9 correlated with the instability of the plaque (p < 0.05). We demonstrated, probably for the first time, that alirocumab therapy significantly decreased the serum concentration of atherosclerotic plaque markers. In addition, we demonstrated the relationship between the type of atherosclerotic plaque as determined by carotid MRI and the concentration of these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Basiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Hachula
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Michal Kosowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Machnik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maliglowka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Robert Krysiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Okopien
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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6
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Al Qarawani OMAS, Kaur P, Vyas M, Sharma S. Atherosclerosis Potential Drug Targets: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:77-91. [PMID: 37888822 DOI: 10.2174/011871529x262041230922043156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global burden of atherosclerosis and its implication to cause coronary heart disease and ischemic cardiac problems is the most prevalent cause of morbidity and hospitalization. In the US, there has been an increase in the number of patients with cardiac problems in the last decade, and still remains the primary cause of death in Europe as well as in the US. OBJECTIVES Even though therapeutic interventions and early diagnosis the formation of the fatty lesion and its subsequent steps are possible, the therapeutic management of the disease remains questionable when clinical data is observed. There is still scope for proper target identification and biomarker recognition, which can serve as a baseline to develop efficient pharmacological agent and delivery systems so that the disease incidence and prevalence can be controlled. The present article highlights the current pathophysiological state of the disease and emerging strategies that are applied to manage the disease. FINDINGS This article gives an insight into the limitations of various conventionally used therapeutic agents for disease treatment. The emerging strategies that could prove efficacious in disease treatment. This article also gives an insight into current discoveries in the field of cellular and molecular biology, such as the genetic role in causing dyslipidemia and the role of immune cells and the role of non-coding small RNA, which can set the future direction to develop therapeutics interventions for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Palwinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144401, India
| | - Manish Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144401, India
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144401, India
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7
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Chen J, Liu D, Wang J, Song W, Ma F. Clinical application of super sensitive microflow ultrasound on the detection of intraplaque neovascularization in patients with atheromatous carotid artery plaque. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2022; 82:283-293. [PMID: 35912734 DOI: 10.3233/ch-221510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a routine technique for detecting intraplaque neovascularization (IPN). However, the invasiveness and complexity of CEUS severely limit its clinical application. This article aims to investigate the application value of AngioPLUS (AP) technique in assessing IPN formation in patients with atheromatous (AS) carotid artery plaque. METHODS Patients diagnosed with carotid artery atherosclerosis combined plaque formation were recruited and their demographic characteristics including serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were collected. AP was used to scoring intraplaque microvascular flow (IMVF), measuring the thickness and length of the plaque and determining the number of IPN of the plaque. RESULTS IMVF score evaluated by AP was positively correlated with plaque length, thickness, IPN number, serum TG, LDL and FBG levels in patients with carotid atherosclerosis with plaque. The evaluation results of CEUS score and IMVF classification detected by AP of plaques were consistent in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION IMVF scoring by AP is a promising approach to assess IPN and plaque status in patients with atheromatous carotid artery plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Wanji Song
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei, China
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8
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Mollahosseini M, Hosseini-Marnani E, Panjeshahin A, Panbehkar-Jouybari M, Gheflati A, Mozaffari-Khosravi H. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials related to the effects of garlic supplementation on platelet aggregation. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4041-4050. [PMID: 36222178 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The increment of platelet aggregation factors has been considered a key phenomenon in atherosclerosis. Studies have shown that garlic (Allium sativum) is associated with a reduction in platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Hence, the present systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effect of garlic on platelet aggregation. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with keywords related to garlic and platelet aggregation were thoroughly searched in electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to January 2021. Moreover, the references of all related articles were screened to discover more relevant studies. The quality of each study was reported based on Cochrane Collaboration's tool. In total, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria from 18,235 identified articles (including 595 participants). Most of the studies assessed platelet aggregation in response to different inducers. Of the 12 clinical trials, six studies depicted the beneficial effect of garlic on reducing platelet aggregation. The summary of the quality assessment indicated that most of the studies had high-quality scores. Regarding the small number of RCTs and heterogeneity between studies, it is impossible to make a proper conclusion about the impacts of garlic on platelet aggregation. Therefore, further precise trials with a standard design are necessary to validate the anti-thrombotic effect of garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mollahosseini
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Elham Hosseini-Marnani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Asieh Panjeshahin
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Monireh Panbehkar-Jouybari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alireza Gheflati
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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9
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Liao M, Chen L, Lu J, Liang G, Yao Y, Ouyang S, Yang Y, Jian Z, Guo S. Connexin 37 Regulates the Kv1.3 Pathway and Promotes the Development of Atherosclerosis. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:2689918. [PMID: 36193415 PMCID: PMC9525889 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2689918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of Connexin 37 (Cx37) and Kv1.3 pathways in atherosclerosis (AS). METHODS ApoE-/- mice were given a high-fat diet to establish atherosclerosis (AS) model, and macrophages in mice were isolated and extracted to transfect Cx37 vectors with silencing or overexpressing, and Kv1.3 pathway blockers were used to inhibit the pathway activity. The indexes of body weight, blood glucose, and blood lipid of mice were collected. The protein and mRNA expression levels of Cx37 and Kv1.3 were detected by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunofluorescence technique. Oil red O staining was used to observe plaque area. Masson staining was used to detect collagen content. The concentrations of chemokine CCL7 were quantified using the ELISA kits. CCK8 was used to detect cell proliferation. RESULTS Cx37 and Kv1.3 were highly expressed in macrophages of AS mice, and the expression of Kv1.3 and CCL7 decreased after Cx37 was silenced, and the proliferation of macrophages was also decreased. Wild-type mice and AS model mice were treated with Cx37 overexpression vectors and Kv1.3 pathway blocking, and it was found that Cx37 overexpression could improve the blood lipid and blood glucose levels and increase the area of AS in AS mice. However, blocking the activity of Kv1.3 pathway can reduce the levels of blood lipid and blood glucose, increase the body weight of mice, and reduce the area of AS mice. Blocking the activity of Kv1.3 pathway can slow down the plaque development of AS mice and make its indexes close to wild-type mice. And the use of Kv1.3 pathway blockers on the basis of overexpression of Cx37 indicated that inhibition of Kv1.3 pathway activity did not affect the expression of Cx37, but could inhibit the collagen content in the plaque area of AS mice, inhibit the expression of chemokine CCL7, and reverse the effect of Cx37 overexpression. CONCLUSION Cx37 can improve the activity of macrophages by regulating the expression of chemokines and the activity of Kv1.3 pathway in AS mice, and enrich macrophages in inflammatory tissues and expand the area of plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, 523000, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, 523000, China
| | - Jiongbin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, 523000, China
| | - Guangzhu Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, 523000, China
| | - Yongzhao Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, 523000, China
| | - Shumin Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, 523000, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, 523000, China
| | - Zhengwei Jian
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, 523000, China
| | - Suxia Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, 523000, China
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10
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Impact of Alirocumab on Release Markers of Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability in Patients with Mixed Hyperlipidemia and Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58070969. [PMID: 35888688 PMCID: PMC9316765 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Atherosclerosis is a disease in the pathogenesis of which plasma factors apart from elevated cholesterol levels play a keyrole. Such factors include osteopontin (OPN), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are factors that may be responsible for the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaque. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of modern lipid-lowering therapy by using proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK-9) inhibitor on the concentrations of these factors. Materials and Methods: The study included people suffering from dyslipidemia who were eligible to start alirocumab therapy. In this group, the concentrations of OPN, OPG, and MMPs were assessed before the initiation of therapy and after three months of its duration. Results: In the study, we observed a statistically significant reduction in the concentrations of OPN, OPG (p < 0.001), and metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) (p < 0.05) after the applied therapy. Moreover, we noticed that in the group of patients soon to start alirocumab therapy, the concentrations of these factors were higher compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results of our study show that therapy with alirocumab significantly reduces the concentration of factors that affect atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability, which may explain their important role in reducing cardiovascular risk in patients undergoing this therapy.
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Impact of PCSK9 Inhibition on Proinflammatory Cytokines and Matrix Metalloproteinases Release in Patients with Mixed Hyperlipidemia and Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070802. [PMID: 35890100 PMCID: PMC9324132 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disorder in which, in addition to high cholesterol levels, several plasma factors play a significant role in its development. Among these cytokines and molecules are interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 18 (IL-18), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), all of which may contribute to the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaque. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of advanced lipid-lowering therapy on the levels of these determinants by utilizing proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK-9) inhibitors in patients with verified high-risk atherosclerotic plaque. Methods: The study involved patients with dyslipidemia who had the presence of unstable atherosclerotic plaque verified by ultrasonography and who were eligible to begin alirocumab treatment. The levels of IL-6, IL, 18, TNF-α, and MMPs were determined in this group before and after three months of therapy. After treatment, a statistically significant decrease in concentrations of Il-18, Il-6, TNF-α (p < 0.001) and MMP-2 (p < 0.05) was observed. Additionally, we observed that the concentrations of these markers were significantly higher in the group of patients prior to initiating therapy than in the control group. Our study’s results suggest that PCSK-9 inhibitor therapy significantly reduces the concentration of factors influencing the stability of atherosclerotic plaque, which may explain their essential importance in reducing cardiovascular risk in patients receiving this treatment.
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Basiak M, Hachula M, Kosowski M, Okopien B. Effect of PCSK9 Inhibitors on Hemostasis in Patients with Isolated Hypercholesterolemia. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092542. [PMID: 35566668 PMCID: PMC9100169 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In addition to reducing plasma lipids, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors may produce numerous nonlipid-related pleiotropic effects. The purpose of this trial was to determine the efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitors alone in patients with isolated hypercholesterolemia. Methods: The trial enrolled 21 individuals with isolated hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis who received alirocumab for 90 days (150 mg every two weeks). Lipids, glucose homeostasis factors, and hemostatic markers were measured in the plasma at baseline and after treatment. Results: The PCSK9 inhibitor administered to these patients reduced plasma levels/activity of fibrinogen (from 3.6 ± 0.5 to 2.9 ± 0.4 g/L, p < 0.01), factor VII (from 143.8 ± 16.7 to 114.5 ± 14.1%, p < 0.01) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (from 74.9 ± 13.9 to 52.8 ± 9.1 ng/mL, p < 0.001) without a significant reduction in von Willebrand factor levels, and it tended to prolong the partial thromboplastin and prothrombin times. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors has a multipotential effect on fibrinolysis and coagulation in patients with isolated hypercholesterolemia and that this medication may have some future benefits in patients who are statin-intolerant or contraindicated to statin use.
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Plasma Concentrations of Cytokines in Patients with Combined Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerotic Plaque before Treatment Initiation—A Pilot Study. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58050624. [PMID: 35630041 PMCID: PMC9143983 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58050624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The formation and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques is a complex process involving several proteins and cytokines. Interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 18 (IL-18), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) are examples of such cytokines. The goal of our research is to compare the concentrations of the above-mentioned indicators in the plasma of patients with verified high-risk atherosclerotic plaque to the plasma levels of healthy people before lipid lowering therapy. Materials and Methods: Patients with dyslipidemia who had the presence of unstable atherosclerotic plaque verified by ultrasonography were included in the study. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α in the plasma of these people were determined and compared with the concentrations of these cytokines in the plasma of the control group. Results: Levels of lipid panel, IL-6 and IL-18 were significantly lower in the group of healthy people than in the study group. Conclusions: The concentrations of IL-6 and IL-18 in the plasma of patients with ruptured plaque are higher than in the plasma of healthy people, suggesting that these cytokines as a panel might be used as new indicators of the presence of unstable atherosclerotic plaque.
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Jebari-Benslaiman S, Galicia-García U, Larrea-Sebal A, Olaetxea JR, Alloza I, Vandenbroeck K, Benito-Vicente A, Martín C. Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063346. [PMID: 35328769 PMCID: PMC8954705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelium activation and, followed by a cascade of events (accumulation of lipids, fibrous elements, and calcification), triggers the vessel narrowing and activation of inflammatory pathways. The resultant atheroma plaque, along with these processes, results in cardiovascular complications. This review focuses on the different stages of atherosclerosis development, ranging from endothelial dysfunction to plaque rupture. In addition, the post-transcriptional regulation and modulation of atheroma plaque by microRNAs and lncRNAs, the role of microbiota, and the importance of sex as a crucial risk factor in atherosclerosis are covered here in order to provide a global view of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifa Jebari-Benslaiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
| | - Unai Galicia-García
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Fundación Biofisika Bizkaia, Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Asier Larrea-Sebal
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Fundación Biofisika Bizkaia, Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Iraide Alloza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Inflammation & Biomarkers Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Koen Vandenbroeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Inflammation & Biomarkers Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Asier Benito-Vicente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.-V.); (C.M.); Tel.: +34-946-01-2741 (C.M.)
| | - César Martín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.-V.); (C.M.); Tel.: +34-946-01-2741 (C.M.)
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COVID-19 and Panax ginseng: Targeting platelet aggregation, thrombosis and the coagulation pathway. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:175-182. [PMID: 35068944 PMCID: PMC8767971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) not only targets the respiratory system but also triggers a cytokine storm and a series of complications, such as gastrointestinal problems, acute kidney injury, and myocardial ischemia. The use of natural products has been utilized to ease the symptoms of COVID-19, and in some cases, to strengthen the immune system against COVID-19. Natural products are readily available and have been regularly consumed for various health benefits. COVID-19 has been reported to be associated with the risk of thromboembolism and deep vein thrombosis. These thrombotic complications often affects mortality and morbidity. Panax ginseng, which has been widely consumed for its various health benefits has also been reported for its therapeutic effects against cardiovascular disease, thrombosis and platelet aggregation. In this review, we propose that P. ginseng can be consumed as a supplementation against the various associated complications of COVID-19, especially against thrombosis. We utilized the network pharmacology approach to validate the potential therapeutic properties of P. ginseng against COVID-19 mediated thrombosis, the coagulation pathway and platelet aggregation. Additionally, we aimed to investigate the roles of P. ginseng against COVID-19 with the involvement of platelet-leukocyte aggregates in relation to immunity-related responses in COVID-19.
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Barregard L, Sallsten G, Harari F, Andersson EM, Forsgard N, Hjelmgren O, Angerås O, Fagman E, Persson M, Lundh T, Borné Y, Fagerberg B, Engström G, Bergström G. Cadmium Exposure and Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study of Swedish Middle-Aged Adults. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:67007. [PMID: 34160297 PMCID: PMC8221368 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The general population is ubiquitously exposed to the toxic metal cadmium through the diet and smoking. Cadmium exposure is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in myocardial infarction and stroke. Atherosclerosis is the main underlying mechanism of myocardial infarction. However, associations between cadmium and coronary artery atherosclerosis have not been examined. OBJECTIVES Our study sought to examine the hypothesis that blood cadmium (B-Cd) is positively associated with coronary artery calcification, as a measure of coronary artery atherosclerosis in the population-based Swedish SCAPIS study. METHODS Our analysis included 5,627 individuals (51% women), age 50-64 y, enrolled from 2013 to 2018. The coronary artery calcium score (CACS) was obtained from computed tomography. Blood cadmium was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Associations between B-Cd and coronary artery calcium score (CACS Agatston score) were evaluated using prevalence ratios (PRs) in models adjusted for sex, age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, low-density cholesterol/high-density cholesterol ratio, and family history. RESULTS The median B-Cd concentration was 0.24μg/L. The prevalence of positive coronary artery calcium (CACS>0) was 41% and the prevalence of CACS≥100 was 13%. Relative to the lowest quartile (Q) of B-Cd (<0.16μg/L), the highest quartile (median 0.63μg/L) was associated with a small but significant increase in CACS>0 (PR 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.3), and a greater relative increase in CACS≥100 (PR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.3, 2.0). When restricted to 2,446 never-smokers, corresponding PRs were 1.1 (95% CI 0.9, 1.3) for CACS>0 (63 cases in Q4) and 1.7 (95% CI 1.1, 2.7) for CACS≥100 (17 cases in Q4). DISCUSSION Blood cadmium in the highest quartile was associated with CACS in a general population sample with low to moderate cadmium exposure. This supports the hypothesis that atherosclerosis is an important mechanism underlying the associations between cadmium and incident cardiovascular disease. The findings suggest that public health measures to reduce cadmium exposure are warranted. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8523.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Barregard
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gerd Sallsten
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Florencia Harari
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva M. Andersson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niklas Forsgard
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Hjelmgren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Angerås
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erika Fagman
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margaretha Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, CRC, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yan Borné
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, CRC, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Björn Fagerberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, CRC, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Peng C, Wu H, Kim S, Dai X, Jiang X. Recent Advances in Transducers for Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Imaging. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3540. [PMID: 34069613 PMCID: PMC8160965 DOI: 10.3390/s21103540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As a well-known medical imaging methodology, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging plays a critical role in diagnosis, treatment guidance and post-treatment assessment of coronary artery diseases. By cannulating a miniature ultrasound transducer mounted catheter into an artery, the vessel lumen opening, vessel wall morphology and other associated blood and vessel properties can be precisely assessed in IVUS imaging. Ultrasound transducer, as the key component of an IVUS system, is critical in determining the IVUS imaging performance. In recent years, a wide range of achievements in ultrasound transducers have been reported for IVUS imaging applications. Herein, a comprehensive review is given on recent advances in ultrasound transducers for IVUS imaging. Firstly, a fundamental understanding of IVUS imaging principle, evaluation parameters and IVUS catheter are summarized. Secondly, three different types of ultrasound transducers (piezoelectric ultrasound transducer, piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer and capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer) for IVUS imaging are presented. Particularly, the recent advances in piezoelectric ultrasound transducer for IVUS imaging are extensively examined according to their different working mechanisms, configurations and materials adopted. Thirdly, IVUS-based multimodality intravascular imaging of atherosclerotic plaque is discussed. Finally, summary and perspectives on the future studies are highlighted for IVUS imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Peng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (C.P.); (H.W.)
| | - Huaiyu Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (C.P.); (H.W.)
| | | | - Xuming Dai
- Department of Cardiology, New York-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, NY 11355, USA;
| | - Xiaoning Jiang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (C.P.); (H.W.)
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Muruganantham S, Krishnaswami V, Alagarsamy S, Kandasamy R. Anti-platelet Drug-loaded Targeted Technologies for the Effective Treatment of Atherothrombosis. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:399-419. [PMID: 33109044 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666201027125303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherothrombosis results from direct interaction between atherosclerotic plaque and arterial thrombosis and is the most common type of cardiovascular disease. As a long term progressive disease, atherosclerosis frequently results in an acute atherothrombotic event through plaque rupture and platelet-rich thrombus formation. The pathophysiology of atherothrombosis involves cholesterol accumulation endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, immuno-inflammatory, and apoptotic aspects. Platelet activation and aggregation is the major cause for stroke because of its roles, including thrombus, contributing to atherosclerotic plaque, and sealing off the bleeding vessel. Platelet aggregates are associated with arterial blood pressure and cardiovascular ischemic events. Under normal physiological conditions, when a blood vessel is damaged, the task of platelets within the circulation is to arrest the blood loss. Antiplatelet inhibits platelet function, thereby decreasing thrombus formation with complementary modes of action to prevent atherothrombosis. In the present scientific scenario, researchers throughout the world are focusing on the development of novel drug delivery systems to enhance patient's compliance. Immediate responding pharmaceutical formulations become an emerging trend in the pharmaceutical industries with better patient compliance. The proposed review provides details related to the molecular pathogenesis of atherothrombosis and recent novel formulation approaches to treat atherothrombosis with particular emphasis on commercial formulation and upcoming technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvakumar Muruganantham
- Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research (CENTRE), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkateshwaran Krishnaswami
- Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research (CENTRE), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugarathinam Alagarsamy
- Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research (CENTRE), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ruckmani Kandasamy
- Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research (CENTRE), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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19
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Relationship between elevated plasma ceramides and plaque rupture in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis 2020; 302:8-14. [PMID: 32387714 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ceramides (Cer) are an atherogenic substance. However, the associations between specific plasma Cer levels and culprit plaque morphology in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients are unclear. METHODS The study consisted of two parallel cohorts. 100 consecutive patients with STEMI were screened as discovery cohort. In the validation cohort, we separately screened 30 normal donors, 30 stable angina pectoris (SAP) and 315 STEMI patients. All STEMI patients underwent emergency percutaneous intervention (PCI) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination for culprit plaque. Based on established diagnostic criteria, STEMI patients were classified into plaque rupture (PR) and plaque erosion (PE) group, respectively. Rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF/MS) was used to evaluate plasma Cer levels of the screened patients. RESULTS STEMI patients had higher plasma Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), Cer(d18:1/24:1) and Cer(d18:1/24:0) levels than normal donors and SAP patients (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Plasma Cer levels were significantly higher in STEMI patients with PR than with PE (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.008 and p = 0.006, respectively). The frequency of PR increased with increasing tertiles of plasma Cer (adjusted p for trend = 0.004, 0.044, 0.021 and 0.133, respectively). The fully adjusted per SD odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for PR were 9.375 (2.496-35.215) for Cer(d18:1/16:0), 3.586 (1.588-8.089) for Cer(d18:1/18:0), 8.171 (1.764-37.857) for Cer(d18:1/24:1), and 3.831 (1.288-11.289) for Cer(d18:1/24:10). CONCLUSIONS The study documented novel, positive and independent associations between plasma Cer concentrations and the presence of PR, suggesting plasma Cer may act as potential biomarkers for PR to improve risk stratification.
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20
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Pan W, Dong H, Sun R, Zhao L, Sun M, Li L, Yu X, Liu J, Wu J, Yang F, Yu B. Plasma Ceramides in Relation to Coronary Plaque Characterization Determined by Optical Coherence Tomography. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020; 14:140-149. [PMID: 32212040 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-09978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasma ceramides (Cer), a subset of bioactive lipids, have mechanistic links to development of atherosclerosis and are related to major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Previous researches have demonstrated vulnerable plaques contribute to acute cardiovascular events and poor prognosis. This study aimed to explore the associations between Cer and culprit plaque characterizations evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT). It was found that plasma Cer are associated with culprit plaque vulnerability evaluated by OCT, providing evidence supporting proatherogenic roles and potential to act as markers for plaque vulnerability of Cer. Graphical Abstract With increasing plasma ceramide levels, the prevalence of thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) and plaque rupture (PR) is higher, that is, culprit plaques are more vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Rong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Longyan Li
- Department of Cardiology, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Unit 962 Hospital, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xianghao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China.
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Kawai K, Fujii K, Shirakawa M, Uchida K, Yamada K, Kawakami R, Imanaka T, Hao H, Hirota S, Ishihara M, Yoshimura S. Comparison of angioscopy and histopathology for the evaluation of carotid plaque characteristics: an ex vivo validation study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 36:231-239. [PMID: 31664681 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-019-01720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intravascular angioscopy is widely used for evaluating plaque characteristics through the plaque color in the coronary artery. This study evaluated whether angioscopy is capable of identifying various plaque morphologies, including necrotic core and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) in the carotid artery. Nine patients underwent carotid endarterectomy for carotid artery stenosis, and these specimens were imaged ex vivo by angioscopy within 6 h. An angioscopic examination of carotid plaque evaluated its color intensity as follows: white, yellow, or red. The IPH area, necrotic core area, and fibrous cap thickness was measured on histological sections at each site. A total of 7 plaques were graded as white plaques, 10 as yellow, and 8 as red by angioscopy. The IPH area and the percent area occupied by IPH were larger in red and yellow plaques than in white plaques (10.7 ± 9.3 mm2, 9.4 ± 7.8 mm2, and 2.2 ± 1.7 mm2, respectively, P = 0.074; and 25 ± 10%, 19 ± 13%, and 7 ± 5%, respectively, P = 0.008). Furthermore, the thickness of the fibrous cap was significantly thinner in red plaques than in yellow and white plaques (128 ± 34 µm, 328 ± 136 µm, and 285 ± 102 µm, respectively, P = 0.002). The ROC analysis for predicting a presence of red plaques identified that the optimal cutoff value of fibrous cap thickness was 181 µm (area under the curve = 0.987, 100% sensitivity, 90% specificity). The prevalence of red plaques on intravascular angioscopy may represent the existence of plaques containing relatively larger necrotic core and IPH with a thin fibrous cap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kawai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Coronary Heart Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kenichi Fujii
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho Nishinomiya, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 6638501, Japan.
| | - Manabu Shirakawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Uchida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Rika Kawakami
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho Nishinomiya, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 6638501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Imanaka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Coronary Heart Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hao
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Hirota
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho Nishinomiya, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 6638501, Japan
| | - Masaharu Ishihara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Coronary Heart Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yoshimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Abstract
The advent of biologic therapy has enhanced our ability to augment disease in an increasingly targeted manner. The use of biologics in cardiovascular disease (CVD) has steadily increased over the past several decades. Much of the early data on biologics and CVD were derived from their use in rheumatologic populations. Atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure have been closely linked to the inflammatory response. Accordingly, cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1 have been targeted. Noninflammatory mediators, such as proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9), have been selected for therapeutic intervention as well. Furthermore, RNA interference (RNAi) therapy has emerged and may serve as another targeted therapeutic mechanism. Herein, we will review the history, obstacles, and advances in using biologic therapy for CVD.
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Maruf A, Wang Y, Yin T, Huang J, Wang N, Durkan C, Tan Y, Wu W, Wang G. Atherosclerosis Treatment with Stimuli-Responsive Nanoagents: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900036. [PMID: 30945462 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the root of approximately one-third of global mortalities. Nanotechnology exhibits splendid prospects to combat atherosclerosis at the molecular level by engineering smart nanoagents with versatile functionalizations. Significant advances in nanoengineering enable nanoagents to autonomously navigate in the bloodstream, escape from biological barriers, and assemble with their nanocohort at the targeted lesion. The assembly of nanoagents with endogenous and exogenous stimuli breaks down their shells, facilitates intracellular delivery, releases their cargo to kill the corrupt cells, and gives imaging reports. All these improvements pave the way toward personalized medicine for atherosclerosis. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in stimuli-responsive nanoagents for atherosclerosis management and its progress in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Maruf
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Tieyin Yin
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Junli Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Nan Wang
- The Nanoscience CentreUniversity of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FF UK
| | - Colm Durkan
- The Nanoscience CentreUniversity of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FF UK
| | - Youhua Tan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
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Zheng CG, Chen BY, Sun RH, Mou XZ, Han F, Li Q, Huang HJ, Liu JQ, Tu YX. miR-133b Downregulation Reduces Vulnerable Plaque Formation in Mice with AS through Inhibiting Macrophage Immune Responses. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 16:745-757. [PMID: 31146256 PMCID: PMC6539412 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by accumulating deposition of lipids in the arterial intima. Notably, macrophages participate centrally in the pathogenesis of this deadly disease. In this study, we established AS mouse models in order to investigate the effect of microRNA-133b (miR-133b) on vulnerable plaque formation and vascular remodeling in AS and explore the potential functional mechanisms. The expression of miR-133b was altered or the Notch-signaling pathway was blocked in the AS mouse models in order to evaluate the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of macrophages. It was observed that miR-133b was upregulated in AS, which might target MAML1 to regulate the Notch-signaling pathway. AS mice with downregulated miR-133b or inhibited Notch-signaling pathway presented with a reduced AS plaque area, a decreased positive rate of macrophages, and an increased positive rate of vascular smooth muscle cells. Moreover, Notch-signaling pathway blockade or miR-133b downregulation inhibited the macrophage viability and migration and accelerated the apoptosis. This study provides evidence that downregulated miR-133b expression may inhibit the immune responses of macrophages and attenuate the vulnerable plaque formation and vascular remodeling in AS mice through the MAML1-mediated Notch-signaling pathway, highlighting miR-133b as a novel therapeutic target for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Gen Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Chun'an First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Chun'an Branch, Hangzhou 311700, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Yu Chen
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Chun'an First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311700, China; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Hua Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Mou
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Jun Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Quan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Xing Tu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China.
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Alsancak Y, Sivri S, Baştuğ S, Bozkurt E. Role of calcium–albumin ratio in severity of coronary artery disease assessed by angiographic SYNTAX score. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.25000/acem.450950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Intraplaque Microvascular Flow Signal in Superb Microvascular Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Carotid Plaque Imaging in Patients with Atheromatous Carotid Artery Stenosis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:3529-3534. [PMID: 30197167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery atherosclerosis is one of the major risk factors for ischemic stroke. Intraplaque neovascularization (IPN) is one of the steps toward the development of vulnerable plaque. Superb microvascular imaging (SMI) is a new ultrasonographic technique for visualizing low-velocity and microvascular flow by clutter suppression to extract flow signals from large to small vessels and enables visualization of intraplaque microvascular flow (IMVF) without echo contrast media. We aimed to investigate the association between IMVF signal in SMI and MRI plaque imaging among patients with atherosclerotic carotid stenosis. We prospectively enrolled patients (>18 years old) with mild to severe carotid stenosis (more than 50% in cross-sectional area) diagnosed by carotid ultrasonography between August 2017 and April 2018, irrespective of sex and history of stroke. A total of 40 patients (31 men, 9 women; mean age, 75.1 ± 10.0 years) were enrolled. SMI revealed IPN findings in 21 patients. SMI clearly visualized the direction of pulsatile flow movement in microvessels and IPN was easily classified into the two types of Type V (n=2) and Type E (n=19). Multivariate logistic regression analysis presented that microvascular flow signal in carotid plaque on SMI was identified as a significant predictor of intraplaque hemorrhage as evaluated by MRI (OR, 8.46; 95%CI, 1.44-49.9; p=0.018). This study demonstrated a significant association between the presence of IMVF signal in SMI and intraplaque hemorrhage characterized by high-intensity lesions on MRI T1-FFE images.
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Huang A, Patel S, McAlpine CS, Werstuck GH. The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Signaling in Atherogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061607. [PMID: 29848965 PMCID: PMC6032052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of global mortality and atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of most CVD. However, the molecular mechanisms by which cardiovascular risk factors promote the development of atherosclerosis are not well understood. The development of new efficient therapies to directly block or slow disease progression will require a better understanding of these mechanisms. Accumulating evidence supports a role for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in all stages of the developing atherosclerotic lesion however, it was not clear how ER stress may contribute to disease progression. Recent findings have shown that ER stress signaling through glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3α may significantly contribute to macrophage lipid accumulation, inflammatory cytokine production and M1macrophage polarization. In this review we summarize our knowledge of the potential role of ER stress-GSK3 signaling in the development and progression of atherosclerosis as well as the possible therapeutic implications of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aric Huang
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L9L 2X2, Canada.
| | - Sarvatit Patel
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L9L 2X2, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Cameron S McAlpine
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L9L 2X2, Canada.
| | - Geoff H Werstuck
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L9L 2X2, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Visonà SD, Benati D, Monti MC, Galiè M, Andrello L, Frontini A, Osculati A. Diagnosis of sudden cardiac death due to early myocardial ischemia: An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. Eur J Histochem 2018; 62:2866. [PMID: 29943950 PMCID: PMC6038110 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2018.2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this post-mortem ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study is to explore the characteristics of acute myocardial ischemia in the context of sudden death, using the combination of two different methods, both more insightful than ordinary histology. Transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, in addition to the traditional histology, were applied to study human heart specimens collected during forensic autopsies. The whole series was sub-grouped into cases (n=17) and controls (N=10). The control group consisted of unnatural death with a short agonal period (immediately lethal injuries). Heart samples of the two cohorts of subjects were prepared for electron microscopy. On the other hand, each specimen, formalin fixed and paraffin embedded, was stained with haematoxylin and eosin and immunoreacted with the following primary antibodies: anti-Fibronectin, anti- Connexin-43, anti-npCx43 (dephosphorylated form of Connexin43), anti-Zonula occludens-1. Immunopositivity for each marker in the myocardium was semi-quantitatively graded. Electron microscopy revealed a number of interesting differences, statistically significant, between acute myocardial ischemia and controls, regarding the morphology of nucleus, mitochondria and intercellular junctions. By immunohistochemistry, fibronectin was found to be increased in the extracellular matrix of the acute myocardial ischemia cases, with a statistically significant difference compared to the controls. Connexin 43 staining disclosed a slight increase (not statistically significant) in the cytoplasm of acute myocardial ischemia cases compared to the controls, whereas no significant differences were seen between cases and controls at intercellular junctions. npCx43 showed an evident difference of intensity and pattern (even though not statistically significant) in cases compared to controls and overall this difference was more evident in the cytoplasm. Zonula occludens 1, described as an important marker for functional modification of cardiac muscle fibers, resulted negative or very weak in the vast majority of both cases and controls. The present study attempts to simultaneously apply electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, in order to figure out the morphological changes that might lead to pathological processes underlying the sudden, unexpected death due to acute myocardial ischemia, and consequently to find useful diagnostic markers of very early ischemic injury. Both methods showed significant differences between acute myocardial ischemia and controls, regarding, overall nuclei, mitochondria, and intercellular junctions.
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Shih CC, Chen PY, Ma T, Zhou Q, Shung KK, Huang CC. Development of an intravascular ultrasound elastography based on a dual-element transducer. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180138. [PMID: 29765694 PMCID: PMC5936959 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The ability to measure the elastic properties of plaques and vessels would be useful in clinical diagnoses, particularly for detecting a vulnerable plaque. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the combination of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and acoustic radiation force elasticity imaging for detecting the distribution of stiffness within atherosclerotic arteries ex vivo. A dual-frequency IVUS transducer with two elements was used to induce the propagation of the shear wave (by the 8.5 MHz pushing element) which could be simultaneously monitored by the 31 MHz imaging element. The wave-amplitude image and the wave-velocity image were reconstructed by measuring the peak displacement and wave velocity of shear wave propagation, respectively. System performance was verified using gelatin phantoms. The phantom results demonstrate that the stiffness differences of shear modulus of 1.6 kPa can be distinguished through the wave-amplitude and wave-velocity images. The stiffness distributions of the atherosclerotic aorta from a rabbit were obtained, for which the values of peak displacement and the shear wave velocity were 3.7 ± 1.2 µm and 0.38 ± 0.19 m s-1 for the lipid-rich plaques, and 1.0 ± 0.2 µm and 3.45 ± 0.45 m s-1 for the arterial walls, respectively. These results indicate that IVUS elasticity imaging can be used to distinguish the elastic properties of plaques and vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Chiang Shih
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - K. Kirk Shung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chih-Chung Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Hedgire S, Baliyan V, Zucker EJ, Bittner DO, Staziaki PV, Takx RAP, Scholtz JE, Meyersohn N, Hoffmann U, Ghoshhajra B. Perivascular Epicardial Fat Stranding at Coronary CT Angiography: A Marker of Acute Plaque Rupture and Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection. Radiology 2018; 287:808-815. [PMID: 29401041 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017171568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the frequency and implications of perivascular fat stranding on coronary computed tomography (CT) angiograms obtained for suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Materials and Methods This retrospective registry study was approved by the institutional review board. The authors reviewed the medical records and images of 1403 consecutive patients (796 men, 607 women; mean age, 52.8 years) who underwent coronary CT angiography at the emergency department from February 2012 to March 2016. Fat attenuation, length and number of circumferential quadrants of the affected segment, and attenuation values in the unaffected epicardial and subcutaneous fat were measured. "Cases" were defined as patients with perivascular fat stranding. Patients with significant stenosis but without fat stranding were considered control subjects. Baseline imaging characteristics, ACS frequency, and results of subsequent downstream testing were compared between cases and control subjects by using two-sample t, Mann-Whitney U, and Fisher tests. Results Perivascular fat stranding was seen in 11 subjects, nine with atherosclerotic lesions and two with spontaneous coronary artery dissections, with a mean fat stranding length of 19.2 mm and circumferential extent averaging 2.9 quadrants. The mean attenuation of perivascular fat stranding, normal epicardial fat, and normal subcutaneous fat was 17, -93.2, and -109.3 HU, respectively (P < .001). Significant differences (P < .05) between cases and control subjects included lower Agatston score, presence of wall motion abnormality, and initial elevation of serum troponin level. ACS frequency was 45.4% in cases and 3.8% in control subjects (P = .001). Conclusion Recognition of perivascular fat stranding may be a helpful additional predictor of culprit lesion and marker of risk for ACS in patients with significant stenosis or spontaneous coronary artery dissection. © RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Hedgire
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H., V.B., N.M., U.H., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (E.J.Z.); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (D.O.B., P.S., J.E.S.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (D.O.B.); and Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (R.A.P.T.)
| | - Vinit Baliyan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H., V.B., N.M., U.H., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (E.J.Z.); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (D.O.B., P.S., J.E.S.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (D.O.B.); and Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (R.A.P.T.)
| | - Evan J Zucker
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H., V.B., N.M., U.H., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (E.J.Z.); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (D.O.B., P.S., J.E.S.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (D.O.B.); and Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (R.A.P.T.)
| | - Daniel O Bittner
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H., V.B., N.M., U.H., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (E.J.Z.); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (D.O.B., P.S., J.E.S.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (D.O.B.); and Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (R.A.P.T.)
| | - Pedro V Staziaki
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H., V.B., N.M., U.H., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (E.J.Z.); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (D.O.B., P.S., J.E.S.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (D.O.B.); and Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (R.A.P.T.)
| | - Richard A P Takx
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H., V.B., N.M., U.H., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (E.J.Z.); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (D.O.B., P.S., J.E.S.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (D.O.B.); and Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (R.A.P.T.)
| | - Jan-Erik Scholtz
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H., V.B., N.M., U.H., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (E.J.Z.); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (D.O.B., P.S., J.E.S.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (D.O.B.); and Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (R.A.P.T.)
| | - Nandini Meyersohn
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H., V.B., N.M., U.H., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (E.J.Z.); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (D.O.B., P.S., J.E.S.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (D.O.B.); and Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (R.A.P.T.)
| | - Udo Hoffmann
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H., V.B., N.M., U.H., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (E.J.Z.); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (D.O.B., P.S., J.E.S.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (D.O.B.); and Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (R.A.P.T.)
| | - Brian Ghoshhajra
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H., V.B., N.M., U.H., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (E.J.Z.); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (D.O.B., P.S., J.E.S.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany (D.O.B.); and Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (R.A.P.T.)
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Halak S, Östling G, Edsfeldt A, Kennbäck C, Dencker M, Gonçalves I, Asciutto G. Spotty Carotid Plaques Are Associated with Inflammation and the Occurrence of Cerebrovascular Symptoms. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra 2018; 8:16-25. [PMID: 29402768 PMCID: PMC5836198 DOI: 10.1159/000485258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Echolucent carotid plaques have been related to an increased risk of ischemic cerebrovascular events. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a new objective ultrasonographic parameter, the statistical geometric feature (SGF), reflecting spottiness of carotid plaques, can be associated with cerebrovascular symptoms and with a rupture-prone plaque phenotype. Methods The plaques of 144 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy were included in this study. SGF and plaque area were estimated by outlining the plaque on ultrasound (US) images. The correlation coefficient for inter- and intraobserver variability was 0.69 and 0.93, respectively. The SGF values were normalized to the degree of stenosis (SGF/DS). The plaques collected at surgery 1 day after the US were analyzed histologically, and inflammatory markers and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were measured. Results Patients with ipsilateral hemispheric symptoms had higher SGF/DS compared to patients without symptoms (0.82 [0.59–1.16] vs. 0.70 [0.56–0.89], p = 0.01). Analysis of plaque components revealed a positive correlation between SGF/DS and the percentage of the plaque area stained for lipids, macrophages, and hemorrhage. A correlation was also found between SGF/DS and plaque expression of interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, vascular endothelial growth factor A, C-C motif chemokine 3 and 20, and MMP-9. An inverse correlation was found with plaque levels of osteoprotegerin. Conclusions The present study supports the concept that spottiness is a feature of the carotid plaques rich in inflammation and can be associated with the typical phenotype of high-risk plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanela Halak
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gerd Östling
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andreas Edsfeldt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Kennbäck
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Dencker
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Asciutto
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Vascular Center, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Hechler B, Gachet C. Comparison of two murine models of thrombosis induced by atherosclerotic plaque injury. Thromb Haemost 2017; 105 Suppl 1:S3-12. [DOI: 10.1160/ths10-11-0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryArterial thrombosis occurs at sites of erosion or rupture of atherosclerotic vascular lesions. To better study the pathophysiology of this complex phenomenon, there is a need for animal models of localised thrombosis at sites of atherosclerotic lesions with closer resemblance to the human pathology as compared to commonly used thrombosis models in healthy vessels. In the present study, we describe and compare a new model of thrombosis induced by atherosclerotic plaque rupture in the carotid artery from ApoE-/- mice using a suture needle to a milder model of ultrasound-induced plaque injury. Needle injury induces atherosclerotic plaque rupture with exposure of plaque material and formation of a thrombus that is larger, nearly occlusive and more stable as compared to that formed by application of ultrasounds. These two models have common features such as the concomitant involvement of platelet activation, thrombin generation and fibrin formation, which translates into sensitivity toward both antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulants. On the other hand, they display differences with respect to the role of the platelet collagen receptor GPVI, the plaque rupture model being less sensitive to its inhibition as compared to the ultrasound-induced injury, which may be related to the amount of thrombin generated. These models represent an improvement as compared to models in healthy vessels and may help identify specific plaque triggers of thrombosis. They should therefore be useful to evaluate new antithrombotic targets.
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Thim T, Götberg M, Fröbert O, Nijveldt R, van Royen N, Baptista SB, Koul S, Kellerth T, Bøtker HE, Terkelsen CJ, Christiansen EH, Jakobsen L, Kristensen SD, Maeng M. Nonculprit Stenosis Evaluation Using Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 10:2528-2535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Parahuleva MS, Euler G, Mardini A, Parviz B, Schieffer B, Schulz R, Aslam M. Identification of microRNAs as potential cellular monocytic biomarkers in the early phase of myocardial infarction: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15974. [PMID: 29162889 PMCID: PMC5698316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA has been increasingly suggested to be involved in vascular inflammation. The aim of this study was to assess the expression profile of miRs as possible novel cellular biomarkers in circulating monocytes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Microarray techniques and TaqMan polymerase chain reaction were used to analyse the global expression of 352 miRNAs in peripheral blood monocytes from healthy donors (n = 20) and patients (n = 24) with acute STEMI. The expression level of miR-143 in monocytes from STEMI patients compared to healthy controls was increased, whereas the expression of miR-1, -92a, -99a, and -223 was reduced significantly. During 3.5 ± 1.5 months of follow-up miR-1 and -223 were back to baseline, whereas miR-92a and -99a return to normal levels over 3 months, but remained lower than healthy controls. Furthermore, monocytic expression of miR-143 was positively correlated with hs-CRP (R2 = 0.338; P < 0.031), but not with cTnT. Importantly, treatment of monocytes isolated from healthy individuals with INFγ, but not LPS or TNFα caused an upregulation of miR-143 and downregulation of miR-1. Our findings identify circulating monocytes as putative biomarkers and as novel carriers for the cell-specific transfer of miRs in the early phase of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Parahuleva
- Internal Medicine/Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany. .,Internal Medicine I/Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Gerhild Euler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Amar Mardini
- Internal Medicine/Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Behnoush Parviz
- Internal Medicine I/Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schieffer
- Internal Medicine/Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Internal Medicine I/Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
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Daugherty A, Tall AR, Daemen MJ, Falk E, Fisher EA, García-Cardeña G, Lusis AJ, Owens AP, Rosenfeld ME, Virmani R. Recommendation on Design, Execution, and Reporting of Animal Atherosclerosis Studies: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Res 2017; 121:e53-e79. [DOI: 10.1161/res.0000000000000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies are a foundation for defining mechanisms of atherosclerosis and potential targets of drugs to prevent lesion development or reverse the disease. In the current literature, it is common to see contradictions of outcomes in animal studies from different research groups, leading to the paucity of extrapolations of experimental findings into understanding the human disease. The purpose of this statement is to provide guidelines for development and execution of experimental design and interpretation in animal studies. Recommendations include the following: (1) animal model selection, with commentary on the fidelity of mimicking facets of the human disease; (2) experimental design and its impact on the interpretation of data; and (3) standard methods to enhance accuracy of measurements and characterization of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Daugherty A, Tall AR, Daemen MJAP, Falk E, Fisher EA, García-Cardeña G, Lusis AJ, Owens AP, Rosenfeld ME, Virmani R. Recommendation on Design, Execution, and Reporting of Animal Atherosclerosis Studies: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:e131-e157. [PMID: 28729366 DOI: 10.1161/atv.0000000000000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies are a foundation for defining mechanisms of atherosclerosis and potential targets of drugs to prevent lesion development or reverse the disease. In the current literature, it is common to see contradictions of outcomes in animal studies from different research groups, leading to the paucity of extrapolations of experimental findings into understanding the human disease. The purpose of this statement is to provide guidelines for development and execution of experimental design and interpretation in animal studies. Recommendations include the following: (1) animal model selection, with commentary on the fidelity of mimicking facets of the human disease; (2) experimental design and its impact on the interpretation of data; and (3) standard methods to enhance accuracy of measurements and characterization of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Dahal U, Sharma D, Dahal K. An Unsettled Debate About the Potential Role of Infection in Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. J Clin Med Res 2017; 9:547-554. [PMID: 28611853 PMCID: PMC5458650 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3032w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Association of infection with atherosclerosis is by no means new. Several sero-epidemiological and pathologic studies as well as animal models have shown a link between infection and atherosclerosis. Exciting discoveries in recent times related to role of inter-individual genetic variation in modulating inflammatory response to infection have reignited the enthusiasm in proving a causal link between infection and atherosclerosis. The purpose of this article was to review and analyze the available evidence linking infection with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udip Dahal
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 50 N Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Dikshya Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Kumud Dahal
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, 1 Illinoi Drive, Peoria, IL, USA
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Hjelmgren O, Johansson L, Prahl U, Schmidt C, Bergström GML. Inverse association between size of the lipid-rich necrotic core and vascularization in human carotid plaques. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2017; 38:326-331. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ola Hjelmgren
- The Wallenberg Laboratory; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Lars Johansson
- Department of Radiology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ulrica Prahl
- The Wallenberg Laboratory; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Caroline Schmidt
- The Wallenberg Laboratory; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Göran M. L. Bergström
- The Wallenberg Laboratory; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Gothenburg Sweden
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Quantified coronary frequency domain optical coherence tomography signal analysis for the evaluation of erythrocyte-rich thrombus: ex-vivo validation study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 33:587-594. [PMID: 28025722 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-016-1038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous study has demonstrated that erythrocyte-rich thrombi contain more inflammatory cells and reflect high thrombus burden, leading to impaired myocardial reperfusion in myocardial infarction. The aim of this study is to investigate the utility of quantified frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) signal analysis in evaluating the erythrocyte-rich thrombus with ex-vivo materials. We evaluated 54 specimens of coronary artery thrombus obtained by thrombectomy catheter from 8 patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The thrombi were immersed in saline immediately after thrombectomy and FD-OCT image acquisition was performed ex-vivo. Quantitative analysis for all contiguous frames was performed by the dedicated automated software (OCT system software, Light Lab Inc.). For the maximum thrombus area, mean signal intensity (MSI) and normalized standard deviation of signal (NSD) was evaluated. All thrombi were stained using double staining of phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin and eosin to enable automatic extraction of erythrocyte from fibrin. Computer-assisted analysis was performed using dedicated image processing software (WinROOF, Mitani Corp., Tokyo, Japan) for color identification of the erythrocyte area. Erythrocyte-rich thrombus, defined as % erythrocyte [(erythrocyte area/total thrombus area) × 100] ≥ 10%, showed significantly lower MSI [4.39 ± 0.24 vs. 4.74 ± 0.35, p = 0.002] than that of <10%. The cut-off point for prediction of erythrocyte-rich thrombus was defined as MSI ≤ 4.56, sensitivity: 87.5%, specificity: 82.9%, area under the curve: 0.836, respectively). The present ex-vivo study suggested the utility of quantified FD-OCT signal analysis on the detection of erythrocyte-rich thrombus.
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Markus B, Grote K, Worsch M, Parviz B, Boening A, Schieffer B, Parahuleva MS. Differential Expression of MicroRNAs in Endarterectomy Specimens Taken from Patients with Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Carotid Plaques. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161632. [PMID: 27631489 PMCID: PMC5025186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Stroke and transient ischemic attacks are considered as clinical manifestations of atherosclerotic disease due to on-going vascular inflammation and finally atherothrombosis of the carotid arteries. MicroRNAs (miRNA/miR) are known to be involved in vascular inflammation and plaque destabilization. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression profile of selected miRNAs in endarterectomy specimen from carotid arteries that were taken from patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic atherosclerotic plaques. Methods and Results 11 miRNAs were selected and their expression was analyzed using real-time RT-PCR. Therefore, samples were divided into three different groups. On the one hand we investigated the expression patterns from patients in asymptomatic (n = 14) and symptomatic (n = 10) plaques; on the other hand we took samples from normal configurated internal mammary arteries (n = 15). Out of these 11 targets we identified some miRNAs, which were up- or down-regulated in either one of the two groups. Interestingly, the expression of two miRNAs was significantly different between asymptomatic and symptomatic samples, namely miR-21 (P<0.01) and miR-143 (P<0.05). Conclusion In the present study, we identified miRNA subtypes which showed different expression in endarterectomy specimen from patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic plaques, suggesting that these miRNAs correlated with advanced vascular inflammation and plaque stability. They may represent new therapeutic targets for vascular proliferative diseases such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Markus
- Internal Medicine/Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Location Marburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Grote
- Internal Medicine/Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Location Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Worsch
- Internal Medicine I/Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Location Giessen, Germany
| | - Behnoush Parviz
- Internal Medicine I/Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Location Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Boening
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Location Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schieffer
- Internal Medicine/Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Location Marburg, Germany
| | - Mariana S. Parahuleva
- Internal Medicine/Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Location Marburg, Germany
- Internal Medicine I/Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Location Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Poulsen CB, Al-Mashhadi AL, von Wachenfeldt K, Bentzon JF, Nielsen LB, Al-Mashhadi RH, Thygesen J, Tolbod L, Larsen JR, Frøkiær J, Tawakol A, Vucic E, Fredrickson J, Baruch A, Frendéus B, Robertson AKL, Moestrup SK, Drouet L, Falk E. Treatment with a human recombinant monoclonal IgG antibody against oxidized LDL in atherosclerosis-prone pigs reduces cathepsin S in coronary lesions. Int J Cardiol 2016; 215:506-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Edsfeldt A, Dunér P, Ståhlman M, Mollet IG, Asciutto G, Grufman H, Nitulescu M, Persson AF, Fisher RM, Melander O, Orho-Melander M, Borén J, Nilsson J, Gonçalves I. Sphingolipids Contribute to Human Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1132-40. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.305675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Edsfeldt
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Clinical Research Centre, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (A.E., P.D., G.A., H.G., M.N., A.F.P., J.N., I.G.); Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund, Skåne, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.A.); Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden (A.E., H.G., A.F.P., I.G.); Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.S., J
| | - Pontus Dunér
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Clinical Research Centre, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (A.E., P.D., G.A., H.G., M.N., A.F.P., J.N., I.G.); Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund, Skåne, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.A.); Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden (A.E., H.G., A.F.P., I.G.); Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.S., J
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Clinical Research Centre, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (A.E., P.D., G.A., H.G., M.N., A.F.P., J.N., I.G.); Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund, Skåne, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.A.); Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden (A.E., H.G., A.F.P., I.G.); Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.S., J
| | - Ines G. Mollet
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Clinical Research Centre, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (A.E., P.D., G.A., H.G., M.N., A.F.P., J.N., I.G.); Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund, Skåne, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.A.); Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden (A.E., H.G., A.F.P., I.G.); Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.S., J
| | - Giuseppe Asciutto
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Clinical Research Centre, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (A.E., P.D., G.A., H.G., M.N., A.F.P., J.N., I.G.); Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund, Skåne, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.A.); Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden (A.E., H.G., A.F.P., I.G.); Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.S., J
| | - Helena Grufman
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Clinical Research Centre, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (A.E., P.D., G.A., H.G., M.N., A.F.P., J.N., I.G.); Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund, Skåne, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.A.); Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden (A.E., H.G., A.F.P., I.G.); Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.S., J
| | - Mihaela Nitulescu
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Clinical Research Centre, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (A.E., P.D., G.A., H.G., M.N., A.F.P., J.N., I.G.); Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund, Skåne, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.A.); Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden (A.E., H.G., A.F.P., I.G.); Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.S., J
| | - Ana Flor Persson
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Clinical Research Centre, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (A.E., P.D., G.A., H.G., M.N., A.F.P., J.N., I.G.); Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund, Skåne, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.A.); Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden (A.E., H.G., A.F.P., I.G.); Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.S., J
| | - Rachel M. Fisher
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Clinical Research Centre, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (A.E., P.D., G.A., H.G., M.N., A.F.P., J.N., I.G.); Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund, Skåne, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.A.); Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden (A.E., H.G., A.F.P., I.G.); Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.S., J
| | - Olle Melander
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Clinical Research Centre, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (A.E., P.D., G.A., H.G., M.N., A.F.P., J.N., I.G.); Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund, Skåne, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.A.); Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden (A.E., H.G., A.F.P., I.G.); Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.S., J
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Clinical Research Centre, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (A.E., P.D., G.A., H.G., M.N., A.F.P., J.N., I.G.); Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund, Skåne, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.A.); Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden (A.E., H.G., A.F.P., I.G.); Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.S., J
| | - Jan Borén
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Clinical Research Centre, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (A.E., P.D., G.A., H.G., M.N., A.F.P., J.N., I.G.); Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund, Skåne, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.A.); Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden (A.E., H.G., A.F.P., I.G.); Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.S., J
| | - Jan Nilsson
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Clinical Research Centre, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (A.E., P.D., G.A., H.G., M.N., A.F.P., J.N., I.G.); Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund, Skåne, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.A.); Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden (A.E., H.G., A.F.P., I.G.); Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.S., J
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- From the Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Clinical Research Centre, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (A.E., P.D., G.A., H.G., M.N., A.F.P., J.N., I.G.); Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund, Skåne, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.A.); Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden (A.E., H.G., A.F.P., I.G.); Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.S., J
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Salvayre R, Negre-Salvayre A, Camaré C. Oxidative theory of atherosclerosis and antioxidants. Biochimie 2015; 125:281-96. [PMID: 26717905 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial process that begins early in infancy and affects all the humans. Early steps of atherogenesis and the evolution towards complex atherosclerotic plaques are briefly described. After a brief history of the 'Lipid theory of atherosclerosis', we report the most prominent discoveries on lipoproteins, their receptors and metabolism, and their role in atherogenesis. The main focus is the 'oxidative theory of atherosclerosis', with emphasis on free radicals and reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and LDL oxidation, biological properties of oxidized LDL and their potential role in atherogenesis. Then, we report the properties of antioxidants and antioxidant systems and their effects in vitro, on cultured cells, in animal models and in humans. The surprising discrepancy between the efficacy of antioxidants in vitro and in animal models of atherosclerosis and the lack of protective effect against cardiovascular events and death in epidemiological study and clinical trials are discussed. In contrast, epidemiological studies seem to indicate that the Mediterranean diet may protect (in part) against atherosclerosis complications (myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Salvayre
- Inserm UMR-1048, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Toulouse-Rangueil, University of Toulouse, France; CHU Rangueil, Avenue Jean Poulhès, Toulouse, France.
| | | | - C Camaré
- Inserm UMR-1048, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Toulouse-Rangueil, University of Toulouse, France; CHU Rangueil, Avenue Jean Poulhès, Toulouse, France
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Bergström G, Fagerberg B, Sallsten G, Lundh T, Barregard L. Is cadmium exposure associated with the burden, vulnerability and rupture of human atherosclerotic plaques? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121240. [PMID: 25816093 PMCID: PMC4376860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The general population is exposed to cadmium from food and smoking. Cadmium is a widely spread toxic pollutant that seems to be associated with cardiovascular diseases, although little is known if it contributes to the occurrence of atherosclerotic plaques and the process whereby plaques become vulnerable and are prone to rupture. We tested the hypotheses that cadmium exposure is associated not only with an increased subclinical burden of atherosclerotic plaques in different vascular territories and early signs of plaque vulnerability, but also with cadmium content and plaque-rupture in the clinical phase of the disease. Ultrasound technique was used to measure plaque prevalence and echogenicity in the carotid and femoral arteries in a population sample of women (n = 599) in whom blood cadmium was measured. In addition cadmium was measured in snap-frozen endarterectomies and whole blood obtained from patients who were referred to surgery because of symptomatic carotid plaques (n = 37). Sixteen endarterectomies were divided into three parts corresponding to different flow conditions and plaque vulnerability. In the population sample blood cadmium was associated with the number of vascular territories with plaques (p = 0.003 after adjustment for potential confounders). The cadmium concentrations in symptomatic plaques were 50-fold higher in plaque tissue than in blood. Cadmium levels in blood and plaque correlated, also after adjustment for smoking and other cardiovascular risk factors (p<0.001). Compared with the other parts of the plaque, the cadmium content was double as high in the part where plaque rupture usually occurs. In conclusion, the results show that cadmium exposure is associated with the burden of subclinical atherosclerosis in middle-aged women with different degrees of glucose tolerance, and that the content of cadmium in symptomatic plaques in patients is related to that in blood, but much higher, and preferentially located in the part of plaque where rupture often occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran Bergström
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Fagerberg
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Gerd Sallsten
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Barregard
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kurtul A, Murat SN, Yarlioglues M, Duran M, Ocek AH, Koseoglu C, Celık IE, Kilic A, Aksoy O. Usefulness of Serum Albumin Concentration to Predict High Coronary SYNTAX Score and In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome. Angiology 2015; 67:34-40. [PMID: 25783433 DOI: 10.1177/0003319715575220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
High SYNTAX score is a predictor of adverse cardiovascular events, including mortality, in acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). Decreased serum albumin (SA) concentration is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. We aimed to investigate whether SA levels at admission are associated with high SYNTAX score and in-hospital mortality in patients with ACS. The study included 1303 patients with ACS who underwent coronary angiography (CA). The patients were divided into 2 groups as high SYNTAX score (≥33) and lower SYNTAX score (≤32). Baseline SA levels were significantly lower in patients with high SYNTAX score than with lower SYNTAX score (3.46 ± 0.42 mg/dL vs 3.97±0.37 mg/dL, respectively; P < .001). On multivariate logistic regression, SA (<3.65 mg/dL) was an independent predictor of high SYNTAX score (odds ratio 4.329, 95% confidence interval 2.028-8.264; P < .001) together with admission glucose, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and left ventricular ejection fraction. In Cox regression analyses, systolic blood pressure, high SYNTAX score, and SA (<3.65 mg/dL) were found as independent predictors of in-hospital all-cause mortality. In conclusion, SA concentration on admission is inversely associated with high SYNTAX score and in-hospital mortality in ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alparslan Kurtul
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sani Namik Murat
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mikail Yarlioglues
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Duran
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adil Hakan Ocek
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemal Koseoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Etem Celık
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Kilic
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Aksoy
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Imola F, Mallus MT, Ramazzotti V, Manzoli A, Di Vito L, Occhipinti M, Cremonesi A, Arbustini E, Prati F, Albertucci M. Quantification of manual thrombus removal in patients with acute coronary syndromes. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2015; 16:204-12. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Gray et al 1 describe studies to examine smooth muscle cell (SMC)-selective effects of acceleration or inhibition of double-strand DNA break repair on atherosclerotic lesion phenotype in the ApoE-/- mouse model. Markers of the DNA damage response (DDR) and expression of DNA repair enzymes are both significantly elevated in human atherosclerotic plaques as compared with non-atherosclerotic mammary arteries,2 and are also increased in experimental models of atherosclerosis, a process that can be reversed by dietary lipid lowering.3 The report by Gray et al 1 provides important insights into the specific contribution of SMCs to plaque phenotype when the DDR is manipulated in vivo . While complementary analyses of double-strand DNA break repair in other major cell types within atherosclerotic lesions are needed, data from the studies by Gray et al 1 suggest the possibility of harnessing atheroprotective features of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase,4 , 5 a primary initiator of the DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Razani
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Departments of Medicine and Pathology/Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (B.R.); and Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (E.W.R.).
| | - Elaine W Raines
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Departments of Medicine and Pathology/Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (B.R.); and Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (E.W.R.).
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Sovershaev TA, Egorina EM, Unruh D, Bogdanov VY, Hansen JB, Sovershaev MA. BMP-7 induces TF expression in human monocytes by increasing F3 transcriptional activity. Thromb Res 2014; 135:398-403. [PMID: 25533127 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7, a major regulator of bone metabolism, inhibits ectopic calcification in atherosclerotic plaques. We have recently reported that BMP-7 is also a potent inducer of tissue factor (TF) in human mononuclear cells (MNCs). While nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB) and activation protein-1 (AP-1) are the transcription factors essential for inducible expression of human TF gene (F3), the mechanisms responsible for TF induction by BMP-7 are not known. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing BMP-7-triggered TF expression in human MNCs. METHODS Human blood monocytes were stimulated with BMP-7 and western blotting, qRT-PCR, and flow cytometry studies were carried out to assess F3 expression; promoter studies were also performed using a panel of reporter constructs. Procoagulant TF activity was measured using a validated FXa generation assay. The significance of NF-kB transcriptional activity was verified via pharmacological inhibition. RESULTS BMP-7 increased TF protein levels, procoagulant activity, surface presentation, and TF mRNA expression. This increase was accompanied by activation of NF-kB as evidenced by reduced IkB-α levels and elevated transcriptional activity of an NF-kB-sensitive reporter in transfected MNCs. Although treatment with BMP-7 also led to a strong phosphorylation of c-Jun, activation of AP-1 alone was not sufficient to induce TF expression: JSH-23, a potent and specific NF-kB inhibitor, completely blocked BMP-7-induced TF expression. CONCLUSIONS We report that BMP-7-dependent activation of TF in human MNCs is mediated via increased activity of NF-kB, leading to enhanced F3 transcription in human MNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Sovershaev
- K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis and Expertise Centre (TREC), Tromsø, Norway; Hematological Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - E M Egorina
- Section for Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of North Norway, N-9038, Tromsø, Norway
| | - D Unruh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - V Y Bogdanov
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - J B Hansen
- K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis and Expertise Centre (TREC), Tromsø, Norway; Hematological Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway; Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, N-9038, Tromsø, Norway
| | - M A Sovershaev
- Hematological Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway; Section for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Northern Norway, N-9038, Tromsø, Norway
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Coronary thrombi neovascularization in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction - clinical and angiographic implications. Thromb Res 2014; 134:1038-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Johansson ME, Zhang XY, Edfeldt K, Lundberg AM, Levin MC, Borén J, Li W, Yuan XM, Folkersen L, Eriksson P, Hedin U, Low H, Sviridov D, Rios FJ, Hansson GK, Yan ZQ. Innate immune receptor NOD2 promotes vascular inflammation and formation of lipid-rich necrotic cores in hypercholesterolemic mice. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:3081-92. [PMID: 25042478 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease associated with the activation of innate immune TLRs and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein (NOD)-like receptor pathways. However, the function of most innate immune receptors in atherosclerosis remains unclear. Here, we show that NOD2 is a crucial innate immune receptor influencing vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis severity. 10-week stimulation with muramyl dipeptide (MDP), the NOD2 cognate ligand, aggravated atherosclerosis, as indicated by the augmented lesion burden, increased vascular inflammation and enlarged lipid-rich necrotic cores in Ldlr(-/-) mice. Myeloid-specific ablation of NOD2, but not its downstream kinase, receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2, restrained the expansion of the lipid-rich necrotic core in Ldlr(-/-) chimeric mice. In vitro stimulation of macrophages with MDP enhanced the uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and impaired cholesterol efflux in concordance with upregulation of scavenger receptor A1/2 and downregulation of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Ex vivo stimulation of human carotid plaques with MDP led to increased activation of inflammatory signaling pathways p38 MAPK and NF-κB-mediated release of proinflammatory cytokines. Altogether, this study suggests that NOD2 contributes to the expansion of the lipid-rich necrotic core and promotes vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Johansson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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