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Day NB, Orear CR, Velazquez-Albino AC, Good HJ, Melnyk A, Rinaldi-Ramos CM, Shields CW. Magnetic Cellular Backpacks for Spatial Targeting, Imaging, and Immunotherapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:4843-4855. [PMID: 38048258 PMCID: PMC11147956 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) therapies are growing in popularity due to their ability to interact with diseased tissues in a specific manner. Disc-shaped particles, or "backpacks", that bind to cellular surfaces show promise for augmenting the therapeutic potential of adoptively transferred cells by resisting phagocytosis and locally releasing drugs to maintain cellular activity over time. However, many ACTs suffer from limited tumor infiltration and retention and lack a method for real-time spatial analysis. Therefore, we have designed biodegradable backpacks loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) to improve upon current ACT strategies by (i) controlling the localization of cell-backpack complexes using gradient magnetic fields and (ii) enabling magnetic particle imaging (MPI) to track complexes after injection. We show that magnetic backpacks bound to macrophages and loaded with a proinflammatory drug, resiquimod, maintain anticancer phenotypes of carrier macrophages for 5 days and create cytokine "factories" that continuously release IL-12. Furthermore, we establish that forces generated by gradient magnet fields are sufficient to displace cell-backpack complexes in physiological settings. Finally, we demonstrate that MPI can be used to visualize cell-backpack complexes in mouse tumors, enabling a potential strategy to track the biodistribution of ACTs in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole B. Day
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303, United States
| | - Christopher R. Orear
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303, United States
| | | | - Hayden J. Good
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611, United States
| | - Andrii Melnyk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611, United States
| | - Carlos M. Rinaldi-Ramos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611, United States
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611, United States
| | - C. Wyatt Shields
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303, United States
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2
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Audun Klingen T, Chen Y, Aas H, Akslen LA. DDR2 expression in breast cancer is associated with blood vessel invasion, basal-like tumors, tumor associated macrophages, regulatory T cells, detection mode and prognosis. Hum Pathol 2024; 150:29-35. [PMID: 38914168 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 (DDR2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase for collagen, stimulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stiffness in breast cancer. Here, we investigated levels of DDR2 in breast tumor cells in relation to vascular invasion, TIL subsets, macrophages, molecular tumor subtypes, modes of detection and prognosis. This retrospective, population-based series of invasive breast carcinomas from the Norwegian Screening Program in Vestfold County (Norway), period 2004-2009, included 200 screening patients and 82 cases detected in screening intervals. DDR2 was examined on core needle biopsies using a semi-quantitative, immunohistochemical staining index and dichotomized as low or high DDR2 expression. Counts of macrophages and TIL subsets were dichotomized based on immunohistochemistry using TMA. We also recorded blood or lymphatic vessel invasion (BVI or LVI) as present or absent by immunohistochemistry. High expression of DDR2 in tumor cells showed significant relation with high counts of CD163+ macrophages (p < 0.001) and FOXP3 TILs (p = 0.011), presence of BVI (p = 0.028), high tumor cell proliferation by Ki67 (p = 0.033), ER negativity (p = 0.001), triple-negative cases (p = 0.038), basal-like features (p < 0.001) as well as interval detection (p < 0.001). By multivariate analysis, high DDR2 expression was related to reduced recurrence-free survival (HR, 2.3, p = 0.017), when examined together with histologic grading, lymph node assessment, tumor diameter, BVI, and molecular tumor subtype. This study supports a link between high DDR2 expression, high counts of macrophages by CD163 (tumor associated) and regulatory T cells by FOXP3 together with the presence of BVI, possibly indicating increased tumor motility and intravasation in aggressive breast tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Female
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Retrospective Studies
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages/immunology
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages/pathology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Middle Aged
- Immunohistochemistry
- Discoidin Domain Receptor 2
- Aged
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Norway
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Antigens, CD
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Biopsy, Large-Core Needle
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/analysis
- Macrophages/pathology
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Audun Klingen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Norway.
| | - Ying Chen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of pathology, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Norway.
| | - Hans Aas
- Department of Surgery, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Norway.
| | - Lars A Akslen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway.
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3
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Qiu Y, Gao T, Smith BR. Mechanical deformation and death of circulating tumor cells in the bloodstream. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10198-3. [PMID: 38980581 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The circulation of tumor cells through the bloodstream is a significant step in tumor metastasis. To better understand the metastatic process, circulating tumor cell (CTC) survival in the circulation must be explored. While immune interactions with CTCs in recent decades have been examined, research has yet to sufficiently explain some CTC behaviors in blood flow. Studies related to CTC mechanical responses in the bloodstream have recently been conducted to further study conditions under which CTCs might die. While experimental methods can assess the mechanical properties and death of CTCs, increasingly sophisticated computational models are being built to simulate the blood flow and CTC mechanical deformation under fluid shear stresses (FSS) in the bloodstream.Several factors contribute to the mechanical deformation and death of CTCs as they circulate. While FSS can damage CTC structure, diverse interactions between CTCs and blood components may either promote or hinder the next metastatic step-extravasation at a remote site. Overall understanding of how these factors influence the deformation and death of CTCs could serve as a basis for future experiments and simulations, enabling researchers to predict CTC death more accurately. Ultimately, these efforts can lead to improved metastasis-specific therapeutics and diagnostics specific in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiu Qiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- The Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Tong Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Bryan Ronain Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- The Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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4
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Yoshida C, Chang SS, Okamoto T, Inada R. Recurrence-free survival curve for pulmonary metastasectomy in colorectal cancer plateaus at 3 years. Updates Surg 2024:10.1007/s13304-024-01874-8. [PMID: 38801601 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-024-01874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary metastasectomy in colorectal cancer (CRC) has encouraging results; however, specific criteria for lung resection and the timing of resection remain undetermined. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the long-term prognosis and 10-year survival rates and analyze poor prognostic factors in patients who underwent resection of pulmonary metastases from CRC. This retrospective, single-institution study included 156 patients with controlled primary CRC and metastases confined to the lungs or liver who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy between 2005 and 2022. Statistical analyses were conducted using the X2 and two-tailed Student's t test to compare variables. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the appropriate cut-off point for tumor size as a predictive factor of survival. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and non-parametric group comparisons were performed using log-rank tests. The 5- and 10-year OS rates were 67% and 59%, respectively. Further, there was no recurrence 38 months post-surgery, and the RFS curve plateaued. Moreover, by 88 months post-surgery, no deaths occurred, and the OS curve plateaued. Multivariate analysis revealed that a pulmonary metastatic tumor >14 mm and disease-free interval <2 years indicated poor prognosis. The RFS curve for pulmonary metastasectomy may plateau approximately 3 years after surgery. Pulmonary metastasectomy can achieve long-term survival in selected patients with CRC. Furthermore, surgical resection of recurrence after pulmonary metastasectomy may lead to better results. Thus, tumor size and disease-free interval may be independent prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Yoshida
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, 2125-1 Ike, Kochi City, Kochi, 781-8555, Japan.
| | - Sung Soo Chang
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, 2125-1 Ike, Kochi City, Kochi, 781-8555, Japan
| | - Taku Okamoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, 2125-1 Ike, Kochi City, Kochi, 781-8555, Japan
| | - Ryo Inada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, Kochi City, Kochi, Japan
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5
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Surve CR, Duran CL, Ye X, Chen X, Lin Y, Harney AS, Wang Y, Sharma VP, Stanley ER, Cox D, McAuliffe JC, Entenberg D, Oktay MH, Condeelis JS. Signaling events at TMEM doorways provide potential targets for inhibiting breast cancer dissemination. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.08.574676. [PMID: 38260319 PMCID: PMC10802469 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.08.574676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Tumor cell intravasation is essential for metastatic dissemination, but its exact mechanism is incompletely understood. We have previously shown that in breast cancer, the direct and stable association of a tumor cell expressing Mena, a Tie2hi/VEGFhi macrophage, and a vascular endothelial cell, creates an intravasation portal, called a "tumor microenvironment of metastasis" (TMEM) doorway, for tumor cell intravasation, leading to dissemination to distant sites. The density of TMEM doorways, also called TMEM doorway score, is a clinically validated prognostic marker of distant metastasis in breast cancer patients. Although we know that tumor cells utilize TMEM doorway-associated transient vascular openings to intravasate, the precise signaling mechanisms involved in TMEM doorway function are only partially understood. Using two mouse models of breast cancer and an in vitro assay of intravasation, we report that CSF-1 secreted by the TMEM doorway tumor cell stimulates local secretion of VEGF-A from the Tie2hi TMEM doorway macrophage, leading to the dissociation of endothelial junctions between TMEM doorway associated endothelial cells, supporting tumor cell intravasation. Acute blockade of CSF-1R signaling decreases macrophage VEGF-A secretion as well as TMEM doorway-associated vascular opening, tumor cell trans-endothelial migration, and dissemination. These new insights into signaling events regulating TMEM doorway function should be explored further as treatment strategies for metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay R. Surve
- Integrated Imaging Program for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Camille L. Duran
- Integrated Imaging Program for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Xianjun Ye
- Integrated Imaging Program for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Allison S. Harney
- Integrated Imaging Program for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Yarong Wang
- Integrated Imaging Program for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ved P. Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - E. Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Dianne Cox
- Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - John C. McAuliffe
- Integrated Imaging Program for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - David Entenberg
- Integrated Imaging Program for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Maja H. Oktay
- Integrated Imaging Program for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - John S. Condeelis
- Integrated Imaging Program for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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6
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Hey S, Wiesner C, Barcelona B, Linder S. KIF16B drives MT1-MMP recycling in macrophages and promotes co-invasion of cancer cells. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302158. [PMID: 37696580 PMCID: PMC10494930 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP is a central effector of cellular proteolysis. Accordingly, regulation of the surface-localized pool of MT1-MMP is crucial for cell migration and invasion. Here, we identify the superprocessive kinesin KIF16B as a major driver of fast recycling of MT1-MMP to the surface of primary human macrophages. KIF16B associates with MT1-MMP on Rab14-positive vesicles, and its depletion results in strongly reduced MT1-MMP surface levels, as shown by microscopical, biochemical, and cell-sorting approaches. As a consequence, KIF16B-depleted macrophages exhibit strongly reduced matrix degradation and invasion. We further identify the cargo-binding C-terminus of KIF16B as a critical element of MT1-MMP transport, as its overexpression uncouples MT1-MMP vesicles from the endogenous motor, thus leading to a reduction of surface-associated MT1-MMP and to reduced matrix degradation and invasion. Importantly, depletion of KIF16B in primary macrophages also reduces the co-invasion of cancer cells from tumor spheroids, pointing to the KIF16B-driven recycling pathway in macrophages as an important regulatory element of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Hey
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Wiesner
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bryan Barcelona
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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7
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CTC-5: A novel digital pathology approach to characterise circulating tumour cell biodiversity. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13044. [PMID: 36747925 PMCID: PMC9898658 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic progression and tumor evolution complicates the clinical management of cancer patients. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) characterization is a growing discipline that aims to elucidate tumor metastasis and evolution processes. CTCs offer the clinical potential to monitor cancer patients for therapy response, disease relapse, and screen 'at risk' groups for the onset of malignancy. However, such clinical utility is currently limited to breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer patients. Further understanding of the basic CTC biology of other malignancies is required to progress them towards clinical utility. Unfortunately, such basic clinical research is often limited by restrictive characterization methods and high-cost barrier to entry for CTC isolation and imaging infrastructure. As experimental clinical results on applications of CTC are accumulating, it is becoming clear that a two-tier system of CTC isolation and characterization is required. The first tier is to facilitate basic research into CTC characterization. This basic research then informs a second tier specialised in clinical prognostic and diagnostic testing. This study presented in this manuscript describes the development and application of a low-cost, CTC isolation and characterization pipeline; CTC-5. This approach uses an established 'isolation by size' approach (ScreenCell Cyto) and combines histochemical morphology stains and multiparametric immunofluorescence on the same isolated CTCs. This enables capture and characterization of CTCs independent of biomarker-based pre-selection and accommodates both single CTCs and clusters of CTCs. Additionally, the developed open-source software is provided to facilitate the synchronization of microscopy data from multiple sources (https://github.com/CTC5/). This enables high parameter histochemical and immunofluorescent analysis of CTCs with existing microscopy infrastructure without investment in CTC specific imaging hardware. Our approach confirmed by the number of successful tests represents a potential major advance towards highly accessible low-cost technology aiming at the basic research tier of CTC isolation and characterization. The biomarker independent approach facilitates closing the gap between malignancies with poorly, and well-defined CTC phenotypes. As is currently the case for some of the most commonly occurring breast, prostate and colorectal cancers, such advances will ultimately benefit the patient, as early detection of relapse or onset of malignancy strongly correlates with their prognosis.
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8
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Schuster E, Taftaf R, Reduzzi C, Albert MK, Romero-Calvo I, Liu H. Better together: circulating tumor cell clustering in metastatic cancer. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:1020-1032. [PMID: 34481763 PMCID: PMC8541931 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are vital components of liquid biopsies for diagnosis of residual cancer, monitoring of therapy response, and prognosis of recurrence. Scientific dogma focuses on metastasis mediated by single CTCs, but advancement of CTC detection technologies has elucidated multicellular CTC clusters, which are associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes and a 20- to 100-fold greater metastatic potential than single CTCs. While the mechanistic understanding of CTC cluster formation is still in its infancy, multiple cell adhesion molecules and tight junction proteins have been identified that underlie the outperforming attributes of homotypic and heterotypic CTC clusters, such as cell survival, cancer stemness, and immune evasion. Future directions include high-resolution characterization of CTCs at multiomic levels for diagnostic/prognostic evaluations and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Schuster
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rokana Taftaf
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carolina Reduzzi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mary K Albert
- Biomedical Visualization Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical and Health Information Sciences, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Isabel Romero-Calvo
- Biomedical Visualization Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical and Health Information Sciences, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Huiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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9
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Izraely S, Witz IP. Site-specific metastasis: A cooperation between cancer cells and the metastatic microenvironment. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:1308-1322. [PMID: 32761606 PMCID: PMC7891572 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The conclusion derived from the information provided in this review is that disseminating tumor cells (DTC) collaborate with the microenvironment of a future metastatic organ site in the establishment of organ‐specific metastasis. We review the basic principles of site‐specific metastasis and the contribution of the cross talk between DTC and the microenvironment of metastatic sites (metastatic microenvironment [MME]) to the establishment of the organ‐specific premetastatic niche; the targeted migration of DTC to the endothelium of the future organ‐specific metastasis; the transmigration of DTC to this site and the seeding and colonization of DTC in their future MME. We also discuss the role played by DTC‐MME interactions on tumor dormancy and on the differential response of tumor cells residing in different MMEs to antitumor therapy. Finally, we summarize some studies dealing with the effects of the MME on a unique site‐specific metastasis—brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Izraely
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Isaac P Witz
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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10
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Borriello L, Karagiannis GS, Duran CL, Coste A, Oktay MH, Entenberg D, Condeelis JS. The role of the tumor microenvironment in tumor cell intravasation and dissemination. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151098. [PMID: 32800278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis, a process that requires tumor cell dissemination followed by tumor growth, is the primary cause of death in cancer patients. An essential step of tumor cell dissemination is intravasation, a process by which tumor cells cross the blood vessel endothelium and disseminate to distant sites. Studying this process is of utmost importance given that intravasation in the primary tumor, as well as the secondary and tertiary metastases, is the key step in the systemic spread of tumor cells, and that this process continues even after removal of the primary tumor. High-resolution intravital imaging of the tumor microenvironment of breast carcinoma has revealed that tumor cell intravasation exclusively occurs at doorways, termed "Tumor MicroEnvironment of Metastasis" (TMEM), composed of three different cell types: a Tie2high/VEGFhigh perivascular macrophage, a Mena overexpressing tumor cell, and an endothelial cell, all in direct contact. In this review article, we discuss the interactions between these cell types, the subsequent signaling events which lead to tumor cell intravasation, and the role of invadopodia in supporting tumor cell invasion and dissemination. We end our review by discussing how the knowledge acquired from the use of intravital imaging is now leading to new clinical trials targeting tumor cell dissemination and preventing metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Borriello
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - George S Karagiannis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Camille L Duran
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anouchka Coste
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Surgery, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - John S Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Surgery, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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11
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Nasrollahzadeh E, Razi S, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Mazzone M, Rezaei N. Pro-tumorigenic functions of macrophages at the primary, invasive and metastatic tumor site. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1673-1697. [PMID: 32500231 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02616-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) not only facilitates cancer progression from the early formation to distant metastasis, but also it differs itself from time to time alongside the tumor evolution. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), whether as pre-existing tissue-resident macrophages or recruited monocytes, are an inseparable part of this microenvironment. As their parents are broadly classified into a dichotomic, simplistic M1 and M2 subtypes, TAMs also exert paradoxical and diverse phenotypes as they are settled in different regions of TME and receive different microenvironmental signals. Briefly, M1 macrophages induce an inflammatory precancerous niche and flame the early oncogenic mutations, whereas their M2 counterparts are reprogrammed to release various growth factors and providing an immunosuppressive state in TME as long as abetting hypoxic cancer cells to set up a new vasculature. Further, they mediate stromal micro-invasion and co-migrate with invasive cancer cells to invade the vascular wall and neural sheath, while another subtype of TAMs prepares suitable niches much earlier than metastatic cells arrive at the target tissues. Accordingly, at the neoplastic transformation, during the benign-to-malignant transition and through the metastatic cascade, macrophages are involved in shaping the primary, micro-invasive and pre-metastatic TMEs. Whether their behavioral plasticity is derived from distinct genotypes or is fueled by microenvironmental cues, it could define these cells as remarkably interesting therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Nasrollahzadeh
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, KU Leuven, Louvain, B3000, Belgium
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Perelmuter VM, Tashireva LA, Savelieva OE, Denisov EV, Kaigorodova EV, Zavyalova MV, Cherdyntseva NV. Mechanisms behind prometastatic changes induced by neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the breast cancer microenvironment. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2019; 11:209-219. [PMID: 31308736 PMCID: PMC6616300 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s175161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy, along with surgery and radiotherapy, is a key treatment option for malignant tumors. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) reduces the tumor size and enables total tumor resection. In addition, NACT is believed to be more effective in destroying micrometastases than the same chemotherapy performed after surgery. To date, various NACT regimens have been tested and implemented, which provide a favorable outcome in primary tumors and reduce the risk of progression. However, there is increasing evidence of the NACT ability to increase the risk of cancer progression. This review discusses potential mechanisms by which NACT promotes distant metastasis of breast cancer through changes in the microenvironment of tumor cells. We describe prometastatic NACT-mediated changes in angiogenesis, immuno-inflammatory reactions in the stroma, intravasation, and amount of circulating tumor cells. The role of NACT-related cellular stress in cancer metastasis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir M Perelmuter
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Liubov A Tashireva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Olga E Savelieva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Denisov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk 634050, Russia.,Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Evgeniya V Kaigorodova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk 634050, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634055, Russia
| | - Marina V Zavyalova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk 634050, Russia.,Department of Pathological Anatomy, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634055, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Cherdyntseva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk 634050, Russia.,Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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13
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Laviron M, Combadière C, Boissonnas A. Tracking Monocytes and Macrophages in Tumors With Live Imaging. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1201. [PMID: 31214174 PMCID: PMC6555099 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In most cancers, myeloid cells represent the major component of the immune microenvironment. Deciphering the impact of these cells on tumor growth and in response to various anti-tumor therapies is a key issue. Many studies have elucidated the role of tumor-associated monocytes and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in tumor development, angiogenesis, and therapeutic failure. In contrast, tumor dendritic cells (DC) are associated with tumor antigen uptake and T-cell priming. Myeloid subpopulations display differences in ontogeny, state of differentiation and distribution within the neoplastic tissue, making them difficult to study. The development of high-dimensional genomic and cytometric analyses has unveiled the large functional diversity of myeloid cells. Important fundamental insights on the biology of myeloid cells have also been provided by a boom in functional fluorescent imaging techniques, in particular for TAM. These approaches allow the tracking of cell behavior in native physiological environments, incorporating spatio-temporal dimensions in the study of their functional activity. Nevertheless, tracking myeloid cells within the TME remains a challenging process as many markers overlap between monocytes, macrophages, DC, and neutrophils. Therefore, perfect discrimination between myeloid subsets remains impossible to date. Herein we review the specific functions of myeloid cells in tumor development unveiled by image-based tracking, the limits of fluorescent reporters commonly used to accurately track specific myeloid cells, and novel combinations of myeloid-associated fluorescent reporters that better discriminate the relative contributions of these cells to tumor biology according to their origin and tissue localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Laviron
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CIMI, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Combadière
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CIMI, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Boissonnas
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CIMI, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Paris, France
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14
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Salmaninejad A, Valilou SF, Soltani A, Ahmadi S, Abarghan YJ, Rosengren RJ, Sahebkar A. Tumor-associated macrophages: role in cancer development and therapeutic implications. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:591-608. [PMID: 31144271 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are known to play important roles in the initiation and progression of human cancers, as well as in angiogenesis. TAMs are considered as main components of the tumor microenvironment. Targeting TAMs may serve as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. In this review, the signaling pathways, origin, function, polarization and clinical application of TAMs are discussed. The role of TAMs in tumor initiation, progression, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis are also emphasized. In addition, a variety of clinical and pre-clinical approaches to target TAMs are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Clinical therapeutic approaches that show most promise include blocking the extravasation of TAMs along with using TAMs as diagnostic biomarkers for cancer progression. The targeting of TAMs in a variety of clinical settings appears to be a promising strategy for decreasing metastasis formation and for improving patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Salmaninejad
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Farajzadeh Valilou
- Medical Genetics Network (MeGeNe), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Soltani
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Jafari Abarghan
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rhonda J Rosengren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. box: 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran.
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15
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Evrard D, Szturz P, Tijeras-Raballand A, Astorgues-Xerri L, Abitbol C, Paradis V, Raymond E, Albert S, Barry B, Faivre S. Macrophages in the microenvironment of head and neck cancer: potential targets for cancer therapy. Oral Oncol 2018; 88:29-38. [PMID: 30616794 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment of solid tumors has become a promising target for future therapies modulating immune cells. Patients with advanced head and neck cancer, which still portends a poor outcome, are particularly in need of innovative approaches. In oral squamous cell carcinoma, high density of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) appears consistently associated with poor prognosis, whereas data are currently limited for other head and neck sites. Several approaches to block TAMs have been investigated, including TAMs inactivation by means of the colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1)/CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibitors or strategies to reprogram TAMs from M2 protumoral phenotype toward M1 antitumoral phenotype. This review focuses on both prognostic and therapeutic aspects related to TAMs in head and neck carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Evrard
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Petr Szturz
- Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Chloé Abitbol
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | | | - Eric Raymond
- Medical Oncology Department, Groupe Hospitalier Paris---St Joseph, Paris, France
| | | | - Béatrix Barry
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Faivre
- Medical Oncology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine (HUPVNS) & Université Paris 7, Paris, France.
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16
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Andersson P, Yang Y, Hosaka K, Zhang Y, Fischer C, Braun H, Liu S, Yu G, Liu S, Beyaert R, Chang M, Li Q, Cao Y. Molecular mechanisms of IL-33-mediated stromal interactions in cancer metastasis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:122375. [PMID: 30333314 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying the cancer stroma in metastasis need further exploration. Here, we discovered that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) produced high levels of IL-33 that acted on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), causing them to undergo the M1 to M2 transition. Genomic profiling of metastasis-related genes in the IL-33-stimulated TAMs showed a >200-fold increase of MMP9. Signaling analysis demonstrated the IL-33-ST2-NF-κB-MMP9-laminin pathway that governed tumor stroma-mediated metastasis. In mouse and human fibroblast-rich pancreatic cancers, genetic deletion of IL-33, ST2, or MMP9 markedly blocked metastasis. Pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB and MMP9 also blocked cancer metastasis. Deletion of IL-33, ST2, or MMP9 restored laminin, a key basement membrane component associated with tumor microvessels. Together, our data provide mechanistic insights on the IL-33-NF-κB-MMP9-laminin axis that mediates the CAF-TAM-committed cancer metastasis. Thus, targeting the CAF-TAM-vessel axis provides an outstanding therapeutic opportunity for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Andersson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kayoko Hosaka
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carina Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harald Braun
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shuzhen Liu
- Clinical Oncology Department, Weifang People's Hospital, Kuiwen District, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Guohua Yu
- Clinical Oncology Department, Weifang People's Hospital, Kuiwen District, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Shihai Liu
- Central Research Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mayland Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Shuguang Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Gui P, Ben-Neji M, Belozertseva E, Dalenc F, Franchet C, Gilhodes J, Labrousse A, Bellard E, Golzio M, Poincloux R, Maridonneau-Parini I, Le Cabec V. The Protease-Dependent Mesenchymal Migration of Tumor-Associated Macrophages as a Target in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:1337-1351. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Li R, Serrano JC, Xing H, Lee TA, Azizgolshani H, Zaman M, Kamm RD. Interstitial flow promotes macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1927-1940. [PMID: 29995595 PMCID: PMC6232969 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-03-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor tissues are characterized by an elevated interstitial fluid flow from the tumor to the surrounding stroma. Macrophages in the tumor microenvironment are key contributors to tumor progression. While it is well established that chemical stimuli within the tumor tissues can alter macrophage behaviors, the effects of mechanical stimuli, especially the flow of interstitial fluid in the tumor microenvironment, on macrophage phenotypes have not been explored. Here, we used three-dimensional biomimetic models to reveal that macrophages can sense and respond to pathophysiological levels of interstitial fluid flow reported in tumors (∼3 µm/s). Specifically, interstitial flow (IF) polarizes macrophages toward an M2-like phenotype via integrin/Src-mediated mechanotransduction pathways involving STAT3/6. Consistent with this flow-induced M2 polarization, macrophages treated with IF migrate faster and have an enhanced ability to promote cancer cell migration. Moreover, IF directs macrophages to migrate against the flow. Since IF emanates from the tumor to the surrounding stromal tissues, our results suggest that IF could not only induce M2 polarization of macrophages but also recruit these M2 macrophages toward the tumor masses, contributing to cancer cell invasion and tumor progression. Collectively, our study reveals that IF could be a critical regulator of tumor immune environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Jean Carlos Serrano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Hao Xing
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Tara A Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Hesham Azizgolshani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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19
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Norton KA, Jin K, Popel AS. Modeling triple-negative breast cancer heterogeneity: Effects of stromal macrophages, fibroblasts and tumor vasculature. J Theor Biol 2018; 452:56-68. [PMID: 29750999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of breast tumors is its spatial heterogeneity that includes its distribution of cancer stem cells and progenitor cells, but also heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment. In this study we focus on the contributions of stromal cells, specifically macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells on tumor progression. We develop a computational model of triple-negative breast cancer based on our previous work and expand it to include macrophage infiltration, fibroblasts, and angiogenesis. In vitro studies have shown that the secretomes of tumor-educated macrophages and fibroblasts increase both the migration and proliferation rates of triple-negative breast cancer cells. In vivo studies also demonstrated that blocking signaling of selected secreted factors inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in mouse xenograft models. We investigate the influences of increased migration and proliferation rates on tumor growth, the effect of the presence on fibroblasts or macrophages on growth and morphology, and the contributions of macrophage infiltration on tumor growth. We find that while the presence of macrophages increases overall tumor growth, the increase in macrophage infiltration does not substantially increase tumor growth and can even stifle tumor growth at excessive rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kideok Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Science, USA
| | - Aleksander S Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Oncology and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, USA
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20
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Intravital microscopy in the study of the tumor microenvironment: from bench to human application. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20165-20178. [PMID: 29732011 PMCID: PMC5929454 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a dynamic imaging modality that allows for the real time observation of biologic processes in vivo, including angiogenesis and immune cell interactions. In the setting of preclinical cancer models, IVM has facilitated an understanding of the tumor associated vasculature and the role of effector immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Novel approaches to apply IVM to human malignancies have thus far focused on cancer diagnosis and tumor vessel characterization, but have the potential to provide advances in the field of personalized medicine by identifying individual patients who may respond to systemically delivered chemotherapeutic drugs or immunotherapeutic agents. In this review, we highlight the role that IVM has had in investigating tumor vasculature and the tumor microenvironment in preclinical studies and discuss its current and future applications to directly observe human tumors.
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21
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Abstract
Tumour heterogeneity poses a substantial problem for the clinical management of cancer. Somatic evolution of the cancer genome results in genetically distinct subclones in the primary tumour with different biological properties and therapeutic sensitivities. The problem of heterogeneity is compounded in metastatic disease owing to the complexity of the metastatic process and the multiple biological hurdles that the tumour cell must overcome to establish a clinically overt metastatic lesion. New advances in sequencing technology and clinical sample acquisition are providing insights into the phylogenetic relationship of metastases and primary tumours at the level of somatic tumour genetics while also illuminating fundamental mechanisms of the metastatic process. In addition to somatically acquired genetic heterogeneity in the tumour cells, inherited population-based genetic heterogeneity can profoundly modify metastatic biology and further complicate the development of effective, broadly applicable antimetastatic therapies. Here, we examine how genetic heterogeneity impacts metastatic disease and the implications of current knowledge for future research endeavours and therapeutic interventions.
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22
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Lymphocyte-specific protein 1 regulates mechanosensory oscillation of podosomes and actin isoform-based actomyosin symmetry breaking. Nat Commun 2018; 9:515. [PMID: 29410425 PMCID: PMC5802837 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcellular fine-tuning of the actomyosin cytoskeleton is a prerequisite for polarized cell migration. We identify LSP (lymphocyte-specific protein) 1 as a critical regulator of actomyosin contractility in primary macrophages. LSP1 regulates adhesion and migration, including the parameters cell area and speed, and also podosome turnover, oscillation and protrusive force. LSP1 recruits myosin IIA and its regulators, including myosin light chain kinase and calmodulin, and competes with supervillin, a myosin hyperactivator, for myosin regulators, and for actin isoforms, notably β-actin. Actin isoforms are anisotropically distributed in myosin IIA-expressing macrophages, and contribute to the differential recruitment of LSP1 and supervillin, thus enabling an actomyosin symmetry break, analogous to the situation in cells expressing two myosin II isoforms. Collectively, these results show that the cellular pattern of actin isoforms builds the basis for the differential distribution of two actomyosin machineries with distinct properties, leading to the establishment of discrete zones of actomyosin contractility. The actomyosin cytoskeleton plays an important role in polarised cell migration. Here the authors identify lymphocyte-specific protein (LSP)-1 as a regulator of actomyosin contractility in macrophages, by competing with supervillin for myosin IIA activators acting specifically on the β-actin isoform.
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23
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Byun JS, Park S, Caban A, Jones A, Gardner K. Linking Race, Cancer Outcomes, and Tissue Repair. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:317-328. [PMID: 29137950 PMCID: PMC5785534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The burden of cancer in the United States is unevenly spread across its different populations, with stark differences in both disease prevalence and outcome on the basis of race and ethnicity. Although a large portion of these differences can be explained by a variety of sociobehavioral and socioeconomic factors, even after these exposures are taken into consideration, considerable disparities persist. In this review, we explore a conceptual framework of biological theories and unifying concepts, based on an evolutionary perspective, that may help better define common guiding principles for exploration of underlying causes of cancer health disparities. The ultimate goal of this conceptual perspective is to outline approaches that may aid in establishing integrated pathway and processes analyses to provide useful insights to guide the development of future interventions. These interventions will improve outcome, increase prevention, and ultimately eliminate all disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung S Byun
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Samson Park
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ambar Caban
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alana Jones
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin Gardner
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, Maryland; Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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24
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Karagiannis GS, Pastoriza JM, Wang Y, Harney AS, Entenberg D, Pignatelli J, Sharma VP, Xue EA, Cheng E, D'Alfonso TM, Jones JG, Anampa J, Rohan TE, Sparano JA, Condeelis JS, Oktay MH. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy induces breast cancer metastasis through a TMEM-mediated mechanism. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:eaan0026. [PMID: 28679654 PMCID: PMC5592784 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer cells disseminate through TIE2/MENACalc/MENAINV-dependent cancer cell intravasation sites, called tumor microenvironment of metastasis (TMEM), which are clinically validated as prognostic markers of metastasis in breast cancer patients. Using fixed tissue and intravital imaging of a PyMT murine model and patient-derived xenografts, we show that chemotherapy increases the density and activity of TMEM sites and Mena expression and promotes distant metastasis. Moreover, in the residual breast cancers of patients treated with neoadjuvant paclitaxel after doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide, TMEM score and its mechanistically connected MENAINV isoform expression pattern were both increased, suggesting that chemotherapy, despite decreasing tumor size, increases the risk of metastatic dissemination. Chemotherapy-induced TMEM activity and cancer cell dissemination were reversed by either administration of the TIE2 inhibitor rebastinib or knockdown of the MENA gene. Our results indicate that TMEM score increases and MENA isoform expression pattern changes with chemotherapy and can be used in predicting prometastatic changes in response to chemotherapy. Furthermore, inhibitors of TMEM function may improve clinical benefits of chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting or in metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Karagiannis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jessica M Pastoriza
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Allison S Harney
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jeanine Pignatelli
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ved P Sharma
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Emily A Xue
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Esther Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Timothy M D'Alfonso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joan G Jones
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jesus Anampa
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Joseph A Sparano
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - John S Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
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25
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Abstract
Imaging is widely used in anticancer drug development, typically for whole-body tracking of labelled drugs to different organs or to assess drug efficacy through volumetric measurements. However, increasing attention has been drawn to pharmacology at the single-cell level. Diverse cell types, including cancer-associated immune cells, physicochemical features of the tumour microenvironment and heterogeneous cell behaviour all affect drug delivery, response and resistance. This Review summarizes developments in the imaging of in vivo anticancer drug action, with a focus on microscopy approaches at the single-cell level and translational lessons for the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles A. Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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26
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Holen I, Speirs V, Morrissey B, Blyth K. In vivo models in breast cancer research: progress, challenges and future directions. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:359-371. [PMID: 28381598 PMCID: PMC5399571 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.028274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Research using animal model systems has been instrumental in delivering improved therapies for breast cancer, as well as in generating new insights into the mechanisms that underpin development of the disease. A large number of different models are now available, reflecting different types and stages of the disease; choosing which one to use depends on the specific research question(s) to be investigated. Based on presentations and discussions from leading experts who attended a recent workshop focused on in vivo models of breast cancer, this article provides a perspective on the many varied uses of these models in breast cancer research, their strengths, associated challenges and future directions. Among the questions discussed were: how well do models represent the different stages of human disease; how can we model the involvement of the human immune system and microenvironment in breast cancer; what are the appropriate models of metastatic disease; can we use models to carry out preclinical drug trials and identify pathways responsible for drug resistance; and what are the limitations of patient-derived xenograft models? We briefly outline the areas where the existing breast cancer models require improvement in light of the increased understanding of the disease process, reflecting the drive towards more personalised therapies and identification of mechanisms of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Holen
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Bethny Morrissey
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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27
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Martinez-Marin D, Jarvis C, Nelius T, Filleur S. Assessment of phagocytic activity in live macrophages-tumor cells co-cultures by Confocal and Nomarski Microscopy. Biol Methods Protoc 2017; 2:bpx002. [PMID: 32161785 PMCID: PMC6994062 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpx002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have been recognized as the main inflammatory component of the tumor microenvironment. Although often considered as beneficial for tumor growth and disease progression, tumor-associated macrophages have also been shown to be detrimental to the tumor depending on the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, understanding the molecular interactions between macrophages and tumor cells in relation to macrophages functional activities such as phagocytosis is critical for a better comprehension of their tumor-modulating action. Still, the characterization of these molecular mechanisms in vivo remains complicated due to the extraordinary complexity of the tumor microenvironment and the broad range of tumor-associated macrophage functions. Thus, there is an increasing demand for in vitro methodologies to study the role of cell-cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment. In the present study, we have developed live co-cultures of macrophages and human prostate tumor cells to assess the phagocytic activity of macrophages using a combination of Confocal and Nomarski Microscopy. Using this model, we have emphasized that this is a sensitive, measurable, and highly reproducible functional assay. We have also highlighted that this assay can be applied to multiple cancer cell types and used as a selection tool for a variety of different types of phagocytosis agonists. Finally, combining with other studies such as gain/loss of function or signaling studies remains possible. A better understanding of the interactions between tumor cells and macrophages may lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Martinez-Marin
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
| | - Courtney Jarvis
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA.,Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
| | - Thomas Nelius
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
| | - Stéphanie Filleur
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA.,Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
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28
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Ramamonjisoa N, Ackerstaff E. Characterization of the Tumor Microenvironment and Tumor-Stroma Interaction by Non-invasive Preclinical Imaging. Front Oncol 2017; 7:3. [PMID: 28197395 PMCID: PMC5281579 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are often characterized by hypoxia, vascular abnormalities, low extracellular pH, increased interstitial fluid pressure, altered choline-phospholipid metabolism, and aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). The impact of these tumor characteristics has been investigated extensively in the context of tumor development, progression, and treatment response, resulting in a number of non-invasive imaging biomarkers. More recent evidence suggests that cancer cells undergo metabolic reprograming, beyond aerobic glycolysis, in the course of tumor development and progression. The resulting altered metabolic content in tumors has the ability to affect cell signaling and block cellular differentiation. Additional emerging evidence reveals that the interaction between tumor and stroma cells can alter tumor metabolism (leading to metabolic reprograming) as well as tumor growth and vascular features. This review will summarize previous and current preclinical, non-invasive, multimodal imaging efforts to characterize the tumor microenvironment, including its stromal components and understand tumor-stroma interaction in cancer development, progression, and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirilanto Ramamonjisoa
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellen Ackerstaff
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Cancer Stem Cells and Macrophages: Implications in Tumor Biology and Therapeutic Strategies. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9012369. [PMID: 26980947 PMCID: PMC4769767 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9012369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a unique subset of cells within tumors with stemlike properties that have been proposed to be key drivers of tumor initiation and progression. CSCs are functionally defined by their unlimited self-renewal capacity and their ability to initiate tumor formation in vivo. Like normal stem cells, CSCs exist in a cellular niche comprised of numerous cell types including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) which provides a unique microenvironment to protect and promote CSC functions. TAMs provide pivotal signals to promote CSC survival, self-renewal, maintenance, and migratory ability, and in turn, CSCs deliver tumor-promoting cues to TAMs that further enhance tumorigenesis. Studies in the last decade have aimed to understand the molecular mediators of CSCs and TAMs, and recent advances have begun to elucidate the complex cross talk that occurs between these two cell types. In this review, we discuss the molecular interactions that define CSC-TAM cross talk at each stage of tumor progression and examine the clinical implications of targeting these interactions.
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30
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Imaging tumour cell heterogeneity following cell transplantation into optically clear immune-deficient zebrafish. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10358. [PMID: 26790525 PMCID: PMC4735845 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers contain a wide diversity of cell types that are defined by differentiation states, genetic mutations and altered epigenetic programmes that impart functional diversity to individual cells. Elevated tumour cell heterogeneity is linked with progression, therapy resistance and relapse. Yet, imaging of tumour cell heterogeneity and the hallmarks of cancer has been a technical and biological challenge. Here we develop optically clear immune-compromised rag2E450fs(casper) zebrafish for optimized cell transplantation and direct visualization of fluorescently labelled cancer cells at single-cell resolution. Tumour engraftment permits dynamic imaging of neovascularization, niche partitioning of tumour-propagating cells in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, emergence of clonal dominance in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and tumour evolution resulting in elevated growth and metastasis in BRAFV600E-driven melanoma. Cell transplantation approaches using optically clear immune-compromised zebrafish provide unique opportunities to uncover biology underlying cancer and to dynamically visualize cancer processes at single-cell resolution in vivo. Direct visualisation of heterogeneous cell populations in live animals has been challenging. Here, the authors optimize cell transplantation into optically clear immune-deficient zebrafish, and use intravital imaging to track and to assess functional diversity of individual cancer cells in vivo.
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31
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Herroon MK, Diedrich JD, Podgorski I. New 3D-Culture Approaches to Study Interactions of Bone Marrow Adipocytes with Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:84. [PMID: 27458427 PMCID: PMC4933721 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are a major component of the bone marrow that can critically affect metastatic progression in bone. Understanding how the marrow fat cells influence growth, behavior, and survival of tumor cells requires utilization of in vitro cell systems that can closely mimic the physiological microenvironment. Herein, we present two new three-dimensional (3D) culture approaches to study adipocyte-tumor cell interactions in vitro. The first is a transwell-based system composed of the marrow-derived adipocytes in 3D collagen I gels and reconstituted basement membrane-overlayed prostate tumor cell spheroids. Tumor cells cultured under these 3D conditions are continuously exposed to adipocyte-derived factors, and their response can be evaluated by morphological and immunohistochemical analyses. We show via immunofluorescence analysis of metabolism-associated proteins that under 3D conditions tumor cells have significantly different metabolic response to adipocytes than tumor cells grown in 2D culture. We also demonstrate that this model allows for incorporation of other cell types, such as bone marrow macrophages, and utilization of dye-quenched collagen substrates for examination of proteolysis-driven responses to adipocyte- and macrophage-derived factors. Our second 3D culture system is designed to study tumor cell invasion toward the adipocytes and the consequent interaction between the two cell types. In this model, marrow adipocytes are separated from the fluorescently labeled tumor cells by a layer of collagen I. At designated time points, adipocytes are stained with BODIPY and confocal z-stacks are taken through the depth of the entire culture to determine the distance traveled between the two cell types over time. We demonstrate that this system can be utilized to study effects of candidate factors on tumor invasion toward the adipocytes. We also show that immunohistochemical analyses can be performed to evaluate the impact of direct interaction of prostate tumor cells with adipocytes. Our models underline the importance of using the appropriate culture conditions to mimic physiological interactions between marrow adipocytes and metastatic tumor cells. These systems have a potential to be utilized for analyses of various factors that may be regulated by the adipocytes in bone. Their application likely extends beyond metastatic prostate cancer to other tumors that colonize the bone marrow microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Driscoll Diedrich
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- *Correspondence: Izabela Podgorski,
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32
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Hesketh AJ, Maloney C, Behr CA, Edelman MC, Glick RD, Al-Abed Y, Symons M, Soffer SZ, Steinberg BM. The Macrophage Inhibitor CNI-1493 Blocks Metastasis in a Mouse Model of Ewing Sarcoma through Inhibition of Extravasation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145197. [PMID: 26709919 PMCID: PMC4692435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma carries a poor prognosis, and novel therapeutics to prevent and treat metastatic disease are greatly needed. Recent evidence demonstrates that tumor-associated macrophages in Ewing Sarcoma are associated with more advanced disease. While some macrophage phenotypes (M1) exhibit anti-tumor activity, distinct phenotypes (M2) may contribute to malignant progression and metastasis. In this study, we show that M2 macrophages promote Ewing Sarcoma invasion and extravasation, pointing to a potential target of anti-metastatic therapy. CNI-1493 is a selective inhibitor of macrophage function and has shown to be safe in clinical trials as an anti-inflammatory agent. In a xenograft mouse model of metastatic Ewing Sarcoma, CNI-1493 treatment dramatically reduces metastatic tumor burden. Furthermore, metastases in treated animals have a less invasive morphology. We show in vitro that CNI-1493 decreases M2-stimulated Ewing Sarcoma tumor cell invasion and extravasation, offering a functional mechanism through which CNI-1493 attenuates metastasis. These data indicate that CNI-1493 may be a safe and effective adjuvant agent for the prevention and treatment of metastatic Ewing Sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Hesketh
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Caroline Maloney
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Behr
- Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York, United States of America
| | - Morris C. Edelman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard D. Glick
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York, United States of America
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Innovation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Marc Symons
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Samuel Z. Soffer
- Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York, United States of America
| | - Bettie M. Steinberg
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Rua R, McGavern DB. Elucidation of monocyte/macrophage dynamics and function by intravital imaging. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:319-32. [PMID: 26162402 PMCID: PMC4763596 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4ri0115-006rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are a diverse population of innate immune cells that play a critical role in homeostasis and inflammation. These cells are surveillant by nature and closely monitor the vasculature and surrounding tissue during states of health and disease. Given their abundance and strategic positioning throughout the body, myeloid cells are among the first responders to any inflammatory challenge and are active participants in most immune-mediated diseases. Recent studies have shed new light on myeloid cell dynamics and function by use of an imaging technique referred to as intravital microscopy (IVM). This powerful approach allows researchers to gain real-time insights into monocytes and macrophages performing homeostatic and inflammatory tasks in living tissues. In this review, we will present a contemporary synopsis of how intravital microscopy has revolutionized our understanding of myeloid cell contributions to vascular maintenance, microbial defense, autoimmunity, tumorigenesis, and acute/chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejane Rua
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dorian B McGavern
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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34
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Wang C, Chowdhury S, Driscoll M, Parent CA, Gupta SK, Losert W. The interplay of cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion in collective cell migration. J R Soc Interface 2015; 11:20140684. [PMID: 25165597 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration often involves notable cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesions and highly coordinated motion of touching cells. We focus on the interplay between cell-substrate adhesion and cell-cell adhesion. We show that the loss of cell-surface contact does not significantly alter the dynamic pattern of protrusions and retractions of fast migrating amoeboid cells (Dictyostelium discoideum), but significantly changes their ability to adhere to other cells. Analysis of the dynamics of cell shapes reveals that cells that are adherent to a surface may coordinate their motion with neighbouring cells through protrusion waves that travel across cell-cell contacts. However, while shape waves exist if cells are detached from surfaces, they do not couple cell to cell. In addition, our investigation of actin polymerization indicates that loss of cell-surface adhesion changes actin polymerization at cell-cell contacts. To further investigate cell-cell/cell-substrate interactions, we used optical micromanipulation to form cell-substrate contact at controlled locations. We find that both cell-shape dynamics and cytoskeletal activity respond rapidly to the formation of cell-substrate contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Wang
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sagar Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Meghan Driscoll
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Carole A Parent
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - S K Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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35
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Cheung KJ, Ewald AJ. Illuminating breast cancer invasion: diverse roles for cell-cell interactions. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2014; 30:99-111. [PMID: 25137487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis begins when tumors invade into surrounding tissues. In breast cancer, the study of cell interactions has provided fundamental insights into this complex process. Powerful intravital and 3D organoid culture systems have emerged that enable biologists to model the complexity of cell interactions during cancer invasion in real-time. Recent studies utilizing these techniques reveal distinct mechanisms through which multiple cancer cell and stromal cell subpopulations interact, including paracrine signaling, direct cell-cell adhesion, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Three cell interaction mechanisms have emerged to explain how breast tumors become invasive: epithelial-mesenchymal transition, collective invasion, and the macrophage-tumor cell feedback loop. Future work is needed to distinguish whether these mechanisms are mutually exclusive or whether they cooperate to drive metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Cheung
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 855 N. Wolfe St, 452 Rangos Bldg, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 855 N. Wolfe St, 452 Rangos Bldg, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 855 N. Wolfe St, 452 Rangos Bldg, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 855 N. Wolfe St, 452 Rangos Bldg, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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36
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Mierke CT. The fundamental role of mechanical properties in the progression of cancer disease and inflammation. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2014; 77:076602. [PMID: 25006689 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/77/7/076602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of mechanical properties in cancer disease and inflammation is still underinvestigated and even ignored in many oncological and immunological reviews. In particular, eight classical hallmarks of cancer have been proposed, but they still ignore the mechanics behind the processes that facilitate cancer progression. To define the malignant transformation of neoplasms and finally reveal the functional pathway that enables cancer cells to promote cancer progression, these classical hallmarks of cancer require the inclusion of specific mechanical properties of cancer cells and their microenvironment such as the extracellular matrix as well as embedded cells such as fibroblasts, macrophages or endothelial cells. Thus, this review will present current cancer research from a biophysical point of view and will therefore focus on novel physical aspects and biophysical methods to investigate the aggressiveness of cancer cells and the process of inflammation. As cancer or immune cells are embedded in a certain microenvironment such as the extracellular matrix, the mechanical properties of this microenvironment cannot be neglected, and alterations of the microenvironment may have an impact on the mechanical properties of the cancer or immune cells. Here, it is highlighted how biophysical approaches, both experimental and theoretical, have an impact on the classical hallmarks of cancer and inflammation. It is even pointed out how these biophysical approaches contribute to the understanding of the regulation of cancer disease and inflammatory responses after tissue injury through physical microenvironmental property sensing mechanisms. The recognized physical signals are transduced into biochemical signaling events that guide cellular responses, such as malignant tumor progression, after the transition of cancer cells from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype or an inflammatory response due to tissue injury. Moreover, cell adaptation to mechanical alterations, in particular the understanding of mechano-coupling and mechano-regulating functions in cell invasion, appears as an important step in cancer progression and inflammatory response to injuries. This may lead to novel insights into cancer disease and inflammatory diseases and will overcome classical views on cancer and inflammation. In addition, this review will discuss how the physics of cancer and inflammation can help to reveal whether cancer cells will invade connective tissue and metastasize or how leukocytes extravasate and migrate through the tissue. In this review, the physical concepts of cancer progression, including the tissue basement membrane a cancer cell is crossing, its invasion and transendothelial migration as well as the basic physical concepts of inflammatory processes and the cellular responses to the mechanical stress of the microenvironment such as external forces and matrix stiffness, are presented and discussed. In conclusion, this review will finally show how physical measurements can improve classical approaches that investigate cancer and inflammatory diseases, and how these physical insights can be integrated into classical tumor biological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Institute of Experimental Physics I, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Kelley LC, Lohmer LL, Hagedorn EJ, Sherwood DR. Traversing the basement membrane in vivo: a diversity of strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 204:291-302. [PMID: 24493586 PMCID: PMC3912525 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201311112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The basement membrane is a dense, highly cross-linked, sheet-like extracellular matrix that underlies all epithelia and endothelia in multicellular animals. During development, leukocyte trafficking, and metastatic disease, cells cross the basement membrane to disperse and enter new tissues. Based largely on in vitro studies, cells have been thought to use proteases to dissolve and traverse this formidable obstacle. Surprisingly, recent in vivo studies have uncovered a remarkably diverse range of cellular- and tissue-level strategies beyond proteolysis that cells use to navigate through the basement membrane. These fascinating and unexpected mechanisms have increased our understanding of how cells cross this matrix barrier in physiological and disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Kelley
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
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Raposo TP, Pires I, Carvalho MI, Prada J, Argyle DJ, Queiroga FL. Tumour-associated macrophages are associated with vascular endothelial growth factor expression in canine mammary tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 13:464-74. [PMID: 24119241 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been implicated in carcinogenesis including an important role in angiogenesis. In this study, we describe the relationship between TAMs and angiogenesis in canine mammary tumours (CMT). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded CMT samples [(n = 128: malignant (n = 97) and benign (n = 31)] were submitted to immunohistochemical staining to detect MAC387, vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF and CD31 expression. A statistical analysis was carried out to assess possible associations with clinicopathological variables and biological markers of tumour angiogenesis. TAMs, detected by MAC387 expression, were significantly associated with malignant CMT (P < 0.001) and VEGF positive tumours (P = 0.002) and also associated with VEGF expression within malignant CMT (P = 0.043). Associations with clinicopathological variables were found between TAMs and the presence of infiltrative growth (P = 0.031), low tubule formation (P = 0.040) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.016). The results support the hypothesis that TAMs influence angiogenesis in CMT suggesting TAMs may represent a therapeutic target in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Raposo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - I Pires
- CECAV, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - M I Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - J Prada
- CECAV, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - D J Argyle
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - F L Queiroga
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
In the past decade, novel materials, probes and tools have enabled fundamental and applied cancer researchers to take a fresh look at the complex problem of tumour invasion and metastasis. These new tools, which include imaging modalities, controlled but complex in vitro culture conditions, and the ability to model and predict complex processes in vivo, represent an integration of traditional with novel engineering approaches; and their potential effect on quantitatively understanding tumour progression and invasion looks promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad H Zaman
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street, Boston MA 02215, USA.
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Alexander S, Weigelin B, Winkler F, Friedl P. Preclinical intravital microscopy of the tumour-stroma interface: invasion, metastasis, and therapy response. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2013; 25:659-71. [PMID: 23896198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Key steps of cancer progression and therapy response depend upon interactions between cancer cells with the reactive tumour microenvironment. Intravital microscopy enables multi-modal and multi-scale monitoring of cancer progression as a dynamic step-wise process within anatomic and functional niches provided by the microenvironment. These niches deliver cell-derived and matrix-derived signals that enable cell subsets or single cancer cells to survive, migrate, grow, undergo dormancy, and escape immune surveillance. Beyond basic research, intravital microscopy has reached preclinical application to identify mechanisms of tumour-stroma interactions and outcome. We here summarise how n-dimensional 'dynamic histopathology' of tumours by intravital microscopy shapes mechanistic insight into cell-cell and cell-tissue interactions that underlie single-cell and collective cancer invasion, metastatic seeding at distant sites, immune evasion, and therapy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Alexander
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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