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Ruan J, Hu X, Liu Y, Han Z, Ruan Q. Vulnerability to chronic stress and the phenotypic heterogeneity of presbycusis with subjective tinnitus. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1046095. [PMID: 36620444 PMCID: PMC9812577 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1046095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related functional reserve decline and vulnerability of multiple physiological systems and organs, as well as at the cellular and molecular levels, result in different frailty phenotypes, such as physical, cognitive, and psychosocial frailty, and multiple comorbidities, including age-related hearing loss (ARHL) and/or tinnitus due to the decline in auditory reserve. However, the contributions of chronic non-audiogenic cumulative exposure, and chronic audiogenic stress to phenotypic heterogeneity of presbycusis and/or tinnitus remain elusive. Because of the cumulative environmental stressors throughout life, allostasis systems, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and the sympathetic adrenal-medullary (SAM) axes become dysregulated and less able to maintain homeostasis, which leads to allostatic load and maladaptation. Brain-body communication via the neuroendocrine system promotes systemic chronic inflammation, overmobilization of energetic substances (glucose and lipids), and neuroplastic changes via the non-genomic and genomic actions of glucocorticoids, catecholamines, and their receptors. These systemic maladaptive alterations might lead to different frailty phenotypes and physical, cognitive, and psychological comorbidities, which, in turn, cause and exacerbate ARHL and/or tinnitus with phenotypic heterogeneity. Chronic audiogenic stressors, including aging accompanying ontological diseases, cumulative noise exposure, and ototoxic drugs as well as tinnitus, activate the HPA axis and SAM directly and indirectly by the amygdala, promoting allostatic load and maladaptive neuroplasticity in the auditory system and other vulnerable brain regions, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In the auditory system, peripheral deafferentation, central disinhibition, and tonotopic map reorganization may trigger tinnitus. Cross-modal maladaptive neuroplasticity between the auditory and other sensory systems is involved in tinnitus modulation. Persistent dendritic growth and formation, reduction in GABAergic inhibitory synaptic inputs induced by chronic audiogenic stresses in the amygdala, and increased dendritic atrophy in the hippocampus and mPFC, might involve the enhancement of attentional processing and long-term memory storage of chronic subjective tinnitus, accompanied by cognitive impairments and emotional comorbidities. Therefore, presbycusis and tinnitus are multisystem disorders with phenotypic heterogeneity. Stressors play a critical role in the phenotypic heterogeneity of presbycusis. Differential diagnosis based on biomarkers of metabonomics study, and interventions tailored to different ARHL phenotypes and/or tinnitus will contribute to healthy aging and improvement in the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ruan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuhua Hu
- Laboratory of Aging, Anti-aging & Cognitive Performance, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatrics, Research Center of Aging and Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingwei Ruan
- Laboratory of Aging, Anti-aging & Cognitive Performance, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatrics, Research Center of Aging and Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Qingwei Ruan,
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Jaric I, Voelkl B, Clerc M, Schmid MW, Novak J, Rosso M, Rufener R, von Kortzfleisch VT, Richter SH, Buettner M, Bleich A, Amrein I, Wolfer DP, Touma C, Sunagawa S, Würbel H. The rearing environment persistently modulates mouse phenotypes from the molecular to the behavioural level. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001837. [PMID: 36269766 PMCID: PMC9629646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenotype of an organism results from its genotype and the influence of the environment throughout development. Even when using animals of the same genotype, independent studies may test animals of different phenotypes, resulting in poor replicability due to genotype-by-environment interactions. Thus, genetically defined strains of mice may respond differently to experimental treatments depending on their rearing environment. However, the extent of such phenotypic plasticity and its implications for the replicability of research findings have remained unknown. Here, we examined the extent to which common environmental differences between animal facilities modulate the phenotype of genetically homogeneous (inbred) mice. We conducted a comprehensive multicentre study, whereby inbred C57BL/6J mice from a single breeding cohort were allocated to and reared in 5 different animal facilities throughout early life and adolescence, before being transported to a single test laboratory. We found persistent effects of the rearing facility on the composition and heterogeneity of the gut microbial community. These effects were paralleled by persistent differences in body weight and in the behavioural phenotype of the mice. Furthermore, we show that environmental variation among animal facilities is strong enough to influence epigenetic patterns in neurons at the level of chromatin organisation. We detected changes in chromatin organisation in the regulatory regions of genes involved in nucleosome assembly, neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, and regulation of behaviour. Our findings demonstrate that common environmental differences between animal facilities may produce facility-specific phenotypes, from the molecular to the behavioural level. Furthermore, they highlight an important limitation of inferences from single-laboratory studies and thus argue that study designs should take environmental background into account to increase the robustness and replicability of findings. The phenotype of an organism results not only from its genotype but also the influence of its environment throughout development. This study shows that common environmental differences between animal facilities can induce substantial variation in the phenotype of mice, thereby highlighting an important limitation of inferences from single-laboratory studies in animal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jaric
- Animal Welfare Division, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (IJ); (HW)
| | - Bernhard Voelkl
- Animal Welfare Division, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Clerc
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Janja Novak
- Animal Welfare Division, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Rosso
- Animal Welfare Division, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reto Rufener
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - S. Helene Richter
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Manuela Buettner
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Irmgard Amrein
- Institute of Anatomy, Division of Functional Neuroanatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David P. Wolfer
- Institute of Anatomy, Division of Functional Neuroanatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chadi Touma
- Department of Behavioural Biology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Shinichi Sunagawa
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hanno Würbel
- Animal Welfare Division, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (IJ); (HW)
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3
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Ventral hippocampal NMDA receptors mediate the effects of nicotine on stress-induced anxiety/exploratory behaviors in rats. Neurosci Lett 2022; 780:136649. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Craig CF, Filippone RT, Stavely R, Bornstein JC, Apostolopoulos V, Nurgali K. Neuroinflammation as an etiological trigger for depression comorbid with inflammatory bowel disease. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:4. [PMID: 34983592 PMCID: PMC8729103 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suffer from depression at higher rates than the general population. An etiological trigger of depressive symptoms is theorised to be inflammation within the central nervous system. It is believed that heightened intestinal inflammation and dysfunction of the enteric nervous system (ENS) contribute to impaired intestinal permeability, which facilitates the translocation of intestinal enterotoxins into the blood circulation. Consequently, these may compromise the immunological and physiological functioning of distant non-intestinal tissues such as the brain. In vivo models of colitis provide evidence of increased blood–brain barrier permeability and enhanced central nervous system (CNS) immune activity triggered by intestinal enterotoxins and blood-borne inflammatory mediators. Understanding the immunological, physiological, and structural changes associated with IBD and neuroinflammation may aid in the development of more tailored and suitable pharmaceutical treatment for IBD-associated depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin F Craig
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhiannon T Filippone
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhian Stavely
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Immunology Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medicine Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Level 4 Research Labs, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia.
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5
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Motaghi S, Moghaddam Dizaj Herik H, Sepehri G, Abbasnejad M, Esmaeli-Mahani S. The anxiolytic effect of salicylic acid is mediated via the GABAergic system in the fear potentiated plus maze behavior in rats. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1133-1139. [PMID: 34797490 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salicylic acid (SA) is a natural phenolic compound in plants with many beneficial effects for humans. The anxiolytic effect of this compound has been reported in animal models, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, by using the fear potentiated plus maze test, we evaluated the effect of salicylic acid on the gene expression of the main form of GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) synthesizing enzyme i.e., the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) which is called GAD1, in the ventral subiculum of the hippocampus, one of the main brain structures, in anxiety circuits. Also, the hypnotic effect of Salicylic acid was evaluated. METHODS Animals were divided into the solvent, (SA) and diazepam treated groups (n = 6). For evaluating the anxiolytic effect of Salicylic acid, animals were subjected to 2 h of isolation, before placing them in the elevated plus maze (EPM). Afterward, the ventral part of the hippocampus was removed for evaluating the change in GAD1 gene expression by the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR) technique. The hypnotic effect of Salicylic acid was evaluated in the ketamine induced sleeping test. RESULTS Salicylic acid at 10 and 30 (mg/kg) increased time spent and entries to the open arms in the (EPM) (p < 0.05). (RTqPCR) revealed that 30 mg/kg of Salicylic acid increased GAD1 gene expression (p < 0.001). Salicylic acid (30 and 300 mg/kg) also increased the duration of sleep, in ketamine induced sleeping test (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results showed that Salicylic acid has anxiolytic and hypnotic effects and it exerts its anxiolytic effect partly, via up the regulation of GAD1 in the ventral part of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahel Motaghi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Hadi Moghaddam Dizaj Herik
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Sepehri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abbasnejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Esmaeli-Mahani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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6
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Zhao X, Mohammed R, Tran H, Erickson M, Kentner AC. Poly (I:C)-induced maternal immune activation modifies ventral hippocampal regulation of stress reactivity: prevention by environmental enrichment. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:203-215. [PMID: 33766701 PMCID: PMC8187276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) has been successfully implemented in human rehabilitation settings. However, the mechanisms underlying its success are not understood. Incorporating components of EE protocols into our animal models allows for the exploration of these mechanisms and their role in mitigation. Using a mouse model of maternal immune activation (MIA), the present study explored disruptions in social behavior and associated hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis functioning, and whether a supportive environment could prevent these effects. We show that prenatal immune activation of toll-like receptor 3, by the viral mimetic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), led to disrupted maternal care in that dams built poorer quality nests, an effect corrected by EE housing. Standard housed male and female MIA mice engaged in higher rates of repetitive rearing and had lower levels of social interaction, alongside sex-specific expression of several ventral hippocampal neural stress markers. Moreover, MIA males had delayed recovery of plasma corticosterone in response to a novel social encounter. Enrichment housing, likely mediated by improved maternal care, protected against these MIA-induced effects. We also evaluated c-Fos immunoreactivity associated with the novel social experience and found MIA to decrease neural activation in the dentate gyrus. Activation in the hypothalamus was blunted in EE housed animals, suggesting that the putative circuits modulating social behaviors may be different between standard and complex housing environments. These data demonstrate that augmentation of the environment supports parental care and offspring safety/security, which can offset effects of early health adversity by buffering HPA axis dysregulation. Our findings provide further evidence for the viability of EE interventions in maternal and pediatric settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amanda C. Kentner
- Corresponding author: Amanda Kentner, , Office #617-274-3360, Fax # 617-732-2959
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7
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Subhadeep D, Srikumar BN, Shankaranarayana Rao BS, Kutty BM. Exposure to Short Photoperiod Regime Restores Spatial Cognition in Ventral Subicular Lesioned Rats: Potential Role of Hippocampal Plasticity, Glucocorticoid Receptors, and Neurogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4437-4459. [PMID: 34024004 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ambient light influences our mood, behavior, and cognition. Phototherapy has been considered as an effective non-pharmacological intervention strategy in the restoration of cognitive functions following central nervous system insults. However, the cellular and molecular underpinnings of phototherapy-mediated functional recovery are yet to be studied. The present study examines the effectiveness of short photoperiod regime (SPR; 6:18-h light:dark cycle) in restoring the cognitive functions in ventral subicular lesioned rats. Bilateral ventral subicular lesion (VSL) resulted in significant impairment of spatial navigational abilities when tested in the Morris water maze (MWM) task. Further, VSL resulted in reduced expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and activity-regulated cytoskeletal (Arc) protein and suppression of neurogenesis in the hippocampus. VSL also suppressed the magnitude of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses. However, exposure to SPR for 21 days showed significant restoration of spatial performance in the MWM task as the ventral subicular lesioned rats could deploy higher cognitive allocentric navigational strategies to reach the hidden platform. Further, SPR resulted in enhanced expression of hippocampal GR and Arc protein and neurogenesis but not hippocampal LTP suggestive of appropriate need-based SPR intervention. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the effectiveness of SPR in establishing functional recovery as well as the possible molecular and cellular basis of cognitive recovery in a rat model of neurodegeneration. Such studies provide a framework in understanding the efficacy of non-pharmacological strategies in establishing functional recovery in neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duttagupta Subhadeep
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India
| | - B N Srikumar
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India
| | - B S Shankaranarayana Rao
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India
| | - Bindu M Kutty
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India.
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Gyger L, Regen F, Ramponi C, Marquis R, Mall JF, Swierkosz-Lenart K, von Gunten A, Toni N, Kherif F, Heuser I, Draganski B. Gradient of electro-convulsive therapy's antidepressant effects along the longitudinal hippocampal axis. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:191. [PMID: 33782387 PMCID: PMC8007583 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of successful treatment of therapy-resistant depression and major scientific advances in the field, our knowledge about electro-convulsive therapy's (ECT) mechanisms of action is still scarce. Building on strong empirical evidence for ECT-induced hippocampus anatomy changes, we sought to test the hypothesis that ECT has a differential impact along the hippocampus longitudinal axis. We acquired behavioural and brain anatomy magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in patients with depressive episode undergoing ECT (n = 9) or pharmacotherapy (n = 24) and healthy controls (n = 30) at two time points 3 months apart. Using whole-brain voxel-based statistical parametric mapping and topographic analysis focused on the hippocampus, we observed ECT-induced gradient of grey matter volume increase along the hippocampal longitudinal axis with predominant impact on its anterior portion. Clinical outcome measures showed strong correlations with both baseline volume and rate of ECT-induced change exclusively for the anterior, but not posterior hippocampus. We interpret our findings confined to the anterior hippocampus and amygdala as additional evidence of the regional specific impact of ECT that unfolds its beneficial effect on depression via the "limbic" system. Main limitations of the study are patients' polypharmacy, heterogeneity of psychiatric diagnosis, and long-time interval between scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Gyger
- LREN, Dept. of clinical neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Regen
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cristina Ramponi
- LREN, Dept. of clinical neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Renaud Marquis
- EEG and Epilepsy Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Frederic Mall
- Old Age Psychiatry service, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Swierkosz-Lenart
- Old Age Psychiatry service, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Armin von Gunten
- Old Age Psychiatry service, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Toni
- Centre for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ferath Kherif
- LREN, Dept. of clinical neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Heuser
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN, Dept. of clinical neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Neurology Department, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
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9
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Kaul D, Schwab SG, Mechawar N, Matosin N. How stress physically re-shapes the brain: Impact on brain cell shapes, numbers and connections in psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:193-215. [PMID: 33556389 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Severe stress is among the most robust risk factors for the development of psychiatric disorders. Imaging studies indicate that life stress is integral to shaping the human brain, especially regions involved in processing the stress response. Although this is likely underpinned by changes to the cytoarchitecture of cellular networks in the brain, we are yet to clearly understand how these define a role for stress in human psychopathology. In this review, we consolidate evidence of macro-structural morphometric changes and the cellular mechanisms that likely underlie them. Focusing on stress-sensitive regions of the brain, we illustrate how stress throughout life may lead to persistent remodelling of the both neurons and glia in cellular networks and how these may lead to psychopathology. We support that greater translation of cellular alterations to human cohorts will support parsing the psychological sequalae of severe stress and improve our understanding of how stress shapes the human brain. This will remain a critical step for improving treatment interventions and prevention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Kaul
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Sibylle G Schwab
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle blvd, Verdun, Qc, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Natalie Matosin
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany.
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10
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Herman JP, Nawreen N, Smail MA, Cotella EM. Brain mechanisms of HPA axis regulation: neurocircuitry and feedback in context Richard Kvetnansky lecture. Stress 2020; 23:617-632. [PMID: 33345670 PMCID: PMC8034599 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1859475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of stress reactivity is a fundamental priority of all organisms. Stress responses are critical for survival, yet can also cause physical and psychological damage. This review provides a synopsis of brain mechanisms designed to control physiological responses to stress, focusing primarily on glucocorticoid secretion via the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. The literature provides strong support for multi-faceted control of HPA axis responses, involving both direct and indirect actions at paraventricular nucleus (PVN) corticotropin releasing hormone neurons driving the secretory cascade. The PVN is directly excited by afferents from brainstem and hypothalamic circuits, likely relaying information on homeostatic challenge. Amygdala subnuclei drive HPA axis responses indirectly via disinhibition, mediated by GABAergic relays onto PVN-projecting neurons in the hypothalamus and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST). Inhibition of stressor-evoked HPA axis responses is mediated by an elaborate network of glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-containing circuits, providing a distributed negative feedback signal that inhibits PVN neurons. Prefrontal and hippocampal neurons play a major role in HPA axis inhibition, again mediated by hypothalamic and BST GABAergic relays to the PVN. The complexity of the regulatory process suggests that information on stressors is integrated across functional disparate brain circuits prior to accessing the PVN, with regions such as the BST in prime position to relay contextual information provided by these sources into appropriate HPA activation. Dysregulation of the HPA in disease is likely a product of inappropriate checks and balances between excitatory and inhibitory inputs ultimately impacting PVN output.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Herman
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Cincinnati Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nawshaba Nawreen
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marissa A Smail
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Evelin M Cotella
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Cincinnati Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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11
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Rodriguez G, Moore SJ, Neff RC, Glass ED, Stevenson TK, Stinnett GS, Seasholtz AF, Murphy GG, Cazares VA. Deficits across multiple behavioral domains align with susceptibility to stress in 129S1/SvImJ mice. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 13:100262. [PMID: 33344715 PMCID: PMC7739066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute physical or psychological stress can elicit adaptive behaviors that allow an organism maintain homeostasis. However, intense and/or prolonged stressors often have the opposite effect, resulting in maladaptive behaviors and curbing goal-directed action; in the extreme, this may contribute to the development of psychiatric conditions like generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, or post-traumatic stress disorder. While treatment of these disorders generally focuses on reducing reactivity to potentially threatening stimuli, there are in fact impairments across multiple domains including valence, arousal, and cognition. Here, we use the genetically stress-susceptible 129S1 mouse strain to explore the effects of stress across multiple domains. We find that 129S1 mice exhibit a potentiated neuroendocrine response across many environments and paradigms, and that this is associated with reduced exploration, neophobia, decreased novelty- and reward-seeking, and spatial learning and memory impairments. Taken together, our results suggest that the 129S1 strain may provide a useful model for elucidating mechanisms underlying myriad aspects of stress-linked psychiatric disorders as well as potential treatments that may ameliorate symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rodriguez
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, USA
| | - S J Moore
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, USA.,Michigan Neuroscience Institute, USA
| | - R C Neff
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, USA
| | - E D Glass
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, USA.,Michigan Neuroscience Institute, USA
| | | | | | - A F Seasholtz
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - G G Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, USA.,Michigan Neuroscience Institute, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, USA
| | - V A Cazares
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, USA.,Michigan Neuroscience Institute, USA.,Department of Psychology, Williams College, MA, USA
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12
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The Grueneberg ganglion controls odor-driven food choices in mice under threat. Commun Biol 2020; 3:533. [PMID: 32973323 PMCID: PMC7518244 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01257-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to efficiently search for food is fundamental for animal survival. Olfactory messages are used to find food while being aware of the impending risk of predation. How these different olfactory clues are combined to optimize decision-making concerning food selection remains elusive. Here, we find that chemical danger cues drive the food selection in mice via the activation of a specific olfactory subsystem, the Grueneberg ganglion (GG). We show that a functional GG is required to decipher the threatening quality of an unfamiliar food. We also find that the increase in corticosterone, which is GG-dependent, enhances safe food preference acquired during social transmission. Moreover, we demonstrate that memory retrieval for food preference can be extinguished by activation of the GG circuitry. Our findings reveal a key function played by the GG in controlling contextual food responses and illustrate how mammalian organisms integrate environmental chemical stress to optimize decision-making. Julien Brechbühl et al. show that the Grueneberg ganglion olfactory subsystem is necessary for deciphering the threatening or safe qualities of unfamiliar food based on olfactory or social signals, respectively, in mice. These results highlight the role of this subsystem in optimizing decision-making strategies related to food preference by integrating environmental cues.
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13
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Revisiting the Stress Concept: Implications for Affective Disorders. J Neurosci 2020; 40:12-21. [PMID: 31896560 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0733-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 50 years, the concept of stress has evolved significantly, and our understanding of the underlying neurobiology has expanded dramatically. Rather than consider stress biology to be relevant only under unusual and threatening conditions, we conceive of it as an ongoing, adaptive process of assessing the environment, coping with it, and enabling the individual to anticipate and deal with future challenges. Though much remains to be discovered, the fundamental neurocircuitry that underlies these processes has been broadly delineated, key molecular players have been identified, and the impact of this system on neuroplasticity has been well established. More recently, we have come to appreciate the critical interaction between the brain and the rest of the body as it pertains to stress responsiveness. Importantly, this system can become overloaded due to ongoing environmental demands on the individual, be they physical, physiological, or psychosocial. The impact of this overload is deleterious to brain health, and it results in vulnerability to a range of brain disorders, including major depression and cognitive deficits. Thus, stress biology is one of the best understood systems in affective neuroscience and is an ideal target for addressing the pathophysiology of many brain-related diseases. The story we present began with the discovery of glucocorticoid receptors in hippocampus and has extended to other brain regions in both animal models and the human brain with the further discovery of structural and functional adaptive plasticity in response to stressful and other experiences.
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Abstract
Stress is ubiquitous in chronic medical conditions; however, the connections to psychiatric and neurologic conditions are not always clearly established. Epilepsy is a unique illness that is intimately intertwined with stress and anxiety not only as a result of the disease process but also as a cause of disease exacerbation. Anxiety and depression also involve stress management and often overlap with epilepsy. Anxiety symptoms themselves may be present as intrinsic aspects of seizure phenomena, either during the events or closely related to them. The pathways of stress and anxiety involve the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and explain at least in part how stress may lead to worsening seizure control. Ultimately, the study of stress, anxiety, and epilepsy offers insight into mind and body connections, and furthers understanding of neuropsychiatric illness.
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15
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Barros-Viegas AT, Carmona V, Ferreiro E, Guedes J, Cardoso AM, Cunha P, Pereira de Almeida L, Resende de Oliveira C, Pedro de Magalhães J, Peça J, Cardoso AL. miRNA-31 Improves Cognition and Abolishes Amyloid-β Pathology by Targeting APP and BACE1 in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 19:1219-1236. [PMID: 32069773 PMCID: PMC7031139 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide, characterized by progressive memory impairment, behavioral changes, and, ultimately, loss of consciousness and death. Recently, microRNA (miRNA) dysfunction has been associated with increased production and impaired clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, whose accumulation is one of the most well-known pathophysiological markers of this disease. In this study, we identified several miRNAs capable of targeting key proteins of the amyloidogenic pathway. The expression of one of these miRNAs, miR-31, previously found to be decreased in AD patients, was able to simultaneously reduce the levels of APP and Bace1 mRNA in the hippocampus of 17-month-old AD triple-transgenic (3xTg-AD) female mice, leading to a significant improvement of memory deficits and a reduction in anxiety and cognitive inflexibility. In addition, lentiviral-mediated miR-31 expression significantly ameliorated AD neuropathology in this model, drastically reducing Aβ deposition in both the hippocampus and subiculum. Furthermore, the increase of miR-31 levels was enough to reduce the accumulation of glutamate vesicles in the hippocampus to levels found in non-transgenic age-matched animals. Overall, our results suggest that miR-31-mediated modulation of APP and BACE1 can become a therapeutic option in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Barros-Viegas
- Doctoral Programme in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vítor Carmona
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ferreiro
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Guedes
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Cardoso
- Doctoral Programme in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Cunha
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Resende de Oliveira
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - João Peça
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Cardoso
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal.
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16
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Subhadeep D, Srikumar BN, Shankaranarayana Rao BS, Kutty BM. Short photoperiod restores ventral subicular lesion‐induced deficits in affective and socio‐cognitive behavior in male Wistar rats. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:1114-1136. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Duttagupta Subhadeep
- Department of Neurophysiology National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) Bengaluru India
| | - Bettadapura N. Srikumar
- Department of Neurophysiology National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) Bengaluru India
| | | | - Bindu M. Kutty
- Department of Neurophysiology National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) Bengaluru India
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17
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van Dijk RM, Wiget F, Wolfer DP, Slomianka L, Amrein I. Consistent within-group covariance of septal and temporal hippocampal neurogenesis with behavioral phenotypes for exploration and memory retention across wild and laboratory small rodents. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Ardi Z, Richter-Levin A, Xu L, Cao X, Volkmer H, Stork O, Richter-Levin G. The role of the GABAA receptor Alpha 1 subunit in the ventral hippocampus in stress resilience. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13513. [PMID: 31534228 PMCID: PMC6751196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-pubertal stress increases post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) susceptibility. We have previously demonstrated that enriched environment (EE) intervention immediately after pre-pubertal stress protects from the effects of trauma in adulthood. Here, we examined whether exposure to EE would also be beneficial if applied after exposure to trauma in adulthood. We have recently shown that exposure to juvenile stress and under-water trauma (UWT) is associated with increased expression of GABAA receptor subunit α1 in the ventral hippocampus. However, differentiating between affected and unaffected individuals, this increased expression was confined to stress-exposed, behaviorally unaffected individuals, suggesting upregulation of α1 expression as a potential mechanism of resilience. We now examined whether EE-induced resilience renders increased expression of α1 in the ventral hippocampus redundant when facing a trauma later in life. Adult rats were exposed to UWT, with pre-exposure to juvenile stress, and tested in the open field and elevated plus maze paradigms four weeks later. EE exposure during juvenility prevented pre-pubertal stress-induced vulnerability, but not if performed following UWT in adulthood. Furthermore, juvenile EE exposure prevented the trauma-associated increase in α1 expression levels. Our findings emphasize the importance of early interventions in order to reduce the likelihood of developing psychopathologies in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ardi
- Sagol Department of Neuroscience, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel.,Department of Behavioral Sciences, Kinneret Academic College, Sea of Galilee, Tiberias, Israel.,Sagol Center for Brain and Mind, Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
| | - A Richter-Levin
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - L Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, and Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.,CAS Centre for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligent Technology, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - X Cao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, MOE&STCSM, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - H Volkmer
- Deptartment Molecular Biology, Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - O Stork
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - G Richter-Levin
- Sagol Department of Neuroscience, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel. .,The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel. .,Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
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19
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Schoenfeld TJ, Rhee D, Martin L, Smith JA, Sonti AN, Padmanaban V, Cameron HA. New neurons restore structural and behavioral abnormalities in a rat model of PTSD. Hippocampus 2019; 29:848-861. [PMID: 30865372 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with anxiety, memory impairments, enhanced fear, and hippocampal volume loss, although the relationship between these changes remain unknown. Single-prolonged stress (SPS) is a model for PTSD combining three forms of stress (restraint, swim, and anesthesia) in a single session that results in prolonged behavioral effects. Using pharmacogenetic ablation of adult neurogenesis in rats, we investigated the role of new neurons in the hippocampus in the long-lasting structural and behavioral effects of SPS. Two weeks after SPS, stressed rats displayed increased anxiety-like behavior and decreased preference for objects in novel locations regardless of the presence or absence of new neurons. Chronic stress produced by daily restraint for 2 or 6 hr produced similar behavioral effects that were also independent of ongoing neurogenesis. At a longer recovery time point, 1 month after SPS, rats with intact neurogenesis had normalized, showing control levels of anxiety-like behavior. However, GFAP-TK rats, which lacked new neurons, continued to show elevated anxiety-like behavior and enhanced serum corticosterone response to anxiogenic experience. Volume loss in ventral CA1 region of the hippocampus paralleled increases in anxiety-like behavior, occurring in all rats exposed to SPS at the early time point and only rats lacking adult neurogenesis at the later time point. In chronic stress experiments, volume loss occurred broadly throughout the dentate gyrus and CA1 after 6-hr daily stress but was not apparent in any hippocampal subregion after 2-hr daily stress. No effect of SPS was seen on cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus, but the survival of young neurons born a week after stress was decreased. Together, these data suggest that new neurons are important for recovery of normal behavior and hippocampal structure following a strong acute stress and point to the ventral CA1 region as a potential key mediator of stress-induced anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Schoenfeld
- Section on Neuroplasticity, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Diane Rhee
- Section on Neuroplasticity, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laura Martin
- Section on Neuroplasticity, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jesse A Smith
- Section on Neuroplasticity, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anup N Sonti
- Section on Neuroplasticity, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Varun Padmanaban
- Section on Neuroplasticity, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Heather A Cameron
- Section on Neuroplasticity, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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20
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The ventral hippocampus is required for behavioral flexibility but not for allocentric/egocentric learning. Brain Res Bull 2019; 146:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Estradiol modulation of the renin-angiotensin system and the regulation of fear extinction. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:36. [PMID: 30696810 PMCID: PMC6351608 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is more prevalent in women than men, yet much remains to be determined regarding the mechanism underlying this sex difference. Clinical and preclinical studies have shown that low estradiol levels during extinction of fear conditioning in rodents (i.e., cue exposure therapy in humans) leads to poor extinction consolidation and increased fear during extinction recall. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is also associated with stress-related pathologies, and RAS antagonists can enhance extinction consolidation in males. However, less is known about how estradiol and the RAS converge to alter fear extinction consolidation in females. Since estradiol downregulates the RAS, we determined the role of surgically (via ovariectomy [OVX]) and pharmacologically (via the hormonal contraceptive [HC], levonorgestrel) clamping estradiol at low levels in female rats on fear-related behavior, serum estradiol and angiotensin II (Ang II) levels, and angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) binding in the brain. We then tested whether the AT1R antagonist losartan would alter fear-related behavior in an estradiol-dependent manner. We found that both OVX and HC treatment produced extinction consolidation deficits relative to intact female rats in proestrus (when estradiol levels are high), and that losartan treatment mitigated these deficits and reduced freezing. OVX, but not HC, altered AT1R ligand binding, though HC reduced estradiol and increased Ang II levels in plasma. These findings have significant clinical implications, indicating that administration of an AT1R antagonist, especially if estradiol levels are low, prior to an exposure therapy session may improve treatment outcomes in females.
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22
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Chronic social defeat stress-induced enhancement of T-type calcium channels increases burst-firing neurons in the ventral subiculum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 508:1182-1187. [PMID: 30554654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ventral subiculum (vSub), a representative output structure of the hippocampus, serves as a main limbic region in mediating the brain's response to stress. There are three subtypes of subicular pyramidal neurons based on their firing patterns: regular-spiking (RS), weak-bursting (WB) and strong-bursting (SB) neurons, located differently along proximal-distal axis. Here, we found that chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) in mice increased the population of SB neurons but decreased RS neurons in the proximal vSub. Specific blockers of T-type calcium channels inhibited the burst firings with a concomitant reduction of afterdepolarization, suggesting that T-type calcium channels underlie the burst-spiking activity. Consistently, CSDS increased both T-type calcium currents and expression of Cav3.1 proteins, a subtype of T-type calcium channels, in the proximal vSub. Therefore, we conclude that CSDS-induced enhancement of Cav3.1 expression increased bursting neuronal population in the vSub, which may contribute to stress-related behaviors.
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23
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24
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Passecker J, Islam MN, Hok V, O'Mara SM. Influences of photic stress on postsubicular head-directional processing. Eur J Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29512927 PMCID: PMC5947620 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The stress response serves vital adaptive functions. However, acute stress episodes often negatively impact cognitive processing. Here, we aimed to elucidate whether stress detrimentally affects the head‐direction cells of the postsubiculum, which may in turn impair downstream spatial information processing. We recorded neurons in the rats’ postsubiculum during a pellet‐chasing task during baseline non‐stress conditions and after a 30‐min acute photic stress exposure. Based on their baseline firing rate, we identified a subpopulation of head‐direction cells that drastically decreased its firing rate as a response to stress while preserving their head directionality. The remaining population of head‐direction cells as well as other neurons recorded in the postsubiculum were unaffected. The observed altered activity in the subpopulation might be the basis for spatial processing deficits observed following acute stress episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Passecker
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Md Nurul Islam
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Vincent Hok
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7291, Marseilles, France
| | - Shane M O'Mara
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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25
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Anteroventral bed nuclei of the stria terminalis neurocircuitry: Towards an integration of HPA axis modulation with coping behaviors - Curt Richter Award Paper 2017. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 89:239-249. [PMID: 29395488 PMCID: PMC5878723 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A network of interconnected cell groups in the limbic forebrain regulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation and behavioral responses to emotionally stressful experiences, and chronic disruption of these systems chronically is implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric illnesses. A significant challenge has been to unravel the circuitry and mechanisms providing for regulation of HPA activity, as these limbic forebrain regions do not provide any direct innervation of HPA effector cell groups in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH). Moreover, information regarding how endocrine and behavioral responses are integrated has remained obscure. Here we summarize work from our laboratory showing that anteroventral (av) bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST) acts as a point of convergence between the limbic forebrain and PVH, receiving and coordinating upstream influences, and restraining HPA axis output in response to inescapable stressors. Recent studies highlight a more expansive modulatory role for avBST as one that coordinates HPA-inhibitory influences while concurrently suppressing passive behavioral responses via divergent pathways. avBST is uniquely positioned to convey endocrine and behavioral alterations resulting from chronic stress exposure, such as HPA axis hyperactivity and increased passive coping strategies, that may result from synaptic reorganization in upstream limbic cortical regions. We discuss how these studies give new insights into understanding the systems-level organization of stress response circuitry, the neurobiology of coping styles, and BST circuit dysfunction in stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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26
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Wiget F, van Dijk RM, Louet ER, Slomianka L, Amrein I. Effects of Strain and Species on the Septo-Temporal Distribution of Adult Neurogenesis in Rodents. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:719. [PMID: 29311796 PMCID: PMC5742116 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional septo-temporal (dorso-ventral) differentiation of the hippocampus is accompanied by gradients of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in laboratory rodents. An extensive septal AHN in laboratory mice suggests an emphasis on a relation of AHN to tasks that also depend on the septal hippocampus. Domestication experiments indicate that AHN dynamics along the longitudinal axis are subject to selective pressure, questioning if the septal emphasis of AHN in laboratory mice is a rule applying to rodents in general. In this study, we used C57BL/6 and DBA2/Crl mice, wild-derived F1 house mice and wild-captured wood mice and bank voles to look for evidence of strain and species specific septo-temporal differences in AHN. We confirmed the septal > temporal gradient in C57BL/6 mice, but in the wild species, AHN was low septally and high temporally. Emphasis on the temporal hippocampus was particularly strong for doublecortin positive (DCX+) young neurons and more pronounced in bank voles than in wood mice. The temporal shift was stronger in female wood mice than in males, while we did not see sex differences in bank voles. AHN was overall low in DBA and F1 house mice, but they exhibited the same inversed gradient as wood mice and bank voles. DCX+ young neurons were usually confined to the subgranular zone and deep granule cell layer. This pattern was seen in all animals in the septal and intermediate dentate gyrus. In bank voles and wood mice however, the majority of temporal DCX+ cells were radially dispersed throughout the granule cell layer. Some but not all of the septo-temporal differences were accompanied by changes in the DCX+/Ki67+ cell ratios, suggesting that new neuron numbers can be regulated by both proliferation or the time course of maturation and survival of young neurons. Some of the septo-temporal differences we observe have also been found in laboratory rodents after the experimental manipulation of the molecular mechanisms that control AHN. Adaptations of AHN under natural conditions may operate on these or similar mechanisms, adjusting neurogenesis to the requirements of hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Wiget
- Division of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Maarten van Dijk
- Division of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Estelle R Louet
- Division of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Slomianka
- Division of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irmgard Amrein
- Division of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Bidirectional Control of Anxiety-Related Behaviors in Mice: Role of Inputs Arising from the Ventral Hippocampus to the Lateral Septum and Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:1715-1728. [PMID: 28294135 PMCID: PMC5518909 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is an adaptive response to potentially threatening situations. Exaggerated and uncontrolled anxiety responses become maladaptive and lead to anxiety disorders. Anxiety is shaped by a network of forebrain structures, including the hippocampus, septum, and prefrontal cortex. In particular, neural inputs arising from the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) to the lateral septum (LS) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are thought to serve as principal components of the anxiety circuit. However, the role of vHPC-to-LS and vHPC-to-mPFC signals in anxiety is unclear, as no study has directly compared their behavioral contribution at circuit level. We targeted LS-projecting vHPC cells and mPFC-projecting vHPC cells by injecting the retrogradely propagating canine adenovirus encoding Cre recombinase into the LS or mPFC, and injecting a Cre-responsive AAV (AAV8-hSyn-FLEX-hM3D or hM4D) into the vHPC. Consequences of manipulating these neurons were examined in well-established tests of anxiety. Chemogenetic manipulation of LS-projecting vHPC cells led to bidirectional changes in anxiety: activation of LS-projecting vHPC cells decreased anxiety whereas inhibition of these cells produced opposite anxiety-promoting effects. The observed anxiety-reducing function of LS-projecting cells was in contrast with the function of mPFC-projecting cells, which promoted anxiety. In addition, double retrograde tracing demonstrated that LS- and mPFC-projecting cells represent two largely anatomically distinct cell groups. Altogether, our findings suggest that the vHPC houses discrete populations of cells that either promote or suppress anxiety through differences in their projection targets. Disruption of the intricate balance in the activity of these two neuron populations may drive inappropriate behavioral responses seen in anxiety disorders.
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van Bodegom M, Homberg JR, Henckens MJAG. Modulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis by Early Life Stress Exposure. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:87. [PMID: 28469557 PMCID: PMC5395581 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to stress during critical periods in development can have severe long-term consequences, increasing overall risk on psychopathology. One of the key stress response systems mediating these long-term effects of stress is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; a cascade of central and peripheral events resulting in the release of corticosteroids from the adrenal glands. Activation of the HPA-axis affects brain functioning to ensure a proper behavioral response to the stressor, but stress-induced (mal)adaptation of the HPA-axis' functional maturation may provide a mechanistic basis for the altered stress susceptibility later in life. Development of the HPA-axis and the brain regions involved in its regulation starts prenatally and continues after birth, and is protected by several mechanisms preventing corticosteroid over-exposure to the maturing brain. Nevertheless, early life stress (ELS) exposure has been reported to have numerous consequences on HPA-axis function in adulthood, affecting both its basal and stress-induced activity. According to the match/mismatch theory, encountering ELS prepares an organism for similar ("matching") adversities during adulthood, while a mismatching environment results in an increased susceptibility to psychopathology, indicating that ELS can exert either beneficial or disadvantageous effects depending on the environmental context. Here, we review studies investigating the mechanistic underpinnings of the ELS-induced alterations in the structural and functional development of the HPA-axis and its key external regulators (amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex). The effects of ELS appear highly dependent on the developmental time window affected, the sex of the offspring, and the developmental stage at which effects are assessed. Albeit by distinct mechanisms, ELS induced by prenatal stressors, maternal separation, or the limited nesting model inducing fragmented maternal care, typically results in HPA-axis hyper-reactivity in adulthood, as also found in major depression. This hyper-activity is related to increased corticotrophin-releasing hormone signaling and impaired glucocorticoid receptor-mediated negative feedback. In contrast, initial evidence for HPA-axis hypo-reactivity is observed for early social deprivation, potentially reflecting the abnormal HPA-axis function as observed in post-traumatic stress disorder, and future studies should investigate its neural/neuroendocrine foundation in further detail. Interestingly, experiencing additional (chronic) stress in adulthood seems to normalize these alterations in HPA-axis function, supporting the match/mismatch theory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marloes J. A. G. Henckens
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Activation of beta- and alpha-2-adrenoceptors in the basolateral amygdala has opposing effects on hippocampal-prefrontal long-term potentiation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 137:163-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Subhadeep D, Srikumar BN, Shankaranarayana Rao BS, Kutty BM. Exposure to short photoperiod regime reduces ventral subicular lesion-induced anxiety-like behavior in Wistar rats. Physiol Behav 2016; 170:124-132. [PMID: 28017681 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration of hippocampal structures is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Patients with AD exhibit 'sundown syndrome' featuring mood swings and anxiety. Although there are studies demonstrating circadian rhythm disruption associated with sundown phenomenon, the mechanisms underlying the emotional disturbances remain elusive. In the present study, we examined the relationship between subiculum (a key hippocampal output structure) and anxiety. Our study demonstrates that bilateral ventral subicular lesion (VSL) leads to anxiogenic behavior. In the elevated plus maze test, VSL rats made less number of entries into the open arms and spent significantly more time in the closed arms. Similarly, in the light-dark exploration test, VSL rats spent significantly more time in the dark chamber and made fewer entries into the light chamber. VSL also produced significant neurodegeneration in the paraventricular, suprachiasmatic and dorsomedial nuclei of the hypothalamus. Exposing VSL rats to a short photoperiod regime (SPR; 06/18h light-dark cycle) for 21days ameliorated the anxiety-like behavior. VSL rats on SPR also exhibited increased food consumption and higher core body temperature. Our study supports the hypothesis that the ventral subiculum regulates anxiety-like behavior and that SPR helps in the alleviation of such behavior. Even though the mechanisms underlying anxiolytic effects of light-dark cycle manipulation are yet to be elucidated, such non-pharmacological strategies can help to mitigate anxiety-like behavior. A proper understanding of the effectiveness of photoperiod manipulation will help in developing strategies in the management of emotional disturbances associated with affective and neurodegenerative disorders including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duttagupta Subhadeep
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - B N Srikumar
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - B S Shankaranarayana Rao
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Bindu M Kutty
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560 029, India.
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Anderson RM, Glanz RM, Johnson SB, Miller MM, Romig-Martin SA, Radley JJ. Prolonged corticosterone exposure induces dendritic spine remodeling and attrition in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. J Comp Neurol 2016; 524:3729-3746. [PMID: 27113541 PMCID: PMC5063662 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The stress-responsive hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a central role in promoting adaptations acutely, whereas adverse effects on physiology and behavior following chronic challenges may result from overactivity of this system. Elevations in glucocorticoids, the end-products of HPA activation, play roles in adaptive and maladaptive processes by targeting cognate receptors throughout neurons in limbic cortical networks to alter synaptic functioning. Because previous work has shown that chronic stress leads to functionally relevant regressive alterations in dendritic spine shape and number in pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), this study examines the capacity of sustained increases in circulating corticosterone (B) alone to alter dendritic spine morphology and density in this region. Subcutaneous B pellets were implanted in rats to provide continuous exposure to levels approximating the circadian mean or peak of the steroid for 1, 2, or 3 weeks. Pyramidal neurons in the prelimbic area of the mPFC were selected for intracellular fluorescent dye filling, followed by high-resolution three-dimensional imaging and analysis of dendritic arborization and spine morphometry. Two or more weeks of B exposure decreased dendritic spine volume in the mPFC, whereas higher dose exposure of the steroid resulted in apical dendritic retraction and spine loss in the same cell population, with thin spine subtypes showing the greatest degree of attrition. Finally, these structural alterations were noted to persist following a 3-week washout period and corresponding restoration of circadian HPA rhythmicity. These studies suggest that prolonged disruptions in adrenocortical functioning may be sufficient to induce enduring regressive structural and functional alterations in the mPFC. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3729-3746, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Anderson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Ryan M Glanz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Shane B Johnson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Mary M Miller
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Sara A Romig-Martin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Jason J Radley
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242.
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Zhang T, Hong J, Di T, Chen L. MPTP Impairs Dopamine D1 Receptor-Mediated Survival of Newborn Neurons in Ventral Hippocampus to Cause Depressive-Like Behaviors in Adult Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:101. [PMID: 27790091 PMCID: PMC5062058 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by motor symptoms with depression. We evaluated the influence of dopaminergic depletion on hippocampal neurogenesis process to explore mechanisms of depression production. Five consecutive days of 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) injection in mice (MPTP-mice) reduced dopaminergic fibers in hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). MPTP-mice exhibited depressive-like behaviors later for 2–3 weeks. BrdU was injected 4 h after last-injection of MPTP. BrdU-positive (BrdU+) cells in dorsal (d-DG) and ventral (v-DG) DG were examined on day 1 (D1), 7 (D7), 14 (D14) and 21 (D21) after BrdU injection. Fewer D7-, D14- and D21-BrdU+ cells or BrdU+/NeuN+ cells, but not D1-BrdU+ cells, were found in v-DG of MPTP-mice than in controls. However, the number of BrdU+ cells in d-DG did not differ between the both. Loss of doublecortin-positive (DCX+) cells was observed in v-DG of MPTP-mice. Protein kinase A (PKA) and Ca2+/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation were reduced in v-DG of MPTP-mice, which were reversed by D1-like receptor (D1R) agonist SKF38393, but not D2R agonist quinpirole. The treatment of MPTP-mice with SKF38393 on days 2–7 after BrdU-injection reduced the loss of D7- and D21-BrdU+ cells in v-DG and improved the depressive-like behaviors; these changes were sensitive to PKA inhibitor H89. Moreover, the v-DG injection of SKF38393 in MPTP-mice could reduce the loss of D21-BrdU+ cells and relieve the depressive-like behaviors. In control mice, the blockade of D1R by SCH23390 caused the reduction of D21-BrdU+ cells in v-DG and the depressive-like behaviors. Our results indicate that MPTP-reduced dopaminergic depletion impairs the D1R-mediated early survival of newborn neurons in v-DG, producing depressive-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China; Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Juan Hong
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China; Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Tingting Di
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China; Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
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Sympathetic nervous system contributes to enhanced corticosterone levels following chronic stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 68:163-70. [PMID: 26974501 PMCID: PMC5656452 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to chronic stress often elevates basal circulating glucocorticoids during the circadian nadir and leads to exaggerated glucocorticoid production following exposure to subsequent stressors. While glucocorticoid production is primarily mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, there is evidence that the sympathetic nervous system can affect diurnal glucocorticoid production by direct actions at the adrenal gland. Experiments here were designed to examine the role of the HPA and sympathetic nervous system in enhancing corticosterone production following chronic stress. Rats were exposed to a four-day stress paradigm or control conditions then exposed to acute restraint stress on the fifth day to examine corticosterone and ACTH responses. Repeated stressor exposure resulted in a small increase in corticosterone, but not ACTH, during the circadian nadir, and also resulted in exaggerated corticosterone production 5, 10, and 20min following restraint stress. While circulating ACTH levels increased after 5min of restraint, levels were not greater in chronic stress animals compared to controls until following 20min. Administration of astressin (a CRH antagonist) prior to restraint stress significantly reduced ACTH responses but did not prevent the sensitized corticosterone response in chronic stress animals. In contrast, administration of chlorisondamine (a ganglionic blocker) returned basal corticosterone levels in chronic stress animals to normal levels and reduced early corticosterone production following restraint (up to 10min) but did not block the exaggerated corticosterone response in chronic stress animals at 20min. These data indicate that increased sympathetic nervous system tone contributes to elevated basal and rapid glucocorticoid production following chronic stress, but HPA responses likely mediate peak corticosterone responses to stressors of longer duration.
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Wulsin AC, Solomon MB, Privitera MD, Danzer SC, Herman JP. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis dysfunction in epilepsy. Physiol Behav 2016; 166:22-31. [PMID: 27195458 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disease, affecting 2.4million people in the US. Among the many different forms of the disease, temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most frequent in adults. Recent studies indicate the presence of a hyperactive hypothalamopituitary- adrenocortical (HPA) axis and elevated levels of glucocorticoids in TLE patients. Moreover, in these patients, stress is a commonly reported trigger of seizures, and stress-related psychopathologies, including depression and anxiety, are highly prevalent. Elevated glucocorticoids have been implicated in the development of stress-related psychopathologies. Similarly, excess glucocorticoids have been found to increase neuronal excitability, epileptiform activity and seizure susceptibility. Thus, patients with TLE may generate abnormal stress responses that both facilitate ictal discharges and increase vulnerability for the development of comorbid psychopathologies. Here, we will examine the evidence that the HPA axis is disrupted in TLE, consider potential mechanisms by which this might occur, and discuss the implications of HPA dysfunction for seizuretriggering and psychiatric comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynara C Wulsin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Matia B Solomon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michael D Privitera
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Steve C Danzer
- Neuroscience Program, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - James P Herman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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Jung S, Son H, Lee DH, Roh GS, Kang SS, Cho GJ, Choi WS, Kim HJ. Decreased levels of RGS4 in the paraventricular nucleus facilitate GABAergic inhibition during the acute stress response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:276-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ikeno T, Deats SP, Soler J, Lonstein JS, Yan L. Decreased daytime illumination leads to anxiety-like behaviors and HPA axis dysregulation in the diurnal grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus). Behav Brain Res 2015; 300:77-84. [PMID: 26684510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The impact of ambient light on mood and anxiety is best exemplified in seasonal affective disorder, in which patients experience depression and anxiety in winter when there is less light in the environment. However, the brain mechanisms underlying light-dependent changes in affective state remain unclear. Our previous work revealed increased depression-like behaviors in the diurnal Nile grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) housed in a dim light-dark (dim-LD) cycle as compared to the controls housed in a bright light-dark (bright-LD) condition. As depression is often comorbid with anxiety and is associated with dysregulation of the body's stress response system, the present study examined the anxiety-like behaviors as well as indicators of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning in the grass rats. Animals housed in dim-LD showed increased anxiety-like behaviors compared to bright-LD controls, as revealed by fewer entries and less time spent at the center in the open field test and more marbles buried during the marble-burying test. Following the marble-burying test, dim-LD animals showed higher plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels and hippocampal Fos expression. Although the daily CORT rhythm was comparable between bright-LD and dim-LD groups, the day/night variation of corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus was diminished in dim-LD animals. In addition, glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression were higher in the hippocampus of dim-LD animals. The results suggest that in diurnal species, reduced daytime illumination can lead to increased anxiety-like behaviors and altered HPA axis functioning, providing insights into the link between decreased environmental illumination and negative emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Ikeno
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Sean P Deats
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Joel Soler
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Joseph S Lonstein
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Lily Yan
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Radley J, Morilak D, Viau V, Campeau S. Chronic stress and brain plasticity: Mechanisms underlying adaptive and maladaptive changes and implications for stress-related CNS disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 58:79-91. [PMID: 26116544 PMCID: PMC4684432 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stress responses entail neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral changes to promote effective coping with real or perceived threats to one's safety. While these responses are critical for the survival of the individual, adverse effects of repeated exposure to stress are widely known to have deleterious effects on health. Thus, a considerable effort in the search for treatments to stress-related CNS disorders necessitates unraveling the brain mechanisms responsible for adaptation under acute conditions and their perturbations following chronic stress exposure. This paper is based upon a symposium from the 2014 International Behavioral Neuroscience Meeting, summarizing some recent advances in understanding the effects of stress on adaptive and maladaptive responses subserved by limbic forebrain networks. An important theme highlighted in this review is that the same networks mediating neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral processes during adaptive coping also comprise targets of the effects of repeated stress exposure in the development of maladaptive states. Where possible, reference is made to the similarity of neurobiological substrates and effects observed following repeated exposure to stress in laboratory animals and the clinical features of stress-related disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Radley
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Iowa, IA, United States
| | - David Morilak
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Victor Viau
- Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Serge Campeau
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States.
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Chiang JJ, Taylor SE, Bower JE. Early adversity, neural development, and inflammation. Dev Psychobiol 2015; 57:887-907. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julienne E. Bower
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
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Basolateral amygdala and ventral hippocampus in stress-induced amplification of nicotine self-administration during reacquisition in rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:2741-9. [PMID: 25772339 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cigarette smoking remains the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the USA, although only 3-5 % of quitters are successful for 6-12 months. Stress during abstinence increases the likelihood of relapse to smoking. We recently reported that repeated stress during abstinence from operant nicotine self-administration (SA) amplifies the reacquisition of nicotine SA and affects the diurnal intake of nicotine in rats. Herein, we sought to identify brain regions critical for the expression of stress-enhanced nicotine SA during reacquisition. METHODS Rats acquired nicotine SA (FR5) with virtually unlimited drug access (23 h/day). During abstinence (8 day), 30 min of restraint stress was applied on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Beginning day 8, nicotine SA was reacquired over 5 days, and basolateral amygdala (BLA) was inactivated bilaterally or disconnected from nucleus accumbens core (NAcc). Similarly, ventral hippocampus (vHP) was inactivated or disconnected from BLA. RESULTS Bilateral inactivation (muscimol + baclofen) of BLA or disconnection from NAcc abolished the stress-enhanced reacquisition of nicotine SA without affecting basal levels of nicotine SA. Similarly, bilateral inactivation of vHP or disconnection of vHP and BLA also abolished stress-enhanced reacquisition of nicotine SA. CONCLUSION BLA, vHP, and functional interactions between BLA-NAcc and vHP-BLA are required for expression of stress-enhanced nicotine SA during reacquisition. However, without stress, these functional interactions are not necessary for reexpression of nicotine SA during reacquisition. Therefore, BLA, vHP, and these regional interactions specifically mediate the effects of repeated stress on the reacquisition of nicotine SA behavior.
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Kim G, Jung S, Son H, Kim S, Choi J, Lee DH, Roh GS, Kang SS, Cho GJ, Choi WS, Kim HJ. The GABAB receptor associates with regulators of G-protein signaling 4 protein in the mouse prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus. BMB Rep 2015; 47:324-9. [PMID: 24286319 PMCID: PMC4163873 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.6.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins regulate certain G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated signaling pathways. The GABAB receptor (GABABR) is a GPCR that plays a role in the stress response. Previous studies indicate that acute immobilization stress (AIS) decreases RGS4 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hypothalamus (HY) and suggest the possibility of a signal complex composed of RGS4 and GABABR. Therefore, in the present study, we tested whether RGS4 associates with GABABR in these brain regions. We found the co-localization of RGS4 and GABABR subtypes in the PFC and HY using double immunohistochemistry and confirmed a direct association between GABAB2R and RGS4 proteins using co-immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, we found that AIS decreased the amount of RGS4 bound to GABAB2R and the number of double-positive cells. These results indicate that GABABR forms a signal complex with RGS4 and suggests that RGS4 is a regulator of GABABR. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(6): 324-329]
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongwha Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-290, Korea
| | - Soonwoong Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-290, Korea
| | - Hyeonwi Son
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-290, Korea
| | - Sujeong Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-290, Korea
| | - Jungil Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-290, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-290, Korea
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-290, Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-290, Korea
| | - Gyeong Jae Cho
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-290, Korea
| | - Wan Sung Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-290, Korea
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-290, Korea
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Luscher B, Fuchs T. GABAergic control of depression-related brain states. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2015; 73:97-144. [PMID: 25637439 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The GABAergic deficit hypothesis of major depressive disorders (MDDs) posits that reduced γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration in brain, impaired function of GABAergic interneurons, altered expression and function of GABA(A) receptors, and changes in GABAergic transmission dictated by altered chloride homeostasis can contribute to the etiology of MDD. Conversely, the hypothesis posits that the efficacy of currently used antidepressants is determined by their ability to enhance GABAergic neurotransmission. We here provide an update for corresponding evidence from studies of patients and preclinical animal models of depression. In addition, we propose an explanation for the continued lack of genetic evidence that explains the considerable heritability of MDD. Lastly, we discuss how alterations in GABAergic transmission are integral to other hypotheses of MDD that emphasize (i) the role of monoaminergic deficits, (ii) stress-based etiologies, (iii) neurotrophic deficits, and (iv) the neurotoxic and neural circuit-impairing consequences of chronic excesses of glutamate. We propose that altered GABAergic transmission serves as a common denominator of MDD that can account for all these other hypotheses and that plays a causal and common role in diverse mechanistic etiologies of depressive brain states and in the mechanism of action of current antidepressant drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Luscher
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Thomas Fuchs
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Immobility responses between mouse strains correlate with distinct hippocampal serotonin transporter protein expression and function. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:1737-50. [PMID: 24833265 DOI: 10.1017/s146114571400073x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse strain differences in immobility and in sensitivity to antidepressants have been observed in the forced swimming test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST). However, the neurotransmitter systems and neural substrates that contribute to these differences remain unknown. To investigate the role of the hippocampal serotonin transporter (5-HTT), we measured baseline immobility and the immobility responses to fluoxetine (FLX) in the FST and the TST in male CD-1, C57BL/6, DBA and BALB/c mice. We observed strain differences in baseline immobility time, with CD-1 mice showing the longest and DBA mice showing the shortest. In contrast, DBA and BALB/c mice showed the highest sensitivity to FLX, whereas CD-1 and C57BL/6 mice showed the lowest sensitivity. Also we found strain differences in both the total 5-HTT protein level and the membrane-bound 5-HTT level (estimated by V max) as follows: DBA>BALB/c>CD-1=C57BL/6. The uptake efficiency of the membrane-bound 5-HTT (estimated by 1/K m) was highest in DBA and BALB/c mice and lowest in CD-1 and C57BL/6 mice. A correlation analysis of subregions within the hippocampus revealed that immobility time was negatively correlated with V max and positively correlated with K m in the hippocampus. Therefore a higher uptake capacity of the membrane-bound 5-HTT in the hippocampus was associated with lower baseline immobility and greater sensitivity to FLX. These results suggest that alterations in hippocampal 5-HTT activity may contribute to mouse strain differences in the FST and the TST.
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O'Leary OF, Cryan JF. A ventral view on antidepressant action: roles for adult hippocampal neurogenesis along the dorsoventral axis. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35:675-87. [PMID: 25455365 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is implicated in antidepressant action, stress responses, and cognitive functioning. The hippocampus is functionally segregated along its longitudinal axis into dorsal (dHi) and ventral (vHi) regions in rodents, and analogous posterior and anterior regions in primates, whereby the vHi preferentially regulates stress and anxiety, while the dHi preferentially regulates spatial learning and memory. Given the role of neurogenesis in functions preferentially regulated by the dHi or vHi, it is plausible that neurogenesis is preferentially regulated in either the dHi or vHi depending upon the stimulus. We appraise here the literature on the effects of stress and antidepressants on neurogenesis along the hippocampal longitudinal axis and explore whether preferential regulation of neurogenesis in the vHi/anterior hippocampus contributes to stress resilience and antidepressant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia F O'Leary
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Laukova M, Alaluf LG, Serova LI, Arango V, Sabban EL. Early intervention with intranasal NPY prevents single prolonged stress-triggered impairments in hypothalamus and ventral hippocampus in male rats. Endocrinology 2014; 155:3920-33. [PMID: 25057792 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intranasal administration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a promising treatment strategy to reduce traumatic stress-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We evaluated the potential of intranasal NPY to prevent dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a core neuroendocrine feature of PTSD. Rats were exposed to single prolonged stress (SPS), a PTSD animal model, and infused intranasally with vehicle or NPY immediately after SPS stressors. After 7 days undisturbed, hypothalamus and hippocampus, 2 structures regulating the HPA axis activity, were examined for changes in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and CRH expression. Plasma ACTH and corticosterone, and hypothalamic CRH mRNA, were significantly higher in the vehicle but not NPY-treated group, compared with unstressed controls. Although total GR levels were not altered in hypothalamus, a significant decrease of GR phosphorylated on Ser232 and increased FK506-binding protein 5 mRNA were observed with the vehicle but not in animals infused with intranasal NPY. In contrast, in the ventral hippocampus, only vehicle-treated animals demonstrated elevated GR protein expression and increased GR phosphorylation on Ser232, specifically in the nuclear fraction. Additionally, SPS-induced increase of CRH mRNA in the ventral hippocampus was accompanied by apparent decrease of CRH peptide particularly in the CA3 subfield, both prevented by NPY. The results show that early intervention with intranasal NPY can prevent traumatic stress-triggered dysregulation of the HPA axis likely by restoring HPA axis proper negative feedback inhibition via GR. Thus, intranasal NPY has a potential as a noninvasive therapy to prevent negative effects of traumatic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Laukova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.L., L.G.A., L.I.S., E.L.S.), New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595; and Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division (V.A.), New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032
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45
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Khundakar AA, Thomas AJ. Cellular morphometry in late-life depression: a review of postmortem studies. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 22:122-32. [PMID: 24012224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The impact of major depression in late life is considerable and set to intensify with a worldwide shift in demographic profile toward an elderly population. Although the precise neurobiological mechanisms are not fully understood, a significant body of clinical, epidemiological, and imaging data have suggested divergent pathophysiological pathways underlie depression in late life, when compared with younger patients. Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated significant increases in white matter hyperintensities in late-life depression in several key areas involved in affective circuitry. Postmortem cellular morphometry studies have played a vital role in the identification of discrete changes in the brain microstructure in depression. This review draws together such postmortem studies, which have utilized tissue from younger/mixed age and late-life depressed patients. These findings have suggested varying neuronal and glial cell pathology in depression between different age cohorts. This age-related disparity may suggest different pathophysiological basis for depression, with vascular factors playing a potentially greater role in late life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Khundakar
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Alan J Thomas
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Tang M, He T, Sun X, Meng QY, Diao Y, Lei JY, He XJ, Chen L, Sang XB, Zhao S. Subregion-specific decreases in hippocampal serotonin transporter protein expression and function associated with endophenotypes of depression. Hippocampus 2014; 24:493-501. [PMID: 24436084 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Man Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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47
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Shruster A, Offen D. Targeting neurogenesis ameliorates danger assessment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2013; 261:193-201. [PMID: 24388979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects 13% of the population over the age of 65. Behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms are frequent and affect 80% of patients. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which is impaired in AD, is involved in learning and memory. It remains unclear, however, whether increasing adult neurogenesis improves behavioral symptoms in AD. We report that in the 3xTgAD mouse model of AD, chronic Wnt3a overexpression in the ventral hippocampus dentate gyrus (DG) restored adult neurogenesis to physiological levels. The restoration of adult neurogenesis led to full recovery of danger assessment impairment and the effect was blocked by ablation of neurogenesis with X-irradiation. Finally, using a bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) mRNA expression array, we found that the expression of the 5-HT1A receptor in 3xTgAD mice is selectively decreased and normalized by Wnt3a overexpression in the ventral hippocampus DG, and this normalization is neurogenesis dependent. These findings indicate that reestablishing a functional population of hippocampal newborn neurons in adult AD mice rescues behavioral symptoms, suggesting that adult neurogenesis may be a promising therapeutic target for alleviating behavioral deficits in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Shruster
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel.
| | - Daniel Offen
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
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Travis SG, Huang Y, Fujiwara E, Radomski A, Olsen F, Carter R, Seres P, Malykhin NV. High field structural MRI reveals specific episodic memory correlates in the subfields of the hippocampus. Neuropsychologia 2013; 53:233-45. [PMID: 24296251 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of the hippocampus (HC) in episodic memory is well accepted; however it is unclear how each subfield within the HC contributes to memory function. Recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies suggest differential involvement of hippocampal subfields and subregions in episodic memory. However, most structural MRI studies have examined the HC subfields within a single subregion of the HC and used specialised experimental memory paradigms. The purpose of the present study was to determine the association between volumes of HC subfields throughout the entire HC structure and performance on standard neuropsychological memory tests in a young, healthy population. We recruited 34 healthy participants under the age of 50. MRI data was acquired with a fast spin echo (FSE) sequence yielding a 0.52×0.68×1.0 mm(3) native resolution. The HC subfields - the cornu ammonis 1-3 (CA), dentate gyrus (DG), and subiculum (SUB) - were segmented manually within three hippocampal subregions using a previously defined protocol. Participants were administered the Wechsler Memory Scale, 4th edition (WMS-IV) to assess performance in episodic memory using verbal (Logical Memory, LM) and visual (Designs, DE; visual-spatial memory, DE-Spatial; visual-content memory, DE-Content) memory subtests. Working memory subtests (Spatial Addition, SA; and Symbol Span, SSP) were included as well. Working memory was not associated with any HC volumes. Volumes of the DG were correlated with verbal memory (LM) and visual-spatial memory (DE-Spatial). Posterior CA volumes correlated with both visual-spatial and visual-object memory (DE-Spatial, DE-Content). In general, anterior subregion volumes (HC head) correlated with verbal memory, while some anterior and many posterior HC subregion volumes (body and tail) correlated with visual memory scores (DE-Spatial, DE-Content). In addition, while verbal memory showed left-lateralized associations with HC volumes, visual memory was associated with HC volumes bilaterally. This the first study to examine the associations between hippocampal subfield volumes across the entire hippocampal formation with performance in a set of standard memory tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Travis
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Y Huang
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - E Fujiwara
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A Radomski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - F Olsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V2
| | - R Carter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - P Seres
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V2
| | - N V Malykhin
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V2.
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Chronic stress-induced alterations of dendritic spine subtypes predict functional decrements in an hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal-inhibitory prefrontal circuit. J Neurosci 2013; 33:14379-91. [PMID: 24005291 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0287-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a vital role in promoting adaptation during acute stress, but adverse effects of chronic stress may result from overactivity of this system. Recent evidence highlights a subdivision of GABAergic neurons within anterior bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (aBST) that integrates and relays inhibitory influences to HPA-effector neurons in paraventricular hypothalamus during acute stress, notably from medial prefrontal [prelimbic (PL)] and hippocampal [ventral subiculum (vSUB)] cortical fields. Here we localize the site and candidate mechanism of neuroplasticity within upstream regions of this inhibitory network after chronic variable stress (CVS). Rats bearing retrograde tracer injections in aBST underwent CVS for 14 d. Retrogradely labeled and unlabeled neurons in vSUB and PL were selected for intracellular dye filling, followed by three-dimensional imaging and analysis of dendritic arborization and spine morphometry. Whereas PL neurons displayed decreases in dendritic branching and spine density after CVS, aBST-projecting cells showed a selective loss of mature mushroom-shaped spines. In a follow-up experiment, CVS-treated and control rats were exposed to a novel restraint challenge for assay of HPA activation and engagement of aBST-projecting cortical regions. CVS animals showed enhanced HPA output and decreased Fos activation in aBST-projecting PL neurons compared with acutely stressed controls. In contrast, vSUB failed to show any significant differences in structural plasticity or functional activation patterns after CVS. These findings define a mechanism whereby synaptic destabilization in the PL → aBST pathway may dampen its ability to impart inhibitory control over the HPA axis after chronic stress exposure.
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Neurogenesis along the septo-temporal axis of the hippocampus: Are depression and the action of antidepressants region-specific? Neuroscience 2013; 252:234-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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