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Grilo AM, Vinagre G, dos Santos MC, Martinho JF, Gomes AI. Attitudes toward Patient-Centred Care, Empathy, and Assertiveness among Students in Rehabilitation Areas: A Longitudinal Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2803. [PMID: 37893877 PMCID: PMC10606137 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11202803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed attitudes toward patient-centred care, empathy, assertiveness, and subjective perception of communication skills and technical knowledge among Portuguese undergraduate students in healthcare. These students may develop rehabilitation activities with patients in their person-oriented or technique-oriented professions. Portuguese nursing and allied health students from two public higher education schools completed questionnaires in the first and third academic years: Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale, Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, Scale for Interpersonal Behaviour, and a subjective perception of technical knowledge and communication skills. A total of 183 students completed the surveys. In the first year, students showed moderate to high scores on patient-centredness attitudes, empathy, and assertiveness and perceived themselves as having good communication skills. Students from person-oriented programmes significantly improved their Total and shared patient-centred attitudes in the third year compared with students attending technique-oriented professions. Significant differences in empathy were found between groups in the third year. Distress associated with assertive behaviours increased significantly across time in students from technique-oriented programmes compared with their peers in person-oriented programmes. The results suggest that the health profession's orientation and the programmes' specific curriculum might have a role in how some dimensions evolved in the two groups of students. The increasing assertiveness-related discomfort highlighted the importance of assessing and monitoring students' emotional wellbeing during their initial interactions with patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Monteiro Grilo
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
- CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Graça Vinagre
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Margarida Custódio dos Santos
- CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Ferreira Martinho
- Câmara Municipal de Oliveira do Bairro, Ed. Paços do Concelho, Praça do Município, 3770-851 Oliveira do Bairro, Portugal;
| | - Ana Isabel Gomes
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal;
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Xiong J, Wen JL, Pei GS, Han X, He DQ. Effectiveness of Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for employees with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2023; 29:268-281. [PMID: 35172706 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2022.2043647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. The effectiveness of Internet interventions for employees with depressive disorder remains controversial. We summarized all available evidence exploring the role of Internet interventions in reducing employees' depressive symptoms. Methods. This study was a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis that included acceptability and preliminary feasibility studies. We excluded programme descriptions, discussion articles and study protocols. We followed the PRISMA guidelines and searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science from database inception to May 2021 for articles published in English. We extracted data concerning demographics, intervention format, including Internet interventions, control group conditions and outcome measures. We used a random-effects model and calculated Hedges' g values for the scores of employees receiving Internet interventions versus control conditions. This systematic review is registered as INPLASY202160082. Results. Data from 19 studies were included. These 19 studies included 5898 participants (2813 participants received Internet interventions, 3085 participants were in control groups). Conclusions. The findings suggest that Internet interventions can be effective in improving depression in employees. However, more randomized controlled trials are needed to provide better evidence regarding Internet interventions for employees with depression, and robust studies are needed to observe the effectiveness of Internet interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiong
- School of Marxism, Chongqing University, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Lin Wen
- School of Marxism, Chongqing University, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Shu Pei
- School of Marxism, Chongqing University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Marxism, Chongqing University, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Qing He
- School of Humanities, Mianyang Polytechnic, People's Republic of China
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Effectiveness of speak-up training programs for clinical nurses: A scoping review. Int J Nurs Stud 2022; 136:104375. [PMID: 36327680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Speaking up about patient safety concerns is critical when bedside nurses encounter unsafe situations. Training programs that encourage nurses' speaking up behavior have been introduced, but there is limited evidence regarding whether such training leads to behavior change or improves patient safety. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to identify the effectiveness of speak-up training programs for clinical nurses, focusing on program content and outcomes. DESIGN A scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and reported according to the Cochrane and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. METHODS This study used bibliographic databases of PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global for the English language, and NDSL, KCI, RISS, KISS, and DBpia for the Korean language. The literature search used a combination of keywords and subject headings related to speak-up training programs for nurses or any type of nurse training program with an assertiveness component. Training outcomes were evaluated according to the 4-level Kirkpatrick model. RESULTS A total of 4808 references were retrieved, of which 21 articles were selected. These 21 studies were conducted in different parts of the world and published from 1981 to 2020. Speak-up training primarily increased some degree of nurses' levels of assertiveness and speak-up behavior, and also led to secondary outcomes such as job stress, work motivation, and communication conflicts. Most studies (n = 19) applied traditional training formats which consisted of multi-session lectures and practice, whereas three studies applied new methodologies such as high-fidelity simulations and online learning. According to the Kirkpatrick model, five studies assessed reactions to speak-up training (level 1), all studies evaluated learning as a result of training (level 2), two studies measured the effect of speak-up training on nurses' behavior (level 3), and one study evaluated nurses' results (level 4) while no studies evaluated patient-level outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Speak-up training for nurses can improve their levels of assertiveness or speak-up behaviors. Despite inconsistent or mixed findings, speak-up training has the potential to improve nurses' psychological well-being, leading to positive organizational performance. New training methods are directed at specialized education for clinical situations. Future speak-up training should consist of training programs based on real clinical situations in which team members participate together to comprehensively evaluate the effect of training on behavioral changes of health professionals as well as patient safety.
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Armaou M, Araviaki E, Dutta S, Konstantinidis S, Blake H. Effectiveness of Digital Interventions for Deficit-Oriented and Asset-Oriented Psychological Outcomes in the Workplace: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2022; 12:1471-1497. [PMID: 36286087 PMCID: PMC9601105 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital psychological interventions can target deficit-oriented and asset-oriented psychological outcomes in the workplace. This review examined: (a) the effectiveness of digital interventions for psychological well-being at work, (b) associations with workplace outcomes, and (c) associations between interventions' effectiveness and their theory-base. METHODS six electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCT) and quasi-experimental studies. The methodological quality of studies that used randomisation was conducted with the "Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias" tool, while the "JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist" was used for non-randomised studies. Studies' theory-base was evaluated using an adaptation of the "theory coding scheme" (TSC). Due to heterogeneity, narrative synthesis was performed. RESULTS 51 studies were included in a synthesis describing four clusters of digital interventions: (a) cognitive behavioural therapy, (b) stress-management interventions and workplace well-being promotion, (c) meditation training and mindfulness-based interventions, and (d) self-help interventions. Studies demonstrated a high risk of contamination effects and high attrition bias. Theory-informed interventions demonstrated greater effectiveness. Cognitive behavioural therapy demonstrated the most robust evidence for reducing depression symptoms among healthy employees. With the exception of the Headspace application, there was weak evidence for meditation training apps, while relaxation training was a key component of effective stress-management interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Armaou
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK
| | | | - Snigdha Dutta
- Cambridge Centre for Teaching and Learning, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3PT, UK
| | | | - Holly Blake
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Amirkhan JH, Vandenbelt AB. Marriage and health: exploring the role of stress overload. ANXIETY, STRESS, & COPING 2022; 36:398-413. [PMID: 36067057 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2120196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The association between marital status and health is well-established, but its causes remain unclear. This study was the first to examine stress overload, the pathogenic form of stress, as a possible explanation. DESIGN The study employed a cross-sectional design and convenience sample to explore relationships among stress overload, marital status, social support, and illness. METHODS A diverse sample (n = 455), recruited from community and social media sites, completed an anonymous online survey. Included were standardized measures of stress overload (SOS-S), perceived social support (MSPSS), and somatic symptoms (PHQ-15). RESULTS Married participants reported lower stress overload levels than those in any other type of relationship (single, in-a-relationship, or cohabiting). They did not differ from the unmarried in overall level of social support, nor did statistically controlling social support or income levels erase the stress overload differential. They also reported lower levels of symptomology than the unmarried. SEM analyses yielded a best-fitting model showing stress overload to partially mediate the link between marital status and symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Stress overload is one mechanism that explains the marital health disparity, albeit not the only one. This holds implications for future research and practice focused on personal relationships and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Amirkhan
- Psychology Department, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
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Eklund C, Söderlund A, Elfström ML. Evaluation of a Web-Based Stress Management Program for Persons Experiencing Work-Related Stress in Sweden (My Stress Control): Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health 2021; 8:e17314. [PMID: 34889772 PMCID: PMC8704112 DOI: 10.2196/17314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is one of the most common reasons for sick leave. Web-based interventions have the potential to reach an unlimited number of users at a low cost and have been shown to be effective in addressing several health-related problems. Handling stress on an individual level is related to behavior change. To support behavioral changes in stress management, My Stress Control (MSC) was developed. The development of MSC was based on several health psychology theories and models; however, central in the development were Social Cognitive Theory, Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behavior, Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping, and the Transtheoretical Model and Stages of Change. MSC is a fully automated program. The program is tailored to the user's specific needs for stress management and behavior change. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aim to conduct a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the extent to which MSC affects perceived stress in persons experiencing work-related stress. METHODS This was a randomized controlled trial with 2 arms. Study participants were recruited by visiting the worksites and workplace meetings. Participants were assigned to the intervention or wait-list group. Web-based questionnaires were used before and after the intervention to collect data. Perceived stress measured using the Perceived Stress Scale-14 was the primary outcome measurement. Analyses were conducted for both between-group and within-group changes. RESULTS A total of 92 participants were included in this study: 48 (52%) in the intervention group and 44 (48%) in the wait-list group. Overall, 25% (12/48) of participants in the intervention group and 43% (19/44) of participants in the wait-list group completed the postintervention assessment. There were no significant effects on perceived stress between the intervention and wait-list groups or within the groups. A small effect size (Cohen d=0.25) was found when comparing mean change over time on the primary outcome measure between the intervention and wait-list groups. In addition, a small effect size was found between pre- and postintervention assessments within the intervention group (Cohen d=0.38) as well as within the wait-list group (Cohen d=0.25). CONCLUSIONS The effect of MSC on perceived stress remains uncertain. As adherence was low in the intervention group, elements or features that facilitate adherence and engagement must be further developed before firmer conclusions regarding the effect of MSC can be made. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03077568; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03077568.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Eklund
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Anne Söderlund
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Magnus L Elfström
- Department of Psychology, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
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Abdelaziz EM, Diab IA, Ouda MMA, Elsharkawy NB, Abdelkader FA. The effectiveness of assertiveness training program on psychological wellbeing and work engagement among novice psychiatric nurses. Nurs Forum 2020; 55:309-319. [PMID: 32034762 DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an assertiveness training program on psychological wellbeing and work engagement among novice psychiatric nurses. DESIGN A quasi-experimental design was utilized (one group pre/post assessment). SETTING The study was conducted at The Abbasia hospital for mental health in Cairo, Egypt. SUBJECTS The subjects of the study were 36 novice nurses who were starting their careers the hospital during 2017/2018. TOOLS The current study used four tools for collecting the data: socio-demographic data sheet, Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, Riff's Psychological Well-Being Scale, and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. RESULTS The study results revealed a statistically significant difference between measure one and measure two intervention program regarding assertiveness skills, psychological well-being, and work engagement. Also, there was a significant positive correlation between the total mean scores of assertiveness skills and total mean scores of psychological well-being. CONCLUSIONS This single-group feasibility study demonstrated that assertiveness training for novice nurses seems feasible. It may achieve a favorable outcome in developing assertiveness skills and improving psychological wellbeing. RECOMMENDATIONS Further randomized controlled trials with more extended follow-up periods are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas Mahrous Abdelaziz
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakākā, Jouf, Saudi Arabia.,Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman Abdelmotelb Diab
- Nursing Performance Evaluation and Improvement Department, Cairo University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mohamed Ahmed Ouda
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakākā, Jouf, Saudi Arabia.,Pediatric Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Nadia Bassiouni Elsharkawy
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakākā, Jouf, Saudi Arabia.,Maternal and New Born Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fadia Ahmed Abdelkader
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakākā, Jouf, Saudi Arabia.,Critical Care and Emergency Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Gray P, Senabe S, Naicker N, Kgalamono S, Yassi A, Spiegel JM. Workplace-Based Organizational Interventions Promoting Mental Health and Happiness among Healthcare Workers: A Realist Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4396. [PMID: 31717906 PMCID: PMC6888154 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mental illness, deemed globally to account for 32% of years lived with a disability, generates significant impacts on workplaces. In particular, healthcare workers experience high rates of mental ill health such as burnout, stress, and depression due to workplace conditions including excessive workloads, workplace violence and bullying, which also produces negative effects on patients as well as on the happiness and wellbeing of those who remain at work. This review was undertaken to synthesize the evidence on workplace-based interventions at the organizational level promoting mental health and wellbeing among healthcare workers, to identify what has been receiving attention in this area and why, especially considering how such positive effects are produced. A search of three premier health-related databases identified 1290 articles that discussed healthcare workers, workplace interventions, and mental health. Following further examination, 46 articles were ultimately selected as meeting the criteria specifying interventions at the organizational level and combined with similar studies included in a relevant Cochrane review. The 60 chosen articles were then analyzed following a realist framework analyzing context, mechanism, and outcome. Most of the studies included in the realist review were conducted in high-income countries, and the types of organizational-level interventions studied included skills and knowledge development, leadership development, communication and team building, stress management as well as workload and time management. Common themes from the realist review highlight the importance of employee engagement in the intervention development and implementation process. The literature review also supports the recognized need for more research on mental health and happiness in low- and middle-income countries, and for studies evaluating the longer-term effects of workplace mental health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gray
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (P.G.); (A.Y.)
| | - Sipho Senabe
- Gauteng Department of Health, Gauteng Provincial Government, 45 Commissioner Street, Marshall Town (Johannesburg) 2147, South Africa;
| | - Nisha Naicker
- National Institute of Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa; (N.N.); (S.K.)
- School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Parktown 2000, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Spo Kgalamono
- National Institute of Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa; (N.N.); (S.K.)
- School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Parktown 2000, South Africa
| | - Annalee Yassi
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (P.G.); (A.Y.)
| | - Jerry M. Spiegel
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (P.G.); (A.Y.)
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Bischoff LL, Otto AK, Hold C, Wollesen B. The effect of physical activity interventions on occupational stress for health personnel: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 2019; 97:94-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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The mediating effect of health-related hardiness on the degree of physical disability and perceived stress in Chinese female patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 35:67-72. [PMID: 31351263 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare and chronic disease of the central nervous system. The characteristics and main symptoms of recurrent NMOSD lead to an increase in psychological stress and accelerate a decline in the patients' quality of life. The incidence of NMOSD in the Chinese population is much higher than that for other countries and the majority of NMOSD patients are female. In general, there are sex differences in the perception and management of stress, with females experiencing higher levels of perceived stress than males. Thus, we should be concerned about the psychological issues experienced by Chinese female NMOSD patients. Health-related hardness is a psychological adjustment factor that could affect perceptions of illness that impact on NMOSD patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mediating role of health-related hardiness on physical disability and perceived stress in Chinese NMOSD female patients. METHODS Participants were 68 females patients with NMOSD treated at the Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China, between March and September 2018. Patients were evaluated for their degree of physical disability, perceived stress, and health-related hardiness. Measures included the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Health-related Hardiness Scale (HRHS). Pearson's correlation analyses and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were used. RESULTS Findings indicated a positive correlation between the PSS and EDSS (r = 0.735, P < 0.001) and a negative correlation between the PSS and HRHS total score (r = -0.441, P < 0.001). After adjusting for the confounding factors, the EDSS was found to have a positive predictive effect on the PSS (β = 2.743, P = 0.000), and the HRHS was found to have a negative predictive effect on the PSS (β = -0.152, P = 0.04). Mediation analysis showed a direct effect of the EDSS on the PSS, and as a mediating variable for health-related hardiness (α = -1.928, b = -0.152, c = 2.743, c' = 2.481), which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mediating effect of health-related hardiness accounted for 10.68% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS As a mediating variable, health-related hardiness indirectly affected perceived stress caused by physical disability and improved health-related hardiness. This was beneficial in reducing psychological stress and promoting mental health in NMOSD female patients.
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Yoshioka-Maeda K, Shiomi M, Katayama T, Hosoya N, Kuroda M. Effectiveness of an educational program for mid-level Japanese public health nurses to improve program planning competencies: A preliminary randomized control trial. Public Health Nurs 2019; 36:388-400. [PMID: 30723954 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of an education program for mid-level Japanese public health nurses (PHNs) to improve their competencies in program planning, which will fulfill community health needs. DESIGN Randomized control trial. SAMPLE During 2017, 103 PHNs with 5-20 years of PHN work experience in Japan were enrolled and randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 51) or control group (n = 52). MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome measured competency in program planning based on Competency Measurement of Creativity for PHNs (CMC), knowledge, and skills regarding program planning. INTERVENTION Six web-based learning modules followed by two face-to-face group sessions. RESULTS The PHN participants averaged about 12 years of experience. In the intervention group, 25 PHNs completed all modules (49.0%). Post intervention, there were no statistically significant differences among any between-group CMC scores. However, the intervention group's CMC 3 score was significantly higher than that of the control group of ≥12 years of experience. Total knowledge and skill scores also improved significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that PHNs with ≥12 years of experience are a suitable target of this educational program, and should play a key role in program planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Yoshioka-Maeda
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
| | - Misa Shiomi
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Katayama
- Department of Statistic and Computer Science, College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Noriko Hosoya
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mariko Kuroda
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Iwaki Meisei University, Fukushima, Japan
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Losa-Iglesias ME, López López D, Rodriguez Vazquez R, Becerro de Bengoa-Vallejo R. Relationships between social skills and self-esteem in nurses: a questionnaire study. Contemp Nurse 2018; 53:681-690. [PMID: 29451080 DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2018.1441729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study attempts to evaluate whether nurses' social skills are related to their self-concept and self-esteem. METHODS A descriptive survey study was developed to 464 nurses who had worked for a minimum of one year in adult or pediatric services. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) and the Scale of Social Skills (SSS) by Gismero were used to measure nurses' self-esteem and social skills, respectively. RESULTS Evaluation of self-esteem and social skills revealed no significant associations between sex and specific nursing speciality, (p > .05). Significant differences were observed based on the marital status for RSE and SSS Factor 1 (RSE, p = .013; SSS-F1, p = .033). Correlation and regression analyses demonstrated a significant correlation between nurse self-esteem and some social skills factors. CONCLUSION This study shows that there exists a relationship between higher self-esteem and self-concept among nurses and this issue can affect effective communication with patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias
- a Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos , Avda. de Atenas, s/n - 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid , Spain
| | - Daniel López López
- b Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad da Coruña , Campus de Esteiro, s/n - 28 15403, El Ferrol, A Coruña , Spain
| | - Rocío Rodriguez Vazquez
- a Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos , Avda. de Atenas, s/n - 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid , Spain
| | - Ricardo Becerro de Bengoa-Vallejo
- c Escuela Universitaria Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Avenida Complutense, Madrid 28040 , Spain
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Omura M, Stone TE, Maguire J, Levett-Jones T. Exploring Japanese nurses' perceptions of the relevance and use of assertive communication in healthcare: A qualitative study informed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2018; 67:100-107. [PMID: 29852398 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hierarchical nature of healthcare environments presents a key risk factor for effective interprofessional communication. Power differentials evident in traditional healthcare cultures can make it difficult for healthcare professionals to raise concerns and be assertive when they have concerns about patient safety. This issue is of particular concern in Japan where inherent cultural and social norms discourage assertive communication. AIM The aim of this study was to (a) explore nurses' perceptions of the relevance and use of assertive communication in Japanese healthcare environments; and (b) identify the factors that facilitate or impede assertive communication by Japanese nurses. DESIGN A belief elicitation qualitative study informed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour was conducted and reported according to the COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS Twenty-three practicing Japanese registered nurses were recruited by snowball sampling from October 2016 to January 2017. METHODS Individual face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted and transcribed in Japanese and then translated into English. Two researchers independently conducted a directed content analysis informed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Participants' responses were labelled in order of frequency for behavioural beliefs about the consequences of assertive communication, sources of social pressure, and factors that facilitate or impede assertive communication in Japanese healthcare environments. FINDINGS Although person-centred care and patient advocacy were core values for many of the participants, strict hierarchies, age-based seniority, and concerns about offending a colleague or causing team disharmony impeded their use of assertive communication. Novice nurses were particularly reluctant to speak up because of their perception of having limited knowledge and experience. CONCLUSION This study identified Japanese nurses' behavioural, normative, and control beliefs in relation to assertive communication. The findings will be used to inform the development of a culturally appropriate assertiveness communication training program for Japanese nurses and nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieko Omura
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Teresa E Stone
- Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intavaroros Road Sripum District, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Jane Maguire
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Tracy Levett-Jones
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Eklund C, Elfström ML, Eriksson Y, Söderlund A. Development of the web application My Stress Control—Integrating theories and existing evidence. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2018.1489457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Eklund
- Division of physiotherapy, School of health, care and social welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Magnus L. Elfström
- Division of psychology, School of health, care and social welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Eriksson
- Division of informational design, School of innovation, design and engineering, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - Anne Söderlund
- Division of physiotherapy, School of health, care and social welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
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Eklund C, Elfström ML, Eriksson Y, Söderlund A. User experiences from a web-based, self-management programme: struggling with what I need when stress management is about me. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21679169.2018.1468814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Eklund
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Magnus L. Elfström
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Eriksson
- School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - Anne Söderlund
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
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Speed BC, Goldstein BL, Goldfried MR. Assertiveness training: A forgotten evidence‐based treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Effects of Brief Communication Skills Training for Workers Based on the Principles of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 59:61-66. [PMID: 28045799 PMCID: PMC5704672 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stimulating communication is an important workplace issue. We investigated the effects of a brief communication skills training (CST) program based on the principles of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 206 white-collar workers. The intervention group underwent a 2-hour CST group training conducted by an occupational physician. RESULT The results of the intention-to-treat analysis using a mixed-effects model showed that there was a significant interaction between group and time observed for the item "thinking together to solve problems and issues" (P = 0.02). The effect size (Cohen d) was 0.35 (95% confidence interval, 0.07 to 0.62). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that a brief CST based on the principles of CBT could improve the communication behavior of workers.
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Stratton E, Lampit A, Choi I, Calvo RA, Harvey SB, Glozier N. Effectiveness of eHealth interventions for reducing mental health conditions in employees: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189904. [PMID: 29267334 PMCID: PMC5739441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many organisations promote eHealth applications as a feasible, low-cost method of addressing mental ill-health and stress amongst their employees. However, there are good reasons why the efficacy identified in clinical or other samples may not generalize to employees, and many Apps are being developed specifically for this group. The aim of this paper is to conduct the first comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the evidence for the effectiveness and examine the relative efficacy of different types of eHealth interventions for employees. Methods Systematic searches were conducted for relevant articles published from 1975 until November 17, 2016, of trials of eHealth mental health interventions (App or web-based) focused on the mental health of employees. The quality and bias of all identified studies was assessed. We extracted means and standard deviations from published reports, comparing the difference in effect sizes (Hedge’s g) in standardized mental health outcomes. We meta-analysed these using a random effects model, stratified by length of follow up, intervention type, and whether the intervention was universal (unselected) or targeted to selected groups e.g. “stressed”. Results 23 controlled trials of eHealth interventions were identified which overall suggested a small positive effect at both post intervention (g = 0.24, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.35) and follow up (g = 0.23, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.42). There were differential short term effects seen between the intervention types whereby Mindfulness based interventions (g = 0.60, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.85, n = 6) showed larger effects than the Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) based (g = 0.15, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.29, n = 11) and Stress Management based (g = 0.17, 95%CI -0.01 to 0.34, n = 6) interventions. The Stress Management interventions however differed by whether delivered to universal or targeted groups with a moderately large effect size at both post-intervention (g = 0.64, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.85) and follow-up (g = 0.69, 95% CI 0.06 to 1.33) in targeted groups, but no effect in unselected groups. Interpretation There is reasonable evidence that eHealth interventions delivered to employees may reduce mental health and stress symptoms post intervention and still have a benefit, although reduced at follow-up. Despite the enthusiasm in the corporate world for such approaches, employers and other organisations should be aware not all such interventions are equal, many lack evidence, and achieving the best outcomes depends upon providing the right type of intervention to the correct population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Stratton
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Amit Lampit
- School of Psychiatry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Isabella Choi
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rafael A. Calvo
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samuel B. Harvey
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
- St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas Glozier
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Yoshinaga N, Nakamura Y, Tanoue H, MacLiam F, Aoishi K, Shiraishi Y. Is modified brief assertiveness training for nurses effective? A single-group study with long-term follow-up. J Nurs Manag 2017; 26:59-65. [PMID: 28744987 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of modified brief assertiveness training (with cognitive techniques) for nurses. BACKGROUND Most assertiveness training takes a long time to conduct; thus, briefer training is required for universal on-the-job training in the workplace. METHODS In this single-group study, nurses received two 90-min training sessions with a 1-month interval between sessions. The degree of assertiveness was assessed by using the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule as the primary outcome, at four time points: pre- and post-training, 3-month follow-up and 6-month follow-up. RESULTS A total of 33 nurses received the training, and the mean Rathus Assertiveness Schedule score improved from -14.2 (SD = 16.5) pre-training to -10.5 (SD = 18.0) post-training (p < .05). These improvements were maintained until the 6-month follow-up. The pre-post effect size of 0.22 (indicating small effect) was larger than the effect sizes ranging from -0.56 to 0.17 (no effect) reported in previous studies that used brief training. CONCLUSIONS Modified brief assertiveness training seems feasible and may achieve long-term favourable outcomes in improving assertiveness among nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT The ease of implementation of assertiveness training is important because creating an open environment for communication leads to improved job satisfaction, improved nursing care and increased patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yoshinaga
- Organisation for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yohei Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Science, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanoue
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Fionnula MacLiam
- Dublin South East/Wicklow, The Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Keiko Aoishi
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuko Shiraishi
- Faculty of Nursing, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
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Nakamura Y, Yoshinaga N, Tanoue H, Kato S, Nakamura S, Aoishi K, Shiraishi Y. Development and evaluation of a modified brief assertiveness training for nurses in the workplace: a single-group feasibility study. BMC Nurs 2017; 16:29. [PMID: 28592922 PMCID: PMC5461750 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-017-0224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective communication has a great impact on nurses’ job satisfaction, team relationships, as well as patient care/safety. Previous studies have highlighted the various beneficial effects of enhancing communication through assertiveness training programs for nurses. However, most programs take a long time to implement; thus, briefer programs are urgently required for universal on-the-job-training in the workplace. The purpose of this feasibility study was to develop and evaluate a modified brief assertiveness training program (with cognitive techniques) for nurses in the workplace. Methods This study was carried out as a single-group, open trial (pre-post comparison without a control group). Registered nurses and assistant nurses, working at two private psychiatric hospitals in Miyazaki Prefecture in Japan, were recruited. After enrolling in the study, participants received a program of two 90-min sessions with a 1-month interval between sessions. The primary outcome was the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS), with secondary measurements using the Brief Version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) and the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ). Assessments were conducted at baseline and after a 1-month interval (pre- and post-intervention). Results A total of 22 participants enrolled in the study and completed the program. The mean total score on the primary outcome (RAS) significantly improved from −12.9 (SD = 17.2) to −8.6 (SD = 18.6) (p = 0.01). The within-group effect size at the post-intervention was Cohen’s d = 0.24; this corresponds to the small effect of the program. Regarding secondary outcomes, there were no statistically significant effects on the BFNE or any of the BJSQ subscales (job-stressors, psychological distress, physical distress, worksite support, and satisfaction). Conclusions This single-group feasibility study demonstrated that our modified brief assertiveness training for nurses seems feasible and may achieve a favorable outcome in improving their assertiveness. Further controlled trials with longer follow-up periods are required in order to address the limitations of this study. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12912-017-0224-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Science, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki 889-1692 Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshinaga
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki 889-1692 Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanoue
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki 889-1692 Japan
| | - Sayaka Kato
- Center for Medical Education and Career Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki 889-1692 Japan
| | - Sayoko Nakamura
- Department of Nursing, University of Miyazaki Hospital, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki 889-1692 Japan
| | - Keiko Aoishi
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki 889-1692 Japan
| | - Yuko Shiraishi
- Faculty of Nursing, International University of Health and Welfare, 1-7-4 Momochihama, Sawara, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0001 Japan
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Ryan C, Bergin M, Chalder T, Wells JS. Web-based interventions for the management of stress in the workplace: Focus, form, and efficacy. J Occup Health 2017; 59:215-236. [PMID: 28320977 PMCID: PMC5478505 DOI: 10.1539/joh.16-0227-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review sought to determine what is currently known about the focus, form, and efficacy of web-based interventions that aim to support the well-being of workers and enable them to manage their work-related stress. METHOD A scoping review of the literature as this relates to web-based interventions for the management of work-related stress and supporting the psychological well-being of workers was conducted. RESULTS Forty-eight web-based interventions were identified and reviewed, the majority of which (n = 37) were "individual" -focused and utilized cognitive-behavioral techniques, relaxation exercises, mindfulness, or cognitive behavior therapy. Most interventions identified were provided via a website (n = 34) and were atheoretical in nature. CONCLUSIONS There is some low-to-moderate quality evidence that "individual" -focused interventions are effective for supporting employee well-being and managing their work-related stress. There are few web-based interventions that target "organizational" or "individual/organization" interface factors, and there is limited support for their efficacy. A clear gap appears to exist between work-stress theory and its application in the design and development of web-based interventions for the management of work-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathal Ryan
- Department of Nursing and Health Care, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology
| | - Michael Bergin
- Department of Nursing and Health Care, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology
| | | | - John Sg Wells
- School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology
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Abstract
Despite a recent high funding priority on technological aspects of research and a high potential impact of Web-based interventions on health, few guidelines for the development of Web-based interventions are currently available. In this article, we propose practical guidelines for development of Web-based interventions based on an empirical study and an integrative literature review. The empirical study aimed at development of a Web-based physical activity promotion program that was specifically tailored to Korean American midlife women. The literature review included a total of 202 articles that were retrieved through multiple databases. On the basis of the findings of the study and the literature review, we propose directions for development of Web-based interventions in the following steps: (1) meaningfulness and effectiveness, (2) target population, (3) theoretical basis/program theory, (4) focus and objectives, (5) components, (6) technological aspects, and (7) logistics for users. The guidelines could help promote further development of Web-based interventions at this early stage of Web-based interventions in nursing.
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Maruyama A, Suzuki E, Takayama Y. Factors affecting burnout in female nurses who have preschool-age children. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2015; 13:123-34. [DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Maruyama
- Faculty of Nursing; Kyoritsu Women's University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Eiko Suzuki
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences; International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuko Takayama
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences; International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School; Tokyo Japan
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Asi Karakaş S, Okanli A. The Effect of Assertiveness Training on the Mobbing That Nurses Experience. Workplace Health Saf 2015; 63:446-51. [DOI: 10.1177/2165079915591708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This research was designed to determine the impact of assertiveness training on the mobbing experience of nurses. This study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, 218 nurses completed the mobbing scale; the education group consisted of 38 nurses who received a score at or above 204 points. A total of 180 nurses were excluded from the education group because they received less than 204 points. The study was conducted with 30 nurses because 8 nurses did not agree to participate in the study. The 30 nurses received the assertiveness training program. Six months after training, the nurses completed the mobbing scale and Rathus Assertiveness Inventory (RAI) again. The assertiveness training positively affected the assertiveness and mobbing scores ( p = .000). After the training, the assertiveness scores increased and the mobbing condition score decreased ( p < .01). Assertiveness training is an effective method for decreasing mobbing. In line with these results, training programs, which support nurses’ personal development by providing counseling and support to nurse victims of mobbing, are recommended.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers can suffer from occupational stress as a result of lack of skills, organisational factors, and low social support at work. This may lead to distress, burnout and psychosomatic problems, and deterioration in quality of life and service provision. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of work- and person-directed interventions compared to no intervention or alternative interventions in preventing stress at work in healthcare workers. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, NIOSHTIC-2 and Web of Science up to November 2013. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions aimed at preventing psychological stress in healthcare workers. For organisational interventions, interrupted time-series and controlled before-and-after (CBA) studies were also eligible. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed trial quality. We used Standardised Mean Differences (SMDs) where authors of trials used different scales to measure stress or burnout. We combined studies that were similar in meta-analyses. We used the GRADE system to rate the quality of the evidence. MAIN RESULTS In this update, we added 39 studies, making a total of 58 studies (54 RCTs and four CBA studies), with 7188 participants. We categorised interventions as cognitive-behavioural training (CBT) (n = 14), mental and physical relaxation (n = 21), combined CBT and relaxation (n = 6) and organisational interventions (n = 20). Follow-up was less than one month in 24 studies, one to six in 22 studies and more than six months in 12 studies. We categorised outcomes as stress, anxiety or general health.There was low-quality evidence that CBT with or without relaxation was no more effective in reducing stress symptoms than no intervention at one month follow-up in six studies (SMD -0.27 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) -0.66 to 0.13; 332 participants). But at one to six months follow-up in seven studies (SMD -0.38, 95% CI -0.59 to -0.16; 549 participants, 13% relative risk reduction), and at more than six months follow-up in two studies (SMD -1.04, 95% CI -1.37 to -0.70; 157 participants) CBT with or without relaxation reduced stress more than no intervention.CBT interventions did not lead to a considerably greater effect than an alternative intervention, in three studies.Physical relaxation (e.g. massage) was more effective in reducing stress than no intervention at one month follow-up in four studies (SMD -0.48, 95% CI -0.89 to -0.08; 97 participants) and at one to six months follow-up in six studies (SMD -0.47; 95% CI -0.70 to -0.24; 316 participants). Two studies did not find a considerable difference in stress between massage and taking extra breaks.Mental relaxation (e.g. meditation) led to similar stress symptom levels as no intervention at one to six months follow-up in six studies (SMD -0.50, 95% CI -1.15 to 0.15; 205 participants) but to less stress in one study at more than six months follow-up. One study showed that mental relaxation reduced stress more effectively than attending a course on theory analysis and another that it was more effective than just relaxing in a chair.Organisational interventions consisted of changes in working conditions, organising support, changing care, increasing communication skills and changing work schedules. Changing work schedules (from continuous to having weekend breaks and from a four-week to a two-week schedule) reduced stress with SMD -0.55 (95% CI -0.84 to -0.25; 2 trials, 180 participants). Other organisational interventions were not more effective than no intervention or an alternative intervention.We graded the quality of the evidence for all but one comparison as low. For CBT this was due to the possibility of publication bias, and for the other comparisons to a lack of precision and risk of bias. Only for relaxation versus no intervention was the evidence of moderate quality. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is low-quality evidence that CBT and mental and physical relaxation reduce stress more than no intervention but not more than alternative interventions. There is also low-quality evidence that changing work schedules may lead to a reduction of stress. Other organisational interventions have no effect on stress levels. More randomised controlled trials are needed with at least 120 participants that compare the intervention to a placebo-like intervention. Organisational interventions need better focus on reduction of specific stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani H Ruotsalainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational HealthCochrane Occupational Safety and Health Review GroupPO Box 310KuopioFinland70101
| | - Jos H Verbeek
- Finnish Institute of Occupational HealthCochrane Occupational Safety and Health Review GroupPO Box 310KuopioFinland70101
| | - Albert Mariné
- Corporacio Sanitaria Parc Tauli de SabadellPrevention ServiceParc Tauli s/nSabadellCataloniaSpain08208
| | - Consol Serra
- Pompeu Fabra UniversityCiSAL ‐ Centre for Occupational HealthPRBB BuildinngDr Aiguader, 88BarcelonaSpain08003
- Parc de Salut MAROccupational Health ServicePasseig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 25‐29BarcelonaSpain08003
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Spain
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers can suffer from occupational stress as a result of lack of skills, organisational factors, and low social support at work. which may lead to distress, burnout and psychosomatic problems, and deterioration in quality of life and service provision. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of work- and person-directed interventions compared to no intervention or alternative interventions in preventing stress at work in healthcare workers. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, NIOSHTIC-2 and Web of Science up to November 2013. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions aimed at preventing psychological stress in healthcare workers. For organisational interventions, interrupted time-series and controlled before-and-after (CBA) studies were also eligible. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed trial quality. We used Standardised Mean Differences (SMDs) where authors of trials used different scales to measure stress or burnout. We combined studies that were similar in meta-analyses. We used the GRADE system to rate the quality of the evidence. MAIN RESULTS In this update, we added 39 studies, making a total of 58 studies (54 RCTs and four CBA studies), with 7188 participants. We categorised interventions as cognitive-behavioural training (CBT) (n = 14), mental and physical relaxation (n = 21), combined CBT and relaxation (n = 6) and organisational interventions (n = 20). Follow-up was less than one month in 24 studies, one to six in 22 studies and more than six months in 12 studies. We categorised outcomes as stress, anxiety or general health.There was low-quality evidence that CBT with or without relaxation was no more effective in reducing stress symptoms than no intervention at one month follow-up in six studies (SMD -0.27 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) -0.66 to 0.13; 332 participants). But at one to six months follow-up in seven studies (SMD -0.38, 95% CI -0.59 to -0.16; 549 participants, 13% relative risk reduction), and at more than six months follow-up in two studies (SMD -1.04, 95% CI -1.37 to -0.70; 157 participants) CBT with or without relaxation reduced stress more than no intervention.CBT interventions did not lead to a considerably greater effect than an alternative intervention, in three studies.Physical relaxation (e.g. massage) was more effective in reducing stress than no intervention at one month follow-up in four studies (SMD -0.48, 95% CI -0.89 to -0.08; 97 participants) and at one to six months follow-up in six studies (SMD -0.47; 95% CI -0.70 to -0.24; 316 participants). Two studies did not find a considerable difference in stress between massage and taking extra breaks.Mental relaxation (e.g. meditation) led to similar stress symptom levels as no intervention at one to six months follow-up in six studies (SMD -0.50, 95% CI -1.15 to 0.15; 205 participants) but to less stress in one study at more than six months follow-up. One study showed that mental relaxation reduced stress more effectively than attending a course on theory analysis and another that it was more effective than just relaxing in a chair.Organisational interventions consisted of changes in working conditions, organising support, changing care, increasing communication skills and changing work schedules. Changing work schedules (from continuous to having weekend breaks and from a four-week to a two-week schedule) reduced stress with SMD -0.55 (95% CI -0.84 to -0.25; 2 trials, 180 participants). Other organisational interventions were not more effective than no intervention or an alternative intervention.We graded the quality of the evidence for all but one comparison as low. For CBT this was due to the possibility of publication bias, and for the other comparisons to a lack of precision and risk of bias. Only for relaxation versus no intervention was the evidence of moderate quality. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is low-quality evidence that CBT and mental and physical relaxation reduce stress more than no intervention but not more than alternative interventions. There is also low-quality evidence that changing work schedules may lead to a reduction of stress. Other organisational interventions have no effect on stress levels. More randomised controlled trials are needed with at least 120 participants that compare the intervention to a placebo-like intervention. Organisational interventions need better focus on reduction of specific stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani H Ruotsalainen
- Cochrane Occupational Safety and Health Review Group, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 310, Kuopio, 70101, Finland.
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Abstract
Background Healthcare workers can suffer from occupational stress as a result of lack of skills, organisational factors, and low social support at work.which may lead to distress, burnout and psychosomatic problems, and deterioration in quality of life and service provision.Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of work- and person-directed interventions compared to no intervention or alternative interventions in preventing stress at work in healthcare workers.Search methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL,NIOSHTIC-2 and Web of Science up to November 2013.Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions aimed at preventing psychological stress in healthcare workers. For organisational interventions, interrupted time-series and controlled before-and-after (CBA) studies were also eligible.Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed trial quality. We used Standardised Mean Differences (SMDs) where authors of trials used different scales to measure stress or burnout. We combined studies that were similar in meta-analyses. We used the GRADE system to rate the quality of the evidence.Main results In this update, we added 39 studies, making a total of 58 studies (54 RCTs and four CBA studies), with 7188 participants. We categorised interventions as cognitive-behavioural training (CBT) (n = 14), mental and physical relaxation (n = 21), combined CBT and relaxation (n = 6) and organisational interventions (n = 20). Follow-up was less than one month in 24 studies, one to six in 22 studies and more than six months in 12 studies. We categorised outcomes as stress, anxiety or general health. There was low-quality evidence that CBT with or without relaxation was no more effective in reducing stress symptoms than no intervention at one month follow-up in six studies (SMD -0.27 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) -0.66 to 0.13; 332 participants). But at one to six months follow-up in seven studies (SMD -0.38, 95% CI -0.59 to -0.16; 549 participants, 13% relative risk reduction),and at more than six months follow-up in two studies (SMD -1.04, 95% CI -1.37 to -0.70; 157 participants) CBT with or without relaxation reduced stress more than no intervention.CBT interventions did not lead to a considerably greater effect than an alternative intervention, in three studies.Physical relaxation (e.g. massage) was more effective in reducing stress than no intervention at one month follow-up in four studies(SMD -0.48, 95% CI -0.89 to -0.08; 97 participants) and at one to six months follow-up in six studies (SMD -0.47; 95% CI -0.70 to-0.24; 316 participants). Two studies did not find a considerable difference in stress between massage and taking extra breaks.Mental relaxation (e.g. meditation) led to similar stress symptom levels as no intervention at one to six months follow-up in six studies(SMD -0.50, 95% CI -1.15 to 0.15; 205 participants) but to less stress in one study at more than six months follow-up. One study showed that mental relaxation reduced stress more effectively than attending a course on theory analysis and another that it was more effective than just relaxing in a chair.Organisational interventions consisted of changes in working conditions, organising support, changing care, increasing communication skills and changing work schedules. Changing work schedules (from continuous to having weekend breaks and from a four-week to a two-week schedule) reduced stress with SMD -0.55 (95% CI -0.84 to -0.25; 2 trials, 180 participants). Other organisational interventions were not more effective than no intervention or an alternative intervention.We graded the quality of the evidence for all but one comparison as low. For CBT this was due to the possibility of publication bias,and for the other comparisons to a lack of precision and risk of bias. Only for relaxation versus no intervention was the evidence of moderate quality.Authors' conclusions There is low-quality evidence that CBT and mental and physical relaxation reduce stress more than no intervention but not more than alternative interventions. There is also low-quality evidence that changing work schedules may lead to a reduction of stress. Other organisational interventions have no effect on stress levels.More randomised controlled trials are needed with at least 120 participants that compare the intervention to a placebo-like intervention. Organisational interventions need better focus on reduction of specific stressors.
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UMANODAN R, SHIMAZU A, MINAMI M, KAWAKAMI N. Effects of computer-based stress management training on psychological well-being and work performance in japanese employees: a cluster randomized controlled trial. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2014; 52:480-491. [PMID: 25055847 PMCID: PMC4273016 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2013-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a computer-based stress management training (SMT) program in improving employees' psychological well-being and work performance. A total of 12 work units (N=263) were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (8 work units, n=142) or to a wait-list control group (4 work units, n=121). All participants were requested to answer online questionnaires assessing psychological well-being as a primary outcome, and coping style, social support, and knowledge about stress management as secondary outcomes at baseline (T0), immediately after the intervention (T1), and 2 months after the intervention (T2). The group × time interaction was tested using a mixed-model repeated measures ANOVA. Results showed a group × time interaction for "knowledge about stress management" in the entire sample. Among participants who had more than 3 d of training, a significant group × time interaction was observed for "problem-solving" and "avoidance and suppression" as well as "knowledge about stress management." Our computer-based stress management program was effective for improving knowledge about stress management. It was also effective for improving coping skills in instances where participants had enough time (at least 3 d) to complete all sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rino UMANODAN
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The
University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito SHIMAZU
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The
University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahide MINAMI
- Department of Public Health / Health Policy, The University
of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norito KAWAKAMI
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The
University of Tokyo, Japan
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Cho YH. Relationship of Psychiatric Nurse Image, Job Satisfaction and Assertiveness of Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.12934/jkpmhn.2014.23.3.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Baba VV, Tourigny L, Wang X, Lituchy T, Inés Monserrat S. Stress among nurses: a multi‐nation test of the demand‐control‐support model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1108/ccm-02-2012-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tanabe M, Suzukamo Y, Tsuji I, Izumi SI. Communication training improves sense of performance expectancy of public health nurses engaged in long-term elderly prevention care program. ISRN NURSING 2012; 2012:430560. [PMID: 23213565 PMCID: PMC3507045 DOI: 10.5402/2012/430560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the effectiveness of a communication skill training based on a coaching theory for public health nurses (PHNs) who are engaged in Japan's long-term care prevention program. The participants in this study included 112 PHNs and 266 service users who met with these PHNs in order to create a customized care plan within one month after the PHNs' training. The participants were divided into three groups: a supervised group in which the PHNs attended the 1-day training seminar and the follow-up supervision; a seminar group attended only the 1-day training seminar; a control group. The PHNs' sense of performance expectancy, and user's satisfaction, user's spontaneous behavior were evaluated at the baseline (T1), at one month (T2), and at three months (T3) after the PHNs' training. At T3, the PHNs performed a recalled evaluation (RE) of their communication skills before the training. The PHNs' sense of performance expectancy increased significantly over time in the supervised group and the control group (F = 11.28, P < 0.001; F = 4.03, P < 0.05, resp.). The difference score between T3-RE was significantly higher in the supervised group than the control group (P < 0.01). No significant differences in the users' outcomes were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Tanabe
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan ; Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai 981-8522, Japan
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Hirokawa K, Taniguchi T, Tsuchiya M, Kawakami N. Effects of a stress management program for hospital staffs on their coping strategies and interpersonal behaviors. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2012; 50:487-498. [PMID: 23047085 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.ms1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined effects of a 3-h stress management program for Japanese hospital staffs that included relaxation and assertion training. Twenty-seven hospital staffs (mean age: 29.4 yr) in a stress management group and 28 hospital staffs (mean age: 29.5 yr) in a wait-list group answered evaluation surveys at both pre- and post-intervention. Self-administered questionnaires including items on job stress, coping strategies, and interpersonal behaviors were evaluated. The stress management program was given six different participant groups: 3 groups were the stress management group and 3 groups were the wait-list group. The program increased active coping and decreased dependent behavior scores significantly in the stress management group, while decreasing assertive behavior scores in the wait-list group. A comparison of the education sub-groups showed that the first group had significantly increased assertiveness and decreased dependency scores. The second group had significantly decreased depression-anxiety scores. The data analyzed for men and women separately showed the stress management intervention significantly improved active coping and assertive behavior in men and dependent behavior in women. A brief one-time stress management program can be effective in improving active coping and assertive behaviors as well as reducing dependent behavior in hospital staffs. Sex differences were noteworthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Hirokawa
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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Uchiyama A, Odagiri Y, Ohya Y, Suzuki A, Hirohata K, Kosugi S, Shimomitsu T. Association of social skills with psychological distress among female nurses in Japan. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2011; 49:677-685. [PMID: 22020011 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.ms1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nursing is a highly stressful occupation. Because nursing work involves interaction with patients and colleagues, competence in social skills may be a key issue in stress management among nurses. However, there are very few studies among nurses focused on social skills together with social support, both of which are important aspects of job stress. The aim of this study was to examine the interrelationships between social skills and social support with job stressors, problem-solving coping, and psychological distress among Japanese nurses. Data from a self-administered questionnaire of 1,197 female nurses who worked for 5 general hospitals in Japan were analyzed. Covariance structure analysis with structural equation modeling techniques showed that social skills and social support were positively related to each other, while they were negatively associated with psychological distress and job stressors, and positively associated with problem-solving coping. Furthermore, the direct association between social skills and psychological distress was stronger than the association between social support and psychological distress. These findings suggested that improving not only social support at work but also individual social skills is important for nurses' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Uchiyama
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Ridge M, Wells J, Denny M, Cunningham J, Chalder T. Developing a web-based stress management intervention for occupational support workers. J Ment Health 2011; 20:185-97. [PMID: 21406020 DOI: 10.3109/09638237.2011.556162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational support workers in the mental healthcare sector are exposed to considerable occupational stress and have little access to stress management facilities. AIMS This article describes the process behind creating a web-based stress management intervention (SMI) for occupational support workers in the mental healthcare sector. METHOD Mixed methods were used to inform the content of the web-based SMI, following MRC strategy for designing interventions and PRIMA-EF guidelines for best practice in SMI design. We conducted a literature review to ascertain the content of interventions that had been shown to be successful in reducing stress in mental healthcare populations. In addition, we conducted focus groups in order to assess specific stressors that individuals in the occupational support sector deemed to be important. RESULTS The literature review showed that a variety of methods had been successful for reducing occupational stress in the mental healthcare sector including: Relaxation and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy techniques, and skills training in; time management, problem-solving and communication. Individuals in the focus groups identified both personal and organisational stressors to be addressed in the intervention. CONCLUSIONS This intervention was developed with reference to a design strategy, using input from the target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ridge
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
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PURCELL STACEYR, KUTASH MARY, COBB SARAH. The relationship between nurses' stress and nurse staffing factors in a hospital setting. J Nurs Manag 2011; 19:714-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2011.01262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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