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Ding H, Zhang M, Wang X, He S, Wang X, Chen L. Colorimetric and fluorescent independent dual "signal on" biosensor for accurate detection of ochratoxin A based on aptamer-triggered biocatalytic reactions. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1299:342440. [PMID: 38499428 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a hazardous food contaminant with significant health risks. Dual-channel OTA detection is noted for its cross-reference capability and high accuracy. Still, challenges in addressing in-system corrections and "signal off" related false positives and limited signal gains remain. Herein, we developed a dual-channel "signal on" aptasensor with one recognition process and two independent signal outputs for OTA analysis. The OTA aptamer binds to magnetic beads (MBs) and partially hybridizes with a complementary-trigger (cDNA-Trigger) sequence. Adding OTA disrupts the duplex sequence, leading to G-quadruplex (G4) formation and enrichment on the MBs, which then interacts with hemin to catalyze a color signal. Concurrently, the freed cDNA-Trigger catalyzes an enzyme-free DNA circuit, producing a fluorescence signal. The magnetic enrichment and signal amplification strategies make the proposed assay demonstrate excellent sensitivity toward OTA, with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.017 pM in the fluorescence channel and 48.1 pM in the colorimetric channel. Both channels have effectively detected OTA in grape juice and baijiu, demonstrating their applicability and reliability. Moreover, given the widespread use of smartphones globally, a mini-program with a self-correction function was designed to facilitate on-site colorimetric channel monitoring, making OTA detection more accessible and user-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Mingdi Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Shuai He
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Centre for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
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Makarski M, Piotrowska K, Żbikowski A, Pawłowski K, Rygało-Galewska A, Szmidt M, Łozicki A, Niemiec T. Silica-Calcite Sedimentary Rock (Opoka) Enhances the Immunological Status and Improves the Growth Rate in Broilers Exposed to Ochratoxin A in Feed. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:24. [PMID: 38200755 PMCID: PMC10778085 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins, such as Ochratoxin A (OTA), originating from fungi like Aspergillus and Penicillium, represent serious health hazards to poultry. The use of mycotoxin-adsorbing feed additives can reduce these risks. Opoka, a porous transitional rock, shows promise as one of these additives. This study is the first to examine the effect of Opoka administered with OTA on zootechnical parameters and the immune response of chickens. A 42-day investigation examined the impact of 1% of Opoka supplementation in feed on OTA-challenged broiler chickens. Seventy-two chickens were allocated into three groups of twenty-four individuals each: a control group, an OTA-exposed (2 mg/kg feed) group, and an OTA (2 mg/kg feed) plus 1% of Opoka group. Growth and blood parameters were monitored at predetermined intervals, and comprehensive biochemical, hematological, and cytometric analyses were conducted. The study showed that OTA exposure had a negative impact on chicken weight gain. However, adding Opoka to the diet improved weight gain, indicating its potential as a protective agent. Chickens fed with Opoka also had an increased white blood cell count, which suggests an improved immune response and elevated glucose and cholesterol concentrations. These findings indicate that Opoka may be useful in mitigating health complications caused by OTA exposure in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Makarski
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (A.R.-G.); (A.Ł.)
| | - Klara Piotrowska
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (A.R.-G.); (A.Ł.)
| | - Artur Żbikowski
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Ż.); (K.P.)
| | - Karol Pawłowski
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Ż.); (K.P.)
| | - Anna Rygało-Galewska
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (A.R.-G.); (A.Ł.)
| | - Maciej Szmidt
- Department of Morphologic Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Łozicki
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (A.R.-G.); (A.Ł.)
| | - Tomasz Niemiec
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (A.R.-G.); (A.Ł.)
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Mavioğlu Kaya M, Deveci HA, Kaya İ, Atar N, Yola ML. The Electrochemical Detection of Ochratoxin A in Apple Juice via MnCO 3 Nanostructures Incorporated into Carbon Fibers Containing a Molecularly Imprinting Polymer. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:760. [PMID: 37622846 PMCID: PMC10452824 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical sensor based on MnCO3 nanostructures incorporated into carbon fibers (MnCO3NS/CF), including a molecularly imprinting polymer (MIP), was developed for the determination of Ochratoxin A (OTA). In this study, a sensitive and selective sensor design for OTA detection was successfully performed by utilizing the selectivity and catalysis properties of MIP and the synthesized MnCO3NS/CF material at the same time. MnCO3 nanostructures incorporated into carbon fibers were first characterized by using various analytical techniques. The sensor revealed a linearity towards OTA in the range of 1.0 × 10-11-1.0 × 10-9 mol L-1 with a detection limit (LOD) of 2.0 × 10-12 mol L-1. The improved electrochemical signal strategy was achieved by high electrical conductivity on the electrode surface, providing fast electron transportation. In particular, the analysis process could be finished in less than 5.0 min without complex and expensive equipment. Lastly, the molecular imprinted electrochemical sensor also revealed superior stability, repeatability and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müge Mavioğlu Kaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kafkas University, Kars 36000, Turkey;
| | - Haci Ahmet Deveci
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27000, Turkey;
| | - İnan Kaya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kafkas University, Kars 36000, Turkey;
| | - Necip Atar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pamukkale University, Denizli 20000, Turkey;
| | - Mehmet Lütfi Yola
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep 27000, Turkey
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Yoon JW, Shin S, Park J, Lee BR, Lee SI. TLR/MyD88-Mediated Inflammation Induced in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells by Ochratoxin A Affects Intestinal Barrier Function. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050437. [PMID: 37235251 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium performs vital functions such as nutrient absorption and acting as an intestinal barrier to maintain the host's homeostasis. Mycotoxin, which affects the processing and storage of animal feedstuff, is a problematic pollutant in farming products. Ochratoxin A generated by Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi causes inflammation, intestinal dysfunction, decline in growth, and reduced intake in porcine and other livestock. Despite these ongoing problems, OTA-related studies in intestinal epithelium are lacking. This study aimed to demonstrate that OTA regulates TLR/MyD88 signaling in IPEC-J2 cells and induces barrier function impairment through tight junction reduction. We measured expression of TLR/MyD88 signaling-related mRNAs and proteins. The indicator of intestinal barrier integrity was confirmed through immunofluorescence and transepithelial electrical resistance. Additionally, we confirmed whether inflammatory cytokines and barrier function were affected by MyD88 inhibition. MyD88 inhibition alleviated inflammatory cytokine levels, tight junction reduction, and damage to barrier function due to OTA. These results indicate that OTA induces TLR/MyD88 signaling-related genes and impairs tight junctions and intestinal barrier function in IPEC-J2 cells. MyD88 regulation in OTA-treated IPEC-J2 cells mitigates the tight junction and intestinal barrier function impairments. Our findings provide a molecular understanding of OTA toxicity in porcine intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Woong Yoon
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsu Shin
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Horse Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - JeongWoong Park
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Horse Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang In Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Horse Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea
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Guo D, Huang Q, Zhao R, Guo W, Fan K, Han Z, Zhao Z, Nie D. MIL-101(Cr)@Fe3O4 nanocomposites as magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of multiple mycotoxins in agricultural products by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jilek JL, Frost KL, Marie S, Myers CM, Goedken M, Wright SH, Cherrington NJ. Attenuated Ochratoxin A Transporter Expression in a Mouse Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Protects against Proximal Convoluted Tubule Toxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:1389-1395. [PMID: 34921099 PMCID: PMC9513848 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is an abundant mycotoxin, yet the toxicological impact of its disposition is not well studied. OTA is an organic anion transporter (OAT) substrate primarily excreted in urine despite a long half-life and extensive protein binding. Altered renal transporter expression during disease, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), may influence response to OTA exposure, but the impact of NASH on OTA toxicokinetics, tissue distribution, and associated nephrotoxicity is unknown. By inducing NASH in fast food-dieted/thioacetamide-exposed mice, we evaluated the effect of NASH on a bolus OTA exposure (12.5 mg/kg by mouth) after 3 days. NASH mice presented with less gross toxicity (44% less body weight loss), and kidney and liver weights of NASH mice were 11% and 24% higher, respectively, than healthy mice. Organ and body weight changes coincided with reduced renal proximal tubule cells vacuolation, degeneration, and necrosis, though no OTA-induced hepatic lesions were found. OTA systemic exposure in NASH mice increased modestly from 5.65 ± 1.10 to 7.95 ± 0.61 mg*h/ml per kg BW, and renal excretion increased robustly from 5.55% ± 0.37% to 13.11% ± 3.10%, relative to healthy mice. Total urinary excretion of OTA increased from 24.41 ± 1.74 to 40.07 ± 9.19 µg in NASH mice, and kidney-bound OTA decreased by ∼30%. Renal OAT isoform expression (OAT1-5) in NASH mice decreased by ∼50% with reduced OTA uptake by proximal convoluted cells. These data suggest that NASH-induced OAT transporter reductions attenuate renal secretion and reabsorption of OTA, increasing OTA urinary excretion and reducing renal exposure, thereby reducing nephrotoxicity in NASH. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: These data suggest a disease-mediated transporter mechanism of altered tissue-specific toxicity after mycotoxin exposure, despite minimal systemic changes to ochratoxin A (OTA) concentrations. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the clinical relevance of this functional model and the potential effect of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis on OTA and other organic anion substrate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Jilek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona (J.L.J., K.L.F., S.M., C.M.M., N.J.C.); Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.G.); and Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Kayla L Frost
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona (J.L.J., K.L.F., S.M., C.M.M., N.J.C.); Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.G.); and Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Solène Marie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona (J.L.J., K.L.F., S.M., C.M.M., N.J.C.); Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.G.); and Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Cassandra M Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona (J.L.J., K.L.F., S.M., C.M.M., N.J.C.); Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.G.); and Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Michael Goedken
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona (J.L.J., K.L.F., S.M., C.M.M., N.J.C.); Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.G.); and Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Stephen H Wright
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona (J.L.J., K.L.F., S.M., C.M.M., N.J.C.); Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.G.); and Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona (J.L.J., K.L.F., S.M., C.M.M., N.J.C.); Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.G.); and Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
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Ben Hassouna K, Ben Salah-Abbès J, Chaieb K, Abbès S. Mycotoxins occurrence in milk and cereals in North African countries - a review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:619-635. [PMID: 36723615 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2157703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
North African countries; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia suffer from mycotoxin contamination. Various studies have indicated the presence of mycotoxins in raw milk and cereals (i.e. wheat, barley, maize and cereal-based products). Aflatoxins (AFs), Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), Ochratoxin A (OTA), Fumonisin (FB1) and Zearalenone (ZEN)-mycotoxin are the most detected due to climatic change in the region. In this review, we will present the kind of foods and feeds cereals and milk based products contaminated and the level of their contaminated mycotoxin. On the other hand, researchers try to find biologic methods to remove/mitigate mycotoxins in food and feed using bio-products. But the research works concerning legislations and mycotoxin risk assessment still rare. Therefore, it appears necessary to make review on the current status of mycotoxins in North African countries in order to explore data related to contamination of basic food in this region and to highlight the problem to the policy-makers to establish a serious legislation on this matter. On the other hand, to give more information to the worldwide readers about the impact of climate change on the food and feed pollution on mycotoxins in the Mediterranean Sea region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Ben Hassouna
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Environmental Pollutants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jalila Ben Salah-Abbès
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Chaieb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir Abbès
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,High Institute of Biotechnology of Béja, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
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Liu J, Jiang X, Peng X, Yuan Y, Shen Y, Li Y, Yan Z, Yuan X, Yang Y, Zhai S. Effects of embryo injected with ochratoxins A on hatching quality and jejunum antioxidant capacity of ducks at hatching. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:944891. [PMID: 36118355 PMCID: PMC9472544 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.944891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that ochratoxins A (OTA) exerts diverse toxicological effects, namely, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, genotoxicity, enterotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. The main objective of this study was to investigate the influence of embryonic exposure to OTA by different injection times and OTA doses on hatching quality and jejunal antioxidant capacity of ducks at hatching. In total, 480 fertilized eggs were weighed and randomly assigned into a 4 × 4 factorial design including four OTA doses (0, 2, 4, and 8 ng/g egg) on 8, 13, 18, and 23 of embryonic development (E8, E13, E18, and E23). Each treatment included 6 repeats with 5 eggs per repeat. The results showed that the injection time affected the hatching weight (P < 0.0001). The relative length of the jejunum and ileum on E18 and E23 was lower than on E8 and E13 (P < 0.05). Injection time, doses, and their interaction had no effect on jejunum morphology, namely, villous height (Vh), crypt depth (Cd), and villous height/crypt depth ratio Vh/Cd (P > 0.05). The injection time affected the activities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P < 0.0001), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (P < 0.05) and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P < 0.0001). The activity of SOD and T-AOC activities in the jejunum of ducklings injected with OTA at the E8 and E13 was lower than that injected at the E18 (P < 0.05). The highest MDA content was observed in ducklings injected with OTA at the E13 (P < 0.05). The injection time (P < 0.0001), OTA doses and their interaction affected the contents of IL-1β (P < 0.05), which significantly increased especially on E13. In conclusion, the embryo injected with ochratoxins A affected the hatching weight, the relative length of jejunum and ileum, decreased the antioxidant capacity and increased the content of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β of the jejunum.
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Carter LE, Bugiel S, Nunnikhoven A, Verster AJ, Bondy GS, Curran IHA. Genomic analysis of Fisher F344 rat kidneys from a reproductive study following dietary ochratoxin A exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 167:113302. [PMID: 35843423 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by species of Penicillium and Aspergillus, and is found in many commodities including cereal grains, nuts, and coffee. OTA is a renal carcinogen and nephrotoxin at high concentrations, targeting the proximal tubules. This study uses transcriptomics and the previously reported apical data (Bondy et al., 2021) to infer mode-of-action of OTA toxicity in male and female rats exposed to low doses of OTA in utero and throughout development. Our findings support a male-specific activation of the innate and adaptive immune responses in F1 pups to OTA exposure. This was not found in the female F1 pups, and may be due to female-specific increased p38 activity and VDR signaling. Differentially expressed genes related to karyomegaly, MAPK activity, and immune activation appears to develop from in utero exposure to OTA whereas those related to decreased kidney and liver function, and changes to reproductive pathways occur in both rat generations. Together, these transcriptional results confirm that dietary exposure to OTA causes renal toxicity as well as alterations to hepatic and reproductive pathways in rats. In utero exposure of rats to OTA results in sex-specific alterations in immune response pathways, VDR signaling, and p38 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Carter
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - S Bugiel
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - A Nunnikhoven
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - A J Verster
- Bureau of Food Surveillance and Science Integration, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - G S Bondy
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - I H A Curran
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
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Pandey AK, Samota MK, Sanches Silva A. Mycotoxins along the tea supply chain: A dark side of an ancient and high valued aromatic beverage. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8672-8697. [PMID: 35452322 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2061908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTSTea (Camellia sinensis L.) is a high valued beverage worldwide since ancient times; more than three billion cups of tea are consumed each day. Leaf extracts of the plant are used for food preservation, cosmetics, and medicinal purposes. Nevertheless, tea contaminated with mycotoxins poses a serious health threat to humans. Mycotoxin production by tea fungi is induced by a variety of factors, including poor processing methods and environmental factors such as high temperature and humidity. This review summarizes the studies published to date on mycotoxin prevalence, toxicity, the effects of climate change on mycotoxin production, and the methods used to detect and decontaminate tea mycotoxins. While many investigations in this domain have been carried out on the prevalence of aflatoxins and ochratoxins in black, green, pu-erh, and herbal teas, much less information is available on zearalenone, fumonisins, and Alternaria toxins. Mycotoxins in teas were detected using several methods; the most commonly used being the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection, followed by HPLC with tandem mass spectrometry, gas chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Further, mycotoxins decontamination methods for teas included physical, chemical, and biological methods, with physical methods being most prevalent. Finally, research gaps and future directions have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Mycology & Microbiology, Tea Research Association, North Bengal Regional R & D Center, Nagrakata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahesh K Samota
- Horticulture Crop Processing Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- Food Science, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Oeiras, Portugal
- Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
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Sun Y, Huang K, Long M, Yang S, Zhang Y. An update on immunotoxicity and mechanisms of action of six environmental mycotoxins. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112895. [PMID: 35219766 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Paradoxically, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2), fumonisin B1 (FB1), and zearalenone (ZEA) have both immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory effects. The immunotoxicity of six mycotoxins exhibits immune suppression or stimulation, which depends on multiple factors. Low doses of mycotoxins can induce an inflammatory response, but elevated levels of ones can induce immunosuppression; long-term instead of short-term mycotoxin exposure is immunosuppressive. These six mycotoxins play anti-inflammatory roles when the immunologic stimulants are present but pro-inflammatory roles when the immunologic stimulants are absent. Pigs are most sensitive animals to mycotoxins, followed by humans and poultry, rodent, and marine organism, and ruminants are the least susceptible. Female animals are more susceptible to mycotoxins than male ones. The immunosuppresion mechanism of mycotoxins are mainly in, oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy of immune cells, as well as inhibits the immunity-related signal pathways; and AFB1, OTA, DON, and T-2 induce immunostimulation via directly activating the TLRs/NF-κB pathway and other crossing pathways including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). This review strongly dispels the viewpoint that "immunotoxicity is equivalent to immunosuppression", clearly demonstrates the mechanistic pathway and how it contributes to immunosuppression or immunostimulation, thereby providing reliable references for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Sun
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Miao Long
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Shuhua Yang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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12
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Krstić M, Stupar M, Đukić-Ćosić D, Baralić K, Mračević SĐ. Health risk assessment of toxic metals and toxigenic fungi in commercial herbal tea samples from Belgrade, Serbia. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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YANG C, DONG SN, ABBAS F, CHU XL, FAN AQ, RHOUATI A, MAO J, LIU Y. Label-free fluorescence aptasensor for ochratoxin A using crystal violet as displacement-type probe. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Samuel MS, Jeyaram K, Datta S, Chandrasekar N, Balaji R, Selvarajan E. Detection, Contamination, Toxicity, and Prevention Methods of Ochratoxins: An Update Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13974-13989. [PMID: 34783556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxins (OTs) with nephrotoxic, immunosuppressive, teratogenic, and carcinogenic properties are thermostable fungal subordinate metabolites. OTs contamination can occur before or after harvesting, during the processing, packing, distribution, and storage of food. Mold development and mycotoxin contamination can occur in any crop or cereal that has not been stored properly for long periods of time and is subjected to high levels of humidity and temperature. Ochratoxin A (OTA) presents a significant health threat to creatures and individuals. There is also a concern of how human interaction with OTA will also express the remains of OTA from feedstuffs into animal-derived items. Numerous approaches have been studied for the reduction of the OTA content in agronomic products. These methods can be classified into two major classes: inhibition of OTA adulteration and decontamination or detoxification of food. A description of the various mycotoxins, the organism responsible for the development of mycotoxins, and their adverse effects are given. In the current paper, the incidence of OTA in various fodder and food materials is discussed, which is accompanied by a brief overview of the OTA mode of synthesis, physicochemical properties, toxic effects of various types of ochratoxins, and OTA decontamination adaptation methods. To our knowledge, we are the first to report on the structure of many naturally accessible OTAs and OTA metabolism. Finally, this paper seeks to be insightful and draw attention to dangerous OTA, which is too frequently neglected and overlooked in farm duplication from the list of discrepancy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin S Samuel
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Kanimozhi Jeyaram
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saptashwa Datta
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narendhar Chandrasekar
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore 641022, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramachandran Balaji
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan 106, ROC
| | - Ethiraj Selvarajan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abdelrahman RE, Khalaf AAA, Elhady MA, Ibrahim MA, Hassanen EI, Noshy PA. Quercetin ameliorates ochratoxin A-Induced immunotoxicity in broiler chickens by modulation of PI3K/AKT pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 351:109720. [PMID: 34717913 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a fungal secondary metabolite produced by certain species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, and exerts immunosuppressive effect on humans and animals. Quercetin (QUE) is one of the flavonoids produced as a plant-secondary metabolite. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of QUE against the immunotoxic hazard of OTA in broiler chickens. Forty one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly and equally allocated into four groups; control, OTA (0.5 mg/kg feed), QUE (0.5 g/kg feed) and OTA + QUE (0.5 mg/kg OTA + 0.5 g/kg QUE). The results revealed that dietary OTA induced a significant decrease in the antibody response to Newcastle Disease (ND), Infectious Bronchitis (IB) and Avian Influenza (AI) vaccination and in the lymphoproliferative response to Phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P). Ochratoxin A also induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus tissues of chickens as demonstrated by decreased CAT and GSH levels and increased TBARS content. In addition, administration of OTA resulted in apoptosis, which was evident by the increased expression level of PTEN, Bax and Caspase-3 genes and decreased expression level of PI3K, AKT and Bcl-2 genes. Furthermore, exposure to OTA resulted in various pathological lesions in the bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus of chickens. On the other hand, administration of QUE ameliorated most of the immunotoxic effects of OTAby its immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities. Taken together, the results suggested that QUE potentially alleviated the OTA-induced immunotoxicity in broiler chickens, probably through amelioration of oxidative stress and activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab E Abdelrahman
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdel Azeim A Khalaf
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elhady
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman I Hassanen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Peter A Noshy
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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16
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He W, Su J, Liu D, Huang K. Mannan Oligosaccharide Could Attenuate Ochratoxin A-Induced Immunosuppression with Long-Time Exposure Instead of Immunostimulation with Short-Time Exposure. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11461-11469. [PMID: 34542274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that ochratoxin A (OTA), one of the most common mycotoxins in feed, could induce immunosuppression with long-time exposure but immunostimulation with short-time exposure. However, limited studies for the control of OTA-induced two-way immune toxicity were carried out. This study explored the effects of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS), a glucomannoprotein complex with immunoregulatory capability derived from the yeast cell wall, on OTA-induced immune toxicity and its underlying mechanisms. Surprisingly, the results showed that MOS significantly attenuated immunosuppression induced by long-time OTA treatment but did not provide protection against immunostimulation induced by short-time OTA treatment on porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), as demonstrated by the expressions of inflammatory cytokines and the capability of migration and phagocytosis. Further, MOS increased the OTA-inhibited autophagy level and the JNK phosphorylation level on PAMs with long-time OTA treatment. In addition, the inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA or the inhibition of JNK phosphorylation by SP600125 could partly block the protective effects of MOS on OTA-induced immunosuppression. Importantly, the inhibition of JNK phosphorylation down-regulated the MOS-promoted autophagy level. In conclusion, MOS could attenuate OTA-induced immunosuppression with short-time exposure on PAMs through activating JNK-mediated autophagy but had no significant effects on OTA-induced immunostimulation with short-time exposure. Our study provides new insights into the application of MOS as an immunoregulator against mycotoxin-induced immune toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmiao He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiarui Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
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Höfs S, Hülagü D, Bennet F, Carl P, Flemig S, Schmid T, Schenk JA, Hodoroaba V, Schneider RJ. Electrochemical Immunomagnetic Ochratoxin A Sensing: Steps Forward in the Application of 3,3’,5,5’‐Tetramethylbenzidine in Amperometric Assays. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Höfs
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Reference Materials Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam OT-Golm, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Deniz Hülagü
- Department of Materials Chemistry Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 44–46 12203 Berlin Germany
| | - Francesca Bennet
- Department of Materials Chemistry Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 44–46 12203 Berlin Germany
| | - Peter Carl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Reference Materials Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Sabine Flemig
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Reference Materials Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Schmid
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Reference Materials Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Germany
- School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof (SALSA) Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Unter den Linden 6 10099 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Vasile‐Dan Hodoroaba
- Department of Materials Chemistry Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 44–46 12203 Berlin Germany
| | - Rudolf J. Schneider
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Reference Materials Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
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18
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Fernye C, Ancsin Z, Balogh K, Mézes M, Erdélyi M. Role of the glutathione redox system in the susceptibility of pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) to ochratoxin A. Acta Vet Hung 2021; 69:125-133. [PMID: 34170843 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of different dietary concentrations of ochratoxin A (OTA) on the growth, feed intake, mortality, blood plasma protein content and some parameters of lipid peroxidation and the glutathione redox system of pheasant chicks in a three-week long trial. A total of 320 seven-day-old female pheasants were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (n = 40 in each), fed with a diet artificially contaminated with OTA [control (<0.02 mg/kg), 0.88 mg/kg, 1.14 mg/kg and 1.51 mg/kg] for 21 days (up to 28 days of age). The pheasant chicks were sacrificed at early (12, 24 and 72 h) and late (7, 14 and 21 days) stages of mycotoxin exposure to check the effect of OTA. Minimal feed refusal was found in the medium- and high-dose toxin groups (-9.8 and -7.9%, respectively), and body weight gain was nearly the same in all groups. The glutathione redox system was activated mainly in the liver, confirmed by significantly increased reduced glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase activity during the late phase of mycotoxin exposure and at a high-dose treatment. The results suggest that pheasants have low susceptibility to OTA, and activation of the glutathione redox system has importance in this tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Fernye
- 1Department of Feed Safety, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter K. u. 1, H-2103, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Ancsin
- 1Department of Feed Safety, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter K. u. 1, H-2103, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Balogh
- 1Department of Feed Safety, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter K. u. 1, H-2103, Gödöllő, Hungary
- 2MTA-KE-SZIE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Miklós Mézes
- 1Department of Feed Safety, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter K. u. 1, H-2103, Gödöllő, Hungary
- 2MTA-KE-SZIE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Márta Erdélyi
- 1Department of Feed Safety, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter K. u. 1, H-2103, Gödöllő, Hungary
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Li Y, Zhao Q. Antibody- and aptamer-based competitive fluorescence polarization/anisotropy assays for ochratoxin A with tetramethylrhodamine-labeled ochratoxin A. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1612-1617. [PMID: 33734257 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the mycotoxins that often contaminate a variety of food stuffs, and it is a potential carcinogen for humans. Taking advantage of selective affinity binding and simple, rapid, and sensitive fluorescence polarization (FP)/fluorescence anisotropy (FA) analysis, here, we report two competitive FP/FA assays for OTA using tetramethylrhodamine (TMR)-labeled OTA as a fluorescence tracer and either antibody or aptamer as an affinity ligand to recognize OTA. In the absence of OTA, the TMR-labeled OTA binds with a large-sized affinity ligand, showing a high FA value due to the slow rotation of the affinity complex. When OTA is present, OTA competes with the TMR-labeled OTA tracer in binding limited amount of affinity ligand, causing more free TMR-labeled OTA and a significant FA decrease. We found that the antibody showed a stronger affinity towards TMR-labeled OTA compared to the aptamer. The antibody-based FA assay showed higher signal changes than the aptamer based FA assay due to the larger size of antibody over aptamer. The antibody-based competitive FA assay enabled the detection of 2.4 nM OTA, while the aptamer-based FA assay also achieved a detection limit of 2.4 nM OTA at 10 °C with the help of streptavidin conjugation to increase the molecular size and to improve aptamer affinity. These two competitive FA assays were selective, showing capability for analysis in diluted red wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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20
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Mukherjee M, Nandhini C, Bhatt P. Colorimetric and chemiluminescence based enzyme linked apta-sorbent assay (ELASA) for ochratoxin A detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 244:118875. [PMID: 32911460 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most widespread mycotoxin found to contaminate various food products such as cereals, spices, groundnuts, coffee, wine, beer etc. It is also carried over from contaminated feed and fodder to milk, blood, meat, kidney and liver of animals consuming it. Enzyme-linked to biorecognition molecules like antibodies or aptamers are very popular due to their ability to be used as labels or tags in biosensing formats. In this work, OTA aptamer based colorimetric and chemiluminescence biosensing formats were evaluated for the detection of OTA. The colorimetric enzyme linked apta-sorbent assay (Co-ELASA) and chemiluminescence enzyme linked apta-sorbent assay (Cl-ELASA) showed a linear detection range from 1 pg/mL to 1 μg/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.84 pg/mL for Co-ELASA (limit of quantification (LOQ) = 2.54 pg/mL) and 1.29 pg/mL for Cl-ELASA (LOQ = 3.94 pg/mL) under optimized buffer conditions. Comparison of ELASA methods with sandwich ELISA indicated that the developed techniques had sensitivity similar to the conventional technique which indicated a LOD of 1.13 pg/mL and LOQ of 3.41 pg/mL. Studies in simulated contaminated food samples by spiking OTA in groundnut and coffee bean at concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 10 ppb, indicated recoveries in the range of 50.21 to 113.27% for Co-ELASA, 90.47 to 107.72% for Cl-ELASA and 76.23 to 141.49% for ELISA. Results of the study indicate that Co-ELASA and Cl-ELASA assays could be an alternate approach for ultrasensitive detection of OTA in food samples, which can also be adapted for biosensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monali Mukherjee
- Microbiology & Fermentation Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - C Nandhini
- Microbiology & Fermentation Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru 570020, India
| | - Praveena Bhatt
- Microbiology & Fermentation Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India.
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21
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Identification of Penicillium verrucosum, Penicillium commune, and Penicillium crustosum Isolated from Chicken Eggs. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium species belong to main causative agents of food spoilage leading to significant economic losses and potential health risk for consumers. These fungi have been isolated from various food matrices, including table eggs. In this study, both conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Polymerase Chain Reaction-Internal Transcribed Spacer-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-ITS-RFLP) methods were used for species identification of Penicillium (P.) spp. isolated from the eggshells of moldy chicken eggs. Seven restriction endonucleases (Bsp1286I, XmaI, HaeIII, HinfI, MseI, SfcI, Hpy188I) were applied to create ribosomal restriction patterns of amplified ITS regions. To identify P. verrucosum, P. commune, and P. crustosum with the help of conventional PCR assay, species-specific primer pairs VERF/VERR, COMF/COMR, and CRUF/CRUR were designed on the base of 5.8 subunit-Internal Transcribed Spacer (5.8S-ITS) region. Altogether, 121 strains of microscopic filamentous fungi were isolated by traditional culture mycological examination. After morphological evaluation of both macroscopic and microscopic features, 96 strains were classified in Penicillium spp. Two molecular methods used have confirmed eight isolates as P. verrucosum, 42 isolates as P. commune, and 19 isolates as P. crustosum. Both PCR-ITS-RFLP and conventional PCR assays appear to be suitable alternatives for rapid identification of the above mentioned Penicillium species.
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Stress-Induced Phosphaturia in Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122220. [PMID: 33256062 PMCID: PMC7761182 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The weaning period is a critical period in piglets’ lives. Multiple elements, including diet change, social stress, handling, and change of physical environment, contribute to enormous stress that has health implications. This period has been studied extensively in the past, but some gaps in our knowledge remain. We attempted to fill them by biochemical characterizations of the changes in blood and urine before and after the weaning. The major finding is the observation of the release of phosphate in the urine in the apparent absence of a factor other than weaning. This release is followed by the drop of the phosphate in the blood. Additionally, we observed a population-level Bohr effect, suggesting a decrease in oxygen levels in the tissues. These results point to the development of systemic hypophosphatemia, even though modern diets used in pig breeding have an excess of phosphorus typically. This study sheds new light on the weaning period and will help researchers and veterinary practices in improving design studies and treatments around that time. Abstract The weaning period in piglets draws significant attention from researchers, veterinarians, and breeders. A substantial change in diet accompanied by enormous stress has health and welfare implications (abnormal feeding intake, infections, umbilical lesions, etc.). While the parameters like optimal age or weight for the weaning have been studied extensively, relatively less attention has been devoted to the study of stress effects in the piglets’ biochemistry. As one of the effects of stress is hyperventilation, a gasometric analysis supported by measurements of hypoxia biomarkers was conducted. Piglets blood and urine, one day and seven days before and one day and seven days after the weaning, were tested. There was no evidence of hyperventilation, but phosphaturia and hypophosphatemia were observed one and seven days postweaning, respectively. A statistical analysis across the population also pointed to minor tissue hypoxia. Our work contributes to an understanding of biochemical dynamics and helps in the interpretation of physiological changes observed in piglets in this critical period.
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Nao SC, Wu KJ, Wang W, Leung CH, Ma DL. Recent Progress and Development of G-Quadruplex-Based Luminescent Assays for Ochratoxin A Detection. Front Chem 2020; 8:767. [PMID: 33088800 PMCID: PMC7490745 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that is widespread throughout the world. It contaminates foods such as vegetables, fruits, and rice. It harms human health and has potential carcinogenic effects. The G-quadruplex (G4) is a tetraplexed DNA structure generated from guanine-rich DNA that has found emerging use in aptamer-based sensing systems. This review outlines the status of OTA contamination and conventional detection methods for OTA. Various G4-based methods to detect OTA developed in recent years are summarized along with their advantages and disadvantages compared to existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Cuo Nao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Ke-Jia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, China
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24
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Tanveer ZI, Huang Q, Liu L, Jiang K, Nie D, Pan H, Chen Y, Liu X, Luan L, Han Z, Wu Y. Reduced graphene oxide-zinc oxide nanocomposite as dispersive solid-phase extraction sorbent for simultaneous enrichment and purification of multiple mycotoxins in Coptidis rhizoma (Huanglian) and analysis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1630:461515. [PMID: 32911177 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, a robust dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) strategy using reduced graphene oxide-zinc oxide (rGO-ZnO) nanocomposite as the sorbent was proposed for separation, purification and enrichment of 12 mycotoxins in Coptidis rhizoma (Huanglian). The targeted mycotoxins included aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, aflatoxin M1, alternariol-methylether, mycophenolic acid, ochratoxin A, penitrem A, nivalenol, zearalenone and zearalanone. The rGO-ZnO nanocomposite was successfully synthesized through hydrothermal process by a modified Hummers method, and further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FTIR spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Several key parameters affecting the performance of the dSPE approach were extensively investigated, and after optimization, acetonitrile/water/formic acid (80/19/1, v/v/v) as the extraction solution, 2% acetonitrile as the adsorption solution, 15 mg rGO-ZnO as the sorbent, n-hexane as the washing solution, and methanol/formic acid (99/1, v/v) as the desorption solution presented an excellent purification and enrichment efficiency. Under the optimal dSPE procedure followed by analysis with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), adequate linearity (R2 ≥ 0.991), high sensitivity (limit of quantification in the range of 0.09-0.41 µg kg-1), acceptable recovery (70.3-105.7%) and satisfactory precision (RSD 1.4-15.0%) were obtained. The analysis of 12 selected mycotoxins was also carried out in real Coptidis rhizoma (Huanglian) samples for applicability evaluation of the established method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Iqbal Tanveer
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingwen Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Keqiu Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dongxia Nie
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Hongye Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lianjun Luan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zheng Han
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Yongjiang Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Mycotoxins Detection and Fungal Contamination in Black and Green Tea by HPLC-Based Method. J Toxicol 2020; 2020:2456210. [PMID: 32831831 PMCID: PMC7422483 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2456210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal contamination and total aflatoxins (AF) and ochratoxin A (OTA) of tea samples were examined. A total of 60 tea samples were extracted and treated with immunoaffinity columns. The amount of AF and OTA were determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector (FD). Tea samples were cultured and the fungi were identified. The results showed that 24 (40%) samples were contaminated with AFs and none of the tea samples were above the acceptable limit of AFs (≥10 μg/kg). All of the samples were contaminated with OTA where only 3 black tea samples (6.6%) and 1 green tea sample (6.7%) were detected to have more than the standard limits of toxin (10 μg·kg−1). The mean concentration of OTA in the black tea was higher than green tea. Aspergillus niger was the predominant fungi isolated from black and green tea samples. Considering the high contamination of mycotoxins in tea samples, regular monitoring in the tea process for improving quality is recommended.
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Dietary exposure and health risk characterization of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, fumonisin B1, and zearalenone in food from different provinces in Northern Vietnam. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wan J, Chen B, Rao J. Occurrence and preventive strategies to control mycotoxins in cereal-based food. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:928-953. [PMID: 33331688 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins contamination in cereal-based food is ubiquitous according to systematic review of the scientific documentation of worldwide mycotoxin contamination in cereal and their products between 2008 and 2018, thus representing food safety issue especially in developing tropical countries. Food processing plays a vital role to prevent mycotoxin contamination in food. Therefore, it is with great urgency to develop strategies to inhibit fungi growth and mycotoxin production during food processing. This review begins by discussing physicochemical properties of five most common mycotoxins (aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxins, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone) found in cereal grains, regulation for mycotoxins in food, and their potential negative impact on human health. The fate of mycotoxins during major cereal-based food processing including milling, breadmaking, extrusion, malting, and brewing was then summarized. In the end, traditional mitigation strategies including physical and chemical and potential application of biocontrol agent and essential oil nanoemulsions that can be applied during food processing were discussed. It indicated that no single method is currently available to completely prevent mycotoxin contamination in cereal foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wan
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND.,School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bingcan Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Jiajia Rao
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
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Neumann A, Brogden G, von Köckritz-Blickwede M. Extracellular Traps: An Ancient Weapon of Multiple Kingdoms. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9020034. [PMID: 32085405 PMCID: PMC7168307 DOI: 10.3390/biology9020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The discovery, in 2004, of extracellular traps released by neutrophils has extended our understanding of the mode of action of various innate immune cells. This fascinating discovery demonstrated the extracellular trapping and killing of various pathogens by neutrophils. During the last decade, evidence has accumulated showing that extracellular traps play a crucial role in the defence mechanisms of various cell types present in vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. The aim of this review is to summarise the relevant literature on the evolutionary history of extracellular traps used as a weapon in various kingdoms of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Neumann
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Baravägen 27, 22184 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Graham Brogden
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-953-8787
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Li Y, Zhang N, Wang H, Zhao Q. An immunoassay for ochratoxin A using tetramethylrhodamine-labeled ochratoxin A as a probe based on a binding-induced change in fluorescence intensity. Analyst 2020; 145:651-655. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01879d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In an immunoassay, ochratoxin A (OTA) competitively displaces the bound tetramethylrhodamine (TMR)-OTA fluorescent probe from the antibody, causing a decrease in fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Hailin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
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30
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Phytochemical screening, antifungal and antioxidant activities of three medicinal plants from Algerian steppe and Sahara (preliminary screening studies). SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1797-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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31
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Effects of ochratoxin A on membrane phospholipids of the intestine of broiler chickens, practical consequences. Animal 2019; 14:933-941. [PMID: 31662132 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119002593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by various species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. Ochratoxin A was classified as a group 2B carcinogen and is one of the major intestinal pathogenic mycotoxins. One of the most frequent modes of intoxication is consumption of contaminated food with mycotoxins. Feed represents the major cost and has a direct impact on the economical viability of broiler's production system, since it must contain the necessary elements that allow the animal to express the maximum genetic potential while providing its nutritional requirements. Thus, the animal has to digest the feed and absorb its nutrients, which is in direct correlation with the gastrointestinal tract, especially the small intestine and the development of the mucosal surface area. Once ingested, OTA is absorbed by passive diffusion, mainly the jejunum. Ochratoxin A's presence affects lipid membranes and could lead to the degradation of their normal structure and functionality. All of these effects contribute to the development of malabsorption. It was very interesting to study the effect of OTA on the layer of phospholipids of the bowel. The experimental group received OTA (0.05 to mg/kg BW) through an intra-peritoneal injection, every other day for 21 days. We noted that feed conversion ratio and average daily gain were reduced. Histological studies showed important alterations at the level of the mucosal membrane of the intestine (villosities, crypts) following intra-peritoneal administration of the mycotoxin. Thinning and enlargement at the base of the villosities, hyperplasia and crypts in irregular forms, blunting and denudation were observed through the examination of intestinal morphology. Biochemical studies, such as total lipid and phospholipid compositions, allowed us to have more detailed results. All identified mucosal phospholipids were modified, particularly the phosphatidylcholine (PC) and the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the jejunum mucosa. In fact, there was a decrease by 55.81% for PC, 56.66% for PE, while a significant increase by 32.91% was noted for phosphatidylserine in the jejunum. It was very interesting to study the effect of OTA on the phospholipids layer of the bowel, as the mucous membrane of the small intestine represents the main site of absorption and transformation of nutriments. To avoid such disturbances and prevent the effects of the OTA, precautions must be taken to inhibit mold growth at the level of the feed manufactory units. Phosphatidylcholine and PE administrations may represent an option that could allow reestablishment of phospholipid equilibrium in the intestine.
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Han Z, Zhang Y, Wang C, Liu X, Jiang A, Liu Z, Wang J, Yang Z, Wei Z. Ochratoxin A-Triggered Chicken Heterophil Extracellular Traps Release through Reactive Oxygen Species Production Dependent on Activation of NADPH Oxidase, ERK, and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11230-11235. [PMID: 31523955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin which could cause strong immunosuppressive toxicological effects in animals and humans. Heterophil extracellular traps (HETs) as a novel defense of chicken heterophils play an important role against pathogen infection. It has been reported that OTA can weaken the phagocytosis function of neutrophils. However, whether or not OTA shows immunosuppressive effects on HET release remains unclear. In the present study, we aim to first investigate the effects of OTA on HET release and then try to clarify the mechanisms in this process. OTA-induced HET structures were observed and analyzed by fluorescence confocal microscopy. The quantitative determination of OTA-induced HETs was measured by PicoGreen and a fluorescence microplate. The results clearly showed that OTA obviously induced the release of HET-like structures in heterophils, and these extracellular networks were composed by chromatin decorated with histones and neutrophil elastase. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was also increased in the process of OTA-induced HET formation. Furthermore, the inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, ERK [Formula: see text], and p38 MAPK signaling pathways significantly decreased OTA-induced HET formation. The abovementioned results suggest that OTA-induced HET formation is related to ROS production dependent on the activation of NADPH oxidase, ERK [Formula: see text], and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Taken together, this study first shows that OTA possesses the ability to trigger HET formation, which provides our understanding of the host that continuously suffered OTA exposure leading to the hyporeactivity of the immune system against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Han
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering , Foshan University , Foshan 528225 , Guangdong Province , China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun 130062 , Jilin Province , PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering , Foshan University , Foshan 528225 , Guangdong Province , China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun 130062 , Jilin Province , PR China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun 130062 , Jilin Province , PR China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun 130062 , Jilin Province , PR China
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun 130062 , Jilin Province , PR China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun 130062 , Jilin Province , PR China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun 130062 , Jilin Province , PR China
| | - Zhengtao Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering , Foshan University , Foshan 528225 , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Zhengkai Wei
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering , Foshan University , Foshan 528225 , Guangdong Province , China
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de Almeida ÂB, Corrêa IP, Furuie JL, de Farias Pires T, do Rocio Dalzoto P, Pimentel IC. Inhibition of growth and ochratoxin A production in Aspergillus species by fungi isolated from coffee beans. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:1091-1098. [PMID: 31515726 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin found in several agricultural commodities. Produced by Aspergillus spp., it is nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic and can be carcinogenic. Preventive measures are preventing fungal growth and OTA production. In this study, fungal strains (Rhizopus oryzae, Lichtheimia ramosa, Aspergillus westerdijkiae, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus sp., and Aspergillus fumigatus) isolated from coffee beans were identified for their abilities to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus westerdijkiae, Aspergillus carbonarius, and Aspergillus niger, and OTA production. All fungi strains tested were able to inhibit growth of the four Aspergillus species and OTA production, where A. niger showed the best results in both tests. L. ramosa showed the lowest growth-reducing potential, while the other fungal strains had a growth-reducing potential higher than 70% against all Aspergillus species tested. Regarding OTA production, L. ramosa and Aspergillus sp. completely inhibited the mycotoxin production by A. ochraceus and non-toxigenic strain A. niger completely inhibited OTA production by A. niger. Our findings indicate that the strains tested can be used as an alternative means to control growth of OTA-producing fungi and production of the mycotoxin in coffee beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Bozza de Almeida
- Departamento de Patologia Básica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isabela Pauluk Corrêa
- Departamento de Patologia Básica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jason Lee Furuie
- Departamento de Patologia Básica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Thiago de Farias Pires
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coração, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia do Rocio Dalzoto
- Departamento de Patologia Básica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ida Chapaval Pimentel
- Departamento de Patologia Básica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Paraná, Brazil
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34
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Kathuria P, Singh P, Sharma P, Manderville RA, Wetmore SD. Molecular Dynamics Study of One-Base Deletion Duplexes Containing the Major DNA Adduct Formed by Ochratoxin A: Effects of Sequence Context and Adduct Ionization State on Lesion Site Structure and Mutagenicity. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6980-6989. [PMID: 31311268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a ubiquitous food toxin associated with chronic nephropathy in humans and renal carcinogenicity in rodents. The mutational spectra of cells exposed to OTA reveal that one-base deletions comprise the largest percentage (73%) of the total mutations that occur upon OTA exposure. To contribute toward understanding the prevalence of OTA-induced one-base deletion mutations, the present work uses molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to analyze the conformational preferences of one-base deletion duplexes containing OT-G, the major OTA adduct (addition product) at the C8-site of guanine. Specifically, the influence of OT-G in four possible ionization states and three sequence contexts (G1, G2 and G3 in the NarI (5'-G1G2CG3CC-3'), a prokaryotic mutational hotspot sequence) on the structure of the adducted DNA is investigated. Our data reveal that the damaged helices are stable in two (B-type (B) and stacked (S)) conformations that are structurally similar to those adopted by common N-linked C8-guanine lesions. However, the adduct ionization state and sequence context affect the degree of helical distortion and the B/S conformational heterogeneity, which will impact the lesion repair and replication outcomes. This finding correlates with the experimentally reported tissue-specific mutagenicity of OTA exposure. Furthermore, regardless of the adduct conformation, ionization state, or sequence context, more stable lesion-site interactions and lack of disruption of the flanking base pairs in the one-base deletion duplexes compared to the corresponding two-base deletion helices rationalize the greater abundance of OTA induced one-base deletions. Overall, our work provides valuable structural insights that help explain the experimentally observed mutagenicity associated with OTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetleen Kathuria
- Computational Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry , Panjab University , Chandigarh 160014 , India
| | - Prebhleen Singh
- Computational Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry , Panjab University , Chandigarh 160014 , India
| | - Purshotam Sharma
- Computational Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry , Panjab University , Chandigarh 160014 , India
| | - Richard A Manderville
- Departments of Chemistry and Toxicology , University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario N1G 2W1 , Canada
| | - Stacey D Wetmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Lethbridge , Lethbridge , Alberta T1K 3M4 , Canada
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35
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Bhatti SA, Khan MZ, Saleemi MK, Hassan ZU. Impact of dietary Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans on ochratoxin A induced immunotoxicity; In vivo study. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 132:110696. [PMID: 31344370 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OA), the secondary metabolite of certain Aspergillus and Penicillium species, is one of the potent biological immune-suppressor. The present study was designed to explore the in-vivo efficacy of Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans (TR); yeast strain isolated from the hindgut of the termite Mastotermes darwiniensis, against the immunotoxicity of OA in broiler birds. For this purpose, broiler chicks were offered diet added with TR (0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 g/kg feed) and/or OA (0.15, 0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg feed) for 42 days. Dietary OA at all levels, resulted in significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in the immune response of broiler birds as recorded by vacuolation and darkly stained pyknotic nuclei in bursa of Fabricius and thymus, humoral immune responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), in-vivo lymphoproliferative response to Phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) and mononuclear phagocytic system function assay. Addition of TR in broiler diet significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) the immunotoxicity of OA at 0.15 and 0.30 mg/kg; however, against higher dietary level of OA (1.0 mg/kg), a partial protection was observed. Feeding TR alone had no immunomodulatory effect at any of tested level. Dietary addition of TR is proposed as an approach to combat the OA mediated immunological damages in broiler birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheraz Ahmed Bhatti
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zargham Khan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Saleemi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor Ul Hassan
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University-2713, Doha, Qatar
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Maroli N, Jayakrishnan A, Ramalingam Manoharan R, Kolandaivel P, Krishna K. Combined Inhibitory Effects of Citrinin, Ochratoxin-A, and T-2 Toxin on Aquaporin-2. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5755-5768. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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37
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Li Y, Zhao Q. Aptamer Structure Switch Fluorescence Anisotropy Assay for Small Molecules Using Streptavidin as an Effective Signal Amplifier Based on Proximity Effect. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7379-7384. [PMID: 31079453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence polarization/anisotropy (FP/FA) approaches are appealing for targets sensing in homogeneous solution due to simplicity, reproducibility and sensitivity. Taking advantage of aptamers, aptamer structure switch FA methods are unique for small molecule detection based on the competition between aptamer-target binding and the hybridization of aptamer and complementary DNA (cDNA). However, usually small FA change is generated in these aptamer assays that only rely on size change caused by hybridization of an oligonucleotide because of the rapid local rotation of fluorophores and small mass change. Here we describe a simple and general aptamer structure switch FA assay for small molecules by employing a large-sized streptavidin (SA) as an effective signal amplifier based on proximity effect to reduce local rotation of fluorophore. In this design, the SA-labeled cDNA hybridizes with fluorescein (FAM)-labeled aptamer, drawing FAM close to SA and bringing a much higher FA value due to restricted local rotation of FAM. Small molecule-aptamer probe binding causes displacement of the SA-labeled cDNA and great decrease of FA. The closeness of SA to FAM in the duplex is key for this proposed strategy to produce large FA changes in target detection. Our method enabled to detect 60 pM aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), 1 nM ochratoxin A (OTA), and 0.5 μM adenosine triphosphate (ATP), respectively. This aptamer FA method combines the merits of aptamers and FA analysis, and it is promising in applications of detection of small molecules with good sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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Effects of Subcutaneous Ochratoxin-A Exposure on Immune System of Broiler Chicks. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050264. [PMID: 31083513 PMCID: PMC6563231 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA), an immunosuppressive mycotoxin, can increase the risk of many infectious diseases and contribute to economic losses to the poultry industry. The immunosuppressive effect has mainly been investigated through oral exposure; however, birds may also be contaminated through skin absorption. The present study investigated the influence of OTA exposure on the defense system of broiler chicks through the subcutaneous route and including low doses. Groups of broiler chicks (Cobb), 05 days old, were exposed to subcutaneous inoculation of OTA at concentrations of 0.1; 0.5; 0.9; 1.3; and 1.7 mg OTA/kg body weight. The size of the lymphoid organs, circulating immune cells, and total IgY and IgA levels were evaluated 21 days post inoculation. Subcutaneous OTA exposure decreased the weight of the thymus, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius, and leukocytopenia (p < 0.05) was detected in chicks of the OTA treated groups. In a dose-dependent way, decreased levels of circulating lymphocytes and heterophils (p < 0.05), and increased levels of monocytes (p < 0.05) were detected. Decreased IgY and IgA serum concentrations were noted in the OTA treated groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, subcutaneous OTA exposure induces immunosuppression even at low levels.
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39
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Double Magnetic Separation-assisted Fluorescence Method for Sensitive Detection of Ochratoxin A. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-8322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Jahanian E, Mahdavi AH, Asgary S, Jahanian R, Tajadini MH. Effect of dietary supplementation of mannanoligosaccharides on hepatic gene expressions and humoral and cellular immune responses in aflatoxin-contaminated broiler chicks. Prev Vet Med 2019; 168:9-18. [PMID: 31097128 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) on expression of hepatic immunological genes and immune responses in aflatoxin-contaminated broiler chicks. A total of 336 seven-day-old Ross broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 7 experimental treatments with 4 replicates and 12 birds per replicate. Experimental treatments consisted of 2 aflatoxin levels (0.5 and 2 ppm) and 3 supplemental MOS levels (0, 1 and 2 g/kg) as a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement in comparison with a control group (unchallenged group). The chicks were challenged with a mix of aflatoxins during 7-28 d of age. Results showed that aflatoxin challenge resulted in the lower antibody titers against infectious bronchitis (IBV) and bursal (IBD) diseases viruses. In addition, aflatoxin-contaminated birds had a lower (P < 0.0001) lymphocyte percentage and a decline in (P < 0.01) interleukin-2 (IL-2) mRNA abundance. Likewise, heterophil proportion, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio and gene expressions of hepatic interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C reactive protein (CRP) were raised (P < 0.001) by increasing dietary aflatoxin level. Dietary inclusion of MOS increased (P < 0.05) antibody titers against IBV, IBD and Newcastle disease virus. Lymphocyte proportion and hepatic IL-2 gene expression were greater (P < 0.0001) in MOS-supplemented birds. Furthermore, supplemental MOS decreased hepatic IL-6 and CRP abundances. Additionally, inclusion of 2 g/kg MOS resulted in the upregulation (P < 0.01) of hepatic IL-2 gene expression in birds contaminated with 0.5 ppm aflatoxin. The present results indicate that supplemental MOS could improve cellular immunity via the upregulation of hepatic IL-2 gene expression in birds challenged with aflatoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jahanian
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - A H Mahdavi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - S Asgary
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - R Jahanian
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - M H Tajadini
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Gu BB, Jiao FR, Wu W, Liu L, Jiao WH, Sun F, Wang SP, Yang F, Lin HW. Ochrasperfloroid, an ochratoxin–ergosteroid heterodimer with inhibition of IL-6 and NO production from Aspergillus flocculosus 16D-1. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7251-7256. [PMID: 35519937 PMCID: PMC9061062 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10539a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel ochratoxin–ergosteroid heterodimer, ochrasperfloroid (1), together with a known mycotoxin, ochratoxin A (2), were isolated from the sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus flocculosus 16D-1. The structure of 1 was determined on the basis of 1D/2D NMR, HRESIMS/MS, and LC-UV/MS analysis of its alkaline hydrolyzates, quantum-chemical 13C NMR calculation, and comparison with literature data. Of note, the ergosteroid embedded in 1 is also a new structure. Ochrasperfloroid (1) showed potent inhibitory activity towards IL-6 production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP-1 cell line, with an IC50 value of 2.02 μM, and NO production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages, with an IC50 value of 1.11 μM. A novel ochratoxin–ergosteroid heterodimer, ochrasperfloroid (1), together with a known mycotoxin, ochratoxin A (2), were isolated from the sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus flocculosus 16D-1.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Gu
- Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs
- Department of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes
- Renji Hospital School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Fu-Rong Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs
- Department of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes
- Renji Hospital School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs
- Department of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes
- Renji Hospital School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs
- Department of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes
- Renji Hospital School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Wei-Hua Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs
- Department of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes
- Renji Hospital School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Fan Sun
- Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs
- Department of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes
- Renji Hospital School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Shu-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs
- Department of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes
- Renji Hospital School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs
- Department of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes
- Renji Hospital School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Hou-Wen Lin
- Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs
- Department of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes
- Renji Hospital School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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Nutritional and Additive Uses of Chitin and Chitosan in the Food Industry. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 36 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16581-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Durek J, Schlüter O, Roscher A, Durek P, Fröhling A. Inhibition or Stimulation of Ochratoxin A Synthesis on Inoculated Barley Triggered by Diffuse Coplanar Surface Barrier Discharge Plasma. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2782. [PMID: 30519219 PMCID: PMC6251328 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most abundant food-contaminating mycotoxins. Besides their high toxicity, mycotoxins are highly stable to physical, chemical or biological detoxification. Therefore, the treatment with cold atmospheric plasma could be one approach to reduce the amount of mycotoxins in different products. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of cold atmospheric plasma on the inactivation of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium verrucosum inoculated on barley and their production of OTA. Inoculated barley was treated with plasma generated by dry air, CO2 or CO2 + O2 for 1 or 3 min and stored for up to two weeks at 9, 25, or 37°C. Three minutes of air plasma treatment effectively significantly reduced the total mold count of both microorganisms by 2.5-3 log cycles. The production of OTA from A. niger was only low, therefore the treatment effect was indistinguishable. The treatment of P. verrucosum on barley after an incubation of five days using a CO2 + O2 plasma resulted in a reduction of the OTA content from 49.0 (untreated) to 27.5 (1 min) and 23.8 ng/g (3 min), respectively. In contrast, CO2 plasma caused an increase of the OTA amount from 49.0 (untreated) to 55.8 (1 min) and 72.9 ng/g (3 min). Finally, the use of air plasma resulted likewise in a decrease of the OTA concentration from 56.9 (untreated) to 25.7 (1 min) and 20.2 ng/g (3 min), respectively. Reducing the incubation time before the treatment to 24 h caused in contrast an increase of the OTA content from 3.1 (untreated) to 29.1 (1 min) and 20.7 ng/g (3 min). Due to the high standard deviation, these changes were not significant, but the tendencies were clearly visible, showing the strong impact of the plasma gas on the OTA production. The results show, that even if the total mold count was reduced, under certain conditions the OTA amount was yet enhanced, probably due to a stress reaction of the mold. Concluding, the plasma gas and incubation conditions have to be considered to allow a successful inactivation of molds and in particular their toxic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Durek
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Oliver Schlüter
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anne Roscher
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- German Rheumatism Research Centre Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Fröhling
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Potsdam, Germany
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Qian G, Liu D, Hou L, Hamid M, Chen X, Gan F, Song S, Huang K. Ochratoxin A induces cytoprotective autophagy via blocking AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in PK-15 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 122:120-131. [PMID: 30287338 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) could cause a variety of toxicological effects especially nephrotoxicity in animals and humans. Autophagy is a highly conserved metabolic process that plays an important role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis under stress. However, the role of autophagy in OTA-induced nephrotoxicity is unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that OTA treatment at 2.0-8.0 μM could increase cytotoxicity of PK-15 cells by inducing apoptosis as shown by the increased Annexin V/PI staining, increased caspase-3 and PARP cleavage and increased apoptotic nuclei. Meantime, autophagy was triggered when OTA was administrated, as indicated by markedly increased expressions of LC3-II, ATG5 and Beclin-1, accumulation of GFP-LC3 dots and increased double- or single-membrane vesicles. OTA treatment decreased p-AKT and p-mTOR activities, and OTA-induced autophagy was inhibited when insulin was applied. Furthermore, OTA treatments with autophagy inhibitors (3-methyladenine or chloroquine) or knockdown of autophagy-related genes (ATG5 or Beclin-1) resulted in significantly reduced autophagy level and enhanced cytotoxicity. In conclusion, OTA induces cytoprotective autophagy against its cytotoxicity and inactivation of AKT/mTOR axis plays a critical role in autophagy induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Animal Science and Technology, Jinling Institution of Technology, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lili Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mohammed Hamid
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fang Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Suquan Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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45
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Khan SA, Venancio EJ, Fernandes EV, Hirooka EY, Oba A, Flaiban KKMC, Itano EN. Low Doses of Ochratoxin-A Decrease IgY and IgA Production in Broiler Chicks. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10080316. [PMID: 30082604 PMCID: PMC6115841 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10080316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mycotoxin, ochratoxin-A (OTA), produced by some fungi, and is a natural contaminant of many foods and animal feeds worldwide. Due to its toxic effects, the recommended maximum daily intake of OTA for poultry feeds is 0.1 mg OTA/kg (ECR2006/575/EC); this dose does not induce changes in hepatic/renal parameters, but decreases thymus size and serum globulin concentrations. Accordingly, in this study, we assessed quantitatively the total circulating IgY and IgA serum levels, in chicks consuming a 0.1 mg OTA/kg diet (limit) and higher doses (0.3–1.1 mg OTA/kg diet) for 14 or 21 days. We also evaluated other immunological parameters (thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and spleen weights and leukocyte profiles) at day 21. Decreased IgY serum levels were observed in all OTA-treated groups (p < 0.05). In the low-dose group, IgA levels were decreased on day 21, but not on day 14. The size of the thymus and the bursa of Fabricius was decreased in all OTA-treated groups (p < 0.05), whereas reduced spleen size and altered leukocyte profiles were detected only in the high-dose group (p < 0.05). We concluded that chronic exposure to OTA, even at the recommended highest dose, affected IgY and IgA production in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad A Khan
- Department of Pathologic Sciences, State University Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil.
| | - Emerson J Venancio
- Department of Pathologic Sciences, State University Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo V Fernandes
- Department of Pathologic Sciences, State University Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil.
| | - Elisa Y Hirooka
- Department of Food Science and Technology, State University Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Oba
- Department of Zootechny, State University Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil.
| | - Karina K M C Flaiban
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil.
| | - Eiko N Itano
- Department of Pathologic Sciences, State University Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil.
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46
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A reproductive and developmental screening study of the fungal toxin ochratoxin A in Fischer rats. Mycotoxin Res 2018; 34:241-255. [DOI: 10.1007/s12550-018-0319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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47
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Lu Y, Zhang Y, Liu JQ, Zou P, Jia L, Su YT, Sun YR, Sun SC. Comparison of the toxic effects of different mycotoxins on porcine and mouse oocyte meiosis. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5111. [PMID: 29942714 PMCID: PMC6015490 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), HT-2, ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA) are the most common mycotoxins that are found in corn-based animal feed which have multiple toxic effects on animals and humans. Previous studies reported that these mycotoxins impaired mammalian oocyte quality. However, the effective concentrations of mycotoxins to animal oocytes were different. Methods In this study we aimed to compare the sensitivity of mouse and porcine oocytes to AFB1, DON, HT-2, OTA, and ZEA for mycotoxin research. We adopted the polar body extrusion rate of mouse and porcine oocyte as the standard for the effects of mycotoxins on oocyte maturation. Results and Discussion Our results showed that 10 μM AFB1 and 1 μM DON significantly affected porcine oocyte maturation compared with 50 μM AFB1 and 2 μM DON on mouse oocytes. However, 10 nM HT-2 significantly affected mouse oocyte maturation compared with 50 nM HT-2 on porcine oocytes. Moreover, 5 μM OTA and 10 μM ZEA significantly affected porcine oocyte maturation compared with 300 μM OTA and 50 μM ZEA on mouse oocytes. In summary, our results showed that porcine oocytes were more sensitive to AFB1, DON, OTA, and ZEA than mouse oocytes except HT-2 toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Lu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Qian Liu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Zou
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Jia
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Yu-Rong Sun
- Jiangsu Aomai Bio-Tech Company, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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48
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Iqbal SZ, Mehmood Z, Asi MR, Shahid M, Sehar M, Malik N. Co-occurrence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in nuts, dry fruits, and nuty products. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Government College University Faisalabad; Faisalabad Pakistan
- Department of Plant Biology; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; New Brunswick New Jersey
| | - Zehid Mehmood
- Department of Biochemistry; Government College University Faisalabad; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | | | - Misbah Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry; Government College University Faisalabad; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Mubasharah Sehar
- Department of Biochemistry; Government College University Faisalabad; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Noeen Malik
- Department of Radiology; New York State University; New York New York
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49
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Singh SD, Sheik Abdul N, Phulukdaree A, Tiloke C, Nagiah S, Baijnath S, Chuturgoon AA. Toxicity assessment of mycotoxins extracted from contaminated commercial dog pelleted feed on canine blood mononuclear cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 114:112-118. [PMID: 29452190 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Raw ingredients of pet food are often contaminated with mycotoxins. This is a serious health problem to pets and causes emotional and economical stress to the pet owners. The aim of this study was to determine the immunotoxicity of the most common mycotoxins (aflatoxin, fumonisin, ochratoxin A and zearalenone) by examining 20 samples of extruded dry dog food found on the South African market [10 samples from standard grocery store lines (SB), 10 from premium veterinarian lines (PB)]. Pelleted dog food was subjected to extraction protocols optimized for the above mentioned mycotoxins. Dog lymphocytes were treated with the extracts (24 h incubation and final concentration 40 μg/ml) to determine cell viability, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and markers of cell death using spectrophotometry, luminometry and flow cytometry. Malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress showed no significant difference between SB and PB, however, GSH was significantly depleted in SB extract treatments. Markers of apoptosis (phosphatidylserine externalization) and necrosis (propidium iodide incorporation) were elevated in both food lines when compared to untreated control cells, interestingly SB extracts were significantly higher than PB. We also observed decreased ATP levels and increased mitochondrial depolarization in cells treated with both lines of feed with SB showing the greatest differences when compared to the control. This study provides evidence that irrespective of price, quality or marketing channels, pet foods present a high risk of mycotoxin contamination. Though in this study PB fared better than SB in regards to cell toxicity, there is a multitude of other factors that need to be studied which may have an influence on other negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanil D Singh
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Naeem Sheik Abdul
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Alisa Phulukdaree
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Charlette Tiloke
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Savania Nagiah
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Sooraj Baijnath
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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50
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Dorri M, Hashemitabar S, Hosseinzadeh H. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) as an antidote or a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities: a review. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 41:338-351. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1417995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Dorri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shirin Hashemitabar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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