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Abstract
In this editorial, the roles of orosomucoid (ORM) in the diagnoses and follow-up assessments of both nonneoplastic diseases and liver tumors are discussed with respect to the publication by Zhu et al presented in the previous issue of World Journal of Gastroenterology (2020; 26(8): 840-817). ORM, or alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), is an acute-phase protein that constitutes 1% to 3% of plasma proteins in humans and is mainly synthesized in the liver. ORM exists in serum as two variants: ORM1 and ORM2. Although the variants share 89.6% sequence identity and have similar biological properties, ORM1 constitutes the main component of serum ORM. An interesting feature of ORM is that its biological effects differ according to variations in glycosylation patterns. This variable feature makes ORM an attractive target for diagnosing and monitoring many diseases, including those of the liver. Recent findings suggest that a sharp decrease in ORM level is an important marker for HBV-associated acute liver failure (ALF), and ORM1 plays an important role in liver regeneration. In viral hepatitis, increases in both ORM and its fucosylated forms and the correlation of these increases with fibrosis progression suggest that this glycoprotein can be used with other markers as a noninvasive method in the follow-up assessment of diseases. In addition, similar findings regarding the level of the asialylated form of ORM, called asialo-AGP (AsAGP), have been reported in a follow-up assessment of fibrosis in chronic liver disease. An increase in ORM in serum has also been shown to improve hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis performance when combined with other markers. In addition, determination of the ORM level has been useful in the diagnosis of HCC with AFP concentrations less than 500 ng/mL. For monitoring patients with AFP-negative HCC, a unique trifucosylated tetra-antennary glycan of ORM may also be used as a new potential marker. The fact that there are very few studies investigating the expression of this glycoprotein and its variants in liver tissues constitutes a potential limitation, especially in terms of revealing all the effects of ORM on carcinogenesis and tumor behavior. Current findings indicate that ORM2 expression is decreased in tumors, and this is related to the aggressive course of the disease. Parallel to this finding, in HCC cell lines, ORM2 decreases HCC cell migration and invasion, supporting reports of its tumor suppressor role. In conclusion, the levels of ORM and its different glycosylated variants are promising additional biomarkers for identifying ALF, for monitoring fibrosis in viral hepatitis, and for diagnosing early HCC. Although there is evidence that the loss of ORM2 expression in HCC is associated with poor prognosis, further studies are needed to support these findings. Additionally, investigations of ORM expression in borderline dysplastic nodules and hepatocellular adenomas, which pose diagnostic problems in the differential diagnosis of HCC, especially in biopsy samples, may shed light on whether ORM can be used in histopathological differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsum Ozlem Elpek
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya 07070, Turkey
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2
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Ehlting C, Wolf SD, Bode JG. Acute-phase protein synthesis: a key feature of innate immune functions of the liver. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1129-1145. [PMID: 34323429 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The expression of acute-phase proteins (APP's) maintains homeostasis and tissue repair, but also represents a central component of the organism's defense strategy, especially in the context of innate immunity. Accordingly, an inflammatory response is accompanied by significant changes in the serum protein composition, an aspect that is also used diagnostically. As the main site of APP synthesis the liver is constantly exposed to antigens or pathogens via blood flow, but also to systemic inflammatory signals originating either from the splanchnic area or from the circulation. Under both homeostatic and acute-phase response (APR) conditions the composition of APP's is determined by the pattern of regulatory mediators derived from the systemic circulation or from local cell populations, especially liver macrophages. The key regulators mentioned here most frequently are IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. In addition to a variety of molecular mediators described mainly on the basis of in vitro studies, recent data emphasize the in vivo relevance of cellular key effectors as well as molecular key mediators and protein modifications for the regulation and function of APP's. These are aspects, on which the present review is primarily focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ehlting
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephanie D Wolf
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes G Bode
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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3
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Mirzaei S, Zarrabi A, Hashemi F, Zabolian A, Saleki H, Azami N, Hamzehlou S, Farahani MV, Hushmandi K, Ashrafizadeh M, Khan H, Kumar AP. Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Chemoprotection and Doxorubicin Resistance: Potential Application in Drug Discovery. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030349. [PMID: 33652780 PMCID: PMC7996755 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is extensively applied in cancer therapy due to its efficacy in suppressing cancer progression and inducing apoptosis. After its discovery, this chemotherapeutic agent has been frequently used for cancer therapy, leading to chemoresistance. Due to dose-dependent toxicity, high concentrations of DOX cannot be administered to cancer patients. Therefore, experiments have been directed towards revealing underlying mechanisms responsible for DOX resistance and ameliorating its adverse effects. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling is activated to increase levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells to protect them against oxidative stress. It has been reported that Nrf2 activation is associated with drug resistance. In cells exposed to DOX, stimulation of Nrf2 signaling protects cells against cell death. Various upstream mediators regulate Nrf2 in DOX resistance. Strategies, both pharmacological and genetic interventions, have been applied for reversing DOX resistance. However, Nrf2 induction is of importance for alleviating side effects of DOX. Pharmacological agents with naturally occurring compounds as the most common have been used for inducing Nrf2 signaling in DOX amelioration. Furthermore, signaling networks in which Nrf2 is a key player for protection against DOX adverse effects have been revealed and are discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran 1477893855, Iran;
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; (A.Z.); (M.A.)
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran;
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (N.A.); (S.H.); (M.V.F.)
| | - Hossein Saleki
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (N.A.); (S.H.); (M.V.F.)
| | - Negar Azami
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (N.A.); (S.H.); (M.V.F.)
| | - Soodeh Hamzehlou
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (N.A.); (S.H.); (M.V.F.)
| | - Mahdi Vasheghani Farahani
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (N.A.); (S.H.); (M.V.F.)
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran;
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; (A.Z.); (M.A.)
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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4
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Wu D, Zhang S, Xie Z, Chen E, Rao Q, Liu X, Huang K, Yang J, Xiao L, Ji F, Jiang Z, Zhao Y, Ouyang X, Zhu D, Dai X, Hou Z, Liu B, Deng B, Zhou N, Gao H, Sun Z, Li L. Plasminogen as a prognostic biomarker for HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2069-2080. [PMID: 32175919 DOI: 10.1172/jci130197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDHBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is hallmarked by high short-term mortality rates, calling for accurate prognostic biomarkers for initial risk stratification.METHODSThree tandem mass tag-labeled (TMT-labeled) quantitative proteomic studies were performed on 10 patients with HBV-related acute hepatic decompensation and on 20 patients with HBV-ACLF. Candidate biomarkers were preliminarily verified in a cross-sectional cohort (n = 144) and further confirmed in 2 prospective cohorts (n = 207 and n = 148).RESULTSPlasminogen, a potential prognostic biomarker for HBV-ACLF, was identified by TMT quantitative proteomics and preliminarily verified in the cross-sectional cohort. Further validation with a prospective cohort (n = 207) showed that plasminogen levels at admission were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in HBV-ACLF nonsurvivors than in survivors. The cumulative survival duration of patients with high plasminogen levels was significantly longer (P < 0.001) than that of patients with low plasminogen levels. During hospitalization, plasminogen levels significantly decreased (P = 0.008) in the deterioration group but significantly increased (P < 0.001) in the improvement group. Additionally, plasminogen levels gradually increased in survivors but gradually decreased in nonsurvivors. The P5 score, a prognostic panel incorporating plasminogen levels, hepatic encephalopathy occurrence, age, international normalized ratio (INR), and total bilirubin, was significantly superior to the Child-Pugh, Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD), Chronic Liver Failure Consortium ACLF (CLIF-C ACLF), Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B (COSSH), and HINT (a prognostic score based on hepatic encephalopathy occurrence, INR, neutrophil count, and thyroid-stimulating hormone) scores (all P < 0.05). The performances of the plasminogen level and P5 score were validated in a second multicenter, prospective cohort (n = 148).CONCLUSIONSPlasminogen is a promising prognostic biomarker for HBV-ACLF, and sequential plasminogen measurements could profile the clinical course of HBV-ACLF. P5 is a high-performance prognostic score for HBV-ACLF.FUNDINGThe National Key Research and Development Program (2017YFC1200204); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81400589, 81600497); the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81121002); the Chinese High-Tech Research and Development Programs (2012AA020204); the National S&T Major Project (2012ZX10002004); and the Zhejiang Provincial Medicine and Health Science and Technology Project (2016147735).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxian Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Sainan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ermei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qunfang Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaizhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanlan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feiyang Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yalei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxi Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiahong Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shulan Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhouhua Hou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bingjie Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Nanhua University, Hengyang, China
| | - Binbin Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hainv Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shulan Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Orosomucoid 1 Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Cardiomyocytes via Nrf2 Signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5923572. [PMID: 33134382 PMCID: PMC7591952 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5923572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anticancer drug, but its therapeutic use is limited by its cardiotoxicity. The principal mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity are oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Orosomucoid 1 (ORM1), an acute-phase protein, plays important roles in inflammation and ischemic stroke; however, the roles and mechanisms of ORM1 in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity remain unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the function of ORM1 in cardiomyocytes experiencing DOX-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. A DOX-induced cardiotoxicity animal model was established in C57BL/6 mice by administering an intraperitoneal injection of DOX (20 mg/kg), and the control group was intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of sterilized saline. The effects were assessed after 7 d. Additionally, H9c2 cells were stimulated with DOX (10 μM) for 24 h. The results showed decreased ORM1 and increased oxidative stress and apoptosis after DOX stimulation in vivo and in vitro. ORM1 overexpression significantly reduced DOX-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in H9c2 cells. ORM1 significantly increased the expression of nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream protein heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and reduced the expression of the lipid peroxidation end product 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and the level of cleaved caspase-3. In addition, Nrf2 silencing reversed the effects of ORM1 on DOX-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, ORM1 inhibited DOX-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which might provide a new treatment strategy for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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6
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Zhou N, Wang K, Fang S, Zhao X, Huang T, Chen H, Yan F, Tang Y, Zhou H, Zhu J. Discovery of a Potential Plasma Protein Biomarker Panel for Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Induced by Hepatitis B Virus. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1009. [PMID: 29270132 PMCID: PMC5724358 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF), characterized by an acute deterioration of liver function in the patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), is lack of predicting biomarkers for prognosis. Plasma is an ideal sample for biomarker discovery due to inexpensive and minimally invasive sampling and good reproducibility. In this study, immuno-depletion of high-abundance plasma proteins followed by iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic approach was employed to analyze plasma samples from 20 healthy control people, 20 CHB patients and 20 HBV-ACLF patients, respectively. As a result, a total of 427 proteins were identified from these samples, and 42 proteins were differentially expressed in HBV-ACLF patients as compared to both CHB patients and healthy controls. According to bioinformatics analysis results, 6 proteins related to immune response (MMR), inflammatory response (OPN, HPX), blood coagulation (ATIII) and lipid metabolism (APO-CII, GP73) were selected as biomarker candidates. Further ELISA analysis confirmed the significant up-regulation of GP73, MMR, OPN and down-regulation of ATIII, HPX, APO-CII in HBV-ACLF plasma samples (p < 0.01). Moreover, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed high diagnostic value of these candidates in assessing HBV-ACLF. In conclusion, present quantitative proteomic study identified 6 novel HBV-ACLF biomarker candidates and might provide fundamental information for development of HBV-ACLF biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Kuifeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Shanhua Fang
- E-Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Huazhong Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Yongzhi Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- E-Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiansheng Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
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7
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Abstract
慢加急性肝衰竭(acute-on-chronic liver failure, ACLF)是以慢性肝病基础上发生的急性肝功能失代偿和短期高死亡率为主要临床特征的一种可逆的、复杂的临床综合征. 由于不同区域ACLF的病因不同, 且病理机制复杂, 导致东西方对ACLF的定义及诊断标准仍存在争议, 且缺乏公认的预后评估体系. 近年来, ACLF引起了国内外学者的广泛关注, 取得了一些重要的研究进展, 本文将围绕国际上ACLF的最新进展, 对ACLF的定义及预后评估等进行分析总结.
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8
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Lin H, Tan QP, Sui WG, Chen WB, Peng WJ, Liu XC, Dai Y. Differential proteomics analysis of liver failure in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:167-174. [PMID: 28357068 PMCID: PMC5351387 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine differentially expressed proteome profiles for candidate biomarkers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of liver failure (LF) patients. Ten patients were diagnosed as LF and 10 age- and gender-matched subjects were recruited as healthy controls. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic technology is efficiently applicable for identification and relative quantitation of the proteomes of PBMCs. Eight-plex iTRAQ coupled with strong cation exchange chromatography, and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry were used to analyze total proteins in LF patients and healthy control subjects. Molecular variations were detected using the iTRAQ method, and western blotting was used to verify the results. LF is a complex type of medical emergency that evolves following a catastrophic insult to the liver, and its outcome remains the most ominous of all gastroenterologic diseases. Serious complications tend to occur during the course of the disease and further exacerbate the problems. Using the iTRAQ method, differentially expressed proteome profiles of LF patients were determined. In the present study, 627 proteins with different expression levels were identified in LF patients compared with the control subjects; with 409 proteins upregulated and 218 proteins downregulated. Among them, four proteins were significantly differentially expressed; acylaminoacyl-peptide hydrolase and WW domain binding protein 2 were upregulated, and resistin and tubulin β 2A class IIa were downregulated. These proteins demonstrated differences in their expression levels compared with other proteins with normal expression levels and the significant positive correlation with LF. The western blot results were consistent with the results from iTRAQ. Thus, investigation of the molecular mechanism of the proteins involved in LF may facilitate an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of LF and elucidation of novel biomarker candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Lin
- Central Laboratory of Guilin 181st Hospital, Key laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Pei Tan
- Clinical Laboratory of 181st Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Guo Sui
- Central Laboratory of Guilin 181st Hospital, Key laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Biao Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Wu-Jian Peng
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Chao Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of 181st Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Yong Dai
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
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9
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Sethi S, Chourasia D, Parhar IS. Approaches for targeted proteomics and its potential applications in neuroscience. J Biosci 2016; 40:607-27. [PMID: 26333406 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-015-9537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An extensive guide on practicable and significant quantitative proteomic approaches in neuroscience research is important not only because of the existing overwhelming limitations but also for gaining valuable understanding into brain function and deciphering proteomics from the workbench to the bedside. Early methodologies to understand the functioning of biological systems are now improving with high-throughput technologies, which allow analysis of various samples concurrently, or of thousand of analytes in a particular sample. Quantitative proteomic approaches include both gel-based and non-gel-based methods that can be further divided into different labelling approaches. This review will emphasize the role of existing technologies, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their applications in neuroscience. This review will also discuss advanced approaches for targeted proteomics using isotope-coded affinity tag (ICAT) coupled with laser capture microdissection (LCM) followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) analysis. This technology can further be extended to single cell proteomics in other areas of biological sciences and can be combined with other 'omics' approaches to reveal the mechanism of a cellular alterations. This approach may lead to further investigation in basic biology, disease analysis and surveillance, as well as drug discovery. Although numerous challenges still exist, we are confident that this approach will increase the understanding of pathological mechanisms involved in neuroendocrinology, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders by delivering protein biomarker signatures for brain dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sethi
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, MONASH University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia,
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10
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Song YR, Wu B, Yang YT, Chen J, Zhang LJ, Zhang ZW, Shi HY, Huang CL, Pan JX, Xie P. Specific alterations in plasma proteins during depressed, manic, and euthymic states of bipolar disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:973-82. [PMID: 26375446 PMCID: PMC4671523 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common psychiatric mood disorder affecting more than 1-2%
of the general population of different European countries. Unfortunately, there is no
objective laboratory-based test to aid BD diagnosis or monitor its progression, and
little is known about the molecular basis of BD. Here, we performed a comparative
proteomic study to identify differentially expressed plasma proteins in various BD
mood states (depressed BD, manic BD, and euthymic BD) relative to healthy controls. A
total of 10 euthymic BD, 20 depressed BD, 15 manic BD, and 20 demographically matched
healthy control subjects were recruited. Seven high-abundance proteins were
immunodepleted in plasma samples from the 4 experimental groups, which were then
subjected to proteome-wide expression profiling by two-dimensional electrophoresis
and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight/time-of-flight tandem
mass spectrometry. Proteomic results were validated by immunoblotting and
bioinformatically analyzed using MetaCore. From a total of 32 proteins identified
with 1.5-fold changes in expression compared with healthy controls, 16 proteins were
perturbed in BD independent of mood state, while 16 proteins were specifically
associated with particular BD mood states. Two mood-independent differential
proteins, apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 and Apo L1, suggest that BD pathophysiology may be
associated with early perturbations in lipid metabolism. Moreover, down-regulation of
one mood-dependent protein, carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA-1), suggests it may be involved
in the pathophysiology of depressive episodes in BD. Thus, BD pathophysiology may be
associated with early perturbations in lipid metabolism that are independent of mood
state, while CA-1 may be involved in the pathophysiology of depressive episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - B Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Y T Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L J Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Z W Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - H Y Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - C L Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - J X Pan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - P Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Peng L, Liu J, Li YM, Huang ZL, Wang PP, Zheng YB, Hua YP, Gao ZL. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of hepatic tissues from patients with hepatitis B virus-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1732-1742. [PMID: 26640544 PMCID: PMC4665371 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), a serious and prevalent medical condition, is not clear, particularly with regard to which proteins are expressed in the course of the disease. The aim of the present study was to identify the differences in hepatic tissue protein expression between normal human subjects and patients with ACLF using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analysis and to verify the results using western blot analysis. The iTRAQ method was used to analyze the protein contents of hepatic tissue samples from 3 patients with HBV-induced ACLF and 3 normal healthy subjects. The results were verified by subjecting the hepatic tissues from 2 patients with HBV-induced ACLF and 4 healthy subjects to western blot analysis. In total, 57 proteins with ≥1.5-fold differences between patients with HBV-induced ACLF and healthy subjects were identified using iTRAQ. Among these 57 proteins, 4 with the most marked differences in their expression and the most significant association with liver disease were selected to be verified through western blot analysis: Keratin, type-I cytoskeletal 19; α-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (α1-AGP); carbonic anhydrase-1; and serpin peptidase inhibitor and clade A (α-1 anti proteinase, antitrypsin) member 1 (SERPINA1). The results of the western blot analyses were nearly identical to the iTRAQ results. Identifying the differences in liver protein expression in patients with HBV-induced ACLF may provide a basis for studies on the pathogenesis of ACLF. Future studies should focus particularly on α1-AGP, carbonic anhydrase 1 and SERPINA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Mei Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Zhan-Lian Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Pei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Bao Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Peng Hua
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Liang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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12
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Proteome demonstration of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin candidate biomarkers for diagnosis of enterovirus 71 infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2015; 34:304-10. [PMID: 25170552 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the major causative agents of hand-foot-and-mouth disease and frequently associated with severe complications such as encephalitis and death. Understanding the host response following enteroviral infection may facilitate the development of biomarkers for EV71 infections. METHODS We implemented two-dimensional gel electrophoresis technology on proteins prepared from serum obtained from 4 mild and 4 severe cases of EV71 infections and 4 healthy control children, to investigate the differentially expressed proteins. The differential expressed proteins were further identified with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis and western blotting validation. RESULTS A total of 27 differentially expressed proteins were picked and identified with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Of the 27 identified proteins, 6 proteins were up-regulated in the mild-infected and severe EV71-infected patients in comparison to the healthy control group. Two proteins, alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein (AGP1) and alpha-antichymotrypsin (AACT), were not detected in the EV71-infected patients, but appeared in the control patient. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that AGP1 and AACT proteins were negatively associated with the clinical severity of EV71 infection. Similarly, both of the proteins were not detected in the secretion medium from the EV71-infected neuroblastoma cells, but detected in the mock-infected cells, suggesting that differentially expressed AGP1/AACT protein levels are in response to EV71 infections. CONCLUSIONS Two candidate proteins AGP1 and AACT, whose expression levels were reduced under the EV71 infection pathological condition, provide useful source of information for potential diagnostic biomarkers of EV71 infection in children.
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13
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Orosomucoid, an acute response protein with multiple modulating activities. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:329-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Liu H, Zhang H, Wan G, Sang Y, Chang Y, Wang X, Zeng H. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio: a novel predictor for short-term prognosis in acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure. J Viral Hepat 2014; 21:499-507. [PMID: 24750274 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF) has a poor prognosis in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. The role of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which reflects the inflammatory status of the patient before treatment, has never been studied in this setting. To investigate the predictive value of NLR in patients with ACHBLF, a retrospective cohort with 216 patients and a prospective validation cohort with 73 patients were recruited. Multivariate analyses showed that total bilirubin (TBIL), NLR, age and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score had prognostic significance for survival. Both NLR (0.781) and MELD score (0.744) had higher ROC curves, which differed significantly from those for age (0.615) and TBIL (0.691), but not from each other (P = 0.94). NLR ≤ 2.36 predicted lower mortality (with 91.6% sensitivity and 86.0% negative predictive value), and NLR >6.12 was a warning sign for higher mortality risk (with 90.1% specificity and 80.3% positive predictive value). These results demonstrated that pretreatment NLR was associated with the prognosis of patients with ACHBLF, and elevated NLR predicted poor outcome within 8 weeks. We suggest that NLR cut-offs of ≤ 2.36 and >6.12 are powerful markers for predicting mortality in ACHBLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Liu
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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15
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Peng L, Liu J, Li YM, Huang ZL, Wang PP, Gu YR, Zheng YB, Gao ZL. Serum proteomics analysis and comparisons using iTRAQ in the progression of hepatitis B. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:1169-1176. [PMID: 24223640 PMCID: PMC3820766 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in serum protein levels in the progression of hepatitis B using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis, in addition to comparing the serum protein levels of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), patients with hepatitis B virus-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-induced ACLF) and normal individuals. Protein analysis was performed on 15 serum samples using iTRAQ. The study population included healthy controls (n=5), patients with CHB (n=5) and patients with HBV-induced ACLF (n=5). Western blotting was used to verify the results in an additional nine serum samples from healthy controls, patients with CHB and patients with HBV-induced ACLF (n=3, respectively). Using iTRAQ analysis, 16 different serum proteins with ≥1.5-fold differences in expression levels were identified in the patients with CHB and ACLF compared with the healthy controls. Five of those proteins, C-reactive protein precursor, hemoglobin β chain variant Hb S-Wake, apolipoprotein J precursor, platelet factor 4 precursor and vitronectin, which demonstrated the greatest differences in their expression levels and the most significant correlation with liver diseases, were subsequently verified using western blotting. The western blotting results were consistent with the results from the iTRAQ. Two of the five proteins are not classified by biological process, and the biological functions of all the proteins in HBV-induced ACLF remain unclear. This preliminary study demonstrated that a correlation between the expression of various serum proteins and the different pathogenetic conditions induced by HBV may exist. The analysis of a larger number of samples is required to identify potential protein biomarkers that may be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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16
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Sarvari J, Mojtahedi Z, Taghavi SAR, Kuramitsu Y, Shamsi Shahrabadi M, Ghaderi A, Nakamura K. Differentially Expressed Proteins in Chronic Active Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, and HCC Related to HCV Infection in Comparison With HBV Infection: A proteomics study. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2013; 13:e8351. [PMID: 24066001 PMCID: PMC3776151 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.8351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly progressive cancer in the case of late diagnosis which is frequently associated with HBV and HCV viral infections. OBJECTIVES To identify differentially expressed serum proteins among three main stages of HCV infection and healthy individuals, and their comparisons with sera from patients with the same stage of HBV infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was performed on 47 sera from healthy volunteers, those with chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis and HCC patients associated with HBV and HCV infections. RESULTS Among these, 62 spots were differentially expressed (≥ 1.5 fold; P < 0.05), of which 42 spots that corresponded to 15 proteins were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. CD5-like antigen (CD5L) was differentially expressed between cirrhosis and HCC patients with HCV infection. Leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein (LRG) and haptoglobin (HP) α2 isoforms differed in the HCC that was associated with either HCV or HBV infections. CONCLUSIONS CD5L might be a useful biomarker for early diagnosis of HCC in HCV cirrhotic patients. LRG and HP α2 isoforms could be potential markers for distinguishing viral HCC. Our results also further support the presence of varying molecules involved in hepatocarcinogenesis in HBV when compared with HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Sarvari
- Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Zahra Mojtahedi
- Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | | | - Yasuhiro Kuramitsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | | | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Abbas Ghaderi, Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7112303687, Fax: +98-7112304952, E-mail:
| | - Kazuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
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17
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Two classifiers based on serum peptide pattern for prediction of HBV-induced liver cirrhosis using MALDI-TOF MS. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:814876. [PMID: 23509784 PMCID: PMC3590609 DOI: 10.1155/2013/814876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with the majority of cases of liver cirrhosis (LC) in China. Although liver biopsy is the reference method for evaluation of cirrhosis, it is an invasive procedure with inherent risk. The aim of this study is to discover novel noninvasive specific serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of HBV-induced LC. We performed bead fractionation/MALDI-TOF MS analysis on sera from patients with LC. Thirteen feature peaks which had optimal discriminatory performance were obtained by using support-vector-machine-(SVM-) based strategy. Based on the previous results, five supervised machine learning methods were employed to construct classifiers that discriminated proteomic spectra of patients with HBV-induced LC from those of controls. Here, we describe two novel methods for prediction of HBV-induced LC, termed LC-NB and LC-MLP, respectively. We obtained a sensitivity of 90.9%, a specificity of 94.9%, and overall accuracy of 93.8% on an independent test set. Comparisons with the existing methods showed that LC-NB and LC-MLP held better accuracy. Our study suggests that potential serum biomarkers can be determined for discriminating LC and non-LC cohorts by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. These two classifiers could be used for clinical practice in HBV-induced LC assessment.
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Koutroukides TA, Jaros JAJ, Amess B, Martins-de-Souza D, Guest PC, Rahmoune H, Levin Y, Deery M, Charles PD, Hester S, Groen A, Christoforou A, Howard J, Bond N, Bahn S, Lilley KS. Identification of protein biomarkers in human serum using iTRAQ and shotgun mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1061:291-307. [PMID: 23963945 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-589-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Blood serum is one of the easiest accessible sources of biomarkers and its proteome presents a significant parcel of immune system proteins. These proteins can provide not only biological explanation but also diagnostic and drug response answers independently of the type of disease or condition in question. Shotgun mass spectrometry has profoundly contributed to proteome analysis and is presently considered as an indispensible tool in the field of biomarker discovery. In addition, the multiplexing potential of isotopic labeling techniques such as iTRAQ can increase statistical relevance and accuracy of proteomic data through the simultaneous analysis of different biological samples. Here, we describe a complete protocol using iTRAQ in a shotgun proteomics workflow along with data analysis steps, customized for the challenges associated with the serum proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros A Koutroukides
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Cambridge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Zhang R, Yang D, Zhou C, Cheng K, Liu Z, Chen L, Fang L, Xie P. β-actin as a loading control for plasma-based Western blot analysis of major depressive disorder patients. Anal Biochem 2012; 427:116-20. [PMID: 22617797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Western blot analysis is a commonly used technique for determining specific protein levels in clinical samples. For normalization of protein levels in Western blot, a suitable loading control is required. On account of its relatively high and constant expression, β-actin has been widely employed in Western blot of cell cultures and tissue extracts. However, β-actin's presence in human plasma and this protein's putative role as a plasma-based loading control for Western blot analysis remain unknown. In this study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the concentration of β-actin in human plasma, which is 6.29±0.54 ng/ml. In addition, the linearity of β-actin immunostaining and loaded protein amount was evaluated by Western blot, and a fine linearity (R²=0.974±0.012) was observed. Furthermore, the expression of plasma β-actin in major depressive disorder subjects and healthy controls was compared. The data revealed no statistically significant difference between these two groups. Moreover, the total coefficient of variation for β-actin expression in the two groups was 9.2±1.2%. These findings demonstrate that β-actin is present in human plasma and may possibly be used as a suitable loading control for plasma-based Western blot analysis in major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufang Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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21
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Abstract
One of the main goals of comparative cell signaling analyses is the characterization of protein changes between different biological samples, either globally or by targeting specific proteins of interest. Highly accurate and precise strategies are thus required for the relative quantification of proteins extracted from two or more different cell populations. Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) is a general method for mass spectrometric quantitative proteomics based on metabolic incorporation of stable isotope-labeled amino acids into the cellular protein pool. This method has been applied with great success to a variety of quantitative proteomics problems aimed at gaining further insight into cell signaling pathways. In this chapter, we describe how SILAC can be used for the elucidation of cellular mechanisms, including temporal proteome profiling and the quantitative analysis of the extent of specific posttranslational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lanucara
- Michael Barber Centre for Mass Spectrometry, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Uto H, Kanmura S, Takami Y, Tsubouchi H. Clinical proteomics for liver disease: a promising approach for discovery of novel biomarkers. Proteome Sci 2010; 8:70. [PMID: 21192835 PMCID: PMC3023778 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-8-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and advanced hepatic fibrosis is a major risk factor for HCC. Hepatic fibrosis including liver cirrhosis and HCC are mainly induced by persistent hepatitis B or C virus infection, with approximately 500 million people infected with hepatitis B or C virus worldwide. Furthermore, the number of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently increased and NAFLD can progress to cirrhosis and HCC. These chronic liver diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality, and the identification of non-invasive biomarkers is important for early diagnosis. Recent advancements in quantitative and large-scale proteomic methods could be used to optimize the clinical application of biomarkers. Early diagnosis of HCC and assessment of the stage of hepatic fibrosis or NAFLD can also contribute to more effective therapeutic interventions and an improve prognosis. Furthermore, advancements of proteomic techniques contribute not only to the discovery of clinically useful biomarkers, but also in clarifying the molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis by using body fluids, such as serum, and tissue samples and cultured cells. In this review, we report recent advances in quantitative proteomics and several findings focused on liver diseases, including HCC, NAFLD, hepatic fibrosis and hepatitis B or C virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Uto
- Department of Digestive and Lifestyle-related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
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Plasma gelsolin protein: a candidate biomarker for hepatitis B-associated liver cirrhosis identified by proteomic approach. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2010; 8 Suppl 3:s105-12. [PMID: 20606740 DOI: 10.2450/2010.017s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the significant improvement in internal medicine and supportive therapy in recent years, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis remains a serious health issue in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients. Invasive liver biopsy is presently the best means of diagnosing cirrhosis, but it carries a significant risk and has well recognised limitations such as sampling error, hence the importance in developing early diagnosis biomarkers. With this aim, we performed a pilot proteomic study to assess this as a strategy for plasma marker detection in patients suffering from HBV-associated liver cirrhosis. METHODS Plasma from eight chronic HBV-infection patients and from eight HBV-related cirrhotic patients were selected and proteome profiles were created by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The strategy included the use of ProteoMiner enrichment kit for the reduction of highly abundance proteins (e.g. albumin and IgG) prior to proteomic analyses with the goal to improve detection of novel candidate markers. RESULTS One reproducible spot was found to be completely repressed in plasma samples from cirrhotic patients and mass spectrometry analysis identified this a specific variant of the gelsolin actin-depolymerizing factor. Though further investigations are needed, especially in term of clinical validation, to our knowledge this is the first time that gelsolin is proposed as potential biomarker in HBV-related liver pathologies. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm the potential utility of gelsolin either as a prognostic marker or a replacement therapeutic agent to alleviate liver injury.
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