1
|
Beaumelle C, Redman E, Verheyden H, Jacquiet P, Bégoc N, Veyssière F, Benabed S, Cargnelutti B, Lourtet B, Poirel MT, de Rijke J, Yannic G, Gilleard JS, Bourgoin G. Generalist nematodes dominate the nemabiome of roe deer in sympatry with sheep at a regional level. Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:751-761. [PMID: 36183847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The growth of livestock farming and the recent expansion of wild ungulate populations in Europe favor opportunities for direct and/or indirect cross-transmission of pathogens. Comparatively few studies have investigated the epidemiology of gastro-intestinal nematode parasites, an ubiquitous and important community of parasites of ungulates, at the wildlife/livestock interface. In this study, we aimed to assess the influence of livestock proximity on the gastrointestinal nematode community of roe deer in a rural landscape located in southern France. Using ITS-2 rDNA nemabiome metabarcoding on fecal larvae, we analysed the gastrointestinal nematode communities of roe deer and sheep. In addition, we investigated Haemonchus contortus nad4 mtDNA diversity to specifically test parasite circulation among domestic and wild host populations. The dominant gastrointestinal nematode species found in both the roe deer and sheep were generalist species commonly found in small ruminant livestock (e.g. H. contortus), whereas the more specialised wild cervid nematode species (e.g. Ostertagia leptospicularis) were only present at low frequencies. This is in marked contrast with previous studies that found the nemabiomes of wild cervid populations to be dominated by cervid specialist nematode species. In addition, the lack of genetic structure of the nad4 mtDNA of H. contortus populations between host species suggests circulation of gastrointestinal nematodes between roe deer and sheep. The risk of contact with livestock only has a small influence on the nemabiome of roe deer, suggesting the parasite population of roe deer has been displaced by generalist livestock parasites due to many decades of sheep farming, not only for deer grazing close to pastures, but also at a larger regional scale. We also observed some seasonal variation in the nemabiome composition of roe deer. Overall, our results demonstrate significant exchange of gastrointestinal nematodes between domestic and wild ungulates, with generalist species spilling over from domestic ungulates dominating wild cervid parasite communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Beaumelle
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Elizabeth Redman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Host-Parasite Interactions Program (HPI) University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hélène Verheyden
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; LTSER ZA PYRénées GARonne, F-31326 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Philippe Jacquiet
- Université de Toulouse, UMT Pilotage de la Santé des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Noémie Bégoc
- Université de Toulouse, UMT Pilotage de la Santé des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Veyssière
- Université de Toulouse, UMT Pilotage de la Santé des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Slimania Benabed
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Bruno Cargnelutti
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; LTSER ZA PYRénées GARonne, F-31326 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Bruno Lourtet
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; LTSER ZA PYRénées GARonne, F-31326 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Poirel
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Jill de Rijke
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Host-Parasite Interactions Program (HPI) University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Glenn Yannic
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - John S Gilleard
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Host-Parasite Interactions Program (HPI) University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Gilles Bourgoin
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arsenopoulos KV, Fthenakis GC, Katsarou EI, Papadopoulos E. Haemonchosis: A Challenging Parasitic Infection of Sheep and Goats. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020363. [PMID: 33535656 PMCID: PMC7912824 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper reviews the challenges about haemonchosis-a significant and common parasitic infection of small ruminants. Haemonchus contortus is a highly pathogenic parasite that localises in the abomasum of affected animals and exerts its pathogenicity by blood-sucking activity, adversely affecting the health and productivity of animals. The first challenge is the uneven distribution of the infection globally, this being more prevalent in tropical and subtropical and warm temperate and summer rainfall regions than in cool and cold temperate and arid regions; hence, this leads in differences in the approaches required for its control. Another challenge is the widespread presence of Haemonchus strains resistant to the various anthelmintics available: Benzimidazoles, imidazothiazoles, macrocyclic lactones, closantel and monepantel, which makes the control of the infection difficult. The third challenge refers to the difficulty of diagnosing the disease, given that field evidence can provide suspicion about the infection, which needs to be subsequently confirmed by laboratory tests through parasitological or molecular techniques. The final challenge relates to the difficulties in the control of the infection and the necessity to use pharmaceutical products cautiously and with a planned approach, to avoid further development of anthelmintic resistance, also given that use of a recently licenced vaccine is not widespread. In conclusion, at the moment, we should be concerned, but not worried, about this infection, and apply correctly the appropriate health management plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos V. Arsenopoulos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - George C. Fthenakis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (G.C.F.); (E.I.K.)
| | - Eleni I. Katsarou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (G.C.F.); (E.I.K.)
| | - Elias Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Costa-Junior LM, Chaudhry UN, Silva CR, Sousa DM, Silva NC, Cutrim-Júnior JAA, Brito DRB, Sargison ND. Nemabiome metabarcoding reveals differences between gastrointestinal nematode species infecting co-grazed sheep and goats. Vet Parasitol 2020; 289:109339. [PMID: 33359968 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Our current understanding of differences in the epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) species in co-grazed sheep and goats is inadequate with reference to the development of sustainable control strategies. The next-generation metabarcoding sequencing method referred to as the 'nemabiome' allows some of these differences to be explored to describe the intensity of co-infecting GIN species. We applied this platform to study sheep and goats that were co-grazed on Guinea grass pasture in northeastern Brazil. Co-grazed goats and sheep were treated with a monepantel anthelmintic, then exposed to the same gastrointestinal nematode species. Overall, there were differences in the prevalence of GIN species identified in the sheep and goats; Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Teladorsagia circumcincta predominated in goat kids, while Haemonchus contortus predominated in adult does, ewes and lambs once burdens became re-established after anthelmintic treatment. Description of the pattern of re-infection following anthelmintic treatment was prevented by the unpredicted poor efficacy of 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg, respectively, of monepantel against O. columbianum and T. circumcincta in lambs, and T. circumcincta adult does. Differences in drug efficacy between host age and species groups may be important when considering sustainable GIN control strategies for co-grazed animals. The aggregated FECs of the adult does and goat kids representing re-established GIN burdens, were higher than those of the co-grazed adult ewes and lambs. This implies that there are inherent differences in GIN species adaptation to the two naïve small ruminant host species, and shows the need for better understanding of the factors giving rise to this situation associated with exposure to infective larvae and host responses. At the start of the study, the adult does were co-infected with several GIN species, with the highest intensity of T. circumcincta, contrasting with the situation in the adult ewes, in which H. contortus predominated. However, once burdens became re-established after treatment, H. contortus predominated in both adult does and ewes. This demonstrates the potential for host burdens of H. contortus to establish and predominate after anthelmintic treatment when burdens of co-infecting GIN species are low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livio M Costa-Junior
- Federal University of Maranhão, Pathology Department, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Umer N Chaudhry
- University of Edinburgh, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina R Silva
- Federal University of Maranhão, Pathology Department, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Dauana M Sousa
- Federal University of Maranhão, Pathology Department, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Naylene C Silva
- Federal University of Maranhão, Pathology Department, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Danilo R B Brito
- Animal Science Department, Federal Institute of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Neil D Sargison
- University of Edinburgh, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chaudhry U, Redman EM, Kaplan R, Yazwinski T, Sargison N, Gilleard JS. Contrasting patterns of isotype-1 β-tubulin allelic diversity in Haemonchus contortus and Haemonchus placei in the southern USA are consistent with a model of localised emergence of benzimidazole resistance. Vet Parasitol 2020; 286:109240. [PMID: 32950742 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The benzimidazoles are one of the most important broad-spectrum anthelmintic drug classes for parasitic nematode control in domestic animals and humans. They have been widely used in livestock, particularly in small ruminants for over 40 years. This has resulted in widespread resistance in small ruminant gastrointestinal nematode parasite species, especially Haemonchus contortus. Benzimidazole resistance mutations have also been reported in Haemonchus placei, but only at low frequencies, suggesting resistance is at a much earlier stage of emergence than is the case for H. contortus. Here, we investigate the haplotype diversity of isotype-1 β-tubulin benzimidazole resistance mutations and the population genetic structure of H. contortus and H. placei populations from sheep and cattle from the southern USA. Microsatellite genotyping revealed a low level of genetic differentiation in six H.placei and seven H. contortus populations examined. This is consistent with several previous studies from other regions, mainly in H. contortus, supporting a model of high gene flow between parasite populations. There was a single F200Y(TAC) haplotype present in all six H. placei populations across Georgia, Florida and Arkansas. In contrast, there were at least two different F200Y(TAC) haplotypes (up to four) and two different F167Y(TAC) haplotypes across the seven H. contortus populations studied. These results provide further evidence to support a model for benzimidazole resistance in Haemonchus spp, in which resistance mutations arise from a single, or the small number of locations, in a region during the early phases of emergence, and subsequently spread due to animal movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umer Chaudhry
- University of Edinburgh Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, Scotland, UK; Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary Alberta, Canada; Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, UK.
| | - E M Redman
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary Alberta, Canada
| | - Ray Kaplan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Thomas Yazwinski
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Neil Sargison
- University of Edinburgh Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, Scotland, UK
| | - John S Gilleard
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arsenopoulos K, Minoudi S, Symeonidou I, Triantafyllidis A, Katsafadou AI, Lianou DT, Fthenakis GC, Papadopoulos E. Frequency of Resistance to Benzimidazoles of Haemonchus contortus Helminths from Dairy Sheep, Goats, Cattle and Buffaloes in Greece. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050347. [PMID: 32375252 PMCID: PMC7280990 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the presence of resistance to benzimidazoles in Haemonchus contortus helminths from ruminant species in Greece through the detection of the Phe/Tyr polymorphism in the amino acid at position 200 of the β-tubulin protein. In total, 288 adult female H. contortus helminths collected from the abomasum of various ruminant animals in Greece were tested. Of these, 96 were collected from sheep, 96 from goats, 48 from cattle, and 48 from buffaloes. The frequencies of the homozygous and heterozygous resistant genotypes at the position 200 of the β-tubulin gene of helminths recovered from sheep were 96.9% and 3.1%, respectively. The frequencies of the homozygous and heterozygous resistant genotypes, respectively, were 100.0% and 0.0% in helminths from goats, 25.0% and 75.0% in helminths from cattle and 8.3% and 91.7% in helminths from buffaloes. In all parasitic populations, no homozygous susceptible genotypes were detected. The present study highlighted, for the first time, the emergence of benzimidazole-resistant H. contortus in goats, cattle, and buffaloes in Greece, using an allele-specific PCR. It is postulated that benzimidazole-resistant alleles were transferred from sheep or goats to cattle and buffaloes at the commonly grazing pastures in Greece.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Arsenopoulos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (I.S.)
| | - Styliani Minoudi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Isaia Symeonidou
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (I.S.)
| | - Alexandros Triantafyllidis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Angeliki I. Katsafadou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (A.I.K.); (D.T.L.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Daphne T. Lianou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (A.I.K.); (D.T.L.); (G.C.F.)
| | - George C. Fthenakis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (A.I.K.); (D.T.L.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Elias Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khan S, Nisar A, Yuan J, Luo X, Dou X, Liu F, Zhao X, Li J, Ahmad H, Mehmood SA, Feng X. A Whole Genome Re-Sequencing Based GWA Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes Associated with Ivermectin Resistance in Haemonchus contortus. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E367. [PMID: 32231078 PMCID: PMC7230667 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important and broad-spectrum drug used to control the parasitic worms to date is ivermectin (IVM). Resistance against IVM has emerged in parasites, and preserving its efficacy is now becoming a serious issue. The parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803) is economically an important parasite of small ruminants across the globe, which has a successful track record in IVM resistance. There are growing evidences regarding the multigenic nature of IVM resistance, and although some genes have been proposed as candidates of IVM resistance using lower magnification of genome, the genetic basis of IVM resistance still remains poorly resolved. Using the full magnification of genome, we herein applied a population genomics approach to characterize genome-wide signatures of selection among pooled worms from two susceptible and six ivermectin-resistant isolates of H. contortus, and revealed candidate genes under selection in relation to IVM resistance. These candidates also included a previously known IVM-resistance-associated candidate gene HCON_00148840, glc-3. Finally, an RNA-interference-based functional validation assay revealed the HCON_00143950 as IVM-tolerance-associated gene in H. contortus. The possible role of this gene in IVM resistance could be detoxification of xenobiotic in phase I of xenobiotic metabolism. The results of this study further enhance our understanding on the IVM resistance and continue to provide further evidence in favor of multigenic nature of IVM resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sawar Khan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ayesha Nisar
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jianqi Yuan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, China
- Veterinary Research Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Xueqin Dou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaochao Zhao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Junyan Li
- Veterinary Research Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Habib Ahmad
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | | | - Xingang Feng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Turnbull F, Devaney E, Morrison AA, Laing R, Bartley DJ. Genotypic characterisation of monepantel resistance in historical and newly derived field strains of Teladorsagia circumcincta. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2019; 11:59-69. [PMID: 31622822 PMCID: PMC6796645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports of monepantel (MPTL) resistance in UK field isolates of Teladorsagia circumcincta has highlighted the need for a better understanding of the mechanism of MPTL-resistance in order to preserve its anthelmintic efficacy in this economically important species. Nine discrete populations of T. circumcincta were genotypically characterised; three MPTL-susceptible isolates, three experimentally selected MPTL-resistant strains and three field derived populations. Full-length Tci-mptl-1 gene sequences were generated and comparisons between the MPTL-susceptible isolates, MPTL-resistant strains and one field isolate, showed that different putative MPTL-resistance conferring mutations were present in different resistant isolates. Truncated forms of the Tci-mptl-1 gene were also observed. The genetic variability of individual larvae, within and between populations, was examined using microsatellite analyses at 10 'neutral' loci (presumed to be unaffected by MPTL). Results confirmed that there was little background genetic variation between the populations, global FST <0.038. Polymorphisms present in exons 7 and 8 of Tci-mptl-1 enabled genotyping of individual larvae. A reduction in the number of genotypes was observed in all MPTL-resistant strains compared to the MPTL-susceptible strains that they were derived from, suggesting there was purifying selection at Tci-mptl-1 as a result of MPTL-treatment. The potential link between benzimidazole (BZ)-resistance and MPTL-resistance was examined by screening individual larvae for the presence of three SNPs associated with BZ-resistance in the β-tubulin isotype-1 gene. The majority of larvae were BZ-susceptible homozygotes at positions 167 and 198. Increased heterozygosity at position 200 was observed in the MPTL-resistant strains compared to their respective MPTL-susceptible population. There was no decrease in the occurrence of BZ-resistant genotypes in larvae from each population. These differences, in light of the purifying selection at this locus in all MPTL-resistant isolates, suggests that Tci-mptl-1 confers MPTL-resistance in T. circumcincta, as in Haemonchus contortus, but that different mutations in Tci-mptl-1 can confer resistance in different populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Turnbull
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom; Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Eileen Devaney
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Alison A Morrison
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Roz Laing
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Dave J Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Portanier E, Garel M, Devillard S, Duhayer J, Poirel MT, Henri H, Régis C, Maillard D, Redman E, Itty C, Michel P, Bourgoin G. Does host socio-spatial behavior lead to a fine-scale spatial genetic structure in its associated parasites? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:64. [PMID: 31697232 PMCID: PMC6836744 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2019062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastro-intestinal nematodes, especially Haemonchus contortus, are widespread pathogenic parasites of small ruminants. Studying their spatial genetic structure is as important as studying host genetic structure to fully understand host-parasite interactions and transmission patterns. For parasites having a simple life cycle (e.g., monoxenous parasites), gene flow and spatial genetic structure are expected to strongly rely on the socio-spatial behavior of their hosts. Based on five microsatellite loci, we tested this hypothesis for H. contortus sampled in a wild Mediterranean mouflon population (Ovis gmelini musimon × Ovis sp.) in which species- and environment-related characteristics have been found to generate socio-spatial units. We nevertheless found that their parasites had no spatial genetic structure, suggesting that mouflon behavior was not enough to limit parasite dispersal in this study area and/or that other ecological and biological factors were involved in this process, for example other hosts, the parasite life cycle, or the study area history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Portanier
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mathieu Garel
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Unité Ongulés Sauvages, 5 allée de Bethléem, Z.I. Mayencin, 38610 Gières, France
| | - Sébastien Devillard
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jeanne Duhayer
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, 69622 Villeurbanne, France - Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Unité Ongulés Sauvages, 5 allée de Bethléem, Z.I. Mayencin, 38610 Gières, France - Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, BP 83, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Poirel
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, 69622 Villeurbanne, France - Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, BP 83, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Hélène Henri
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Corinne Régis
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Daniel Maillard
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Unité Ongulés Sauvages, 5 allée de Bethléem, Z.I. Mayencin, 38610 Gières, France
| | - Elizabeth Redman
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CA-T3B 2C3 Calgary, Canada
| | - Christian Itty
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Unité Ongulés Sauvages, 5 allée de Bethléem, Z.I. Mayencin, 38610 Gières, France
| | - Patricia Michel
- GIEC du Caroux-Espinouse, Fagairolles, 34610 Castanet-Le-Haut, France
| | - Gilles Bourgoin
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, 69622 Villeurbanne, France - Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, BP 83, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khan S, Zhao X, Hou Y, Yuan C, Li Y, Luo X, Liu J, Feng X. Analysis of genome-wide SNPs based on 2b-RAD sequencing of pooled samples reveals signature of selection in different populations of Haemonchus contortus. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
10
|
Microsatellite analysis reveals extensive gene flow, and lack of population structure in the farm populations of Haemonchus contortus in northern China. Parasitol Int 2019; 73:101959. [PMID: 31299355 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus is economically an important parasite of small ruminants across the globe. China is the world's largest producer, consumer, and importer of mutton. With ubiquitous distribution across the country H. contortus is one of the potential candidates to cause huge economic losses to small ruminant farming industry in China. We herein investigated genetic diversity and population structure of six farm populations of H. contortus in northern China, and also compared them to H. contortus isolates from UK and Australia. We first prepared individual DNA samples from 240 adult worms, and generated genotyping data using eight microsatellite markers. Obtained data was then subjected to allelic frequency and population genetic analyses. The overall allelic richness (mean/locus/pop = 7.375 ± 0.844-10.125 ± 1.109), and expected heterozygosity (mean/locus/pop = 0.646 ± 0.040-0.735 ± 0.025) indicated high degree of population genetic variation across the Chinese isolates. Low level of genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.010-0.066) was observed across all the populations. AMOVA results showed high level of variation (93%) within the populations. PCA analysis revealed mixed clustering of all the populations with no visible geographical sub-structuring. Finally the population admixture analysis resulted in extensive admixing of genotypes across all the populations. With these findings we conclude that there is no obvious population genetic structure with extensive gene flow across all the farm populations of H. contortus in northern China.
Collapse
|
11
|
Dey AR, Zhang Z, Begum N, Alim MA, Hu M, Alam MZ. Genetic diversity patterns of Haemonchus contortus isolated from sheep and goats in Bangladesh. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 68:177-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
12
|
Ali Q, Rashid I, Shabbir MZ, Shahzad K, Ashraf K, Sargison ND, Chaudhry U. Population genetics of benzimidazole-resistant Haemonchus contortus and Haemonchus placei from buffalo and cattle: implications for the emergence and spread of resistance mutations. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3575-3583. [PMID: 30143871 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The population genetics of nematode parasites are poorly understood with practical reference to the selection and spread of anthelmintic resistance mutations. Haemonchus species are important to study the nematode population genetics due to their clinical importance in ruminant livestock, and the availability of genomic resources. In the present study, it has been examined that Haemonchus contortus and Haemonchus placei populations from three buffalo and nine cattle hosts. Seventy-three individual adult worms of H. contortus and 148 of H. placei were analysed using a panel of seven microsatellite markers. The number of alleles per locus in H. contortus and H. placei indicated that all populations were polymorphic for the microsatellites used in the present study. Genetic diversity parameters included high levels of allelic richness and heterozygosity, indicating effective population sizes, high mutation rates and high transmission frequencies in the area. Genetic structure parameters revealed low genetic differentiation between and high levels of genetic variation within H. contortus and H. placei populations. Population dynamic analyses showed an absence of heterozygosity excess in both species, suggesting that there was no deviation from genetic drift equilibrium. Our results provide a proof of concept for better understanding of the consequences of specific control strategies, climatic change or management strategies on the population genetics of anthelmintic resistance alleles in Haemonchus spp. infecting co-managed buffalo and cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qasim Ali
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imran Rashid
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Shahzad
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Skovde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Kamran Ashraf
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Neil D Sargison
- The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Umer Chaudhry
- The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Doyle SR, Laing R, Bartley DJ, Britton C, Chaudhry U, Gilleard JS, Holroyd N, Mable BK, Maitland K, Morrison AA, Tait A, Tracey A, Berriman M, Devaney E, Cotton JA, Sargison ND. A Genome Resequencing-Based Genetic Map Reveals the Recombination Landscape of an Outbred Parasitic Nematode in the Presence of Polyploidy and Polyandry. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 10:396-409. [PMID: 29267942 PMCID: PMC5793844 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus is an economically and clinically important pathogen of small ruminants, and a model system for understanding the mechanisms and evolution of traits such as anthelmintic resistance. Anthelmintic resistance is widespread and is a major threat to the sustainability of livestock agriculture globally; however, little is known about the genome architecture and parameters such as recombination that will ultimately influence the rate at which resistance may evolve and spread. Here, we performed a genetic cross between two divergent strains of H. contortus, and subsequently used whole-genome resequencing of a female worm and her brood to identify the distribution of genome-wide variation that characterizes these strains. Using a novel bioinformatic approach to identify variants that segregate as expected in a pseudotestcross, we characterized linkage groups and estimated genetic distances between markers to generate a chromosome-scale F1 genetic map. We exploited this map to reveal the recombination landscape, the first for any helminth species, demonstrating extensive variation in recombination rate within and between chromosomes. Analyses of these data also revealed the extent of polyandry, whereby at least eight males were found to have contributed to the genetic variation of the progeny analyzed. Triploid offspring were also identified, which we hypothesize are the result of nondisjunction during female meiosis or polyspermy. These results expand our knowledge of the genetics of parasitic helminths and the unusual life-history of H. contortus, and enhance ongoing efforts to understand the genetic basis of resistance to the drugs used to control these worms and for related species that infect livestock and humans throughout the world. This study also demonstrates the feasibility of using whole-genome resequencing data to directly construct a genetic map in a single generation cross from a noninbred nonmodel organism with a complex lifecycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Doyle
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Roz Laing
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David J Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Collette Britton
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Umer Chaudhry
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John S Gilleard
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nancy Holroyd
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara K Mable
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Maitland
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alison A Morrison
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Tait
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Tracey
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Berriman
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Devaney
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - James A Cotton
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Neil D Sargison
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Aguayo-Ortiz R, Cano-González L, Castillo R, Hernández-Campos A, Dominguez L. Structure-based approaches for the design of benzimidazole-2-carbamate derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:40-51. [PMID: 28004475 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are highly dynamic assemblies of α/β-tubulin heterodimers whose polymerization inhibition is among one of the most successful approaches for anticancer drug development. Overexpression of the class I (βI) and class III (βIII) β-tubulin isotypes in breast and lung cancers and the highly expressed class VI (βVI) β-tubulin isotype in normal blood cells have increased the interest for designing specific tubulin-binding anticancer therapies. To this end, we employed our previously proposed model of the β-tubulin-nocodazole complex, supported by the recently determined X-ray structure, to identify the fundamental structural differences between β-tubulin isotypes. Moreover, we employed docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to determine the binding mode of a series of benzimidazole-2-carbamete (BzC) derivatives in the βI-, βIII-, and βVI-tubulin isotypes. Our results demonstrate that Ala198 in the βVI isotype reduces the affinity of BzCs, explaining the low bone marrow toxicity for nocodazole. Additionally, no significant differences in the binding modes between βI- and βIII-BzC complexes were observed; however, Ser239 in the βIII isotype might be associated with the low affinity of BzCs to this isotype. Finally, our study provides insight into the β-tubulin-BzC interaction features essential for the development of more selective and less toxic anticancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México, Mexico.,Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México, Mexico
| | - Lucia Cano-González
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México, Mexico
| | - Rafael Castillo
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México, Mexico
| | - Alicia Hernández-Campos
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México, Mexico
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Genotypic and phenotypic evaluation for benzimidazole resistance or susceptibility in Haemonchus contortus isolates. Parasitol Res 2016; 116:797-807. [PMID: 28032300 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus isolates were evaluated for benzimidazole (BZ) resistance or susceptibility by allele-specific PCR based on β-tubulin isotype 1 gene polymorphisms at the F167Y, E198A, and F200Y sites. Two isolates, one presumed susceptible from wild pronghorn antelope (PH) and one known to be resistant from goats (VM), were also assayed phenotypically for BZ resistance or susceptibility in the larval development assay (Drenchrite®). The BZ EC50 was 0.198 μM (intermediate between susceptible and weak resistant) for PH with critical well 5 (intermediate between susceptible and weak resistant) and 1.456 μM (intermediate weak resistant and resistant) for VM with critical well 8.5 (resistant). Genotypically, DNA extracted from pooled VM L3 larvae in the Drenchrite® wells with the highest BZ concentration was homozygous susceptible (SS) at the F167Y and E198A sites and homozygous resistant (RR) at the F200Y site by PCR, and sequence analysis bore this out. PH L3 larvae DNA from a control well (no BZ) was SS at all three sites by PCR, confirmed by sequence analysis. All single adult worm samples (N = 21) from PH, VM, Egypt goat (EG), and a Texas llama were SS at F167Y and E198A by PCR; however, only 3 PH worms and 1 EG worm were SS at F200Y. Three additional PH worms were RS and upon cloning two clones were identified as resistant by sequencing and two as susceptible. Clones from single adult worms VM, llama, and EG samples that were RR by PCR at F200Y were sequence verified as resistant. In this study, F200Y was the most frequently found genotypic marker for BZ resistance or susceptibility in the different Haemonchus isolates.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yin F, Gasser RB, Li F, Bao M, Huang W, Zou F, Zhao G, Wang C, Yang X, Zhou Y, Zhao J, Fang R, Hu M. Population structure of Haemonchus contortus from seven geographical regions in China, determined on the basis of microsatellite markers. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:586. [PMID: 27846862 PMCID: PMC5111246 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studying genetic variation within and among Haemonchus contortus populations can inform some aspects of this parasite’s population genetics and epidemiology. However, almost nothing is known about such variation in China. Methods Adult males of H. contortus (n = 184) representing seven distinct populations in China were collected, and genetic variation within and among these populations was explored using eight distinct microsatellite markers. Results Genetic parameters, such as heterozygosity and inbreeding coefficient (FIS) indicated that all eight microsatellites were highly polymorphic. Various analyses (AMOVA, FST, phylogenetic, structure, mantel test and population dynamics) revealed high within-population variation, low population genetic differentiation and high gene flow for H. contortus in China. Conclusions This study provides a first snapshot of the genetic substructuring of H. contortus populations in China using polymorphic markers, and might provide a starting point for assessing genetic changes over space and time during or following the implementation of particular treatment or control strategies, or changes as a consequence of environmental, management and climatic factors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1864-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Robin B Gasser
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Facai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Bao
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Liaoling Medical College, Jingzhou, 121000, Liaoling Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyi Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengcai Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunren Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Emery DL, Hunt PW, Le Jambre LF. Haemonchus contortus: the then and now, and where to from here? Int J Parasitol 2016; 46:755-769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
18
|
Phylogenetic patterns of Haemonchus contortus and related trichostrongylid nematodes isolated from Egyptian sheep. J Helminthol 2016; 91:583-588. [PMID: 27762173 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x16000687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is a major parasite of small ruminants and its blood-feeding behaviour causes effects ranging from mild anaemia to death. Knowledge of the genetic variation within and among H. contortus populations can provide the foundation for understanding transmission patterns and aid in the control of haemonchosis. Adult male H. contortus were collected from three geographical regions in Egypt. The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced directly. The population genetic diversity and sequence variations were determined. Nucleotide sequence analyses revealed one genotype (ITS2) in all worms, without genetic differentiation. The similarity in population genetic diversity and genetic patterns observed among the three geographical regions could be attributed to possible movement between the sites. This is the first study of genetic variation in H. contortus in Egypt. The present results could have implications for the rapid characterization of H. contortus and other trichostrongyloid nematodes, and evaluation of the epidemiology of H. contortus in Egypt.
Collapse
|
19
|
Furtado LFV, de Paiva Bello ACP, Rabelo ÉML. Benzimidazole resistance in helminths: From problem to diagnosis. Acta Trop 2016; 162:95-102. [PMID: 27338184 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Helminth parasites cause significant morbidity and mortality in endemic countries. Given the severity of symptoms that helminths may elicit in the host, intervention with prophylactic and therapeutic measures is imperative. Treatment with benzimidazoles is the most widely used means of combatting these parasites. However, widespread use of these drugs can select for drug-resistant parasite strains. In this review, we approach the problem of benzimidazole resistance in helminths in both humans and animals, focusing on the properties of the drug, the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance and how resistance is diagnosed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Viana Furtado
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Departamento de Parasitologia, L4 237, Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Passos de Paiva Bello
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Departamento de Parasitologia, L4 237, Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Élida Mara Leite Rabelo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Departamento de Parasitologia, L4 237, Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chaudhry U, Redman EM, Ashraf K, Shabbir MZ, Rashid MI, Ashraf S, Gilleard JS. Microsatellite marker analysis of Haemonchus contortus populations from Pakistan suggests that frequent benzimidazole drug treatment does not result in a reduction of overall genetic diversity. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:349. [PMID: 27316714 PMCID: PMC4912736 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of drug selection pressure on the overall genetic diversity of parasitic nematode populations in the field is poorly understood. In this study, we address this issue for the small ruminant parasite Haemonchus contortus in the Punjab, Pakistan. This region provides an opportunity to compare H. contortus populations that have been subjected to a prolonged period of frequent benzimidazole drug treatments on government farms with parasite populations that have been exposed to little or no drug treatment in neighbouring pastoral herds. Methods Adult H. contortus worms were collected from the abomasa of small ruminants from three government farms frequently using benzimidazole drugs, and closed to animal movement, for over 30 years and also from from eighteen pastoral herds subject to minimal drug selection. The frequency of three known benzimidazole resistance associated mutations was determined in each parasite population. For the seven parasite populations in which resistance mutations were found, the diversity, geographical distribution and phylogenetic relationships of isotype-1 β-tubulin benzimidazole resistance haplotypes were determined. In addition, the genetic diversity of the parasite populations on the three government farms were compared with those from four pastoral herds. Results The F200Y (TAC) resistance mutation was present at a very high frequency in H. contortus populations from government herds, but not from pastoral herds, consistent with their respective drug selection histories. Population genetic analysis, using a panel of microsatellite markers, revealed that there was little genetic differentiation among the parasite populations with no significant difference in the overall genetic diversity between government and pastoral herds. In addition, sequence analysis of the isotype-1 β-tubulin locus revealed multiple F200Y (TAC) haplotypes demonstrating soft selective sweeps even in government herds with little or no contemporary parasite migration. Conclusions The results suggest that, although the frequent drug treatment used on government farms has selected for a high frequency of benzimidazole resistance mutations, there has been little or no reduction in the overall genetic diversity of the selected parasite populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1624-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umer Chaudhry
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary Alberta, Calgary, Canada.,Present Address: Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - E M Redman
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary Alberta, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kamran Ashraf
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal sciences Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Rashid
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal sciences Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Veterinary and Animal sciences Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - John S Gilleard
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary Alberta, Calgary, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is one of the most successful and problematic livestock parasites worldwide. From its apparent evolutionary origins in sub-Saharan Africa, it is now found in small ruminants in almost all regions of the globe, and can infect a range of different domestic and wildlife artiodactyl hosts. It has a remarkably high propensity to develop resistance to anthelmintic drugs, making control increasingly difficult. The success of this parasite is, at least in part, due to its extremely high levels of genetic diversity that, in turn, provide a high adaptive capacity. Understanding this genetic diversity is important for many areas of research including anthelmintic resistance, epidemiology, control, drug/vaccine development and molecular diagnostics. In this article, we review the current knowledge of H. contortus genetic diversity and population structure for both field isolates and laboratory strains. We highlight the practical relevance of this knowledge with a particular emphasis on anthelmintic resistance research.
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu M, Cao S, Zhou M, Wang G, Jirapattharasate C, Adjou Moumouni PF, Iguchi A, Vudriko P, Suzuki H, Soma T, Xuan X. Genetic variations of four immunodominant antigens of Babesia gibsoni isolated from dogs in southwest Japan. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:298-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
23
|
Sarkissian CA, Campbell SK, Dharmarajan G, Jacquot J, Page LK, Graham DH. Microgeographic Population Genetic Structure of Baylisascaris procyonis (Nematoda: Ascaroidae) in Western Michigan Indicates the Grand River Is a Barrier to Gene Flow. J Parasitol 2015; 101:671-6. [DOI: 10.1645/15-767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Douglas H. Graham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Dr., Allendale, Michigan 49401. Correspondence should be sent to:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chaudhry U, Redman EM, Raman M, Gilleard JS. Genetic evidence for the spread of a benzimidazole resistance mutation across southern India from a single origin in the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus. Int J Parasitol 2015; 45:721-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
25
|
Nunes RL, dos Santos LL, Bastianetto E, de Oliveira DAA, Brasil BSAF. Frequency of benzimidazole resistance in Haemonchus contortus populations isolated from buffalo, goat and sheep herds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:548-53. [PMID: 24473880 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612013000400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anthelmintic resistance is an increasing problem that threatens livestock production worldwide. Understanding of the genetic basis of benzimidazole resistance recently allowed the development of promising molecular diagnostic tools. In this study, isolates of Haemonchus contortus obtained from goats, sheep and buffaloes raised in Brazil were screened for presence of the polymorphism Phe200Tyr in the β-tubulin 1 gene, which confers resistance to benzimidazole. The allelic frequency of the mutation conferring resistance ranged from 7% to 43%, and indicated that resistance to benzimidazole could be found in nematodes isolated from all the ruminant species surveyed. Although significant variation in the frequency of the F200Y mutation was observed between different herds or host species, no significant variation could be found in populations isolated from animals within the same herd. These findings suggest that screening of samples from a few animals has the potential to provide information about the benzimidazole resistance status of the entire herd, which would enable a considerable reduction in the costs of diagnosis for the producer. Molecular diagnosis has practical advantages, since it can guide the choice of anthelmintic drug that will be used, before its application in the herd, thus reducing the economic losses driven by anthelmintic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo Luiz Nunes
- Laboratório de Genética Animal, Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo HorizonteMG, Brasil, Laboratório de Genética Animal, Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Livia Loiola dos Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Animal, Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo HorizonteMG, Brasil, Laboratório de Genética Animal, Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Bastianetto
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo HorizonteMG, Brasil, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Denise Aparecida Andrade de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Genética Animal, Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo HorizonteMG, Brasil, Laboratório de Genética Animal, Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vázquez-Prieto S, Vilas R, Ubeira FM, Paniagua E. Temporal genetic variation of Fasciola hepatica from sheep in Galicia (NW Spain). Vet Parasitol 2015; 209:268-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
27
|
Montarry J, Jan PL, Gracianne C, Overall ADJ, Bardou-Valette S, Olivier E, Fournet S, Grenier E, Petit EJ. Heterozygote deficits in cyst plant-parasitic nematodes: possible causes and consequences. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:1654-77. [PMID: 25735762 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Deviations of genotypic frequencies from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) expectations could reveal important aspects of the biology of populations. Deviations from HWE due to heterozygote deficits have been recorded for three plant-parasitic nematode species. However, it has never been determined whether the observed deficits were due (i) to the presence of null alleles, (ii) to a high level of consanguinity and/or (iii) to a Wahlund effect. The aim of the present work was, while taking into the possible confounding effect of null alleles, to disentangle consanguinity and Wahlund effect in natural populations of those three economically important cyst nematodes using microsatellite markers: Globodera pallida, G. tabacum and Heterodera schachtii, pests of potato, tobacco and sugar beet, respectively. The results show a consistent pattern of heterozygote deficiency in the three nematode species sampled at the spatial scale of the host plant. We demonstrate that the prevalence of null alleles is weak and that heterozygote deficits do not have a single origin. Our results suggested that it is restricted dispersal that leads to heterozygote deficits through both consanguinity and substructure, which effects can be linked to soil movement, cyst density, and the number of generations per year. We discuss potential implications for the durability of plant resistances that are used to protect crops against parasites in which mating between relatives occur. While consanguineous mating leads to homozygosity at all loci, including loci governing avirulence/virulence, which favours the expression of virulence when recessive, the Wahlund effect is expected to have no particular effect on the adaptation of nematodes to resistances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josselin Montarry
- INRA, UMR1349 IGEPP (Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection), F-35653, Le Rheu, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
The emergence of resistance to the benzimidazole anthlemintics in parasitic nematodes of livestock is characterised by multiple independent hard and soft selective sweeps. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003494. [PMID: 25658086 PMCID: PMC4319741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthelmintic resistance is a major problem for the control of parasitic nematodes of livestock and of growing concern for human parasite control. However, there is little understanding of how resistance arises and spreads or of the "genetic signature" of selection for this group of important pathogens. We have investigated these questions in the system for which anthelmintic resistance is most advanced; benzimidazole resistance in the sheep parasites Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta. Population genetic analysis with neutral microsatellite markers reveals that T. circumcincta has higher genetic diversity but lower genetic differentiation between farms than H. contortus in the UK. We propose that this is due to epidemiological differences between the two parasites resulting in greater seasonal bottlenecking of H. contortus. There is a remarkably high level of resistance haplotype diversity in both parasites compared with drug resistance studies in other eukaryotic systems. Our analysis suggests a minimum of four independent origins of resistance mutations on just seven farms for H. contortus, and even more for T. circumincta. Both hard and soft selective sweeps have occurred with striking differences between individual farms. The sweeps are generally softer for T. circumcincta than H. contortus, consistent with its higher level of genetic diversity and consequent greater availability of new mutations. We propose a model in which multiple independent resistance mutations recurrently arise and spread by migration to explain the widespread occurrence of resistance in these parasites. Finally, in spite of the complex haplotypic diversity, we show that selection can be detected at the target locus using simple measures of genetic diversity and departures from neutrality. This work has important implications for the application of genome-wide approaches to identify new anthelmintic resistance loci and the likelihood of anthelmintic resistance emerging as selection pressure is increased in human soil-transmitted nematodes by community wide treatment programs.
Collapse
|
29
|
McManus C, do Prado Paim T, de Melo CB, Brasil BSAF, Paiva SR. Selection methods for resistance to and tolerance of helminths in livestock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:56. [PMID: 25350972 PMCID: PMC4211276 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2014055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Helminthiases are among the most important livestock diseases worldwide, in particular for small ruminants, which are the focus of this review. Resource Allocation Theory implies that high-productivity farm animals proportionate insufficient resources for adequate coping with stressful conditions. Significant differences between breeds and within breeds are seen, as well as genotype vs. environment interactions. With improvement of genetic host resistance to infection, transmission of infection will be impacted. On the other hand, genetic improvement of resilience can lead to a reduction in clinical signs of disease, but not necessarily reduce transmission of infection to other animals. Faecal egg count (FEC) is the main measurement used to evaluate helminthiasis load, despite the fact that the protocols and analytical methods can affect the results, and the FEC data frequently shows aggregative, negative skewed distribution, and a high coefficient of variation. Mass selection where heritability is generally medium to low generally produces slow results and low economic returns. Many studies have been published linking resistance to nematodes in livestock to Quantitative Trait Loci and most studies have concentrated on chromosomes where the major histocompatibility complex region is located. Nevertheless, these complex traits have been seen to be affected by thousands of variants that each has a small effect. More recent studies have shown that genome-wide selection strategies can be useful in selecting animals for improved production and resistance traits in this case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Concepta McManus
- Vice-Coordinator INCT-Pecuaria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Zootecnia, Av. Bento Gonçalves, CEP 91540-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil - Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900 Asa Norte, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Tiago do Prado Paim
- INCT - Pecuaria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil - Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Iporá, Avenida Oeste s/n, saída para Piranhas, CEP 76.200-000 Iporá, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Barros de Melo
- Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900 Asa Norte, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil - INCT - Pecuaria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Samuel R Paiva
- Secretaria de Relações Internacionais, Embrapa, Final W5 Norte, 70770-901 Brasília, Brazil - EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Final W5 Norte, 70770-901 Brasília, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Development of 12 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers using a next generation sequencing approach for Spiculopteragia spiculoptera, a nematode parasite of deer. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2014; 196:122-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
31
|
Nielsen M, Reinemeyer C, Donecker J, Leathwick D, Marchiondo A, Kaplan R. Anthelmintic resistance in equine parasites—Current evidence and knowledge gaps. Vet Parasitol 2014; 204:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
32
|
Aguayo-Ortiz R, Méndez-Lucio O, Romo-Mancillas A, Castillo R, Yépez-Mulia L, Medina-Franco JL, Hernández-Campos A. Molecular basis for benzimidazole resistance from a novel β-tubulin binding site model. J Mol Graph Model 2013; 45:26-37. [PMID: 23995453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazole-2-carbamate derivatives (BzCs) are the most commonly used antiparasitic drugs for the treatment of protozoan and helminthic infections. BzCs inhibit the microtubule polymerization mechanism through binding selectively to the β-tubulin subunit in which mutations have been identified that lead to drug resistance. Currently, the lack of crystallographic structures of β-tubulin in parasites has limited the study of the binding site and the analysis of the resistance to BzCs. Recently, our research group has proposed a model to explain the interaction between the BzCs and a binding site in the β-tubulin. Herein, we report the homology models of two susceptible (Haemonchus contortus and Giardia intestinalis) parasites and one unsusceptible (Entamoeba histolytica) generated using the structure of the mammal Ovis aries, considered as a low susceptible organism, as a template. Additionally, the mechanism by which the principal single point mutations Phe167Tyr, Glu198Ala and Phe200Tyr could lead to resistance to BzCs is analyzed. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies were carried out in order to evaluate the models and the ligand-protein complexes' behaviors. This study represents a first attempt towards understanding, at the molecular level, the structural composition of β-tubulin in all organisms, also suggesting possible resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, these results support the importance of benzimidazole derivative optimization in order to design more potent and selective (less toxic) molecules for the treatment of parasitic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gilabert A, Wasmuth JD. Unravelling parasitic nematode natural history using population genetics. Trends Parasitol 2013; 29:438-48. [PMID: 23948430 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The health and economic importance of parasitic nematodes cannot be overstated. Moreover, they offer a complex and diverse array of life strategies, raising a multitude of evolutionary questions. Researchers are applying population genetics to parasitic nematodes in order to disentangle some aspects of their life strategies, improve our knowledge about disease epidemiology, and design control strategies. However, population genetics studies of nematodes have been constrained due to the difficulty in sampling nematodes and developing molecular markers. In this context, new computational and sequencing technologies represent promising tools to investigate population genomics of parasitic, non-model, nematode species in an epidemiological context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aude Gilabert
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Genetic diversity patterns of Haemonchus placei and Haemonchus contortus populations isolated from domestic ruminants in Brazil. Int J Parasitol 2012; 42:469-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
35
|
Vilas R, Vázquez-Prieto S, Paniagua E. Contrasting patterns of population genetic structure of Fasciola hepatica from cattle and sheep: implications for the evolution of anthelmintic resistance. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 12:45-52. [PMID: 22036705 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Twelve polymorphic genetic markers, eight allozymic loci and four microsatellites, were used to characterize 20 infrapopulations of Fasciola hepatica (all flukes from 10 individual cattle and 10 sheep) from 11 farms in Northwest Spain. Results suggest different patterns of population genetic structure depending on the host species. Individuals identified as clones were much more frequent in sheep. The common presence of clones and its nonrandom occurrence among individual hosts suggests clumped transmission of liver flukes in sheep. After reducing significant repeated multilocus genotypes to one unique copy within infrapopulations, results show relatively high levels of gene diversity within infrapopulations from cattle and sheep (0.411 and 0.360 on average, respectively). However, parasites of sheep appear to show significantly more structured variation at the infrapopulation level (Standardized F(ST)=0.087 and 0.170 for parasites of cattle and sheep, respectively). Compared to the parasites from cattle, results suggest that populations from sheep show lower levels of gene flow, higher degree of aggregate transmission, higher probability of mating within clones, and lower parasitic load. These differences have implications for the evolution of anthelmintic resistance because they affect the effective population size and the degree of inbreeding. The development and rapid spread of resistance seems likely in the parasites of cattle because populations from the study area are characterized by high gene flow. However, results also suggest that the efficient selection of a new recessive advantageous mutation would be favored in parasites of sheep due to a greater potential for inbreeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Román Vilas
- Departamento de Xenética, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Facultade de Veterinaria, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Since 1977, >2000 research papers described attempts to detect, identify and/or quantify parasites, or disease organisms carried by ecto-parasites, using DNA-based tests and 148 reviews of the topic were published. Despite this, only a few DNA-based tests for parasitic diseases are routinely available, and most of these are optional tests used occasionally in disease diagnosis. Malaria, trypanosomiasis, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis and cryptosporidiosis diagnosis may be assisted by DNA-based testing in some countries, but there are very few cases where the detection of veterinary parasites is assisted by DNA-based tests. The diagnoses of some bacterial (e.g. lyme disease) and viral diseases (e.g. tick borne encephalitis) which are transmitted by ecto-parasites more commonly use DNA-based tests, and research developing tests for these species makes up almost 20% of the literature. Other important uses of DNA-based tests are for epidemiological and risk assessment, quality control for food and water, forensic diagnosis and in parasite biology research. Some DNA-based tests for water-borne parasites, including Cryptosporidium and Giardia, are used in routine checks of water treatment, but forensic and food-testing applications have not been adopted in routine practice. Biological research, including epidemiological research, makes the widest use of DNA-based diagnostics, delivering enhanced understanding of parasites and guidelines for managing parasitic diseases. Despite the limited uptake of DNA-based tests to date, there is little doubt that they offer great potential to not only detect, identify and quantify parasites, but also to provide further information important for the implementation of parasite control strategies. For example, variant sequences within species of parasites and other organisms can be differentiated by tests in a manner similar to genetic testing in medicine or livestock breeding. If an association between DNA sequence and phenotype has been demonstrated, then qualities such as drug resistance, strain divergence, virulence, and origin of isolates could be inferred by DNA-based tests. No such tests are in clinical or commercial use in parasitology and few tests are available for other organisms. Why have DNA-based tests not had a bigger impact in veterinary and human medicine? To explore this question, technological, biological, economic and sociological factors must be considered. Additionally, a realistic expectation of research progress is needed. DNA-based tests could enhance parasite management in many ways, but patience, persistence and dedication will be needed to achieve this goal.
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
The Consortium for Anthelmintic Resistance and Susceptibility (CARS) brings together researchers worldwide, with a focus of advancing knowledge of resistance and providing information on detection methods and treatment strategies. Advances in this field suggest mechanisms and features of resistance that are shared among different classes of anthelmintic. Benzimidazole resistance is characterized by specific amino acid substitutions in beta-tubulin. If present, these substitutions increase in frequency upon drug treatment and lead to treatment failure. In the laboratory, sequence substitutions in ion-channels can contribute to macrocyclic lactone resistance, but there is little evidence that they are significant in the field. Changes in gene expression are associated with resistance to several different classes of anthelmintic. Increased P-glycoprotein expression may prevent drug access to its site of action. Decreased expression of ion-channel subunits and the loss of specific receptors may remove the drug target. Tools for the identification and genetic analysis of parasitic nematodes and a new online database will help to coordinate research efforts in this area. Resistance may result from a loss of sensitivity as well as the appearance of resistance. A focus on the presence of anthelmintic susceptibility may be as important as the detection of resistance.
Collapse
|
38
|
Skuce P, Stenhouse L, Jackson F, Hypsa V, Gilleard J. Benzimidazole resistance allele haplotype diversity in United Kingdom isolates of Teladorsagia circumcincta supports a hypothesis of multiple origins of resistance by recurrent mutation. Int J Parasitol 2010; 40:1247-55. [PMID: 20451524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the isotype I beta-tubulin gene are important genetic determinants of benzimidazole (BZ) resistance in a number of parasitic nematode species including Teladorsagia circumcincta, a major gastrointestinal nematode of sheep. This study investigates the genetic diversity at this locus in a BZ-resistant isolate of T. circumcincta (MTci5) derived from a sheep farm in the United Kingdom (UK) that was open to animal, and therefore parasite, migration. Pyrosequencing was used to determine the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) known to be associated with BZ resistance. This was followed by a combination of single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and nucleotide sequencing to sample allelic diversity in a 276bp fragment immediately surrounding the isotype I beta-tubulin F200Y mutation. The genetic diversity at this locus was extremely high, with seven different haplotypes found to contain the resistant F200Y polymorphism in this single resistant isolate. Genotyping by SSCP interfaced with pyrosequencing demonstrated that the P200(Y) mutation is also present on multiple haplotypes in two other BZ-resistant T. circumcincta isolates from the UK. This contrasts with much lower levels of haplotype diversity in BZ-resistant alleles present in T. circumcincta isolates from French goat farms that are closed to parasite migration. Taken together with our knowledge of T. circumcincta population genetic structure, these results are most consistent with multiple independent origins of resistance and mixing of alleles due to the large amount of livestock movement in the UK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Skuce
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|