1
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Crawford NG, McGreevy TJ, Mullen SP, Schneider CJ. The genetic basis of conspicuous coloration in the Guadeloupean anole: Evolution by sexual and ecological selection. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10266. [PMID: 37435022 PMCID: PMC10330958 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how natural selection acts on the genome and contributes to the process of speciation is a primary aim of the study of evolution. Here we used natural variation in two subspecies of the Guadeloupean anole (Anolis marmoratus ssp.), from the island of Guadeloupe in the Lesser Antilles, to explore the genomic basis of adaptation and speciation in Anolis lizards. These subspecies inhabit distinct ecological environments and display marked differences in adult male color and pattern. We sequenced the complete genomes of 20 anoles, 10 from each subspecies, at 1.4× coverage. We used genome-wide scans of population differentiation, allele frequency spectrum, and linkage disequilibrium to characterize the genomic architecture within and between the subspecies. While most of the genome was undifferentiated, we observed five large divergent regions. Within these regions we identified blocks, 5 kb pairs in length, enriched for fixed single nucleotide polymorphisms. These blocks encompass 97 genes, two of which are candidate pigmentation genes. One is melanophilin (mlph), which helps transport melanosomes within melanocytes. The other is a cluster of differentiation 36 (cd36), which regulates carotenoid pigment sequestration. We used high-pressure liquid chromatography to confirm that carotenoid pigments are significantly more abundant in the conspicuous orange-pigmented skin of male A. m. marmoratus suggesting that cd36 may be regulating pigment deposition in this tissue. We identified for the first time a carotenoid gene that is a potential target of divergent sexual selection and may be contributing to the early stages of speciation in Anolis lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J. McGreevy
- Department of BiologyBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Natural Resources ScienceUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
| | - Sean P. Mullen
- Department of BiologyBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
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2
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Scherrer R, Donihue CM, Reynolds RG, Losos JB, Geneva AJ. Dewlap colour variation in Anolis sagrei is maintained among habitats within islands of the West Indies. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:680-692. [PMID: 35535762 PMCID: PMC9321103 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Animal signals evolve in an ecological context. Locally adapting animal sexual signals can be especially important for initiating or reinforcing reproductive isolation during the early stages of speciation. Previous studies have demonstrated that dewlap colour in Anolis lizards can be highly variable between populations in relation to both biotic and abiotic adaptive drivers at relatively large geographical scales. Here, we investigated differentiation of dewlap coloration among habitat types at a small spatial scale, within multiple islands of the West Indies, to test the hypothesis that similar local adaptive processes occur over smaller spatial scales. We explored variation in dewlap coloration in the most widespread species of anole, Anolis sagrei, across three characteristic habitats spanning the Bahamas and the Cayman Islands, namely beach scrub, primary coppice forest and mangrove forest. Using reflectance spectrometry paired with supervised machine learning, we found significant differences in spectral properties of the dewlap between habitats within small islands, sometimes over very short distances. Passive divergence in dewlap phenotype associated with isolation-by-distance did not seem to explain our results. On the other hand, these habitat-specific dewlap differences varied in magnitude and direction across islands, and thus, our primary test for adaptation-parallel responses across islands-was not supported. We suggest that neutral processes or selection could be involved in several ways, including sexual selection. Our results shed new light on the scale at which signal colour polymorphism can be maintained in the presence of gene flow, and the relative role of local adaptation and other processes in driving these patterns of dewlap colour variation across islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Scherrer
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Colin M Donihue
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Graham Reynolds
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, Asheville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan B Losos
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anthony J Geneva
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Burress ED, Muñoz MM. Ecological Opportunity from Innovation, not Islands, Drove the Anole Lizard Adaptive Radiation. Syst Biol 2021; 71:93-104. [PMID: 33956152 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Islands are thought to facilitate adaptive radiation by providing release from competition and predation. Anole lizards are considered a classic example of this phenomenon: different ecological specialists ('ecomorphs') evolved in the Caribbean Greater Antilles (Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico), resulting in convergent assemblages that are not observed in mainland Latin America. Yet, the role of islands in facilitating adaptive radiation is more often implied than directly tested, leaving uncertain the role of biogeography in stimulating diversification. Here, we assess the proposed "island effect" on anole diversification using Bayesian phylogenetic comparative methods that explicitly incorporate rate heterogeneity across the tree and demonstrate two cases of would-be false positives. We discovered that rates of speciation and morphological evolution of island and mainland anoles are equivalent, implying that islands provide no special context for exceptionally rapid diversification. Likewise, rates of evolution were equivalent between island anoles that arose via in situ versus dispersal-based mechanisms, and we found no evidence for island-specific rates of speciation or morphological evolution. Nonetheless, the origin of Anolis is characterized by a speciation pulse that slowed over time - a classic signature of waning ecological opportunity. Our findings cast doubt on the notion that islands catalyzed the anole adaptive radiation and instead point to a key innovation, adhesive toe pads, which facilitated the exploitation of many arboreal niches sparsely utilized by other iguanian lizards. The selective pressures responsible for arboreal niche diversification differ between islands and the mainland, but the tempo of diversification driven by these discordant processes is indistinguishable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Burress
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Martha M Muñoz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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4
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Prates I, D'Angiolella AB, Rodrigues MT, Melo-Sampaio PR, de Queiroz K, Bell RC. Evolutionary drivers of sexual signal variation in Amazon Slender Anoles. Evolution 2021; 75:1361-1376. [PMID: 33860933 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic variation among populations, as seen in the signaling traits of many species, provides an opportunity to test whether similar factors generate repeated phenotypic patterns in different parts of a species' range. We investigated whether genetic divergence, abiotic gradients, and sympatry with closely related species explain variation in the dewlap colors of Amazon Slender Anoles, Anolis fuscoauratus. To this aim, we characterized dewlap diversity in the field with respect to population genetic structure and evolutionary relationships, assessed whether dewlap phenotypes are associated with climate or landscape variables, and tested for nonrandom associations in the distributions of A. fuscoauratus phenotypes and sympatric Anolis species. We found that dewlap colors vary among but not within sites in A. fuscoauratus. Regional genetic clusters included multiple phenotypes, while populations with similar dewlaps were often distantly related. Phenotypes did not segregate in environmental space, providing no support for optimized signal transmission at a local scale. Instead, we found a negative association between certain phenotypes and sympatric Anolis species with similar dewlap color attributes, suggesting that interactions with closely related species promoted dewlap divergence among A. fuscoauratus populations. Amazon Slender Anoles emerge as a promising system to address questions about parallel trait evolution and the contribution of signaling traits to speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Prates
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, 20560.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | | | - Miguel T Rodrigues
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Melo-Sampaio
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kevin de Queiroz
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, 20560
| | - Rayna C Bell
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, 20560.,Herpetology Department, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, 94118
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5
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Myers TC, de Mello PLH, Glor RE. A morphometric assessment of species boundaries in a widespread anole lizard (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCryptic species – genetically distinct species that are morphologically difficult to distinguish – present challenges to systematists. Operationally, cryptic species are very difficult to identify and sole use of genetic data or morphological data can fail to recognize evolutionarily isolated lineages. We use morphometric data to test species boundaries hypothesized with genetic data in the North Caribbean bark anole (Anolis distichus), a suspected species complex. We use univariate and multivariate analyses to test if candidate species based on genetic data can be accurately diagnosed. We also test alternative species delimitation scenarios with a model fitting approach that evaluates normal mixture models capable of identifying morphological clusters. Our analyses reject the hypothesis that the candidate species are diagnosable. Neither uni- nor multivariate morphometric data distinguish candidate species. The best-supported model included two morphological clusters; however, these clusters were uneven and did not align with a plausible species divergence scenario. After removing two related traits driving this result, only one cluster was supported. Despite substantial differentiation revealed by genetic data, we recover no new evidence to delimit species and refrain from taxonomic revision. This study highlights the importance of considering other types of data along with molecular data when delimiting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner C Myers
- Department of Biological Sciences & Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Pietro L H de Mello
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Herpetology Division, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Richard E Glor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Herpetology Division, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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6
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Gray LN, Barley AJ, Hillis DM, Pavón‐Vázquez CJ, Poe S, White BA. Does breeding season variation affect evolution of a sexual signaling trait in a tropical lizard clade? Ecol Evol 2020; 10:3738-3746. [PMID: 32313632 PMCID: PMC7160170 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually selected traits can be expected to increase in importance when the period of sexual behavior is constrained, such as in seasonally restricted breeders. Anolis lizard male dewlaps are classic examples of multifaceted signaling traits, with demonstrated intraspecific reproductive function reflected in courtship behavior. Fitch and Hillis found a correlation between dewlap size and seasonality in mainland Anolis using traditional statistical methods and suggested that seasonally restricted breeding seasons enhanced the differentiation of this signaling trait. Here, we present two tests of the Fitch-Hillis Hypothesis using new phylogenetic and morphological data sets for 44 species of Mexican Anolis. A significant relationship between dewlap size and seasonality is evident in phylogenetically uncorrected analyses but erodes once phylogeny is accounted for. This loss of strong statistical support for a relationship between a key aspect of dewlap morphology and seasonality also occurs within a species complex (A. sericeus group) that inhabits seasonal and aseasonal environments. Our results fail to support seasonality as a strong driver of evolution of Anolis dewlap size. We discuss the implications of our results and the difficulty of disentangling the strength of single mechanisms on trait evolution when multiple selection pressures are likely at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi N. Gray
- Department of BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | | | - David M. Hillis
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of TexasAustinTXUSA
| | | | - Steven Poe
- Department of BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNMUSA
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7
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Reynolds RG, Kolbe JJ, Glor RE, López-Darias M, Gómez Pourroy CV, Harrison AS, de Queiroz K, Revell LJ, Losos JB. Phylogeographic and phenotypic outcomes of brown anole colonization across the Caribbean provide insight into the beginning stages of an adaptive radiation. J Evol Biol 2020; 33:468-494. [PMID: 31872929 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Some of the most important insights into the ecological and evolutionary processes of diversification and speciation have come from studies of island adaptive radiations, yet relatively little research has examined how these radiations initiate. We suggest that Anolis sagrei is a candidate for understanding the origins of the Caribbean Anolis adaptive radiation and how a colonizing anole species begins to undergo allopatric diversification, phenotypic divergence and, potentially, speciation. We undertook a genomic and morphological analysis of representative populations across the entire native range of A. sagrei, finding that the species originated in the early Pliocene, with the deepest divergence occurring between western and eastern Cuba. Lineages from these two regions subsequently colonized the northern Caribbean. We find that at the broadest scale, populations colonizing areas with fewer closely related competitors tend to evolve larger body size and more lamellae on their toepads. This trend follows expectations for post-colonization divergence from progenitors and convergence in allopatry, whereby populations freed from competition with close relatives evolve towards common morphological and ecological optima. Taken together, our results show a complex history of ancient and recent Cuban diaspora with populations on competitor-poor islands evolving away from their ancestral Cuban populations regardless of their phylogenetic relationships, thus providing insight into the original diversification of colonist anoles at the beginning of the radiation. Our research also supplies an evolutionary framework for the many studies of this increasingly important species in ecological and evolutionary research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason J Kolbe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Richard E Glor
- Herpetology Division, Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KA, USA
| | | | | | - Alexis S Harrison
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin de Queiroz
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Liam J Revell
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.,Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jonathan B Losos
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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8
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Abstract
: Anoles are regarded as important models for understanding dynamic processes in ecology and evolution. Most work on this group has focused on species in the Caribbean Sea, and recently in mainland South and Central America. However, the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) is home to seven species of anoles from three unique islands (Islas Cocos, Gorgona, and Malpelo) that have been largely overlooked. Four of these species are endemic to single islands (Norops townsendi on Isla Cocos, Dactyloa agassizi on Isla Malpelo, D. gorgonae and N. medemi on Isla Gorgona). Herein, we present a phylogenetic analysis of anoles from these islands in light of the greater anole phylogeny to estimate the timing of divergence from mainland lineages for each species. We find that two species of solitary anoles (D. agassizi and N. townsendi) diverged from mainland ancestors prior to the emergence of their respective islands. We also present population-wide morphological data suggesting that both display sexual size dimorphism, similar to single-island endemics in the Caribbean. All lineages on Isla Gorgona likely arose during past connections with South America, and ecologically partition their habitat. Finally, we highlight the importance of conservation of these species and island fauna in general.
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9
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Solovyeva EN, Lebedev VS, Dunayev EA, Nazarov RA, Bannikova AA, Che J, Murphy RW, Poyarkov NA. Cenozoic aridization in Central Eurasia shaped diversification of toad-headed agamas ( Phrynocephalus; Agamidae, Reptilia). PeerJ 2018; 6:e4543. [PMID: 29576991 PMCID: PMC5863718 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesize the phylogenetic relationships of the agamid genus Phrynocephalus to assess how past environmental changes shaped the evolutionary and biogeographic history of these lizards and especially the impact of paleogeography and climatic factors. Phrynocephalus is one of the most diverse and taxonomically confusing lizard genera. As a key element of Palearctic deserts, it serves as a promising model for studies of historical biogeography and formation of arid habitats in Eurasia. We used 51 samples representing 33 of 40 recognized species of Phrynocephalus covering all major areas of the genus. Molecular data included four mtDNA (COI, ND2, ND4, Cytb; 2,703 bp) and four nuDNA protein-coding genes (RAG1, BDNF, AKAP9, NKTR; 4,188 bp). AU-tests were implemented to test for significant differences between mtDNA- and nuDNA-based topologies. A time-calibrated phylogeny was estimated using a Bayesian relaxed molecular clock with nine fossil calibrations. We reconstructed the ancestral area of origin, biogeographic scenarios, body size, and the evolution of habitat preference. Phylogenetic analyses of nuDNA genes recovered a well-resolved and supported topology. Analyses detected significant discordance with the less-supported mtDNA genealogy. The position of Phrynocephalus mystaceus conflicted greatly between the two datasets. MtDNA introgression due to ancient hybridization best explained this result. Monophyletic Phrynocephalus contained three main clades: (I) oviparous species from south-western and Middle Asia; (II) viviparous species of Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP); and (III) oviparous species of the Caspian Basin, Middle and Central Asia. Phrynocephalus originated in late Oligocene (26.9 Ma) and modern species diversified during the middle Miocene (14.8–13.5 Ma). The reconstruction of ancestral areas indicated that Phrynocephalus originated in Middle East–southern Middle Asia. Body size miniaturization likely occurred early in the history of Phrynocephalus. The common ancestor of Phrynocephalus probably preferred sandy substrates with the inclusion of clay or gravel. The time of Agaminae radiation and origin of Phrynocephalus in the late Oligocene significantly precedes the landbridge between Afro-Arabia and Eurasia in the Early Miocene. Diversification of Phrynocephalus coincides well with the mid-Miocene climatic transition when a rapid cooling of climate drove progressing aridification and the Paratethys salinity crisis. These factors likely triggered the spreading of desert habitats in Central Eurasia, which Phrynocephalus occupied. The origin of the viviparous Tibetan clade has been associated traditionally with uplifting of the QTP; however, further studies are needed to confirm this. Progressing late Miocene aridification, the decrease of the Paratethys Basin, orogenesis, and Plio–Pleistocene climate oscillations likely promoted further diversification within Phrynocephalus. We discuss Phrynocephalus taxonomy in scope of the new analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Evgeniy A Dunayev
- Zoological Museum, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A Nazarov
- Zoological Museum, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Bannikova
- Biological Faculty, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jing Che
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, and Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Robert W Murphy
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, and Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nikolay A Poyarkov
- Biological Faculty, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Pitteloud C, Arrigo N, Suchan T, Mastretta-Yanes A, Vila R, Dincă V, Hernández-Roldán J, Brockmann E, Chittaro Y, Kleckova I, Fumagalli L, Buerki S, Pellissier L, Alvarez N. Climatic niche evolution is faster in sympatric than allopatric lineages of the butterfly genus Pyrgus. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:rspb.2017.0208. [PMID: 28404781 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how speciation relates to ecological divergence has long fascinated biologists. It is assumed that ecological divergence is essential to sympatric speciation, as a mechanism to avoid competition and eventually lead to reproductive isolation, while divergence in allopatry is not necessarily associated with niche differentiation. The impact of the spatial context of divergence on the evolutionary rates of abiotic dimensions of the ecological niche has rarely been explored for an entire clade. Here, we compare the magnitude of climatic niche shifts between sympatric versus allopatric divergence of lineages in butterflies. By combining next-generation sequencing, parametric biogeography and ecological niche analyses applied to a genus-wide phylogeny of Palaearctic Pyrgus butterflies, we compare evolutionary rates along eight climatic dimensions across sister lineages that diverged in large-scale sympatry versus allopatry. In order to examine the possible effects of the spatial scale at which sympatry is defined, we considered three sets of biogeographic assignments, ranging from narrow to broad definition. Our findings suggest higher rates of niche evolution along all climatic dimensions for sister lineages that diverge in sympatry, when using a narrow delineation of biogeographic areas. This result contrasts with significantly lower rates of climatic niche evolution found in cases of allopatric speciation, despite the biogeographic regions defined here being characterized by significantly different climates. Higher rates in allopatry are retrieved when biogeographic areas are too widely defined-in such a case allopatric events may be recorded as sympatric. Our results reveal the macro-evolutionary significance of abiotic niche differentiation involved in speciation processes within biogeographic regions, and illustrate the importance of the spatial scale chosen to define areas when applying parametric biogeographic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Pitteloud
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland .,Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Nils Arrigo
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz Suchan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicia Mastretta-Yanes
- CONACYT Research Fellow assigned to CONABIO, Comisión Nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la Biodiversidad, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roger Vila
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vlad Dincă
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juan Hernández-Roldán
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Yannick Chittaro
- Centre Suisse de Cartographie de la Faune, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Irena Kleckova
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Fumagalli
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sven Buerki
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Nadir Alvarez
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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12
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Curlis JD, Davis RW, Zetkulic E, Cox CL. Condition dependence of shared traits differs between sympatric Anolis lizards. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2017; 327:110-118. [PMID: 29356407 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In many species, sexually selected combat and display traits can confer dramatic fitness benefits to males by aiding in mate acquisition, so individuals maximally invest energy into their growth and maintenance. Such traits are deemed condition-dependent, as the energy that is available for investment depends on the health and condition of the individual. Condition dependence is present in a wide range of traits across many taxa, but the extent to which condition dependence varies among shared traits in closely related species is poorly understood. We tested for condition dependence in two Anolis lizards, the ground anole (Anolis humilis) and the slender anole (Anolis limifrons). Specifically, we measured dewlap area, jaw length, jaw width, and sprint speed, and then regressed one of two indices of body condition on each of these traits for both species. We found that dewlap area and jaw width exhibited condition dependence in ground anoles, but not in slender anoles. Sprint speed and jaw length were not condition-dependent in either species. The presence of condition dependence in ground anoles, but not slender anoles, implies evolutionary liability in the condition dependence of shared traits. Additionally, the fact that condition dependence was only detected in ground anoles, which have a greater relative dewlap size, suggests a potential role for signal evolution or strength of sexual selection in the evolution of condition dependence. Finally, our research suggests that variation in condition dependence of sexually selected traits could have implications for the evolution of dewlap diversity among Anolis species.
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Affiliation(s)
- John David Curlis
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia
| | | | | | - Christian L Cox
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia
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13
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de la Harpe M, Paris M, Karger DN, Rolland J, Kessler M, Salamin N, Lexer C. Molecular ecology studies of species radiations: current research gaps, opportunities and challenges. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:2608-2622. [PMID: 28316112 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the drivers and limits of species radiations is a crucial goal of evolutionary genetics and molecular ecology, yet research on this topic has been hampered by the notorious difficulty of connecting micro- and macroevolutionary approaches to studying the drivers of diversification. To chart the current research gaps, opportunities and challenges of molecular ecology approaches to studying radiations, we examine the literature in the journal Molecular Ecology and revisit recent high-profile examples of evolutionary genomic research on radiations. We find that available studies of radiations are highly unevenly distributed among taxa, with many ecologically important and species-rich organismal groups remaining severely understudied, including arthropods, plants and fungi. Most studies employed molecular methods suitable over either short or long evolutionary time scales, such as microsatellites or restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) in the former case and conventional amplicon sequencing of organellar DNA in the latter. The potential of molecular ecology studies to address and resolve patterns and processes around the species level in radiating groups of taxa is currently limited primarily by sample size and a dearth of information on radiating nuclear genomes as opposed to organellar ones. Based on our literature survey and personal experience, we suggest possible ways forward in the coming years. We touch on the potential and current limitations of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in studies of radiations. We suggest that WGS and targeted ('capture') resequencing emerge as the methods of choice for scaling up the sampling of populations, species and genomes, including currently understudied organismal groups and the genes or regulatory elements expected to matter most to species radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marylaure de la Harpe
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland.,Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, A-1030, Austria
| | - Margot Paris
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Dirk N Karger
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zürich, CH-8008, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Rolland
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kessler
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zürich, CH-8008, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Salamin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Christian Lexer
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland.,Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, A-1030, Austria
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14
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MacGuigan DJ, Geneva AJ, Glor RE. A genomic assessment of species boundaries and hybridization in a group of highly polymorphic anoles ( distichus species complex). Ecol Evol 2017; 7:3657-3671. [PMID: 28616163 PMCID: PMC5468153 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Delimiting young species is one of the great challenges of systematic biology, particularly when the species in question exhibit little morphological divergence. Anolis distichus, a trunk anole with more than a dozen subspecies that are defined primarily by dewlap color, may actually represent several independent evolutionary lineages. To test this, we utilized amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) genome scans and genetic clustering analyses in conjunction with a coalescent‐based species delimitation method. We examined a geographically widespread set of samples and two heavily sampled hybrid zones. We find that genetic divergence is associated with a major biogeographic barrier, the Hispaniolan paleo‐island boundary, but not with dewlap color. Additionally, we find support for hypotheses regarding colonization of two Hispaniolan satellite islands and the Bahamas from mainland Hispaniola. Our results show that A. distichus is composed of seven distinct evolutionary lineages still experiencing a limited degree of gene flow. We suggest that A. distichus merits taxonomic revision, but that dewlap color cannot be relied upon as the primary diagnostic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J MacGuigan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University New Haven CT USA
| | - Anthony J Geneva
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
| | - Richard E Glor
- Herpetology Division Biodiversity Institute University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
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15
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Manthey JD, Tollis M, Lemmon AR, Moriarty Lemmon E, Boissinot S. Diversification in wild populations of the model organism Anolis carolinensis: A genome-wide phylogeographic investigation. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:8115-8125. [PMID: 27891220 PMCID: PMC5108263 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The green anole (Anolis carolinensis) is a lizard widespread throughout the southeastern United States and is a model organism for the study of reproductive behavior, physiology, neural biology, and genomics. Previous phylogeographic studies of A. carolinensis using mitochondrial DNA and small numbers of nuclear loci identified conflicting and poorly supported relationships among geographically structured clades; these inconsistencies preclude confident use of A. carolinensis evolutionary history in association with morphological, physiological, or reproductive biology studies among sampling localities and necessitate increased effort to resolve evolutionary relationships among natural populations. Here, we used anchored hybrid enrichment of hundreds of genetic markers across the genome of A. carolinensis and identified five strongly supported phylogeographic groups. Using multiple analyses, we produced a fully resolved species tree, investigated relative support for each lineage across all gene trees, and identified mito‐nuclear discordance when comparing our results to previous studies. We found fixed differences in only one clade—southern Florida restricted to the Everglades region—while most polymorphisms were shared between lineages. The southern Florida group likely diverged from other populations during the Pliocene, with all other diversification during the Pleistocene. Multiple lines of support, including phylogenetic relationships, a latitudinal gradient in genetic diversity, and relatively more stable long‐term population sizes in southern phylogeographic groups, indicate that diversification in A. carolinensis occurred northward from southern Florida.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Tollis
- Biodesign Institute Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
| | - Alan R Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
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16
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Ng J, Ossip-Klein AG, Glor RE. Adaptive signal coloration maintained in the face of gene flow in a Hispaniolan Anolis Lizard. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:193. [PMID: 27650469 PMCID: PMC5029017 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of geographic variation can provide insight into the evolutionary processes involved in the early stages of biological diversification. In particular, multiple, replicated cases of geographic trait divergence present a powerful approach to study how patterns of introgression and adaptive divergence can vary with geographic space and time. In this study, we conduct replicated, fine-scaled molecular genetic analyses of striking geographic dewlap color variation of a Hispaniolan Anolis lizard, Anolis distichus, to investigate whether adaptive trait divergence is consistently associated with speciation, whereby genetic divergence is observed with neutral markers, or whether locally adapted traits are maintained in the face of continued gene flow. Results We find instances where shifts in adaptive dewlap coloration across short geographic distances are associated with reproductive isolation as well as maintained in the face of gene flow, suggesting the importance of both processes in maintaining geographic dewlap variation. Conclusion Our study suggests that adaptive dewlap color differences are maintained under strong divergent natural selection, but this divergence does not necessarily lead to anole speciation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0763-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julienne Ng
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | | | - Richard E Glor
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
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17
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Laport RG, Minckley RL, Ramsey J. Ecological distributions, phenological isolation, and genetic structure in sympatric and parapatric populations of the Larrea tridentata polyploid complex. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:1358-1374. [PMID: 27440793 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1600105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Polyploidy is widely recognized as a mechanism of diversification. Contributions of polyploidy to specific pre- and postzygotic barriers-and classifications of polyploid speciation as "ecological" vs. "non-ecological"-are more contentious. Evaluation of these issues requires comprehensive studies that test ecological characteristics of cytotypes as well as the coincidence of genetic structure with cytotype distributions. METHODS We investigated a classical example of autopolyploid speciation, Larrea tridentata, at multiple areas of cytotype co-occurrence. Habitat and phenological differences were compared between diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid populations on the basis of edaphic, community composition, and flowering time surveys. Frequency of hybridization between diploids and tetraploids was investigated using a diploid-specific chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) marker; genetic structure for all cytotypes was assessed using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). KEY RESULTS Across contact zones, we found cytotypes in habitats distinguished by soil and vegetation. We observed modest differences in timing and production of flowers, indicating a degree of assortative mating that was asymmetric between cytotypes. Nonetheless, cpDNA analyses in diploid-tetraploid contact zones suggested that ∼5% of tetraploid plants had hybrid origins involving unilateral sexual polyploidization. Genetic structure of AFLPs largely coincided with cytotype distributions in diploid-tetraploid contact zones. In contrast, there was little structure in areas of contact between tetraploids and hexaploids, suggesting intercytotype gene flow or recurrent hexaploid formation. CONCLUSIONS Diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid cytotypes of L. tridentata are segregated by environmental distributions and flowering phenology in contact zones, with diploid and tetraploid populations having corresponding differences in genetic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Laport
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, School of Biological Sciences, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 USA
| | - Robert L Minckley
- University of Rochester, Department of Biology, River Campus, Rochester, New York 14627 USA
| | - Justin Ramsey
- Black Hills State University, School of Natural Sciences, Spearfish, South Dakota 57799 USA
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18
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Clark DL, Macedonia JM, Gillingham JC, Rowe JW, Kane HJ, Valle CA. Why Does Conspecific Display Recognition Differ Among Species of Galápagos Lava Lizards? A Test Using Lizard Robots. HERPETOLOGICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-15-00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David L. Clark
- Department of Biology, Alma College, Alma, MI 48801, USA
| | | | - James C. Gillingham
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - John W. Rowe
- Department of Biology, Alma College, Alma, MI 48801, USA
| | | | - Carlos A. Valle
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Campus Cumbayá Av. Diego de Robles S/N e Interoceánica, Quito, Ecuador
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19
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Moseley MA, Cox CL, Streicher JW, Roelke CE, Chippindale PT. Phylogeography and lineage-specific patterns of genetic diversity and molecular evolution in a group of North American skinks. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Moseley
- Department of Biology; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX 76010 USA
| | - Christian L. Cox
- Department of Biology; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX 76010 USA
- Department of Biology; The University of Virginia; Charlottesville VA 22903 USA
- Department of Biology; Georgia Southern University; Statesboro GA USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Streicher
- Department of Biology; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX 76010 USA
- Department of Life Sciences; The Natural History Museum; London SW7 5BD UK
| | - Corey E. Roelke
- Department of Biology; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX 76010 USA
| | - Paul T. Chippindale
- Department of Biology; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX 76010 USA
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20
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Phillips JG, Deitloff J, Guyer C, Huetteman S, Nicholson KE. Biogeography and evolution of a widespread Central American lizard species complex: Norops humilis, (Squamata: Dactyloidae). BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:143. [PMID: 26187158 PMCID: PMC4506609 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caribbean anole lizards (Dactyloidae) have frequently been used as models to study questions regarding biogeography and adaptive radiations, but the evolutionary history of Central American anoles (particularly those of the genus Norops) has not been well studied. Previous work has hypothesized a north-to-south dispersal pattern of Central American Norops, but no studies have examined dispersal within any Norops lineages. Here we test two major hypotheses for the dispersal of the N. humilis/quaggulus complex (defined herein, forming a subset within Savage and Guyer’s N. humilis group). Results Specimens of the N. humilis group were collected in Central America, from eastern Mexico to the Canal Zone of Panama. Major nodes were dated for comparison to the geologic history of Central America, and ancestral ranges were estimated for the N. humilis/quaggulus complex to test hypothesized dispersal patterns. These lineages displayed a northward dispersal pattern. We also demonstrate that the N. humilis/quaggulus complex consists of a series of highly differentiated mitochondrial lineages, with more conserved nuclear evolution. The paraphyly of the N. humilis species group is confirmed. A spatial analysis of molecular variance suggests that current populations are genetically distinct from one another, with limited mitochondrial gene flow occurring among sites. Conclusions The observed south-to-north colonization route within the Norops humilis/quaggulus complex represents the first evidence of a Norops lineage colonizing in a south-to-north pattern, (opposite to the previously held hypothesis for mainland Norops). One previously described taxon (N. quaggulus) was nested within N. humilis, demonstrating the paraphyly of this species; while our analyses also reject the monophyly of the Norops humilis species group (sensu Savage and Guyer), with N. tropidonotus, N. uniformis, and N. marsupialis being distantly related to/highly divergent from the N. humilis/quaggulus complex. Our work sheds light on mainland anole biogeography and past dispersal events, providing a pattern to test against other groups of mainland anoles. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0391-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Phillips
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA. .,Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA.
| | - Jennifer Deitloff
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.,Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, PA, 17745, USA
| | - Craig Guyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Sara Huetteman
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Kirsten E Nicholson
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
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21
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Macedonia JM, Clark DL, Cherry LE, Mohamed NE, Bartel BW. Comparison of Headbob Displays in Gray-Dewlapped and Red-Dewlapped Populations of Green Anoles (Anolis carolinensis). HERPETOLOGICA 2015. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-14-00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Geneva AJ, Hilton J, Noll S, Glor RE. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses of Hispaniolan and Bahamian trunk anoles (distichus species group). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 87:105-17. [PMID: 25772800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The distichus species group includes six species and 21 subspecies of trunk ecomorph anoles distributed across Hispaniola and its satellite islands as well as the northern Bahamas. Although this group has long served as a model system for studies of reproductive character displacement, adaptation, behavior and speciation, it has never been the subject of a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis. Our goal here is to generate a multilocus phylogenetic dataset (one mitochondrial and seven nuclear loci) and to use this dataset to infer phylogenetic relationships among the majority of the taxa assigned to the distichus species group. We use these phylogenetic trees to address three topics about the group's evolution. First, we consider longstanding taxonomic controversies about the status of several species and subspecies assigned to the distichus species group. Second, we investigate the biogeographic history of the group and specifically test the hypotheses that historical division of Hispaniola into two paleo-islands contributed to the group's diversification and that Bahamian and Hispaniolan satellite island populations are derived from colonists from the main Hispaniolan landmass. Finally, third, we use comparative phylogenetic analyses to test the hypothesis that divergence between pale yellow and darkly pigmented orange or red dewlap coloration has occurred repeatedly across the distichus species group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Geneva
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States.
| | - Jared Hilton
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States.
| | - Sabina Noll
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States.
| | - Richard E Glor
- Herpetology Division, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States.
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23
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Dong F, Zou FS, Lei FM, Liang W, Li SH, Yang XJ. Testing hypotheses of mitochondrial gene-tree paraphyly: unravelling mitochondrial capture of the Streak-breasted Scimitar Babbler (Pomatorhinus ruficollis) by the Taiwan Scimitar Babbler (Pomatorhinus musicus). Mol Ecol 2014; 23:5855-67. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution; Kunming Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650223 China
| | - Fa-Sheng Zou
- South China Institute of Endangered Animals; Guangzhou 510260 China
| | - Fu-Min Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
| | - Wei Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Tropical Plant and Animal Ecology; College of Life Sciences; Hainan Normal University; Haikou 571158 China
| | - Shou-Hsien Li
- Department of Life Science; National Taiwan Normal University; Taipei 116 Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution; Kunming Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650223 China
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24
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Prates I, Rodrigues MT, Melo-Sampaio PR, Carnaval AC. Phylogenetic relationships of Amazonian anole lizards (Dactyloa): taxonomic implications, new insights about phenotypic evolution and the timing of diversification. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 82 Pt A:258-68. [PMID: 25451806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ecology and evolution of Caribbean anoles are well described, yet little is known about mainland anole species. Lack of phylogenetic information limits our knowledge about species boundaries, morphological evolution, and the biogeography of anoles in South America. To help fill this gap, we provide an updated molecular phylogeny of the Dactyloa (Dactyloidae), with emphasis on the punctata species group. By sampling understudied Amazonian taxa, we (i) assess the phylogenetic placement of the 'odd anole', D. dissimilis; (ii) infer the relationships of the proboscis-bearing D. phyllorhina, testing the hypothesis of independent nasal appendage evolution within the anole radiation; and (iii) examine genetic and dewlap color variation in D. punctata and D. philopunctata. Combining multiple nuclear loci with a review of the fossil record, we also (iv) estimate divergence times within the pleurodont iguanian clade of lizards, including Amazonian representatives of Dactyloa and Norops (Dactyloidae) and of Polychrus (Polychrotidae). We recover the five Dactyloa clades previously referred to as the aequatorialis, heteroderma, latifrons, punctata and roquet species groups, as well as a sixth clade composed of D. dissimilis and the non-Amazonian D. neblinina and D. calimae. We find D. phyllorhina to be nested within the punctata group, suggesting independent evolution of the anole proboscis. We consistently recover D. philopunctata nested within D. punctata, and report limited genetic divergence between distinct dewlap phenotypes. The most recent common ancestor of Dactyloa, Anolis and Norops dates back to the Eocene. Most Amazonian taxa within both Dactyloa and Norops diverged in the Miocene, but some diversification events were as old as the late Eocene and late Oligocene. Amazonian Polychrus diverged in the Pliocene. Our findings have broad implications for anole biogeography, disputing recent suggestions that modern dactyloid genera were present in the Caribbean region during the Cretaceous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Prates
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Roberto Melo-Sampaio
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais and Laboratório de Herpetologia, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil; União Educacional do Norte, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Carnaval
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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25
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Colosimo G, Knapp CR, Wallace LE, Welch ME. Inferred vs realized patterns of gene flow: an analysis of population structure in the Andros Island Rock Iguana. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106963. [PMID: 25229344 PMCID: PMC4167547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological data, the primary source of information on patterns and rates of migration, can be integrated with genetic data to more accurately describe the realized connectivity between geographically isolated demes. In this paper we implement this approach and discuss its implications for managing populations of the endangered Andros Island Rock Iguana, Cyclura cychlura cychlura. This iguana is endemic to Andros, a highly fragmented landmass of large islands and smaller cays. Field observations suggest that geographically isolated demes were panmictic due to high, inferred rates of gene flow. We expand on these observations using 16 polymorphic microsatellites to investigate the genetic structure and rates of gene flow from 188 Andros Iguanas collected across 23 island sites. Bayesian clustering of specimens assigned individuals to three distinct genotypic clusters. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicates that allele frequency differences are responsible for a significant portion of the genetic variance across the three defined clusters (Fst = 0.117, p0.01). These clusters are associated with larger islands and satellite cays isolated by broad water channels with strong currents. These findings imply that broad water channels present greater obstacles to gene flow than was inferred from field observation alone. Additionally, rates of gene flow were indirectly estimated using BAYESASS 3.0. The proportion of individuals originating from within each identified cluster varied from 94.5 to 98.7%, providing further support for local isolation. Our assessment reveals a major disparity between inferred and realized gene flow. We discuss our results in a conservation perspective for species inhabiting highly fragmented landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Colosimo
- Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Charles R. Knapp
- Daniel P. Haerter Center for Conservation and Research, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lisa E. Wallace
- Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Welch
- Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, United States of America
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26
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Wang W, Dai C, Alström P, Zhang C, Qu Y, Li SH, Yang X, Zhao N, Song G, Lei F. Past hybridization between two East Asian long-tailed tits (Aegithalos bonvaloti and A. fuliginosus). Front Zool 2014; 11:40. [PMID: 24883074 PMCID: PMC4040119 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-11-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization are two major nonexclusive causes of haplotype sharing between species. Distinguishing between these two processes is notoriously difficult as they can generate similar genetic signatures. Previous studies revealed that the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) differentiation between two East Asian long-tailed tits (Aegithalos bonvaloti and A. fuliginosus) was extremely low, even lower than intraspecific differentiation in some other long-tailed tits. Using a combination of multilocus and coalescent analyses, we explored the causes of the anomalous lack of mtDNA differentiation between the two species. Results The mtDNA divergence between the two species was shallow, while the nuclear DNA (nuDNA) divergence was considerably deeper. The IMa analyses based on the mtDNA dataset suggested relatively high gene flow from A. fuliginosus to A. bonvaloti, while negligible gene flow in the opposite direction. In contrast to mtDNA, the migration rates at autosomal and Z-linked nuDNA loci were negligible or much lower. The NEWHYBRIDS analysis assigned all individuals except one to pure parental species with high posterior probability. The Bayesian skyline plot showed that both species underwent population expansions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and the ecological niche modelling suggested that their ranges overlapped more during the LGM than at present. Conclusions We suggest that historical hybridization, in combination with selective sweep and/or genetic drift might be the main causes of the extremely low mtDNA differentiation between the two species. The hybridization probably occurred mainly between A. fuliginosus females and A. bonvaloti males. The LGM distribution expansion might have facilitated hybridization, while the post-LGM distribution contraction could have facilitated some mtDNA sorting. Ongoing hybridization between the two species might be very limited, but further studies with more samples from the contact zone are needed to test this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, 100101 Beijing, China ; Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, China
| | - Chuanyin Dai
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal College, 550001 Guiyang, China
| | - Per Alström
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, 100101 Beijing, China ; Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chunlan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Qu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Hsien Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223 Kunming, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430079 Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Fumin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, 100101 Beijing, China
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Nespolo RF, Bartheld JL, González A, Bruning A, Roff DA, Bacigalupe LD, Gaitán‐Espitia JD. The quantitative genetics of physiological and morphological traits in an invasive terrestrial snail: additive vs. non‐additive genetic variation. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto F. Nespolo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - José L. Bartheld
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Avia González
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Andrea Bruning
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Derek A. Roff
- Department of Biology University of California Riverside CaliforniaUSA
| | - Leonardo D. Bacigalupe
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Juan D. Gaitán‐Espitia
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
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28
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Ng J, Kelly AL, MacGuigan DJ, Glor RE. The role of heritable and dietary factors in the sexual signal of a Hispaniolan Anolis lizard, Anolis distichus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 104:862-73. [PMID: 24078680 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/est060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of sexual signals is astounding, and divergence in these traits is believed to be associated with the early stages of speciation. An increasing number of studies also suggest a role for natural selection in driving signal divergence for effective transmission in heterogeneous environments. Both speciation and adaptive divergence, however, are contingent on the sexual signal being heritable, yet this often remains assumed and untested. It is particularly critical that the heritability of carotenoid-based sexual signals is investigated because such traits may instead be phenotypically plastic indicators of an individual's quality that exhibit no or little heritable variation. We present the first study to investigate the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the striking diversity of dewlap color and pattern in Anolis lizards. Using a breeding experiment with Anolis distichus populations exhibiting different dewlap phenotypes, we raise F1 offspring in a common garden experiment to assess whether dewlap color is inherited. We follow this with carotenoid supplementation to investigate the influence of dietary pigments to dewlap color variation. We find significant differences in several aspects of dewlap color and pattern to persist to the F1 generation (fathers: N = 19; F1 males: N = 50; P < 0.01) with no change in dewlap phenotype with carotenoid supplementation (N = 52; P > 0.05). These results strongly support that genetic differences underlie dewlap color variation, thereby satisfying a key requirement of natural selection. Our findings provide an important stepping-stone to understanding the evolution of an incredibly diverse signal important for sexual selection and species recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julienne Ng
- the Department of Biology, University of Rochester, RC Box 270211, Rochester, NY 14627. Richard Glor is now at the Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
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29
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Alfonso YU, Morris HJ, Gutiérrez A, Rodríguez-Schettino L, Denis D, Steffen JE. Dewlap Color Variation Based on Pterin and Carotenoid Pigments in Three Subspecies of Anolis jubar of the Cuban Southern Coast. COPEIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1643/cp-12-071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Macedonia JM, Clark DL, Riley RG, Kemp DJ. Species recognition of color and motion signals in Anolis grahami: evidence from responses to lizard robots. Behav Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/art027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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Muñoz MM, Crawford NG, McGreevy TJ, Messana NJ, Tarvin RD, Revell LJ, Zandvliet RM, Hopwood JM, Mock E, Schneider AL, Schneider CJ. Divergence in coloration and ecological speciation in theAnolis marmoratusspecies complex. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:2668-82. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martha M. Muñoz
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; 26 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Department of Biology; Boston University; 5 Cummington Mall Boston MA 02215 USA
| | | | - Thomas J. McGreevy
- Department of Biology; Boston University; 5 Cummington Mall Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Nicholas J. Messana
- Department of Biology; Boston University; 5 Cummington Mall Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Rebecca D. Tarvin
- Department of Biology; Boston University; 5 Cummington Mall Boston MA 02215 USA
- Section of Integrative Biology; University of Texas at Austin; 1 University Station C0900 Austin TX 78705 USA
| | - Liam J. Revell
- Department of Biology; Boston University; 5 Cummington Mall Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Biology; University of Massachusetts Boston; Boston MA 02125 USA
| | | | - Juanita M. Hopwood
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; 26 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Elbert Mock
- Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; University of the Pacific; 3601 Pacific Avenue Stockton CA 95211 USA
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32
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Lambert SM, Geneva AJ, Luke Mahler D, Glor RE. Using genomic data to revisit an early example of reproductive character displacement in HaitianAnolislizards. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:3981-95. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shea M. Lambert
- University of Arizona; Tucson AZ 85721 USA
- University of Rochester; Rochester NY 14627 USA
| | | | - D. Luke Mahler
- Center for Population Biology; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
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33
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Wang IJ, Glor RE, Losos JB. Quantifying the roles of ecology and geography in spatial genetic divergence. Ecol Lett 2012; 16:175-82. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Wang
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; Cambridge; MA; 02138; USA
| | - Richard E. Glor
- Department of Biology; University of Rochester; Rochester; NY; 14627; USA
| | - Jonathan B. Losos
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; Cambridge; MA; 02138; USA
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Ng J, Landeen EL, Logsdon RM, Glor RE. Correlation between Anolis lizard dewlap phenotype and environmental variation indicates adaptive divergence of a signal important to sexual selection and species recognition. Evolution 2012; 67:573-82. [PMID: 23356628 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01795.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although the importance of signals involved in species recognition and sexual selection to speciation is widely recognized, the processes that underlie signal divergence are still a matter of debate. Several possible processes have been hypothesized, including genetic drift, arbitrary sexual selection, and adaptation to local signaling environments. We use comparative analyses to investigate whether the remarkable geographic variation of dewlap phenotype in a Hispaniolan trunk Anolis lizard (A. distichus) is a result of adaptive signal divergence to heterogeneous environments. We recover a repeated pattern of divergence in A. distichus dewlap color, pattern, and size with environmental variation across Hispaniola. These results are aligned with ecological models of signal divergence and provide strong evidence for dewlap adaptation to local signaling environments. We also find that A. distichus dewlaps vary with the environment in a different manner to other previously studied anoles, thus expanding upon previous predictions on the direction dewlaps will diverge in perceptual color space in response to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julienne Ng
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P L Toews
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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36
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Synergy between Allopatry and Ecology in Population Differentiation and Speciation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/273413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The general diversity pattern of the Caribbean anole radiation has been described in detail; however, the actual mechanisms at the origin of their diversification remain controversial. In particular, the role of ecological speciation, and the relative importance of divergence in allopatry and in parapatry, is debated. We describe the genetic structure of anole populations across lineage contact zones and ecotones to investigate the effect of allopatric divergence, natural selection, and the combination of both factors on population differentiation. Allopatric divergence had no significant impact on differentiation across the lineage boundary, while a clear bimodality in genetic and morphological characters was observed across an ecotone within a single lineage. Critically, the strongest differentiation was observed when allopatry and ecology act together, leading to a sharp reduction in gene flow between two lineages inhabiting different habitats. We suggest that, for Caribbean anoles to reach full speciation, a synergistic combination of several historical and ecological factors may be requisite.
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