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Huang H, Wang Y, Zeng J, Ma Y, Cui Z, Zhou Y, Ruan Z. Study on in vivoand in vitrodegradation of polydioxanone weaving tracheal stents. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:055032. [PMID: 39094619 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad6ac6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The appropriate degradation characteristics of polydioxanone (PDO) are necessary for the safety and effectiveness of stents. This study aimed to investigate the degradation of PDO weaving tracheal stents (PW stents)in vitroandin vivo. The degradation solution ofS. aureus(SAU),E. coli(ECO),P. aeruginosa(PAE), and control (N) were prepared, and the PW stents were immersed for 12 weeks. Then, the radial support force, weight retention, pH, molecular structure, thermal performance, and morphology were determined. Furthermore, the PW stents were implanted into the abdominal cavity of rabbits, and omentum was embedded. At feeding for 16 weeks, the mechanical properties, and morphology were measured. During the first 8 weeks, the radial support force in all groups was progressively decreased. At week 2, the decline rate of radial support force in the experimental groups was significantly faster compared to the N group, and the difference was narrowed thereafter. The infrared spectrum showed that during the whole degradation process, SAU, ECO and PAE solution did not lead to the formation of new functional groups in PW stents.In vitroscanning electron microscope observation showed that SAU and ECO were more likely to gather and multiply at the weaving points of the PW stents, forming colonies.In vivoexperiments showed that the degradation in the concavity of weaving points of PW stents was more rapid and severe. The radial support loss rate reached more than 70% at week 4, and the radial support force was no longer measurable after week 8. In omentum, multinuclear giant cells and foreign giant cells were found to infiltrate. PW stents have good biocompatibility. The degradation rate of PW stents in the aseptic conditionsin vivowas faster than in the bacteriological environmentin vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, People's Republic of China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zeng
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxue Ma
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Zelin Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxin Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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Sinha AK, Laursen MF, Licht TR. Regulation of microbial gene expression: the key to understanding our gut microbiome. Trends Microbiol 2024:S0966-842X(24)00175-6. [PMID: 39095208 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
During the past two decades, gut microbiome studies have established the significant impact of the gut microbiota and its metabolites on host health. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the production of microbial metabolites in the gut environment remain insufficiently investigated and thus are poorly understood. Here, we propose that an enhanced understanding of gut microbial gene regulation, which is responsive to dietary components and gut environmental conditions, is needed in the research field and essential for our ability to effectively promote host health and prevent diseases through interventions targeting the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Kumar Sinha
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Todorov SD, Lima JMS, Bucheli JEV, Popov IV, Tiwari SK, Chikindas ML. Probiotics for Aquaculture: Hope, Truth, and Reality. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10290-8. [PMID: 38801620 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The use of microorganisms as beneficial crops for human and animal health has been studied for decades, and these microorganisms have been in practical use for quite some time. Nowadays, in addition to well-known examples of beneficial properties of lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, selected Bacillus spp., and yeasts, there are several other bacteria considered next-generation probiotics that have been proposed to improve host health. Aquaculture is a rapidly growing area that provides sustainable proteins for consumption by humans and other animals. Thus, there is a need to develop new technologies for the production practices associated with cleaner and environment-friendly approaches. It is a well-known fact that proper selection of the optimal probiotics for use in aquaculture is an essential step to ensure effectiveness and safety. In this critical review, we discuss the evaluation of host-specific probiotics in aquaculture, challenges in using probiotics in aquaculture, methods to improve the survival of probiotics under different environmental conditions, technological approach to improving storage, and delivery along with possible negative consequences of using probiotics in aquaculture. A critical analysis of the identified challenges for the use of beneficial microbes in aquaculture will help in sustainable aquafarming, leading to improved agricultural practices with a clear aim to increase protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
- ProBacLab, Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil.
- CISAS-Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo, 4900-347, Viana Do Castelo, Portugal.
| | - Joao Marcos Scafuro Lima
- ProBacLab, Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Enrique Vazquez Bucheli
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Bioestadistica y Genetica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Igor Vitalievich Popov
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Gagarina Sq., 1, Rostov-On-Don 344002, Rostov, Russia
- Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius 354340, Krasnodar Region, Russia
| | - Santosh Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Michael Leonidas Chikindas
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Gagarina Sq., 1, Rostov-On-Don 344002, Rostov, Russia
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, the State University of New Jersey, RutgersNew Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119435, Russia
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Dela Torre GLT, Villanueva SYAM. Initial culture media pH influences the antibacterial activity and metabolic footprint of Lactobacillus acidophilus BIOTECH 1900. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:535-544. [PMID: 37671992 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2253461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of initial culture media pH on the antibacterial properties and metabolic profile of cell-free supernatants (CFSs) from Lactobacillus acidophilus BIOTECH 1900 (LAB1900). The CFSs harvested from LAB1900 grown in de Man, Rogosa, Sharpe broth with initial pH of 5.5 (CFS5.5) and 6.6 (CFS6.6) were tested. The two CFSs elicited varying degrees of activity against three gram-negative bacteria. In the agar-well diffusion against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, CFS5.5 and CFS6.6 recorded 14.36 ± 1.34 and 13.06 ± 1.29 mm inhibition, respectively. Interestingly, against Klebsiella pneumoniae, CFS5.5 showed 14.36 ± 1.56 mm inhibition which was significantly higher than the 12.22 ± 1.31 mm inhibition of CFS6.6 (p = 0.0464). While against Acinetobacter baumannii, significantly higher inhibition of 10.66 ± 0.51 mm was observed in CFS6.6 compared to the 7.58 ± 1.93 mm inhibition of CFS5.5 (p = 0.0087). Nonetheless, both CFSs were bactericidal, with a minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration range of 3.90625-7.8125 mg/mL. The varied antibacterial activities may be attributed to the metabolite compositions of CFSs. A total of 152 metabolites driving the separation between CFSs were noted, with the majority upregulated in CFS5.5. Furthermore, 15 were putatively identified belonging to acylcarnities, vitamins, gibberellins, glycerophospholipids, and peptides. In summary, initial culture media pH affects the production of microbial metabolites with antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwin Louis T Dela Torre
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
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Assig K, Lichtenegger S, Bui LNH, Mosbacher B, Vu ATN, Erhart D, Trinh TT, Steinmetz I. Rational design of an acidic erythritol (ACER) medium for the enhanced isolation of the environmental pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei from soil samples. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1213818. [PMID: 37469425 PMCID: PMC10353019 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1213818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The soil bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a potentially fatal and greatly underdiagnosed tropical disease. Detection of B. pseudomallei in the environment is important to trace the source of infections, define risk areas for melioidosis and increase the clinical awareness. Although B. pseudomallei polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based environmental detection provides important information, the culture of the pathogen remains essential but is still a methodological challenge. B. pseudomallei can catabolize erythritol, a metabolic pathway, which is otherwise rarely encountered among bacteria. We recently demonstrated that replacing threonine with erythritol as a single carbon source in the pH-neutral threonine-basal salt solution (TBSS-C50) historically used improved the isolation of B. pseudomallei from rice paddy soils. However, further culture medium parameters for an optimized recovery of B. pseudomallei strains from soils are still ill-defined. We, therefore, aimed to design a new erythritol-based medium by systematically optimizing parameters such as pH, buffer capacity, salt and nutrient composition. A key finding of our study is the enhanced erythritol-based growth of B. pseudomallei under acidic medium conditions. Our experiments with B. pseudomallei strains from different geographical origin led to the development of a phosphate-buffered acidic erythritol (ACER) medium with a pH of 6.3, higher erythritol concentration of 1.2%, supplemented vitamins and nitrate. This highly selective medium composition shortened the lag phase of B. pseudomallei cultures and greatly increased growth densities compared to TBSS-C50 and TBSS-C50-based erythritol medium. The ACER medium led to the highest enrichments of B. pseudomallei as determined from culture supernatants by quantitative PCR in a comparative validation with soil samples from the central part of Vietnam. Consequently, the median recovery of B. pseudomallei colony forming units on Ashdown's agar from ACER subcultures was 5.4 times higher compared to TBSS-C50-based erythritol medium (p = 0.005) and 30.7 times higher than TBSS-C50 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, our newly developed ACER medium significantly improves the isolation of viable B. pseudomallei from soils and, thereby, has the potential to reduce the rate of false-negative environmental cultures in melioidosis risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Assig
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Lichtenegger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Linh N. H. Bui
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bettina Mosbacher
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anh T. N. Vu
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Daniel Erhart
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Trung T. Trinh
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ivo Steinmetz
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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Huang Y, Li L, Yin X, Zhang T. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) biodegradation capacity revealed by a genome-function relationship approach. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2023; 18:39. [PMID: 37122013 PMCID: PMC10150532 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination has been a worldwide environmental issue because of its impact on ecosystems and human health. Biodegradation plays an important role in PAH removal in natural environments. To date, many PAH-degrading strains and degradation genes have been reported. However, a comprehensive PAH-degrading gene database is still lacking, hindering a deep understanding of PAH degraders in the era of big data. Furthermore, the relationships between the PAH-catabolic genotype and phenotype remain unclear. RESULTS Here, we established a bacterial PAH-degrading gene database and explored PAH biodegradation capability via a genome-function relationship approach. The investigation of functional genes in the experimentally verified PAH degraders indicated that genes encoding hydratase-aldolase could serve as a biomarker for preliminarily identifying potential degraders. Additionally, a genome-centric interpretation of PAH-degrading genes was performed in the public genome database, demonstrating that they were ubiquitous in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Meanwhile, the global phylogenetic distribution was generally consistent with the culture-based evidence. Notably, a few strains affiliated with the genera without any previously known PAH degraders (Hyphomonas, Hoeflea, Henriciella, Saccharomonospora, Sciscionella, Tepidiphilus, and Xenophilus) also bore a complete PAH-catabolic gene cluster, implying their potential of PAH biodegradation. Moreover, a random forest analysis was applied to predict the PAH-degrading trait in the complete genome database, revealing 28 newly predicted PAH degraders, of which nine strains encoded a complete PAH-catabolic pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results established a comprehensive PAH-degrading gene database and a genome-function relationship approach, which revealed several potential novel PAH-degrader lineages. Importantly, this genome-centric and function-oriented approach can overcome the bottleneck of conventional cultivation-based biodegradation research and substantially expand our current knowledge on the potential degraders of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liguan Li
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaole Yin
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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Crivello G, Fracchia L, Ciardelli G, Boffito M, Mattu C. In Vitro Models of Bacterial Biofilms: Innovative Tools to Improve Understanding and Treatment of Infections. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13050904. [PMID: 36903781 PMCID: PMC10004855 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a growing concern to the health care systems. Bacteria in the human body are often found embedded in a dense 3D structure, the biofilm, which makes their eradication even more challenging. Indeed, bacteria in biofilm are protected from external hazards and are more prone to develop antibiotic resistance. Moreover, biofilms are highly heterogeneous, with properties dependent on the bacteria species, the anatomic localization, and the nutrient/flow conditions. Therefore, antibiotic screening and testing would strongly benefit from reliable in vitro models of bacterial biofilms. This review article summarizes the main features of biofilms, with particular focus on parameters affecting biofilm composition and mechanical properties. Moreover, a thorough overview of the in vitro biofilm models recently developed is presented, focusing on both traditional and advanced approaches. Static, dynamic, and microcosm models are described, and their main features, advantages, and disadvantages are compared and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Crivello
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - L. Fracchia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - G. Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - M. Boffito
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - C. Mattu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
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Ryu DK, Adhikari M, Choi DH, Jun KJ, Kim DH, Kim CR, Kang MK, Park DH. Copper-Based Compounds against Erwinia amylovora: Response Parameter Analysis and Suppression of Fire Blight in Apple. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 39:52-61. [PMID: 36760049 PMCID: PMC9929174 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.07.2022.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is one of the major bacterial disease of apple and pear, causing enormous economic losses worldwide. Several control measures against E. amylovora have been reported till date, however, none of them have proved to be effective significantly against the pathogen. In this study, mechanisms of the copper-based control agents (CBCAs): copper oxychloride (COCHL), copper oxide (COX), copper hydroxide (CHY), copper sulfate basic (CSB), and tribasic copper sulfate (TCS) and their disease severity reduction efficacy against E. amylovora were analyzed. Bis-1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid trimethine oxonol, carboxyl fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester, and 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride staining were used to check the damage of membrane potential, cytoplasmic pHin, and respiration of CBCAs-treated E. amylovora, respectively. High disturbance in the membrane potential of E. amylovora was found under COX and COCHL treatments. Similarly, higher significant changes in the inner cytoplasmic pHin were observed under COX, COCHL, and TCS treatment. CHY and COCHL-treated E. amylovora showed a significant reduction in respiration. In vitro bioassay results revealed that CHY, CSB, and TCS at 2,000 ppm reduced the severity of fire blight both in pre- and post-treatment of CBCAs in immature apple fruits and seedlings. Overall, the most effective CBCAs against E. amylovora could be CHY at 2,000 ppm as its showed inhibition mechanisms and disease severity reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duck Kyu Ryu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Mahesh Adhikari
- Applied Biology Program, Division of Bioresource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Dong Hyuk Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Jun
- Crop Protection R&D Center, Farmhannong Ltd., Nonsan 33010,
Korea
| | - Do Hyoung Kim
- Crop Protection R&D Center, Farmhannong Ltd., Nonsan 33010,
Korea
| | - Chae Ryeong Kim
- Crop Protection R&D Center, Farmhannong Ltd., Nonsan 33010,
Korea
| | - Min Kyu Kang
- Crop Protection R&D Center, Farmhannong Ltd., Nonsan 33010,
Korea
| | - Duck Hwan Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
- Applied Biology Program, Division of Bioresource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
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Galactitol Transport Factor GatA Relieves ATP Supply Restriction to Enhance Acid Tolerance of Escherichia coli in the Two-Stage Fermentation Production of D-Lactate. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a major contributor to the industrial production of organic acids, but its production capacity and cost are limited by its acid sensitivity. Enhancing acid resistance in E. coli is essential for improving cell performance and production value. Here, we propose a feasible strategy for improving cellular acid tolerance by reducing ATP supply restriction. Transcriptome assays of acid-tolerant evolved strains revealed that the galactitol phosphotransferase system transporter protein GatA is an acid-tolerance factor that assists E. coli in improving its resistance to a variety of organic acids. Enhanced GatA expression increased cell survival under conditions of lethal stress due to D-lactic acid, itaconic acid and succinic acid by 101.8-fold, 29.4-fold and 41.6-fold, respectively. In addition, fermentation patterns for aerobic growth and oxygen-limited production of D-lactic acid were identified, and suitable transition and induction stages were evaluated. GatA effectively compensated for the lack of cellular energy during oxygen limitation and enabled the D-lactic acid producing strain to exhibit more sustainable productivity in acidic fermentation environments with a 55.7% increase in D-lactic acid titer from 9.5 g·L−1 to 14.8 g·L−1 and reduced generation of by-product. Thus, this study developed a method to improve the acid resistance of E. coli cells by compensating for the energy gap without affecting normal cell metabolism while reducing the cost of organic acid production.
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Hartmann FSF, Udugama IA, Seibold GM, Sugiyama H, Gernaey KV. Digital models in biotechnology: Towards multi-scale integration and implementation. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108015. [PMID: 35781047 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Industrial biotechnology encompasses a large area of multi-scale and multi-disciplinary research activities. With the recent megatrend of digitalization sweeping across all industries, there is an increased focus in the biotechnology industry on developing, integrating and applying digital models to improve all aspects of industrial biotechnology. Given the rapid development of this field, we systematically classify the state-of-art modelling concepts applied at different scales in industrial biotechnology and critically discuss their current usage, advantages and limitations. Further, we critically analyzed current strategies to couple cell models with computational fluid dynamics to study the performance of industrial microorganisms in large-scale bioprocesses, which is of crucial importance for the bio-based production industries. One of the most challenging aspects in this context is gathering intracellular data under industrially relevant conditions. Towards comprehensive models, we discuss how different scale-down concepts combined with appropriate analytical tools can capture intracellular states of single cells. We finally illustrated how the efforts could be used to develop digitals models suitable for both cell factory design and process optimization at industrial scales in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian S F Hartmann
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 223, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Isuru A Udugama
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 228 A, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Gerd M Seibold
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 223, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hirokazu Sugiyama
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Krist V Gernaey
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 228 A, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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11
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Transcriptomic profiling of Escherichia coli K-12 in response to a compendium of stressors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8788. [PMID: 35610252 PMCID: PMC9130244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental perturbations impact multiple cellular traits, including gene expression. Bacteria respond to these stressful situations through complex gene interaction networks, thereby inducing stress tolerance and survival of cells. In this paper, we study the response mechanisms of E. coli when exposed to different environmental stressors via differential expression and co-expression analysis. Gene co-expression networks were generated and analyzed via Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). Based on the gene co-expression networks, genes with similar expression profiles were clustered into modules. The modules were analysed for identification of hub genes, enrichment of biological processes and transcription factors. In addition, we also studied the link between transcription factors and their differentially regulated targets to understand the regulatory mechanisms involved. These networks validate known gene interactions and provide new insights into genes mediating transcriptional regulation in specific stress environments, thus allowing for in silico hypothesis generation.
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12
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Schwarze J, Koc J, Koschitzki F, Gardner H, Hunsucker KZ, Swain GW, Rosenhahn A. Reduction of biofilm accumulation by constant and alternating potentials in static and dynamic field experiments. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:119-130. [PMID: 35240893 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2027923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The application of electric fields to conductive coatings is an environmentally friendly way to reduce biofilm formation. In particular alternating potentials (APs) have received increasing attention in recent studies. Here, an electrochemical rotating disk setup for dynamic field exposure experiments was developed to study how APs alter the attachment of fouling organisms in a multispecies ocean environment. A specific focus of the device design was proper integration of the potentiostat in the strongly corroding saltwater environment. The effect of APs on the accumulation of fouling organisms in short term field exposures was studied. Potentials on conductive gold surfaces were periodically switched between -0.3 V and 0.3 V or between -0.8 V and 0.6 V at a frequency of 0.5 Hz. APs were capable of significantly reducing the attachment of marine fouling organisms compared with the conductive samples immersed at open circuit potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schwarze
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Koc
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Florian Koschitzki
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Harrison Gardner
- Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Kelli Z Hunsucker
- Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Swain
- Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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13
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Kuhan Sreedharan D, Abbasiliasi S, Mohamed MS, Ng ZJ, Ariff AB, Lee CK, Tan JS. Fermentation strategies for improving the production of bacteriocin‐like inhibitory substances by
Lactobacillus brevis
C23 with nutrient supplementation, pH, and temperature variations. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahar Abbasiliasi
- Halal Products Research Institute Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shamzi Mohamed
- Department of Bioprocess Technology Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Complex Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
| | - Zhang Jin Ng
- School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Gelugor Malaysia
| | - Arbakariya Bin Ariff
- Department of Bioprocess Technology Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Complex Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
| | - Chee Keong Lee
- School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Gelugor Malaysia
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Gelugor Malaysia
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14
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Cicconetti F, Sestili P, Madiai V, Albertini MC, Campanella L, Coppari S, Fraternale D, Saunders B, Teodori L. Extracellular pH, osmolarity, temperature and humidity could discourage SARS-CoV-2 cell docking and propagation via intercellular signaling pathways. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12227. [PMID: 34721966 PMCID: PMC8515994 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its virus variants continue to pose a serious and long-lasting threat worldwide. To combat the pandemic, the world's largest COVID-19 vaccination campaign is currently ongoing. As of July 19th 2021, 26.2% of the world population has received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine (1.04 billion), and one billion has been fully vaccinated, with very high vaccination rates in countries like Israel, Malta, and the UEA. Conversely, only 1% of people in low-income countries have received at least one dose with examples of vaccination frequency as low as 0.07% in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is thus of paramount importance that more research on alternate methods to counter cell infection and propagation is undertaken that could be implemented in low-income countries. Moreover, an adjunctive therapeutic intervention would help to avoid disease exacerbation in high-rate vaccinated countries too. Based on experimental biochemical evidence on viral cell fusion and propagation, herein we identify (i) extracellular pH (epH), (ii) temperature, and (iii) humidity and osmolarity as critical factors. These factors are here in discussed along with their implications on mucus thick layer, proteases, abundance of sialic acid, vascular permeability and exudate/edema. Heated, humidified air containing sodium bicarbonate has long been used in the treatment of certain diseases, and here we argue that warm inhalation of sodium bicarbonate might successfully target these endpoints. Although we highlight the molecular/cellular basis and the signalling pathways to support this intervention, we underscore the need for clinical investigations to encourage further research and clinical trials. In addition, we think that such an approach is also important in light of the high mutation rate of this virus originating from a rapid increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cicconetti
- Department of Emergency DEA-Surgery, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Valeria Madiai
- Laboratory of Diagnostics and Metrology, FSN-TECFIS-DIM, ENEA, Frascati-Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Campanella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Sofia Coppari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Daniele Fraternale
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Bryan Saunders
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Teodori
- Laboratory of Diagnostics and Metrology, FSN-TECFIS-DIM, ENEA, Frascati-Rome, Italy
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15
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Täuber S, Blöbaum L, Wendisch VF, Grünberger A. Growth Response and Recovery of Corynebacterium glutamicum Colonies on Single-Cell Level Upon Defined pH Stress Pulses. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:711893. [PMID: 34659141 PMCID: PMC8517191 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.711893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria respond to pH changes in their environment and use pH homeostasis to keep the intracellular pH as constant as possible and within a small range. A change in intracellular pH influences enzyme activity, protein stability, trace element solubilities and proton motive force. Here, the species Corynebacterium glutamicum was chosen as a neutralophilic and moderately alkali-tolerant bacterium capable of maintaining an internal pH of 7.5 ± 0.5 in environments with external pH values ranging between 5.5 and 9. In recent years, the phenotypic response of C. glutamicum to pH changes has been systematically investigated at the bulk population level. A detailed understanding of the C. glutamicum cell response to defined short-term pH perturbations/pulses is missing. In this study, dynamic microfluidic single-cell cultivation (dMSCC) was applied to analyze the physiological growth response of C. glutamicum to precise pH stress pulses at the single-cell level. Analysis by dMSCC of the growth behavior of colonies exposed to single pH stress pulses (pH = 4, 5, 10, 11) revealed a decrease in viability with increasing stress duration w. Colony regrowth was possible for all tested pH values after increasing lag phases for which stress durations w were increased from 5 min to 9 h. Furthermore, single-cell analyses revealed heterogeneous regrowth of cells after pH stress, which can be categorized into three physiological states. Cells in the first physiological state continued to grow without interruption after pH stress pulse. Cells in the second physiological state rested for several hours after pH stress pulse before they started to grow again after this lag phase, and cells in the third physiological state did not divide after the pH stress pulse. This study provides the first insights into single-cell responses to acidic and alkaline pH stress by C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Täuber
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Technical Faculty, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Luisa Blöbaum
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Technical Faculty, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Volker F. Wendisch
- CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Grünberger
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Technical Faculty, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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16
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Fatima S, Ali K, Ahmed B, Al Kheraif AA, Syed A, Elgorban AM, Musarrat J, Lee J. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Inhibitory Effects against Planktonic Cells and Biofilms of Human Oral Cavity Isolates of Rothia mucilaginosa, Georgenia sp. and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1564. [PMID: 34683856 PMCID: PMC8540964 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial cells embedded in biofilm matrices can lead to the development of chronic cariogenesis. Here, we isolated and identified three Gram-positive MDR oral cocci, (1) SJM-04, (2) SJM-38, and (3) SJM-65, and characterized them morphologically, biochemically, and by 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis as Georgenia sp., Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Rothia mucilaginosa, respectively. These three oral isolates exhibited antibiotic-resistance against nalidixic acid, tetracycline, cefuroxime, methicillin, and ceftazidime. Furthermore, these Gram positive MDR oral cocci showed significant (p < 0.05) variations in their biofilm forming ability under different physicochemical conditions, that is, at temperatures of 28, 30, and 42 °C, pH of 6.4, 7.4, and 8.4, and NaCl concentrations from 200 to 1000 µg/mL. Exposure of oral isolates to TiO2NPs (14.7 nm) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced planktonic cell viability and biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent manner, which was confirmed by observing biofilm architecture by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. Overall, these results have important implications for the use of tetragonal anatase phase TiO2NPs (size range 5-25 nm, crystalline size 13.7 nm, and spherical shape) as an oral antibiofilm agent against Gram positive cocci infections. We suggest that TiO2NPs pave the way for further applications in oral mouthwash formulations and antibiofilm dental coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saher Fatima
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.F.); (J.M.)
| | - Khursheed Ali
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.F.); (J.M.)
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al Kheraif
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (A.M.E.)
| | - Abdallah M. Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (A.M.E.)
| | - Javed Musarrat
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.F.); (J.M.)
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
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17
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Vail KJ, da Silveira BP, Bell SL, Cohen ND, Bordin AI, Patrick KL, Watson RO. The opportunistic intracellular bacterial pathogen Rhodococcus equi elicits type I interferon by engaging cytosolic DNA sensing in macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009888. [PMID: 34473814 PMCID: PMC8443056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodococcus equi is a major cause of foal pneumonia and an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised humans. While alveolar macrophages constitute the primary replicative niche for R. equi, little is known about how intracellular R. equi is sensed by macrophages. Here, we discovered that in addition to previously characterized pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., Tnfa, Il6, Il1b), macrophages infected with R. equi induce a robust type I IFN response, including Ifnb and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), similar to the evolutionarily related pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Follow up studies using a combination of mammalian and bacterial genetics demonstrated that induction of this type I IFN expression program is largely dependent on the cGAS/STING/TBK1 axis of the cytosolic DNA sensing pathway, suggesting that R. equi perturbs the phagosomal membrane and causes DNA release into the cytosol following phagocytosis. Consistent with this, we found that a population of ~12% of R. equi phagosomes recruits the galectin-3,-8 and -9 danger receptors. Interestingly, neither phagosomal damage nor induction of type I IFN require the R. equi’s virulence-associated plasmid. Importantly, R. equi infection of both mice and foals stimulates ISG expression, in organs (mice) and circulating monocytes (foals). By demonstrating that R. equi activates cytosolic DNA sensing in macrophages and elicits type I IFN responses in animal models, our work provides novel insights into how R. equi engages the innate immune system and furthers our understanding how this zoonotic pathogen causes inflammation and disease. Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen of horses and other domestic animals, as well as an opportunistic pathogen of humans. In human patients, Rhodococcus pneumonia bears some pathological similarities to pulmonary tuberculosis, and poses a risk for misdiagnosis. In horses, R. equi infection has a major detrimental impact on the equine breeding industry due to a lack of an efficacious vaccine and its ubiquitous distribution in soil. Given the prevalence of subclinical infection and high false positive rate in current screening methods, there exists a critical need to identify factors contributing to host susceptibility. Here, we use a combination of bacterial genetics and animal models to investigate innate immune responses during R. equi infection. We found that R. equi modulates host immune sensing to elicit a type I interferon response in a manner resembling that of M. tuberculosis. We also found that the danger sensors galectin-3, -8, and -9 are recruited to a population of R. equi-containing vacuoles, independent of expression of VapA. Our research identifies innate immune sensing events and immune transcriptional signatures that may lead to biomarkers for clinical disease, more accurate screening methods, and insight into susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal J. Vail
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bibiana Petri da Silveira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Samantha L. Bell
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Noah D. Cohen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Angela I. Bordin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kristin L. Patrick
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert O. Watson
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Host-Like Conditions Are Required for T6SS-Mediated Competition among Vibrio fischeri Light Organ Symbionts. mSphere 2021; 6:e0128820. [PMID: 34287008 PMCID: PMC8386388 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.01288-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria employ diverse competitive strategies to enhance fitness and promote their own propagation. However, little is known about how symbiotic bacteria modulate competitive mechanisms as they compete for a host niche. The bacterium Vibrio fischeri forms a symbiotic relationship with marine animals and encodes a type VI secretion system (T6SS), which is a contact-dependent killing mechanism used to eliminate competitors during colonization of the Euprymna scolopes squid light organ. Like other horizontally acquired symbionts, V. fischeri experiences changes in its physical and chemical environment during symbiosis establishment. Therefore, we probed both environmental and host-like conditions to identify ecologically relevant cues that control T6SS-dependent competition during habitat transition. Although the T6SS did not confer a competitive advantage for V. fischeri strain ES401 under planktonic conditions, a combination of both host-like pH and viscosity was necessary for T6SS competition. For ES401, high viscosity activates T6SS expression and neutral/acidic pH promotes cell-cell contact for killing, and this pH-dependent phenotype was conserved in the majority of T6SS-encoding strains examined. We also identified a subset of V. fischeri isolates that engaged in T6SS-mediated competition at high viscosity under both planktonic and host-like pH conditions. T6SS phylogeny revealed that strains with pH-dependent phenotypes cluster together to form a subclade within the pH-independent strains, suggesting that V. fischeri may have recently evolved to limit competition to the host niche. IMPORTANCE Bacteria have evolved diverse strategies to compete for limited space and resources. Because these mechanisms can be costly to use, their expression and function are often restricted to specific environments where the benefits outweigh the costs. However, little is known about the specific cues that modulate competitive mechanisms as bacterial symbionts transition between free-living and host habitats. Here, we used the bioluminescent squid and fish symbiont Vibrio fischeri to probe for host and environmental conditions that control interbacterial competition via the type VI secretion system. Our findings identify a new host-specific cue that promotes competition among many but not all V. fischeri isolates, underscoring the utility of studying multiple strains to reveal how competitive mechanisms may be differentially regulated among closely related populations as they evolve to fill distinct niches.
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19
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Schwarze J, Schuhmann W, Rosenhahn A. Control of Marine Bacteria and Diatom Biofouling by Constant and Alternating Potentials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7464-7472. [PMID: 34100615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The application of electrochemical potentials to surfaces is an easy and direct way to alter surface charge density, the structure of the electrochemical double layer, and the presence of electrochemically activated species. On such electrified interfaces the formation of biofilms is reduced. Here we investigate how applied potentials alter the colonization of surfaces by the marine bacterium Cobetia marina and the marine diatom Navicula perminuta. Different constant potentials between -0.8 and 0.6 V as well as regular switching between two potentials were investigated, and their influence on the attachment of the two biofilm-forming microorganisms on gold-coated working electrodes was quantified. Reduced bacteria and diatom attachment were found when negative potentials and alternating potentials were applied. The results are discussed on the basis of the electrochemical processes occurring at the working electrode in artificial seawater as revealed by cyclic voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schwarze
- Analytical Chemistry - Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electroanalytical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- Analytical Chemistry - Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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20
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Hewawaduge C, Senevirathne A, Yang MS, Jeong TW, Kim B, Lee JH. Comparative study of sodium bicarbonate- and magnesium hydroxide-based gastric antacids for the effectiveness of Salmonella delivered Brucella antigens against wild type challenge in BALB/c mice. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:6126344. [PMID: 33527985 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the effects of two antacid formulations based on sodium bicarbonate and magnesium hydroxide on a Salmonella-delivered oral Brucella live attenuated vaccine. We conducted a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate the pH buffering capacity, buffering longevity and the effects of these formulations on the survival of Salmonella under neutralized pH conditions and its impact on immune responses. Magnesium hydroxide had a greater, stable and prolonged buffering capacity than sodium bicarbonate and was safer when administered orally. Oral administration of sodium bicarbonate resulted in discomfort as reflected by mouse behavior and mild muscle tremors, whereas mice treated with magnesium hydroxide and PBS were completely normal. Gastric survival studies using BALB/c mice revealed that a higher number of Salmonella reached the intestine when the magnesium hydroxide-based antacid buffer was administrated. Co-administration with attenuated Salmonella secreting Brucella antigens, SodC and Omp19 along with individual antacid formulations, significantly enhanced the antigen-specific protective immune responses against virulent Brucella challenge. Together, our results indicated that the pre vaccinated oral administration of bicarbonate-citric acid or magnesium hydroxide-based neutralizing buffers significantly counteract stomach acidity by maintaining the viability of an oral enteric vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamith Hewawaduge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Amal Senevirathne
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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21
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Li Z, Gu J, Ding J, Ren N, Xing D. Molecular mechanism of ethanol-H 2 co-production fermentation in anaerobic acidogenesis: Challenges and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 46:107679. [PMID: 33316366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol-type fermentation (ETF) is one of three fermentation types during the acidogenesis of the anaerobic biological treatment. Ethanoligenens, a representative genus of ETF, displays acidophilic, autoaggregative, and ethanol-H2 co-producing characteristics and facilitates subsequent methanogenesis. Here, the latest advances in the molecular mechanisms of the metabolic regulation of ethanol-H2 co-producing bacteria based on multi-omics studies were comprehensively reviewed. Comparative genomics demonstrated a low genetic similarity between Ethanoligenens and other hydrogen-producing genera. FeFe‑hydrogenases (FeFe-H2ases) and pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) played critical roles in the ethanol-H2 co-metabolic pathway of Ethanoligenens. Global transcriptome analysis revealed that highly expressed [FeFe]-H2ases and ferredoxins drove hydrogen production by Ethanoligenens at low pH conditions (4.0-4.5). Quantitative proteomic analysis also proved that this genus resists acetic acid-induced intracellular acidification through the up-regulated expression of pyrimidine metabolism related proteins. The autoaggregation of Ethanoligenen facilitated its granulation with acetate-oxidizing bacteria in co-culture systems and mitigated a fast pH drop, providing a new approach for solving a pH imbalance and improving hydrogen production. In-depth studies of the regulatory mechanism underlying ethanol-H2 co-production metabolism and the syntrophic interactions of ethanol-H2 co-producing Ethanoligenens with other microorganisms will provide insights into the improvement of bioenergy recovery in anaerobic biotechnology. The coupling of ETF with other biotechnologies, which based on the regulation of electron flow direction, syntrophic interaction, and metabolic flux, can be potential strategies to enhance the cascade recovery of energy and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Defeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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22
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Early Stimulation of TREK Channel Transcription and Activity Induced by Oxaliplatin-Dependent Cytosolic Acidification. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197164. [PMID: 32998392 PMCID: PMC7584002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy is characterized by an acute hyperexcitability syndrome triggered/exacerbated by cold. The mechanisms underlying oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy are unclear, but the alteration of ion channel expression and activity plays a well-recognized central role. Recently, we found that oxaliplatin leads to cytosolic acidification in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Here, we investigated the early impact of oxaliplatin on the proton-sensitive TREK potassium channels. Following a 6-h oxaliplatin treatment, both channels underwent a transcription upregulation that returned to control levels after 42 h. The overexpression of TREK channels was also observed after in vivo treatment in DRG cells from mice exposed to acute treatment with oxaliplatin. Moreover, both intracellular pH and TREK channel transcription were similarly regulated after incubation with amiloride, an inhibitor of the Na+/H+ exchanger. In addition, we studied the role of oxaliplatin-induced acidification on channel behavior, and, as expected, we observed a robust positive modulation of TREK channel activity. Finally, we focused on the impact of this complex modulation on capsaicin-evoked neuronal activity finding a transient decrease in the average firing rate following 6 h of oxaliplatin treatment. In conclusion, the early activation of TREK genes may represent a mechanism of protection against the oxaliplatin-related perturbation of neuronal excitability.
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23
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Yang T, Pan SC, Cheng CM. Paper-based human neutrophil elastase detection device for clinical wound monitoring. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2709-2716. [PMID: 32573571 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00062k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based diagnostic devices have been widely applied to assess the presence and status of a variety of clinical diseases by analyzing samples such as urine or blood. Due to their low cost, user-friendliness, and convenience, they have been used as point-of-care (POC) devices in countries lacking resources or energy. Despite wide-ranging research and implementation, paper-based devices have not previously been developed for wound analysis. Here, we discuss the successful development of such a tool to facilitate simple and rapid wound status assessment. The purpose of this study was to develop a paper-based elastase detection device (PEDD) for clinical wound assessment that specifically examines human neutrophil elastase (HNE), one of the most abundant serine proteases found in chronic wounds. The first step in this study was an examination of different paper substrate types (i.e., chromatography paper and filter paper) to determine which provided the best protease immobilization and colorimetric response. We then used a wax printing approach to create hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions and designated test zones created on both chromatography and filter papers. This allowed us to physically immobilize both substrate and protease within the desired test zone regions. This PEDD which demonstrated good sensitivity (0.631 μg mL-1, in a wound fluid system) can be used to monitor protease activity expressed in wounds. After developing this device, we examined samples from 9 patients presenting a total of 7 acute and 4 chronic wounds to determine wound HNE concentration. We believe that this study may be widely applicable in both academic and commercial sciences, including the development of practical POC detection devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Li Z, Lou Y, Ding J, Liu BF, Xie GJ, Ren NQ, Xing D. Metabolic regulation of ethanol-type fermentation of anaerobic acidogenesis at different pH based on transcriptome analysis of Ethanoligenens harbinense. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:101. [PMID: 32518589 PMCID: PMC7268672 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01740-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol-type fermentation, one of the fermentation types in mixed cultures of acidogenesis with obvious advantages such as low pH tolerance and high efficiency of H2 production, has attracted widespread attentions. pH level greatly influences the establishment of the fermentation of carbohydrate acidogenesis by shaping community assembly and the metabolic activity of keystone populations. To explore the adaptation mechanisms of ethanol-type fermentation to low pH, we report the effects of initial pH on the physiological metabolism and transcriptomes of Ethanoligenens harbinense-a representative species of ethanol-type fermentation. RESULTS Different initial pH levels significantly changed the cell growth and fermentation products of E. harbinense. Using transcriptomic analysis, we identified and functionally categorized 1753 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). By mining information on metabolic pathways, we probed the transcriptional regulation of ethanol-H2 metabolism relating to pH responses. Multiple pathways of E. harbinense were co-regulated by changing gene expression patterns. Low initial pH down-regulated the expression of cell growth- and acidogenesis-related genes but did not affect the expression of H2 evolution-related hydrogenase and ferredoxin genes. High pH down-regulated the expression of H2 evolution- and acidogenesis-related genes. Multiple resistance mechanisms, including chemotaxis, the phosphotransferase system (PTS), and the antioxidant system, were regulated at the transcriptional level under pH stress. CONCLUSIONS Ethanoligenens adapted to low pH by regulating the gene expression networks of cell growth, basic metabolism, chemotaxis and resistance but not H2 evolution-related genes. Regulation based on pH shifts can represent an important approach to establish and enhance ethanol-type fermentation. The complete gene expression network of ethanol fermentative bacteria for pH response provides valuable insights into the acidogenic fermentation, and offers an effective regulation strategy for the sustainable energy recovery from wastewater and solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, P.O. Box 2614, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090 China
| | - Yu Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, P.O. Box 2614, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090 China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, P.O. Box 2614, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090 China
| | - Bing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, P.O. Box 2614, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090 China
| | - Guo-Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, P.O. Box 2614, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090 China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, P.O. Box 2614, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090 China
| | - Defeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, P.O. Box 2614, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090 China
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Nguyen-Vo TP, Liang Y, Sankaranarayanan M, Seol E, Chun AY, Ashok S, Chauhan AS, Kim JR, Park S. Development of 3-hydroxypropionic-acid-tolerant strain of Escherichia coli W and role of minor global regulator yieP. Metab Eng 2019; 53:48-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Effect of the MotA(M206I) Mutation on Torque Generation and Stator Assembly in the Salmonella H +-Driven Flagellar Motor. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:JB.00727-18. [PMID: 30642987 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00727-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial flagellar motor is composed of a rotor and a dozen stators and converts the ion flux through the stator into torque. Each stator unit alternates in its attachment to and detachment from the rotor even during rotation. In some species, stator assembly depends on the input energy, but it remains unclear how an electrochemical potential across the membrane (e.g., proton motive force [PMF]) or ion flux is involved in stator assembly dynamics. Here, we focused on pH dependence of a slow motile MotA(M206I) mutant of Salmonella The MotA(M206I) motor produces torque comparable to that of the wild-type motor near stall, but its rotation rate is considerably decreased as the external load is reduced. Rotation assays of flagella labeled with 1-μm beads showed that the rotation rate of the MotA(M206I) motor is increased by lowering the external pH whereas that of the wild-type motor is not. Measurements of the speed produced by a single stator unit using 1-μm beads showed that the unit speed of the MotA(M206I) is about 60% of that of the wild-type and that a decrease in external pH did not affect the MotA(M206I) unit speed. Analysis of the subcellular stator localization revealed that the number of functional stators is restored by lowering the external pH. The pH-dependent improvement of stator assembly was observed even when the PMF was collapsed and proton transfer was inhibited. These results suggest that MotA-Met206 is responsible for not only load-dependent energy coupling between the proton influx and rotation but also pH-dependent stator assembly.IMPORTANCE The bacterial flagellar motor is a rotary nanomachine driven by the electrochemical transmembrane potential (ion motive force). About 10 stators (MotA/MotB complexes) are docked around a rotor, and the stator recruitment depends on the load, ion motive force, and coupling ion flux. The MotA(M206I) mutation slows motor rotation and decreases the number of docked stators in Salmonella We show that lowering the external pH improves the assembly of the mutant stators. Neither the collapse of the ion motive force nor a mutation mimicking the proton-binding state inhibited stator localization to the motor. These results suggest that MotA-Met206 is involved in torque generation and proton translocation and that stator assembly is stabilized by protonation of the stator.
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Gene expression and protein synthesis of esterase from Streptococcus mutans are affected by biodegradation by-product from methacrylate resin composites and adhesives. Acta Biomater 2018; 81:158-168. [PMID: 30268915 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An esterase from S. mutans UA159, SMU_118c, was shown to hydrolyze methacrylate resin-based dental monomers. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of SMU_118c to the whole cellular hydrolytic activity of S. mutans toward polymerized resin composites, and to examine how the bacterium adapts its hydrolytic activity in response to environmental stresses triggered by the presence of a resin composites and adhesives biodegradation by-product (BBP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Biofilms of S. mutans UA159 parent wild strain, SMU_118c knockout strain (ΔSMU_118c), and SMU_118c complemented strain (ΔSMU_118cC) were incubated with photo-polymerized resin composite. High performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify the amount of a universal 2,2-Bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane (bisGMA)-derived BBP, bishydroxy-propoxy-phenyl-propane (bisHPPP) in the media. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative proteomic analysis were used to measure SMU_118c gene expression and production of SMU_118c protein, respectively, from biofilms of S. mutans UA159 wild strain that were cultured with bisHPPP. RESULTS The levels of bisHPPP released from composite were similar for ΔSMU_118c and media control, and these were significantly lower compared to the parent wild-strain UA159 and complemented strain (ΔSMU_118cC) (p < 0.05). Gene expression of SMU_118c and productions of SMU_118c protein were higher for bisHPPP incubated biofilms (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests that SMU_118c is a dominant esterase in S. mutans and capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of the resinous matrix of polymerized composites and adhesives. In turn, the bacterial response to BBP was to increase the expression of the esterase gene and enhance esterase production, potentially accelerating the biodegradation of the restoration, adhesive and restoration-tooth interface, ultimately contributing to premature restoration failure. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We recently reported (Huang et al., 2018) on the isolation and initial characterization of a specific esterase (SMU_118c) from S. mutans that show degradative activity toward the hydrolysis of dental monomers. The current study further characterize this enzyme and shows that SMU_118c is a dominant degradative esterase activity in the cariogenic bacterium S. mutans and is capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of the resinous matrix of polymerized composites and adhesives. In turn, the bacterial response to biodegradation by-products from composites and adhesives was to increase the expression of the esterase gene and enhance esterase production, accelerating the biodegradation of the restoration, adhesive and the restoration-tooth interface, potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of recurrent caries around resin composite restorations.
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Orapiriyakul W, Young PS, Damiati L, Tsimbouri PM. Antibacterial surface modification of titanium implants in orthopaedics. J Tissue Eng 2018; 9:2041731418789838. [PMID: 30083308 PMCID: PMC6071164 DOI: 10.1177/2041731418789838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biomaterials in orthopaedics for joint replacement, fracture healing and bone regeneration is a rapidly expanding field. Infection of these biomaterials is a major healthcare burden, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, the cost to healthcare systems is increasing dramatically. With advances in implant design and production, research has predominately focussed on osseointegration; however, modification of implant material, surface topography and chemistry can also provide antibacterial activity. With the increasing burden of infection, it is vitally important that we consider the bacterial interaction with the biomaterial and the host when designing and manufacturing future implants. During this review, we will elucidate the interaction between patient, biomaterial surface and bacteria. We aim to review current and developing surface modifications with a view towards antibacterial orthopaedic implants for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wich Orapiriyakul
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter S Young
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laila Damiati
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Penelope M Tsimbouri
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Placek LM, Keenan TJ, Coughlan A, Wren AW. Investigating the Effect of Glass Ion Release on the Cytocompatibility, Antibacterial Eflcacy and Antioxidant Activity of Y2O3 / CeO2 doped SiO2-SrO-Na2O glasses. BIOMEDICAL GLASSES 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/bglass-2018-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe effect on ion release and cytocompatibility of Yttrium (Y) and Cerium (Ce) are investigated when substituted for Sodium (Na) in a 0.52SiO2-0.24SrO-0.24-Na2OMOglass series (where MO= Y2O3or CeO2). Glass leaching was evaluated through pH measurements and Inductive Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysiswhere the extract pH increased during incubation (11.2 - 12.5). Ion release of Silicon (Si), Na and Strontium (Sr) from the Con glass was at higher than that of glasses containing Y or Ce, and reached a limit after 1 day. Ion release from Y and Ce containing glasses reached a maximum of 1800 μg/mL, 1800 μg/mL, and 10 μg/mL for Si, Na, and Sr, respectively. Release of Y and Cewas below the ICP- OES detection limit <0.1 μg/mL. Cell viability of both L929 fibroblasts and MC3T3 osteoblasts decreased for Con, LY, and LCe extracts; HY extracts did not significantly decrease cell viability while YCe and HCe saw concentrationdependent viability decrease (20%, 33% extract concentrations). Bacterial studies saw Con and LCe eliminating >75% of bacteria at a 9% extract concentration. Antioxidant capacity (mechanism for neuroprotection) was evaluated using the ABTS assay. All glasses had inherent radical oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capability with Con reaching 9.5 mMTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Placek
- 1Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred NY, USA
| | - T. J. Keenan
- 1Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred NY, USA
| | - A. Coughlan
- 2Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - A. W. Wren
- 1Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred NY, USA
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Abbasiliasi S, Tan JS, Ibrahim TAT, Ramanan RN, Kadkhodaei S, Mustafa S, Ariff AB. Kinetic modeling of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance secretion by Pediococcus acidilactici Kp10 and its stability in food manufacturing conditions. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:1270-1284. [PMID: 29606741 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper deliberates the modelling and validation of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) secretion by Pediococcus acidilactici Kp10 at different agitation speeds in a stirred tank bioreactor. A range of models namely the re-parameterised logistic, Luedeking-Piret and maintenance energy were assessed to predict the culture performance of the said bacterium. Growth of P. acidilactici Kp10 was enhanced with increased agitation speed up to 600 rpm while BLIS secretion was maximum at 400 rpm but decreased at higher agitation speed. Growth of P. acidilactici aptly subscribed to the re-parameterised logistic model while BLIS secretion and lactose consumption fitted well with the Luedeking-Piret model. The models revealed a relationship between growth of the bacterium and BLIS secretion. Bacterial growth and BLIS secretion were largely affected by the agitation speed of the stirred tank bioreactor which regulated the oxygen transfer to the culture. BLIS secretion by P. acidilactici Kp10 was however enhanced in oxygen-limited culture. The study also assessed BLIS from the perspective of its stability when subjected to factors such as temperature, pH and detergents. Results showed that BLIS produced by this strain was not affected by heat (at 25-100 °C for 20 min and at 121 °C for 15 min), surfactant (Tween 40, 60 and 80 and urea), detergents (up to 1% SDS), organic solvents (50% each of acetone, methanol and ethanol) and stable in a wide range of pH (2-10). The above information are pertinent with reference to commercial applications of this bacterial product in food manufacturing which invariably involve various sterilization processes and subjected to a wide pH range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Abbasiliasi
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- 2Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | | | - Ramakrishnan Nagasundara Ramanan
- 4Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Saeid Kadkhodaei
- 5Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Shuhaimi Mustafa
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Arbakariya B Ariff
- 6Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- 7Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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Yang E, Fan L, Yan J, Jiang Y, Doucette C, Fillmore S, Walker B. Influence of culture media, pH and temperature on growth and bacteriocin production of bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria. AMB Express 2018; 8:10. [PMID: 29368243 PMCID: PMC5783981 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been continued interest in bacteriocins research from an applied perspective as bacteriocins have potential to be used as natural preservative. Four bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains of Lactobacillus curvatus (Arla-10), Enterococcus faecium (JFR-1), Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei (JFR-5) and Streptococcus thermophilus (TSB-8) were previously isolated and identified in our lab. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal growth conditions for both LAB growth and bacteriocins production. In this study, various growth conditions including culture media (MRS and BHI), initial pH of culture media (4.5, 5.5, 6.2, 7.4 and 8.5), and incubation temperatures (20, 37 and 44 °C) were investigated for LAB growth measured as optical density (OD), bacteriocin activity determined as arbitrary unit and viability of LAB expressed as log CFU ml-1. Growth curves of the bacteriocinogenic LAB were generated using a Bioscreen C. Our results indicated that Arla-10, JFR-1, and JFR-5 strains grew well on both MRS and BHI media at growth temperature tested whereas TSB-8 strain, unable to grow at 20 °C. LAB growth was significantly affected by the initial pH of culture media (p < 0.001) and the optimal pH was found ranging from 6.2 to 8.5. Bacteriocin activity was significantly different in MRS versus BHI (p < 0.001), and the optimal condition for LAB to produce bacteriocins was determined in MRS broth, pH 6.2 at 37 °C. This study provides useful information on potential application of bacteriocinogenic LAB in food fermentation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5 Canada
| | - Lihua Fan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5 Canada
| | - Jinping Yan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Craig Doucette
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5 Canada
| | - Sherry Fillmore
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5 Canada
| | - Bradley Walker
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5 Canada
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Sun YX, Shen BB, Han HY, Lu Y, Zhang BX, Gao YF, Hu BZ, Hu XM. Screening of potential IL-tolerant cellulases and their efficient saccharification of IL-pretreated lignocelluloses. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30957-30965. [PMID: 35548722 PMCID: PMC9085512 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05729j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass as one of the most abundant and renewable resources has great potential for biofuel production. The complete conversion of biomass to biofuel is achieved through the effective pretreatment process and the following enzyme saccharification. Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered as a green solvent for lignocellulose pretreatment. However, ILs exhibit an inhibitory effect on cellulase activity, leading to a subsequent decrease in the efficiency of saccharification. The screening of new potential IL-tolerant cellulases is important. In the current study, a fungal strain with a relatively high cellulase production was isolated and identified as Penicillium oxalicum HC6. The culture conditions were optimized using corn stover and peptone as the carbon source and nitrogen source at pH 4.0 and 30 °C with an inoculation size of 2% (v/v) for 8 days. It was found that P. oxalicum HC6 exhibited potential salt tolerance with the increase of the enzyme production at a salt concentration of 5.0% (w/v). In addition, high enzyme activities were obtained at pH 4.0–6.0 and 50–65 °C. The crude enzyme from P. oxalicum HC6 with good thermal stability was also stable in the presence of salt and ILs. Good yields of reducing sugar were obtained by the crude enzyme from P. oxalicum HC6 after the saccharification of corn stover that was pretreated by ILs. P. oxalicum HC6 with potentially salt-tolerant and IL-tolerant enzymes has great potential application in the enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulose. Lignocellulosic biomass as one of the most abundant and renewable resources has great potential for biofuel production.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Sun
- College of Life Science
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Bing-Bing Shen
- College of Life Science
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Hui-Ying Han
- College of Life Science
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Yuan Lu
- College of Life Science
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Bi-Xian Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Harbin
- China
| | - Yun-Fei Gao
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Harbin
- China
| | | | - Xiao-Mei Hu
- College of Life Science
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- China
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Velmourougane K, Prasanna R, Saxena AK. Agriculturally important microbial biofilms: Present status and future prospects. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 57:548-573. [PMID: 28407275 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are a fascinating subject, due to their significant roles in the environment, industry, and health. Advances in biochemical and molecular techniques have helped in enhancing our understanding of biofilm structure and development. In the past, research on biofilms primarily focussed on health and industrial sectors; however, lately, biofilms in agriculture are gaining attention due to their immense potential in crop production, protection, and improvement. Biofilms play an important role in colonization of surfaces - soil, roots, or shoots of plants and enable proliferation in the desired niche, besides enhancing soil fertility. Although reports are available on microbial biofilms in general; scanty information is published on biofilm formation by agriculturally important microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, bacterial-fungal) and their interactions in the ecosystem. Better understanding of agriculturally important bacterial-fungal communities and their interactions can have several implications on climate change, soil quality, plant nutrition, plant protection, bioremediation, etc. Understanding the factors and genes involved in biofilm formation will help to develop more effective strategies for sustainable and environment-friendly agriculture. The present review brings together fundamental aspects of biofilms, in relation to their formation, regulatory mechanisms, genes involved, and their application in different fields, with special emphasis on agriculturally important microbial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radha Prasanna
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar Saxena
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau Nath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Behera M, Ghangrekar MM. Optimization of Operating Conditions for Maximizing Power Generation and Organic Matter Removal in Microbial Fuel Cell. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manaswini Behera
- Assistant Professor, School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India (corresponding author)
| | - M. M. Ghangrekar
- Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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De la Cruz MA, Ruiz-Tagle A, Ares MA, Pacheco S, Yáñez JA, Cedillo L, Torres J, Girón JA. The expression of Longus type 4 pilus of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is regulated by LngR and LngS and by H-NS, CpxR and CRP global regulators. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:1761-1775. [PMID: 27943535 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli produces a long type 4 pilus called Longus. The regulatory elements and the environmental signals controlling the expression of Longus-encoding genes are unknown. We identified two genes lngR and lngS in the Longus operon, whose predicted products share homology with transcriptional regulators. Isogenic lngR and lngS mutants were considerably affected in transcription of lngA pilin gene. The expression of lngA, lngR and lngS genes was optimally expressed at 37°C at pH 7.5. The presence of glucose and sodium chloride had a positive effect on Longus expression. The presence of divalent ions, particularly calcium, appears to be an important stimulus for Longus production. In addition, we studied H-NS, CpxR and CRP global regulators, on Longus expression. The response regulator CpxR appears to function as a positive regulator of lng genes as the cpxR mutant showed reduced levels of lngRSA expression. In contrast, H-NS and CRP function as negative regulators since expression of lngA was up-regulated in isogenic hns and crp mutants. H-NS and CRP were required for salt- and glucose-mediated regulation of Longus. Our data suggest the existence of a complex regulatory network controlling Longus expression, involving both local and global regulators in response to different environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A De la Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Miguel A Ares
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sabino Pacheco
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología UNAM, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Yáñez
- Facultad de Estomatología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Lilia Cedillo
- Centro de Detección Biomolecular, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Girón
- Centro de Detección Biomolecular, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
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Tallawi M, Opitz M, Lieleg O. Modulation of the mechanical properties of bacterial biofilms in response to environmental challenges. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:887-900. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00832a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we highlight recent research on the relationship between biofilm matrix composition, biofilm mechanics and environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Tallawi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering
- Technische Universität München
- Garching
- Germany
| | - Madeleine Opitz
- Center for NanoScience
- Faculty of Physics
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- Munich
- Germany
| | - Oliver Lieleg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering
- Technische Universität München
- Garching
- Germany
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37
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D'Argenio V, Petrillo M, Pasanisi D, Pagliarulo C, Colicchio R, Talà A, de Biase MS, Zanfardino M, Scolamiero E, Pagliuca C, Gaballo A, Cicatiello AG, Cantiello P, Postiglione I, Naso B, Boccia A, Durante M, Cozzuto L, Salvatore P, Paolella G, Salvatore F, Alifano P. The complete 12 Mb genome and transcriptome of Nonomuraea gerenzanensis with new insights into its duplicated "magic" RNA polymerase. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18. [PMID: 28442708 PMCID: PMC5431353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-016-0025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the widely accepted consensus of the existence of a single RNA polymerase in bacteria, several actinomycetes have been recently shown to possess two forms of RNA polymerases due the to co-existence of two rpoB paralogs in their genome. However, the biological significance of the rpoB duplication is obscure. In this study we have determined the genome sequence of the lipoglycopeptide antibiotic A40926 producer Nonomuraea gerenzanensis ATCC 39727, an actinomycete with a large genome and two rpoB genes, i.e. rpoB(S) (the wild-type gene) and rpoB(R) (the mutant-type gene). We next analyzed the transcriptional and metabolite profiles in the wild-type gene and in two derivative strains over-expressing either rpoB(R) or a mutated form of this gene to explore the physiological role and biotechnological potential of the "mutant-type" RNA polymerase. We show that rpoB(R) controls antibiotic production and a wide range of metabolic adaptive behaviors in response to environmental pH. This may give interesting perspectives also with regard to biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria D'Argenio
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Petrillo
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Daniela Pasanisi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Caterina Pagliarulo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Roberta Colicchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Adelfia Talà
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Stella de Biase
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Zanfardino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Pagliuca
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Gaballo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.,CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, Center of Nanotechnology c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Miriana Durante
- CNR - Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Operative Unit of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Paola Salvatore
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paolella
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy.
| | - Pietro Alifano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
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38
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Fulbright SP, Chisholm S, Reardon KF. Growth inhibition of Nannochloropsis species by Bacillus pumilus. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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39
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Liu J, Zuo W, Tian Y, Zhang J, Li H, Li L. Improvement of an integrated system of membrane bioreactor and worm reactor by phosphorus removal using additional post-chemical treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:2202-2210. [PMID: 27842040 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A membrane bioreactor (MBR) coupled with a worm reactor (SSBWR) was designed as SSBWR-MBR for sewage treatment and excess sludge reduction. However, total phosphorus (TP) release caused by worm predation in the SSBWR could increase the effluent TP concentration in the SSBWR-MBR. To decrease the amount of TP excreted, chemical treatment reactor was connected after the SSBWR-MBR to remove the excess phosphorus (P). The effects of chemical treatment at different time intervals on the performance of the SSBWR-MBR were assessed. The results showed that a maximum TP removal efficiency of 21.5 ± 1.0% was achieved in the SSBWR-MBR after chemical treatment. More importantly, a higher sulfate concentration induced by chemical treatment could promote TP release in the SSBWR, which provided further TP removal from the SSBWR-MBR. Additionally, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of the SSBWR-MBR was increased by 1.3% after effective chemical treatment. In the SSBWR-MBR, the chemical treatment had little effects on NH3-N removal and sludge production. Eventually, chemical treatment also alleviated the membrane fouling in the SSBWR-MBR. In this work, the improvement on TP, COD removal and membrane fouling alleviation was achieved in the SSBWR-MBR using additional chemical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Wei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Lipin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
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40
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Classical Optimization of Cellulase and Xylanase Production by a Marine Streptomyces Species. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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42
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Xiao L, Lian B, Dong C, Liu F. The selective expression of carbonic anhydrase genes of Aspergillus nidulans in response to changes in mineral nutrition and CO2 concentration. Microbiologyopen 2016; 5:60-9. [PMID: 26553629 PMCID: PMC4767425 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) plays an important role in the formation and evolution of life. However, to our knowledge, there has been no report on CA isoenzyme function differentiation in fungi. Two different CA gene sequences in Aspergillus nidulans with clear genetic background provide us a favorable basis for studying function differentiation of CA isoenzymes. Heterologously expressed CA1 was used to test its weathering ability on silicate minerals and real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect expression of the CA1 and CA2 genes at different CO2 concentrations and in the presence of different potassium sources. The northern blot method was applied to confirm the result of CA1 gene expression. Heterologously expressed CA1 significantly promoted dissolution of biotite and wollastonite, and CA1 gene expression increased significantly in response to soluble K-deficiency. The northern blot test further showed that CA1 participated in K-feldspar weathering. In addition, the results showed that CA2 was primary involved in adapting to CO2 concentration change. Taken together, A. nidulans can choose different CA to meet their survival needs, which imply that some environmental microbes have evolved different CAs to adapt to changes in CO2 concentration and acquire mineral nutrition so that they can better adapt to environmental changes. Inversely, their adaption may impact mineral weathering and/or CO2 concentration, and even global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional GenomicsJiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for MicrobiologyCollege of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological RemediationYantai Institute of Coastal Zone ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesYantai264003China
| | - Bin Lian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional GenomicsJiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for MicrobiologyCollege of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Cuiling Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional GenomicsJiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for MicrobiologyCollege of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Fanghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological RemediationYantai Institute of Coastal Zone ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesYantai264003China
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43
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Hydrogen Production in the Anaerobic Treatment of Domestic-Grade Synthetic Wastewater. SUSTAINABILITY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/su71215814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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44
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Matsuzaki Y, Wu H, Nakano T, Nakahari T, Sano K. ATP-association to intrabacterial nanotransportation system in Vibrio cholerae. Med Mol Morphol 2015; 48:225-34. [PMID: 25986680 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-015-0105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae colonizes the lumen of the proximal small intestine, which has an alkaline environment, and secretes cholera toxin (CT) through a type II secretion machinery. V. cholerae possesses the intrabacterial nanotransportation system (ibNoTS) for transporting CT from the inner portion toward the peripheral portion of the cytoplasm, and this system is controlled by extrabacterial pH. Association of ATP with ibNoTS has not yet been examined in detail. In this study, we demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy that ibNoTS of V. cholerae under the extrabacterial alkaline condition was inhibited by ATP inhibitors, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), a protonophore, or 8-amino-adenosine which produces inactive form of ATP. The inhibition of CT transport can be reversed by neutralization of DNP. Those inhibitions were associated with decrease of CT secretion by which ibNoTS followed. We propose that ATP closely associates with V. cholerae ibNoTS for transporting CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Matsuzaki
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahari
- Department of Physiology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kouichi Sano
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.
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45
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Laganà P, Caruso G, Mazzù F, Caruso G, Parisi S, Santi Delia A. Brief Notes About Biofilms. SPRINGERBRIEFS IN MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20559-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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46
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47
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Percival SL, McCarty S, Hunt JA, Woods EJ. The effects of pH on wound healing, biofilms, and antimicrobial efficacy. Wound Repair Regen 2014; 22:174-86. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven L. Percival
- Research & Development; Scapa Healthcare; Greater Manchester United Kingdom
- Surface Science Research Centre; University of Liverpool; Liverpool United Kingdom
- Clinical Engineering; United Kingdom Centre for Tissue Engineering; Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease; University of Liverpool; Liverpool United Kingdom
| | - Sara McCarty
- Clinical Engineering; United Kingdom Centre for Tissue Engineering; Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease; University of Liverpool; Liverpool United Kingdom
| | - John A. Hunt
- Clinical Engineering; United Kingdom Centre for Tissue Engineering; Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease; University of Liverpool; Liverpool United Kingdom
| | - Emma J. Woods
- Research & Development; Scapa Healthcare; Greater Manchester United Kingdom
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48
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Kudva IT, Stanton TB, Lippolis JD. The Escherichia coli O157:H7 bovine rumen fluid proteome reflects adaptive bacterial responses. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:48. [PMID: 24559513 PMCID: PMC3936929 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To obtain insights into Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157) survival mechanisms in the bovine rumen, we defined the growth characteristics and proteome of O157 cultured in rumen fluid (RF; pH 6.0-7.2 and low volatile fatty acid content) obtained from rumen-fistulated cattle fed low protein content "maintenance diet" under diverse in vitro conditions. RESULTS Bottom-up proteomics (LC-MS/MS) of whole cell-lysates of O157 cultured under anaerobic conditions in filter-sterilized RF (fRF; devoid of normal ruminal microbiota) and nutrient-depleted and filtered RF (dRF) resulted in an anaerobic O157 fRF-and dRF-proteome comprising 35 proteins functionally associated with cell structure, motility, transport, metabolism and regulation, but interestingly, not with O157 virulence. Shotgun proteomics-based analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation used to further study differential protein expression in unfiltered RF (uRF; RF containing normal rumen microbial flora) complemented these results. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that in the rumen, the first anatomical compartment encountered by this human pathogen within the cattle gastrointestinal tract (GIT), O157 initiates a program of specific gene expression that enables it to adapt to the in vivo environment, and successfully transit to its colonization sites in the bovine GIT. Further experiments in vitro using uRF from animals fed different diets and with additional O157 strains, and in vivo using rumen-fistulated cattle will provide a comprehensive understanding of the adaptive mechanisms involved, and help direct evolution of novel modalities for blocking O157 infection of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira T Kudva
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
| | - Thaddeus B Stanton
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
| | - John D Lippolis
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
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49
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Desriac N, Broussolle V, Postollec F, Mathot AG, Sohier D, Coroller L, Leguerinel I. Bacillus cereus cell response upon exposure to acid environment: toward the identification of potential biomarkers. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:284. [PMID: 24106490 PMCID: PMC3788345 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are able to adapt to different environments and evolve rapidly, allowing them to cope with their new environments. Such adaptive response and associated protections toward other lethal stresses, is a crucial survival strategy for a wide spectrum of microorganisms, including food spoilage bacteria, pathogens, and organisms used in functional food applications. The growing demand for minimal processed food yields to an increasing use of combination of hurdles or mild preservation factors in the food industry. A commonly used hurdle is low pH which allows the decrease in bacterial growth rate but also the inactivation of pathogens or spoilage microorganisms. Bacillus cereus is a well-known food-borne pathogen leading to economical and safety issues in food industry. Because survival mechanisms implemented will allow bacteria to cope with environmental changes, it is important to provide understanding of B. cereus stress response. Thus this review deals with the adaptive traits of B. cereus cells facing to acid stress conditions. The acid stress response of B. cereus could be divided into four groups (i) general stress response (ii) pH homeostasis, (iii) metabolic modifications and alkali production and (iv) secondary oxidative stress response. This current knowledge may be useful to understand how B. cereus cells may cope to acid environment such as encountered in food products and thus to find some molecular biomarkers of the bacterial behavior. These biomarkers could be furthermore used to develop new microbial behavior prediction tools which can provide insights into underlying molecular physiological states which govern the behavior of microorganisms and thus opening the avenue toward the detection of stress adaptive behavior at an early stage and the control of stress-induced resistance throughout the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Desriac
- ADRIA Développement, UMT 08.3 PHYSI’Opt, QuimperFrance
- EA3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, UMT 08.3 PHYSI’Opt, IFR148 ScInBioS, Université de BrestQuimper, France
| | - Véronique Broussolle
- UMR408, Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d’Origine Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueAvignon, France
- UMR408, Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d’Origine Végétale, Université d’Avignon et des Pays de VaucluseAvignon, France
| | | | - Anne-Gabrielle Mathot
- EA3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, UMT 08.3 PHYSI’Opt, IFR148 ScInBioS, Université de BrestQuimper, France
| | | | - Louis Coroller
- EA3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, UMT 08.3 PHYSI’Opt, IFR148 ScInBioS, Université de BrestQuimper, France
| | - Ivan Leguerinel
- EA3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, UMT 08.3 PHYSI’Opt, IFR148 ScInBioS, Université de BrestQuimper, France
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50
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Rathor N, Chandolia A, Saini NK, Sinha R, Pathak R, Garima K, Singh S, Varma-Basil M, Bose M. An insight into the regulation of mce4 operon of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2013; 93:389-97. [PMID: 23622789 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The mce4 operon is reported to be involved in cholesterol utilization and intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). The regulatory mechanism of this important operon was unknown so far. Here we report detection of the promoter region and regulatory factors of the mce4 operon. The in silico analyzed putative promoter region was cloned in promoter selection vector and promoter strength was measured by O-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranosidase (ONPG) assay. The transcription start site was determined by 5' Rapid amplification of C terminal end (5'RACE). Surface stress, hypoxia and presence of cholesterol, were found to be stimulatory for mce4 operon promoter induction. Pull down assay coupled with 2D gel electrophoresis resolved many proteins; few prominent spots were processed for identification. MALDI TOF-TOF identified proteins of M. tuberculosis which supported the regulatory function of the identified promoter region and cholesterol utilization of mce4 operon. Since mce4 operon is involved in cholesterol utilization and intracellular survival of M. tuberculosis in the later phase of infection, identification of the promoter sequence as reported in the present communication may facilitate development of effective inhibitors to regulate expression of mce4 operon which may prove to be a good drug target to prevent latency in tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Rathor
- Department of Microbiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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