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Li Y, Yan F, Xiang J, Wang W, Xie K, Luo L. Identification and experimental validation of immune-related gene PPARG is involved in ulcerative colitis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167300. [PMID: 38880160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis (UC) is believed to be heavily influenced by immunology, which presents challenges for both diagnosis and treatment. The main aims of this study are to deepen our understanding of the immunological characteristics associated with the disease and to identify valuable biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. METHODS The UC datasets were sourced from the GEO database and were analyzed using unsupervised clustering to identify different subtypes of UC. Twelve machine learning algorithms and Deep learning model DNN were developed to identify potential UC biomarkers, with the LIME and SHAP methods used to explain the models' findings. PPI network is used to verify the identified key biomarkers, and then a network connecting super enhancers, transcription factors and genes is constructed. Single-cell sequencing technology was utilized to investigate the role of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) in UC and its correlation with macrophage infiltration. Furthermore, alterations in PPARG expression were validated through Western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULT By utilizing bioinformatics techniques, we were able to pinpoint PPARG as a key biomarker for UC. The expression of PPARG was significantly reduced in cell models, UC animal models, and colitis models induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Interestingly, overexpression of PPARG was able to restore intestinal barrier function in H2O2-induced IEC-6 cells. Additionally, immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) allowed for efficient classification of UC samples into neutrophil and mitochondrial metabolic subtypes. A diagnostic model incorporating the three disease-specific genes PPARG, PLA2G2A, and IDO1 demonstrated high accuracy in distinguishing between the UC group and the control group. Furthermore, single-cell analysis revealed that decreased PPARG expression in colon tissue may contribute to the polarization of M1 macrophages through activation of inflammatory pathways. CONCLUSION In conclusion, PPARG, a gene related to immunity, has been established as a reliable potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of UC. The immune response it controls plays a key role in the progression and development of UC by enabling interaction between characteristic biomarkers and immune infiltrating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangfang Yan
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Xiang
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China
| | - Kangping Xie
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China.
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Zeng Q, Zeng L, Yu X, Yuan X, Ma W, Song Z, Chen D. Clinical value of prokineticin 2 in the diagnosis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Biomarkers 2024; 29:361-367. [PMID: 39141663 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2024.2393342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory and necrotizing intestinal emergency that occurs in preterm infants and low birth weight newborns; however, no specific serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of NEC has been identified so far. METHODS Serum samples were collected from healthy neonatal controls and patients with NEC newly admitted to the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. ELISA was used to measure serum PK2 levels, and ROC curve analysis was sued to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of PK2 and other clinical biomarkers. RESULTS Serum PK2 levels in the NEC group (n = 53) were significantly lower than those in the control group (n = 18), but increased to near-normal levels after the postoperative recovery period. The NLR value of NEC group was higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in WBC and PLT count between NEC group and control group (P > 0.05). Serum CRP and PCT levels in NEC group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.001 for CRP and P < 0.05 for PCT, respectively). After surgery, serum CRP, NLR and PCT levels were lower than before surgery, while serum PK2 levels were higher than before surgery (P < 0.05). The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of PK2, PCT and CRP for the diagnosis of NEC were 0.837, 0.662 and 0.552, respectively. The AUC of PK2 combined with PCT, PK2 combined with CRP, and PK2 combined with PCT and CRP were 0.908, 0.854 and 0.981, respectively. PK2 exhibited the highest diagnostic efficacy for NEC. CONCLUSION PK2 has higher diagnostic efficacy than PCT and CRP in the diagnosis of NEC; the combination of PK2 and PCT or CRP can significantly improve its diagnostic efficiency, especially when the three are combined at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhixin Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
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Bellini G, Rettura F, Palermo G, Ippolito C, Segnani C, Pierucci C, Fontanelli L, Frosini D, Nardini V, Lambiase C, Bernardini N, Pellegrini C, Ceravolo R. Prokineticin-2 Is Highly Expressed in Colonic Mucosa of Early Parkinson's Disease Patients. Mov Disord 2024. [PMID: 39051733 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated levels of prokineticin-2 (PK2), regarded as a protein involved in modulating immune/inflammatory responses, have been detected in the substantia nigra, serum, and olfactory neurons of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Of note, emerging evidence suggests that gut alterations, including dysbiosis and enteric inflammation, play a role in PD via the gut-brain axis. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to investigate the expression of PK2 in colonic biopsies of PD patients. METHODS Mucosal biopsies from the descending colon were obtained in 11 PD patients and five asymptomatic subjects. Biopsy samples were processed for PK2 immunofluorescence and western blot. RESULTS We revealed an increased PK2 expression in colonic mucosa from PD patients in the early stages compared to controls. In addition, we found that PK2 was expressed by activated enteric glial cells and macrophages. CONCLUSIONS PK2 is highly expressed within neurogenic/inflammatory cells of colonic mucosa from early PD patients, suggesting a potential role of PK2 in gut inflammation, especially in the early stages of PD. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bellini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Neurology, the Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Francesco Rettura
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palermo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Segnani
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clarissa Pierucci
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fontanelli
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Frosini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, AOUP, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nardini
- Anatomia Patologica 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Christian Lambiase
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, AOUP, Pisa, Italy
- Anatomia Patologica 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Velissari R, Ilieva M, Dao J, Miller HE, Madsen JH, Gorodkin J, Aikawa M, Ishii H, Uchida S. Systematic analysis and characterization of long non-coding RNA genes in inflammatory bowel disease. Brief Funct Genomics 2024; 23:395-405. [PMID: 37791426 PMCID: PMC11260263 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are increasing rapidly around the world. Due to the multifactorial causes of IBD, there is an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis of IBD. As such, the usage of high-throughput techniques to profile genetic mutations, microbiome environments, transcriptome and proteome (e.g. lipidome) is increasing to understand the molecular changes associated with IBD, including two major etiologies of IBD: Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). In the case of transcriptome data, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technique is used frequently. However, only protein-coding genes are analyzed, leaving behind all other RNAs, including non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) to be unexplored. Among these ncRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may hold keys to understand the pathogenesis of IBD as lncRNAs are expressed in a cell/tissue-specific manner and dysregulated in a disease, such as IBD. However, it is rare that RNA-seq data are analyzed for lncRNAs. To fill this gap in knowledge, we re-analyzed RNA-seq data of CD and UC patients compared with the healthy donors to dissect the expression profiles of lncRNA genes. As inflammation plays key roles in the pathogenesis of IBD, we conducted loss-of-function experiments to provide functional data of IBD-specific lncRNA, lung cancer associated transcript 1 (LUCAT1), in an in vitro model of macrophage polarization. To further facilitate the lncRNA research in IBD, we built a web database, IBDB (https://ibd-db.shinyapps.io/IBDB/), to provide a one-stop-shop for expression profiling of protein-coding and lncRNA genes in IBD patients compared with healthy donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Velissari
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Bioinformatics Research Network, Atlanta, GA 30317, USA
| | - Mirolyuba Ilieva
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, DK-2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark
| | - James Dao
- Bioinformatics Research Network, Atlanta, GA 30317, USA
| | | | - Jens Hedelund Madsen
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, DK-2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark
| | - Jan Gorodkin
- Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Cardiovascular Division, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, DK-2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark
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Yuan YY, Wu H, Chen QY, Fan H, Shuai B. Construction of the underlying circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network and a new diagnostic model in ulcerative colitis by bioinformatics analysis. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:1606-1621. [PMID: 38576737 PMCID: PMC10989427 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i9.1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases through competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory mechanisms. AIM To investigate a circRNA-related ceRNA regulatory network and a new predictive model by circRNA to understand the diagnostic mechanism of circRNAs in ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS We obtained gene expression profiles of circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs in UC from the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed based on circRNA-miRNA and miRNA-mRNA interactions. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to identify the biological mechanisms involved in circRNAs. We identified the most relevant differential circRNAs for diagnosing UC and constructed a new predictive nomogram, whose efficacy was tested with the C-index, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was obtained, containing 12 circRNAs, three miRNAs, and 38 mRNAs. Two optimal prognostic-related differentially expressed circRNAs, hsa_circ_0085323 and hsa_circ_0036906, were included to construct a predictive nomogram. The model showed good discrimination, with a C-index of 1(> 0.9, high accuracy). ROC and DCA suggested that the nomogram had a beneficial diagnostic ability. CONCLUSION This novel predictive nomogram incorporating hsa_circ_0085323 and hsa_circ_0036906 can be conveniently used to predict the risk of UC. The circRNa-miRNA-mRNA network in UC could be more clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yi Yuan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qian-Yun Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bo Shuai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
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Amodeo G, Franchi S, Galimberti G, Riboldi B, Sacerdote P. The Prokineticin System in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Clinical and Preclinical Overview. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2985. [PMID: 38001985 PMCID: PMC10669895 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), which are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. IBDs clinical manifestations are heterogeneous and characterized by a chronic relapsing-remitting course. Typical gastrointestinal signs and symptoms include diarrhea, GI bleeding, weight loss, and abdominal pain. Moreover, the presence of pain often manifests in the remitting disease phase. As a result, patients report a further reduction in life quality. Despite the scientific advances implemented in the last two decades and the therapies aimed at inducing or maintaining IBDs in a remissive condition, to date, their pathophysiology still remains unknown. In this scenario, the importance of identifying a common and effective therapeutic target for both digestive symptoms and pain remains a priority. Recent clinical and preclinical studies have reported the prokineticin system (PKS) as an emerging therapeutic target for IBDs. PKS alterations are likely to play a role in IBDs at multiple levels, such as in intestinal motility, local inflammation, ulceration processes, localized abdominal and visceral pain, as well as central nervous system sensitization, leading to the development of chronic and widespread pain. This narrative review summarized the evidence about the involvement of the PKS in IBD and discussed its potential as a druggable target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Amodeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari “Rodolfo Paoletti”, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy; (S.F.); (G.G.); (B.R.); (P.S.)
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7
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Vincenzi M, Kremić A, Jouve A, Lattanzi R, Miele R, Benharouga M, Alfaidy N, Migrenne-Li S, Kanthasamy AG, Porcionatto M, Ferrara N, Tetko IV, Désaubry L, Nebigil CG. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Prokineticin Receptors in Diseases. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1167-1199. [PMID: 37684054 PMCID: PMC10595023 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The prokineticins (PKs) were discovered approximately 20 years ago as small peptides inducing gut contractility. Today, they are established as angiogenic, anorectic, and proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, hormones, and neuropeptides involved in variety of physiologic and pathophysiological pathways. Their altered expression or mutations implicated in several diseases make them a potential biomarker. Their G-protein coupled receptors, PKR1 and PKR2, have divergent roles that can be therapeutic target for treatment of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neural diseases as well as pain and cancer. This article reviews and summarizes our current knowledge of PK family functions from development of heart and brain to regulation of homeostasis in health and diseases. Finally, the review summarizes the established roles of the endogenous peptides, synthetic peptides and the selective ligands of PKR1 and PKR2, and nonpeptide orthostatic and allosteric modulator of the receptors in preclinical disease models. The present review emphasizes the ambiguous aspects and gaps in our knowledge of functions of PKR ligands and elucidates future perspectives for PK research. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review provides an in-depth view of the prokineticin family and PK receptors that can be active without their endogenous ligand and exhibits "constitutive" activity in diseases. Their non- peptide ligands display promising effects in several preclinical disease models. PKs can be the diagnostic biomarker of several diseases. A thorough understanding of the role of prokineticin family and their receptor types in health and diseases is critical to develop novel therapeutic strategies with safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vincenzi
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Amin Kremić
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Appoline Jouve
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Rossella Miele
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Mohamed Benharouga
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Nadia Alfaidy
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Stephanie Migrenne-Li
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Marimelia Porcionatto
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Igor V Tetko
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Laurent Désaubry
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Canan G Nebigil
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
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8
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Giada A, Giulia G, Paola S, Silvia F. Characterization of prokineticin system in Crohn's disease pathophysiology and pain, and its modulation by alcohol abuse: A preclinical study. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166791. [PMID: 37336367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease-(CD) pathogenesis is still unknown and chronic pain is a frequent symptom in CD-patients. Identifying novel therapeutic targets and predisposing factors is a primary goal. In this regard, prokineticin system-(PKS) appears a promising target. AIMS AND METHODS TNBS-model was used. DAI, abdominal and visceral pain, and muscle strength were monitored. CD-mice were sacrificed at two times (day 7 and 14 after TNBS) in order to identify PKS involvement in CD pathophysiology and pain. PKS characterization was performed in mesenteric lymph nodes-(MLN), colon, myenteric plexus-(MP), dorsal root ganglia-(DRGs) and spinal cord-(SC). Inflammation/neuroinflammation was also assessed in the same tissues. In order to evaluate alcohol abuse as a possible trigger for CD and its effect on PKS activation, naïve mice were administered (oral-gavage) with ethanol for 10 consecutive days. PKS as well as inflammation/neuroinflammation were evaluated in MLN, colon and MP. RESULTS TNBS treated-mice showed a rapid increase in DAI, abdominal/visceral hypersensitivity and a progressive strength loss. In all tissue analysed of CD-mice, a quick and significant increase of mRNA of PKs and PKRs was observed, associated with an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα) and macrophage/glia markers (iba1, CD11b and GFAP) levels. In alcohol abuse model, ethanol induced in colon and MP a significant PKS activation accompanied by inflammation/neuroinflammation. CONCLUSIONS We can assume that PKS may be involved in CD development and pain. Furthermore, alcohol appears to activate PKS and may be a trigger factor for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amodeo Giada
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy.
| | - Galimberti Giulia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Sacerdote Paola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Franchi Silvia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
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9
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Chen ZA, Ma HH, Wang Y, Tian H, Mi JW, Yao DM, Yang CJ. Integrated multiple microarray studies by robust rank aggregation to identify immune-associated biomarkers in Crohn's disease based on three machine learning methods. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2694. [PMID: 36792688 PMCID: PMC9931764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a complex autoimmune disorder presumed to be driven by complex interactions of genetic, immune, microbial and even environmental factors. Intrinsic molecular mechanisms in CD, however, remain poorly understood. The identification of novel biomarkers in CD cases based on larger samples through machine learning approaches may inform the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on all CD datasets of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO); our team then used the robust rank aggregation (RRA) method to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between controls and CD patients. PPI (protein‒protein interaction) network and functional enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the potential functions of the DEGs, with molecular complex detection (MCODE) identifying some important functional modules from the PPI network. Three machine learning algorithms, support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), random forest (RF), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), were applied to determine characteristic genes, which were verified by ROC curve analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) using clinical samples. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to establish a machine learning score for diagnosis. Single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) was performed to examine the correlation between immune infiltration and biomarkers. In total, 5 datasets met the inclusion criteria: GSE75214, GSE95095, GSE126124, GSE179285, and GSE186582. Based on RRA integrated analysis, 203 significant DEGs were identified (120 upregulated genes and 83 downregulated genes), and MCODE revealed some important functional modules in the PPI network. Machine learning identified LCN2, REG1A, AQP9, CCL2, GIP, PROK2, DEFA5, CXCL9, and NAMPT; AQP9, PROK2, LCN2, and NAMPT were further verified by ROC curves and IHC in the external cohort. The final machine learning score was defined as [Expression level of AQP9 × (2.644)] + [Expression level of LCN2 × (0.958)] + [Expression level of NAMPT × (1.115)]. ssGSEA showed markedly elevated levels of dendritic cells and innate immune cells, such as macrophages and NK cells, in CD, consistent with the gene enrichment results that the DEGs are mainly involved in the IL-17 signaling pathway and humoral immune response. The selected biomarkers analyzed by the RRA method and machine learning are highly reliable. These findings improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of CD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-An Chen
- grid.452702.60000 0004 1804 3009Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China ,Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China
| | - Hui-hui Ma
- grid.452702.60000 0004 1804 3009Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China ,Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China
| | - Yan Wang
- grid.452702.60000 0004 1804 3009Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China ,Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China
| | - Hui Tian
- grid.452702.60000 0004 1804 3009Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China ,Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China
| | - Jian-wei Mi
- grid.452702.60000 0004 1804 3009Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China ,Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China
| | - Dong-Mei Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China. .,Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
| | - Chuan-Jie Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China. .,Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
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Zhang C, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Song Z, Bian J, Yi H, Ma Z. Identifying neutrophil-associated subtypes in ulcerative colitis and confirming neutrophils promote colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1095098. [PMID: 36845139 PMCID: PMC9950623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1095098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestinal mucosa, the incidence of which has increased worldwide. There is still a lack of clear understanding of the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis that ultimately leads to colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Method We download UC transcriptome data from the GEO database and pass the limma package in order to identify differentially expressed genes. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to identify potential biological pathways. We identified immune cells associated with UC by CIBERSORT and Weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). We used validation cohorts and mouse models to verify the expression of the hub genes and the role of neutrophils. Result We identified 65 differentially expressed genes in UC samples and healthy controls. GSEA, KEGG, and GO analyses displayed that DEGs were enriched in immune-related pathways. CIBERSORT analysis revealed increased infiltration of neutrophils in UC tissues. The red module, obtained by WGCNA analysis, was considered to be the most relevant module for neutrophils.Based on neutrophil-associated differentially expressed genes, UC patients were classified into two subtypes of neutrophil infiltration. We discovered that the highly neutrophil-infiltrated subtype B of UC patients had a higher risk of developing CAC. Five genes were identified as biomarkers by searching for DEGs between distinct subtypes. Finally, using the mouse model, we determined the expression of these five genes in the control, DSS, and AOM/DSS groups. The degree of neutrophil infiltration in mice and the percentage of MPO and pSTAT3 expression in neutrophils were analyzed by flow cytometry. In the AOM/DSS model, MPO and pSTAT3 expressions were significantly increased. Conclusions These findings suggested neutrophils might promote the conversion of UC into CAC. These findings improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of CAC and provide new and more effective insights into the prevention and treatment of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Colorectal & Anal Surgery Department, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- Colorectal & Anal Surgery Department, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Central Laboratory, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Echocardiography Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zian Song
- Colorectal & Anal Surgery Department, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Bian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huanfa Yi
- Central Laboratory, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhanchuan Ma
- Central Laboratory, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Maftei D, Schirinzi T, Mercuri NB, Lattanzi R, Severini C. Potential Clinical Role of Prokineticin 2 (PK2) in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2019-2023. [PMID: 35410604 PMCID: PMC9886845 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220411084612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the immune system in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) has become clear in recent decades, as evidenced by the presence of activated microglia and astrocytes and numerous soluble mediators in the brain and peripheral tissues of affected patients. Among inflammatory mediators, chemokines play a central role in neuroinflammation due to their dual function as chemoattractants for immune cells and molecular messengers in crosstalk among CNS-resident cells. The chemokine Bv8/Prokineticin 2 (PK2) has recently emerged as an important player in many age-related and chronic diseases that are either neurodegenerative or systemic. In this perspective paper, we briefly discuss the role that PK2 and its cognate receptors play in AD and PD animal models and in patients. Given the apparent changes in PK2 blood levels in both AD and PD patients, the potential clinical value of PK2 either as a disease biomarker or as a therapeutic target for these disorders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maftei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; ,These authors contributed equally to the work.
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; ,These authors contributed equally to the work.
| | - Nicola B. Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; ,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; ,These authors contributed equally to the work.
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Italy,Address correspondence to this author at the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; Tel: +39-6-49976742; E-mail:
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12
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Tu Q, Yu X, Xie W, Luo Y, Tang H, Chen K, Ruan Y, Li Y, Zhou J, Yin Y, Chen D, Song Z. Prokineticin 2 promotes macrophages-mediated antibacterial host defense against bacterial pneumonia. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 125:103-113. [PMID: 36241161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bacterial pneumonia is a common serious infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality. Prokineticin 2 (PK2) has recently been identified as a novel immunomodulator in a variety of diseases; however, its role in bacterial pneumonia remains unclear. METHODS The levels of PK2 were measured and analyzed in patients with pneumonia and healthy controls. The effects of PK2 on the host response to pneumonia were evaluated by in vivo animal experiments and in vitro cell experiments. RESULTS PK2 levels dramatically decreased in patients with pneumonia compared with healthy controls, and PK2 levels were lower in patients with severe pneumonia than in pneumonia. In a mouse model of bacterial pneumonia, transtracheal administration of recombinant PK2 significantly alleviated lung injury and improved the survival, which was associated with increased host's bacterial clearance capacity, as manifested by decreased pulmonary bacterial loads. PK2 enhanced the chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and killing ability of macrophages, whereas the protective efficacy of PK2 was abolished after macrophage depletion. CONCLUSION Impaired alveolar macrophage function caused by decreased PK2 is a new endogenous cause of the occurrence and development of bacterial pneumonia. The administration of recombinant PK2 may be a potential adjuvant therapy for bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Tu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yetao Luo
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Control, Second affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanting Ruan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhixin Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Lattanzi R, Miele R. Versatile Role of Prokineticins and Prokineticin Receptors in Neuroinflammation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1648. [PMID: 34829877 PMCID: PMC8615546 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prokineticins are a new class of chemokine-like peptides involved in a wide range of biological and pathological activities. In particular, prokineticin 2 (PK2), prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1) and prokineticin receptor 2 (PKR2) play a central role in modulating neuroinflammatory processes. PK2 and PKRs, which are physiologically expressed at very low levels, are strongly upregulated during inflammation and regulate neuronal-glial interaction. PKR2 is mainly overexpressed in neurons, whereas PKR1 and PK2 are mainly overexpressed in astrocytes. Once PK2 is released in inflamed tissue, it is involved in both innate and adaptive responses: it triggers macrophage recruitment, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduction of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, it modulates the function of T cells through the activation of PKR1 and directs them towards a pro-inflammatory Th1 phenotype. Since the prokineticin system appears to be upregulated following a series of pathological insults leading to neuroinflammation, we will focus here on the involvement of PK2 and PKRs in those pathologies that have a strong underlying inflammatory component, such as: inflammatory and neuropathic pain, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, obesity, diabetes, and gastrointestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Miele
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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Delen O, Uz YH. Protective effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate against methotrexate-induced testicular damage. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S164-S177. [PMID: 34340576 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211035674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) against methotrexate (MTX)-induced testicular damage in rats. Forty Wistar albino male rats were divided into equally four groups: Control group (saline solution, IP), PDTC group (100 mg/kg PDTC,IP, 10 days), MTX group (20 mg/kg MTX, IP, single dose, on the 6th day) and MTX + PDTC group (100 mg/kg PDTC, IP, 10 days and 20 mg/kg MTX, IP, single dose, on the 6th day). After 10 days, testicular tissues were excised for morphometric, histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. Serum testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and prokineticin 2 (PK2) levels were determined. Body and testicular weights were measured. Testicular damage was assessed by histological evaluation. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB), nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and PK2 immunoreactivities were evaluated by HSCORE. Body and testicular weights, serum FSH, LH, testosterone levels, seminiferous tubule diameter and germinal epithelial thickness were significantly decreased in the MTX group. However, serum PK2 level, histologically damaged seminiferous tubules and interstitial field width were significantly increased. Additionally, there was an increase in NFkB and PK2 immunoreactivity, whereas there was a significant decrease in Nrf2 immunoreactivity. PDTC significantly improved hormonal, morphometric, histological and immunohistochemical findings. Taken together, we conclude that PDTC may reduce MTX-induced testicular damage via NFkB, Nrf2 and PK2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Delen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, 64058Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Yesim H Uz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, 64058Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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Jiang L, Chu H, Gao B, Lang S, Wang Y, Duan Y, Schnabl B. Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies Novel Hepatic and Intestinal Genes Following Chronic Plus Binge Ethanol Feeding in Mice. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:3592-3604. [PMID: 32671585 PMCID: PMC7669632 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease accounts for half of cirrhosis-related deaths worldwide. The spectrum of disease varies from simple steatosis to fibrosis, cirrhosis and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma. Understanding the disease on a molecular level helps us to develop therapeutic targets. AIM We performed transcriptomic analysis in liver and ileum from chronic plus binge ethanol-fed mice, and we assessed the role of selected differentially expressed genes and their association with serum bile acids and gut microbiota. METHODS Wild-type mice were subjected to a chronic Lieber-DeCarli diet model for 8 weeks followed by one binge of ethanol. RNA-seq analysis was performed on liver and ileum samples. Associations between selected differentially regulated genes and serum bile acid profile or fecal bacterial profiling (16S rDNA sequencing) were investigated. RESULTS We provide a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis to identify differentially expressed genes, KEGG pathways, and gene ontology functions in liver and ileum from chronic plus binge ethanol-fed mice. In liver, we identified solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1a1 (Slco1a1; encoding for organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP) 1A1), as the most down-regulated mRNA, and it is negatively correlated with serum cholic acid level. Prokineticin 2 (Prok2) mRNA, a cytokine-like molecule associated with gastrointestinal tract inflammation, was significantly down-regulated in ethanol-fed mice. Prok2 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with abundance of Allobaculum (genus), Coprococcus (genus), Lachnospiraceae (family), Lactococcus (genus), and Cobriobacteriaceae (family), while it positively correlated with Bacteroides (genus). CONCLUSIONS RNA-seq analysis revealed unique transcriptomic signatures in the liver and intestine following chronic plus binge ethanol feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sonja Lang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yanhan Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yi Duan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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Li X, Lee EJ, Gawel DR, Lilja S, Schäfer S, Zhang H, Benson M. Meta-Analysis of Expression Profiling Data Indicates Need for Combinatorial Biomarkers in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8279619. [PMID: 32411805 PMCID: PMC7204128 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8279619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unbiased studies using different genome-wide methods have identified a great number of candidate biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment response in pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC). However, clinical translation has been proven difficult. Here, we hypothesized that one reason could be differences between inflammatory responses in an inflamed gut and in peripheral blood cells. METHODS We performed meta-analysis of gene expression microarray data from intestinal biopsies and whole blood cells (WBC) from pediatric patients with UC and healthy controls in order to identify overlapping pathways, predicted upstream regulators, and potential biomarkers. RESULTS Analyses of profiling datasets from colonic biopsies showed good agreement between different studies regarding pathways and predicted upstream regulators. The most activated predicted upstream regulators included TNF, which is known to have a key pathogenic and therapeutic role in pediatric UC. Despite this, the expression levels of TNF were increased in neither colonic biopsies nor WBC. A potential explanation was increased expression of TNFR2, one of the membrane-bound receptors of TNF in the inflamed colon. Further analyses showed a similar pattern of complex relations between the expression levels of the regulators and their receptors. We also found limited overlap between pathways and predicted upstream regulators in colonic biopsies and WBC. An extended search including all differentially expressed genes that overlapped between colonic biopsies and WBC only resulted in identification of three potential biomarkers involved in the regulation of intestinal inflammation. However, two had been previously proposed in adult inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), namely, MMP9 and PROK2. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that biomarker identification in pediatric UC is complicated by the involvement of multiple pathways, each of which includes many different types of genes in the blood or inflamed intestine. Therefore, further studies for identification of combinatorial biomarkers are warranted. Our study may provide candidate biomarkers for such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiu Li
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Danuta R. Gawel
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sandra Lilja
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Samuel Schäfer
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Huan Zhang
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Crown Princess Victoria Children's Hospital, Linköping University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Mikael Benson
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Crown Princess Victoria Children's Hospital, Linköping University Hospital, Sweden
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Neal M, Luo J, Harischandra DS, Gordon R, Sarkar S, Jin H, Anantharam V, Désaubry L, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy A. Prokineticin-2 promotes chemotaxis and alternative A2 reactivity of astrocytes. Glia 2018; 66:2137-2157. [PMID: 30277602 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Astrocyte reactivity is disease- and stimulus-dependent, adopting either a proinflammatory A1 phenotype or a protective, anti-inflammatory A2 phenotype. Recently, we demonstrated, using cell culture, animal models and human brain samples, that dopaminergic neurons produce and secrete higher levels of the chemokine-like signaling protein Prokineticin-2 (PK2) as a compensatory protective response against neurotoxic stress. As astrocytes express a high level of PK2 receptors, herein, we systematically characterize the role of PK2 in astrocyte structural and functional properties. PK2 treatment greatly induced astrocyte migration, which was accompanied by a shift in mitochondrial energy metabolism, a reduction in proinflammatory factors, and an increase in the antioxidant genes Arginase-1 and Nrf2. Overexpression of PK2 in primary astrocytes or in the in vivo mouse brain induced the A2 astrocytic phenotype with upregulation of key protective genes and A2 reactivity markers including Arginase-1 and Nrf2, PTX3, SPHK1, and TM4SF1. A small-molecule PK2 agonist, IS20, not only mimicked the protective effect of PK2 in primary cultures, but also increased glutamate uptake by upregulating GLAST. Notably, IS20 blocked not only MPTP-induced reductions in the A2 phenotypic markers SPHK1 and SCL10a6 but also elevation of the of A1 marker GBP2. Collectively, our results reveal that PK2 regulates a novel neuron-astrocyte signaling mechanism by promoting an alternative A2 protective phenotype in astrocytes, which could be exploited for development of novel therapeutic strategies for PD and other related chronic neurodegenerative diseases. PK2 signals through its receptors on astrocytes and promotes directed chemotaxis. PK2-induced astrocyte reactivity leads to an increase in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory proteins while increasing glutamate uptake, along with decreased inflammatory factors. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Neal
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011
| | - Jie Luo
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011
| | - Dilshan S Harischandra
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011
| | - Richard Gordon
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011
| | - Souvarish Sarkar
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011
| | - Huajun Jin
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011
| | - Laurent Désaubry
- Therapeutic Innovation Laboratory (UMR7200), CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Anumantha Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011
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Li Y, Wang J, Yu L, Zhao K, Chen B, Li C, Yang F, Yuan H, Zhang H. Effects of prokineticin 2 on testicular inflammation in rats. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29516577 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Prokineticin 2 (PK2), a pro-inflammatory peptide, is highly expressed in primary spermatocytes. However, systematic research on PK2 and testicular inflammation is lacking to date. METHOD OF STUDY An experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) model was established to detect the expression of PK2 and its receptor (prokineticin receptor 1, PKR1) 50 and 80 days after immunization. PK2 siRNA sequence was injected into the rat rete testis to downregulate the expression of PK2. PK2 was over-expressed in the testis by injecting PK2 protein through the rat rete testis at different concentrations. Testicular morphology and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected after the intervention. RESULTS Results showed that PK2 and PKR1 were upregulated in EAO at 50 days and downregulated at 80 days. PK2 over-expression contributed to the apoptosis of spermatogenic epithelial cells and increased infiltration of the inflammatory cells, whereas PK2 under-expression showed no change. Furthermore, iNOS expression was increased significantly when PK2 was over-expressed. CONCLUSION This finding demonstrated that the PK2/PKR1 signals may have an essential role in the regulation of testicular inflammation through iNOS. PK2 interference may represent a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for the clinical management of orchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Institute of Family Planning Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Guangxi Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Institute of Family Planning Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Biao Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Medical College, Huangzhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuiling Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hongfang Yuan
- Institute of Family Planning Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Institute of Family Planning Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Han L, Maciejewski M, Brockel C, Afzelius L, Altman RB. Mendelian Disease Associations Reveal Novel Insights into Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:471-481. [PMID: 29462399 PMCID: PMC6037048 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izx087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Monogenic diseases have been shown to contribute to complex disease risk and may hold new insights into the underlying biological mechanism of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Methods We analyzed Mendelian disease associations with IBD using over 55 million patients from the Optum's deidentified electronic health records dataset database. Using the significant Mendelian diseases, we performed pathway enrichment analysis and constructed a model using gene expression datasets to differentiate Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and healthy patient samples. Results We found 50 Mendelian diseases were significantly associated with IBD, with 40 being significantly associated with both CD and UC. Our results for CD replicated those from previous studies. Pathways that were enriched consisted of mainly immune and metabolic processes with a focus on tolerance and oxidative stress. Our 3-way classifier for UC, CD, and healthy samples yielded an accuracy of 72%. Conclusions Mendelian diseases that are significantly associated with IBD may reveal novel insights into the genetic architecture of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichy Han
- Biomedical Informatics Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | | | | | - Russ B Altman
- Biomedical Informatics Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, Johnson AC. Stress-Induced Chronic Visceral Pain of Gastrointestinal Origin. Front Syst Neurosci 2017; 11:86. [PMID: 29213232 PMCID: PMC5702626 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral pain is generally poorly localized and characterized by hypersensitivity to a stimulus such as organ distension. In concert with chronic visceral pain, there is a high comorbidity with stress-related psychiatric disorders including anxiety and depression. The mechanisms linking visceral pain with these overlapping comorbidities remain to be elucidated. Evidence suggests that long term stress facilitates pain perception and sensitizes pain pathways, leading to a feed-forward cycle promoting chronic visceral pain disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Early life stress (ELS) is a risk-factor for the development of IBS, however the mechanisms responsible for the persistent effects of ELS on visceral perception in adulthood remain incompletely understood. In rodent models, stress in adult animals induced by restraint and water avoidance has been employed to investigate the mechanisms of stress-induce pain. ELS models such as maternal separation, limited nesting, or odor-shock conditioning, which attempt to model early childhood experiences such as neglect, poverty, or an abusive caregiver, can produce chronic, sexually dimorphic increases in visceral sensitivity in adulthood. Chronic visceral pain is a classic example of gene × environment interaction which results from maladaptive changes in neuronal circuitry leading to neuroplasticity and aberrant neuronal activity-induced signaling. One potential mechanism underlying the persistent effects of stress on visceral sensitivity could be epigenetic modulation of gene expression. While there are relatively few studies examining epigenetically mediated mechanisms involved in visceral nociception, stress-induced visceral pain has been linked to alterations in DNA methylation and histone acetylation patterns within the brain, leading to increased expression of pro-nociceptive neurotransmitters. This review will discuss the potential neuronal pathways and mechanisms responsible for stress-induced exacerbation of chronic visceral pain. Additionally, we will review the importance of specific experimental models of adult stress and ELS in enhancing our understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms of pain processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Abstract
Preclinical research remains an important tool for discovery and validation of novel therapeutics for gastrointestinal disorders. While in vitro assays can be used to verify receptor-ligand interactions and test for structural activity of new compounds, only whole-animal studies can demonstrate drug efficacy within the gastrointestinal system. Most major gastrointestinal disorders have been modeled in animals; however the translational relevance of each model is not equal. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a critical evaluation of common animal models that are being used to develop pharmaceuticals for gastrointestinal disorders. For brevity, the models are presented for upper gastrointestinal disorders involving the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine and lower gastrointestinal disorders that focus on the colon. Particular emphasis is used to explain the face and construct validity of each model, and the limitations of each model, including data interpretation, are highlighted. This chapter does not evaluate models that rely on surgical or other non-pharmacological interventions for treatment.
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Zinni M, Zuena AR, Marconi V, Petrella C, Fusco I, Giuli C, Canu N, Severini C, Broccardo M, Theodorou V, Lattanzi R, Casolini P. Maternal exposure to low levels of corticosterone during lactation protects adult rat progeny against TNBS-induced colitis: A study on GR-mediated anti-inflammatory effect and prokineticin system. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173484. [PMID: 28267767 PMCID: PMC5340375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The early phase of life represents a critical period for the development of an organism. Interestingly, early life experiences are able to influence the development of the gastrointestinal tract and the reactivity to colonic inflammatory stress. We recently demonstrated that adult male rats exposed to low doses of corticosterone during lactation (CORT-nursed rats) are protected against experimental colitis induced by the intracolonic infusion of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). Based on these interesting results, we wanted to better investigate which cellular actors could be involved in the protection of CORT-nursed rats from TNBS-induced experimental colitis. Therefore, in the present work, we focused our attention on different factors implicated in GR-mediated anti-inflammatory effect. To address this issue, colonic tissues, collected from control and CORT-nursed healthy animals and from control and CORT-nursed colitic rats, were processed and the following inflammatory factors were evaluated: the expression of (i) glucocorticoid receptors (GR), (ii) glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), (iii) phospho-p65NF-κB, (iv) the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, (v) the prokineticins PK2 and PK2L and (vi) their receptors PKR1 and PKR2. We found that adult CORT-nursed rats, in comparison to controls, showed increased expression of colonic GR and reduced expression of pro-inflammatory molecules (IL-1β, TNF-α, PK2 and PK2L) in response to inflammatory colitis. The observed changes were associated with an increase in GILZ colonic expression and with a reduction in phospo-p65NF-κB colonic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Zinni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Zuena
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Marconi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fusco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Giuli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Canu
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Rome, Italy
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Broccardo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vassilia Theodorou
- INRA, EI-Purpan, UMR 1331 TOXALIM Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Team, Toulouse, France
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Casolini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Chen B, Yu L, Wang J, Li C, Zhao K, Zhang H. Involvement of Prokineticin 2 and Prokineticin Receptor 1 in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Testitis in Rats. Inflammation 2017; 39:534-42. [PMID: 26490969 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prokineticin 2, a newly discovered proinflammatory peptide, has been amply evidenced to be involved in the occurrence and progress of local and systematical inflammation. Although the presence of Prokineticn 2 in mammal testis has been documented clearly, research targeting the involvement of prokineticin 2 in testicular pathology, especially testitis, is rather scarce. Employing a lipopolysaccharide-induced testitis rat model, we for the first time demonstrated the expression and upregulation of prokineticin 2 in orchitis at several levels. Our effort also addressed the differential expression patterns of prokineticin 2 and interleukin-1β, a key inflammation indicator, during testitis suggesting Prokineticn 2 serves more than a proinflammatory factor in the context of testitis. Given one of the cognate receptors of prokineticin 2, prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1) was also significantly upregulated in orchitis as discussed in the current study, it is very likely that PK2/PKR1 signaling contribute to the development of inflammation-related testicular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Department of obstetrics, The Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Institute of Family Planning Research, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cuiling Li
- Institute of Family Planning Research, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Institute of Family Planning Research, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Institute of Family Planning Research, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. .,Institute of Family Planning Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China, , 430030.
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Pozhitkov AE, Neme R, Domazet-Lošo T, Leroux BG, Soni S, Tautz D, Noble PA. Tracing the dynamics of gene transcripts after organismal death. Open Biol 2017; 7:160267. [PMID: 28123054 PMCID: PMC5303275 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In life, genetic and epigenetic networks precisely coordinate the expression of genes-but in death, it is not known if gene expression diminishes gradually or abruptly stops or if specific genes and pathways are involved. We studied this by identifying mRNA transcripts that apparently increase in relative abundance after death, assessing their functions, and comparing their abundance profiles through postmortem time in two species, mouse and zebrafish. We found mRNA transcript profiles of 1063 genes became significantly more abundant after death of healthy adult animals in a time series spanning up to 96 h postmortem. Ordination plots revealed non-random patterns in the profiles by time. While most of these transcript levels increased within 0.5 h postmortem, some increased only at 24 and 48 h postmortem. Functional characterization of the most abundant transcripts revealed the following categories: stress, immunity, inflammation, apoptosis, transport, development, epigenetic regulation and cancer. The data suggest a step-wise shutdown occurs in organismal death that is manifested by the apparent increase of certain transcripts with various abundance maxima and durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Pozhitkov
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, PO Box 357444, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, 24306 Ploen, Germany
| | - Rafik Neme
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, 24306 Ploen, Germany
| | - Tomislav Domazet-Lošo
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
- Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Brian G Leroux
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, PO Box 357444, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shivani Soni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36101-0271, USA
| | - Diethard Tautz
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, 24306 Ploen, Germany
| | - Peter A Noble
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, PO Box 357444, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36101-0271, USA
- PhD Program in Microbiology, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36101-0271, USA
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25
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Ito H, Noda K, Yoshida K, Otani K, Yoshiga M, Oto Y, Saito S, Kurosaka D. Prokineticin 2 antagonist, PKRA7 suppresses arthritis in mice with collagen-induced arthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:387. [PMID: 27609223 PMCID: PMC5016855 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-1243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prokineticin 2 (PK2) expression is upregulated in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of PK2 inhibition on CIA. METHODS PK2, prokineticin receptor (PKR) 1, and PKR2 mRNA transcripts in the joints of CIA mice were measured by real-time PCR on Days 21, 28, and 35 (n = 15/day). Localization of PKR1 and PKR2 proteins was examined immunohistochemically. PKRA7, a PK2 antagonist, was administered intraperitoneally for 2 weeks to CIA mice, and the severity of arthritis was compared between treated (n = 12) and untreated (n = 12) mice. The gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and VEGF were also measured by real-time PCR and compared between treated (n = 6) and untreated (n = 6) CIA mice. The data was statistically analyzed, and P values of less than 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS In the thickened synovial membrane, PKR1 protein was expressed in infiltrating neutrophils, while PKR2 expression was found in macrophage-like mononuclear cells. PK2 gene expression was significantly more pronounced on Days 28 and 35 than on Day 21 (2.15 and 2.03 versus 1.00, P = 0.0311 and 0.0247; Dunn's multiple comparison). PKR2 gene expression levels were significantly higher on Days 28 and 35 compared to Day 21 (25.4 and 39.3 versus 1.0, P = 0.002 and < 0.0001; Dunn's multiple comparison). Administration of PKRA7 suppressed the severity of arthritis (P < 0.001; two-way analysis of variance). A gene expression analysis of inflammatory cytokines revealed significantly reduced IL-1β and lL-6 expression in the joints of PKRA7-treated mice compared to untreated mice (0.1 versus 1.0, P = 0.0043 and 0.04 versus 1.0, P = 0.0022, respectively; Mann-Whitney test). CONCLUSIONS PK2 inhibition suppressed arthritis in mice with CIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruyasu Ito
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Noda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Yoshida
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Otani
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshiga
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Oto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saburo Saito
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daitaro Kurosaka
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Chawla LS, Toma I, Davison D, Vaziri K, Lee J, Lucas R, Seneff MG, Nyhan A, McCaffrey TA. Acute appendicitis: transcript profiling of blood identifies promising biomarkers and potential underlying processes. BMC Med Genomics 2016; 9:40. [PMID: 27417541 PMCID: PMC4946184 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-016-0200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnosis of acute appendicitis can be surprisingly difficult without computed tomography, which carries significant radiation exposure. Circulating blood cells may carry informative changes in their RNA expression profile that would signal internal infection or inflammation of the appendix. Methods Genome-wide expression profiling was applied to whole blood RNA of acute appendicitis patients versus patients with other abdominal disorders, in order to identify biomarkers of appendicitis. From a large cohort of emergency patients, a discovery set of patients with surgically confirmed appendicitis, or abdominal pain from other causes, was identified. RNA from whole blood was profiled by microarrays, and RNA levels were filtered by a combined fold-change (>2) and p value (<0.05). A separate set of patients, including patients with respiratory infections, was used to validate a partial least squares discriminant (PLSD) prediction model. Results Transcript profiling identified 37 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in appendicitis versus abdominal pain patients. The DEG list contained 3 major ontologies: infection-related, inflammation-related, and ribosomal processing. Appendicitis patients had lower level of neutrophil defensin mRNA (DEFA1,3), but higher levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) and interleukin-8 receptor-ß (CXCR2/IL8RB), which was confirmed in a larger cohort of 60 patients using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Conclusions Patients with acute appendicitis have detectable changes in the mRNA expression levels of factors related to neutrophil innate defense systems. The low defensin mRNA levels suggest that appendicitis patient’s immune cells are not directly activated by pathogens, but are primed by diffusible factors in the microenvironment of the infection. The detected biomarkers are consistent with prior evidence that biofilm-forming bacteria in the appendix may be an important factor in appendicitis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-016-0200-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakhmir S Chawla
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I Street, NW Ross 443, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.,The Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I Street, NW Ross 443, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Ian Toma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I Street, NW Ross 443, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Danielle Davison
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I Street, NW Ross 443, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Khashayar Vaziri
- Department of Surgery, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I Street, NW Ross 443, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Juliet Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I Street, NW Ross 443, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.,Department of Surgery, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I Street, NW Ross 443, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Raymond Lucas
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The George Washington University Medical School and GW Medical Faculty Associates, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael G Seneff
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The George Washington University Medical School and GW Medical Faculty Associates, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aoibhinn Nyhan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I Street, NW Ross 443, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Timothy A McCaffrey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I Street, NW Ross 443, Washington, DC, 20037, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I Street, NW Ross 443, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
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PK2/PKR1 Signaling Regulates Bladder Function and Sensation in Rats with Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:289519. [PMID: 26798205 PMCID: PMC4700194 DOI: 10.1155/2015/289519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prokineticin 2 (PK2) is a novel chemokine-like peptide with multiple proinflammatory and nociception-related activities. This study aimed to explore the potential role of PK2 in modulating bladder activity and sensation in rats with cyclophosphamide- (CYP-) induced cystitis. Changes of PK2 and prokineticin receptors (PKRs) in normal and inflamed urinary bladders were determined at several time points (4 h, 48 h, and 8 d) after CYP treatment. Combining a nonselective antagonist of prokineticin receptors (PKRA), we further evaluated the regulatory role of PK2 in modulating bladder function and visceral pain sensation via conscious cystometry and pain behavioral scoring. PK2 and prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1), but not prokineticin receptor 2, were detected in normal and upregulated in CYP-treated rat bladders at several levels. Immunohistochemistry staining localized PKR1 primarily in the urothelium. Blocking PKRs with PKRA showed no effect on micturition reflex activity and bladder sensation in control rats while it increased the voiding volume, prolonged voiding interval, and ameliorated visceral hyperalgesia in rats suffering from CYP-induced cystitis. In conclusion, PK2/PKR1 signaling pathway contributes to the modulation of inflammation-mediated voiding dysfunction and spontaneous visceral pain. Local blockade of PKRs may represent a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for the clinical management of inflammation-related bladder diseases.
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28
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Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, Prusator DK, Johnson AC. Animal models of gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Animal models of visceral pain: pathophysiology, translational relevance, and challenges. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G885-903. [PMID: 25767262 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00463.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Visceral pain describes pain emanating from the thoracic, pelvic, or abdominal organs. In contrast to somatic pain, visceral pain is generally vague, poorly localized, and characterized by hypersensitivity to a stimulus such as organ distension. Animal models have played a pivotal role in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of visceral pain. This review focuses on animal models of visceral pain and their translational relevance. In addition, the challenges of using animal models to develop novel therapeutic approaches to treat visceral pain will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Dawn K Prusator
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Anthony C Johnson
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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29
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Abou-Hamdan M, Costanza M, Fontana E, Di Dario M, Musio S, Congiu C, Onnis V, Lattanzi R, Radaelli M, Martinelli V, Salvadori S, Negri L, Poliani PL, Farina C, Balboni G, Steinman L, Pedotti R. Critical role for prokineticin 2 in CNS autoimmunity. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2015; 2:e95. [PMID: 25884014 PMCID: PMC4396530 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the potential role of prokineticin 2 (PK2), a bioactive peptide involved in multiple biological functions including immune modulation, in CNS autoimmune demyelinating disease. Methods: We investigated the expression of PK2 in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), and in patients with relapsing-remitting MS. We evaluated the biological effects of PK2 on expression of EAE and on development of T-cell response against myelin by blocking PK2 in vivo with PK2 receptor antagonists. We treated with PK2 immune cells activated against myelin antigen to explore the immune-modulating effects of this peptide in vitro. Results: Pk2 messenger RNA was upregulated in spinal cord and lymph node cells (LNCs) of mice with EAE. PK2 protein was expressed in EAE inflammatory infiltrates and was increased in sera during EAE. In patients with relapsing-remitting MS, transcripts for PK2 were significantly increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with healthy controls, and PK2 serum concentrations were significantly higher. A PK2 receptor antagonist prevented or attenuated established EAE in chronic and relapsing-remitting models, reduced CNS inflammation and demyelination, and decreased the production of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17A cytokines in LNCs while increasing IL-10. PK2 in vitro increased IFN-γ and IL-17A and reduced IL-10 in splenocytes activated against myelin antigen. Conclusion: These data suggest that PK2 is a critical immune regulator in CNS autoimmune demyelination and may represent a new target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhamad Abou-Hamdan
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorder Unit (M.A.-H., M.C., S.M., R.P.), Neurological Institute Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (E.F., P.L.P.), Pathology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy; Institute of Experimental Neurology (M.D.D., M.R., V.M., C.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (C.C., V.O., G.B.), Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences Unit, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer (R.L., L.N.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.S.), University of Ferrara, Italy; and Department of Neurology (L.S., R.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Massimo Costanza
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorder Unit (M.A.-H., M.C., S.M., R.P.), Neurological Institute Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (E.F., P.L.P.), Pathology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy; Institute of Experimental Neurology (M.D.D., M.R., V.M., C.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (C.C., V.O., G.B.), Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences Unit, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer (R.L., L.N.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.S.), University of Ferrara, Italy; and Department of Neurology (L.S., R.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Elena Fontana
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorder Unit (M.A.-H., M.C., S.M., R.P.), Neurological Institute Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (E.F., P.L.P.), Pathology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy; Institute of Experimental Neurology (M.D.D., M.R., V.M., C.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (C.C., V.O., G.B.), Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences Unit, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer (R.L., L.N.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.S.), University of Ferrara, Italy; and Department of Neurology (L.S., R.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Marco Di Dario
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorder Unit (M.A.-H., M.C., S.M., R.P.), Neurological Institute Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (E.F., P.L.P.), Pathology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy; Institute of Experimental Neurology (M.D.D., M.R., V.M., C.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (C.C., V.O., G.B.), Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences Unit, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer (R.L., L.N.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.S.), University of Ferrara, Italy; and Department of Neurology (L.S., R.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Silvia Musio
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorder Unit (M.A.-H., M.C., S.M., R.P.), Neurological Institute Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (E.F., P.L.P.), Pathology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy; Institute of Experimental Neurology (M.D.D., M.R., V.M., C.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (C.C., V.O., G.B.), Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences Unit, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer (R.L., L.N.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.S.), University of Ferrara, Italy; and Department of Neurology (L.S., R.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Cenzo Congiu
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorder Unit (M.A.-H., M.C., S.M., R.P.), Neurological Institute Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (E.F., P.L.P.), Pathology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy; Institute of Experimental Neurology (M.D.D., M.R., V.M., C.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (C.C., V.O., G.B.), Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences Unit, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer (R.L., L.N.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.S.), University of Ferrara, Italy; and Department of Neurology (L.S., R.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Valentina Onnis
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorder Unit (M.A.-H., M.C., S.M., R.P.), Neurological Institute Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (E.F., P.L.P.), Pathology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy; Institute of Experimental Neurology (M.D.D., M.R., V.M., C.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (C.C., V.O., G.B.), Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences Unit, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer (R.L., L.N.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.S.), University of Ferrara, Italy; and Department of Neurology (L.S., R.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorder Unit (M.A.-H., M.C., S.M., R.P.), Neurological Institute Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (E.F., P.L.P.), Pathology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy; Institute of Experimental Neurology (M.D.D., M.R., V.M., C.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (C.C., V.O., G.B.), Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences Unit, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer (R.L., L.N.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.S.), University of Ferrara, Italy; and Department of Neurology (L.S., R.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Marta Radaelli
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorder Unit (M.A.-H., M.C., S.M., R.P.), Neurological Institute Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (E.F., P.L.P.), Pathology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy; Institute of Experimental Neurology (M.D.D., M.R., V.M., C.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (C.C., V.O., G.B.), Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences Unit, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer (R.L., L.N.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.S.), University of Ferrara, Italy; and Department of Neurology (L.S., R.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Vittorio Martinelli
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorder Unit (M.A.-H., M.C., S.M., R.P.), Neurological Institute Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (E.F., P.L.P.), Pathology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy; Institute of Experimental Neurology (M.D.D., M.R., V.M., C.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (C.C., V.O., G.B.), Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences Unit, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer (R.L., L.N.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.S.), University of Ferrara, Italy; and Department of Neurology (L.S., R.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Severo Salvadori
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorder Unit (M.A.-H., M.C., S.M., R.P.), Neurological Institute Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (E.F., P.L.P.), Pathology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy; Institute of Experimental Neurology (M.D.D., M.R., V.M., C.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (C.C., V.O., G.B.), Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences Unit, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer (R.L., L.N.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.S.), University of Ferrara, Italy; and Department of Neurology (L.S., R.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Lucia Negri
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorder Unit (M.A.-H., M.C., S.M., R.P.), Neurological Institute Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (E.F., P.L.P.), Pathology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy; Institute of Experimental Neurology (M.D.D., M.R., V.M., C.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (C.C., V.O., G.B.), Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences Unit, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer (R.L., L.N.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.S.), University of Ferrara, Italy; and Department of Neurology (L.S., R.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Pietro Luigi Poliani
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorder Unit (M.A.-H., M.C., S.M., R.P.), Neurological Institute Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (E.F., P.L.P.), Pathology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy; Institute of Experimental Neurology (M.D.D., M.R., V.M., C.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (C.C., V.O., G.B.), Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences Unit, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer (R.L., L.N.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.S.), University of Ferrara, Italy; and Department of Neurology (L.S., R.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorder Unit (M.A.-H., M.C., S.M., R.P.), Neurological Institute Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (E.F., P.L.P.), Pathology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy; Institute of Experimental Neurology (M.D.D., M.R., V.M., C.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (C.C., V.O., G.B.), Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences Unit, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer (R.L., L.N.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.S.), University of Ferrara, Italy; and Department of Neurology (L.S., R.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Gianfranco Balboni
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorder Unit (M.A.-H., M.C., S.M., R.P.), Neurological Institute Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (E.F., P.L.P.), Pathology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy; Institute of Experimental Neurology (M.D.D., M.R., V.M., C.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (C.C., V.O., G.B.), Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences Unit, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer (R.L., L.N.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.S.), University of Ferrara, Italy; and Department of Neurology (L.S., R.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorder Unit (M.A.-H., M.C., S.M., R.P.), Neurological Institute Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (E.F., P.L.P.), Pathology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy; Institute of Experimental Neurology (M.D.D., M.R., V.M., C.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (C.C., V.O., G.B.), Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences Unit, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer (R.L., L.N.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.S.), University of Ferrara, Italy; and Department of Neurology (L.S., R.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Rosetta Pedotti
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorder Unit (M.A.-H., M.C., S.M., R.P.), Neurological Institute Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (E.F., P.L.P.), Pathology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy; Institute of Experimental Neurology (M.D.D., M.R., V.M., C.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (C.C., V.O., G.B.), Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences Unit, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer (R.L., L.N.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.S.), University of Ferrara, Italy; and Department of Neurology (L.S., R.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Hang LH, Luo H, Li SN, Shu WW, Chen Z, Chen YF, Yuan JF, Shi LL, Shao DH. Involvement of Spinal Bv8/Prokineticin 2 in a Rat Model of Cancer-Induced Bone Pain. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 117:180-5. [PMID: 25641661 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Hang
- Department of Anesthesiology; the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology; the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Shu-Na Li
- Department of Anesthesiology; the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Wei-Wei Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology; the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology; the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Yuan-Feng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology; the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Ju-Fang Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology; the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Lei-Lei Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology; the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Dong-Hua Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology; the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
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Mild moxibustion decreases the expression of prokineticin 2 and prokineticin receptor 2 in the colon and spinal cord of rats with irritable bowel syndrome. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:807308. [PMID: 25024732 PMCID: PMC4082938 DOI: 10.1155/2014/807308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been proven that prokineticin 2 (PK2) and its receptor PKR2 play an important role in hyperalgesia, while mild moxibustion can relieve visceral hypersensitivity in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The goal of the present study was to determine the effects of mild moxibustion on the expression of PK2 and PKR2 in colon and spinal cord in IBS rat model, which was induced by colorectal distension using inflatable balloons. After mild moxibustion treatment, abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores were assessed by colorectal distension; protein and mRNA expression of PK2 and PKR2 in rat colon and spinal cord was determined by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence quantitative PCR. Compared with normal rats, the AWR scores of rats and the expressions of PK2/PKR2 proteins and mRNAs in colon and spinal cord tissue were significantly increased in the model group; compared with the model group, the AWR scores of rats and the expressions of PK2/PKR2 proteins and mRNAs in colon and spinal cord tissue were significantly decreased in the mild moxibustion group. These findings suggest that the analgesia effect of mild moxibustion may be associated with the reduction of the abnormally increased expression of the PK2/PKR2 proteins and mRNAs in the colon and spinal cord.
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Congiu C, Onnis V, Deplano A, Salvadori S, Marconi V, Maftei D, Negri L, Lattanzi R, Balboni G. A new convenient synthetic method and preliminary pharmacological characterization of triazinediones as prokineticin receptor antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 81:334-40. [PMID: 24852280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A new efficient synthetic method to obtain prokineticin receptor antagonists based on the triazinedione scaffold is described. In this procedure the overall yield improves from 13% to about 54%, essentially for two factors: 1) N-(chlorocarbonyl) isocyanate is no more used, it represents the yield limiting step with an average yield not exceeding 30%. 2) The Mitsunobu reaction is not involved in the new synthetic scheme avoiding the use of time and solvent consuming column chromatography. All synthesized triazinediones were preliminary pharmacologically screened in vivo for their ability to reduce the Bv8-induced thermal hyperalgesia. In this assay all compounds displayed EC50 values in the picomolar-subpicomolar range, some triazinediones containing a 4-halogen substituted benzyl group in position 5 showed the best activity. The analogues containing a 4-fluorine atom (PC-7) and a 4-bromobenzyl group (PC-25) resulted 10 times more potent than the reference PC-1 that bears a 4-ethylbenzyl group. While the 4-trifluoromethylbenzyl substituted analog (PC-27) was 100 times more potent as compared to PC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenzo Congiu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Cagliari, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valentina Onnis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Cagliari, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Deplano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Cagliari, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Severo Salvadori
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica Marconi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Maftei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Negri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Balboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Cagliari, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy.
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Lauttia S, Sihto H, Kavola H, Koljonen V, Böhling T, Joensuu H. Prokineticins and Merkel cell polyomavirus infection in Merkel cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1446-55. [PMID: 24496457 PMCID: PMC3960603 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prokineticin-1 (PROK1) and prokineticin-2 (PROK2) are chemokine-like proteins that may influence cancer growth by regulating host defence and angiogenesis. Their significance in viral infection-associated cancer is incompletely understood. We studied prokineticins in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a skin cancer linked with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) infection. METHODS Carcinoma cell expression of PROK1 and PROK2 and their receptors (PROKR1 and PROKR2) was investigated with immunohistochemistry, and tumour PROK1 and PROK2 mRNA content with quantitative PCR from 98 MCCs. Subsets of tumour infiltrating leukocytes were identified using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Merkel cell polyomavirus-positive MCCs had higher than the median PROK2 mRNA content, whereas MCPyV-negative MCCs contained frequently PROK1 mRNA. Cancers with high tumour PROK2 mRNA content had high counts of tumour infiltrating macrophages (CD68+ and CD163+ cells). Patients with higher than the median PROK2 mRNA content had 44.9% 5-year survival compared with 23.5% among those with a smaller content (hazard ratio (HR): 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.34-0.84; P=0.005), whereas the presence of PROK1 mRNA in tumour was associated with unfavourable survival (P=0.052). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that prokineticins are associated with MCPyV infection and participate in regulation of the immune response in MCC, and may influence outcome of MCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lauttia
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Sihto
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Kavola
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Topeliuksenkatu 5, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - V Koljonen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Topeliuksenkatu 5, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Böhling
- 1] Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3C, 00029 Helsinki, Finland [2] HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Joensuu
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland [2] Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, Helsinki 00029, Finland
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Qiu CY, Liu YQ, Qiu F, Wu J, Zhou QY, Hu WP. Prokineticin 2 potentiates acid-sensing ion channel activity in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:108. [PMID: 22642848 PMCID: PMC3413530 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prokineticin 2 (PK2) is a secreted protein and causes potent hyperalgesia in vivo, and is therefore considered to be a new pronociceptive mediator. However, the molecular targets responsible for the pronociceptive effects of PK2 are still poorly understood. Here, we have found that PK2 potentiates the activity of acid-sensing ion channels in the primary sensory neurons. Methods In the present study, experiments were performed on neurons freshly isolated from rat dorsal root ganglion by using whole-cell patch clamp and voltage-clamp recording techniques. Results PK2 dose-dependently enhanced proton-gated currents with an EC50 of 0.22 ± 0.06 nM. PK2 shifted the proton concentration-response curve upwards, with a 1.81 ± 0.11 fold increase of the maximal current response. PK2 enhancing effect on proton-gated currents was completely blocked by PK2 receptor antagonist. The potentiation was also abolished by intracellular dialysis of GF109203X, a protein kinase C inhibitor, or FSC-231, a protein interacting with C-kinase 1 inhibitor. Moreover, PK2 enhanced the acid-evoked membrane excitability of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and caused a significant increase in the amplitude of the depolarization and the number of spikes induced by acid stimuli. Finally, PK2 exacerbated nociceptive responses to the injection of acetic acid in rats. Conclusion These results suggest that PK2 increases the activity of acid-sensing ion channels via the PK2 receptor and protein kinase C-dependent signal pathways in rat primary sensory neurons. Our findings support that PK2 is a proalgesic factor and its signaling likely contributes to acidosis-evoked pain by sensitizing acid-sensing ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning, Hubei 437100, People's Republic of China
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Gibson PR, Shepherd SJ. Food choice as a key management strategy for functional gastrointestinal symptoms. Am J Gastroenterol 2012; 107:657-66; quiz 667. [PMID: 22488077 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2012.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of food components that induce functional gut symptoms in patient's functional bowel disorders (FBD) has been challenging. Food directly or indirectly provides considerable afferent input into the enteric nervous system. There is an altered relationship between the afferent input and perception/efferent response in FBD. Defining the nature of food-related stimuli may provide a means of minimizing such an input and gut symptoms. Using this premise, reducing the intake of FODMAPs (fermentable oligo-, di-, and mono-saccharides and polyols)--poorly absorbed short-chain carbohydrates that, by virtue of their small molecular size and rapid fermentability, will distend the intestinal lumen with liquid and gas--improves symptoms in the majority of patients. Well-developed methodologies to deliver the diet via dietician-led education are available. Another abundant source of afferent input is natural and added food chemicals (such as salicylates, amines, and glutamates). Studies are needed to assess the efficacy of the low food chemical dietary approach. A recent placebo-controlled trial of FODMAP-poor gluten provided the first valid evidence that non-celiac gluten intolerance might actually exist, but its prevalence and underlying mechanisms require elucidation. Food choice via the low FODMAP and potentially other dietary strategies is now a realistic and efficacious therapeutic approach for functional gut symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Gibson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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