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Gu M, Su W, Dai J, Wang J, Jia X, Yao J, Zhang G, Zhu Q, Pang Z. Jingfang granule alleviates Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acute lung inflammation through suppression of STAT3/IL-17/NF-κB pathway based on network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116899. [PMID: 37454750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen which is the second leading cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Jingfang granule (JFG) is an herbal formula of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) widely used in treatment of acute respiratory tract infections in China. However, the molecular mechanisms of JFG in treatment of P. aeruginosa-induced acute pneumonia are not clear. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of JFG on P. aeruginosa-induced acute inflammation using a mouse model of bacterial acute pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical components and targets of JFG were retrieved from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, and the P. aeruginosa pneumonia-related targets were obtained from the disease databases, including Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), GeneCards and DisGeNet. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING database. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Molecular docking was performed using AutoDockTools 1.5.6. Further in vivo experiments employed a mouse model of P. aeruginosa acute pneumonia to verify the target proteins and signaling pathways affected by JFG, which were predicted by the network pharmacology analysis. RESULTS A total of 218 active components and 257 targets of JFG were retrieved from TCMSP database. Moreover, 99 intersectant targets were obtained between the 257 JFG targets and 694 disease targets. Among the intersectant targets, STAT3, IL-6, AKT1, TNF, MAPK1, MAPK3 and EGFR were identified to be the key therapeutic targets through PPI network analysis, and STAT3 was in the center of the network, which is a key regulator of IL-17 expression. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that IL-17 signaling pathway was one of the crucial inflammatory pathways affected by JFG in treatment of P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments demonstrated that the JFG-treated mice displayed reduced proinflammatory cytokine production (IL-17, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF), diminished neutrophil infiltration and decreased mortality, compared with the non-drug-treated mice during P. aeruginosa lung infection. Moreover, the expression or phosphorylation levels of the key regulators in STAT3/IL-17/NF-κB axis including STAT3, ERK1/2 (MAPK3/1), AKT, NF-κB p65 and RORγt were significantly reduced in the lung tissues of the JFG-treated mice. CONCLUSION JFG was effective in treatment of P. aeruginosa acute lung infection, which reduced inflammatory responses through suppressing STAT3/IL-17/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Gu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Wen Su
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Jiangqin Dai
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Jue Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Xiaolei Jia
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Jingchun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, 276005, China.
| | - Guimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, 276005, China.
| | - Qingjun Zhu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Zheng Pang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
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Evaluating Bacterial Pathogenesis Using a Model of Human Airway Organoids Infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0240822. [PMID: 36301094 PMCID: PMC9769610 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02408-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading invasive agents of human pulmonary infection, especially in patients with compromised immunity. Prior studies have used various in vitro models to establish P. aeruginosa infection and to analyze transcriptomic profiles of either the host or pathogen, and yet how much those works are relevant to the genuine human airway still raises doubts. In this study, we cultured and differentiated human airway organoids (HAOs) that recapitulate, to a large extent, the histological and physiological features of the native human mucociliary epithelium. HAOs were then employed as a host model to monitor P. aeruginosa biofilm development. Through dual-species transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses, we found that quorum sensing (QS) and several associated protein secretion systems were significantly upregulated in HAO-associated bacteria. Cocultures of HAOs and QS-defective mutants further validated the role of QS in the maintenance of a robust biofilm and disruption of host tissue. Simultaneously, the expression magnitude of multiple inflammation-associated signaling pathways was higher in the QS mutant-infected HAOs, suggesting that QS promotes immune evasion at the transcriptional level. Altogether, modeling infection of HAOs by P. aeruginosa captured several crucial facets in host responses and bacterial pathogenesis, with QS being the most dominant virulence pathway showing profound effects on both bacterial biofilm and host immune responses. Our results revealed that HAOs are an optimal model for studying the interaction between the airway epithelium and bacterial pathogens. IMPORTANCE Human airway organoids (HAOs) are an organotypic model of human airway mucociliary epithelium. The HAOs can closely resemble their origin organ in terms of epithelium architecture and physiological function. Accumulating studies have revealed the great values of the HAO cultures in host-pathogen interaction research. In this study, HAOs were used as a host model to grow Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm, which is one of the most common pathogens found in pulmonary infection cases. Dual transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses showed that the cocultures have changed the gene expression pattern of both sides significantly and simultaneously. Bacterial quorum sensing (QS), the most upregulated pathway, contributed greatly to biofilm formation, disruption of barrier function, and subversion of host immune responses. Our study therefore provides a global insight into the transcriptomic responses of both P. aeruginosa and human airway epithelium.
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Chowdhury AA, Godbole NM, Chataut N, Kosanke S, Rodgers K, Awasthi S. Effects of SPA4 peptide on lipopolysaccharide-disrupted lung epithelial barrier, injury, and function in a human cell system and mouse model of lung injury. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15353. [PMID: 35838161 PMCID: PMC9284632 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted epithelial barrier, fluid accumulation, inflammation, and compromised physiology are hallmarks of lung injury. Here we investigated the structural stability of the Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-interacting SPA4 peptide, its effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-disrupted epithelial barrier in a human cell system, and lung injury markers in a mouse model of LPS-induced lung inflammation. The structural properties of SPA4 peptide were investigated using circular dichroism and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), an indicator of barrier function, was measured after the cells were challenged with 1 μg/ml LPS and treated with 10 or 100 μM SPA4 peptide. The expression and localization of tight junction proteins were studied by immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Mice were intratracheally challenged with 5 μg LPS per g body weight and treated with 50 μg SPA4 peptide. The lung wet/dry weight ratios or edema, surfactant protein-D (SP-D) levels in serum, lung function, tissue injury, body weights, and temperature, and survival were determined as study parameters. The spectroscopy results demonstrated that the structure was maintained among different batches of SPA4 peptide throughout the study. Treatment with 100 μM SPA4 peptide restored the LPS-disrupted epithelial barrier, which correlated with the localization pattern of Zonula Occludens (ZO)-1 and occludin proteins. Correspondingly, SPA4 peptide treatment helped suppress the lung edema and levels of serum SP-D, improved some of the lung function parameters, and reduced the mortality risk against LPS challenge. Our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of the SPA4 peptide facilitates the resolution of lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Alam Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Nachiket M. Godbole
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Neha Chataut
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Stanley Kosanke
- Division of Comparative MedicineUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Karla Rodgers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Shanjana Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
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Wang S, Xiang D, Tian F, Ni M. Lipopolysaccharide from biofilm-forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 induces macrophage hyperinflammatory responses. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 33909550 PMCID: PMC8289208 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Macrophages polarization is essential in infection control. Llipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays an essential role in host innate immune system-pathogen interaction. The LPS structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa modifies in the adaptation of this pathogen to biofilm-related chronic infection.Gap statement. There have been several studies on LPS induced polarization of human and mouse macrophages with different results. And it was reported that the lipid A structure of the LPS derived from biofilm-forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1 was modified.Aim. This study aimed to investigate the effect and the involved pathway of LPS from biofilm-forming PAO1 on human and murine macrophage polarization.Methodology. LPS was isolated from biofilm-forming and planktonic PAO1 and quantified. Then the LPS was added to PMA-differentiated human macrophage THP-1 cells and Raw264.7 murine macrophage cells. The expression of iNOS, Arg-1, IL4, TNF-α, CCL3, and CCL22 was analysed in the different cell lines. The expression of TICAM-1 and MyD88 in human THP-1 macrophages was quantified by Western blot. PAO1 infected macrophages at different polarization states, and the intracellular bacterial growth in macrophages was evaluated.Results. LPS from biofilm-forming PAO1 induced more marked hyperinflammatory responses in THP-1 and Raw264.7 macrophages than LPS derived from planktonic PAO1, and these responses were related to the up-regulation of MyD88. Intracellular growth of PAO1 was significantly increased in THP-1 macrophages polarized by LPS from biofilm-forming PAO1, but decreased both in THP-1 and Raw264.7 macrophages polarized by LPS from planktonic PAO1.Conclusion. The presented in vitro study indicates that LPS derived from biofilm-forming PAO1 induces enhanced M1 polarization in human and murine macrophage cell lines than LPS from planktonic PAO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufei Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Dandan Xiang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Fangbing Tian
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
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Lagoumintzis G, Andrikopoulos A, Adamopoulos A, Seimenis I, Koutsojannis C. Microwave diathermy induces mitogen-activated protein kinases and tumor necrosis factor-α in cultured human monocytes. Electromagn Biol Med 2019; 38:218-229. [PMID: 31079506 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2019.1613426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although rehabilitation practice for most patients consists of a combined use of thermotherapy that is produced from diathermy devices resulting faster and deeper heating to the patient, major concerns about occupational exposure to electromagnetic radiation for the operators must be considered. In most occasions, physiotherapists have involved multi-hour treatment sessions to different patients, resulting overuse of the diathermy device. Recently, our team along with other groups have raised serious concerns about the occupational safety aspects related to microwave diathermy (MWD) use. Driven by these recent reports, in this work, we tried to investigate the in vitro effects of a physiotherapist routine MWD device regarding its potential inflammatory biological effects that could be evoked in human cultured monocytes. Our results show that MWD does not alter the integrity of the cell membrane and, consequently, the viability of monocytes as assessed by Trypan blue and MTT measurements. Then again, members of the MAPK family (p38 and ERK1/2) were activated upon MWD exposure at 5-30 min, eventually leading to a time-dependent considerable increase in TNF-α production, a key pro-inflammatory mediator. Our results are indicative of a stress-activated phenomenon of monocytes upon MWD radiation, which could trigger potential hazardous cellular outcomes due to thermal and/or non-thermal bystander effects. Our results deserve further investigation, planned by our team in due course, to delineate the clinical correlations of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Lagoumintzis
- a Laboratory of Health Physics, Department of Optics & Optometry and Department of Physiotherapy, Western Greece University of Applied Sciences (TEI of Western Greece) , Aigion , Greece
| | - Andreas Andrikopoulos
- a Laboratory of Health Physics, Department of Optics & Optometry and Department of Physiotherapy, Western Greece University of Applied Sciences (TEI of Western Greece) , Aigion , Greece.,b Laboratory of Medical Physics, School of Medicine , Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis , Greece
| | - Adam Adamopoulos
- b Laboratory of Medical Physics, School of Medicine , Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis , Greece
| | - Ioannis Seimenis
- b Laboratory of Medical Physics, School of Medicine , Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis , Greece
| | - Constantinos Koutsojannis
- a Laboratory of Health Physics, Department of Optics & Optometry and Department of Physiotherapy, Western Greece University of Applied Sciences (TEI of Western Greece) , Aigion , Greece
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The Microbial Endocrinology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Inflammatory and Immune Perspectives. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2018. [PMID: 29541797 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-018-0510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major pathogen responsible for both acute and chronic infection. Known as a colonising pathogen of the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung, it is implicated in other settings such as bronchiectasis. It has the ability to cause acute disseminated or localised infection particularly in the immunocompromised. Human hormones have been highlighted as potential regulators of bacterial virulence through crosstalk between analogous "quorum sensing" (QS) systems present in the bacteria that respond to mammalian hormones. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to utilise interconnected QS systems to coordinate its virulence and evade various aspects of the host immune system activated in response to infection. Several human hormones demonstrate an influence on P. aeruginosa growth and virulence. This inter-kingdom signalling, termed "microbial endocrinology" has important implications for host-microbe interaction during infection and, potentially opens up novel avenues for therapeutic intervention. This phenomenon, supported by the existence of sexual dichotomies in both microbial infection and chronic lung diseases such as CF is potentially explained by sex hormones and their influence on the infective process. This review summarises our current understanding of the microbial endocrinology of P. aeruginosa, including its endogenous QS systems and their intersection with human endocrinology, pathogenesis of infection and the host immune system.
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Singh DP, Bagam P, Sahoo MK, Batra S. Immune-related gene polymorphisms in pulmonary diseases. Toxicology 2017; 383:24-39. [PMID: 28366820 PMCID: PMC5464945 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Between the DNA sequences of two randomly-selected human genomes, which consist of over 3 billion base pairs and twenty five thousand genes, there exists only 0.1% variation and 99.9% sequence identity. During the last couple of decades, extensive genome-wide studies have investigated the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the most common DNA variations, and susceptibility to various diseases. Because the immune system's primary function is to defend against myriad infectious agents and diseases, the large number of people who escape serious infectious diseases underscores the tremendous success of this system at this task. In fact, out of the third of the global human population infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis during their lifetime, only a few people develop active disease, and a heavy chain smoker may inexplicably escape all symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and other smoke-associated lung diseases. This may be attributable to the genetic makeup of the individual(s), including their SNPs, which provide some resistance to the disease. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), transcription factors, cytokines and chemokines all play critical roles in orchestrating immune responses and their expression/activation is directly linked to human disease tolerance. Moreover, genetic variations present in the immune-response genes of various ethnicities may explain the huge differences in individual outcomes to various diseases and following exposure to infectious agents. The current review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of pulmonary diseases and the relationship of genetic variations in immune response genes to these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirendra P Singh
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immuno-Toxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Health Research Center, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, United States
| | - Prathyusha Bagam
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immuno-Toxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Health Research Center, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, United States
| | - Malaya K Sahoo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, United States
| | - Sanjay Batra
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immuno-Toxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Health Research Center, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, United States.
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Ralhan A, Laval J, Lelis F, Ballbach M, Grund C, Hector A, Hartl D. Current Concepts and Controversies in Innate Immunity of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease. J Innate Immun 2016; 8:531-540. [PMID: 27362371 PMCID: PMC6738757 DOI: 10.1159/000446840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by chronic infection and inflammation. The inflammatory response in CF is dominated by the activation of the innate immune system. Bacteria and fungi represent the key pathogens chronically colonizing the CF airways. In response, innate immune pattern recognition receptors, expressed by airway epithelial and myeloid cells, sense the microbial threat and release chemoattractants to recruit large numbers of neutrophils into CF airways. However, neutrophils fail to efficiently clear the invading pathogens, but instead release harmful proteases and oxidants and finally cause tissue injury. Here, we summarize and discuss current concepts and controversies in the field of innate immunity in CF lung disease, facing the ongoing questions of whether inflammation is good or bad in CF and how innate immune mechanisms could be harnessed therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Ralhan
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julie Laval
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felipe Lelis
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marlene Ballbach
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Grund
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hector
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Hartl
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (I3) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Shin JS, Cho EJ, Choi HE, Seo JH, An HJ, Park HJ, Cho YW, Lee KT. Anti-inflammatory effect of a standardized triterpenoid-rich fraction isolated from Rubus coreanus on dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute colitis in mice and LPS-induced macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 158 Pt A:291-300. [PMID: 25446582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rubus coreanus Miquel (Rosaceae), the Korean black raspberry, has traditionally been used to treat inflammatory diseases including diarrhea, asthma, stomach ailment, and cancer. Although previous studies showed that the 19α-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoids isolated from Rubus coreanus exerted anti-inflammatory activities, their effects on ulcerative colitis and mode of action have not been explored. This study was designed to assess the anti-inflammatory effects and the molecular mechanisms involving19α-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoid-rich fraction from Rubus coreanus (TFRC) on a mice model of colitis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental colitis was induced by DSS for 7 days in ICR mice. Disease activity indices (DAI) took into account body weight, stool consistency, and gross bleeding. Histological changes and macrophage accumulation were observed by immunohistochemical analysis. Pro-inflammatory markers were determined using immunoassays, RT-PCR, and real time PCR. Signaling pathway involving nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation was determined by luciferase assay and Western blotting. RESULTS In DSS-induced colitis mice, TFRC improved DAIs and pathological characteristics including colon shortening and colonic epithelium injury. TFRC suppressed tissue levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced macrophage infiltration into colonic tissues. In LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, TFRC inhibited the production of NO, PGE2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines by down-regulating the activation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that TFRC has potent anti-inflammatory effects on DSS-induced colonic injury and LPS-induced macrophage activation, and supports its possible therapeutic and preventive roles in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eu-Jin Cho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyung Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Sangji University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Juhn Park
- Department of Botanical Resources, Sangji University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Wuk Cho
- Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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den Hartigh LJ, Altman R, Norman JE, Rutledge JC. Postprandial VLDL lipolysis products increase monocyte adhesion and lipid droplet formation via activation of ERK2 and NFκB. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 306:H109-20. [PMID: 24163071 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00137.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial lipemia is characterized by a transient increase in circulating triglyceride-rich lipoproteins such as very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and has been shown to activate monocytes in vivo. Lipolysis of VLDL releases remnant particles, phospholipids, monoglycerides, diglycerides, and fatty acids in close proximity to endothelial cells and monocytes. We hypothesized that postprandial VLDL lipolysis products could activate and recruit monocytes by increasing monocyte expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, and that such activation is related to the development of lipid droplets. Freshly isolated human monocytes were treated with VLDL lipolysis products (2.28 mmol/l triglycerides + 2 U/ml lipoprotein lipase), and monocyte adhesion to a primed endothelial monolayer was observed using a parallel plate flow chamber coupled with a CCD camera. Treated monocytes showed more rolling and adhesion than controls, and an increase in transmigration between endothelial cells. The increased adhesive events were related to elevated expression of key integrin complexes including Mac-1 [α(m)-integrin (CD11b)/β2-integrin (CD18)], CR4 [α(x)-integrin (CD11c)/CD18] and VLA-4 [α4-integrin (CD49d)/β1-integrin (CD29)] on treated monocytes. Treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and THP-1 monocytes with VLDL lipolysis products increased expression of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-8 over controls, with concurrent activation of NFkB and AP-1. NFκB and AP-1-induced cytokine and integrin expression was dependent on ERK and Akt phosphorylation. Additionally, fatty acids from VLDL lipolysis products induced ERK2-dependent lipid droplet formation in monocytes, suggesting a link to inflammatory signaling pathways. These results provide novel mechanisms for postprandial monocyte activation by VLDL lipolysis products, suggesting new pathways and biomarkers for chronic, intermittent vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J den Hartigh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition, and Vascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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McIsaac SM, Stadnyk AW, Lin TJ. Toll-like receptors in the host defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infection and cystic fibrosis. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 92:977-85. [PMID: 22892106 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0811410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TLRs function in innate immunity by detecting conserved structures present in bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Although TLRs do not necessarily distinguish pathogenic organisms from commensals, in the context of compromised innate immunity and combined with pathogens' effector molecules, TLRs drive the host response to the organism. This review will discuss the evidence and role(s) of TLRs in the response to the opportunistic bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as it relates to respiratory infection and CF, in which innate immune mechanisms are indeed compromised. Outer membrane lipoproteins, LPS, flagellin, and nucleic acids all serve as ligands for TLR2, -4, -5, and -9, respectively. These TLRs and their respective downstream effector molecules have proven critical to the host response to P. aeruginosa, although the protective effects of TLRs may be impaired and in some cases, enhanced in the CF patient, contributing to the particular susceptibility of individuals with this disease to P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayla M McIsaac
- Department of Microbiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Auger G, Corvec S, Roquilly A, Segain JP, Lepelletier D, Reynaud A, Asehnoune K. Escherichia coli-induced productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines are regulated by MAP kinases and G-protein but not by Akt: Relationship with phylogenetic groups and resistance patterns. Cytokine 2011; 56:290-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Smani Y, Docobo-Pérez F, McConnell MJ, Pachón J. Acinetobacter baumannii-induced lung cell death: role of inflammation, oxidative stress and cytosolic calcium. Microb Pathog 2011; 50:224-32. [PMID: 21288481 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports the notion that susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii strain ATCC 19606 induces human epithelial cells death. However, most of the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with this cell death remain unknown, and also the degree of the cytotoxic effects of a clinical panresistant strain compared with a susceptible strain has never been studied. Due to the role of proinflammatory cytokine release, oxidative stress and cytosolic calcium increase in the cell death-induced by other Gram-negative bacteria, we investigated whether these intracellular targets were involved in the cell death induced by clinical panresistant 113-16 and susceptible ATCC 19606 strains. Data presented here show that 113-16 and ATCC 19606 induce time-dependent cell death of lung epithelial cells involving a perturbation of cytosolic calcium homeostasis with subsequent calpain and caspase-3 activation. Prevention of this cell death by TNF-α and interleukin-6 blockers and antioxidant highlights the involvement of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in this phenomenon. These results demonstrate the involvement of calpain calcium-dependent in cell death induced by A. baumannii and the impact of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in this cell death; it is noteworthy to stress that some mechanisms are less induced by the panresistant strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Smani
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Sevilla, Av. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
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Hoareau L, Bencharif K, Rondeau P, Murumalla R, Ravanan P, Tallet F, Delarue P, Cesari M, Roche R, Festy F. Signaling pathways involved in LPS induced TNFalpha production in human adipocytes. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2010; 7:1. [PMID: 20148136 PMCID: PMC2819999 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-7-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The development of obesity has been linked to an inflammatory process, and the role of adipose tissue in the secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules such as IL-6 or TNFalpha has now been largely confirmed. Although TNFalpha secretion by adipose cells is probably induced, most notably by TLR ligands, the activation and secretion pathways of this cytokine are not yet entirely understood. Moreover, given that macrophagic infiltration is a characteristic of obesity, it is difficult to clearly establish the level of involvement of the different cellular types present within the adipose tissue during inflammation. Methods Primary cultures of human adipocytes and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used. Cells were treated with a pathogen-associated molecular pattern: LPS, with and without several kinase inhibitors. Western blot for p38 MAP Kinase was performed on cell lysates. TNFalpha mRNA was detected in cells by RT-PCR and TNFalpha protein was detected in supernatants by ELISA assays. Results We show for the first time that the production of TNFalpha in mature human adipocytes is mainly dependent upon two pathways: NFkappaB and p38 MAP Kinase. Moreover, we demonstrate that the PI3Kinase pathway is clearly involved in the first step of the LPS-pathway. Lastly, we show that adipocytes are able to secrete a large amount of TNFalpha compared to macrophages. Conclusion This study clearly demonstrates that the LPS induced activation pathway is an integral part of the inflammatory process linked to obesity, and that adipocytes are responsible for most of the secreted TNFalpha in inflamed adipose tissue, through TLR4 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Hoareau
- LBGM-GEICO, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire - Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation Chronique et l'Obésité, Université de l'île de la Réunion, 15 avenue René Cassin 97715 Saint Denis Messag Cedex, France
| | - Karima Bencharif
- LBGM-GEICO, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire - Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation Chronique et l'Obésité, Université de l'île de la Réunion, 15 avenue René Cassin 97715 Saint Denis Messag Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Rondeau
- LBGM-GEICO, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire - Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation Chronique et l'Obésité, Université de l'île de la Réunion, 15 avenue René Cassin 97715 Saint Denis Messag Cedex, France
| | - Ravi Murumalla
- LBGM-GEICO, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire - Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation Chronique et l'Obésité, Université de l'île de la Réunion, 15 avenue René Cassin 97715 Saint Denis Messag Cedex, France
| | - Palaniyandi Ravanan
- LBGM-GEICO, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire - Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation Chronique et l'Obésité, Université de l'île de la Réunion, 15 avenue René Cassin 97715 Saint Denis Messag Cedex, France
| | - Frank Tallet
- Service de biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Félix Guyon, Saint-Denis, Ile de la Réunion, France
| | - Pierre Delarue
- Cabinet de Chirurgie Plastique, Saint-Denis, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Maya Cesari
- LBGM-GEICO, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire - Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation Chronique et l'Obésité, Université de l'île de la Réunion, 15 avenue René Cassin 97715 Saint Denis Messag Cedex, France
| | - Régis Roche
- LBGM-GEICO, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire - Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation Chronique et l'Obésité, Université de l'île de la Réunion, 15 avenue René Cassin 97715 Saint Denis Messag Cedex, France
| | - Franck Festy
- LBGM-GEICO, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire - Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation Chronique et l'Obésité, Université de l'île de la Réunion, 15 avenue René Cassin 97715 Saint Denis Messag Cedex, France
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Xaplanteri P, Lagoumintzis G, Dimitracopoulos G, Paliogianni F. Synergistic regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced cytokine production in human monocytes by mannose receptor and TLR2. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:730-40. [PMID: 19197942 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200838872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The immune response to pathogen is regulated by a combination of specific PRR, which are involved in pathogen recognition. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterium that causes life-threatening disease in immuno-compromised host, is recognized by distinct members of the TLR family. We have previously shown that viable P. aeruginosa bacteria are recognized by human monocytes mainly through TLR2. Using ligand-specific blocking antibodies, we herein show that the mannose receptor (MR), a phagocytic receptor for unopsonized P. aeruginosa bacteria, contributes equally to TLR2 in proinflammatory cytokine production by human monocytes in response to P. aeruginosa infection. Synergy of both receptors totally controls the immune response. Viable P. aeruginosa bacteria activate NF-kappaB and MAPK pathways and enhance TLR2-mediated signaling in MR-transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Moreover, MR follows the same kinetics and colocalizes with TLR2 in the endosome during in vivo infection of human macrophages with P. aeruginosa. The studies provide the first demonstration of a significant role for MR, synergistic with TLR2, in activating a proinflammatory response to P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Xaplanteri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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