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Yin F, Zhao M, Gong L, Nan H, Ma W, Lu M, An H. Genome-wide identification of Rosa roxburghii CML family genes identifies an RrCML13-RrGGP2 interaction involved in calcium-mediated regulation of ascorbate biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108874. [PMID: 38981208 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are an essential family of calcium sensors involved in multiple Ca2+-mediated cellular processes in plants. Rosa roxburghii Tratt, known for the abundance of L-ascorbic acid (AsA) in its fruits, is widely distributed in calcium-rich soil of the karst region in southwestern China. The aim of this study was to identify key CMLs that respond to exogenous Ca2+ levels and regulate AsA biosynthesis in R. roxburghii. A genome-wide scan revealed the presence of 41 RrCML genes with 1-4 EF-hand motif (s) unevenly distributed across the 7 chromosomes of R. roxburghii. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that RrCML13, RrCML10, and RrCML36 responded significantly to exogenous Ca2+ treatment, and RrCML13 was positively correlated with GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase encoding gene (RrGGP2) expression and AsA content in the developing fruit. Overexpression of RrCML13 in fruits and roots significantly promoted the transcription of RrGGP2 and the accumulation of AsA, while virus-induced silencing of RrCML13 reduced the transcription of RrGGP2 and the content of AsA. Furthermore, Moreover, the yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analysis confirmed the interaction between RrCML13 and RrGGP2 proteins, indicating that RrCML13 plays a regulatory role in calcium-mediated AsA biosynthesis. This study enhances our understanding of R. roxburghii CMLs and sheds light on the calcium-mediated regulation of AsA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Rosa roxburghii, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Manqiu Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Rosa roxburghii, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lisha Gong
- Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Rosa roxburghii, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Nan
- Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Rosa roxburghii, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wentao Ma
- Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Rosa roxburghii, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Min Lu
- Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Rosa roxburghii, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Huaming An
- Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Rosa roxburghii, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
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Zhang D, Du L, Lin J, Wang L, Zheng P, Deng B, Zhang W, Su W, Liu Y, Lu Y, Qin Y, Wang X. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of calmodulin and calmodulin-like genes in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) and their involvement in flower and fruit development. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:626. [PMID: 38961401 PMCID: PMC11220982 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins play regulatory roles in plant growth and development, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and other biological processes. As a popular fruit and ornamental crop, it is important to explore the regulatory mechanism of flower and fruit development of passion fruit. RESULTS In this study, 32 PeCaM/PeCML genes were identified from passion fruit genome and were divided into 9 groups based on phylogenetic analysis. The structural analysis, including conserved motifs, gene structure and homologous modeling, illustrates that the PeCaM/PeCML in the same subgroup have relative conserved structural features. Collinearity analysis suggested that the expansion of the CaM/CML gene family likely took place mainly by segmental duplication, and the whole genome replication events were closely related with the rapid expansion of the gene group. PeCaM/PeCMLs were potentially required for different floral tissues development. Significantly, PeCML26 had extremely high expression levels during ovule and fruit development compared with other PeCML genes, suggesting that PeCML26 had potential functions involved in the development of passion fruit flowers and fruits. The co-presence of various cis-elements associated with growth and development, hormone responsiveness, and stress responsiveness in the promoter regions of these PeCaM/PeCMLs might contribute to their diverse regulatory roles. Furthermore, PeCaM/PeCMLs were also induced by various abiotic stresses. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the CaM/CML gene family and valuable clues for future studies on the function and evolution of CaM/CML genes in passion fruit. CONCLUSION A total of 32 PeCaM/PeCML genes were divided into 9 groups. The PeCaM/PeCML genes showed differential expression patterns in floral tissues at different development stages. It is worth noting that PeCML26, which is highly homologous to AtCaM2, not only interacts with multiple BBR-BPC TFs, but also has high expression levels during ovule and fruit development, suggesting that PeCML26 had potential functions involved in the development of passion fruit flowers and fruits. This research lays the foundation for future investigations and validation of the potential function of PeCaM/PeCML genes in the growth and development of passion fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning Investigation Station of South Subtropical Fruit Trees, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, 530007, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lumiao Du
- Horticulture Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning Investigation Station of South Subtropical Fruit Trees, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, 530007, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jinting Lin
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Biao Deng
- Horticulture Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning Investigation Station of South Subtropical Fruit Trees, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Fine Variety Breeding Farm in Xinluo District, Longyan, 364000, China
| | - Weiqiang Su
- Horticulture Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning Investigation Station of South Subtropical Fruit Trees, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, 364000, China
| | - Yuming Lu
- Horticulture Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning Investigation Station of South Subtropical Fruit Trees, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning Investigation Station of South Subtropical Fruit Trees, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, 530007, China.
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Yi F, Li Y, Song A, Shi X, Hu S, Wu S, Shao L, Chu Z, Xu K, Li L, Tran LP, Li W, Cai Y. Positive roles of the Ca 2+ sensors GbCML45 and GbCML50 in improving cotton Verticillium wilt resistance. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13483. [PMID: 38829344 PMCID: PMC11146148 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
As a universal second messenger, cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) functions in multifaceted intracellular processes, including growth, development and responses to biotic/abiotic stresses in plant. The plant-specific Ca2+ sensors, calmodulin and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins, function as members of the second-messenger system to transfer Ca2+ signal into downstream responses. However, the functions of CMLs in the responses of cotton (Gossypium spp.) after Verticillium dahliae infection, which causes the serious vascular disease Verticillium wilt, remain elusive. Here, we discovered that the expression level of GbCML45 was promoted after V. dahliae infection in roots of cotton, suggesting its potential role in Verticillium wilt resistance. We found that knockdown of GbCML45 in cotton plants decreased resistance while overexpression of GbCML45 in Arabidopsis thaliana plants enhanced resistance to V. dahliae infection. Furthermore, there was physiological interaction between GbCML45 and its close homologue GbCML50 by using yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence assays, and both proteins enhanced cotton resistance to V. dahliae infection in a Ca2+-dependent way in a knockdown study. Detailed investigations indicated that several defence-related pathways, including salicylic acid, ethylene, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide signalling pathways, as well as accumulations of lignin and callose, are responsible for GbCML45- and GbCML50-modulated V. dahliae resistance in cotton. These results collectively indicated that GbCML45 and GbCML50 act as positive regulators to improve cotton Verticillium wilt resistance, providing potential targets for exploitation of improved Verticillium wilt-tolerant cotton cultivars by genetic engineering and molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Yuzhe Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Aosong Song
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Xinying Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Shanci Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Shuang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Lili Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Zongyan Chu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Kun Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
- Jilin Da'an Agro‐Ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Liangliang Li
- Jilin Da'an Agro‐Ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Lam‐Son Phan Tran
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress ResistanceTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Jilin Da'an Agro‐Ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Yingfan Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
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Liu J, Zhang J, Wei Y, Su W, Li W, Wang B, Peng D, Gheysen G, Peng H, Dai L. The nematode effector calreticulin competes with the high mobility group protein OsHMGB1 for binding to the rice calmodulin-like protein OsCML31 to enhance rice susceptibility to Meloidogyne graminicola. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1732-1746. [PMID: 38311858 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola secretes effectors into rice tissues to modulate host immunity. Here, we characterised MgCRT1, a calreticulin protein of M. graminicola, and identified its target in the plant. In situ hybridisation showed MgCRT1 mRNA accumulating in the subventral oesophageal gland in J2 nematodes. Immunolocalization indicated MgCRT1 localises in the giant cells during parasitism. Host-induced gene silencing of MgCRT1 reduced the infection ability of M. graminicola, while over-expressing MgCRT1 enhanced rice susceptibility to M. graminicola. A yeast two-hybrid approach identified the calmodulin-like protein OsCML31 as an interactor of MgCRT1. OsCML31 interacts with the high mobility group protein OsHMGB1 which is a conserved DNA binding protein. Knockout of OsCML31 or overexpression of OsHMGB1 in rice results in enhanced susceptibility to M. graminicola. In contrast, overexpression of OsCML31 or knockout of OsHMGB1 in rice decreases susceptibility to M. graminicola. The GST-pulldown and luciferase complementation imaging assay showed that MgCRT1 decreases the interaction of OsCML31 and OsHMGB1 in a competitive manner. In conclusion, when M. graminicola infects rice and secretes MgCRT1 into rice, MgCRT1 interacts with OsCML31 and decreases the association of OsCML31 with OsHMGB1, resulting in the release of OsHMGB1 to enhance rice susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jiaqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Su
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Deliang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Godelieve Gheysen
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Huan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangying Dai
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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5
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Hsieh YSY, Kao MR, Tucker MR. The knowns and unknowns of callose biosynthesis in terrestrial plants. Carbohydr Res 2024; 538:109103. [PMID: 38555659 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Callose, a linear (1,3)-β-glucan, is an indispensable carbohydrate polymer required for plant growth and development. Advances in biochemical, genetic, and genomic tools, along with specific antibodies, have significantly enhanced our understanding of callose biosynthesis. As additional components of the callose synthase machinery emerge, the elucidation of molecular biosynthetic mechanisms is expected to follow. Short-term objectives involve defining the stoichiometry and turnover rates of callose synthase subunits. Long-term goals include generating recombinant callose synthases to elucidate their biochemical properties and molecular mechanisms, potentially culminating in the determination of callose synthase three-dimensional structure. This review delves into the structures and intricate molecular processes underlying callose biosynthesis, emphasizing regulatory elements and assembly mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves S Y Hsieh
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
| | - Mu-Rong Kao
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia.
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Yang D, Chen T, Wu Y, Tang H, Yu J, Dai X, Zheng Y, Wan X, Yang Y, Tan X. Genome-wide analysis of the peanut CaM/CML gene family reveals that the AhCML69 gene is associated with resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:200. [PMID: 38378471 PMCID: PMC10880322 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calmodulins (CaMs)/CaM-like proteins (CMLs) are crucial Ca2+-binding sensors that can decode and transduce Ca2+ signals during plant development and in response to various stimuli. The CaM/CML gene family has been characterized in many plant species, but this family has not yet been characterized and analyzed in peanut, especially for its functions in response to Ralstonia solanacearum. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis to analyze the CaM/CML genes and their functions in resistance to R. solanacearum. RESULTS Here, 67, 72, and 214 CaM/CML genes were identified from Arachis duranensis, Arachis ipaensis, and Arachis hypogaea, respectively. The genes were divided into nine subgroups (Groups I-IX) with relatively conserved exon‒intron structures and motif compositions. Gene duplication, which included whole-genome duplication, tandem repeats, scattered repeats, and unconnected repeats, produced approximately 81 pairs of homologous genes in the AhCaM/CML gene family. Allopolyploidization was the main reason for the greater number of AhCaM/CML members. The nonsynonymous (Ka) versus synonymous (Ks) substitution rates (less than 1.0) suggested that all homologous pairs underwent intensive purifying selection pressure during evolution. AhCML69 was constitutively expressed in different tissues of peanut plants and was involved in the response to R. solanacearum infection. The AhCML69 protein was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Transient overexpression of AhCML69 in tobacco leaves increased resistance to R. solanacearum infection and induced the expression of defense-related genes, suggesting that AhCML69 is a positive regulator of disease resistance. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the AhCaM/CML gene family and potential genetic resources for the molecular design and breeding of peanut bacterial wilt resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Yushuang Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiquan Tang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyi Yu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Dai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Yixiong Zheng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaorong Wan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaodan Tan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China.
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Zeng H, Zhu Q, Yuan P, Yan Y, Yi K, Du L. Calmodulin and calmodulin-like protein-mediated plant responses to biotic stresses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3680-3703. [PMID: 37575022 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a set of finely regulated mechanisms to respond to various biotic stresses. Transient changes in intracellular calcium (Ca2+ ) concentration have been well documented to act as cellular signals in coupling environmental stimuli to appropriate physiological responses with astonishing accuracy and specificity in plants. Calmodulins (CaMs) and calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are extensively characterized as important classes of Ca2+ sensors. The spatial-temporal coordination between Ca2+ transients, CaMs/CMLs and their target proteins is critical for plant responses to environmental stresses. Ca2+ -loaded CaMs/CMLs interact with and regulate a broad spectrum of target proteins, such as ion transporters (including channels, pumps, and antiporters), transcription factors, protein kinases, protein phosphatases, metabolic enzymes and proteins with unknown biological functions. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying how CaMs/CMLs are involved in the regulation of plant responses to diverse biotic stresses including pathogen infections and herbivore attacks. Recent discoveries of crucial functions of CaMs/CMLs and their target proteins in biotic stress resistance revealed through physiological, molecular, biochemical, and genetic analyses have been described, and intriguing insights into the CaM/CML-mediated regulatory network are proposed. Perspectives for future directions in understanding CaM/CML-mediated signalling pathways in plant responses to biotic stresses are discussed. The application of accumulated knowledge of CaM/CML-mediated signalling in biotic stress responses into crop cultivation would improve crop resistance to various biotic stresses and safeguard our food production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuqing Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiguo Yuan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Keke Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Du
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Xiang S, Wang J, Wang X, Ma X, Peng H, Zhu X, Huang J, Ran M, Ma L, Sun X. A chitosan-coated lentinan-loaded calcium alginate hydrogel induces broad-spectrum resistance to plant viruses by activating Nicotiana benthamiana calmodulin-like (CML) protein 3. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3592-3610. [PMID: 37551976 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Control of plant virus diseases largely depends on the induced plant defence achieved by the external application of synthetic chemical inducers with the ability to modify defence-signalling pathways. However, most of the molecular mechanisms underlying these chemical inducers remain unknown. Here, we developed a chitosan-coated lentinan-loaded hydrogel and discovered how it protects plants from different virus infections. The hydrogel was synthesized by coating chitosan on the surface of the calcium alginate-lentinan (LNT) hydrogel (SL-gel) to form a CSL-gel. CSL-gels exhibit the capacity to prolong the stable release of lentinan and promote Ca2+ release. Application of CSL-gels on the root of plants induces broad-spectrum resistance against plant viruses (TMV, TRV, PVX and TuMV). RNA-seq analysis identified that Nicotiana benthamiana calmodulin-like protein gene 3 (NbCML3) is upregulated by the sustained release of Ca2+ from the CSL-gel, and silencing and overexpression of NbCML alter the susceptibility and resistance of tobacco to TMV. Our findings provide evidence that this novel and synthetic CSL-gel strongly inhibits the infection of plant viruses by the sustainable release of LNT and Ca2+ . This study uncovers a novel mode of action by which CSL-gels trigger NbCML3 expression through the stable and sustained release of Ca2+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyu Xiang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaozhou Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoran Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mao Ran
- Chongqing Tobacco Science Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Lisong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Negi NP, Prakash G, Narwal P, Panwar R, Kumar D, Chaudhry B, Rustagi A. The calcium connection: exploring the intricacies of calcium signaling in plant-microbe interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1248648. [PMID: 37849843 PMCID: PMC10578444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1248648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The process of plant immune response is orchestrated by intracellular signaling molecules. Since plants are devoid of a humoral system, they develop extensive mechanism of pathogen recognition, signal perception, and intricate cell signaling for their protection from biotic and abiotic stresses. The pathogenic attack induces calcium ion accumulation in the plant cells, resulting in calcium signatures that regulate the synthesis of proteins of defense system. These calcium signatures induct different calcium dependent proteins such as calmodulins (CaMs), calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) and other signaling molecules to orchestrate the complex defense signaling. Using advanced biotechnological tools, the role of Ca2+ signaling during plant-microbe interactions and the role of CaM/CMLs and CDPKs in plant defense mechanism has been revealed to some extent. The Emerging perspectives on calcium signaling in plant-microbe interactions suggest that this complex interplay could be harnessed to improve plant resistance against pathogenic microbes. We present here an overview of current understanding in calcium signatures during plant-microbe interaction so as to imbibe a future direction of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Prabha Negi
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Geeta Prakash
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, New Delhi, India
| | - Parul Narwal
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Ruby Panwar
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Chen X, Zou K, Li X, Chen F, Cheng Y, Li S, Tian L, Shang S. Transcriptomic Analysis of the Response of Susceptible and Resistant Bitter Melon ( Momordica charantia L.) to Powdery Mildew Infection Revealing Complex Resistance via Multiple Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14262. [PMID: 37762563 PMCID: PMC10532008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The challenge of mitigating the decline in both yield and fruit quality due to the intrusion of powdery mildew (PM) fungus looms as a pivotal concern in the domain of bitter melon cultivation. Yet, the intricate mechanisms that underlie resistance against this pathogen remain inscrutable for the vast majority of bitter melon variants. In this inquiry, we delve deeply into the intricate spectrum of physiological variations and transcriptomic fluctuations intrinsic to the PM-resistant strain identified as '04-17-4' (R), drawing a sharp contrast with the PM-susceptible counterpart, designated as '25-15' (S), throughout the encounter with the pathogenic agent Podosphaera xanthii. In the face of the challenge presented by P. xanthii, the robust cultivar displays an extraordinary capacity to prolong the initiation of the pathogen's primary growth stage. The comprehensive exploration culminates in the discernment of 6635 and 6954 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in R and S strains, respectively. Clarification through the lens of enrichment analyses reveals a prevalence of enriched DEGs in pathways interconnected with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, the interaction of plants with pathogens, and the signaling of plant hormones. Significantly, in the scope of the R variant, DEGs implicated in the pathways of plant-pathogen interaction phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, encompassing components such as calcium-binding proteins, calmodulin, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, conspicuously exhibit an escalated tendency upon the encounter with P. xanthii infection. Simultaneously, the genes governing the synthesis and transduction of SA undergo a marked surge in activation, while their counterparts in the JA signaling pathway experience inhibition following infection. These observations underscore the pivotal role played by SA/JA signaling cascades in choreographing the mechanism of resistance against P. xanthii in the R variant. Moreover, the recognition of 40 P. xanthii-inducible genes, encompassing elements such as pathogenesis-related proteins, calmodulin, WRKY transcription factors, and Downy mildew resistant 6, assumes pronounced significance as they emerge as pivotal contenders in the domain of disease control. The zenith of this study harmonizes multiple analytical paradigms, thus capturing latent molecular participants and yielding seminal resources crucial for the advancement of PM-resistant bitter melon cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Chen
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Tropical Horticultural Crops Quality Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Kaixi Zou
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Tropical Horticultural Crops Quality Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xuzhen Li
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Tropical Horticultural Crops Quality Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Feifan Chen
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Tropical Horticultural Crops Quality Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuyu Cheng
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Tropical Horticultural Crops Quality Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shanming Li
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Libo Tian
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Tropical Horticultural Crops Quality Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Sang Shang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Jayaprakash A, Roy A, Thanmalagan RR, Arunachalam A, P T V L. Understanding the mechanism of pathogenicity through interactome studies between Arachis hypogaea L. and Aspergillus flavus. J Proteomics 2023; 287:104975. [PMID: 37482270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) infects the peanut seeds during pre-and post-harvest stages, causing seed quality destruction for humans and livestock consumption. Even though many resistant varieties were developed, the molecular mechanism of defense interactions of peanut against A. flavus still needs further investigation. Hence, an interologous host-pathogen protein interaction (HPPI) network was constructed to understand the subcellular level interaction mechanism between peanut and A. flavus. Out of the top 10 hub proteins of both organisms, protein phosphatase 2C and cyclic nucleotide-binding/kinase domain-containing protein and different ribosomal proteins were identified as candidate proteins involved in defense. Functional annotation and subcellular localization based characterization of HPPI identified protein SGT1 homolog, calmodulin and Rac-like GTP-binding proteins to be involved in defense response against fungus. The relevance of HPPI in infectious conditions was assessed using two transcriptome data which identified the interplay of host kinase class R proteins, bHLH TFs and cell wall related proteins to impart resistance against pathogen infection. Further, the pathogenicity analysis identified glycogen phosphorylase and molecular chaperone and allergen Mod-E/Hsp90/Hsp1 as potential pathogen targets to enhance the host defense mechanism. Hence, the computationally predicted host-pathogen PPI network could provide valuable support for molecular biology experiments to understand the host-pathogen interaction. SIGNIFICANCE: Protein-protein interactions execute significant cellular interactions in an organism and are influenced majorly by stress conditions. Here we reported the host-pathogen protein-protein interaction between peanut and A. flavus, and a detailed network analysis based on function, subcellular localization, gene co-expression, and pathogenicity was performed. The network analysis identified key proteins such as host kinase class R proteins, calmodulin, SGT1 homolog, Rac-like GTP-binding proteins bHLH TFs and cell wall related to impart resistance against pathogen infection. We observed the interplay of defense related proteins and cell wall related proteins predominantly, which could be subjected to further studies. The network analysis described in this study could be applied to understand other host-pathogen systems generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiswarya Jayaprakash
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Abhijeet Roy
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Raja Rajeswary Thanmalagan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Annamalai Arunachalam
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Lakshmi P T V
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India.
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Hao Q, Yang H, Chen S, Qu Y, Zhang C, Chen L, Cao D, Yuan S, Guo W, Yang Z, Huang Y, Shan Z, Chen H, Zhou X. RNA-Seq and Comparative Transcriptomic Analyses of Asian Soybean Rust Resistant and Susceptible Soybean Genotypes Provide Insights into Identifying Disease Resistance Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13450. [PMID: 37686258 PMCID: PMC10487414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is one of the most destructive foliar diseases that affect soybeans. Developing resistant cultivars is the most cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and easy strategy for controlling the disease. However, the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying soybean resistance to P. pachyrhizi remains limited, which poses a significant challenge in devising effective control strategies. In this study, comparative transcriptomic profiling using one resistant genotype and one susceptible genotype was performed under infected and control conditions to understand the regulatory network operating between soybean and P. pachyrhizi. RNA-Seq analysis identified a total of 6540 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were shared by all four genotypes. The DEGs are involved in defense responses, stress responses, stimulus responses, flavonoid metabolism, and biosynthesis after infection with P. pachyrhizi. A total of 25,377 genes were divided into 33 modules using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Two modules were significantly associated with pathogen defense. The DEGs were mainly enriched in RNA processing, plant-type hypersensitive response, negative regulation of cell growth, and a programmed cell death process. In conclusion, these results will provide an important resource for mining resistant genes to P. pachyrhizi infection and valuable resources to potentially pyramid quantitative resistance loci for improving soybean germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingnan Hao
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hongli Yang
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shuilian Chen
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yanhui Qu
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- The Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhang
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Limiao Chen
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Dong Cao
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Songli Yuan
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhonglu Yang
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhihui Shan
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xinan Zhou
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.H.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.Y.); (W.G.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
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Tian S, Liu B, Shen Y, Cao S, Lai Y, Lu G, Wang Z, Wang A. Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms of Tomatoes' Defense against Botrytis cinerea: Insights from Transcriptome Analysis of Micro-Tom and Regular Tomato Varieties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2965. [PMID: 37631176 PMCID: PMC10459989 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a devastating fungal pathogen that causes severe economic losses in global tomato cultivation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving tomatoes' response to this pathogen is crucial for developing effective strategies to counter it. Although the Micro-Tom (MT) cultivar has been used as a model, its stage-specific response to B. cinerea remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the response of the MT and Ailsa Craig (AC) cultivars to B. cinerea at different time points (12-48 h post-infection (hpi)). Our results indicated that MT exhibited a stronger resistant phenotype at 18-24 hpi but became more susceptible to B. cinerea later (26-48 hpi) compared to AC. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential gene expression between MT at 24 hpi and AC at 22 hpi, with MT showing a greater number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Pathway and functional annotation analysis revealed significant differential gene expression in processes related to metabolism, biological regulation, detoxification, photosynthesis, and carbon metabolism, as well as some immune system-related genes. MT demonstrated an increased reliance on Ca2+ pathway-related proteins, such as CNGCs, CDPKs, and CaMCMLs, to resist B. cinerea invasion. B. cinerea infection induced the activation of PTI, ETI, and SA signaling pathways, involving the modulation of various genes such as FLS2, BAK1, CERK1, RPM, SGT1, and EDS1. Furthermore, transcription factors such as WRKY, MYB, NAC, and AUX/IAA families played crucial regulatory roles in tomatoes' defense against B. cinerea. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying tomatoes' defense against B. cinerea and offer potential strategies to enhance plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.T.); (Y.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (G.L.)
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Bojing Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Yanan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.T.); (Y.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Shasha Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.T.); (Y.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Yinyan Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.T.); (Y.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Guodong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.T.); (Y.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.T.); (Y.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (G.L.)
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Airong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.T.); (Y.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (G.L.)
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou 350003, China
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Li L, Guo N, Cao Y, Zhai X, Fan G. Genome-Wide Characterization of Calmodulin and Calmodulin-like Protein Gene Families in Paulownia fortunei and Identification of Their Potential Involvement in Paulownia Witches' Broom. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1540. [PMID: 37628592 PMCID: PMC10454933 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As significant Ca2+ sensors, calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like proteins (CML), have been associated with a variety of environmental conditions in plants. However, whether CaMs/CMLs are related to the stress of phytoplasma infection has not been reported in Paulownia fortunei. In the current study, 5 PfCaMs and 58 PfCMLs were detected through a genome-wide investigation. The number of EF-hand motifs in all PfCaMs/CMLs varied. Bioinformatics analyses, including protein characteristics, conserved domain, gene structure, cis-elements, evolutionary relationship, collinearity, chromosomal location, post-translation modification site, subcellular localization and expression pattern analyses, represented the conservation and divergence of PfCaMs/CMLs. Furthermore, some PfCaMs/CMLs might be involved in plants' reaction to phytoplasma infection and exogenous calcium therapy, indicating these genes may play a role in abiotic as well as biotic stress responses. In addition, subcellular localization analysis showed that PfCML10 was located in the cell membrane and nucleus. In summary, these findings establish a stronger platform for their subsequent functional investigation in trees and further characterize their roles in Paulownia witches' broom (PaWB) occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Li
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (L.L.); (N.G.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Na Guo
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (L.L.); (N.G.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yabing Cao
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (L.L.); (N.G.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | | | - Guoqiang Fan
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (L.L.); (N.G.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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15
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Zhang L, Wu Y, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Wei F, Zhu QH, Zhou J, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Feng H, Sun J. Acetylation of GhCaM7 enhances cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1405-1424. [PMID: 36948889 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein lysine acetylation is an important post-translational modification mechanism involved in cellular regulation in eukaryotes. Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous Ca2+ sensor in eukaryotes and is crucial for plant immunity, but it is so far unclear whether acetylation is involved in CaM-mediated plant immunity. Here, we found that GhCaM7 is acetylated upon Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae) infection and a positive regulator of V. dahliae resistance. Overexpressing GhCaM7 in cotton and Arabidopsis enhances V. dahliae resistance and knocking-down GhCaM7 makes cotton more susceptible to V. dahliae. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing GhCaM7 with mutation at the acetylation site are more susceptible to V. dahliae than transgenics overexpressing the wild-type GhCaM7, implying the importance of the acetylated GhCaM7 in response to V. dahliae infection. Yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescent complementation, luciferase complementation imaging, and coimmunoprecipitation assays demonstrated interaction between GhCaM7 and an osmotin protein GhOSM34 that was shown to have a positive role in V. dahliae resistance. GhCaM7 and GhOSM34 are co-localized in the cell membrane. Upon V. dahliae infection, the Ca2+ content reduces almost instantly in plants with downregulated GhCaM7 or GhOSM34. Down regulating GhOSM34 enhances accumulation of Na+ and increases cell osmotic pressure. Comparative transcriptomic analyses between cotton plants with an increased or reduced expression level of GhCaM7 and wild-type plants indicate the involvement of jasmonic acid signaling pathways and reactive oxygen species in GhCaM7-enabled disease resistance. Together, these results demonstrate the involvement of CaM protein in the interaction between cotton and V. dahliae, and more importantly, the involvement of the acetylated CaM in the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yajie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yongang Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Feng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Qian-Hao Zhu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Jinglong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hongjie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
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16
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Wang L, Liu Z, Han S, Liu P, Sadeghnezhad E, Liu M. Growth or survival: What is the role of calmodulin-like proteins in plant? Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124733. [PMID: 37148925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Calcium signalling, including pulse, amplitude, and duration, is essential for plant development and response to various stimuli. However, the calcium signalling should be decoded and translated by calcium sensors. In plants, three classes of calcium-binding proteins have been identified as calcium sensors, including calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK), calcineurin B-like protein (CBL), and calmodulin (CaM). Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), which have several EF-hands, also serve as specific calcium sensors and can sense, bind, and interpret the calcium signal during the plant's growth and defense decision-making processes. In recent decades, the function of CMLs in plant development and response to various stimuli has been systematically reviewed, shedding light on the molecular mechanism of plant CML-mediated networks in calcium signal transduction. Here, by providing an overview of CML expression and biological function in plants, we demonstrate that growth-defense trade-offs occur during calcium sensing, an aspect that has not been well studied in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Shoukun Han
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
| | - Ehsan Sadeghnezhad
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mengjun Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
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Bei X, Wang S, Huang X, Zhang X, Zhou J, Zhang H, Li G, Cheng C. Characterization of three tandem-duplicated calcium binding protein (CaBP) genes and promoters reveals their roles in the phytohormone and wounding responses in citrus. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:1162-1173. [PMID: 36473528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated evidences have revealed the critical roles of calcium binding protein (CaBP) in growth and stress responses of plants. However, its function in woody plants is poorly understood. In this study, we cloned the CDS, gDNA and promoter sequences of three tandem-duplicated CaBPs (CsCaBP1, CsCaBP2 and CsCaBP3) from Citrus sinensis, analyzed their sequence characteristics, and investigated their gene expression patterns and promoter activities under treatments of CaCl2, several phytohormones and wounding. Results showed that the three CsCaBPs have high sequence similarity. Their expression was strongly induced by CaCl2, ethylene, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and wounding, and the promoting effect of wounding on their expression was found to be partially ethylene-dependent. Consistently, we identified many phytohormone-related cis-acting elements in their promoters, and their promoter activity could be induced significantly by ethylene, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and wounding. All the three CsCaBPs can interact with WRKY40, whose encoding gene showed a similar expression pattern to CsCaBPs under phytohormone and wounding treatments. In addition, CsERF14, CsERF21, CsERF3 and CsERF2 could bind to their promoters. The results obtained in this study indicated that the three duplicated CsCaBPs were functionally redundant and played similar roles in the phytohormone and wounding responses of C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Bei
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Bio-Resources, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China.
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000, China
| | - Xia Huang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Bio-Resources, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Bio-Resources, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Bio-Resources, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Huiting Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Bio-Resources, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Guoguo Li
- Horticultural Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Chunzhen Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China.
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18
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Vu MH, Hyun TK, Bahk S, Jo Y, Kumar R, Thiruppathi D, Iswanto ABB, Chung WS, Shelake RM, Kim JY. ROS-mediated plasmodesmal regulation requires a network of an Arabidopsis receptor-like kinase, calmodulin-like proteins, and callose synthases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1107224. [PMID: 36743578 PMCID: PMC9893415 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1107224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodesmata (PD) play a critical role in symplasmic communication, coordinating plant activities related to growth & development, and environmental stress responses. Most developmental and environmental stress signals induce reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling in the apoplast that causes PD closure by callose deposition. Although the apoplastic ROS signals are primarily perceived at the plasma membrane (PM) by receptor-like kinases (RLKs), such components involved in PD regulation are not yet known. Here, we show that an Arabidopsis NOVEL CYS-RICH RECEPTOR KINASE (NCRK), a PD-localized protein, is required for plasmodesmal callose deposition in response to ROS stress. We identified the involvement of NCRK in callose accumulation at PD channels in either basal level or ROS-dependent manner. Loss-of-function mutant (ncrk) of NCRK induces impaired callose accumulation at the PD under the ROS stress resembling a phenotype of the PD-regulating GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE 4 (gsl4) knock-out plant. The overexpression of transgenic NCRK can complement the callose and the PD permeability phenotypes of ncrk mutants but not kinase-inactive NCRK variants or Cys-mutant NCRK, in which Cys residues were mutated in Cys-rich repeat ectodomain. Interestingly, NCRK mediates plasmodesmal permeability in mechanical injury-mediated signaling pathways regulated by GSL4. Furthermore, we show that NCRK interacts with calmodulin-like protein 41 (CML41) and GSL4 in response to ROS stress. Altogether, our data indicate that NCRK functions as an upstream regulator of PD callose accumulation in response to ROS-mediated stress signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Huy Vu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Hyun
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwha Bahk
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhwa Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dhineshkumar Thiruppathi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sik Chung
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Rahul Mahadev Shelake
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Research and Development Center, Nulla Bio Inc 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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19
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Liu Y, Yin F, Liao L, Shuai L. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of calmodulin-like proteins in cucumber. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14637. [PMID: 36655051 PMCID: PMC9841910 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The calmodulin-like (CML) protein is a crucial Ca2+-binding protein that can sense and conduct the Ca2+ signal in response to extracellular stimuli. The CML protein families have been identified and characterized in many species. Nevertheless, scarce information on cucumber CML is retrievable. Methods In this study, bioinformatic analyses, including gene structure, conserved domain, phylogenetic relationship, chromosome distribution, and gene synteny, were comprehensively performed to identify and characterize CsCML gene members. Spatiotemporal expression analysis in different organs and environment conditions were assayed with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results Forty-four CsCMLs family members were well characterized, and the results showed that the 44 CsCML proteins contained one to four EF-hand domains without other functional domains. Most of the CsCML proteins were intron-less and unevenly distributed on seven chromosomes; two tandemly duplicated gene pairs and three segmentally duplicated gene pairs were identified in the cucumber genome. Cis-acting element analysis showed that the hormone, stress, and plant growth and development-related elements were in the promotor regions. In addition, spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed distinctive expression patterns for CsCML genes in different tissues and environmental conditions, and a putative protein interaction network also confirmed their potential role in responding to various stimuli. These results provide a foundation for understanding CsCMLs and provide a theoretical basis for further study of the physiological functions of CsCMLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfen Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering/Institute of Food Science and Engineering Techology, Hezhou University, Hezhou, Guangxi, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Health Care Food Science and Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Feilong Yin
- College of Food and Biological Engineering/Institute of Food Science and Engineering Techology, Hezhou University, Hezhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Lingyan Liao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering/Institute of Food Science and Engineering Techology, Hezhou University, Hezhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Liang Shuai
- College of Food and Biological Engineering/Institute of Food Science and Engineering Techology, Hezhou University, Hezhou, Guangxi, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Health Care Food Science and Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou, Guangxi, China
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20
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Calcium decoders and their targets: The holy alliance that regulate cellular responses in stress signaling. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 134:371-439. [PMID: 36858741 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is versatile communication network in the cell. Stimuli perceived by cells are transposed through Ca2+-signature, and are decoded by plethora of Ca2+ sensors present in the cell. Calmodulin, calmodulin-like proteins, Ca2+-dependent protein kinases and calcineurin B-like proteins are major classes of proteins that decode the Ca2+ signature and serve in the propagation of signals to different parts of cells by targeting downstream proteins. These decoders and their targets work together to elicit responses against diverse stress stimuli. Over a period of time, significant attempts have been made to characterize as well as summarize elements of this signaling machinery. We begin with a structural overview and amalgamate the newly identified Ca2+ sensor protein in plants. Their ability to bind Ca2+, undergo conformational changes, and how it facilitates binding to a wide variety of targets is further embedded. Subsequently, we summarize the recent progress made on the functional characterization of Ca2+ sensing machinery and in particular their target proteins in stress signaling. We have focused on the physiological role of Ca2+, the Ca2+ sensing machinery, and the mode of regulation on their target proteins during plant stress adaptation. Additionally, we also discuss the role of these decoders and their mode of regulation on the target proteins during abiotic, hormone signaling and biotic stress responses in plants. Finally, here, we have enumerated the limitations and challenges in the Ca2+ signaling. This article will greatly enable in understanding the current picture of plant response and adaptation during diverse stimuli through the lens of Ca2+ signaling.
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21
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Carpentier S, Aldon D, Berthomé R, Galaud JP. Is there a specific calcium signal out there to decode combined biotic stress and temperature elevation? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1004406. [PMID: 36407594 PMCID: PMC9669060 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1004406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Carpentier
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Didier Aldon
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Richard Berthomé
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Galaud
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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22
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Liu C, Zhang J, Wang J, Liu W, Wang K, Chen X, Wen Y, Tian S, Pu Y, Fan G, Ma X, Sun X. Tobacco mosaic virus hijacks its coat protein-interacting protein IP-L to inhibit NbCML30, a calmodulin-like protein, to enhance its infection. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:677-693. [PMID: 36087000 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is an important plant immune signal that is essential for activating host resistance, but how RNA viruses manipulate calcium signals to promote their infections remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein (CP)-interacting protein L (IP-L) associates with calmodulin-like protein 30 (NbCML30) in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and can suppress its expression at the nucleic acid and protein levels. NbCML30, which lacks the EF-hand conserved domain and cannot bind to Ca2+ , was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus and was downregulated by TMV infection. NbCML30 silencing promoted TMV infection, while its overexpression inhibited TMV infection by activating Ca2+ -dependent oxidative stress in plants. NbCML30-mediated resistance to TMV mainly depends on IP-L regulation as the facilitation of TMV infection by silencing NbCML30 was canceled by co-silencing NbCML30 and IP-L. Overall, these findings indicate that in the absence of any reported silencing suppressor activity, TMV CP manipulates IP-L to inhibit NbCML30, influencing its Ca2+ -dependent role in the oxidative stress response. These results lay a theoretical foundation that will enable us to engineer tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) with improved TMV resistance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyun Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Weina Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxia Wen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaorui Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Yundan Pu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjin Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhou Ma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
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23
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Guo M, Hou J, Li C, Qu L, Huang R, Liu J, Ge Y. Acibenzolar-S-methyl activates calcium signalling to mediate lignin synthesis in the exocarp of Docteur Jules Guyot pears. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 190:174-183. [PMID: 36116226 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
'Docteur Jules Guyot' pears were immersed in acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and 0.01 mol L-1 ethyl glycol tetra acetic acid (EGTA) to investigate the changes of Ca2+ receptor proteins and phenylpropanoid pathway. Results showed that ASM treatment increased the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) in the exocarp of pears, whereas EGTA pre-treatment inhibited the activities of these enzymes. ASM treatment also enhanced the transcription of PcPAL, PcC4H, Pc4CL, PcC3H, PcCOMT, PcCCoAOMT, PcCCR, PcPOD, PcCDPK1, PcCDPK2, PcCDPK5, PcCDPK11, PcCDPK13, PcCBL1, PcCBL9, PcCIPK14, and PcCML27 in pears. EGTA + ASM treatments inhibited the transcription of PcPAL, PcC4H, Pc4CL, PcC3H, PcCCR, PcF5H, PcCAD, PcCDPK11, PcCDPK26, PcCDPK32, PcCBL1, PcCIPK14, PcCIPK23, and PcCaM in the fruit. All these results indicated that ASM induced the gene expressions of Ca2+ receptor proteins, the key enzyme activities and gene expressions in phenylpropanoid pathway; Ca2+ mediated phenylpropane metabolism in pears after ASM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Jiabao Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Canying Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China.
| | - Linhong Qu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Rui Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Yonghong Ge
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China.
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24
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Yu S, Wu J, Sun Y, Zhu H, Sun Q, Zhao P, Huang R, Guo Z. A calmodulin-like protein (CML10) interacts with cytosolic enzymes GSTU8 and FBA6 to regulate cold tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1321-1333. [PMID: 35751606 PMCID: PMC9516781 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are calcium (Ca2+) sensors involved in plant growth and development as well as adaptation to environmental stresses; however, their roles in plant responses to cold are not well understood. To reveal the role of MsCML10 from alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in regulating cold tolerance, we examined transgenic alfalfa and Medicago truncatula overexpressing MsCML10, MsCML10-RNAi alfalfa, and a M. truncatula cml10-1 mutant and identified MsCML10-interacting proteins. MsCML10 and MtCML10 transcripts were induced by cold treatment. Upregulation or downregulation of MsCML10 resulted in increased or decreased cold tolerance, respectively, while cml10-1 showed decreased cold tolerance that was complemented by expressing MsCML10, suggesting that MsCML10 regulates cold tolerance. MsCML10 interacted with glutathione S-transferase (MsGSTU8) and fructose 1,6-biphosphate aldolase (MsFBA6), and the interaction depended on the presence of Ca2+. The altered activities of Glutathione S-transferase and FBA and levels of ROS and sugars were associated with MsCML10 transcript levels. We propose that MsCML10 decodes the cold-induced Ca2+ signal and regulates cold tolerance through activating MsGSTU8 and MsFBA6, leading to improved maintenance of ROS homeostasis and increased accumulation of sugars for osmoregulation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Yu
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wu
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanmei Sun
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiguo Sun
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Risheng Huang
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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25
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Geng X, Gao Z, Zhao L, Zhang S, Wu J, Yang Q, Liu S, Chen X. Comparative transcriptome analysis of resistant and susceptible wheat in response to Rhizoctonia cerealis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:235. [PMID: 35534832 PMCID: PMC9087934 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sheath blight is an important disease caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis that affects wheat yields worldwide. No wheat varieties have been identified with high resistance or immunity to sheath blight. Understanding the sheath blight resistance mechanism is essential for controlling this disease. In this study, we investigated the response of wheat to Rhizoctonia cerealis infection by analyzing the cytological changes and transcriptomes of common wheat 7182 with moderate sensitivity to sheath blight and H83 with moderate resistance. RESULTS The cytological observation showed that the growth of Rhizoctonia cerealis on the surface and its expansion inside the leaf sheath tissue were more rapid in the susceptible material. According to the transcriptome sequencing results, a total of 88685 genes were identified in both materials, including 20156 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of which 12087 was upregulated genes and 8069 was downregulated genes. At 36 h post-inoculation, compared with the uninfected control, 11498 DEGs were identified in resistant materials, with 5064 downregulated genes and 6434 upregulated genes, and 13058 genes were detected in susceptible materials, with 6759 downregulated genes and 6299 upregulated genes. At 72 h post-inoculation, compared with the uninfected control, 6578 DEGs were detected in resistant materials, with 2991 downregulated genes and 3587 upregulated genes, and 7324 genes were detected in susceptible materials, with 4119 downregulated genes and 3205 upregulated genes. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways enriched for the DEGs included biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, carbon metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction. In particular, phenylpropane biosynthesis pathway is specifically activated in resistant variety H83 after infection. Many DEGs also belonged to the MYB, AP2, NAC, and WRKY transcription factor families. CONCLUSIONS Thus, we suggest that the normal functioning of plant signaling pathways and differences in the expression of key genes and transcription factors in some important metabolic pathways may be important for defending wheat against sheath blight. These findings may facilitate further exploration of the sheath blight resistance mechanism in wheat and the cloning of related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxia Geng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shufa Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qunhui Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinhong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Yadav M, Pandey J, Chakraborty A, Hassan MI, Kundu JK, Roy A, Singh IK, Singh A. A Comprehensive Analysis of Calmodulin-Like Proteins of Glycine max Indicates Their Role in Calcium Signaling and Plant Defense Against Insect Attack. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:817950. [PMID: 35371141 PMCID: PMC8965522 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.817950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The calcium (Ca2+) signaling is a crucial event during plant-herbivore interaction, which involves a transient change in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, which is sensed by Ca2+-sensors, and the received message is transduced to downstream target proteins leading to appropriate defense response. Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are calcium-sensing plant-specific proteins. Although CMLs have been identified in a few plants, they remained uncharacterized in leguminous crop plants. Therefore, a wide-range analysis of CMLs of soybean was performed, which identified 41 true CMLs with greater than 50% similarity with Arabidopsis CMLs. The phylogenetic study revealed their evolutionary relatedness with known CMLs. Further, the identification of conserved motifs, gene structure analysis, and identification of cis-acting elements strongly supported their identity as members of this family and their involvement in stress responses. Only a few Glycine max CMLs (GmCMLs) exhibited differential expression in different tissue types, and rest of them had minimal expression. Additionally, differential expression patterns of GmCMLs were observed during Spodoptera litura-feeding, wounding, and signaling compound treatments, indicating their role in plant defense. The three-dimensional structure prediction, identification of interactive domains, and docking with Ca2+ ions of S. litura-inducible GmCMLs, indicated their identity as calcium sensors. This study on the characterization of GmCMLs provided insights into their roles in calcium signaling and plant defense during herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Yadav
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyotsna Pandey
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- EVA4.0 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Jiban Kumar Kundu
- Plant Virus and Vector Interactions Group, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czechia
| | - Amit Roy
- EVA4.0 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Amit Roy,
| | - Indrakant Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- DBC-i4 Center, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Indrakant Kumar Singh,
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Archana Singh,
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Sun Q, Huang R, Zhu H, Sun Y, Guo Z. A novel Medicago truncatula calmodulin-like protein (MtCML42) regulates cold tolerance and flowering time. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1069-1082. [PMID: 34528312 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are one of the Ca2+ sensors in plants, but the functions of most CMLs remain unknown. The regulation of cold tolerance and flowering time by MtCML42 in Medicago truncatula and the underlying mechanisms were investigated using MtCML42-overexpressing plants and cml42 Medicago mutants with a Tnt1 retrotransposon insertion. Compared with the wild type (WT), MtCML42-overexpressing lines had increased cold tolerance, whereas cml42 mutants showed decreased cold tolerance. The impaired cold tolerance in cml42 could b complemented by MtCML42 expression. The transcript levels of MtCBF1, MtCBF4, MtCOR413, MtCAS15, MtLTI6A, MtGolS1 and MtGolS2 and the concentrations of raffinose and sucrose were increased in response to cold treatment, whereas higher levels were observed in MtCML42-overexpressing lines and lower levels were observed in cml42 mutants. In addition, early flowering with upregulated MtFTa1 and downregulated MtABI5 transcripts was observed in MtCML42-overexpressing lines, whereas delayed flowering with downregulated MtFTa1 and upregulated MtABI5 was observed in cml42. MtABI5 expression could complement the flowering phenotype in the Arabidopsis mutant abi5. Our results suggest that MtCML42 positively regulates MtCBF1 and MtCBF4 expression, which in turn upregulates the expression of some COR genes, MtGolS1 and MtGolS2, which leads to raffinose accumulation and increased cold tolerance. MtCML42 regulates flowering time through sequentially downregulating MtABI5 and upregulating MtFTa1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiguo Sun
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Risheng Huang
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanmei Sun
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenfei Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Ying S. Genome-Wide Identification and Transcriptional Analysis of Arabidopsis DUF506 Gene Family. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11442. [PMID: 34768874 PMCID: PMC8583954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Domain of unknown function 506 (DUF506) family, which belongs to the PD-(D/E)XK nuclease superfamily, has not been functionally characterized. In this study, 266 DUF506 domain-containing genes were identified from algae, mosses, and land plants showing their wide occurrence in photosynthetic organisms. Bioinformatics analysis identified 211 high-confidence DUF506 genes across 17 representative land plant species. Phylogenetic modeling classified three groups of plant DUF506 genes that suggested functional preservation among the groups based on conserved gene structure and motifs. Gene duplication and Ka/Ks evolutionary rates revealed that DUF506 genes are under purifying positive selection pressure. Subcellular protein localization analysis revealed that DUF506 proteins were present in different organelles. Transcript analyses showed that 13 of the Arabidopsis DUF506 genes are ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and respond to different abiotic stresses and ABA treatment. Protein-protein interaction network analysis using the STRING-DB, AtPIN (Arabidopsis thaliana Protein Interaction Network), and AI-1 (Arabidopsis Interactome-1) tools indicated that AtDUF506s potentially interact with iron-deficiency response proteins, salt-inducible transcription factors, or calcium sensors (calmodulins), implying that DUF506 genes have distinct biological functions including responses to environmental stimuli, nutrient-deficiencies, and participate in Ca(2+) signaling. Current results provide insightful information regarding the molecular features of the DUF506 family in plants, to support further functional characterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ying
- Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
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Jia Y, Li Q, Li Y, Zhai W, Jiang G, Li C. Inducible Enrichment of Osa-miR1432 Confers Rice Bacterial Blight Resistance through Suppressing OsCaML2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111367. [PMID: 34768797 PMCID: PMC8583624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) handle immune response to pathogens by adjusting the function of target genes in plants. However, the experimentally documented miRNA/target modules implicated in the interplay between rice and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) are still in the early stages. Herein, the expression of osa-miR1432 was induced in resistant genotype IRBB5, but not susceptible genotype IR24, under Xoo strain PXO86 attack. Overexpressed osa-miR1432 heightened rice disease resistance to Xoo, indicated by enhancive enrichment of defense marker genes, raised reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, repressed bacterial growth and shortened leaf lesion length, whilst the disruptive accumulation of osa-miR1432 accelerated rice susceptibility to Xoo infection. Noticeably, OsCaML2 (LOC_Os03g59770) was experimentally confirmed as a target gene of osa-miR1432, and the overexpressing OsCaML2 transgenic plants exhibited compromised resistance to Xoo infestation. Our results indicate that osa-miR1432 and OsCaML2 were differently responsive to Xoo invasion at the transcriptional level and fine-tune rice resistance to Xoo infection, which may be referable in resistance gene discovery and valuable in the pursuit of improving Xoo resistance in rice breeding.
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The Same against Many: AtCML8, a Ca 2+ Sensor Acting as a Positive Regulator of Defense Responses against Several Plant Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910469. [PMID: 34638807 PMCID: PMC8508799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signals are crucial for the activation and coordination of signaling cascades leading to the establishment of plant defense mechanisms. Here, we studied the contribution of CML8, an Arabidopsis calmodulin-like protein in response to Ralstonia solanacearum and to pathogens with different lifestyles, such as Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and Phytophtora capsici. We used pathogenic infection assays, gene expression, RNA-seq approaches, and comparative analysis of public data on CML8 knockdown and overexpressing Arabidopsis lines to demonstrate that CML8 contributes to defense mechanisms against pathogenic bacteria and oomycetes. CML8 gene expression is finely regulated at the root level and manipulated during infection with Ralstonia, and CML8 overexpression confers better plant tolerance. To understand the processes controlled by CML8, genes differentially expressed at the root level in the first hours of infection have been identified. Overexpression of CML8 also confers better tolerance against Xanthomonas and Phytophtora, and most of the genes differentially expressed in response to Ralstonia are differentially expressed in these different pathosystems. Collectively, CML8 acts as a positive regulator against Ralstonia solanaceraum and against other vascular or root pathogens, suggesting that CML8 is a multifunctional protein that regulates common downstream processes involved in the defense response of plants to several pathogens.
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Sun X, Wang Y, Pan B, Xu W, Zhang S. Transcriptome Analysis of Pear Leaves in Response to Calcium Treatment During Botryosphaeria dothidea Infection. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1638-1647. [PMID: 33471562 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-20-0458-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri), one of the most widely planted fruit trees in the world, is infected by pear ring rot disease, which is triggered by Botryosphaeria dothidea. Previous research has shown that exogenous calcium enhanced pear resistance to B. dothidea. To explore the molecular mechanism of calcium in pear pathogen resistance, we searched the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between calcium and H2O treatment with B. dothidea inoculation in pear by using RNA-seq data. On the basis of the standard of a proportion of calcium/H2O fold change >2, and the false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05, 2,812 and 572 genes with significant differential expression were identified between the H2O and calcium treatments under B. dothidea inoculation at 2 days postinoculation (dpi) (D2) and 8 dpi (D8), respectively, indicating that significantly more genes in D2 responded to calcium treatment. Results of the gene annotation showed that DEGs were focused on plant-pathogen interactions, hormone signal transduction, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in D2. Moreover, transient silencing of PbrCML30 (pear calmodulin-like proteins 30), which had significantly higher expression in response to calcium than H2O treatments, conferred compromised resistance to B. dothidea. Exogenous calcium treatment slightly alleviated the symptoms of TRV2-PbrCML30 leaves compared with TRV2 leaves under inoculation, supporting its key role in pear resistance to B. dothidea. Overall, the information obtained in this study provides a possible mechanism of calcium in regulating pear resistance to B. dothidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bisheng Pan
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenyu Xu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Iqbal Z, Iqbal MS, Hashem A, Abd_Allah EF, Ansari MI. Plant Defense Responses to Biotic Stress and Its Interplay With Fluctuating Dark/Light Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:631810. [PMID: 33763093 PMCID: PMC7982811 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.631810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants are subjected to a plethora of environmental cues that cause extreme losses to crop productivity. Due to fluctuating environmental conditions, plants encounter difficulties in attaining full genetic potential for growth and reproduction. One such environmental condition is the recurrent attack on plants by herbivores and microbial pathogens. To surmount such attacks, plants have developed a complex array of defense mechanisms. The defense mechanism can be either preformed, where toxic secondary metabolites are stored; or can be inducible, where defense is activated upon detection of an attack. Plants sense biotic stress conditions, activate the regulatory or transcriptional machinery, and eventually generate an appropriate response. Plant defense against pathogen attack is well understood, but the interplay and impact of different signals to generate defense responses against biotic stress still remain elusive. The impact of light and dark signals on biotic stress response is one such area to comprehend. Light and dark alterations not only regulate defense mechanisms impacting plant development and biochemistry but also bestow resistance against invading pathogens. The interaction between plant defense and dark/light environment activates a signaling cascade. This signaling cascade acts as a connecting link between perception of biotic stress, dark/light environment, and generation of an appropriate physiological or biochemical response. The present review highlights molecular responses arising from dark/light fluctuations vis-à-vis elicitation of defense mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Iqbal
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Bai H, Si H, Zang J, Pang X, Yu L, Cao H, Xing J, Zhang K, Dong J. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of the Defense Response to Gibberella Stalk Rot in Maize and Reveals That ZmWRKY83 Is Involved in Plant Disease Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:694973. [PMID: 34489999 PMCID: PMC8417113 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.694973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of Gibberella stalk rot in maize stem, resulting in maize lodging, yield, quality, and mechanical harvesting capacity. To date, little is known about the maize stem defense mechanism in response to the invasion of F. graminearum. This study represents a global proteomic approach to document the infection by F. graminearum. A total of 1,894 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in maize stem with F. graminearum inoculation. Functional categorization analysis indicated that proteins involved in plant-pathogen interaction were inducible at the early stages of infection. We also found that the expression of proteins involved in phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, and terpenoid biosynthesis were upregulated in response to F. graminearum infection, which may reflect that these secondary metabolism pathways were important in the protection against the fungal attack in maize stem. In continuously upregulated proteins after F. graminearum infection, we identified a WRKY transcription factor, ZmWRKY83, which could improve the resistance to plant pathogens. Together, the results show that the defense response of corn stalks against F. graminearum infection was multifaceted, involving the induction of proteins from various immune-related pathways, which had a directive significance for molecular genetic breeding of maize disease-resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Bai
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Helong Si
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jinping Zang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xi Pang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lu Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Hongzhe Cao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jihong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Jihong Xing,
| | - Kang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Kang Zhang,
| | - Jingao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Jingao Dong,
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Noman M, Aysha J, Ketehouli T, Yang J, Du L, Wang F, Li H. Calmodulin binding transcription activators: An interplay between calcium signalling and plant stress tolerance. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 256:153327. [PMID: 33302232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants, next to the secondary messengers lies an array of signal relaying molecules among which Calmodulins convey the unequivocal alarms of calcium influxes to Calmodulin-Binding Transcription Activators (CAMTA). Upon reception, CAMTA transcription factors decode the calcium signatures by transcribing the genes corresponding to the specific stimulus, thus have direct/indirect engagement in the complex signalling crosstalk. CAMTA transcription factors make an important contribution to the genome of all eukaryotes, including plants, from Brassica napus (18) to Carica papaya (2), the number of CAMTA genes varies across the plant species, however they exhibit a similar evolutionarily conserved domain organization including a DNA-Binding Domain (CG-1), a Transcription Factor Immunoglobulin Binding Domain (TIG), a Calmodulin-Binding Domain (CaMBD/IQ) and several Ankyrin repeats. The regulatory region of CAMTA genes possess multiple stress-responsive cis motifs including ABRE, SARE, G-box, W-box, AuXRE, DRE and others. CAMTA TFs in Arabidopsis have been studied extensively, however in other plants (with a few exceptions), the evidence merely bases upon expression analyses. CAMTAs are reported to orchestrate biotic as well as abiotic stresses including those occurring due to water and temperature fluctuations as well as heavy metals, light and salinity. Through CG-1 domain, CAMTA TFs bind the CG-box in the promoter of their target genes and modulate their expression under adverse conditions. Here we present a glimpse of how calcium signatures are coded and decoded and translated into necessary responses. In addition, we have emphasized on exploitation of the multiple-stress responsive nature of CAMTAs in engineering plants with desired traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Noman
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Centre of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China.
| | - Jameel Aysha
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Centre of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Toi Ketehouli
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Centre of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Centre of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Linna Du
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Centre of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Fawei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Centre of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Haiyan Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China.
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Zhang Q, Hou C, Tian Y, Tang M, Feng C, Ren Z, Song J, Wang X, Li T, Li M, Tian W, Qiu J, Liu L, Li L. Interaction Between AtCML9 and AtMLO10 Regulates Pollen Tube Development and Seed Setting. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1119. [PMID: 32793269 PMCID: PMC7394235 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In higher-plant reproduction, the compatibility of pollen tube germination in the pistil is essential for successful double fertilization. It has been reported that Mildew Locus O (MLO) family gene NTA (MLO7), expressing in synergid cells, can correctly guide pollen tubes. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the interacting partners to MLOs in the fertilization is still unknown. In our study, we identified the direct protein interaction between CML9 and MLO10 within a non-canonical CaMBD. In GUS reporter assays, CML9 expresses in a high level in pollens, whereas MLO10 can be specifically detected in stigma which reaches up to a peaking level before fertilization. Therefore, the spatio-temporal expression patterns of MLO10 and CML9 are required for the time-window of pollination. When we observed the pollen germination in vitro, two cml9 mutant alleles dramatically reduced germination rate by 15% compared to wild-type. Consistently, the elongation rate of pollen tubes in planta was obviously slow while manually pollinating cml9-1 pollens to mlo10-1 stigmas. Additionally, cml9-1 mlo10-1 double mutant alleles had relatively lower rate of seed setting. Taken together, protein interaction between MLO10 and CML9 is supposed to affect pollen tube elongation and further affect seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yudan Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Mitianguo Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Changxin Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Song
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Tiange Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Mengou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Legong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
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CaCML13 Acts Positively in Pepper Immunity Against Ralstonia solanacearum Infection Forming Feedback Loop with CabZIP63. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114186. [PMID: 32545368 PMCID: PMC7312559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-signaling—which requires the presence of calcium sensors such as calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins—is crucial for the regulation of plant immunity against pathogen attack. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, especially the roles of CMLs involved in plant immunity remains largely uninvestigated. In the present study, CaCML13, a calmodulin-like protein of pepper that was originally found to be upregulated by Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation (RSI) in RNA-seq, was functionally characterized in immunity against RSI. CaCML13 was found to target the whole epidermal cell including plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. We also confirmed that CaCML13 was upregulated by RSI in pepper roots by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The silencing of CaCML13 significantly enhanced pepper plants’ susceptibility to RSI accompanied with downregulation of immunity-related CaPR1, CaNPR1, CaDEF1 and CabZIP63. In contrast, CaCML13 transient overexpression induced clear hypersensitivity-reaction (HR)-mimicked cell death and upregulation of the tested immunity-related genes. In addition, we also revealed that the G-box-containing CaCML13 promoter was bound by CabZIP63 and CaCML13 was positively regulated by CabZIP63 at transcriptional level. Our data collectively indicate that CaCML13 act as a positive regulator in pepper immunity against RSI forming a positive feedback loop with CabZIP63.
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Noman A, Aqeel M, Qari SH, Al Surhanee AA, Yasin G, Alamri S, Hashem M, M Al-Saadi A. Plant hypersensitive response vs pathogen ingression: Death of few gives life to others. Microb Pathog 2020; 145:104224. [PMID: 32360524 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The hypersensitive response (HR) is a defense action against pathogen ingression. Typically, HR is predictable with the appearance of the dead, brown cells along with visible lesions. Although death during HR can be limited to the cells in direct contact with pathogens, yet cell death can also spread away from the infection site. The variety in morphologies of plant cell death proposes involvement of different pathways for triggering HR. It is considered that, despite the differences, HR in plants performs the resembling functions like that of animal programmed cell death (PCD) for confining pathogen progression. HR, in fact, crucially initiates systemic signals for activation of defense in distal plant parts that ultimately results in systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Therefore, HR can be separated from other local immune actions/responses at the infection site. HR comprises of serial events inclusive of transcriptional reprograming, Ca2+ influx, oxidative bursts and phyto-hormonal signaling. Although a lot of work has been done on HR in plants but many questions regarding mechanisms and consequences of HRs remain unaddressed.We have summarized the mechanistic roles and cellular events of plant cells during HR in defense regulation. Roles of different genes during HR have been discussed to clarify genetic control of HR in plants. Generally existing ambiguities about HR and programmed cell death at the reader level has been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Sameer Hasan Qari
- Biology Department, Al-jumum University College, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameena A Al Surhanee
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahau ud din Zakria University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Saad Alamri
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research center for advance materials science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, PO Box 9004 Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Assuit University, Botany and Microbiology department, Assuit. 71516, Egypt
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Kamal H, Minhas FUAA, Tripathi D, Abbasi WA, Hamza M, Mustafa R, Khan MZ, Mansoor S, Pappu HR, Amin I. βC1, pathogenicity determinant encoded by Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite, interacts with calmodulin-like protein 11 (Gh-CML11) in Gossypium hirsutum. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225876. [PMID: 31794580 PMCID: PMC6890265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Begomoviruses interfere with host plant machinery to evade host defense mechanism by interacting with plant proteins. In the old world, this group of viruses are usually associated with betasatellite that induces severe disease symptoms by encoding a protein, βC1, which is a pathogenicity determinant. Here, we show that βC1 encoded by Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB) requires Gossypium hirsutum calmodulin-like protein 11 (Gh-CML11) to infect cotton. First, we used the in silico approach to predict the interaction of CLCuMB-βC1 with Gh-CML11. A number of sequence- and structure-based in-silico interaction prediction techniques suggested a strong putative binding of CLCuMB-βC1 with Gh-CML11 in a Ca+2-dependent manner. In-silico interaction prediction was then confirmed by three different experimental approaches: The Gh-CML11 interaction was confirmed using CLCuMB-βC1 in a yeast two hybrid system and pull down assay. These results were further validated using bimolecular fluorescence complementation system showing the interaction in cytoplasmic veins of Nicotiana benthamiana. Bioinformatics and molecular studies suggested that CLCuMB-βC1 induces the overexpression of Gh-CML11 protein and ultimately provides calcium as a nutrient source for virus movement and transmission. This is the first comprehensive study on the interaction between CLCuMB-βC1 and Gh-CML11 proteins which provided insights into our understating of the role of βC1 in cotton leaf curl disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Kamal
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Diwaker Tripathi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Wajid Arshad Abbasi
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Roma Mustafa
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zuhaib Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hanu R. Pappu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Imran Amin
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Perez M, Guerringue Y, Ranty B, Pouzet C, Jauneau A, Robe E, Mazars C, Galaud JP, Aldon D. Specific TCP transcription factors interact with and stabilize PRR2 within different nuclear sub-domains. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 287:110197. [PMID: 31481190 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess a large set of transcription factors both involved in the control of plant development or in plant stress responses coordination. We previously identified PRR2, a Pseudo-Response Regulator, as a plant-specific CML-interacting partner. We reported that PRR2 acts as a positive actor of plant defense by regulating the production of antimicrobial compounds. Here, we report new data on the interaction between PRR2 and transcription factors belonging to the Teosinte branched Cycloidea and PCF (TCP) family. TCPs have been described to be involved in plant development and immunity. We evaluated the ability of PRR2 to interact with seven TCPs representative of the different subclades of the family. PRR2 is able to interact with TCP13, TCP15, TCP19 and TCP20 in yeast two-hybrid system and in planta interactions were validated for TCP19 and TCP20. Transient expression in tobacco highlighted that PRR2 protein is more easily detected when co-expressed with TCP19 or TC20. This stabilization is associated with a specific sub-nuclear localization of the complex in Cajal bodies or in nuclear speckles according to the interaction of PRR2 with TCP19 or TCP20 respectively. The interaction between PRR2 and TCP19 or TCP20 would contribute to the biological function in specific nuclear compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Perez
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, UPS, Pavillon Baudot, CHU Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse, France.
| | - Y Guerringue
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
| | - B Ranty
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - C Pouzet
- Fédération de Recherche FR3450 (Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité), Plateforme Imagerie-Microscopie, CNRS, Université Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - A Jauneau
- Fédération de Recherche FR3450 (Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité), Plateforme Imagerie-Microscopie, CNRS, Université Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - E Robe
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - C Mazars
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - J P Galaud
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - D Aldon
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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Li C, Meng D, Zhang J, Cheng L. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of calmodulin and calmodulin-like genes in apple (Malus × domestica). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:600-612. [PMID: 31030028 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Changes in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) levels in response to developmental processes or external stimuli serve as signals in eukaryotic cells. These Ca2+ signals are likely perceived through sensor proteins that bind Ca2+ by EF-hand (a helix-loop-helix structure) motif. Calmodulins (CaMs), a group of well-characterized Ca2+ sensors, and calmodulin-like (CMLs) are implicated in a large number of diverse cellular processes, including plant development and stress responses. In this study, apple (Malus × domestica) genes encoding CaM and CML proteins that only possess EF-hand motifs with no other functional domains were analyzed. A total of 4 MdCaM and 58 MdCML genes were identified, which are spread among 16 out of the 17 apple chromosomes. Bioinformatics analyses, including protein characteristics, conserved domain, evolutionary relationships and chromosomal locations, demonstrated the conservation and divergence of MdCaMs/CMLs. In addition, expression analysis showed that MdCaMs/CMLs are expressed in more than one tissue, including shoot tips, roots, mature leaves, flowers and fruit. Furthermore, the expression of some MdCaM/CML members responded to plant hormones (abscisic acid, jasmonic acid) and salt stress, suggesting a potential role of these genes in responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Overexpression of stress-induced MdCML3 gene significantly improved the tolerance of apple calli to salinity and ABA. The identification and characterization of MdCaMs/CMLs in apple lays a foundation for future functional studies of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlong Li
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 134A Plant Science, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Dong Meng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 134A Plant Science, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lailiang Cheng
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 134A Plant Science, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Marcec MJ, Gilroy S, Poovaiah BW, Tanaka K. Mutual interplay of Ca 2+ and ROS signaling in plant immune response. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:343-354. [PMID: 31128705 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Second messengers are cellular chemicals that act as "language codes", allowing cells to pass outside information to the cell interior. The cells then respond through triggering downstream reactions, including transcriptional reprograming to affect appropriate adaptive responses. The spatiotemporal patterning of these stimuli-induced signal changes has been referred to as a "signature", which is detected, decoded, and transmitted to elicit these downstream cellular responses. Recent studies have suggested that dynamic changes in second messengers, such as calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO), serve as signatures for both intracellular signaling and cell-to-cell communications. These second messenger signatures work in concert with physical signal signatures (such as electrical and hydraulic waves) to create a "lock and key" mechanism that triggers appropriate response to highly varied stresses. In plants, detailed information of how these signatures deploy their downstream signaling networks remains to be elucidated. Recent evidence suggests a mutual interplay between Ca2+ and ROS signaling has important implications for fine-tuning cellular signaling networks in plant immunity. These two signaling mechanisms amplify each other and this interaction may be a critical element of their roles in information processing for plant defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Marcec
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA; Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Simon Gilroy
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - B W Poovaiah
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA; Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Kiwamu Tanaka
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA; Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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42
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Yan L, Fan G, Li X. Genome-wide analysis of three histone marks and gene expression in Paulownia fortunei with phytoplasma infection. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:234. [PMID: 30898112 PMCID: PMC6429711 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paulownia withes'-broom (PaWB) disease caused by phytoplasma is a serious infectious disease for Paulownia. However, the underlying molecular pathogenesis is not fully understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that histone modifications could play a role in plant defense responses to pathogens. But there is still no available genome-wide histone modification data in non-model ligneous species infected with phytoplasma. RESULTS Here, we provided the first genome-wide profiles of three histone marks (H3K4me3, H3K36me3 and H3K9ac) in Paulownia fortunei under phytoplasma stress by using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq). We found that H3K4me3, H3K36me3 and H3K9ac were mainly enriched in the genic regions in P. fortunei with (PFI) and without (PF) phytoplasma infection. ChIP-Seq analysis revealed 1738, 986, and 2577 genes were differentially modified by H3K4me3, H3K36me3 and H3K9ac marks in PFI under phytoplasma infection, respectively. The functional analysis of these genes suggested that most of them were mainly involved in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction and plant hormone signal transduction. In addition, the combinational analysis of ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq showed that differential histone methylation and acetylation only affected a small subset of phytoplasma-responsive genes. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this is the first report of integrated analysis of histone modifications and gene expression involved in Paulownia-phytoplasma interaction. Our results will provide the valuable resources for the mechanism studies of gene regulation in non-model plants upon pathogens attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yan
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002 People’s Republic of China
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Fan
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002 People’s Republic of China
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002 People’s Republic of China
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002 People’s Republic of China
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Hake K, Romeis T. Protein kinase-mediated signalling in priming: Immune signal initiation, propagation, and establishment of long-term pathogen resistance in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:904-917. [PMID: 30151921 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
"Priming" in plant phytopathology describes a phenomenon where the "experience" of primary infection by microbial pathogens leads to enhanced and beneficial protection of the plant against secondary infection. The plant is able to establish an immune memory, a state of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), in which the information of "having been attacked" is integrated with the action of "being prepared to defend when it happens again." Accordingly, primed plants are often characterized by faster and stronger activation of immune reactions that ultimately result in a reduction of pathogen spread and growth. Prerequisites for SAR are (a) the initiation of immune signalling subsequent to pathogen recognition, (b) a rapid defence signal propagation from a primary infected local site to uninfected distal parts of the plant, and (c) a switch into an immune signal-dependent establishment and subsequent long-lasting maintenance of phytohormone salicylic acid-based systemic immunity. Here, we provide a summary on protein kinases that contribute to these three conceptual aspects of "priming" in plant phytopathology, complemented by data addressing the role of protein kinases crucial for immune signal initiation also for signal propagation and SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hake
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tina Romeis
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ku YS, Sintaha M, Cheung MY, Lam HM. Plant Hormone Signaling Crosstalks between Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103206. [PMID: 30336563 PMCID: PMC6214094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the natural environment, plants are often bombarded by a combination of abiotic (such as drought, salt, heat or cold) and biotic (necrotrophic and biotrophic pathogens) stresses simultaneously. It is critical to understand how the various response pathways to these stresses interact with one another within the plants, and where the points of crosstalk occur which switch the responses from one pathway to another. Calcium sensors are often regarded as the first line of response to external stimuli to trigger downstream signaling. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a major phytohormone regulating stress responses, and it interacts with the jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways to channel resources into mitigating the effects of abiotic stresses versus defending against pathogens. The signal transduction in these pathways are often carried out via GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) which comprise of a large group of proteins that are varied in structures and functions. Deciphering the combined actions of these different signaling pathways in plants would greatly enhance the ability of breeders to develop food crops that can thrive in deteriorating environmental conditions under climate change, and that can maintain or even increase crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Shan Ku
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Mariz Sintaha
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ming-Yan Cheung
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Yu Y, Shi J, Li X, Liu J, Geng Q, Shi H, Ke Y, Sun Q. Transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms of the defense response to gray leaf spot disease in maize. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:742. [PMID: 30305015 PMCID: PMC6180411 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gray leaf spot (GLS), which is caused by the necrotrophic fungi Cercospora zeae-maydis and Cercospora zeina, is one of the most impactful diseases in maize worldwide. The aim of the present study is to identify the resistance genes and understand the molecular mechanisms for GLS resistance. RESULTS Two cultivars, 'Yayu889' and 'Zhenghong532,' which are distinguished as resistant and susceptible cultivars, respectively, were challenged with the GLS disease and a RNA-seq experiment was conducted on infected plants at 81, 89, 91, and 93 days post planting (dap). Compared with the beginning stage at 81 dap, 4666, 1733, and 1166 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at 89, 91, and 93 dap, respectively, in 'Yayu889,' while relatively fewer, i.e., 4713, 881, and 722 DEGs, were identified in 'Zhenghong532.' Multiple pathways involved in the response of maize to GLS, including 'response to salicylic acid,' 'protein phosphorylation,' 'oxidation-reduction process,' and 'carotenoid biosynthetic process,' were enriched by combining differential expression analysis and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). The expression of 12 candidate resistance proteins in these pathways were quantified by the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method. This approach identified two candidate resistance proteins, a calmodulin-like protein and a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase with SNPs that were located in QTL regions for GLS resistance. Metabolic analysis showed that, compared with 'Zhenghong532,' the amount of salicylic acid (SA) and total carotenoids in 'Yayu889' increased, while peroxidase activity decreased during the early infection stages, suggesting that increased levels of SA, carotenoids, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) may enhance the defense response of 'Yayu889' to GLS. CONCLUSION By combining transcriptome and proteome analyses with comparisons of resistance QTL regions, calmodulin-like protein and leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase were identified as candidate GLS resistance proteins. Moreover, we found that the metabolic pathways for ROS, SA, and carotenoids are especially active in the resistant cultivar. These findings could lead to a better understanding of the GLS resistance mechanisms and facilitate the breeding of GLS-resistant maize cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Geng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haichun Shi
- Agronomy College, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongpei Ke
- Agronomy College, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Vandelle E, Vannozzi A, Wong D, Danzi D, Digby AM, Dal Santo S, Astegno A. Identification, characterization, and expression analysis of calmodulin and calmodulin-like genes in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) reveal likely roles in stress responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 129:221-237. [PMID: 29908490 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is an ubiquitous key second messenger in plants, where it modulates many developmental and adaptive processes in response to various stimuli. Several proteins containing Ca2+ binding domain have been identified in plants, including calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins, which play critical roles in translating Ca2+ signals into proper cellular responses. In this work, a genome-wide analysis conducted in Vitis vinifera identified three CaM- and 62 CML-encoding genes. We assigned gene family nomenclature, analyzed gene structure, chromosomal location and gene duplication, as well as protein motif organization. The phylogenetic clustering revealed a total of eight subgroups, including one unique clade of VviCaMs distinct from VviCMLs. VviCaMs were found to contain four EF-hand motifs whereas VviCML proteins have one to five. Most of grapevine CML genes were intronless, while VviCaMs were intron rich. All the genes were well spread among the 19 grapevine chromosomes and displayed a high level of duplication. The expression profiling of VviCaM/VviCML genes revealed a broad expression pattern across all grape organs and tissues at various developmental stages, and a significant modulation in biotic stress-related responses. Our results highlight the complexity of CaM/CML protein family also in grapevine, supporting the versatile role of its different members in modulating cellular responses to various stimuli, in particular to biotic stresses. This work lays the foundation for further functional and structural studies on specific grapevine CaMs/CMLs in order to better understand the role of Ca2+-binding proteins in grapevine and to explore their potential for further biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Vandelle
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Vannozzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Darren Wong
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Davide Danzi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Anne-Marie Digby
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Silvia Dal Santo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Astegno
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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Yang J, Wu C, Yu Y, Mao H, Bao Y, Kang Y, Qi Z. A mongolian pine specific endoplasmic reticulum localized CALMODULIN-LIKE calcium binding protein enhances arabidopsis growth. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 226:1-11. [PMID: 29689429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stress-adapted wild plants are natural sources of novel genes for molecular breeding. Here, we conducted a transcriptional analysis of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv, an evergreen pine in northeastern China, to identify a novel CALMODULIN-LIKE protein-encoding gene, PsCML1, no significant homologs found in other plant species. PsCML1 encodes a protein predicted to have a single trans-membrane domain at its N-terminal. Four EF-hand motifs (calcium [Ca]-binding structures) are located at its C-terminal and showed Ca2+-specific affinity in isothermal titration calorimetric analysis. Transient expression of PsCML1 in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that the PsCML1 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Heterologous expression of PsCML1 in Arabidopsis significantly promoted seedling growth, and increased resistance to stress from NaCl and Ca2+ deficiency. The roots of the transgenic seedlings had higher contents of cellulose and pectin, but less hemicellulose than those of the wild type (WT). The biosynthesis of cell wall components is linked with protein glycosylation in the ER and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. No significant difference was found in the extent of protein glycosylation between the transgenic and WT plants. However, the transgenic roots had higher steady-state levels of ROS, NADPH oxidase activity, and endo-membrane dynamics than those of the WT. A working model was proposed to delineate the interaction among Ca2+, ROS homeostasis, and cell wall loosening-dependent cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China; Inner Mongolia HeSheng Institute of Ecological Sciences & Technology, Hohhot, 011517, PR China
| | - Caili Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China
| | - Yahui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China
| | - Huiping Mao
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China
| | - Yuying Bao
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China.
| | - Yan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China.
| | - Zhi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China.
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48
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Heyer M, Scholz SS, Voigt D, Reichelt M, Aldon D, Oelmüller R, Boland W, Mithöfer A. Herbivory-responsive calmodulin-like protein CML9 does not guide jasmonate-mediated defenses in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197633. [PMID: 29768484 PMCID: PMC5955546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is an important second messenger in plants that is released into the cytosol early after recognition of various environmental stimuli. Decoding of such calcium signals by calcium sensors is the key for the plant to react appropriately to each stimulus. Several members of Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) act as calcium sensors and some are known to mediate both abiotic and biotic stress responses. Here, we study the role of the Arabidopsis thaliana CML9 in different stress responses. CML9 was reported earlier as defense regulator against Pseudomonas syringae. In contrast to salicylic acid-mediated defense against biotrophic pathogens such as P. syringae, defenses against herbivores and necrotrophic fungi are mediated by jasmonates. We demonstrate that CML9 is induced upon wounding and feeding of the insect herbivore Spodoptera littoralis. However, neither different CML9 loss-of-function mutant lines nor overexpression lines were impaired upon insect feeding. No difference in herbivore-induced phytohormone elevation was detected in cml9 lines. The defense against the spider mite Tetranychus urticae was also unaffected. In addition, cml9 mutant lines showed a wild type-like reaction to the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola. Thus, our data suggest that CML9 might be a regulator involved only in the defense against biotrophic pathogens, independent of jasmonates. In addition, our data challenge the involvement of CML9 in plant drought stress response. Taken together, we suggest that CML9 is a specialized rather than a general regulator of stress responses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Heyer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra S Scholz
- Department for Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Dagmar Voigt
- Institute for Botany, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Didier Aldon
- UMR 5546 CNRS-Université Toulouse III, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department for Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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49
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La Verde V, Dominici P, Astegno A. Towards Understanding Plant Calcium Signaling through Calmodulin-Like Proteins: A Biochemical and Structural Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1331. [PMID: 29710867 PMCID: PMC5983762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ ions play a key role in a wide variety of environmental responses and developmental processes in plants, and several protein families with Ca2+-binding domains have evolved to meet these needs, including calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs). These proteins have no catalytic activity, but rather act as sensor relays that regulate downstream targets. While CaM is well-studied, CMLs remain poorly characterized at both the structural and functional levels, even if they are the largest class of Ca2+ sensors in plants. The major structural theme in CMLs consists of EF-hands, and variations in these domains are predicted to significantly contribute to the functional versatility of CMLs. Herein, we focus on recent advances in understanding the features of CMLs from biochemical and structural points of view. The analysis of the metal binding and structural properties of CMLs can provide valuable insight into how such a vast array of CML proteins can coexist, with no apparent functional redundancy, and how these proteins contribute to cellular signaling while maintaining properties that are distinct from CaM and other Ca2+ sensors. An overview of the principal techniques used to study the biochemical properties of these interesting Ca2+ sensors is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina La Verde
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Paola Dominici
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Astegno
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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50
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Midhat U, Ting MKY, Teresinski HJ, Snedden WA. The calmodulin-like protein, CML39, is involved in regulating seed development, germination, and fruit development in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:375-392. [PMID: 29372457 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0703-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We show that the calcium sensor, CML39, is important in various developmental processes from seeds to mature plants. This study bridges previous work on CML39 as a stress-induced gene and highlights the importance of calcium signalling in plant development. In addition to the evolutionarily-conserved Ca2+ sensor, calmodulin (CaM), plants possess a large family of CaM-related proteins (CMLs). Using a cml39 loss-of-function mutant, we investigated the roles of CML39 in Arabidopsis and discovered a range of phenotypes across developmental stages and in different tissues. In mature plants, loss of CML39 results in shorter siliques, reduced seed number per silique, and reduced number of ovules per pistil. We also observed changes in seed development, germination, and seed coat properties in cml39 mutants in comparison to wild-type plants. Using radicle emergence as a measure of germination, cml39 mutants showed more rapid germination than wild-type plants. In marked contrast to wild-type seeds, the germination of developing, immature cml39 seeds was not sensitive to cold-stratification. In addition, germination of cml39 seeds was less sensitive than wild-type to inhibition by ABA or by treatments that impaired gibberellic acid biosynthesis. Tetrazolium red staining indicated that the seed-coat permeability of cml39 seeds is greater than that of wild-type seeds. RNA sequencing analysis of cml39 seedlings suggests that changes in chromatin modification may underlie some of the phenotypes associated with cml39 mutants, consistent with previous reports that orthologs of CML39 participate in gene silencing. Aberrant ectopic expression of transcripts for seed storage proteins in 7-day old cml39 seedlings was observed, suggesting mis-regulation of early developmental programs. Collectively, our data support a model where CML39 serves as an important Ca2+ sensor during ovule and seed development, as well as during germination and seedling establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaid Midhat
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Michael K Y Ting
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada
| | | | - Wayne A Snedden
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada.
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