1
|
Wells JR, Hillier A, Holland R, Mwacalimba K, Noli C, Panter C, Tatlock S, Wright A. Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess owner and canine quality-of-life and treatment satisfaction in canine allergic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:386-399. [PMID: 38361109 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal and owner quality-of-life (QoL) is pivotal in treatment decisions. Accurate measurement of owner-reported QoL and treatment satisfaction (TS) supports disease burden and treatment benefit evaluation. OBJECTIVES Develop and evaluate an owner-completed canine dermatitis QoL and TS questionnaire (CDQoL-TSQ) in allergic dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CDQoL-TSQ was drafted following review of existing measures and expert input. Content validity was assessed through interviews with owners of allergic dogs. Psychometric properties of the QoL domains (Canine QoL, Owner QoL) were evaluated. Score interpretation was derived. RESULTS Twenty dog owners were interviewed. Item wording was amended following the first 10 interviews. Data from 211 owners were used in the psychometric evaluation. The Canine QoL domain demonstrated strong internal consistency (α = 0.89), test-retest reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.844), moderate convergent validity (r = 0.41) and moderate-high known-groups validity (effect size 0.37-0.64). The Owner QoL domain demonstrated strong internal consistency (α = 0.73), high convergent validity (r = 0.63) and moderate-high known-groups validity (0.43-0.63). Test-retest reliability approached moderate strength (ICC2,1 = 0.490). Group-level interpretation analysis showed minimal important difference of 7.0-13.6 points for dogs and 13.0-13.6 for owners. For individual dogs a change of 6.3 or 12.5 points for dogs, and 12.5 or 18.8 for owners indicates a response. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The CDQOL-TSQ is a two-part assessment to evaluate QoL and TS in canine allergic dermatitis. The QoL questionnaire demonstrated validity and reliability, and interpretation of scores was derived, making it suitable for use in research and practice. The TS module is suitable for clinical setting use to improve owner-veterinarian communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Wells
- Patient-Centered Outcomes, Adelphi Values Ltd, Bollington, UK
- Clinical Outcomes Assessment Department, Sanofi, UK
| | | | | | | | - C Noli
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari, Peveragno, Italy
| | - C Panter
- Patient-Centered Outcomes, Adelphi Values Ltd, Bollington, UK
| | - S Tatlock
- Patient-Centered Outcomes, Adelphi Values Ltd, Bollington, UK
| | - A Wright
- Zoetis, Parsippany, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sofou EI, Aleksandrova S, Chatzis M, Samuel Badulescu E, Saridomichelakis MN. Establishment of clinical criteria for the diagnosis of adverse food reactions in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:418-431. [PMID: 38425024 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of canine adverse food reactions (AFRs) is based on vague criteria, such as '>50% improvement' during elimination diet trial (EDT) followed by 'deterioration' during provocation test (PT). OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to use predefined criteria to evaluate response during EDT [i.e., Owner Global Assessment of Treatment Efficacy (OGATE) = good-to-excellent] and relapse during PT [i.e., Owner Global Assessment of Challenge Deterioration (OGACD) = moderate-to-severe and/or >100% increase of lesional (Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration, CADESI-04) and/or of pruritus (pruritus Visual Analog Scale, PVAS) scores]. ANIMALS Twenty-nine dogs with atopic dermatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extensively hydrolysed diet was fed to all dogs followed, in seven of 11 nonresponders, by a second home-made novel-protein EDT. Dogs responding to either EDT were challenged with their previous diet. RESULTS Thirteen (44.8%) dogs were diagnosed with AFRs: at the end of EDT, their OGATE was good (9 of 13; 69.2%) or excellent (four of 13; 30.8%), and both CADESI-04 (46.7%) and PVAS (71.1%) had decreased significantly; at the end of PT, OGACD was moderate or severe in 12 of 13 (92.3%) dogs, and both CADESI-04 (127.9%) and PVAS (181.8%) had increased significantly. Of the 16 dogs without AFRs, 6 (37.5%) responded to the commercial (n = 5) or home-made (n = 1) diet [OGATE = good (three of six) or excellent (three of six)], with significant concurrent reduction of CADESI-04 and nonsignificant reduction of PVAS, yet they did not relapse during PT. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The proposed (predefined) criteria for the evaluation of response during EDT and deterioration during PT seem reliable and are easily applicable in clinical practice and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evi I Sofou
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Svetlina Aleksandrova
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Manolis Chatzis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Elisa Samuel Badulescu
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schäfer L, Thom N. A placebo-controlled, double-blind study evaluating the effect of orally administered polyunsaturated fatty acids on the oclacitinib dose for atopic dogs. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:408-417. [PMID: 38465482 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supplementation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) enables dose reduction of prednisolone and ciclosporin in canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). OBJECTIVE To determine if oral administration of PUFA reduces the dose of oclacitinib in cAD. ANIMALS Twenty-two client-owned dogs with cAD receiving oclacitinib. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dogs received a fish oil product (PUFA) or paraffin oil (placebo) for 16 weeks. Owners adjusted the oclacitinib dose according to daily pruritus assessments. On Day (D)0, D56 and D112, Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, fourth iteration (CADESI-04), pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS), quality-of-life score (QoL), Global Assessment (GA), quality-of-coat (QoC) and adverse events were recorded. RESULTS Mean daily oclacitinib dose was significantly reduced in the PUFA group from 0.51 ± 0.20 mg/kg/24 h (D0) to 0.19 ± 0.14 mg/kg/24 h (D85-112; p < 0.00001) and not in the placebo group (D0: 0.70 ± 0.33 mg/kg/24 h; D85-112: 0.53 ± 0.35 mg/kg/24 h, p = 0.5422). CADESI-04 did not change over time or differ between groups. PVAS was significantly lower in the PUFA group (2.8 ± 1.5) compared to placebo (4.2 ± 1.6) at D112 (p = 0.0375). QoL and QoC improved only in the PUFA group (QoL: D0: 20 ± 7, D112: 12 ± 5, p = 0.0057; QoC: D0: 0 ± 0.5, D112: 1 ± 0.5, p = 0.0410). GA on D112 was higher in the PUFA group (p = 0.008). No adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION Oral supplementation of PUFA allowed dose reduction of oclacitinib and improved PVAS, QoL, QoC and GA. The use of PUFA is recommended and was safe in the atopic study dogs receiving oclacitinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schäfer
- Clinic for Small Animals, Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nina Thom
- Clinic for Small Animals, Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Small Animal Practice 'Am Aartalsee', Hohenahr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Widorn L, Zabolotski Y, Mueller RS. A prospective study evaluating the correlation between local weather conditions, pollen counts and pruritus of dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38887962 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a hereditary, generally pruritic and predominantly T-cell-driven inflammatory skin disease, involving an interplay between skin barrier abnormalities, allergen sensitisation and microbial dysbiosis. The individual immunological response is predominantly against environmental allergens, including mite antigens; mould spores; and pollen from grasses, trees and weeds. Airborne pollens show fluctuating patterns during the year. OBJECTIVE The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the influence of local pollen concentrations and weather conditions on the clinical signs of atopic dogs, and to investigate any possible correlations with the results of intradermal testing (IDT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-seven privately owned atopic dogs in Bavaria were surveyed from 1 April to 30 November 2021. Owners were asked to record pruritus using a validated Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) score and the weekly medication of their dog. Furthermore, weather data, including pollen count, rainfall, relative humidity, hours of sunshine and temperature from the dog's location were collected daily. RESULTS Of the evaluated parameters, only humidity and medication scores correlated positively with the PVAS scores of the atopic dogs. There was no correlation between specific pollen counts and PVAS scores of dogs with positive IDT reactions to that pollen. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The outcome of this study highlights the importance of a careful interpretation of positive IDT results in dogs with cAD and questions the validity of airborne pollen trap methodology in representing pollen exposure for dogs at ground level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Widorn
- Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Y Zabolotski
- Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf S Mueller
- Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lefrançois J, Otis C, Moreau M, Visser M, Bessey L, Gonzales A, Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Troncy E, Sauvé F. Comparison of intradermal and serum testing for environmental allergen-specific immunoglobulin E determination in a laboratory colony of cats with naturally acquired atopic syndrome. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:305-316. [PMID: 38192079 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen testing is used to select antigens included in the desensitisation vaccine. Intradermal skin test (IDT) is the gold standard in cats, yet allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E serological testing (ASIS) is often used. Feline data are lacking regarding the agreement between IDT and ASIS results. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The first objective of the study was to establish a colony of cats with naturally acquired feline atopic syndrome (FAS). Further objectives were to define their hypersensitivity disorder to detail the allergen tests results, and to assess similarity between the allergen tests. ANIMALS Thirty-five cats with FAS and 10 control cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enrolled cats went through a five phase-screening and quarantine process before joining the colony. An elimination diet trial was performed on all FAS cats. ASIS and IDT were consecutively performed on all cats under sedation. RESULTS Reactions to 34 allergens were compiled for the 45 cats. Global sensitivity and specificity of ASIS were 34.7% and 78.9%, respectively. Only flea (ICC = 0.26, p = 0.040) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (ICC = 0.48, p < 0.001) allergens had a significant intraclass correlation (weak agreement). Two FAS cats had negative tests including one cat with a concomitant food allergy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study depicts the first reported colony of cats with naturally acquired FAS. This is the first feline study to compare and show the poor agreement between allergen tests with a panel of 34 allergens. This colony also harbours two cats with FAS with negative allergen tests. These may represent the first described cats with an intrinsic form of atopic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lefrançois
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Colombe Otis
- Groupe de recherche en pharmacologie animale du Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maxim Moreau
- Groupe de recherche en pharmacologie animale du Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marike Visser
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development (VMRD), Zoetis Inc, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Lauren Bessey
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development (VMRD), Zoetis Inc, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrea Gonzales
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development (VMRD), Zoetis Inc, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, CHUM Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, CHUM Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Troncy
- Groupe de recherche en pharmacologie animale du Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Sauvé
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Noli C, Morelli G, della Valle MF, Schievano C. Effects of a Protocol Combining a Non-Irritating Shampoo and an Adelmidrol-Based Adsorbent Mousse on Seborrhoea and Other Signs and Symptoms Secondary to Canine Atopic Dermatitis: A Multicenter, Open-Label Uncontrolled Clinical Trial. Vet Sci 2024; 11:229. [PMID: 38921976 PMCID: PMC11209480 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of a gentle shampoo and a mousse containing Adelmidrol, tapioca starch and a non-prescription antimicrobial complex on seborrhoea and other clinical signs secondary to canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). Forty-six dogs with cAD-associated seborrhoea and/or pruritus > 4 cm on the pruritus visual analogue scale (P-VAS) and/or bacterial/Malassezia overgrowth were enrolled. The mousse was applied twice daily, and dogs were evaluated at days (D)0, 7, 14 and optionally 28, by means of a skin seborrheic index (SSI), P-VAS, cAD lesion index (CADLI), and a semiquantitative cytological score. The mean SSI value improved during the first two weeks (4.1 ± 0.37 to 1.9 ± 0.30; p < 0.0001). The mean P-VAS score (cm) decreased from 6.6 ± 0.19 at D0 to 3.8 ± 0.31 at D14 (p < 0.0001). The mean CADLI score dropped from 13.7 ± 1.24 to 8.5 ± 1.14 at D14 (p < 0.001). The cytological score for bacteria and Malassezia decreased from 3.2 ± 0.10 and 3.2 ± 0.11, respectively, to 1.2 ± 0.19 and 1.2 ± 0.24 (p < 0.0001). All the investigated signs further improved at D28. Altogether, these observations suggest that the tested protocol might be useful in managing cAD-associated signs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Noli
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari, Strada Bedale della Ressia 2, 12016 Peveragno, Italy
| | - Giada Morelli
- CeDIS (Science Information and Documentation Center), Innovet Italia Srl, Via Leonardo Da Vinci 3, 35030 Saccolongo, Italy
| | - Maria Federica della Valle
- CeDIS (Science Information and Documentation Center), Innovet Italia Srl, Via Leonardo Da Vinci 3, 35030 Saccolongo, Italy
| | - Carlo Schievano
- Innovative Statistical Research Srl, Prato della Valle 24, 35123 Padova, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tate DE, Tanprasertsuk J, Jones RB, Maughan H, Chakrabarti A, Khafipour E, Norton SA, Shmalberg J, Honaker RW. A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Impact of a Novel Probiotic and Nutraceutical Supplement on Pruritic Dermatitis and the Gut Microbiota in Privately Owned Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:453. [PMID: 38338095 PMCID: PMC10854619 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pruritic dermatitis (PD) is a common presentation of canine allergic skin diseases, with diversity in severity and treatment response due to complex etiopathogenesis. Evidence suggests the gut microbiota (GM) may contribute to the development of canine allergies. A 10-week double-blind randomized controlled trial evaluated a novel probiotic and nutraceutical blend (PNB) on clinical signs of skin allergy, health measures, and the GM of privately owned self-reported pruritic dogs. A total of 105 dogs were enrolled, with 62 included in pruritus and health analysis and 50 in microbiome analysis. The PNB supported greater improvement of owner-assessed clinical signs of PD at week 2 than the placebo (PBO). More dogs that received the PNB shifted to normal pruritus (digital PVAS10-N: <2) by week 4, compared to week 7 for the PBO. While a placebo effect was identified, clinical differences were supported by changes in the GM. The PNB enriched three probiotic bacteria and reduced abundances of species associated with negative effects. The PBO group demonstrated increased abundances of pathogenic species and reduced abundances of several beneficial species. This trial supports the potential of the PNB as a supplemental intervention in the treatment of PD; however, further investigation is warranted, with stricter diagnostic criteria, disease biomarkers and direct veterinary examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devon E. Tate
- NomNomNow Inc., Nashville, TN 37207, USA; (D.E.T.); (J.T.); (R.B.J.)
| | | | - Roshonda B. Jones
- NomNomNow Inc., Nashville, TN 37207, USA; (D.E.T.); (J.T.); (R.B.J.)
| | | | | | - Ehsan Khafipour
- Cargill Inc., Wayzata, MN 55391, USA; (A.C.); (E.K.); (S.A.N.)
| | | | - Justin Shmalberg
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ryan W. Honaker
- NomNomNow Inc., Nashville, TN 37207, USA; (D.E.T.); (J.T.); (R.B.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Serra Fabregat X, de Pablo MÁ, Hernán-Pérez C, Diéguez E, Valero Coppin O, Genové Corominas E. Efficacy and tolerance of a novel topical TRPV-1 channel antagonist in dogs with allergic pododermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:514-522. [PMID: 37309264 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pruritus due to allergic skin disease is one of the most common reasons for dermatological consultations in the veterinary clinic. Treatment is usually multimodal and requires continuous monitoring and reassessment. New therapies are needed to broaden the therapeutic arsenal. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel antagonist for allergic pododermatitis in dogs. ANIMALS Twenty-four client-owned dogs with allergic pododermatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was an open, prospective, multi-centre clinical trial with client-owned dogs. All dogs were treated twice daily with a spray containing hydroxymethoxyiodobenzyl glycolamide pelargonate for 28 days. Clinical assessments included pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS), pedal skin lesion score, evaluation of quality of life (QoL), presence of secondary infections and a four-point subjective efficacy assessment by the veterinarian and the dog owner. RESULTS There was more than 50% improvement in all scores by the conclusion of the study. Secondary infections were reduced (p < 0.001). Both the veterinarians and dog owners evaluated the efficacy of the product positively. The product was well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study demonstrated the tolerability and efficacy of a TRPV1 antagonist on pruritic pododermatitis in 24 dogs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Luciani L, Stefanetti V, Rampacci E, Gobbi P, Valentini L, Capuozzo R, Passamonti F. Comparison between clinical evaluations and laboratory findings and the impact of biofilm on antimicrobial susceptibility in vitro in canine otitis externa. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:586-596. [PMID: 37580811 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In canine otitis externa (OE), biofilm-producing bacteria are frequently present but biofilm may be underdiagnosed clinically. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The study aimed to investigate an association between clinical and cytological findings with bacteriological data from dogs with OE, to establish, through Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) examination, whether the presence of biofilm in vivo can be predicted and to evaluate the impact of biofilm on antimicrobial susceptibility tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-six dogs showing clinical signs of OE were enrolled. One cotton swab each was collected for ESEM, bacterial culture and susceptibility testing and for cytology. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (n = 42, 48.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 26, 30.2%) were tested for their ability to form biofilm. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC), Minimal Biofilm Inhibitory Concentrations (MBIC) and Minimal Biofilm Eradication Concentrations (MBEC) towards enrofloxacin, gentamicin, polymyxin B and rifampicin were determined. RESULTS Pseudomonas aeruginosa was positively associated with the biofilm clinical evaluation (p < 0.01) and neutrophils (p < 0.05), nuclear streaks (p < 0.01) and rods bacteria (p < 0.01) on cytology. S. pseudintermedius was associated with a low presence of neutrophils. There was a statistical correlation between clinical and cytological biofilm presence (p ≤ 0.01), but none with the biofilm production assay nor ESEM biofilm detection. No differences were found comparing the results of MIC and MBIC. MBEC results showed higher values than MIC and MBIC for all antimicrobials tested (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Biofilm presence in OE was often underdiagnosed. Even if there is no specific clinical or cytological pattern related to biofilm, its presence should always be suspected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Luciani
- Private Practitioner, Centro Veterinario Cattolica, Cattolica, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Rampacci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pietro Gobbi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Carlo Bo, Italy
| | - Laura Valentini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Carlo Bo, Italy
| | - Raffaella Capuozzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kasper B, Boehm T, Wittenstein N, Mueller RS. Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants in atopic and healthy dogs and their influence on allergy test specificity. Vet Rec 2023; 193:e3308. [PMID: 37614212 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The selection of allergens for immunotherapy in atopic dogs is often based on serum allergy testing. Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) are common structures in plant and insect allergens that reportedly induce polysensitisation, reduce agreement between intradermal and serum tests and complicate allergen selection. METHODS Thirty-four dogs with diagnosed atopic dermatitis and 10 healthy dogs were included in the study. An intradermal test was conducted in atopic dogs, and serum samples from allergic and healthy dogs were analysed for allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) before and after inhibition of detectable anti-CCD-IgE antibodies. RESULTS Anti-CCD-IgE antibodies were not found in any of the healthy dogs and no polysensitisation to plant and insect allergens was detected. The agreement between intradermal and serum allergy test results in the atopic dogs with anti-CCD-IgE antibodies improved from slight to fair after blocking the anti-CCD-IgE antibodies. In addition, blocking clearly reduced polysensitisation to plant allergens but not to acarid allergens. LIMITATIONS Only a limited number of healthy dogs were tested in this study. A gold standard for determining the clinical relevance of IgE sensitisation does not exist. CONCLUSION Inhibition of anti-CCD-IgE antibodies seems to be of importance to improve serum test specificity for allergen-specific IgE in atopic dogs in relation to intradermal allergy testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Kasper
- Center of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Teresa Boehm
- Center of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ralf S Mueller
- Center of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sugita K, Shima A, Takahashi K, Ishihara G, Kawano K, Ohmori K. Pilot evaluation of a single oral fecal microbiota transplantation for canine atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8824. [PMID: 37258604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). However, the gut microbiota has not been well characterized in dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). In addition, the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in dogs with AD remains unclear. This research, therefore, aimed to characterize the gut microbiota of dogs with AD and conduct pilot evaluation of the efficacy of a single oral FMT on clinical signs and the gut microbiota of dogs with AD. For these purposes, we used 12 dogs with AD and 20 healthy dogs. The 16S rRNA analysis of the fecal microbiota revealed significant differences between 12 dogs with AD and 20 healthy dogs. Next, a single oral FMT was performed in 12 dogs with AD as a single-arm, open-label clinical trial for 56 days. A single oral FMT significantly decreased Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI)-04 scores from day 0 (median score, 16.5) to day 56 (8) and Pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) scores from days 0 (median score, 3) to day 56 (1). Furthermore, a single oral FMT changed the composition of the fecal microbiota of dogs with AD at the phylum and genus levels. The number of common amplicon sequence variants in the fecal microbiota between donor dogs and dogs with AD was positively correlated with CADESI-04 and PVAS reduction ratios 56 days after FMT. Our findings suggest that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cAD, and that oral FMT could be a new therapeutic approach targeting the gut microbiota in cAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sugita
- Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Sugita Animal Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ayaka Shima
- Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaho Takahashi
- Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Koji Kawano
- Tokyo Animal Allergy Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastroenterological Oncology, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keitaro Ohmori
- Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
- Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Muramatsu S, Kohata Y, Hira E, Momoi Y, Yamamoto M, Takamatsu S, Itoh T. Margined Horn-Shaped Air Chamber for Body-Conduction Microphone. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23094565. [PMID: 37177769 PMCID: PMC10181571 DOI: 10.3390/s23094565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The sound amplification ratios of sealed air chambers with different shapes were quantitatively compared to design a body-conduction microphone to measure animal scratching sounds. Recently, quantitative monitoring of scratching intensity in dogs has been required. We have already developed a collar with a body-conduction microphone to measure body-conducted scratching sounds. However, the air chamber, one of the components of the body-conduction microphone, has not been appropriately designed. This study compared the amplification ratios of air chambers with different shapes through numerical analysis and experiments. According to the results, the horn-shaped air chamber achieved the highest amplification performance, at least for sound frequencies below 3 kHz. The simulated amplification ratio of the horn-shaped air chamber with a 1 mm height and a 15 mm diameter was 52.5 dB. The deformation of the bottom of the air chamber affected the amplification ratio. Adjusting the margin of the margined horn shape could maintain its amplification ratio at any pressing force. The simulated and experimental amplification ratios of the margined horn-shaped air chamber were 53.4 dB and 19.4 dB, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Muramatsu
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuki Kohata
- Department of Precision Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Emi Hira
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Momoi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Michitaka Yamamoto
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Precision Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Seiichi Takamatsu
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Precision Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Itoh
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Precision Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mueller RS, Zablotski Y, Baumann K, Boehm T, Kasper B, Klinger C, Monke M, Udraite-Vovk L, Weitzer T, Gedon NKY. A randomised, double-blinded comparison between subcutaneous rush and intralympathic allergen immunotherapy induction in atopic dogs. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:91-98. [PMID: 36424528 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases in small animal practice. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only curative treatment for the disease, and oral, subcutaneous and intralymphatic administration of allergens are commonly employed. OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy of AIT following an induction phase with intralymphatic injections (ILIT) or rush immunotherapy (RIT). ANIMALS Fifty privately owned dogs with AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a double-blinded study, dogs were randomly assigned to either four monthly ILIT of allergen extract or RIT with five injections administered subcutaneously at hourly intervals on the first day. They were assessed by validated scores; Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Index (CADLI) and pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) at the beginning of the study and after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The latter were performed daily for 7 days before each revisit. Medication scores and a total clinical score were calculated and compared between each group and time point. RESULTS There was no significant difference in CADLI and PVAS scores, or CADLI and medication scores between groups at any of the time points. A significant improvement with both ILIT and RIT was seen in total and pruritus scores, respectively. An owner global assessment of good-to-excellent treatment efficacy was seen in 40% of the dogs; total scores improved by 27% and 35% in the RIT and ILIT group, respectively. Adverse effects were not seen. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Induction of AIT can be conducted either as RIT or ILIT with no loss in efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf S Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuri Zablotski
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Baumann
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Teresa Boehm
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Kasper
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Maarten Monke
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Tamara Weitzer
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Natalie K Y Gedon
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim J, Lee JH, Song Y, Kim HJ. Effect of indoor house dust mite concentration on canine atopic dermatitis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1078306. [PMID: 36816188 PMCID: PMC9932715 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1078306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction House dust mites (HDM) are regarded as essential environmental allergens not only in human, but also in canine atopic dermatitis (CAD), however, there are only a few studies on the influence of indoor HDM concentration on the disease. Methods Our study analyzed the correlation between the indoor HDM concentration, the severity of CAD, and the residential environments in client-owned 35 AD and 13 healthy dogs. We measured the extent of CAD and severity index-04 (CADESI-04), pruritus visual analog scale (PVAS), and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), indoor relative humidity (RH) and analyzed the residential environment questionnaires to evaluate AD severity. Results The Der f 1 concentration had an inverse association with TEWL, and no association with CADESI-04 and PVAS. The Der f 1 concentration was significantly high in the group living near the green area and 40% or higher RH. Discussion Our results suggest two possibilities: (1) Living around green areas and maintaining an appropriate indoor climate may help to improve CAD clinical symptoms. (2) The HDM may contain endotoxin and when present in high concentrations in CAD, they play a preventive role by enhancing the skin barrier function. Further studies with a larger number of dogs may help further elucidate an association between CAD and Der f 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea,BK 21 Project Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunji Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea,BK 21 Project Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea,BK 21 Project Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Ha-Jung Kim ✉
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Performance and Tolerance of a Protocol for Idiopathic Chronic Greasy Seborrhea in 18 Dogs Using a Shampoo and Mousse Containing Plant Extracts. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020095. [PMID: 36851399 PMCID: PMC9960626 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the tolerance, performance and effect on hair lipids and skin hydration of a protocol combining applications of one shampoo and subsequent mousses containing plant extracts (Ophytrium and Seboliance) in dogs with an undiagnosed chronic greasy keratinisation disorder. Six dogs were washed with plain water on day (D)0. Twelve dogs were shampooed on D0 and received eight mousse applications at 48-72 h intervals from D2 to D18. Clinical score (CS), Natural Moisturizing Factors (NMF) and hair lipids (HL) were evaluated on D0, D0 + 4 h, D7, D14 and D24. At baseline, no significant differences were observed in CS, NMF and HL between groups. In the control group, CS and HL remained stable throughout the study while a slight decrease in NMF was observed at D0 + 4 h. CS was significantly reduced in the test group between D0 and D7 (-53%) which reached 91% at D24 (p < 0.05), with no side effects. NMF levels decreased in the test group at D0 + 4 h (-73%, p < 0.0001) and returned to baseline from D14. In conclusion, one shampoo and subsequent mousse applications rapidly and safely improved coat quality in dogs with an undiagnosed keratinisation disorder without affecting NMF and HL contents over the study period.
Collapse
|
16
|
Manuel CA, Pearson EC, Pugazhenthi U, Fink MK, Habenicht LM, Fong DL, Leszczynski JK, Schurr MJ. A Clinical Scoring Systems for the Evaluation of Corynebacterium bovis -associated Disease in NSG Mice. Comp Med 2022; 72:386-393. [PMID: 36744509 PMCID: PMC9827608 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-22-000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical signs of Corynebacterium bovis infections are well-known in athymic nude mice. However, C. bovis can also infect and cause clinical signs in many hirsute, immunocompromised mouse strains such as NSG (NOD. Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wgl/SzJ). Typically, the clinical assessment of C. bovis-infected mice begins when overt clinical signs are initially observed and thus the early course of infection has not been thoroughly described. The goal of this study was to characterize the clinical progression of C. bovis infection in NSG mice under experimental conditions and develop a quantifiable clinical scoring system. For the development and application of this clinical scoring system, 54 naïve NSG mice were exposed to soiled bedding from clinically ill C. bovis-infected NSG mice and the emergence of clinical signs was monitored and scored weekly for 8 wk. Overall, we identified 6 benchmark changes associated with C. bovis clinical infection. Four changes were the appearance of the eyes, ears, hair coat, and posture. Two behavioral changes were increased grooming activity and rapid head shaking. All clinical signs appeared consistently and progressed temporally with increasing clinical severity. Characterization of clinical signs and scoring of clinical disease will aid veterinarians in the assessment of C. bovis-infected NSG mice and may help in the evaluation of current and future clinical interventions used to prevent or treat C. bovis-infected immunodeficient mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Manuel
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado;,Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado;,University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado;,Corresponding Author.
| | - Emily C Pearson
- Center for Animal Resources and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Umarani Pugazhenthi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael K Fink
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado;,Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lauren M Habenicht
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado;,Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Derek L Fong
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado;,Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jori K Leszczynski
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado;,Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael J Schurr
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chiocchetti R, Salamanca G, De Silva M, Gobbo F, Aspidi F, Cunha RZ, Galiazzo G, Tagliavia C, Sarli G, Morini M. Cannabinoid receptors in the inflammatory cells of canine atopic dermatitis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:987132. [PMID: 36187821 PMCID: PMC9521433 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.987132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common cutaneous inflammatory and pruritic diseases in dogs. Considering its multifactorial nature, AD can be a challenging disease to manage, and the therapeutic strategy must often be multimodal. In recent years, research has been moving toward the use of natural products which have beneficial effects on inflammation and itching, and no side effects. Cannabinoid receptors have been demonstrated to be expressed in healthy and diseased skin; therefore, one of the potential alternative therapeutic targets for investigating AD is the endocannabinoid system (ECS).ObjectiveTo immunohistochemically investigate the expression of the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R), and the cannabinoid-related receptors G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in mast cells (MCs), macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, and neutrophils of the skin of dogs with AD.AnimalsSamples of skin tissues were collected from eight dogs with AD (AD-dogs).Materials and methodsThe immunofluorescent stained cryosections of the skins of 8 dogs with AD having antibodies against CB2R, GPR55, TRPV1, TRPA1 were semiquantitatively evaluated. The inflammatory cells were identified using antibodies against tryptase (mast cells), ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) (macrophages/DCs), CD3 (T cells), and calprotectin (neutrophils). The proportions of MCs, macrophages/DCs, T cells, and neutrophils expressing CB2R, GPR55, TRPV1 and TRPA1 were evaluated.ResultsThe cells of the inflammatory infiltrate showed immunoreactivity (IR) for all or for some of the cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors studied. In particular, MCs and macrophages/DCs showed CB2R-, GPR55-, TRPA1-, and TRPV1-IR; T cells showed CB2R-, GPR55- and TRPA1-IR, and neutrophils expressed GPR55-IR. Co-localization studies indicated that CB2R-IR was co-expressed with TRPV1-, TRPA1-, and GPR55-IR in different cellular elements of the dermis of the AD-dogs.Conclusions and clinical importanceCannabinoid receptor 2, and cannabinoid-related receptors GPR55, TRPV1 and TRPA1 were widely expressed in the inflammatory infiltrate of the AD-dogs. Based on the present findings, the ECS could be considered to be a potential therapeutic target for dogs with AD, and may mitigate itch and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Chiocchetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberto Chiocchetti
| | - Giulia Salamanca
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita De Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Gobbo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Aspidi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Zamith Cunha
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Galiazzo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Tagliavia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Località Piano D'Accio, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Morini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Colombo S, Sartori R, Schievano C, Borio S. Development and validation of an owner-assessed Visual Analog Scale for feline pruritus severity scoring (VAScat). Vet Dermatol 2022; 33:407-413. [PMID: 35920060 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of the severity of pruritus is difficult in cats, because they manifest discomfort by increased licking, increased scratching or both. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Our objective was to develop and validate a feline-specific pruritus scale (VAScat). METHODS The scale was designed as a double Visual Analog Scale (VAS), one VAS for licking and one for scratching, with severity and behavioural descriptors. The highest score (VAS-max) on either VAS was taken as the pruritus score for each cat. Owners of 153 cats with skin diseases and of 108 healthy cats scored their pet's pruritus using the VAScat. Ninety-six of 153 cats with skin diseases also were re-evaluated after four to eight weeks of treatment. RESULTS Pearson's correlation value between VAS-licking and VAS-scratching scores was r = 0.26 (p < 0.01), and Cronbach's alpha was 0.41. Both indexes indicated that the two scales measure different manifestations of pruritus and supported the use of a dual assessing system. Comparison with a numerical pruritus severity scale (0, absent; 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, severe) suggested that VAS-licking and VAS-scratching scales taken alone are unsuitable for measuring absent to mild pruritus (grades 0-1), while VAS-max is (p = 0.001). VAS-licking, VAS-scratching and VAS-max all were suitable to assess higher levels of pruritus (grades 2-3, p < 0.01). The VAScat was able to measure pruritus improvement following therapy, as post-treatment scores were significantly decreased compared to pre-treatment ones (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The VAScat proved to be a useful tool to assess pruritus in cats and for monitoring the response to treatment for pruritus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefano Borio
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sofou EI, Aleksandrova S, Badulescu E, Chatzis M, Saridomichelakis M. Efficacy of Antimicrobial Treatment in Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis: An Observational Study. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080385. [PMID: 35893778 PMCID: PMC9332798 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a shortage of studies reporting the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment of dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD) and skin infections (SIs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in the severity of skin lesions and pruritus, and the overall efficacy of antimicrobial treatment, in dogs with AD and bacterial overgrowth/infection and/or Malassezia dermatitis. A total of 20 dogs with AD and SIs were prospectively enrolled (group A) and they were examined before and after the administration of systemic antimicrobials that resulted in the resolution of SIs. In addition, 19 dogs fulfilling the same inclusion criteria and treated with systemic, with or without topical antimicrobials, were included retrospectively (group B). Since there were no major differences between the groups, their results were combined. The severity of skin lesions decreased significantly, by 30% based on Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index-4 (CADESI-4), by 28.1% based on the erythema domain of CADESI-4 and based on owner’s global assessment of the severity of skin lesions. Pruritus decreased significantly, by 34.7% based on the Pruritus Visual Analogue Scale (PVAS). The efficacy of antimicrobial treatment was assessed as good to excellent by the investigator and the owner in 55% and 60% of the dogs, respectively. Despite the significant improvement, there was high variability in the response to treatment among dogs. Further studies are needed to find factors that determine the response to antimicrobial treatment in dogs with AD and SIs.
Collapse
|
20
|
Gober M, Hillier A, Vasquez-Hidalgo MA, Amodie D, Mellencamp MA. Use of Cytopoint in the Allergic Dog. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:909776. [PMID: 35928119 PMCID: PMC9343842 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.909776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic dermatitis is the most common type of skin disease in dogs. Of all dogs, 20 to 30% present with some type of allergic dermatitis. Pruritus is one of the most important signs of allergic dermatitis and is often the most challenging to control. Interleukin-31 (IL-31) has been found to be one of the main initiators of pruritus in dogs with allergic dermatitis. Cytopoint®, a caninized monoclonal anti-IL-31 antibody, has been shown to be effective for the treatment of dogs against allergic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. US label indication. A recent retrospective study reported that Cytopoint achieved treatment success in 87.8% of the cases with allergic dermatitis. No prospective cohort studies have been performed investigating the effects of Cytopoint in dogs with allergic dermatitis using the dosing protocol prescribed on the product label in the United States. In this study, our objectives were to assess the efficacy of Cytopoint for treatment of canine allergic dermatitis of variable etiologies and management of the associated pruritus, and add to the body of evidence available to the veterinarian as they make treatment recommendations. Dogs included in this study had moderate to severe pruritus according to the Pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS; ≥ 50 mm) and a history of likely continuation of pruritus at the time of presentation. On day 0, investigators recorded the initial body weight and every patient received one dose of Cytopoint (minimum 2 mg/kg SQ) and an isoxazoline product for parasite control. Treatment success for this study was defined as a ≥20 mm reduction in PVAS from Day 0. On Day 7, 94% of the dogs had achieved treatment success. On Day 28, 98% had achieved treatment success and cumulatively by day 56, 100% of the dogs achieved treatment success. This prospective study provides evidence that Cytopoint effectively treats dogs with allergic dermatitis of different types and the associated pruritus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Gober
- Zoetis, Inc., Parsippany, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Margaret Gober
| | | | - Manuel A. Vasquez-Hidalgo
- Zoetis, Inc., Parsippany, NJ, United States
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chiocchetti R, De Silva M, Aspidi F, Cunha RZ, Gobbo F, Tagliavia C, Sarli G, Morini M. Distribution of Cannabinoid Receptors in Keratinocytes of Healthy Dogs and Dogs With Atopic Dermatitis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:915896. [PMID: 35873682 PMCID: PMC9305491 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.915896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is commonly accepted that some form of skin barrier dysfunction is present in canine atopic dermatitis (AD), one of the most common cutaneous pruritic inflammatory diseases of dogs. The impaired skin barrier function facilitates the penetration of allergens and subsequently stronger sensitization responses. The role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the physiology and pathology of the skin is becoming increasingly established. It has been demonstrated that cannabinoid receptors are expressed in healthy and diseased skin and, based on current knowledge, it could be stated that cannabinoids are important mediators in the skin. The present study has been designed to immunohistochemically investigate the expression of the cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1R) and 2 (CB2R) and the cannabinoid-related receptors G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPARα), and serotoninergic receptor 1a (5-HT1aR) in keratinocytes of healthy dogs and of dogs with AD. Samples of skin tissues were collected from 7 healthy controls (CTRL-dogs) and from 8 dogs with AD (AD-dogs). The tissue samples were processed using an immunofluorescence assay with commercially available antibodies, and the immunolabelling of the receptors studied was quantitatively evaluated. The keratinocytes of the CTRL- and the AD-dogs showed immunoreactivity for all the receptors investigated with a significant upregulation of CB2R, TRPA1, and 5-HT1aR in the epidermis of the AD-dogs. The presence of cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors in healthy keratinocytes suggested the possible role of the ECS in canine epidermal homeostasis while their overexpression in the inflamed tissues of the AD-dogs suggested the involvement of the ECS in the pathogenesis of this disease, having a possible role in the related skin inflammation and itching. Based on the present findings, the ECS could be considered a potential therapeutic target for dogs with AD.
Collapse
|
22
|
McAuliffe LR, Koch CS, Serpell J, Campbell KL. Associations Between Atopic Dermatitis and Anxiety, Aggression, and Fear-Based Behaviors in Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022; 58:161-167. [PMID: 35793484 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine if anxiety, aggression, and fear-related behaviors are more common in pruritic dogs with atopic dermatitis than nonpruritic, healthy dogs. One hundred forty-one pruritic dogs >1 yr of age with a clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis and a >3 mo history of pruritus were recruited. Dog owners completed a behavioral survey (canine behavioral assessment and research questionnaire) and a pruritus scale (pruritus visual analog scale). Pruritic, atopic dogs showed significant increases in fear- and anxiety-related behaviors as well as aggression compared with a large control group of healthy dogs. Stranger-directed aggression, owner-directed aggression, familiar-dog aggression, dog-directed fear, nonsocial fear, touch sensitivity, excitability, and attention-seeking behaviors were all increased in the study group. Trainability was decreased in the study group. Chronically pruritic dogs experience fear and anxiety and are more likely to display aggression. This is an important welfare issue for these animals. Early recognition of the behavioral derangements that can be associated with chronic pruritic skin disease could allow early intervention with a multidisciplinary approach for these patients, thus improving patient and owner quality of life and long-term treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R McAuliffe
- From the University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center, Wentzville, Missouri (L.R.M., K.L.C.)
| | - Colleen S Koch
- From the Lincoln Land Animal Clinic Ltd., Jacksonville, Illinois (C.S.K.)
| | - James Serpell
- From the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.S.)
| | - Karen L Campbell
- From the University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center, Wentzville, Missouri (L.R.M., K.L.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bizikova P, Linder KE, Mamo LB. Trunk-dominant and classic facial pemphigus foliaceus in dogs - comparison of anti-desmocollin-1 and anti-desmoglein-1 autoantibodies and clinical presentations. Vet Dermatol 2022; 33:414-425. [PMID: 35670648 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine trunk-dominant pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is mentioned rarely in the literature. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to provide clinical description of trunk-dominant PF and to demonstrate the prevalence of serum antikeratinocyte, anti-desmocollin-1 (DSC1) and anti-desmoglein-1 (DSG1) antibodies, and determine their diagnostic value in this particular PF phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinically relevant information was collected from 31, 25 and 34 dogs with trunk-dominant and facial PF and superficial pyoderma (SP), respectively. Sera from these dogs were tested for antikeratinocyte, anti-DSC1 and anti-DSG1 antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence on canine tissues and DSC1- and DSG1-transfected cells. Sera from healthy dogs and dogs with clinically irrelevant diseases served as controls. RESULTS Footpad involvement and grouped/polycyclic lesion organisation were identified as features of both PF phenotypes, and not of SP. Antikeratinocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)G was not specific for canine PF. By contrast, antigen-specific IgG was detected only in PF sera; anti-DSC1 IgG in 100% and 58% of dogs with facial and trunk-dominant PF, respectively, and anti-DSG1 IgG in 7% of dogs with trunk-dominant PF only. CONCLUSIONS Trunk-dominant PF shares DSC1 as a major autoantigen with facial PF. The ability to detect anti-DSC1 IgG is lower in trunk-dominant PF, yet despite the lower sensitivity, the positive predictive value and accuracy of this particular anti-DSC1 IgG test are high. A negative test result, however, cannot exclude the diagnosis, and characteristic clinical features such as footpad involvement and/or grouped/polycyclic lesions must be considered when distinguishing trunk-dominant PF from its most relevant differential diagnosis: SP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bizikova
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Keith E Linder
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Lisa B Mamo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Loewinger M, Wakshlag JJ, Bowden D, Peters‐Kennedy J, Rosenberg A. The effect of a mixed cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid based oil on client‐owned dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2022; 33:329-e77. [PMID: 35644533 PMCID: PMC9543248 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) are reported to have antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory actions. Objectives To determine if CBD/CBDA is an effective therapy for canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). Animals Thirty‐two privately owned dogs with cAD. Materials and methods Prospective, randomised, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study. Concurrent therapies were allowed if remained unchanged. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive either 2 mg/kg of an equal mix of CBD/CBDA (n = 17) or placebo for 4 weeks. On Day (D)0, D14 and D28, Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI‐04) and pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) scores were determined by investigators and owners, respectively. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry profiles and cytokine bioassays were performed on serum collected on D0 and D28. Results There was no significant difference in CADESI‐04 from D0 to D14 (p = 0.42) or D28 (p = 0.51) in either group. pVAS scores were significantly lower for the treatment group at D14 (p = 0.04) and D28 (p = 0.01) and a significant change in pVAS from baseline was seen at D14 (p = 0.04) and not D28 (p = 0.054) between groups. There was no significant difference in serum levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, monocyte chemoattractant protein ‐ 1, IL‐31 or IL‐34 between groups at D0 or D28. Elevated alkaline phosphatase was observed in four of 17 treatment group dogs. Conclusions and clinical relevance CBD/CBDA as an adjunct therapy decreased pruritus, and not skin lesions associated with cAD in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph J. Wakshlag
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Daniel Bowden
- Animal Dermatology and Allergy Specialists Wayne NJ USA
| | - Jeanine Peters‐Kennedy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Isotretinoin Treatment for Autosomal Recessive Congenital Ichthyosis in a Golden Retriever. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9030097. [PMID: 35324825 PMCID: PMC8953346 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9030097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ichthyoses are hereditary cornification disorders that manifest with abnormal differentiation and desquamation of keratinocytes in a form of generalized dry and scaly skin. In golden retriever dogs, autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) has been associated with mutations in the PNPLA 1 gene. In human medicine, isotretinoin is frequently used to treat ARCIs. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and histological effects of isotretinoin on ARCI in a golden retriever dog with confirmed mutation in the PNPLA 1 gene. Clinical examination, blood analysis and histopathological examinations were conducted before and after 90 days of isotretinoin therapy. The clinical and histopathological findings indicate that treatment with oral isotretinoin was effective in improving ichthyosis without any side-effects.
Collapse
|
26
|
Strzok E, Torres SMF, Koch SN, Rendahl AK. Validation of the 0-10 verbal numeric scale for assessment of pruritus severity in dogs. Vet Dermatol 2022; 33:203-e58. [PMID: 35194863 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) is currently the only validated tool for assessing canine pruritus. A verbal numeric scale (VNS) offers an alternative if clients are not present or able to complete the pVAS. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE To validate the 0-10 VNS and evaluate its interchangeability with the pVAS. ANIMALS 251 dogs were included in the study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dog owners were asked to assess their pet's pruritus level using the pVAS, the 0-10 VNS and the verbal rating categories (mild, moderate, severe) in one or two subsequent visits. To be valid, VNS must satisfy the following: correlate with pVAS (criterion validity); indicate reduction in itch score after an antipruritic intervention (construct validity); and have scores related to the verbal rating categories that are significantly different (content validity). VNS and pVAS interchangeability and the percentage of clients that preferred the VNS and pVAS also were evaluated. RESULTS The VNS and pVAS correlation for visits 1 and 2 was good (rICC = 0.9) and excellent (rICC = 0.94). The VNS scores were significantly decreased after antipruritic interventions (P < 0.001). The VNS scores associated with the verbal rating scale categories (mild, moderate and severe) were significantly different (P < 0.001). The 95% limits of agreement for the pVAS and VAS were outside the limit of acceptability of ±2 (-2.0, 2.57). Most clients (69%) preferred the pVAS to the VNS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The VNS is a valid scale to evaluate canine pruritus; however, the VNS and pVAS are not interchangeable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Strzok
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1352 Boyd Ave, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Sheila M F Torres
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1352 Boyd Ave, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Sandra N Koch
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1352 Boyd Ave, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Aaron K Rendahl
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1988 Finch Ave, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Santoro D, Archer L, Chong E. Evaluation of cutaneous and circulating (serum and exosomes) levels of chemokines (
CCL17
,
CCL22
,
CCL27
and
CCL28
) in atopic dogs and their correlation with severity of the disease. Vet Dermatol 2022; 33:195-e56. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Linda Archer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Eric Chong
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Orbell HL, Cave NJ, Parry K, Griffin CE. An explorative study comparing skin surface lipids in the West Highland white terrier dog with and without atopic dermatitis. Vet Q 2022; 42:12-20. [PMID: 35019832 PMCID: PMC8786243 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2022.2028033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The skin barrier is important in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and stratum corneum lipids have a critical role. Skin surface lipids have been largely overlooked but also contribute to barrier function. An untargeted approach was used to compare the skin surface lipids from atopic and non-atopic West Highland White terrier dogs (WHWT). Objectives The primary hypothesis was that a difference in the lipidome would exist. The secondary hypothesis was that affected and unaffected skin lipids would differ. Animals and methods This prospective, cross-sectional, case-controlled study included thirty-nine privately owned WHWTs. Dogs were assigned to one of four disease status groups based on strict criteria. Samples for lipid analysis were collected from the skin surface of unaffected and affected sites. Lipid analysis was by untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and utilised lipid identification software packages. Principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) statistical methods analysed the association between the relative lipid abundance and disease status and affected and unaffected skin. Results Samples for lipid analysis found 421 lipid soluble features of which ten lipids were positively identified. Statistical analysis could not distinguish between non-atopic and atopic dogs but did reveal a statistically significant difference in the lipid profiles from affected and non-affected skin irrespective of disease status. Conclusions A large array of unidentified lipids from the skin surface were found with a difference between affected and unaffected skin unrelated to disease status. Investigation into the lipidome of the skin surface is an emerging area of research with clinical and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Orbell
- Animal Dermatology Clinic, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nick J Cave
- School of Veterinary Science, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Park JY, Kim SM, Kim JH. Efficacy of Phototherapy With 308-nm Excimer Light for Skin Microbiome Dysbiosis and Skin Barrier Dysfunction in Canine Atopic Dermatitis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:762961. [PMID: 34926639 PMCID: PMC8677939 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.762961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of canine atopic dermatitis, an allergic skin disorder, is challenging. To investigate the effect of phototherapy using a 308-nm excimer light as a topical treatment for canine atopic dermatitis, 10 dogs with canine atopic dermatitis and 10 with non-allergic skin were enrolled in this study. Phototherapy was applied every 7 days for a total of 2 months. The skin microbiome, skin barrier function, and clinical outcomes were evaluated after phototherapy. Phototherapy significantly changed the composition of the skin microbiome of dogs with atopic dermatitis and significantly increased the relative abundance of the phyla Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria. It significantly alleviated the clinical signs of canine atopic dermatitis without serious adverse effects. Transepidermal water loss, as a measure of skin barrier function, significantly decreased after phototherapy. In addition, phototherapy increased microbial diversity and decreased the relative abundance of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius associated with the severity of canine atopic dermatitis. These results suggest that the excimer light therapy is a suitable and safe therapeutic option for canine atopic dermatitis, which is also a spontaneous animal model of atopic dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yong Park
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Inai K, Kitagawa K, Murakami M, Iwasaki T. Lokivetmab improved pruritus in a dog with cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 84:36-39. [PMID: 34866072 PMCID: PMC8810324 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 13-year-old spayed female Cavalier King Charles Spaniel presented with chronic swelling and pruritus on the palmar aspect of the left forepaw and on the tail. Cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma (CEL) was diagnosed by histopathology and immunocytochemistry. Prednisolone was initially used alone as an alternative treatment for CEL. Despite long-term corticosteroid therapy, the patient’s physiological (pruritus) and dermatological signs (alopecia, erythema, erosion, and ulceration with crust) progressed and showed no evidence of improvement. To address the worsening condition of pruritus, lokivetmab was started in combination with prednisolone. Once on lokivetmab, the pruritus steadily improved and was effective in resolving and maintaining remission. Further investigation on the critical role of IL-31 in the pruritus pathway of dogs with CEL is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Keita Kitagawa
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Integrated Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University
| | - Mami Murakami
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Marsella R, Ahrens K, Wilkes R, Soeberdt M, Abels C. Topical κ-opioid receptor agonist asimadoline improves dermatitis in a canine model of atopic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:628-632. [PMID: 34839557 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This prospective, 4-week, placebo-controlled, cross-over study aimed to investigate the efficacy of 1% topical κ-opioid agonist, asimadoline, in a model of canine atopic dermatitis (AD). Fourteen beagles were challenged with house dust mites every 3-4 days for a total of 9 challenges. Severity of dermatitis was assessed, and pruritus was monitored using GoPro HERO cameras. Pruritus scoring was evaluated at 10 time periods; baseline, 4 h post allergen challenge and the last day of the study on Day 28. Scoring was done blindly by personnel using BORIS software. A global subjective score was also given using a visual analogue scale (VAS). A 4-week washout period occurred and dogs were crossed-over, the study was repeated, and the results were analysed using combined data. Gel was applied once daily on inguinal area (0.6 ml/dog). ANOVA showed significant effect of time (p < 0.0001) and group (p = 0.0001) on dermatitis scores. Overall, no statistically significant effect on pruritus was found due to a crossing of scores on Day 17. Overtime the placebo scores increased while the active ingredient showed decrease after first 3 weeks. It is concluded that this approach is promising in dogs with AD and longer studies with more frequent application may be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kim Ahrens
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rachel Wilkes
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Christoph Abels
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
The effect of atopic dermatitis on quality of life of affected dogs and their owners in Romania. J Vet Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
33
|
Watson A, Rostaher A, Fischer NM, Favrot C. A novel therapeutic diet can significantly reduce the medication score and pruritus of dogs with atopic dermatitis during a nine month controlled study. Vet Dermatol 2021; 33:55-e18. [PMID: 34545649 PMCID: PMC9292154 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common chronic relapsing pruritic skin disease for which management commonly relies on life‐long use of immunomodulatory drugs. A number of the medications used are associated with adverse effects and the potential for complications during long‐term use. Hypothesis The goal of the study was to determine if a complete and balanced diet formulated for therapeutic benefit could contribute towards management of cAD. We hypothesised that the diet would reduce pruritus while also reducing the requirement for medication during the study period. Animals, materials and methods Forty privately owned dogs, having undergone a comprehensive diagnosis for cAD, were randomly allocated to two groups, each group being fed one of two diets (test or control) for up to nine months. We assessed pruritus, Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index‐(4th iteration) and medication score, the latter reflecting the medication required to maintain a satisfactory quality of life for the animal. Results Both diets were well‐accepted and ‐tolerated. There was a significant improvement in the pruritus score after three months of feeding the therapeutic diet (P = 0.0001). No such improvement was observed at any time point in the group of dogs given the control diet. There was a reduced drug requirement for dogs receiving the therapeutic diet after three months (P = 0.058), and that decrease was significant at six months (P = 0.021) and nine months (P = 0.018). No improvement was seen at any time point in the control group. Conclusion The results suggest that a novel therapeutic diet can assist in the management of cAD by helping to control pruritus and reducing reliance on medication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Rostaher
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Nina M Fischer
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Claude Favrot
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Quilling LL, Lam ATH, Outerbridge CA, White SD. Treatment of crusted sarcoptic mange with fluralaner in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Quilling
- University of California William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital 1 Garrod Drive Davis CA 95616
| | - Andrea T. H. Lam
- University of California William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital 1 Garrod Drive Davis CA 95616
| | - Catherine A. Outerbridge
- University of California William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital 1 Garrod Drive Davis CA 95616
| | - Stephen D. White
- University of California William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital 1 Garrod Drive Davis CA 95616
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bensignor E, Videmont E. Weekly topical therapy based on plant extracts combined with lokivetmab in canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2021; 33:68-e22. [PMID: 34414621 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lokivetmab is an effective treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD) in dogs. The aim of this prospective study was to determine if topical products containing plant extracts could enhance the clinical efficacy of lokivetmab. ANIMALS Thirty atopic dogs were included. METHODS AND MATERIALS Dogs were allocated randomly to be treated either with a single injection of lokivetmab (mean dose 1.34 mg/kg; Group A) or to a single injection (mean dose 1.28 mg/kg) coupled with a weekly topical treatment using a shampoo and a spot-on specifically designed to improve skin barrier defect (Group B). Clinical parameters evaluated included pruritus (pruritus Visual Analog Scale) and skin lesions (Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Index, CADLI); cosmetic evaluation, and owner and investigator global assessment of efficacy (OGATE) also were carried out. Dogs were re-examined after 10, 17 and 31 days, and until a clinical relapse occurred. RESULTS An improvement was noted for all dogs, with scores being significantly better in dogs in Group B than in those in Group A; after 10 days for cosmetic evaluation, 17 days for pruritus (P = 0.039) and OGATE, and 31 days for CADLI (P = 0.043). A longer-lasting remission was noted in Group B compared to Group A; dogs receiving the combined treatment showed an extended time to flare compared to dogs treated with lokivetmab alone (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This study suggests that combining lokivetmab with topical therapies designed to repair the skin barrier potentially have value in the treatment of AD in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Bensignor
- Dermatology Service, Oniris, Nantes Veterinary School, Nantes, 44307, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pressanti C, Ravailhe E, Castellote-Brun J, Amalric N, Lecru LA, Kondratjeva J, Moog F, Combarros D, Douet JY, Cadiergues MC. Survey of cytokines on ocular surfaces of atopic dogs by multiplex analysis using two sampling methods - a pilot study. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:625-e167. [PMID: 34390059 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conjunctivitis in atopic dogs has already been described yet is rarely observed, and likely underdiagnosed in practice. OBJECTIVES To assay various cytokines in tears and conjunctivae from atopic and normal dogs, and to compare canine atopic dermatitis-associated conjunctivitis with controls. ANIMALS Ten atopic and ten normal client-owned dogs. METHODS AND MATERIALS Ocular surfaces were sampled bilaterally in a prospective study, using two different methods. Tear samples were obtained with a sterile swab previously moistened with saline solution (method A). Conjunctival impressions were obtained with a conjunctival impression device (method B). For each sample, the concentrations of a panel of 13 cytokines were measured by multiplex analyses. CADESI-4, pruritus (PS) and conjunctival (CS) scores were determined. RESULTS Among the measured cytokines, only granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC)-like and interleukin (IL)-8 were above the limit of quantification in most samples. Absolute amounts of each cytokine were always higher in samples obtained with method A than with method B. GM-CSF amounts were lower in atopic dogs (method A, P=0.02; method B, P=0.0005). KC levels were higher in atopic dogs, yet the differences were not significant. IL-8 amounts were higher in atopic dogs (method A, P=0.0003; method B, P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Regardless of the method, these preliminary results suggest an overexpression of IL-8 in conjunctivae and tears of atopic dogs despite subtle conjunctival symptoms. As IL-8 is commonly found in many inflammatory conditions, further studies are needed to determine its specificity in atopic conjunctivitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charline Pressanti
- Small Animal Clinic, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 23, chemin des Capelles, Toulouse, 31076, France.,UDEAR (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, CHU Purpan - BP 3028, Toulouse, 31024, France
| | - Elodie Ravailhe
- Small Animal Clinic, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 23, chemin des Capelles, Toulouse, 31076, France
| | - Jessie Castellote-Brun
- Small Animal Clinic, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 23, chemin des Capelles, Toulouse, 31076, France
| | - Nicolas Amalric
- Synelvia, 516 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Labège, 31670, France
| | - Line-Alice Lecru
- Small Animal Clinic, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 23, chemin des Capelles, Toulouse, 31076, France
| | - Jevgenija Kondratjeva
- Small Animal Clinic, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 23, chemin des Capelles, Toulouse, 31076, France
| | - Fabien Moog
- Small Animal Clinic, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 23, chemin des Capelles, Toulouse, 31076, France
| | - Daniel Combarros
- Small Animal Clinic, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 23, chemin des Capelles, Toulouse, 31076, France.,UDEAR (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, CHU Purpan - BP 3028, Toulouse, 31024, France
| | - Jean-Yves Douet
- Small Animal Clinic, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 23, chemin des Capelles, Toulouse, 31076, France.,IHAP (INRAE), Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 23, chemin des Capelles, Toulouse, 31076, France
| | - Marie Christine Cadiergues
- Small Animal Clinic, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 23, chemin des Capelles, Toulouse, 31076, France.,UDEAR (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, CHU Purpan - BP 3028, Toulouse, 31024, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
McClintock D, Austel M, Gogal RM, Banovic F. Oral dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution significantly reduces pruritus and clinical lesions in feline hypersensitivity dermatitis: an open-label study. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:497-e137. [PMID: 34351657 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no liquid oral glucocorticoids labelled for management of pruritus and clinical lesions of feline hypersensitivity dermatitis (feline HD). HYPOTHESIS First, to demonstrate that dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DexSP, DexajectSP, Henry Schein; Dublin, OH, USA; 4 mg/mL), an intravenous glucocorticoid, can be absorbed by healthy cats when administered orally. Second, to demonstrate the efficacy of orally administered DexSP for reducing pruritus and clinical lesions in patients with feline HD. ANIMALS Seven healthy and 12 client-owned cats with HD. METHODS AND MATERIALS Healthy cats were administered a single dose of 0.2 mg/kg DexSP p.o. and serum concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Feline HD patients were assessed with SCORing Feline Allergic Dermatitis (SCORFAD) and pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) at Visit 1 (V1) and after 20-31 days of receiving 0.2 mg/kg/day DexSP p.o. (V2). Complete blood cell counts, serum chemistry profile, and urinalysis were performed in 50% of feline HD patients at both visits. RESULTS Healthy cats had detectable serum concentrations of DexSP following oral administration; concentrations ranged from 0.7 to 92.3 ng/mL. Feline HD patients showed significant decreases in SCORFAD and pVAS scores from V1 to V2. CONCLUSIONS DexSP was absorbed when administered orally to healthy cats and 0.2 mg/kg/day DexSP is an efficacious dose to rapidly improve the pruritus and clinical lesions associated with feline HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayle McClintock
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Michaela Austel
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Robert M Gogal
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Frane Banovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Van Brussel L, Moyaert H, Escalada M, Mahabir SP, Stegemann MR. A masked, randomised clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of lokivetmab compared to saline control in client-owned dogs with allergic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:477-e131. [PMID: 34180084 PMCID: PMC8519066 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Interleukin (IL)‐31 is an important mediator in canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) and also may be dysregulated in other allergic diseases. Hypothesis/Objectives To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of lokivetmab (canine anti‐IL‐31 monoclonal antibody) for treatment of pruritus associated with allergic dermatitis in dogs. Animals Dogs that were at least moderately pruritic with a presumptive diagnosis of allergic dermatitis were enrolled in Portugal, Hungary, France and Germany by 12 primary care practitioners and two veterinary dermatology referral specialists. Methods and materials Dogs were randomised to receive either placebo (saline) or lokivetmab (1.0–3.3 mg/kg) by subcutaneous injection on Day (D)0. Owners evaluated pruritus using a validated Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) daily until D7 and then weekly until D28. The severity of dermatitis was assessed by the investigators using a modified VAS on D0, D7, D14 and D28. Results Beginning at D1, owner‐assessed pVAS least square means were significantly reduced in the treatment group versus the placebo group (57.7% versus 21.8% reduction on D28). For all time points, investigator‐assessed VAS means were significantly reduced in the lokivetmab group versus the placebo group (57.1% versus 20.5% reduction on D28). Overall, the occurrence of adverse health events during the evaluation period was comparable between the two groups. Conclusions and clinical importance Lokivetmab is a safe and efficacious treatment for dogs with allergic dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leen Van Brussel
- Zoetis Belgium SA, VMRD, Mercuriusstraat 20, Zaventem, 1930, Belgium
| | - Hilde Moyaert
- Zoetis Belgium SA, VMRD, Mercuriusstraat 20, Zaventem, 1930, Belgium
| | - Monica Escalada
- Zoetis Belgium SA, VMRD, Mercuriusstraat 20, Zaventem, 1930, Belgium
| | - Sean P Mahabir
- Zoetis Inc, VMRD, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jones S, Bloom P. Rush immunotherapy in two cats with atopic skin syndrome. JFMS Open Rep 2021; 7:20551169211023327. [PMID: 34221441 PMCID: PMC8221683 DOI: 10.1177/20551169211023327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Case series summary Two cats with feline atopic skin syndrome (FASS) were included in this case series. They were diagnosed with FASS by a combination of history, physical examination and exclusion of other pruritic diseases. They underwent rush immunotherapy (RIT) after determination of offending environmental allergens by either serum IgE or intradermal testing. Cats were premedicated with an antihistamine and hospitalized for the day to undergo the procedure and to ensure adequate observation. Allergen extracts were administered subcutaneously at increasing concentrations every 30 mins until the maintenance dose of 20,000 protein nitrogen units/ml was reached. Both cats successfully completed RIT without any adverse reactions and their clinical signs improved afterwards. RIT appears to be an alternative treatment option for cats with FASS. Larger studies are needed to more accurately assess the safety and long-term efficacy of RIT in the feline patient, as well as the incidence of adverse reactions and optimal premedication protocol. Further evaluation of the route of injections for RIT is also warranted. Relevance and novel information RIT has been reported to be a safe treatment option in canine atopic dermatitis. Its use in FASS is limited to a pilot study of four cats. The purpose of this series was to describe two additional cats that underwent RIT using a different premedication protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selene Jones
- Allergy, Skin and Ear Clinic for Pets, Livonia, MI, USA
| | - Paul Bloom
- Allergy, Skin and Ear Clinic for Pets, Livonia, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Weemhoff JL, MacLeay JM, Brejda J, Schiefelbein H, Wernimont SM, Gross KL. Successful nutritional control of scratching and clinical signs associated with adverse food reaction: A randomized controlled COSCAD'18 adherent clinical trial in dogs in the United States. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1884-1892. [PMID: 34114677 PMCID: PMC8295670 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse reactions to food are a common dermatological condition in dogs, requiring nutritional intervention using a novel or hydrolysate protein‐based food. Objective To evaluate a therapeutic food containing egg and phytonutrients in dogs with food allergies using an activity monitor and core outcome set for canine atopic dermatitis (COSCAD'18) guidelines and in a controlled double‐masked, multicenter, prospective clinical trial. Animals Adult dogs with a history of adverse food reaction as diagnosed by a food elimination trial were recruited from general practices. Methods After a 21‐day baseline period, dogs were randomized to test or positive control (hydrolyzed protein) food for 21 days. Owner (pruritus visual analog score [PVAS], coat quality, food acceptance, and satisfaction) and veterinarian (canine atopic dermatitis lesion index [CADLI], physical examination) assessments were completed on days 0, 21, and 42. Dogs wore a collar‐mounted activity monitor to record scratching and shaking behavior throughout the study. Statistical analysis included within‐group comparison to baseline and between‐group comparison at study end using a significance threshold of alpha = 0.05. Results At the end of the treatment period, all results were similar between groups for CADLI, PVAS, owner satisfaction, activity, and questionnaire data. Scores for hair dullness, brittleness, amount of dandruff, feces quality, and food acceptance were positive and not statistically different between groups. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The therapeutic test food was well‐accepted and efficacious in managing signs of adverse reactions to food compared to baseline as well as compared to the positive control food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James L Weemhoff
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc, Topeka, Kansas 66616, USA
| | - Jennifer M MacLeay
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc, Topeka, Kansas 66616, USA
| | | | - Heidi Schiefelbein
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc, Topeka, Kansas 66616, USA
| | - Susan M Wernimont
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc, Topeka, Kansas 66616, USA
| | - Kathy L Gross
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc, Topeka, Kansas 66616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Weemhoff JL, MacLeay JM, Brejda J, Schiefelbein H, Wernimont SM, Gross KL. Successful nutritional control of scratching and clinical signs associated with adverse food reaction: A randomized controlled COSCAD'18 adherent clinical trial in dogs in the United Kingdom. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1893-1901. [PMID: 34114684 PMCID: PMC8295676 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse reactions to food are a common dermatological condition in dogs, requiring nutritional intervention using novel or hydrolysate protein‐based foods. Objective To evaluate a therapeutic food containing egg and phytonutrients in dogs with food allergies using an activity monitor and core outcome set for canine atopic dermatitis (COSCAD'18) in a controlled double‐masked, multicenter, prospective clinical trial. Animals Adult dogs with a history of adverse food reaction as diagnosed by a food elimination trial were recruited from general practices. Methods After a 21‐day baseline period, dogs were randomized to test or positive control (hydrolyzed protein) food for 21 days. Owner (pruritus visual analog score [PVAS], coat quality, food acceptance, and satisfaction) and veterinarian (canine atopic dermatitis lesion index [CADLI], physical examination) assessments were completed on days 0, 21, and 42. Dogs wore a collar‐mounted activity monitor to record sleep, scratching, and shaking behavior throughout the study. Statistical analysis included within‐group comparison to baseline and between‐group comparison at study end using a significance threshold of alpha = 0.05. Results At the end of the treatment period, all results were similar between groups for CADLI, PVAS, owner satisfaction, activity, and questionnaire data. Scores for hair dullness, brittleness, amount of dandruff, feces quality, and food acceptance were positive and were not statistically different between groups. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The therapeutic test food was well‐accepted and efficacious in managing signs of adverse reactions to food compared to baseline as well as compared to the positive control food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kathy L Gross
- Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc, Topeka, Kansas 66616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Apostolopoulos N, Glaeser SP, Bagwe R, Janssen S, Mayer U, Ewers C, Kämpfer P, Neiger R, Thom N. Description and comparison of the skin and ear canal microbiota of non-allergic and allergic German shepherd dogs using next generation sequencing. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250695. [PMID: 33939741 PMCID: PMC8092680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common skin diseases in dogs. Pathogenesis is complex and incompletely understood. Skin colonizing bacteria likely play an important role in the severity of this disease. Studying the canine skin microbiota using traditional microbiological methods has many limitations which can be overcome by molecular procedures. The aim of this study was to describe the bacterial microbiota of the skin and ear canals of healthy non-allergic and allergic German shepherd dogs (GSDs) without acute flare or concurrent skin infection and to compare both. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence data revealed no differences of bacterial community patterns between the different body sites (axilla, front dorsal interdigital skin, groin, and ear canals) in non-allergic dogs. The microbiota at the different body sites of non-allergic GSDs showed no significant differences. Only for the samples obtained from the axilla the bacterial microbiota of allergic dogs was characterized by a lower species richness compared to that of non-allergic dogs and the bacterial community composition of the skin and ear canals of allergic dogs showed body site specific differences compared to non-allergic dogs. Actinobacteria was the most abundant phylum identified from the non-allergic dogs and Proteobacteria from allergic dogs. Macrococcus spp. were more abundant on non-allergic skin while Sphingomonas spp. were more abundant on the allergic skin. Forward step redundancy analysis of metadata indicated that the household the dogs came from had the strongest impact on the composition of the skin microbiome followed by sex, host health status and body site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neoklis Apostolopoulos
- Department of Dermatology, Small Animal Clinic—Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie P. Glaeser
- Institute for Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ruchi Bagwe
- Institute for Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Janssen
- Algorithmic Bioinformatics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ursula Mayer
- Department of Dermatology, Small Animal Clinic AniCura Kleintierspezialisten Augsburg GmbH, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christa Ewers
- Institute for Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Kämpfer
- Institute for Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Nina Thom
- Department of Dermatology, Small Animal Clinic—Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Esumi M, Kanda S, Shimoura H, Hsiao YH, Iyori K. Preliminary evaluation of two bathing methods for the management of Malassezia overgrowth in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:228-e59. [PMID: 33844368 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antifungal shampoos are widely used for canine Malassezia dermatitis. Few studies have evaluated effective bathing methods for atopic dogs with Malassezia overgrowth. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of an emollient bathing product (AFLOAT VET) and 2% miconazole/2% chlorhexidine shampoo (2% MIC/CHX) in atopic dogs, and to evaluate the influence on skin barrier function of both products in healthy dogs. ANIMALS Sixteen atopic dogs with secondary Malassezia overgrowth and 11 healthy dogs. METHODS AND MATERIALS This study was a randomized, single-blinded trial. The dogs were randomly treated with either emollient bathing or 2% MIC/CHX, twice weekly for four weeks. Clinical assessment used the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI-04), pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS), and cytological evaluation of yeast numbers at Day (D)0, D14 and D28. Skin barrier function was determined by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL) after a single bathing procedure with each product in the healthy dogs. RESULTS The pVAS scores and yeast counts were significantly reduced on D28 compared with D0 in both groups (P < 0.05). CADESI-04 was significantly decreased on D28 in the emollient bathing group (P = 0.003). There were no significant differences in each endpoint score between the groups. In healthy dogs, TEWL was significantly increased after bathing in both groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION An emollient bathing product can be effective for Malassezia overgrowth in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Bathing with shampoo products might affect skin barrier function even when using an emollient product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Esumi
- Vet Derm Tokyo, Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, 910 Shoubusawa, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0823, Japan
| | - Satoko Kanda
- Vet Derm Tokyo, Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, 910 Shoubusawa, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0823, Japan
| | - Hiromi Shimoura
- Vet Derm Tokyo, Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, 910 Shoubusawa, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0823, Japan
| | - Yun-Hsiao Hsiao
- Vet Derm Tokyo, Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, 910 Shoubusawa, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0823, Japan
| | - Keita Iyori
- Vet Derm Tokyo, Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, 910 Shoubusawa, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0823, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ramilo DW, Costa P, Stekolnikov AA, Cláudio JM, Lourenço AM, Pereira da Fonseca I, Cardoso L. First report of Ericotrombidium ibericense in domestic dogs. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:253-258. [PMID: 32671730 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00247-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Larval stages of trombiculid mites infest a wide variety of wild and domestic animals. The most common clinical signs related with the presence of these parasites are alopecia, crusts, erythema, excoriation, erosion, papules, pustules and vesicles. Most of trombiculid infestations may not be perceived by the clinician due to their small size. Although Ericotrombidium ibericense has been recorded on cats, it has not been found on dogs. METHODS In August 2019, three domestic dogs presenting pruritic dermatological lesions in the ventral area of the body and interdigital spaces were presented at a veterinary clinic in Santarém, central Portugal. Trombiculid mites were extracted from the skin and preserved in 70% ethanol. Specimens were prepared in slides with Hoyer's medium and observed with optical microscopy. RESULTS After morphological examination of the specimens, mites were identified as E. ibericense (Acariformes: Trombiculidae). CONCLUSIONS Most of the trombiculids recorded in European clinical practice are generally identified as Neotrombicula autumnalis by default, since, in most cases, mites are not examined morphologically. This is the first record of E. ibericense in domestic dogs. More studies are needed to evaluate the distribution of these mites in Portugal. Veterinary clinicians must be aware of this parasitosis, as trombiculids can cause exuberant clinical signs, but are often misdiagnosed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W Ramilo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Costa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandr A Stekolnikov
- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Embankment, 1, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - João Martinho Cláudio
- São Francisco de Assis Veterinary Clinic, Praceta Capitão Varela Santos 14, 2000-016, Santarém, Portugal
| | - Ana Mafalda Lourenço
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pereira da Fonseca
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Luis Cardoso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, and Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Moog F, Brun J, Bourdeau P, Cadiergues MC. Clinical, Parasitological, and Serological Follow-Up of Dogs with Sarcoptic Mange Treated Orally with Lotilaner. Case Rep Vet Med 2021; 2021:6639017. [PMID: 33575060 PMCID: PMC7857930 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6639017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine sarcoptic mange is a highly pruritic and contagious skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis. This case series describes the clinical, parasitological, and serological follow-up of a cohort of eight adult Saint Bernard dogs with confirmed sarcoptic mange, treated orally with lotilaner. Dogs were evaluated initially and after 14 days and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12 months for skin lesions, pruritus severity, presence of parasites, and Sarcoptes-IgG levels. A serological indoor allergy panel (IgE) was obtained for seven dogs at day 0 and repeated 12 months later in five dogs to assess potential cross-reactivity between S. scabiei and environmental allergens. Lotilaner was administered to each dog according to the manufacturer's instructions and was repeated after one and two months without any concurrent therapeutic measure or modification of the husbandry conditions. Pruritus ceased after two weeks. The cutaneous score was reduced by 47%, and skin scrapings were negative for all but three animals. All skin scrapings were negative after one month. Lesions were absent after two months. Serological levels decreased gradually, but more slowly than the skin lesions, and two dogs out of six remained positive in the absence of skin lesions or symptoms. All dogs initially tested positive for dust mites and/or storage mites. The IgE titres remained unchanged 12 months later in the five tested dogs. This case report demonstrates the efficacy of lotilaner on scabies in a cohort of infested dogs under natural conditions and the potential antigenic cross-reaction of S. scabiei with house dust and storage mites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Moog
- Small Animal Clinic, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - J. Brun
- Small Animal Clinic, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - P. Bourdeau
- LUNAM, University-ONIRIS-DPMA Unit/NP3 Unit, Nantes, France
| | - M. C. Cadiergues
- Small Animal Clinic, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France
- INFINITY, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Saridomichelakis MN, Favrot C, Jackson HA, Bensignor E, Prost C, Mueller RS. A proposed medication score for long-term trials of treatment of canine atopic dermatitis sensu lato. Vet Rec 2021; 188:e19. [PMID: 33666961 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of concurrent medications is necessary in trials of treatment of canine atopic dermatitis. Our aim was to use the best available evidence to construct and then to validate a medication score (MS) formula that will estimate the impact of concurrent medications on trial outcomes. METHODS Trials of 15 interventions were scrutinized to find those that were consistent in terms of specific medication, administration route and dosage regimen. A MS was constructed in five steps, starting from assigning a score of 1 for each day on oral prednisone, prednisolone or methylprednisolone at 0.5-1.0 mg/kg. The MS score was validated using the clinical records of 35 dogs with atopic dermatitis that had been treated for a period of 12 ± 2 weeks with six of these medications and compared with a previously published non-validated MS. RESULTS A MS could be assigned to eight treatments, six of which had been administered to the 35 dogs. A positive correlation was seen with the previously published MS and a negative correlation with changes in lesional and pruritus scores. CONCLUSION This MS may be a useful tool in new studies evaluating the efficacy of treatments in canine atopic dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manolis N Saridomichelakis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.,'Attiko' Animal Hospital, Paiania, Attiki, Greece
| | - Claude Favrot
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Dermatology Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Emmanuel Bensignor
- Dermatology Referral Service, Clinique Vétérinaire, Rennes-Cesson, France
| | | | - Ralf S Mueller
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schnedeker AH, Cole LK, Diaz SF, Lorch G, Rajala-Shultz PJ, Jennings RN, Hostnik ET, Daniels JB. Is low-level laser therapy useful as an adjunctive treatment for canine acral lick dermatitis? A randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled study. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:148-e35. [PMID: 33471429 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional therapy for canine acral lick dermatitis (ALD) consists of systemic antibiotics and anti-anxiety medications. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a noninvasive therapy used to treat inflammatory and painful conditions. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to determine whether LLLT with conventional therapy would be beneficial as an adjunct treatment for ALD. We hypothesized that LLLT and conventional therapy combined would result in a greater reduction in licking Visual Analog Score (LVAS) compared to conventional therapy alone. Secondary objectives were to assess change in lesion/ulcer size, thickness and hair growth. ANIMALS Thirteen dogs with a skin lesion consistent with ALD. METHODS AND MATERIALS Dogs were randomly assigned to two groups. All dogs received systemic antibiotics and trazodone. The treatment group (TG) received LLLT by laser (130 mW, 2 min) with blue and red light-emitting diodes (LEDs), while the control group (CG) had sham therapy (laser/LEDs off). Treatments were administered three times weekly for two weeks, then twice weekly for two weeks for a total of 10 visits. Descriptive statistics were performed (mean, median); primary and secondary objectives were assessed with nonparametric ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis test), with significance set at P < 0.05. RESULTS Thirteen dogs (six CG, seven TG) were enrolled. There were no significant differences in median LVAS, lesion/ulcer size or thickness of the ALD lesion between TG and CG. There was a significantly greater increase (24%) in hair growth in TG (P = 0.0081) compared to CG. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Treatment of ALD requires multimodal therapy. Although combining LLLT with conventional therapy did not result in a significantly greater reduction in LVAS, there was a significant increase in hair growth compared to conventional therapy alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy H Schnedeker
- VCA SouthPaws Veterinary Specialists & Emergency, 8500 Arlington Blvd, Fairfax, VA, 22031, USA
| | - Lynette K Cole
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L. Tharp St., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sandra F Diaz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L. Tharp St., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Gwendolen Lorch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L. Tharp St., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Päivi J Rajala-Shultz
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Paroninkuja 20, Saarentaus, 04920, Finland
| | - Ryan N Jennings
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Eric T Hostnik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L. Tharp St., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Joshua B Daniels
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake, Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mueller RS, Nuttall T, Prost C, Schulz B, Bizikova P. Treatment of the feline atopic syndrome - a systematic review. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:43-e8. [PMID: 33470011 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline allergic skin disease and asthma occur regularly in small animal practice. OBJECTIVES To provide evidence-based recommendations for small animal practitioners on the treatment of feline atopic syndrome (FAS). METHODS AND MATERIALS The authors reviewed the literature available before February 2020, prepared a detailed evidence-based literature review and made recommendations based on the evaluated evidence. RESULTS Sixty-six papers and abstracts were identified describing treatment interventions for FAS and evaluated to establish treatment recommendations. For many treatment options, the papers were retrospective, open studies or case reports. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this review, there was good evidence for the efficacy of systemic glucocorticoids and ciclosporin, and limited evidence for the efficacy of topical glucocorticoids, oclacitinib and allergen-specific immunotherapy in feline atopic skin syndrome. Evidence pointed to low-to-moderate efficacy for antihistamines, fatty acids and palmitoyl ethanolamide. In feline asthma, there was good evidence for the efficacy of oral and inhaled glucocorticoids, and limited evidence of moderate efficacy for allergen-specific immunotherapy. Evidence supported low-to-moderate efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells, inhaled lidocaine and oclacitinib as treatments for feline asthma. For almost all therapeutic options (with the exception of glucocorticoids and ciclosporin), more randomised controlled trials are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf S Mueller
- Small Animal Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Nuttall
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | | | - Bianka Schulz
- Small Animal Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Bizikova
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Santoro D, Fagman L, Zhang Y, Fahong Y. Clinical efficacy of spray-based heat-treated lactobacilli in canine atopic dermatitis: a preliminary, open-label, uncontrolled study. Vet Dermatol 2020; 32:114-e23. [PMID: 33245188 PMCID: PMC8048791 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common inflammatory and pruritic skin disease, with various treatment options. The use of topical products containing natural ingredients has proven increasingly popular. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a spray solution containing heat-killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. reuteri, on the clinical signs and cutaneous microbiota of atopic dogs. ANIMALS Ten privately owned, mildly affected, nonseasonally atopic dogs. METHODS AND MATERIALS The spray was applied to the ventrum every 24 h for 28 days. Clinical scores, skin barrier function and owner assessment were evaluated on day (D)0, D14, D28 and D42. The cutaneous microbiota was analysed on D0 and D28. RESULTS A reduction in the total clinical score was seen at each time point (D14, P = 0.03; D28, P = 0.04; D42, P = 0.001). A reduction in the regional clinical scores was seen after D28 (P = 0.01) and D42 (P = 0.003). A significant reduction in the pruritus score was seen on D42 (P = 0.01). A lower hydration value was seen on D28 (P = 0.02) and D42 (P = 0.02) on the pinnae. A good-to-excellent response and an easy-to-use administration was reported by owners. There were no significant changes in the cutaneous microbiota after 28 days. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE There was a significant and rapid decrease in the clinical signs associated with cAD after use of the spray. Future larger, randomized, controlled studies are needed to confirm these results and to assess the effects on the cutaneous immunity and microflora of atopic dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Lana Fagman
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Yu Fahong
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, FL, 32610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Takahashi J, Kanda S, Imanishi I, Hisano T, Fukamachi T, Taguchi N, Momiyama S, Nishiyama S, Motegi T, Iyori K. Efficacy and safety of 0.0584% hydrocortisone aceponate topical spray and systemic oclacitinib combination therapy in dogs with atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Vet Dermatol 2020; 32:119-e25. [PMID: 33185330 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oclacitinib is an effective systemic therapy for dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). Few studies have evaluated concurrent topical treatment with oclacitinib in dogs. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy of oclacitinib and 0.0584% hydrocortisone aceponate (HCA) spray in dogs with AD. ANIMALS Eighteen dogs with AD. METHODS AND MATERIALS This study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. All dogs were treated with oclacitinib (0.4-0.6 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days, then once daily for 14 days) and randomized to receive either HCA spray or placebo spray, applied once daily for seven days then every other day through to Day (D)28. Clinical assessments included the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI-4) and the pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) every seven days, and blood and urine tests every 14 days. RESULTS The mean CADESI-4 and PVAS scores were significantly reduced on D7 and D14 compared to D0 in both groups (P < 0.05). From D14 to D21, CADESI-4 and PVAS scores were significantly increased in the placebo group (P < 0.005), and not in the HCA-treated group. The mean reduction from baseline of the HCA-treated group was significantly higher than that of the placebo group for the PVAS and CADESI-4 on D21 (59.9% versus 27.6%, P = 0.0216) and D28 (56.0% versus 30.5%, P = 0.0109), respectively. One dog in the HCA-treated group was withdrawn as a consequence of developing diarrhoea. CONCLUSION Topical application of 0.0584% HCA spray may be useful for preventing exacerbation of pruritus and clinical lesions when tapering oclacitinib therapy in dogs with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Takahashi
- Noah Animal Hospital, 3-4-15 Joto, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-0861, Japan
| | - Satoko Kanda
- Vet Derm Tokyo, Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, 910 Shoubusawa, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0823, Japan
| | - Ichiro Imanishi
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hisano
- Smile Animal Hospital, 3-22-21 Maebaranishi, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-0825, Japan
| | - Teruyasu Fukamachi
- Smile Animal Hospital, 3-22-21 Maebaranishi, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-0825, Japan
| | - Norihito Taguchi
- Mori Animal Hospital, 7-5-34 Gokou, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2213, Japan
| | - Shoko Momiyama
- Nunokawa Animal Hospital, 273 Shimokurata-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0815, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nishiyama
- Nishiyama Animal Hospital, 1-10-1 Miyazono, Nagareyama, Chiba, 270-0155, Japan
| | - Tomoki Motegi
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keita Iyori
- Vet Derm Tokyo, Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, 910 Shoubusawa, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0823, Japan
| |
Collapse
|