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Cerejeira A, Amoedo P, Gomes N, Azevedo F, Mota A. Not always vitiligo or pigmentary mosaicism. Int J Dermatol 2021; 60:e194-e195. [PMID: 33559187 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Cerejeira
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, EPE Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Amoedo
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, EPE Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Gomes
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, EPE Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filomena Azevedo
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, EPE Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Mota
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, EPE Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Medicine, Service of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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2
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Methion S, Díaz López B. First record of atypical pigmentation pattern in fin whale Balaenoptera physalus in the Atlantic Ocean. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 135:121-125. [PMID: 31392964 DOI: 10.3354/dao03385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atypical pigmentation, which is rarely observed in the wild, may influence social interactions between animals and can be detrimental for survival. Hypopigmentation, which is the lack of pigment in a part or on the entire body, is a type of atypical pigmentation pattern that can be either acquired (e.g. vitiligo) or congenital resulting from the inheritance of mutations in pigment-related genes (e.g. albinism, leucism and piebaldism). This study documents atypical pigmentation in a fin whale Balaenoptera physalus off the northwestern coast of the Iberian Peninsula (Atlantic Ocean). Photographic and video data collected between 2016 and 2017 on 30 individual fin whales were examined. One fully-grown fin whale exhibited hypopigmentation. Several white patches of different shapes and sizes were present across the body of the fin whale including on the head, body, dorsal fin, flippers, and flukes. The position, shape, and lack of inflammation of the white patches on the whale observed, along with its body length and condition, might indicate that the depigmentation pattern is due to vitiligo. To our knowledge, this is the first case of atypical pigmentation pattern in fin whales described with photographs and video records. As these observations are rare, especially in highly migratory, long-lived, marine mammal species, this study provides valuable information to better understand the occurrence of this phenomenon. Further studies are needed to determine the ecological and physiological implications of atypical colourations, which might have a significant influence on the animal's survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Methion
- Bottlenose Dolphin Research Institute (BDRI), 36980 O Grove, Pontevedra, Spain
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3
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El Kouarty H, Dakhama BSB. [Piebaldism: a pigmentary anomaly to recognize: about a case and review of the literature]. Pan Afr Med J 2016; 25:155. [PMID: 28292117 PMCID: PMC5326035 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.25.155.10499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Piebaldism is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by an abnormal congenital skin pigmentation causing hypopigmented areas. It is due to an abnormal melanocytes development. It usually affects only the skin, but it may be associated with other anomalies or confused with other differential diagnoses. We report the case of a 5-year old boy with piebaldism having a family history of dermatologic phenotype without other alterations. We here highlight the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis as well as the management techniques and new therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar El Kouarty
- Service des Urgences Médicales Pédiatriques, Hôpital d'Enfants Rabat, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Badr Sououd Benjelloun Dakhama
- Service des Urgences Médicales Pédiatriques, Hôpital d'Enfants Rabat, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bassi
- Department of Internal Paediatric Medicine, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - S Berti
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - M Galeone
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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5
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Proshutinskaya DV, Tekucheva LV. Nevoid hypopigmentation as a manifestation of skin mosaicism. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2015. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2015-91-5-86-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A case report of rare genetically specified dyschromia - nevoid hypopimentation - was described. This disease is considered as a manifestation of skin mosaicism with characteristics of clinical presentation. Literature data is given, differential diagnostics issues of this pathology are discussed.
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6
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Kerkeni E, Boubaker S, Sfar S, Bizid M, Besbes H, Bouaziz S, Ghedira N, Amara A, Manoubi W, Gribaa M, Monastiri K. Molecular characterization of piebaldism in a Tunisian family. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 63:113-6. [PMID: 25910686 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study is aimed at performing the molecular characterization of a Tunisian family with piebaldism. METHODS As the proband and her mother showed a severe phenotype, we first chose to screen exons 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17 and 18 of the KIT proto-oncogene by direct sequencing. RESULTS Direct sequencing analysis showed a C to T substitution at 1939 in exon 13 (c.1939C>T) in heterozygous state in the patient and her mother. The mutation was not found in their unaffected family members or normal controls. CONCLUSION Our results provide additional support that mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the KIT gene are responsible for the severe form of piebaldism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kerkeni
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - S Boubaker
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - S Sfar
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - M Bizid
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia; Department of Intensive care and Neonatal Medicine, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - H Besbes
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia; Department of Intensive care and Neonatal Medicine, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - S Bouaziz
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - N Ghedira
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - A Amara
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - W Manoubi
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - M Gribaa
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - K Monastiri
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia; Department of Intensive care and Neonatal Medicine, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
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7
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Mendoza-Urbano DM, Ramírez-Cheyne J, Saldarriaga-Gil W. Piebaldismo-Moebius y exposición prenatal a misoprostol: reporte de un caso. IATREIA 2015. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.iatreia.v29n1a08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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8
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Charalambous A, Koyioni M, Antoniades I, Pegeioti D, Eleftheriou I, Michaelidou SS, Amelichev SA, Konstantinova LS, Rakitin OA, Koutentis PA, Skourides PA. 1,2,3-Dithiazoles – new reversible melanin synthesis inhibitors: a chemical genomics study. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
1,2,3-Dithiazolimines show potent and reversible inhibition of melanin synthesis in Xenopus laevis embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Koyioni
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cyprus
- 1678 Nicosia
- Cyprus
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Oleg A. Rakitin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- RAS
- Moscow 119991
- Russia
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9
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The spectrum of oculocutaneous disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 70:795.e1-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Park SY, Kim HJ, Ahn SK. Piebaldism with neurofibromatosis type I: a familial case. Ann Dermatol 2014; 26:264-6. [PMID: 24882989 PMCID: PMC4037687 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2014.26.2.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yeon Park
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Atopy and Asthma Center, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Ku Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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11
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Sleiman R, Kurban M, Succaria F, Abbas O. Poliosis circumscripta: Overview and underlying causes. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69:625-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Lee BW, Schwartz RA, Hercogová J, Valle Y, Lotti TM. Vitiligo road map. Dermatol Ther 2013; 25 Suppl 1:S44-56. [PMID: 23237038 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a depigmenting disorder stemming from melanocyte loss or dysfunction. It has a complex, multifaceted etiology. We constructed a "vitiligo road map," consisting of basic science, clinical, and treatment components, in order to better portray our current understanding of vitiligo pathogenesis and reflect upon novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for future research. The melanocyte map elaborates on the molecular processes and intracellular signaling pathways initiated by various external autocrine/paracrine factors in representing normal melanocyte homeostatic functions modulating its viability, proliferation, differentiation, dendricity, migration, and melanogenic processes. This vitiligo map identifies known inducers/triggers of vitiligo onset and progression that cultivate a microenvironment for melanocyte disappearance, real or functional. This map describes the molecular mechanisms of currently utilized clinical and experimental treatments of vitiligo that facilitate repigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Lee
- Dermatology and Pathology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103-2714, USA
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13
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Takabayashi S, Nishikawa T, Katoh H. A novel Kit gene mutation in CF1 mice involved in the extracellular domain of the KIT protein. Exp Anim 2012; 61:435-44. [PMID: 22850643 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.61.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We screened for natural mutations in Crl:CF1 closed colony mice using an ordinary backcrossing system. Five of 30 CF1 males carried novel genes that caused white spots on colored coats. Their backcross progenies showed a white spot phenotype. The white spot gene was mapped to approximately 39 cM on chromosome 5, where the Kit gene is known to reside. Allelism testing between this spot gene and the Kit gene was performed using two already known Kit alleles, Kit(W), and Kit(W-v). We demonstrated that the spot mutation was semidominant and a novel allele of the Kit gene, which was tentatively named Kit(W-Ham). No infertility or anemia was observed in Kit(W-Ham) homozygotes. However, a reduced number of germ cells and mast cells was observed in Kit(W-Ham)/Kit(W) and Kit(W-Ham)/Kit(W-v) transheterozygotes. Sequencing of the 21 exons of the Kit gene in the Kit(W-Ham) mutants revealed that a unique guanine-to-adenine (G-A) transition at nucleotide position 545 (c.545G>A) of exon 3 changes arginine (R) to glutamine (Q) at position 182 in the extracellular domain of the KIT protein (p.R182Q). This extracellular KIT domain is a binding site for stem cell factors (SCF). It was concluded that the Kit(W-Ham) mutant may serve as a new model of human piebaldism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Takabayashi
- Institute for Experimental Animals, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1–20–1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
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14
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Abu-Abed S, Pennell N, Petrella T, Wright F, Seth A, Hanna W. KIT gene mutations and patterns of protein expression in mucosal and acral melanoma. J Cutan Med Surg 2012; 16:135-42. [PMID: 22513068 DOI: 10.2310/7750.2011.11064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently characterized KIT (CD117) gene mutations have revealed new pathways involved in melanoma pathogenesis. In particular, certain subtypes harbor mutations similar to those observed in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, which are sensitive to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to characterize KIT gene mutations and patterns of protein expression in mucosal and acral melanoma. METHODS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were retrieved from our archives. Histologic assessment included routine hematoxylin-eosin stains and immunohistochemical staining for KIT. Genomic DNA was used for polymerase chain reaction-based amplification of exons 11 and 13. RESULTS We identified 59 acral and mucosal melanoma cases, of which 78% showed variable levels of KIT expression. Sequencing of exons 11 and 13 was completed on all cases, and 4 (6.8%) mutant cases were isolated. CONCLUSION We successfully optimized conditions for the detection of KIT mutations and showed that 8.6% of mucosal and 4.2% of acral melanoma cases at our institution harbor KIT mutations; all mutant cases showed strong, diffuse KIT protein expression. Our case series represents the first Canadian study to characterize KIT gene mutations and patterns of protein expression in acral and mucosal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Abu-Abed
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON
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15
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Bell RE, Levy C. The three M's: melanoma, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and microRNA. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 24:1088-106. [PMID: 22004179 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2011.00931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies examining intratumor heterogeneity have indicated that several cancer types, including melanoma, can display phenotypic plasticity, corresponding to their capacity to undergo transient reversible cellular changes. Conceptual models constructed to explain the process of cancer propagation differ in their treatment of intratumor heterogeneity. Recent observations of reversible phenotypic heterogeneity in melanoma have led to the proposal of a novel 'phenotypic plasticity' model of cancer propagation. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), the melanocyte 'lineage-specific' transcription factor, has emerged as one of the central players in melanoma phenotypic plasticity. Here we discuss the conceptual models suggested to explain the relations between MITF and melanoma plasticity, in addition to the complex regulatory roles that MITF plays in melanocytes and melanoma development. Finally, we provide an in-depth literature survey of microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in MITF activity, melanoma propagation and metastasis, in addition to their potential use as agents of personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Bell
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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16
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Baxter LL, Pavan WJ. The etiology and molecular genetics of human pigmentation disorders. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2012; 2:379-92. [PMID: 23799582 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pigmentation, defined as the placement of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes for coloration, is distinctive because the location, amount, and type of pigmentation provides a visual manifestation of genetic heterogeneity in pathways regulating the pigment-producing cells, melanocytes. The scope of this genetic heterogeneity in humans ranges from normal to pathological pigmentation phenotypes. Clinically, normal human pigmentation encompasses a variety of skin and hair color as well as punctate pigmentation such as melanocytic nevi (moles) or ephelides (freckles), while abnormal human pigmentation exhibits markedly reduced or increased pigment levels, known as hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation, respectively. Elucidation of the molecular genetics underlying pigmentation has revealed genes important for melanocyte development and function. Furthermore, many pigmentation disorders show additional defects in cells other than melanocytes, and identification of the genetic insults in these disorders has revealed pleiotropic genes, where a single gene is required for various functions in different cell types. Thus, unravelling the genetics of easily visualized pigmentation disorders has identified molecular similarities between melanocytes and less visible cell types/tissues, arising from a common developmental origin and/or shared genetic regulatory pathways. Herein we discuss notable human pigmentation disorders and their associated genetic alterations, focusing on the fact that the developmental genetics of pigmentation abnormalities are instructive for understanding normal pathways governing development and function of melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Baxter
- Mouse Embryology Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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17
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Li J, Song JS, Bell RJA, Tran TNT, Haq R, Liu H, Love KT, Langer R, Anderson DG, Larue L, Fisher DE. YY1 regulates melanocyte development and function by cooperating with MITF. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002688. [PMID: 22570637 PMCID: PMC3342948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of coat color mutants have greatly contributed to the discovery of genes that regulate melanocyte development and function. Here, we generated Yy1 conditional knockout mice in the melanocyte-lineage and observed profound melanocyte deficiency and premature gray hair, similar to the loss of melanocytes in human piebaldism and Waardenburg syndrome. Although YY1 is a ubiquitous transcription factor, YY1 interacts with M-MITF, the Waardenburg Syndrome IIA gene and a master transcriptional regulator of melanocytes. YY1 cooperates with M-MITF in regulating the expression of piebaldism gene KIT and multiple additional pigmentation genes. Moreover, ChIP–seq identified genome-wide YY1 targets in the melanocyte lineage. These studies mechanistically link genes implicated in human conditions of melanocyte deficiency and reveal how a ubiquitous factor (YY1) gains lineage-specific functions by co-regulating gene expression with a lineage-restricted factor (M-MITF)—a general mechanism which may confer tissue-specific gene expression in multiple lineages. Skin and hair pigmentation is among the most identifiable human traits. Disorders of pigment cells, melanocytes, result in multiple hypopigmentation conditions. Here, we described the phenotype of loss of a ubiquitous transcription factor YY1 in mouse melanocytes, which is reminiscent of certain human hypopigmentation conditions. We revealed at a molecular level that YY1 cooperates with a melanocyte-specific transcription factor M-MITF to regulate survival and pigmentation gene expression. This study is the first report of YY1 function in melanocyte lineage, and it reveals how a ubiquitous transcription factor gains lineage-specific functions by co-regulating gene expression with a lineage-restricted transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jun S. Song
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JSS); (DEF)
| | - Robert J. A. Bell
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Thanh-Nga T. Tran
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rizwan Haq
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Huifei Liu
- Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kevin T. Love
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie, Developmental Genetics of Melanocytes, U1021 INSERM, UMR 3347 CNRS, Orsay, France
| | - David E. Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JSS); (DEF)
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Deininger MW, Manley P. What do kinase inhibition profiles tell us about tyrosine kinase inhibitors used for the treatment of CML? Leuk Res 2011; 36:253-61. [PMID: 21996558 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment has long been based upon cytotoxic therapies that affect all rapidly dividing cells, and as such, is necessarily associated with significant toxicity. More recently, drugs targeted toward pathways critical for tumor cell survival have been developed. With limited off-target activity, such therapies are expected to be better tolerated than broad-acting cytotoxic chemotherapies. BCR-ABL inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia are reviewed as a model to investigate the concept of targeted cancer therapies and evaluate how the kinase inhibition profiles of these agents may contribute to their toxicity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Deininger
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5550, USA.
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19
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Baxter LL, Loftus SK, Pavan WJ. Networks and pathways in pigmentation, health, and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 1:359-371. [PMID: 20161540 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Extensive studies of the biology of the pigment-producing cell (melanocyte) have resulted in a wealth of knowledge regarding the genetics and developmental mechanisms governing skin and hair pigmentation. The ease of identification of altered pigment phenotypes, particularly in mouse coat color mutants, facilitated early use of the pigmentary system in mammalian genetics and development. In addition to the large collection of developmental genetics data, melanocytes are of interest because their malignancy results in melanoma, a highly aggressive and frequently fatal cancer that is increasing in Caucasian populations worldwide. The genetic programs regulating melanocyte development, function, and malignancy are highly complex and only partially understood. Current research in melanocyte development and pigmentation is revealing new genes important in these processes and additional functions for previously known individual components. A detailed understanding of all the components involved in melanocyte development and function, including interactions with neighboring cells and response to environmental stimuli, will be necessary to fully comprehend this complex system. The inherent characteristics of pigmentation biology as well as the resources available to researchers in the pigment cell community make melanocytes an ideal cell type for analysis using systems biology approaches. In this review, the study of melanocyte development and pigmentation is considered as a candidate for systems biology-based analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Baxter
- Mouse Embryology Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stacie K Loftus
- Mouse Embryology Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William J Pavan
- Mouse Embryology Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Poliosis y estatus epiléptico en un lactante como presentación de esclerosis tuberosa. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Díaz-Corpas T, Mateu-Puchades A, Rojo-España R, Marquina-Vila A. Poliosis and Status Epilepticus as the Presentation of Tuberous Sclerosis in an Infant. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1578-2190(10)70726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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22
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Wheeler GN, Brändli AW. Simple vertebrate models for chemical genetics and drug discovery screens: Lessons from zebrafish andXenopus. Dev Dyn 2009; 238:1287-308. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Zarate YA, Pacheco MC, Bove KE, Gorlin R, Zhao H, Hopkin RJ. Phenotypic and microscopic description of a new case of Ermine phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:1253-6. [PMID: 19449401 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new case of Ermine phenotype. The patient had the striking pattern of skin and hair involvement that characterize the condition, global developmental delay, growth retardation, microcephaly, and bilateral hearing loss. Results of extensive workup for several other neurologic, metabolic, mitochondrial, genetic and chromosomal conditions were normal. Microscopic examination demonstrated normal numbers of melanocytes and variable amounts of pigment depending on the degree of pigmentation in the region biopsied. Ultrastructure of melanosomes was abnormal suggesting a defect in melanin synthesis. Ermine phenotype has a distinct clinical presentation compared to other syndromes associated with abnormal pigment and deafness. Therefore, this should be included as an independent condition in the differential diagnosis. Additional phenotypic and pathologic descriptions are needed to better define this condition clinically, pathologically, and genetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri A Zarate
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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A novel KIT missense mutation in one Chinese family with piebaldism. Arch Dermatol Res 2009; 301:387-9. [PMID: 19430803 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-009-0955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 04/05/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Piebaldism is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by congenital leukoderma, mostly affecting forehead, abdomen and knee. Previous studies have revealed that piebaldism is caused by mutations of the KIT gene, which encodes the cell surface transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor for KIT ligand. We reported here a Chinese Han family with piebaldism, and performed mutation detection of KIT gene by direct sequencing. A novel missense mutation C58G was identified in the patients, but not in the healthy individuals from the family and 100 unrelated controls. This study contributes to the database on KIT in piebaldism and enriches the knowledge about the genotype/phenotype correlation.
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Tomlinson ML, Rejzek M, Fidock M, Field RA, Wheeler GN. Chemical genomics identifies compounds affecting Xenopus laevis pigment cell development. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2009; 5:376-84. [DOI: 10.1039/b818695b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kluger N, Guillot B, Bessis D. [An unusual "vitiligo"]. Rev Med Interne 2008; 30:796-7. [PMID: 18963272 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Kluger
- Service de dermatologie, université Montpellier-I, hôpital Saint-Eloi, CHU de Montpellier, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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Miettinen M, Lasota J. KIT (CD117): a review on expression in normal and neoplastic tissues, and mutations and their clinicopathologic correlation. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2006; 13:205-20. [PMID: 16082245 DOI: 10.1097/01.pai.0000173054.83414.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD117 (KIT) is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase operating in cell signal transduction in several cell types. Normally KIT is activated (phosphorylated) by binding of its ligand, the stem cell factor. This leads to a phosphorylation cascade ultimately activating various transcription factors in different cell types. Such activation regulates apoptosis, cell differentiation, proliferation, chemotaxis, and cell adhesion. KIT-dependent cell types include mast cells, some hematopoietic stem cells, germ cells, melanocytes, and Cajal cells of the gastrointestinal tract, and neoplasms of these cells are examples of KIT-positive tumors. Other KIT-positive normal cells include epithelial cells in skin adnexa, breast, and subsets of cerebellar neurons. KIT positivity has been variably reported in sarcomas such as angiosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and MFH; results of the last three are controversial. The variations in published data may result from incomplete specificity of some polyclonal antibodies, possibly contributed by too high dilutions. Also, KIT is expressed in pulmonary and other small cell carcinomas, adenoid cystic carcinoma, renal chromophobe carcinoma, thymic, and some ovarian and few breast carcinomas. A good KIT antibody reacts with known KIT positive cells, and smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts are negative. KIT deficiency due to hereditary nonsense/missense mutations leads to disruption of KIT-dependent functions such as erythropoiesis, skin pigmentation, fertility, and gastrointestinal motility. Conversely, pathologic activation of KIT through gain-of-function mutations leads to neoplasia of KIT-dependent and KIT-positive cell types at least in three different systems: mast cells/myeloid cells--mastocytosis/acute myeloid leukemia, germ cells--seminoma, and Cajal cells--gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). KIT tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib mesylate are the generally accepted treatment of metastatic GISTs, and their availability has prompted an active search for other treatment targets among KIT-positive tumors such as myeloid leukemias and small cell carcinoma of the lung, with variable and often nonconvincing results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Miettinen
- Department of Soft Tissue Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306-6000, USA.
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