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Barone V, Scirocco L, Surico PL, Micera A, Cutrupi F, Coassin M, Di Zazzo A. Mast cells and ocular surface: An update review. Exp Eye Res 2024; 245:109982. [PMID: 38942134 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs), traditionally viewed as key players in IgE-mediated allergic responses, are increasingly recognized for their versatile roles. Situated at critical barrier sites such as the ocular surface, these sentinel cells participate in a broad array of physiological and pathological processes. This review presents a comprehensive update on the immune pathophysiology of MCs, with a particular focus on the mechanisms underlying innate immunity. It highlights their roles at the ocular surface, emphasizing their participation in allergic reactions, maintenance of corneal homeostasis, neovascularization, wound healing, and immune responses in corneal grafts. The review also explores the potential of MCs as therapeutic targets, given their significant contributions to disease pathogenesis and their capacity to modulate immunity. Through a thorough examination of current literature, we aim to elucidate the immune pathophysiology and multifaceted roles of MCs in ocular surface health and disease, suggesting directions for future research and therapeutic innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Barone
- Ophthalmology Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy; Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Scirocco
- Ophthalmology Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy; Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Surico
- Ophthalmology Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy; Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy; Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Science, IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cutrupi
- Ophthalmology Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy; Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Coassin
- Ophthalmology Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy; Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Zazzo
- Ophthalmology Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy; Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy; Rare Corneal Diseases Center, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy.
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Miralda I, Samanas NB, Seo AJ, Foronda JS, Sachen J, Hui Y, Morrison SD, Oskeritzian CA, Piliponsky AM. Siglec-9 is an inhibitory receptor on human mast cells in vitro. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:711-724.e14. [PMID: 37100120 PMCID: PMC10524464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cell activation is critical for the development of allergic diseases. Ligation of sialic acid-binding immunoglobin-like lectins (Siglecs), such as Siglec-6, -7, and -8 as well as CD33, have been shown to inhibit mast cell activation. Recent studies showed that human mast cells express Siglec-9, an inhibitory receptor also expressed by neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize Siglec-9 expression and function in human mast cells in vitro. METHODS We assessed the expression of Siglec-9 and Siglec-9 ligands on human mast cell lines and human primary mast cells by real-time quantitative PCR, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. We used a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing approach to disrupt the SIGLEC9 gene. We evaluated Siglec-9 inhibitory activity on mast cell function by using native Siglec-9 ligands, glycophorin A (GlycA), and high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid, a monoclonal antibody against Siglec-9, and coengagement of Siglec-9 with the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI). RESULTS Human mast cells express Siglec-9 and Siglec-9 ligands. SIGLEC9 gene disruption resulted in increased expression of activation markers at baseline and increased responsiveness to IgE-dependent and IgE-independent stimulation. Pretreatment with GlycA or high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid followed by IgE-dependent or -independent stimulation had an inhibitory effect on mast cell degranulation. Coengagement of Siglec-9 with FcεRI in human mast cells resulted in reduced degranulation, arachidonic acid production, and chemokine release. CONCLUSIONS Siglec-9 and its ligands play an important role in limiting human mast cell activation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Miralda
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Nyssa B Samanas
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Albert J Seo
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Jake S Foronda
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Josie Sachen
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Yvonne Hui
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC
| | - Shane D Morrison
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash
| | | | - Adrian M Piliponsky
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash.
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3
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O'Sullivan JA, Youngblood BA, Schleimer RP, Bochner BS. Siglecs as potential targets of therapy in human mast cell- and/or eosinophil-associated diseases. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101799. [PMID: 37413923 PMCID: PMC10528103 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are a family of vertebrate glycan-binding cell-surface proteins. The majority mediate cellular inhibitory activity once engaged by specific ligands or ligand-mimicking molecules. As a result, Siglec engagement is now of interest as a strategy to therapeutically dampen unwanted cellular responses. When considering allergic inflammation, human eosinophils and mast cells express overlapping but distinct patterns of Siglecs. For example, Siglec-6 is selectively and prominently expressed on mast cells while Siglec-8 is highly specific for both eosinophils and mast cells. This review will focus on a subset of Siglecs and their various endogenous or synthetic sialoside ligands that regulate eosinophil and mast cell function and survival. It will also summarize how certain Siglecs have become the focus of novel therapies for allergic and other eosinophil- and mast cell-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A O'Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Liu X, Li X, Wei H, Liu Y, Li N. Mast cells in colorectal cancer tumour progression, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209056. [PMID: 37497234 PMCID: PMC10366593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of the tumour cells, as well as how tumour cells interact with their surroundings, affect the prognosis of cancer patients. The resident cells in the tumour microenvironment are mast cells (MCs), which are known for their functions in allergic responses, but their functions in the cancer milieu have been hotly contested. Several studies have revealed a link between MCs and the development of tumours. Mast cell proliferation in colorectal cancer (CRC) is correlated with angiogenesis, the number of lymph nodes to which the malignancy has spread, and patient prognosis. By releasing angiogenic factors (VEGF-A, CXCL 8, MMP-9, etc.) and lymphangiogenic factors (VEGF-C, VEGF-D, etc.) stored in granules, mast cells play a significant role in the development of CRC. On the other hand, MCs can actively encourage tumour development via pathways including the c-kit/SCF-dependent signaling cascade and histamine production. The impact of MC-derived mediators on tumour growth, the prognostic importance of MCs in patients with various stages of colorectal cancer, and crosstalk between MCs and CRC cells in the tumour microenvironment are discussed in this article. We acknowledge the need for a deeper comprehension of the function of MCs in CRC and the possibility that targeting MCs might be a useful therapeutic approach in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haotian Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ningxu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Bochner BS, O'Sullivan JA, Chang AT, Youngblood BA. Siglecs in allergy and asthma. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 90:101104. [PMID: 35835621 PMCID: PMC10757266 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The term "allergic diseases" encompasses several common, IgE-mediated conditions that range from being annoying to those that are life-threatening. Available treatments include active avoidance of the instigating allergen and the use of a variety of oral, inhaled, intranasal, intraocular and injected agents. While most individuals with allergies do well with existing therapies, there are still unmet therapeutic needs. Siglecs (sialic acid-binding, immunoglobulin-like lectins) are a family of single-pass transmembrane I-type lectins found on various subsets of cells, especially those of the immune system. All Siglecs have extracellular domains recognizing sialoside ligands, and most contain cytoplasmic domains with inhibitory signaling activity. This review focuses on Siglecs that likely play a role in regulating allergic and asthmatic responses, and how specific Siglecs, expressed on cells such as eosinophils and mast cells, are being targeted for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Jeremy A O'Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Gonzalez-Gil A, Li TA, Kim J, Schnaar RL. Human sialoglycan ligands for immune inhibitory Siglecs. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 90:101110. [PMID: 35965135 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Most human Siglecs (sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are expressed on the surfaces of overlapping subsets of immune cells, and most carry immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory domains on their intracellular motifs. When immune inhibitory Siglecs bind to complementary sialoglycans in their local milieu, engagement results in down-regulation of the immune response. Siglecs have come under scrutiny as potential targets of drugs to modify the course of inflammation (and other immune system responses) and as immune checkpoints in cancer. Human Siglecs bind to endogenous human sialoglycans. The identities of these endogenous human sialoglycan immune regulators are beginning to emerge, along with some general principles that may inform future investigations in this area. Among these principles is the finding that a cell type or tissue may express a ligand for a particular Siglec on a single or a very few of its sialoglycoproteins. The selected protein carrier for a particular Siglec may be unique in a certain tissue, but vary tissue-to-tissue. The binding affinity of endogenous Siglec ligands may surpass that of its binding to synthetic sialoglycan determinants by several orders of magnitude. Since most human Siglecs have evolved rapidly and are distinct from those in most other mammals, this review describes endogenous human Siglec ligands for several human immune inhibitory Siglecs. As the identities of these immune regulatory sialoglycan ligands are defined, additional opportunities to target Siglecs therapeutically may emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Gonzalez-Gil
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - T August Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Jean Kim
- Department Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Rische CH, Thames AN, Krier-Burris RA, O’Sullivan JA, Bochner BS, Scott EA. Drug delivery targets and strategies to address mast cell diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:205-222. [PMID: 36629456 PMCID: PMC9928520 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2166926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current and developing mast cell therapeutics are reliant on small molecule drugs and biologics, but few are truly selective for mast cells. Most have cellular and disease-specific limitations that require innovation to overcome longstanding challenges to selectively targeting and modulating mast cell behavior. This review is designed to serve as a frame of reference for new approaches that utilize nanotechnology or combine different drugs to increase mast cell selectivity and therapeutic efficacy. AREAS COVERED Mast cell diseases include allergy and related conditions as well as malignancies. Here, we discuss the targets of existing and developing therapies used to treat these disease pathologies, classifying them into cell surface, intracellular, and extracellular categories. For each target discussed, we discuss drugs that are either the current standard of care, under development, or have indications for potential use. Finally, we discuss how novel technologies and tools can be used to take existing therapeutics to a new level of selectivity and potency against mast cells. EXPERT OPINION There are many broadly and very few selectively targeted therapeutics for mast cells in allergy and malignant disease. Combining existing targeting strategies with technology like nanoparticles will provide novel platforms to treat mast cell disease more selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton H. Rische
- Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ariel N. Thames
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Krier-Burris
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeremy A. O’Sullivan
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce S. Bochner
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Evan A. Scott
- Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Microbiolgy-Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
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Smiljkovic D, Herrmann H, Sadovnik I, Gamperl S, Berger D, Stefanzl G, Eisenwort G, Hoermann G, Kopanja S, Dorofeeva Y, Focke-Tejkl M, Jaksch P, Hoetzenecker K, Szepfalusi Z, Valenta R, Arock M, Valent P. Expression and regulation of Siglec-6 (CD327) on human mast cells and basophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:202-211. [PMID: 35953001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells (MC) and basophils are effector cells of allergic reactions and display a number of activation-linked cell surface antigens. Of these antigens, however, only a few are functionally relevant and specifically expressed in these cells. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify MC- and basophil-specific surface molecules and to study their cellular distribution and regulation during cytokine-induced and IgE-dependent activation. METHODS Multicolor flow cytometry was performed to recognize surface antigens and to determine changes in antigen expression upon activation. RESULTS We identified Siglec-6 (CD327) as a differentially regulated surface antigen on human MC and basophils. In the bone marrow, Siglec-6 was expressed abundantly on MC in patients with mastocytosis and in reactive states, but it was not detected on other myeloid cells, with the exception of basophils and monocytes. In healthy individuals, allergic patients, and patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Siglec-6 was identified on CD203c+ blood basophils, a subset of CD19+ B lymphocytes, and few CD14+ monocytes, but not on other blood leukocytes. CML basophils expressed higher levels of Siglec-6 than normal basophils. IL-3 promoted Siglec-6 expression on normal and CML basophils, and stem cell factor increased the expression of Siglec-6 on tissue MC. Unexpectedly, IgE-dependent activation resulted in downregulation of Siglec-6 in IL-3-primed basophils, whereas in MC, IgE-dependent activation augmented stem cell factor-induced upregulation of Siglec-6. CONCLUSIONS Siglec-6 is a dynamically regulated marker of MC and basophils. Activated MC and basophils exhibit unique Siglec-6 responses, including cytokine-dependent upregulation and unique, cell-specific, responses to IgE-receptor cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Smiljkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irina Sadovnik
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Gamperl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Stefanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Kopanja
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yulia Dorofeeva
- Department of Pathophysiology, Division of Immunopathology, Center for Pathophysiology, Immunology, and Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Department of Pathophysiology, Division of Immunopathology, Center for Pathophysiology, Immunology, and Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Peter Jaksch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsolt Szepfalusi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology, Division of Immunopathology, Center for Pathophysiology, Immunology, and Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Michel Arock
- Laboratory of Hematology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Poto R, Criscuolo G, Marone G, Brightling CE, Varricchi G. Human Lung Mast Cells: Therapeutic Implications in Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14466. [PMID: 36430941 PMCID: PMC9693207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are strategically located in different compartments of the lung in asthmatic patients. These cells are widely recognized as central effectors and immunomodulators in different asthma phenotypes. Mast cell mediators activate a wide spectrum of cells of the innate and adaptive immune system during airway inflammation. Moreover, these cells modulate the activities of several structural cells (i.e., fibroblasts, airway smooth muscle cells, bronchial epithelial and goblet cells, and endothelial cells) in the human lung. These findings indicate that lung mast cells and their mediators significantly contribute to the immune induction of airway remodeling in severe asthma. Therapies targeting mast cell mediators and/or their receptors, including monoclonal antibodies targeting IgE, IL-4/IL-13, IL-5/IL-5Rα, IL-4Rα, TSLP, and IL-33, have been found safe and effective in the treatment of different phenotypes of asthma. Moreover, agonists of inhibitory receptors expressed by human mast cells (Siglec-8, Siglec-6) are under investigation for asthma treatment. Increasing evidence suggests that different approaches to depleting mast cells show promising results in severe asthma treatment. Novel treatments targeting mast cells can presumably change the course of the disease and induce drug-free remission in bronchial asthma. Here, we provide an overview of current and promising treatments for asthma that directly or indirectly target lung mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gjada Criscuolo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chris E. Brightling
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Leicester NIHR BRC, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
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Liu G, Hao M, Zeng B, Liu M, Wang J, Sun S, Liu C, Huilian C. Sialic acid and food allergies: The link between nutrition and immunology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3880-3906. [PMID: 36369942 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2136620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Food allergies (FA), a major public health problem recognized by the World Health Organization, affect an estimated 3%-10% of adults and 8% of children worldwide. However, effective treatments for FA are still lacking. Recent advances in glycoimmunology have demonstrated the great potential of sialic acids (SAs) in the treatment of FA. SAs are a group of nine-carbon α-ketoacids usually linked to glycoproteins and glycolipids as terminal glycans. They play an essential role in modulating immune responses and may be an effective target for FA intervention. As exogenous food components, sialylated polysaccharides have anti-FA effects. In contrast, as endogenous components, SAs on immunoglobulin E and immune cell surfaces contribute to the pathogenesis of FA. Given the lack of comprehensive information on the effects of SAs on FA, we reviewed the roles of endogenous and exogenous SAs in the pathogenesis and treatment of FA. In addition, we considered the structure-function relationship of SAs to provide a theoretical basis for the development of SA-based FA treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengzhen Hao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Binghui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Manman Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanfeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changqi Liu
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, California, United States of America
| | - Che Huilian
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Islam M, Arlian BM, Pfrengle F, Duan S, Smith SA, Paulson JC. Suppressing Immune Responses Using Siglec Ligand-Decorated Anti-receptor Antibodies. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9302-9311. [PMID: 35593593 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are expressed predominantly on white blood cells and participate in immune cell recognition of self. Most Siglecs contain cytoplasmic inhibitory immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs characteristic of inhibitory checkpoint co-receptors that suppress cell signaling when they are recruited to the immunological synapse of an activating receptor. Antibodies to activatory receptors typically activate immune cells by ligating the receptors on the cell surface. Here, we report that the conjugation of high affinity ligands of Siglecs to antibodies targeting activatory immune receptors can suppress receptor-mediated activation of immune cells. Indeed, B-cell activation by antibodies to the B-cell receptor IgD is dramatically suppressed by conjugation of anti-IgD with high affinity ligands of a B-cell Siglec CD22/Siglec-2. Similarly, degranulation of mast cells induced by antibodies to IgE, which ligate the IgE/FcεR1 receptor complex, is suppressed by conjugation of anti-IgE to high affinity ligands of a mast cell Siglec, CD33/Siglec-3 (CD33L). Moreover, the anti-IgE-CD33L suppresses anti-IgE-mediated systemic anaphylaxis of sensitized humanized mice and prevents anaphylaxis upon subsequent challenge with anti-IgE. The results demonstrate that attachment of ligands of inhibitory Siglecs to anti-receptor antibodies can suppress the activation of immune cells and modulate unwanted immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidul Islam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Britni M Arlian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Fabian Pfrengle
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Shiteng Duan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Scott A Smith
- Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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12
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Robida PA, Rische CH, Morgenstern NBB, Janarthanam R, Cao Y, Krier-Burris RA, Korver W, Xu A, Luu T, Schanin J, Leung J, Rothenberg ME, Wechsler JB, Youngblood BA, Bochner BS, O’Sullivan JA. Functional and Phenotypic Characterization of Siglec-6 on Human Mast Cells. Cells 2022; 11:1138. [PMID: 35406705 PMCID: PMC8997871 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident cells that contribute to allergic diseases, among others, due to excessive or inappropriate cellular activation and degranulation. Therapeutic approaches to modulate mast cell activation are urgently needed. Siglec-6 is an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-bearing receptor selectively expressed by mast cells, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention. However, the effects of its engagement on mast cells are poorly defined. Siglec-6 expression and endocytosis on primary human mast cells and mast cell lines were assessed by flow cytometry. SIGLEC6 mRNA expression was examined by single-cell RNAseq in esophageal tissue biopsy samples. The ability of Siglec-6 engagement or co-engagement to prevent primary mast cell activation was determined based on assessments of mediator and cytokine secretion and degranulation markers. Siglec-6 was highly expressed by all mast cells examined, and the SIGLEC6 transcript was restricted to mast cells in esophageal biopsy samples. Siglec-6 endocytosis occurred with delayed kinetics relative to the related receptor Siglec-8. Co-crosslinking of Siglec-6 with FcεRIα enhanced the inhibition of mast cell activation and diminished downstream ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation. The selective, stable expression and potent inhibitory capacity of Siglec-6 on human mast cells are favorable for its use as a therapeutic target in mast cell-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piper A. Robida
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.A.R.); (Y.C.); (R.A.K.-B.); (J.B.W.); (B.S.B.)
| | - Clayton H. Rische
- McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;
| | - Netali Ben-Baruch Morgenstern
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (N.B.-B.M.); (M.E.R.)
| | - Rethavathi Janarthanam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Yun Cao
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.A.R.); (Y.C.); (R.A.K.-B.); (J.B.W.); (B.S.B.)
| | - Rebecca A. Krier-Burris
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.A.R.); (Y.C.); (R.A.K.-B.); (J.B.W.); (B.S.B.)
| | - Wouter Korver
- Allakos, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94065, USA; (W.K.); (A.X.); (T.L.); (J.S.); (J.L.); (B.A.Y.)
| | - Alan Xu
- Allakos, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94065, USA; (W.K.); (A.X.); (T.L.); (J.S.); (J.L.); (B.A.Y.)
| | - Thuy Luu
- Allakos, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94065, USA; (W.K.); (A.X.); (T.L.); (J.S.); (J.L.); (B.A.Y.)
| | - Julia Schanin
- Allakos, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94065, USA; (W.K.); (A.X.); (T.L.); (J.S.); (J.L.); (B.A.Y.)
| | - John Leung
- Allakos, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94065, USA; (W.K.); (A.X.); (T.L.); (J.S.); (J.L.); (B.A.Y.)
| | - Marc E. Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (N.B.-B.M.); (M.E.R.)
| | - Joshua B. Wechsler
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.A.R.); (Y.C.); (R.A.K.-B.); (J.B.W.); (B.S.B.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Bradford A. Youngblood
- Allakos, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94065, USA; (W.K.); (A.X.); (T.L.); (J.S.); (J.L.); (B.A.Y.)
| | - Bruce S. Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.A.R.); (Y.C.); (R.A.K.-B.); (J.B.W.); (B.S.B.)
| | - Jeremy A. O’Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.A.R.); (Y.C.); (R.A.K.-B.); (J.B.W.); (B.S.B.)
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13
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Current Limitations and Perspectives of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T-Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246157. [PMID: 34944782 PMCID: PMC8699597 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most frequent type of acute leukemia in adults. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) has been the only potentially curative treatment for the majority of patients. The ability of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T-cell therapy directed against the CD19 antigen to induce durable remissions in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has provided optimism that this novel treatment paradigm can be extrapolated to AML. In this review, we provide an overview of candidate target antigens for CAR-T-cells in AML, an update on recent progress in preclinical and clinical development of investigational CAR-T-cell products, and discuss challenges for the clinical implementation of CAR-T-cell therapy in AML. Abstract Adoptive transfer of gene-engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cells has emerged as a powerful immunotherapy for combating hematologic cancers. Several target antigens that are prevalently expressed on AML cells have undergone evaluation in preclinical CAR-T-cell testing. Attributes of an ‘ideal’ target antigen for CAR-T-cell therapy in AML include high-level expression on leukemic blasts and leukemic stem cells (LSCs), and absence on healthy tissues, normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In contrast to other blood cancer types, where CAR-T therapies are being similarly studied, only a rather small number of AML patients has received CAR-T-cell treatment in clinical trials, resulting in limited clinical experience for this therapeutic approach in AML. For curative AML treatment, abrogation of bulk blasts and LSCs is mandatory with the need for hematopoietic recovery after CAR-T administration. Herein, we provide a critical review of the current pipeline of candidate target antigens and corresponding CAR-T-cell products in AML, assess challenges for clinical translation and implementation in routine clinical practice, as well as perspectives for overcoming them.
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14
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Lim J, Sari-Ak D, Bagga T. Siglecs as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1178. [PMID: 34827170 PMCID: PMC8615218 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypersialylation is a common post-translational modification of protein and lipids found on cancer cell surfaces, which participate in cell-cell interactions and in the regulation of immune responses. Sialic acids are a family of nine-carbon α-keto acids found at the outermost ends of glycans attached to cell surfaces. Given their locations on cell surfaces, tumor cells aberrantly overexpress sialic acids, which are recognized by Siglec receptors found on immune cells to mediate broad immunomodulatory signaling. Enhanced sialylation exposed on cancer cell surfaces is exemplified as "self-associated molecular pattern" (SAMP), which tricks Siglec receptors found on leukocytes to greatly down-regulate immune responsiveness, leading to tumor growth. In this review, we focused on all 15 human Siglecs (including Siglec XII), many of which still remain understudied. We also highlighted strategies that disrupt the course of Siglec-sialic acid interactions, such as antibody-based therapies and sialic acid mimetics leading to tumor cell depletion. Herein, we introduced the central roles of Siglecs in mediating pro-tumor immunity and discussed strategies that target these receptors, which could benefit improved cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackwee Lim
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 8a Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore;
| | - Duygu Sari-Ak
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey;
| | - Tanaya Bagga
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 8a Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore;
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15
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Karmakar J, Mukherjee K, Mandal C. Siglecs Modulate Activities of Immune Cells Through Positive and Negative Regulation of ROS Generation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:758588. [PMID: 34804046 PMCID: PMC8595208 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.758588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of oxygen-containing highly-reactive molecules produced from oxidative metabolic processes or in response to intracellular signals like cytokines and external stimuli like pathogen attack. They regulate a range of physiological processes and are involved in innate immune responses against infectious agents. Deregulation of ROS contributes to a plethora of disease conditions. Sialic acids are carbohydrates, present on cell surfaces or soluble proteins. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) recognize and bind to sialic acids. These are widely expressed on various types of immune cells. Siglecs modulate immune activation and can promote or inhibit ROS generation under different contexts. Siglecs promote ROS-dependent cell death in neutrophils and eosinophils while limiting oxidative stress associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sickle cell disease (SCD), coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), etc. This review distinguishes itself in summarizing the current understanding of the role of Siglecs in moderating ROS production and their distinct effect on different immune cells; that ultimately determine the cellular response and the disease outcome. This is an important field of investigation having scope for both expansion and medical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chitra Mandal
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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16
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Tontini C, Bulfone-Paus S. Novel Approaches in the Inhibition of IgE-Induced Mast Cell Reactivity in Food Allergy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:613461. [PMID: 34456900 PMCID: PMC8387944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.613461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergy is an IgE-dependent type-I hypersensitivity reaction that can lead to life-threatening systemic symptoms such as anaphylaxis. In the pathogenesis of the allergic response, the common upstream event is the binding of allergens to specific IgE, inducing cross-linking of the high-affinity FcεRI on mast cells, triggering cellular degranulation and the release of histamine, proteases, lipids mediators, cytokines and chemokines with inflammatory activity. A number of novel therapeutic options to curb mast cell activation are in the pipeline for the treatment of severe allergies. In addition to anti-IgE therapy and allergen-specific immunotherapy, monoclonal antibodies targeted against several key Th2/alarmin cytokines (i.e. IL-4Rα, IL-33, TSLP), active modification of allergen-specific IgE (i.e. inhibitory compounds, monoclonal antibodies, de-sialylation), engagement of inhibitory receptors on mast cells and allergen-specific adjuvant vaccines, are new promising options to inhibit the uncontrolled release of mast cell mediators upon allergen exposure. In this review, we critically discuss the novel approaches targeting mast cells limiting allergic responses and the immunological mechanisms involved, with special interest on food allergy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tontini
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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17
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Siglec-6 is a novel target for CAR T-cell therapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Blood 2021; 138:1830-1842. [PMID: 34289026 PMCID: PMC9642786 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is attractive for the development of CAR T-cell immunotherapy because AML blasts are susceptible to T-cell-mediated elimination. Here, we introduce sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-6 as a novel target for CAR T-cells in AML. We designed a Siglec-6-specific CAR with a targeting-domain derived from a human monoclonal antibody JML‑1. We found that Siglec-6 is prevalently expressed on AML cell lines and primary AML blasts, including the subpopulation of AML stem cells. Treatment with Siglec-6-CAR T-cells confers specific anti-leukemia reactivity that correlates with Siglec-6-expression in pre-clinical models, including induction of complete remission in a xenograft AML model in immunodeficient mice (NSG/U937). In addition, we confirmed Siglec-6-expression on transformed B-cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and show specific anti-CLL-reactivity of Siglec-6-CAR T-cells in vitro. Of particular interest, we found that Siglec-6 is not detectable on normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSC/P) and that treatment with Siglec-6-CAR T-cells does not affect their viability and lineage differentiation in colony-formation assays. These data suggest that Siglec-6-CAR T-cell therapy may be used to effectively treat AML without a need for subsequent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In mature normal hematopoietic cells, we detected Siglec-6 in a proportion of memory (and naïve) B-cells and basophilic granulocytes, suggesting the potential for limited on-target/off-tumor reactivity. The lacking expression of Siglec-6 on normal HSC/P is a key differentiator from other Siglec-family members (e.g. Siglec-3=CD33) and other CAR target antigens, e.g. CD123, that are under investigation in AML and warrants the clinical investigation of Siglec-6-CAR T-cell therapy.
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18
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Duan S, Arlian BM, Nycholat CM, Wei Y, Tateno H, Smith SA, Macauley MS, Zhu Z, Bochner BS, Paulson JC. Nanoparticles Displaying Allergen and Siglec-8 Ligands Suppress IgE-FcεRI-Mediated Anaphylaxis and Desensitize Mast Cells to Subsequent Antigen Challenge. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:2290-2300. [PMID: 33911007 PMCID: PMC8113104 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Siglec-8 is an inhibitory receptor expressed on eosinophils and mast cells. In this study, we took advantage of a novel Siglec-8 transgenic mouse model to assess the impact of modulating IgE-dependent mast cell degranulation and anaphylaxis using a liposomal platform to display an allergen with or without a synthetic glycan ligand for Siglec-8 (Sig8L). The hypothesis is that recruitment of Siglec-8 to the IgE-FcεRI receptor complex will inhibit allergen-induced mast cell degranulation. Codisplay of both allergen and Sig8L on liposomes profoundly suppresses IgE-mediated degranulation of mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells or rat basophilic leukemia cells expressing Siglec-8. In contrast, liposomes displaying only Sig8L have no significant suppression of antigenic liposome-induced degranulation, demonstrating that the inhibitory activity by Siglec-8 occurs only when Ag and Sig8L are on the same particle. In mouse models of anaphylaxis, display of Sig8L on antigenic liposomes completely suppresses IgE-mediated anaphylaxis in transgenic mice with mast cells expressing Siglec-8 but has no protection in mice that do not express Siglec-8. Furthermore, mice protected from anaphylaxis remain desensitized to subsequent allergen challenge because of loss of Ag-specific IgE from the cell surface and accelerated clearance of IgE from the blood. Thus, although expression of human Siglec-8 on murine mast cells does not by itself modulate IgE-FcεRI-mediated cell activation, the enforced recruitment of Siglec-8 to the FcεRI receptor by Sig8L-decorated antigenic liposomes results in inhibition of degranulation and desensitization to subsequent Ag exposure.
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MESH Headings
- Allergens/administration & dosage
- Anaphylaxis/drug therapy
- Anaphylaxis/genetics
- Anaphylaxis/immunology
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Cell Degranulation/drug effects
- Cell Degranulation/genetics
- Cell Degranulation/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Desensitization, Immunologic/methods
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Delivery Systems/methods
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/metabolism
- Lectins/genetics
- Lectins/metabolism
- Ligands
- Liposomes
- Mast Cells/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Polysaccharides/administration & dosage
- Polysaccharides/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, IgE/genetics
- Receptors, IgE/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiteng Duan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Britni M Arlian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Corwin M Nycholat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yadong Wei
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hiroaki Tateno
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Scott A Smith
- Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
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19
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DeRogatis JM, Viramontes KM, Neubert EN, Tinoco R. PSGL-1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibition for CD4 + T Cell Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636238. [PMID: 33708224 PMCID: PMC7940186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibition targeting T cells has shown tremendous promise in the treatment of many cancer types and are now standard therapies for patients. While standard therapies have focused on PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade, additional immune checkpoints have shown promise in promoting anti-tumor immunity. PSGL-1, primarily known for its role in cellular migration, has also been shown to function as a negative regulator of CD4+ T cells in numerous disease settings including cancer. PSGL-1 is highly expressed on T cells and can engage numerous ligands that impact signaling pathways, which may modulate CD4+ T cell differentiation and function. PSGL-1 engagement in the tumor microenvironment may promote CD4+ T cell exhaustion pathways that favor tumor growth. Here we highlight that blocking the PSGL-1 pathway on CD4+ T cells may represent a new cancer therapy approach to eradicate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roberto Tinoco
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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20
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Paivandy A, Pejler G. Novel Strategies to Target Mast Cells in Disease. J Innate Immun 2021; 13:131-147. [PMID: 33582673 DOI: 10.1159/000513582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are versatile effector cells of the immune system, characterized by a large content of secretory granules containing a variety of inflammatory mediators. They are implicated in the host protection toward various external insults, but are mostly well known for their detrimental impact on a variety of pathological conditions, including allergic disorders such as asthma and a range of additional disease settings. Based on this, there is currently a large demand for therapeutic regimens that can dampen the detrimental impact of MCs in these respective pathological conditions. This can be accomplished by several strategies, including targeting of individual mediators released by MCs, blockade of receptors for MC-released compounds, inhibition of MC activation, limiting mast cell growth or by inducing mast cell apoptosis. Here, we review the currently available and emerging regimens to interfere with harmful mast cell activities in asthma and other pathological settings and discuss the advantages and limitations of such strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Paivandy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Strategies for Mast Cell Inhibition in Food Allergy. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 93:719-731. [PMID: 33380934 PMCID: PMC7757070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue resident allergic effector cells that drive IgE-mediated food allergies. There are several steps leading to mast cell activation in the context of allergic disease that can be targeted to prevent mast cell activation and degranulation. These include blocking IgE-FcεRI crosslinking and type 2 cytokine receptor activation; modulating cell-surface neural chemical receptors; stabilizing mast cell membranes to prevent co-localization of activating receptors; impeding intracellular signaling; and engaging cell surface inhibitory receptors. This review highlights several ITIM-containing inhibitory mast cell surface receptors that could serve as pharmaceutical targets to prevent mast cell activation and degranulation in the context of food allergy. When activated, these ITIM-containing inhibitory receptors recruit the phosphatases SHP-1, SHP-2, and/or SHIP to dephosphorylate the tyrosine kinases responsible for activation signals downstream of the IgE-FcεRI complex. We describe several members of the Ig and Ig-like inhibitory receptor and C-type lectin inhibitory receptor superfamilies. Fundamental studies exploring the behavior of these receptors within the context of experimental food allergy models are needed. A deeper understanding of how these receptors modulate mast cell-driven food allergic responses will shape future strategies to harness these inhibitory receptors to treat food allergy.
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22
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Discovery, Function, and Therapeutic Targeting of Siglec-8. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010019. [PMID: 33374255 PMCID: PMC7823959 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are single-pass cell surface receptors that have inhibitory activities on immune cells. Among these, Siglec-8 is a CD33-related family member selectively expressed on human mast cells and eosinophils, and at low levels on basophils. These cells can participate in inflammatory responses by releasing mediators that attract or activate other cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of allergic and non-allergic diseases. Since its discovery in 2000, initial in vitro studies have found that the engagement of Siglec-8 with a monoclonal antibody or with selective polyvalent sialoglycan ligands induced the cell death of eosinophils and inhibited mast cell degranulation. Anti-Siglec-8 antibody administration in vivo to humanized and transgenic mice selectively expressing Siglec-8 on mouse eosinophils and mast cells confirmed the in vitro findings, and identified additional anti-inflammatory effects. AK002 (lirentelimab) is a humanized non-fucosylated IgG1 antibody against Siglec-8 in clinical development for mast cell- and eosinophil-mediated diseases. AK002 administration has safely demonstrated the inhibition of mast cell activity and the depletion of eosinophils in several phase 1 and phase 2 trials. This article reviews the discovery and functions of Siglec-8, and strategies for its therapeutic targeting for the treatment of eosinophil- and mast cell-associated diseases.
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23
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Awoyemi T, Tannetta D, Zhang W, Kandzija N, Motta-Mejia C, Fischer R, Heilig R, Raiss S, Redman C, Vatish M. Glycosylated Siglec-6 expression in syncytiotrophoblast-derived extracellular vesicles from preeclampsia placentas. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:838-844. [PMID: 32998819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with an exaggerated maternal systemic inflammatory response. Throughout gestation, the placenta releases extracellular vesicles through the syncytiotrophoblast layer (STB) into the maternal circulation and this is increased in PE. Expression of Siglec-6, a transmembrane receptor of molecular weight 50 KDa, is upregulated in PE placental tissue. METHODS Here we investigated respective abundance of Siglec-6 in PE -and normal pregnancy- (NP) derived placental lysates (PL) and syncytiotrophoblast-derived extracellular vesicles (STBEV). STBEV from PE and NP placentas were isolated through dual-lobe placental perfusion and serial ultracentrifugation. Siglec-6 was characterized by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, mass spectrometry (MS), and deglycosylation. RESULTS Immunoblotting revealed the expected Siglec-6 (50 KDa) band present in both PE and NP PL, however an additional heavier band was observed at 70 KDa only in PE PL, but not in NP. When interrogating STBEV we saw an absence of the expected 50 KDa band but the 70 KDa was present predominantly only in the PE STBEV. Deglycosylation of PL and STBEV from PE showed that the 70 KDa and the 50 KDa bands were reduced to 48 KDa, suggesting glycosylation. Both 48 KDa and 70 KDa bands were subjected to MS, confirming Siglec-6 expression in both. DISCUSSION Our data shows that the inability to detect Siglec-6 in circulation might be due to the placenta secreting STBEV carrying a modified glycosylated form of Siglec-6 with a 70 KDa molecular weight, significantly and uniquely upregulated in PE STBEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toluwalase Awoyemi
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dionne Tannetta
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Neva Kandzija
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina Motta-Mejia
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Fischer
- Discovery Proteomics Facility, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Raphael Heilig
- Discovery Proteomics Facility, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sina Raiss
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Redman
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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24
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O'Sullivan JA, Chang AT, Youngblood BA, Bochner BS. Eosinophil and mast cell Siglecs: From biology to drug target. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:73-81. [PMID: 31965606 PMCID: PMC7531194 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mr0120-352rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells and eosinophils are innate immune cells involved in both acute and chronic inflammatory responses. Siglecs are a family of cell surface receptors that share sialic acid binding activity. Over the past 20 years, our knowledge of the expression and function of Siglecs on cells of the immune system and others has greatly expanded, as has our understanding of their signaling, ligands, and possible roles in disease pathophysiology. Because of this, Siglecs have garnered interest as potential drug targets using strategies ranging from biologics to ligand-directed nanoparticles. This mini-review will highlight the state of our knowledge regarding human eosinophil and mast cell Siglecs, their biology, what they recognize, tools developed for in vitro and preclinical experimentation, and the status of ongoing efforts to develop drugs that engage eosinophil and mast cell Siglecs for potential therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A O'Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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25
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Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are expressed on the majority of white blood cells of the immune system and play critical roles in immune cell signaling. Through recognition of sialic acid-containing glycans as ligands, they help the immune system distinguish between self and nonself. Because of their restricted cell type expression and roles as checkpoints in immune cell responses in human diseases such as cancer, asthma, allergy, neurodegeneration, and autoimmune diseases they have gained attention as targets for therapeutic interventions. In this review we describe the Siglec family, its roles in regulation of immune cell signaling, current efforts to define its roles in disease processes, and approaches to target Siglecs for treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiteng Duan
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
| | - James C Paulson
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
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26
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Identification and Immunophenotypic Characterization of Normal and Pathological Mast Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2163:331-353. [PMID: 32766988 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0696-4_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are secretory cells that are central players in human allergic disease and immune responses. With the exception of a few pathological situations, MCs are usually present at relatively low frequencies in most tissues. Since their first description, MCs in tissues were identified mostly using their morphological characteristics and their typical coloration when stained with aniline dyes. However, increasing availability of highly specific antibodies now permits the use of fluorescence-based flow cytometry as the method of choice for the quantification, characterization, and purification of cells in suspension. This technique allows for a rapid analysis of thousands of events and for the identification of cells present at frequencies as low as one event in 106 unwanted cells. This method also permits for simultaneous characterization of multiple antigens at a single cell level, which is ideal in order to study rare populations of cells like MCs. Here we describe the basis of flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping applied to the study of MC. The protocol focuses on the study of human MCs present in body fluids (mainly bone marrow) but can easily be adapted to studying MCs from other tissues and species.
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27
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Bärenwaldt A, Läubli H. The sialoglycan-Siglec glyco-immune checkpoint - a target for improving innate and adaptive anti-cancer immunity. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:839-853. [PMID: 31524529 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1667977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: During cancer progression, tumor cells develop several mechanisms to prevent killing and to shape the immune system into a tumor-promoting environment. One of such regulatory mechanism is the overexpression of sialic acid (Sia) on carbohydrates of proteins and lipids on tumor cells. Sia-containing glycans or sialoglycans were shown to inhibit immune effector functions of NK cells and T cells by engaging inhibitory Siglec receptors on the surface of these cells. They can also modulate the differentiation of myeloid cells into tumor-promoting M2 macrophages. Areas covered: We review the role of sialoglycans in cancer and introduce the Siglecs, their expression on different immune cells and their interaction with cancer-associated sialoglycans. The targeting of this sialoglycan-Siglec glyco-immune checkpoint is discussed along with potential therapeutic approaches. Pubmed was searched for publications on Siglecs, sialic acid, and cancer. Expert opinion: The targeting of sialoglycan-Siglec interactions has become a major focus in cancer research. New approaches have been developed that directly target sialic acids in tumor lesions. Targeted sialidases that cleave sialic acid specifically in the tumor, have already shown efficacy; efforts targeting the sialoglycan-Siglec pathway for improvement of CAR T cell therapy are ongoing. The sialoglycan-Siglec immune checkpoint is a promising new target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bärenwaldt
- Division of Medical Oncology, and Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Division of Medical Oncology, and Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
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28
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Duan S, Koziol-White CJ, Jester WF, Smith SA, Nycholat CM, Macauley MS, Panettieri RA, Paulson JC. CD33 recruitment inhibits IgE-mediated anaphylaxis and desensitizes mast cells to allergen. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1387-1401. [PMID: 30645205 DOI: 10.1172/jci125456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy for patients with allergies begins with weekly escalating doses of allergen under medical supervision to monitor and treat IgE mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis. There is currently no treatment to safely desensitize mast cells to enable robust allergen immunotherapy with therapeutic levels of allergen. Here, we demonstrated that liposomal nanoparticles bearing an allergen and a high-affinity glycan ligand of the inhibitory receptor CD33 profoundly suppressed IgE-mediated activation of mast cells, prevented anaphylaxis in Tg mice with mast cells expressing human CD33, and desensitized mice to subsequent allergen challenge for several days. We showed that high levels of CD33 were consistently expressed on human skin mast cells and that the antigenic liposomes with CD33 ligand prevented IgE-mediated bronchoconstriction in slices of human lung. The results demonstrated the potential of exploiting CD33 to desensitize mast cells to provide a therapeutic window for administering allergen immunotherapy without triggering anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiteng Duan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Cynthia J Koziol-White
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, USA
| | - William F Jester
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Scott A Smith
- Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Corwin M Nycholat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, USA
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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29
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Varricchi G, Raap U, Rivellese F, Marone G, Gibbs BF. Human mast cells and basophils-How are they similar how are they different? Immunol Rev 2019; 282:8-34. [PMID: 29431214 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells and basophils are key contributors to allergies and other inflammatory diseases since they are the most prominent source of histamine as well as numerous additional inflammatory mediators which drive inflammatory responses. However, a closer understanding of their precise roles in allergies and other pathological conditions has been marred by the considerable heterogeneity that these cells display, not only between mast cells and basophils themselves but also across different tissue locations and species. While both cell types share the ability to rapidly degranulate and release histamine following high-affinity IgE receptor cross-linking, they differ markedly in their ability to either react to other stimuli, generate inflammatory eicosanoids or release immunomodulating cytokines and chemokines. Furthermore, these cells display considerable pharmacological heterogeneity which has stifled attempts to develop more effective anti-allergic therapies. Mast cell- and basophil-specific transcriptional profiling, at rest and after activation by innate and adaptive stimuli, may help to unravel the degree to which these cells differ and facilitate a clearer understanding of their biological functions and how these could be targeted by new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Ulrike Raap
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Felice Rivellese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Bernhard F Gibbs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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30
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Robida PA, Puzzovio PG, Pahima H, Levi-Schaffer F, Bochner BS. Human eosinophils and mast cells: Birds of a feather flock together. Immunol Rev 2019; 282:151-167. [PMID: 29431215 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While the origin of the phrase "birds of a feather flock together" is unclear, it has been in use for centuries and is typically employed to describe the phenomenon that people with similar tastes or interests tend to seek each other out and congregate together. In this review, we have co-opted this phrase to compare innate immune cells of related origin, the eosinophil and mast cell, because they very often accumulate together in tissue sites under both homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. To highlight overlapping yet distinct features, their hematopoietic development, cell surface phenotype, mediator release profiles and roles in diseases have been compared and contrasted. What emerges is a sense that these two cell types often interact with each other and their tissue environment to provide synergistic contributions to a variety of normal and pathologic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piper A Robida
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pier Giorgio Puzzovio
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadas Pahima
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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31
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Wei Y, Chhiba KD, Zhang F, Ye X, Wang L, Zhang L, Robida PA, Moreno-Vinasco L, Schnaar RL, Roers A, Hartmann K, Lee CM, Demers D, Zheng T, Bochner BS, Zhu Z. Mast Cell-Specific Expression of Human Siglec-8 in Conditional Knock-in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010019. [PMID: 30577572 PMCID: PMC6337227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 8 (Siglec-8) is expressed on the surface of human eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils—cells that participate in allergic and other diseases. Ligation of Siglec-8 by specific glycan ligands or antibodies triggers eosinophil death and inhibits mast cell degranulation; consequences that could be leveraged as treatment. However, Siglec-8 is not expressed in murine and most other species, thus limiting preclinical studies in vivo. Based on a ROSA26 knock-in vector, a construct was generated that contains the CAG promoter, a LoxP-floxed-Neo-STOP fragment, and full-length Siglec-8 cDNA. Through homologous recombination, this Siglec-8 construct was targeted into the mouse genome of C57BL/6 embryonic stem (ES) cells, and chimeric mice carrying the ROSA26-Siglec-8 gene were generated. After cross-breeding to mast cell-selective Cre-recombinase transgenic lines (CPA3-Cre, and Mcpt5-Cre), the expression of Siglec-8 in different cell types was determined by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Peritoneal mast cells (dual FcεRI+ and c-Kit+) showed the strongest levels of surface Siglec-8 expression by multicolor flow cytometry compared to expression levels on tissue-derived mast cells. Siglec-8 was seen on a small percentage of peritoneal basophils, but not other leukocytes from CPA3-Siglec-8 mice. Siglec-8 mRNA and surface protein were also detected on bone marrow-derived mast cells. Transgenic expression of Siglec-8 in mice did not affect endogenous numbers of mast cells when quantified from multiple tissues. Thus, we generated two novel mouse strains, in which human Siglec-8 is selectively expressed on mast cells. These mice may enable the study of Siglec-8 biology in mast cells and its therapeutic targeting in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wei
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Krishan D Chhiba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Fengrui Zhang
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Xujun Ye
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Lihui Wang
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Li Zhang
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Piper A Robida
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Liliana Moreno-Vinasco
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute of Immunology, University of Technology Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Karin Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Delia Demers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Tao Zheng
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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32
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Angata T. Possible Influences of Endogenous and Exogenous Ligands on the Evolution of Human Siglecs. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2885. [PMID: 30564250 PMCID: PMC6288428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids, a group of acidic sugars abundantly expressed in the tissues of deuterostome animals but rarely found in microbes, serve as a "signature of self" for these animals. Cognate sensors for sialic acids include Siglecs, a family of transmembrane lectins of vertebrate immune systems that recognize glycans containing sialic acids. A type of sialic acid called N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is abundant in many mammalian lineages including great apes, the closest extant relatives of modern human, but was lost in the lineage leading to modern human via the pseudogenization of the CMAH gene encoding the enzyme that converts N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) to Neu5Gc. Loss of Neu5Gc appears to have influenced the evolution of human Siglecs, such as the adjustment of sialic acid binding preferences and the inactivation of at least one Siglec. In addition, various mechanistic studies using model systems and genetic association studies have revealed that some human Siglecs interact with pathogens and influence the outcome of infections, and these pathogens in turn likely influence the evolution of these Siglecs. By understanding the evolutionary forces affecting Siglecs, we shall achieve a better appreciation of Siglec functions, and by understanding Siglec functions, we can obtain deeper insight into the evolutionary processes driving Siglec evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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33
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Yu Y, Blokhuis BRJ, Diks MAP, Keshavarzian A, Garssen J, Redegeld FA. Functional Inhibitory Siglec-6 Is Upregulated in Human Colorectal Cancer-Associated Mast Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2138. [PMID: 30294327 PMCID: PMC6159741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) accumulate in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the relationship between MC density and cancer progression has been well recognized. MC can be either pro-tumor or anti-tumor players, depending on the local factors present in the tumor microenvironment. Upon malignant transformation, cancer cells express high levels of sialic acids on cell membrane or by secretion. Siglecs are a family of immunoglobulin-like receptors that bind sialic acids and each subtype has a distinct pattern of expression on immune cells. Among them, Siglec-6 is expressed predominately by MC. However, the function of Siglec-6 in MC is largely unexplored and whether it is expressed by CRC-associated MC remains unknown. In this study, we explored the function of Siglec-6 in CD34+ derived human MC. MC activation was initiated by IgE crosslinking with or without preincubation of anti-Siglec-6 Ab. Siglec-6 engagement significantly attenuated IgE-dependent MC degranulation as measured by ß-hexosaminidase release and CD63 expression. Interestingly, the production of GM-CSF was also shown reduced upon Siglec-6 engagement. To mimic the milieu of CRC, we cultured primary human MC with colon cancer cells or under hypoxia and Siglec-6 was then measured on these conditioned MC. Coculture with colon cancer cells (HT29 and Caco2) induced upregulation of Siglec-6 on MC. In comparison, normal colon cells (CCD841) had no effect. Also, a time-dependent increase of Siglec-6 by MC was observed under 1% O2. Immunohistochemistry of CRC tissue showed expression of Siglec-6 by MC in submucosa. Lectin immunochemistry revealed the presence of actual ligands for Siglec-6 in human CRC tissues. Together, our findings illustrate that Siglec-6 is a functionally inhibitory receptor on MC and suggest that Siglec-6 expression may be relevant for MC activity in the tumor microenvironment of CRC.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD34/immunology
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Biopsy
- Caco-2 Cells
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Coculture Techniques
- Colorectal Neoplasms/immunology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- HT29 Cells
- Humans
- Lectins/immunology
- Lectins/metabolism
- Mast Cells/immunology
- Mast Cells/metabolism
- Primary Cell Culture
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Yu
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bart R. J. Blokhuis
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mara A. P. Diks
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frank A. Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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34
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Abstract
Mast cells are present at a low frequency in bone marrow, rendering high-sensitivity multiparametric flow cytometric analysis an ideal method to assess antigen expression on mast cells. This article discusses the normal antigen expression profile of mast cells, established criteria to identify neoplastic mast cells, and new immunophenotypic markers and approaches to identify the presence of neoplastic mast cells in cases of mastocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Cortazar
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David M Dorfman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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35
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O’Sullivan JA, Carroll DJ, Bochner BS. Glycobiology of Eosinophilic Inflammation: Contributions of Siglecs, Glycans, and Other Glycan-Binding Proteins. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:116. [PMID: 28824909 PMCID: PMC5539825 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The historical focus on protein-protein interactions in biological systems, at the expense of attention given to interactions between other classes of molecules, has overlooked important and clinically relevant processes and points of potential clinical intervention. For example, the significance of protein-carbohydrate interactions, especially in the regulation of immune responses, has recently received greater recognition and appreciation. This review discusses several ways by which cell-surface lectin-glycan interactions can modulate eosinophil function, particularly at the levels of eosinophil recruitment and survival, and how such interactions can be exploited therapeutically. A primary focus is on discoveries concerning Siglec-8, a glycan-binding protein selectively expressed on human eosinophils, and its closest functional paralog in the mouse, Siglec-F. Recent advances in the synthesis of polymeric ligands, the identification of physiological ligands for Siglec-8 and Siglec-F in the airway, and the determination of the basis of glycan ligand discrimination of Siglec-8 are discussed. Important similarities and differences between these siglecs are outlined. Eosinophil expression of additional glycan-binding proteins or their glycan ligands, including interactions involving members of the selectin, galectin, and siglec families, is summarized. The roles of these molecules in eosinophil recruitment, survival, and inflammation are described. Finally, the modulation of these interactions and potential therapeutic exploitation of glycan-binding proteins and their ligands to ameliorate eosinophil-associated diseases are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. O’Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Daniela J. Carroll
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bruce S. Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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Johnston LK, Bryce PJ. Understanding Interleukin 33 and Its Roles in Eosinophil Development. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:51. [PMID: 28512632 PMCID: PMC5411415 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, significant interest in the contribution of three “epithelial-derived cytokines,” such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin 25, and interleukin 33 (IL-33), has developed. These cytokines have been strongly linked to the early events that occur during allergen exposures and how they contribute to the subsequent type 2 immune response. Of these three cytokines, IL-33 has proven particularly interesting because of the strong associations found between both it and its receptor, ST2, in several genome-wide association studies of allergic diseases. Further work has demonstrated clear mechanisms through which this cytokine might orchestrate allergic inflammation, including activation of several key effector cells that possess high ST2 levels, including mast cells, basophils, innate lymphoid cells, and eosinophils. Despite this, controversies surrounding IL-33 seem to suggest the biology of this cytokine might not be as simple as current dogmas suggest including: the relevant cellular sources of IL-33, with significant evidence for inducible expression in some hematopoietic cells; the mechanistic contributions of nuclear localization vs secretion; secretion and processing mechanisms; and the biological consequences of IL-33 exposure on different cell types. In this review, we will address the evidence for IL-33 and ST2 regulation over eosinophils and how this may contribute to allergic diseases. In particular, we focus on the accumulating evidence for a role of IL-33 in regulating hematopoiesis and how this relates to eosinophils as well as how this may provide new concepts for how the progression of allergy is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Johnston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul J Bryce
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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37
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Gangwar RS, Landolina N, Arpinati L, Levi-Schaffer F. Mast cell and eosinophil surface receptors as targets for anti-allergic therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 170:37-63. [PMID: 27773785 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roopesh Singh Gangwar
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nadine Landolina
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ludovica Arpinati
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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38
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Teodosio C, Mayado A, Sánchez-Muñoz L, Morgado JM, Jara-Acevedo M, Álvarez-Twose I, García-Montero AC, Matito A, Caldas C, Escribano L, Orfao A. The immunophenotype of mast cells and its utility in the diagnostic work-up of systemic mastocytosis. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 97:49-59. [PMID: 25381388 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5ru0614-296r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SM comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders, characterized by an abnormal accumulation of clonal MCs in 1 or more tissues, frequently involving the skin and BM. Despite the fact that most adult patients (>90%) carry the same genetic lesion (D816V KIT mutation), the disease presents with multiple variants with very distinct clinical and biologic features, a diverse prognosis, and different therapeutic requirements. Recent advances in the standardization of the study of BM MC by MFC allowed reproducible identification and characterization of normal/reactive MCs and their precursors, as well as the establishment of the normal MC maturational profiles. Analysis of large groups of patients versus normal/reactive samples has highlighted the existence of aberrant MC phenotypes in SM, which are essential for the diagnosis of the disease. In turn, 3 clearly distinct and altered maturation-associated immunophenotypic profiles have been reported recently in SM, which provide criteria for the distinction between ISM patients with MC-restricted and multilineage KIT mutation; thus, immunphenotyping also contributes to prognostic stratification of ISM, particularly when analysis of the KIT mutation on highly purified BM cells is not routinely available in the diagnostic work-up of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Teodosio
- *Servicio General de Citometría, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular del Cancer-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas/University of Salamanca and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca) and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; and Centro de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Andrea Mayado
- *Servicio General de Citometría, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular del Cancer-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas/University of Salamanca and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca) and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; and Centro de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-Muñoz
- *Servicio General de Citometría, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular del Cancer-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas/University of Salamanca and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca) and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; and Centro de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - José M Morgado
- *Servicio General de Citometría, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular del Cancer-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas/University of Salamanca and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca) and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; and Centro de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - María Jara-Acevedo
- *Servicio General de Citometría, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular del Cancer-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas/University of Salamanca and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca) and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; and Centro de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ivan Álvarez-Twose
- *Servicio General de Citometría, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular del Cancer-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas/University of Salamanca and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca) and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; and Centro de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Andrés C García-Montero
- *Servicio General de Citometría, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular del Cancer-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas/University of Salamanca and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca) and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; and Centro de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Almudena Matito
- *Servicio General de Citometría, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular del Cancer-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas/University of Salamanca and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca) and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; and Centro de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Caldas Caldas
- *Servicio General de Citometría, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular del Cancer-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas/University of Salamanca and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca) and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; and Centro de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Luis Escribano
- *Servicio General de Citometría, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular del Cancer-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas/University of Salamanca and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca) and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; and Centro de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- *Servicio General de Citometría, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular del Cancer-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas/University of Salamanca and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca) and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; and Centro de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
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39
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Molecular targets on mast cells and basophils for novel therapies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:530-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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40
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Prescher H, Schweizer A, Kuhfeldt E, Nitschke L, Brossmer R. Discovery of multifold modified sialosides as human CD22/Siglec-2 ligands with nanomolar activity on B-cells. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1444-50. [PMID: 24807582 DOI: 10.1021/cb400952v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acids are abundant in higher domains of life and lectins recognizing sialosaccharides are heavily involved in the regulation of the human immune system. Modified sialosides are useful tools to explore the functions of those lectins, especially members of the Siglec (sialic acid binding immunoglobulin like lectin) family. Here we report design, synthesis, and affinity evaluation of novel sialoside classes with combined modification at positions 2, 4, and 9 or 2, 3, 4, and 9 of the sialic acid scaffold as human CD22 (human Siglec-2) ligands. They display up to 7.5 × 10(5)-fold increased affinity over αMe Neu5Ac (the minimal Siglec ligand). CD22 is a negative regulating coreceptor of the B-cell receptor (BCR). In vitro experiments with a human B-lymphocyte cell line showed functional blocking of CD22 upon B-cell receptor (BCR) stimulation in the presence of nanomolar concentrations of the novel ligands. The observed increased Ca(2+) response corresponds to enhanced cell activation, providing an opportunity to therapeutically modulate B-lymphocyte responses, e.g., in immune deficiencies and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Astrid Schweizer
- Chair
of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen,Germany
| | | | - Lars Nitschke
- Chair
of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen,Germany
| | - Reinhard Brossmer
- Biochemistry
Center, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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41
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Mizrahi S, Gibbs BF, Karra L, Ben-Zimra M, Levi-Schaffer F. Siglec-7 is an inhibitory receptor on human mast cells and basophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:230-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Sánchez-Muñoz L, Teodosio C, Morgado JMT, Perbellini O, Mayado A, Alvarez-Twose I, Matito A, Jara-Acevedo M, García-Montero AC, Orfao A, Escribano L. Flow Cytometry in Mastocytosis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2014; 34:297-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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43
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Morgado JM, Sánchez-Muñoz L, Teodósio C, Escribano L. Identification and immunophenotypic characterization of normal and pathological mast cells. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1192:205-226. [PMID: 25149495 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1173-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are secretory cells that are central players in human allergic disease and immune responses. With the exception of a few pathological situations, MCs are usually present at relatively low frequencies in most tissues. Since their first description, MCs in tissues were identified mostly using their morphological characteristics and their typical coloration when stained with aniline dyes. However, increasing availability of highly specific antibodies now permits the use of fluorescence-based flow cytometry as the method of choice for the quantification, characterization, and purification of cells in suspension. This technique allows for a rapid analysis of thousands of events and for the identification of cells present at frequencies as low as one event in 10(6) unwanted cells. This method also permits for simultaneous characterization of multiple antigens at a single-cell level, which is ideal in order to study rare populations of cells like MCs. Here we describe the basis of flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping applied to the study of MC. The protocol focuses on the study of human MCs present in body fluids (mainly bone marrow) but can easily be adapted to study MCs from other tissues and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Mário Morgado
- Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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44
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Effect of anti-siglec-f antibody and reactive oxygen species blocking on histamine release in urinary bladder of ovalbumin-treated mice. Int Neurourol J 2012; 16:122-5. [PMID: 23094217 PMCID: PMC3469830 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2012.16.3.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin (Siglec) is an immune inhibitory receptor that plays a role in the negative regulation of the activation of immune cells. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of anti-Siglec-F on plasma and urinary histamine levels in ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged urinary bladder in mice. Methods Thirty BALB/c mice were used. In group I (control group, n=5), mice were sensitized with OVA and challenged with saline. In group II (OVA challenge group, n=5), OVA was used for intraperitoneal sensitization and intravesical challenge. The challenged mice in group III (control immunoglobulin G [IgG] group, n=5) and those in group IV (anti-Siglec-F group, n=5) were intraperitoneally pretreated with rabbit control IgG or anti-Siglec-F antibody, respectively. In groups V (N-acetylcysteine [NAC] in OVA challenge group, n=5) and VI (control NAC only, n=5), mice were pretreated with NAC. Results Urinary histamine concentrations were significantly higher 7 days after intravesical OVA challenge (P<0.01), whereas plasma histamine levels were not. Pretreatment with anti-Siglec-F antibody significantly prevented the increase in urinary histamine release (P<0.05), whereas pretreatment with the IgG antibody control did not. Also, pretreatment of the OVA challenge group with NAC did not affect the histamine concentration in either urine or plasma. Conclusions Systemic anti-Siglec-F treatment showed anti-allergic effects at least on local histamine release, particularly in the lower urinary bladder.
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45
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Kiwamoto T, Kawasaki N, Paulson JC, Bochner BS. Siglec-8 as a drugable target to treat eosinophil and mast cell-associated conditions. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 135:327-36. [PMID: 22749793 PMCID: PMC3587973 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Siglecs (sialic acid immunoglobulin-like lectins) are members of the immunoglobulin gene family that contain sialoside binding N-terminal domains. They are cell surface proteins found predominantly on cells of the immune system. Among them, Siglec-8 is uniquely expressed by human eosinophils and mast cells, as well as basophils. Engaging this structure with antibodies or glycan ligands results in apoptosis in human eosinophils and inhibition of release of preformed and newly generated mediators from human mast cells without affecting their survival. Pro-apoptotic effects are also seen when its closest functional paralog, Siglec-F, on mouse eosinophils is similarly engaged in vitro, and beneficial effects are observed after administration of Siglec-F antibody using models of eosinophilic pulmonary and gastrointestinal inflammation in vivo. Siglec-8 targeting may thus provide a means to specifically inhibit or deplete these cell types. Cell-directed therapies are increasingly sought after by the pharmaceutical industry for their potential to reduce side effects and increase safety. The challenge is to identify suitable targets on the cell type of interest, and selectively deliver a therapeutic agent. By targeting Siglec-8, monoclonal antibodies and glycan ligand-conjugated nanoparticles may be ideally suited for treatment of eosinophil and mast cell-related diseases, such as asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic urticaria, hypereosinophilic syndromes, mast cell and eosinophil malignancies and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kiwamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Norihito Kawasaki
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - James C. Paulson
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Bruce S. Bochner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Wen T, Mingler MK, Blanchard C, Wahl B, Pabst O, Rothenberg ME. The pan-B cell marker CD22 is expressed on gastrointestinal eosinophils and negatively regulates tissue eosinophilia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 188:1075-82. [PMID: 22190185 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CD22 is currently recognized as a B cell-specific Siglec and has been exploited therapeutically with humanized anti-CD22 mAb having been used against B cell leukemia. In this study, tissue-specific eosinophil mRNA microarray analysis identified that CD22 transcript levels of murine gastrointestinal (GI) eosinophils are 10-fold higher than those of lung eosinophils. To confirm the mRNA data at the protein level, we developed a FACS-based protocol designed to phenotype live GI eosinophils isolated from the murine lamina propria. Indeed, we found that jejunum eosinophils expressed remarkably high levels of surface CD22, similar to levels found in B cells across multiple mouse strains. In contrast, CD22 was undetectable on eosinophils from the colon, blood, thymus, spleen, uterus, peritoneal cavity, and allergen-challenged lung. Eosinophils isolated from newborn mice did not express CD22 but subsequently upregulated CD22 expression to adult levels within the first 10 d after birth. The GI lamina propria from CD22 gene-targeted mice harbored more eosinophils than wild type control mice, whereas the GI eosinophil turnover rate was unaltered in the absence of CD22. Our findings identify a novel expression pattern and tissue eosinophilia-regulating function for the "B cell-specific" inhibitory molecule CD22 on GI eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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47
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Stamova S, Cartellieri M, Feldmann A, Arndt C, Koristka S, Bartsch H, Bippes CC, Wehner R, Schmitz M, von Bonin M, Bornhäuser M, Ehninger G, Bachmann M. Unexpected recombinations in single chain bispecific anti-CD3-anti-CD33 antibodies can be avoided by a novel linker module. Mol Immunol 2011; 49:474-82. [PMID: 22014687 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
CD33 is an attractive immunotarget on the surface of tumor cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In a first attempt for immunotargeting of AML blasts we constructed two bispecific antibodies in the single chain bispecific diabody (scBsDb) format by fusing the variable domains of monoclonal antibodies directed against CD3 and CD33. Unfortunately, protein expression of both scBsDbs resulted in varying mixtures of fragmented and full length proteins. As the non-functional fragments competed with the functional full length antibodies we tried to understand the reason for the fragmentation. We found that the anti-CD3 and anti-CD33 antibody genes show striking sequence homologies: during B cell development the same V(h) J558 heavy and V(l) kk4 light chain genes were selected. Moreover, the closely related D genes DSP2 (9 and 11) were combined with the same JH4 gene. And finally, during VJ recombination of the light chain the same JK5 element was selected. These homologies between the two monoclonal antibodies were the reason for recombinations in the cell lines generated for expression of the scBsDbs. Finally, we solved this problem by (i) rearranging the order of the heavy and light chains of the anti-CD3 and anti-CD33 domains, and (ii) a replacement of one of the commonly used glycine serine linkers with a novel linker domain. The resulting bispecific antibody in a single chain bispecific tandem format (scBsTaFv) was stable and capable of redirecting T cells to CD33-positive tumor cells including AML blasts of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slava Stamova
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Developmental, malignancy-related, and cross-species analysis of eosinophil, mast cell, and basophil siglec-8 expression. J Clin Immunol 2011; 31:1045-53. [PMID: 21938510 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-011-9589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine when during hematopoiesis Siglec-8 gets expressed, whether it is expressed on hematologic malignancies, and if there are other non-human species that express Siglec-8. METHODS Siglec-8 mRNA and cell surface expression was monitored during in vitro maturation of human eosinophils and mast cells. Flow cytometry was performed on human blood and bone marrow samples, and on blood samples from dogs, baboons, and rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. RESULTS Siglec-8 is a late maturation marker. It is detectable on eosinophils and basophils from subjects with chronic eosinophilic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and on malignant and non-malignant bone marrow mast cells, as well as the HMC-1.2 cell line. None of the Siglec-8 monoclonal antibodies tested recognized leukocytes from dogs, baboons, and rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. CONCLUSIONS Siglec-8-based therapies should not target immature human leukocytes but should recognize mature and malignant eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils. So far, there is no suitable species for preclinical testing of Siglec-8 monoclonal antibodies.
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North SJ, von Gunten S, Antonopoulos A, Trollope A, MacGlashan DW, Jang-Lee J, Dell A, Metcalfe DD, Kirshenbaum AS, Bochner BS, Haslam SM. Glycomic analysis of human mast cells, eosinophils and basophils. Glycobiology 2011; 22:12-22. [PMID: 21725073 PMCID: PMC3230278 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In allergic diseases such as asthma, eosinophils, basophils and mast cells, through release of preformed and newly generated mediators, granule proteins and cytokines, are recognized as key effector cells. While their surface protein phenotypes, mediator release profiles, ontogeny, cell trafficking and genomes have been generally explored and compared, there has yet to be any thorough analysis and comparison of their glycomes. Such studies are critical to understand the contribution of carbohydrates to the induction and regulation of allergic inflammatory responses and are now possible using improved technologies for detecting and characterizing cell-derived glycans. We thus report here the application of high-sensitivity mass spectrometric-based glycomics methodologies to the analysis of N-linked glycans derived from isolated populations of human mast cells, eosinophils and basophils. The samples were subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) screening analyses and MALDI-TOF/TOF sequencing studies. Results reveal substantive quantities of terminal N-acetylglucosamine containing structures in both the eosinophil and the basophil samples, whereas mast cells display greater relative quantities of sialylated terminal epitopes. For the first time, we characterize the cell surface glycan structures of principal allergic effector cells, which by interaction with glycan-binding proteins (e.g. lectins) have the possibility to dictate cellular functions, and might thus have important implications for the pathogenesis of inflammatory and allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J North
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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50
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Potential targeting of siglecs, mast cell inhibitory receptors, in interstitial cystitis. Int Neurourol J 2011; 15:61-3. [PMID: 21811694 PMCID: PMC3138845 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2011.15.2.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cell increases and activation are detected in the chronic inflammatory bladder disease interstitial cystitis (IC), and their proinflammatory mediators are felt to contribute to regional pelvic pain and inflammatory pathophysiology. The immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif-containing sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) expressed in mast cells could be evaluated as in vivo signaling regulators capable of inhibiting IC-related mast cell activation.
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