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Bendixen C, Brosens E, Chung WK. Genetic Diagnostic Strategies and Counseling for Families Affected by Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2021; 31:472-481. [PMID: 34911129 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a relatively common and severe birth defect with variable clinical outcome and associated malformations in up to 60% of patients. Mortality and morbidity remain high despite advances in pre-, intra-, and postnatal management. We review the current literature and give an overview about the genetics of CDH to provide guidelines for clinicians with respect to genetic diagnostics and counseling for families. Until recently, the common practice was (molecular) karyotyping or chromosome microarray if the CDH diagnosis is made prenatally with a 10% diagnostic yield. Undiagnosed patients can be reflexed to trio exome/genome sequencing with an additional diagnostic yield of 10 to 20%. Even with a genetic diagnosis, there can be a range of clinical outcomes. All families with a child with CDH with or without additional malformations should be offered genetic counseling and testing in a family-based trio approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Bendixen
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Erwin Brosens
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wendy Kay Chung
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
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2
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Cannata G, Caporilli C, Grassi F, Perrone S, Esposito S. Management of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH): Role of Molecular Genetics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126353. [PMID: 34198563 PMCID: PMC8231903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a relatively common major life-threatening birth defect that results in significant mortality and morbidity depending primarily on lung hypoplasia, persistent pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac dysfunction. Despite its clinical relevance, CDH multifactorial etiology is still not completely understood. We reviewed current knowledge on normal diaphragm development and summarized genetic mutations and related pathways as well as cellular mechanisms involved in CDH. Our literature analysis showed that the discovery of harmful de novo variants in the fetus could constitute an important tool for the medical team during pregnancy, counselling, and childbirth. A better insight into the mechanisms regulating diaphragm development and genetic causes leading to CDH appeared essential to the development of new therapeutic strategies and evidence-based genetic counselling to parents. Integrated sequencing, development, and bioinformatics strategies could direct future functional studies on CDH; could be applied to cohorts and consortia for CDH and other birth defects; and could pave the way for potential therapies by providing molecular targets for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cannata
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.C.); (C.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Chiara Caporilli
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.C.); (C.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Federica Grassi
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.C.); (C.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Serafina Perrone
- Neonatology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.C.); (C.C.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-7047
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Wagner-Mahler K, Kurzenne JY, Gastaud F, Hoflack M, Panaia Ferrari P, Berard E, Giuliano F, Karmous-Benailly H, Moceri P, Jouannelle C, Bourcier M, Robart E, Morel Y. Is interstitial 8p23 microdeletion responsible of 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis? One case report from birth to puberty. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e558. [PMID: 30690934 PMCID: PMC6418366 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome 8p deletions are associated with a variety of conditions, including cardiac abnormalities, mental, behavioral problems with variable morphotype and genitourinary anomalies in boys. METHODS We describe the follow-up over almost 15 years of a boy who initially presented with perineal hypospadias with a micropenis and cryptorchidism with 46,XY DSD. RESULTS Imaging, pathology, and hormonal exploration suggested gonadal dysgenesis. Further genetic studies were deemed necessary during follow-up. The child's further development recommended further genetic analyses. High-resolution analysis showed an interstitial deletion on the short arm of a chromosome 8: 46,XY,del(8)(p23.1p23.1). We reviewed the literature and found 102 cases including 54 boys: 62.7% had mental problems, 50.9% a dysmorphic disorder, 55.9% cardiac anomalies, and 46.3% of the boys had genitourinary anomalies. Our patient's genital abnormalities can be explained by the haploinsufficiency of the genes, such as GATA4 (OMIM 600576) that are included in the deleted area. CONCLUSION This case of severe 46,XY DSD raises the question of the role played by 8p23 microdeletion in gonadal dysgenesis. Clinicians are encouraged to look for this anomaly on chromosome 8 in cases of unexplained gonadal dysgenesis even when few signs suggestive of this anomaly are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Wagner-Mahler
- Département de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Nice, Nice, France.,Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU Lenval, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Yves Kurzenne
- Département de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Nice, Nice, France.,Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU Lenval, Nice, France
| | | | - Marie Hoflack
- Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU Lenval, Nice, France
| | | | - Etienne Berard
- Département de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Nice, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Pamela Moceri
- Département de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier de Nice, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Elise Robart
- Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU Lenval, Nice, France
| | - Yves Morel
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon - HCL GH Est, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Bron, France
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4
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Pope K, Samanich J, Ramesh KH, Cannizzaro L, Pan Q, Babcock M. Dextrocardia, atrial septal defect, severe developmental delay, facial anomalies, and supernumerary ribs in a child with a complex unbalanced 8;22 translocation including partial 8p duplication. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:641-7. [PMID: 22302699 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report on a child with dextrocardia, atrial septal defect (ASD), severe developmental delay, hypotonia, 13 pairs of ribs, left preauricular choristoma, hirsutism, and craniofacial abnormalities. Prenatal cytogenetic evaluation showed karyotype 46,XY,?dup(8p)ish del(8)pter. Postnatal array CGH demonstrated a 6.8 Mb terminal deletion at 8p23.3-p23, an interstitial 31.1 Mb duplication within 8p23.1-p11, and a terminal duplication of 0.24 Mb at 22q13.33, refining the karyotype to 46,XY,der(8)dup(8)(p23.1p11.1)t(8;22)(p23.1;q13.1).ish der(8)dup(8)(p23.1p11.1)t(8;22)(p23.1;q13.1) (D8S504-,MS607 + ,ARSA + ,D8Z1 + , RP115713 + +). Previous reports of distal 8p deletion, 8p duplication, and distal 22q duplication have shown similar manifestations, including congenital heart disease, intellectual impairment, and multiple minor anomalies. We correlate the patient's clinical findings with these particular areas of copy number. This case study supports the use of aCGH to identify subtle chromosomal rearrangement in infants with cardiac malformation as their most significant or only apparent birth defect. Additionally, it illustrates why aCGH is essential in the description of chromosome rearrangements, even those seemingly visible via routine karyotype. This method shows that there is often greater complexity submicroscopically, essential to an adequate understanding of a patient's genotype and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Pope
- Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10467, USA
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Srisupundit K, Brady PD, Devriendt K, Fryns JP, Cruz-Martinez R, Gratacos E, Deprest JA, Vermeesch JR. Targeted array comparative genomic hybridisation (array CGH) identifies genomic imbalances associated with isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Prenat Diagn 2010; 30:1198-206. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Wat MJ, Shchelochkov OA, Holder AM, Breman AM, Dagli A, Bacino C, Scaglia F, Zori RT, Cheung SW, Scott DA, Kang SHL. Chromosome 8p23.1 deletions as a cause of complex congenital heart defects and diaphragmatic hernia. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:1661-77. [PMID: 19606479 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent interstitial deletion of a region of 8p23.1 flanked by the low copy repeats 8p-OR-REPD and 8p-OR-REPP is associated with a spectrum of anomalies that can include congenital heart malformations and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Haploinsufficiency of GATA4 is thought to play a critical role in the development of these birth defects. We describe two individuals and a monozygotic twin pair discordant for anterior CDH all of whom have complex congenital heart defects caused by this recurrent interstitial deletion as demonstrated by array comparative genomic hybridization. To better define the genotype/phenotype relationships associated with alterations of genes on 8p23.1, we review the spectrum of congenital heart and diaphragmatic defects that have been reported in individuals with isolated GATA4 mutations and interstitial, terminal, and complex chromosomal rearrangements involving the 8p23.1 region. Our findings allow us to clearly define the CDH minimal deleted region on chromosome 8p23.1 and suggest that haploinsufficiency of other genes, in addition to GATA4, may play a role in the severe cardiac and diaphragmatic defects associated with 8p23.1 deletions. These findings also underscore the importance of conducting a careful cytogenetic/molecular analysis of the 8p23.1 region in all prenatal and postnatal cases involving congenital defects of the heart and/or diaphragm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J Wat
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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7
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Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common major malformation affecting 1/3000-1/4000 births, which continues to be associated with significant perinatal mortality. Much current research is focused on elucidating the genetics and pathophysiology contributing to CDH to develop more effective therapies. The latest data suggest that many cases of CDH are genetically determined and also indicate that CDH is etiologically heterogeneous. The present review will provide a brief summary of diaphragm development and model organism work most relevant to human CDH and will primarily describe important human phenotypes associated with CDH and also provide recommendations for diagnostic evaluation of a fetus or infant with CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Pober
- Center for Human Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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8
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Baynam G, Goldblatt J, Walpole I. Deletion of 8p23.1 with features of Cornelia de Lange syndrome and congenital diaphragmatic hernia and a review of deletions of 8p23.1 to 8pter ? A further locus for Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:1565-70. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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9
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Páez MT, Yamamoto T, Hayashi KI, Yasuda T, Harada N, Matsumoto N, Kurosawa K, Furutani Y, Asakawa S, Shimizu N, Matsuoka R. Two patients with atypical interstitial deletions of 8p23.1: Mapping of phenotypical traits. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:1158-65. [PMID: 18393291 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco T Páez
- International Research and Educational Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences (IREIIMS), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Pober BR. Overview of epidemiology, genetics, birth defects, and chromosome abnormalities associated with CDH. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2007; 145C:158-71. [PMID: 17436298 PMCID: PMC2891729 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common and well-studied birth defect. The etiology of most cases remains unknown but increasing evidence points to genetic causation. The data supporting genetic etiologies which are detailed below include the association of CDH with recurring chromosome abnormalities, the existence of CDH-multiplex families, and the co-occurrence of CDH with additional congenital malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara R Pober
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Holder AM, Klaassens M, Tibboel D, de Klein A, Lee B, Scott DA. Genetic factors in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Am J Hum Genet 2007; 80:825-45. [PMID: 17436238 PMCID: PMC1852742 DOI: 10.1086/513442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a relatively common birth defect associated with high mortality and morbidity. Although the exact etiology of most cases of CDH remains unknown, there is a growing body of evidence that genetic factors play an important role in the development of CDH. In this review, we examine key findings that are likely to form the basis for future research in this field. Specific topics include a short overview of normal and abnormal diaphragm development, a discussion of syndromic forms of CDH, a detailed review of chromosomal regions recurrently altered in CDH, a description of the retinoid hypothesis of CDH, and evidence of the roles of specific genes in the development of CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Holder
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Jay PY, Bielinska M, Erlich JM, Mannisto S, Pu WT, Heikinheimo M, Wilson DB. Impaired mesenchymal cell function in Gata4 mutant mice leads to diaphragmatic hernias and primary lung defects. Dev Biol 2007; 301:602-14. [PMID: 17069789 PMCID: PMC1808541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2006] [Revised: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is an often fatal birth defect that is commonly associated with pulmonary hypoplasia and cardiac malformations. Some investigators hypothesize that this constellation of defects results from genetic or environmental triggers that disrupt mesenchymal cell function in not only the primordial diaphragm but also the thoracic organs. The alternative hypothesis is that the displacement of the abdominal viscera in the chest secondarily perturbs the development of the heart and lungs. Recently, loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding FOG-2, a transcriptional co-regulator, have been linked to CDH and pulmonary hypoplasia in humans and mice. Here we show that mutagenesis of the gene for GATA-4, a transcription factor known to functionally interact with FOG-2, predisposes inbred mice to a similar set of birth defects. Analysis of wild-type mouse embryos demonstrated co-expression of Gata4 and Fog2 in mesenchymal cells of the developing diaphragm, lungs, and heart. A significant fraction of C57Bl/6 mice heterozygous for a Gata4 deletion mutation died within 1 day of birth. Developmental defects in the heterozygotes included midline diaphragmatic hernias, dilated distal airways, and cardiac malformations. Heterozygotes had any combination of these defects or none. In chimeric mice, Gata4(-/-) cells retained the capacity to contribute to cells in the diaphragmatic central tendon and lung mesenchyme, indicating that GATA-4 is not required for differentiation of these lineages. We conclude that GATA-4, like its co-regulator FOG-2, is required for proper mesenchymal cell function in the developing diaphragm, lungs, and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y. Jay
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Genetics, Washington University and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Malgorzata Bielinska
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jonathan M. Erlich
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Susanna Mannisto
- Program for Developmental & Reproductive Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki and Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - William T. Pu
- Departments of Cardiology, Pediatrics, & Genetics, Children’s Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Program for Developmental & Reproductive Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki and Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - David B. Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Departments of Molecular Biology & Pharmacology, Washington University and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Bielinska M, Jay PY, Erlich JM, Mannisto S, Urban Z, Heikinheimo M, Wilson DB. Molecular genetics of congenital diaphragmatic defects. Ann Med 2007; 39:261-74. [PMID: 17558598 PMCID: PMC2174621 DOI: 10.1080/07853890701326883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a severe birth defect that is accompanied by malformations of the lung, heart, testis, and other organs. Patients with CDH may have any combination of these extradiaphragmatic defects, suggesting that CDH is often a manifestation of a global embryopathy. This review highlights recent advances in human and mouse genetics that have led to the identification of genes involved in CDH. These include genes for transcription factors, molecules involved in cell migration, and extracellular matrix components. The expression patterns of these genes in the developing embryo suggest that mesenchymal cell function is compromised in the diaphragm and other affected organs in patients with CDH. We discuss potential mechanisms underlying the seemingly random combination of diaphragmatic, pulmonary, cardiovascular, and gonadal defects in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Bielinska
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Patrick Y. Jay
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Jonathan M. Erlich
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Susanna Mannisto
- Program for Developmental & Reproductive Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki and Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zsolt Urban
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Program for Developmental & Reproductive Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki and Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - David B. Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Molecular Biology & Pharmacology, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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López I, Bafalliu JA, Bernabé MC, García F, Costa M, Guillén-Navarro E. Prenatal diagnosis ofde novo deletions of 8p23.1 or 15q26.1 in two fetuses with diaphragmatic hernia and congenital heart defects. Prenat Diagn 2006; 26:577-80. [PMID: 16700088 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To show the importance of using high-resolution chromosome analysis and FISH-technique for finding subtle chromosomal lesions in prenatal diagnosis specially when there are abnormal ultrasound findings. METHODS Ecographic examination of the fetus. GTG banded chromosome and FISH analysis using subtelomeric probes on amniocytes. RESULTS We report two prenatal cases with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and congenital heart defects (CHDs) with different deletions confirmed by FISH: del(8)(p23.1p23.1) and del(15)(q26.1). CONCLUSION These cases support the evidence that the regions 15q26.1 and 8p23.1 may play an important role in the development of the diaphragm. A deletion 8p23.1 or 15q26.1 should be considered whenever a CDH and/or a cardiac abnormality are detected on ultrasound.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple
- Adult
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
- Female
- Fetal Diseases/diagnosis
- Fetal Diseases/genetics
- Heart Defects, Congenital/complications
- Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis
- Heart Defects, Congenital/embryology
- Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics
- Hernia, Diaphragmatic/complications
- Hernia, Diaphragmatic/diagnosis
- Hernia, Diaphragmatic/embryology
- Hernia, Diaphragmatic/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Pregnancy
- Prenatal Diagnosis/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel López
- Centro de Bioquímica y Genética Clínica, Hospital U. Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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Pober BR, Lin A, Russell M, Ackerman KG, Chakravorty S, Strauss B, Westgate MN, Wilson J, Donahoe PK, Holmes LB. Infants with Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia: sibling precurrence and monozygotic twin discordance in a hospital-based malformation surveillance program. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 138A:81-8. [PMID: 16094667 PMCID: PMC2891716 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common and often devastating birth defect. In order to learn more about possible genetic causes, we reviewed and classified 203 cases of the Bochdalek hernia type identified through the Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) Active Malformation Surveillance Program over a 28-year period. Phenotypically, 55% of the cases had isolated CDH, and 45% had complex CDH defined as CDH in association with additional major malformations or as part of a syndrome. When classified according to likely etiology, 17% had a Recognized Genetic etiology for their CDH, while the remaining 83% had No Apparent Genetic etiology. Detailed analysis using this largest cohort of consecutively collected cases of CDH showed low precurrence among siblings. Additionally, there was no concordance for CDH among five monozygotic twin pairs. These findings, in conjunction with previous reports of de novo dominant mutations in patients with CDH, suggest that new mutations may be an important mechanism responsible for CDH. The twin data also raise the possibility that epigenetic abnormalities contribute to the development of CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara R Pober
- Genetics and Teratology, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Shimokawa O, Miyake N, Yoshimura T, Sosonkina N, Harada N, Mizuguchi T, Kondoh S, Kishino T, Ohta T, Remco V, Takashima T, Kinoshita A, Yoshiura K, Niikawa N, Matsumoto N. Molecular characterization of del(8)(p23.1p23.1) in a case of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 136:49-51. [PMID: 15937941 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A 36-week-old fetus was referred to the medical center because of his cystic mass and fluid in left thoracic cavity, and was delivered by cesarean section to manage neonatal problems at 37 weeks of gestation. Emergent surgical repair of the left diaphragmatic hernia was performed, but severe hypoxia persisted, and he expired on the following day. Chromosome analysis of cultured amniotic fluid cells indicated 46,XY,del(8)(p23.1p23.1). This is the fourth case of 8p23.1 deletion associated with diaphragmatic hernia. Microarray comparative genomic hybridization analysis using DNA of cultured amniotic fluid cells showed that six clones were deleted, which were mapped to the region between two low copy repeats (LCRs) at 8p23.1 previously described. Microsatellite analysis revealed that the deletion was of paternal origin, and his parents did not carry 8p23.1 polymorphic inversion. These data strongly suggested that the 8p23.1 interstitial deletion should have arisen through a different mechanism from that of inv dup del(8p) whose structural abnormality is always of maternal origin and accompanies heterozygous 8p23.1 polymorphic inversion in mother.
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Abstract
In a 10-year review of autopsy records from Lutheran General Hospital (1992-2002), 13 cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) were found. The fetuses ranged between 21 and 35 wk of gestation. Four were born alive and five were diagnosed prenatally. The defect was left-sided in 11 cases. Cytogenetic study revealed five cases with normal karyotype and three cases with complex karyotypes. In five cases, no karyotype was performed. The three complex karyotypes were: 46,XX,del(8)(p23.1), 47,XX, +i(12)(p10)[6]/46XX[14] (Pallister-Killian syndrome), and 47,XY,+der(22)t(11:22) (q23.3:q11.2). The unbalanced translocation of chromosomes 11 and 22 in congenital diaphragmatic hernia has not been previously described. Three fetuses had heart abnormalities, including one which was associated with the 8p deletion. The other two had no karyotype study. Neither in this study, nor in the literature, is there a consistent or prevailing association between a specific chromosomal anomaly and CDH. The embryologic closure of the diaphragmatic leaflets may be mediated by a nonstructural chromosomal defect, more than one gene, and/or may be related to abnormalities not currently detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Borys
- Department of Pathology, Lutheran General Hospital, 1775 Dempster Street, 5th Floor Surgical Building, Park Ridge, IL 60068, USA.
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18
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Graw SL, Sample T, Bleskan J, Sujansky E, Patterson D. Cloning, sequencing, and analysis of inv8 chromosome breakpoints associated with recombinant 8 syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 66:1138-44. [PMID: 10712224 PMCID: PMC1288148 DOI: 10.1086/302821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/1999] [Accepted: 12/10/1999] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rec8 syndrome (also known as "recombinant 8 syndrome" and "San Luis Valley syndrome") is a chromosomal disorder found in individuals of Hispanic descent with ancestry from the San Luis Valley of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico. Affected individuals typically have mental retardation, congenital heart defects, seizures, a characteristic facial appearance, and other manifestations. The recombinant chromosome is rec(8)dup(8q)inv(8)(p23.1q22.1), and is derived from a parental pericentric inversion, inv(8)(p23.1q22.1). Here we report on the cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the 8p23.1 and 8q22 breakpoints from the inversion 8 chromosome associated with Rec8 syndrome. Analysis of the breakpoint regions indicates that they are highly repetitive. Of 6 kb surrounding the 8p23.1 breakpoint, 75% consists of repetitive gene family members-including Alu, LINE, and LTR elements-and the inversion took place in a small single-copy region flanked by repetitive elements. Analysis of 3.7 kb surrounding the 8q22 breakpoint region reveals that it is 99% repetitive and contains multiple LTR elements, and that the 8q inversion site is within one of the LTR elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Graw
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, Denver, CO, 80206, USA. . edu
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19
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Reddy KS. A paternally inherited terminal deletion, del(8)(p23.1)pat, detected prenatally in an amniotic fluid sample: a review of deletion 8p23.1 cases. Prenat Diagn 1999; 19:868-72. [PMID: 10521848 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(199909)19:9<868::aid-pd641>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A subtle terminal deletion of the short arm of chromosome 8 with a breakpoint in p23.1 was detected in amniocytes. Parental chromosome studies revealed a similar deletion in the father. The fetus did not have any abnormalities in a level II ultrasound. The pregnancy was continued and resulted in the birth of a baby girl. The child was normal at six months of age and no heart murmur was detected. In a retrospective review of cases in our laboratory, four other cases with a deletion del(8)(p23.1) were found. Three were paediatric cases with microcephaly, developmental delay, ASD, VSD, pulmonic stenosis, congenital and behavioural abnormalities. One was a 29-year-old woman with a mosaic karyotype. She had a history of spontaneous abortions and no known cardiac defect. Using conventional cytogenetics and/or FISH studies with 8p telomere probe and 8 painting probe, the 8p23.1 deletions were shown to be either terminal or interstitial. The karyotype from the prenatal case was compared with the other cases of 8p23.1 deletions in our laboratory to see if there was a discernible difference in the size of the deletion. The deletion in the proband seemed to involve a more distal 8p23.1 breakpoint. In the father's high resolution chromosomes (550-850 band level) the breakpoint appeared to be 8p23.1 approximately 23.2 and FISH studies using an 8p telomeric probe confirmed a terminal deletion. Interstitial deletion of sub-band 8p23.1 was associated with phenotypic abnormalities and distal 8p23.2pter deletion was found in apparently normal individuals, therefore, 8p23.1 appears to be the critical region for clinical abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Reddy
- Cytogenetic Laboratory, Quest Diagnostics Inc., Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92690, USA.
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20
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Bhatia SN, Suri V, Bundy A, Krauss CM. Prenatal detection and mapping of a distal 8p deletion associated with congenital heart disease. Prenat Diagn 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(199909)19:9<863::aid-pd640>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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van Karnebeek CD, Hennekam RC. Associations between chromosomal anomalies and congenital heart defects: a database search. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1999; 84:158-66. [PMID: 10323742 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19990521)84:2<158::aid-ajmg13>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recent technical advances in molecular biology and cytogenetics, as well as a more developmental approach to congenital heart disorders (CHDs), have led to considerable progress in our understanding of their pathogenesis, especially of the important causative role of genetic factors. The complex embryology of the heart suggests the involvement of numerous genes, and hence, numerous chromosomal loci, such as the recently identified 22q11, in normal cardiomorphogenesis. In order to identify other loci, the Human Cytogenetics DataBase was searched for all chromosome anomalies associated with CHD. Through the application of several (arbitrary) criteria we have selected associations occurring so frequently that they may not be forfuituous, suggesting assignment of a gene or genes responsible for specific CHDs to certain chromosome regions. The results of this study may be a first step in the detection of specific chromosome defects responsible for CHD, which will be useful in daily patient care and may provide clues for further cytogenetic and molecular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D van Karnebeek
- Emma Kinderziekenhuis AMC, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Pehlivan T, Pober BR, Brueckner M, Garrett S, Slaugh R, Van Rheeden R, Wilson DB, Watson MS, Hing AV. GATA4 haploinsufficiency in patients with interstitial deletion of chromosome region 8p23.1 and congenital heart disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19990319)83:3<201::aid-ajmg11>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Faivre L, Morichon-Delvallez N, Viot G, Narcy F, Loison S, Mandelbrot L, Aubry MC, Raclin V, Edery P, Munnich A, Vekemans M. Prenatal diagnosis of an 8p23.1 deletion in a fetus with a diaphragmatic hernia and review of the literature. Prenat Diagn 1998; 18:1055-60. [PMID: 9826897 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(1998100)18:10<1055::aid-pd405>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The prenatal diagnosis of an 8p23.1 deletion is reported. The diagnosis was ascertained at 22 weeks of gestation because of the discovery of a diaphragmatic hernia at ultrasound. Following cytogenetic studies and counselling, the pregnancy was terminated. An autopsy confirmed the presence of a diaphragmatic hernia and revealed also the existence of an atrio-ventricular canal (AVC) and an atrial septal defect (ASD). The clinical features of this antenatally diagnosed case are compared with those observed in 16 previously reported cases with an identical deletion of the short arm of chromosome 8. This suggests that a deletion 8p23.1 should be considered whenever a diaphragmatic hernia and/or an AVC is detected on ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Faivre
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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24
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Zahed L, Der Kaloustian V, Batanian J. Familial complex chromosome rearrangement giving rise to balanced and unbalanced recombination products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19980827)79:1<30::aid-ajmg8>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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26
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Devriendt K, Van Schoubroeck D, Eyskens B, Gewillig M, Vandenberghe K, Fryns JP. Prenatal diagnosis of a terminal short arm deletion of chromosome 8 in a fetus with an atrioventricular septal defect. Prenat Diagn 1998; 18:65-7. [PMID: 9483642 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(199801)18:1<65::aid-pd207>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the prenatal diagnosis at 30 weeks of gestation of a del(8)(p21.3-->pter) in a growth-retarded fetus with an unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) and a hypoplastic right ventricle. This observation further confirms the association of AVSD with terminal deletions of chromosome 8p. Terminal deletions of chromosome 8p are more frequent than previously thought, but small terminal deletions can easily be overlooked. This observation illustrates that when an AVSD is diagnosed prenatally, special attention should be paid to distal chromosome 8p.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Devriendt
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, Belgium
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27
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Concolino D, Cinti R, Ferraro L, Moricca MT, Strisciuglio P. Partial trisomy 1(q42-->qter): a new case with a mild phenotype. J Med Genet 1998; 35:75-7. [PMID: 9475102 PMCID: PMC1051194 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.35.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a female patient with a 46,XX,der(8)t(1;8)(q42.1;p23.3) karyotype who had a mild phenotype characterised by a few subtle dysmorphic features and mild developmental retardation, probably resulting from trisomy 1q42-->qter. The deletion on the short arm of the chromosome 8 appeared to be confined to the distal chromosomal segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Concolino
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Reggio Calabria, Ospedale A Pugliese, Catanzaro, Italy
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28
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Siniscalco M. Giorgio Filippi, April 4, 1935-January 19, 1996. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1997; 68:94-7. [PMID: 8986285 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19970110)68:1<94::aid-ajmg19>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Siniscalco
- Sardinian Center for Studies on Genomic Diversity, Cagliari, Italy
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29
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Wu BL, Schneider GH, Sabatino DE, Bozovic LZ, Cao B, Korf BR. Distal 8p deletion (8)(p23.1): an easily missed chromosomal abnormality that may be associated with congenital heart defect and mental retardation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1996; 62:77-83. [PMID: 8779331 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19960301)62:1<77::aid-ajmg16>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe the clinical manifestations and molecular cytogenetic analyses of three patients with a similar distal deletion of chromosome 8. Each child had mild developmental delay and subtle minor anomalies. Two had cardiac anomalies but no other major congenital anomalies were present. High resolution G and R banding showed in all three patients del(8)(p23.1), but the breakpoint in case 1 was distal to 8p23.1, in case 2 was in the middle of 8p23.1, and in case 3 proximal to 8p23.1. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies with a chromosome 8 paint probe confirmed that no other rearrangement had occurred. FISH with a chromosome 8-specific telomere probe indicated that two patients had terminal deletions. Chromosome analysis of the parents of case 1 and mother of case 2 were normal; the remaining parents were not available for study. Thirteen individual patients including the three in this study, and three relatives in one family with del(8)(p23.1), have been reported in the past 5 years. Major congenital anomalies, especially congenital heart defects, are most often associated with a breakpoint proximal to 8p23.1. Three patients were found within a 3-year period in this study and five cases were found within 4 years by another group, indicating that distal 8p deletion might be a relatively common chromosomal abnormality. This small deletion is easily overlooked (i.e., cases 1 and 2 were reported as normal at amniocentesis) and can be associated with few or no major congenital anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Wu
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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30
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Engelen JJ, de Die-Smulders CE, Sijstermans JM, Meers LE, Albrechts JC, Hamers AJ. Familial partial trisomy 8p without dysmorphic features and only mild mental retardation. J Med Genet 1995; 32:792-5. [PMID: 8558557 PMCID: PMC1051702 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.32.10.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on a mother and her two sons who had a direct duplication of chromosome region 8p22-8p23.1 without dysmorphic features and only mild mental retardation. The patients have been studied using G banding, chromosome painting, and FISH using cosmid probes specific for the region 8p23.1-8pter. Comparison of the phenotypes of our patients and of published patients with an inversion duplication of the short arm of chromosome 8 indicates that trisomy for chromosome band 8p21 causes the more severe clinical picture in the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Engelen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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31
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Tsukahara M, Murano I, Aoki Y, Kajii T, Furukawa S. Interstitial deletion of 8p: report of two patients and review of the literature. Clin Genet 1995; 48:41-5. [PMID: 7586643 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1995.tb04052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Two female infants with de novo interstitial deletions of 8p were studied. One with a deletion from p11.21 to p11.23, and the other patient with a deletion from p11.23 to p21.3 had several clinical manifestations of the terminal 8p- syndrome. Band 8p11.23 was deleted in both patients. The clinical manifestations common to both patients included low birthweight, growth deficiency, congenital heart disease, mental retardation, dolichocephaly, low-set, malformed ears, high-arched palate, thin lips and micrognathia. Since these features may occur in most patients with chromosomal imbalance, and the terminal 8p- syndrome has hitherto been assumed to result from terminal deletions of 8p, ranging from p21.3 to p23, it is likely that these features are simply related to the chromosomal imbalance rather than to band specific imbalance of 8p11.23. The present study suggests that two different types of deletion, interstitial and terminal, are associated with still poorly defined, rather non-specific clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tsukahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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32
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Barber JC, James RS, Patch C, Temple IK. Protelomeric sequences are deleted in cases of short arm inverted duplication of chromosome 8. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1994; 50:296-9. [PMID: 8042676 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320500315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a patient with a de novo inverted duplication of the short arm of chromosome 8. Molecular analysis confirmed the cytogenetic suspicion of a simultaneous deletion of the tip of the short arm and indicated the maternal origin of the abnormality. This deletion made no detectable contribution to the phenotype of the patient which was comparable to that of previous cases of 8p duplication. Similar investigations of inverted duplications involving other chromosomes may reveal unexpected deletions with significant phenotypic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Barber
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, United Kingdom
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33
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Digilio MC, Giannotti A, Marino B, Dallapiccola B. Atrioventricular canal and 8p- syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1993; 47:437-8. [PMID: 8135296 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320470331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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34
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Abstract
The clinical manifestations and cytogenetic details of five patients with a de novo deletion of the short arm of chromosome 8, del(8)(p23), are described. Of the four surviving children all had mild mental retardation and subtle facial anomalies; three of the five had cardiac abnormalities. The clinical features seen in these patients are compared with those of three previous single case reports with del(8)(p23), and with patients described as having the '8p-' syndrome associated with del(8)(p21). The findings in these patients suggest that major congenital anomalies, especially congenital heart defects, are frequent even in small distal 8p deletions, but facial dysmorphism may be subtle and mental retardation less severe than in those with deletions associated with more proximal breakpoints. The five patients were detected within a four year period, suggesting that this deletion syndrome is relatively frequent. The possible mechanisms for the formation of terminal deletions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hutchinson
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
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35
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Morrison PJ, Jones J, Nevin NC. Interstitial deletion 8p21.3----p23.1 in a 6-year-old girl. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1992; 42:678-80. [PMID: 1632437 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320420510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a 6-year-old mentally retarded girl. Chromosome analysis showed an interstitial deletion of chromosome 8; 46,XX,del(8) (pter----p23.1::p21.3----qter). The proposita had normal activities of glutathione synthetase reductase (GSR) and factor VII. Parental chromosomes were normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Morrison
- Department of Medical Genetics, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland
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36
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Marino B, Reale A, Giannotti A, Digilio MC, Dallapiccola B. Nonrandom association of atrioventricular canal and del (8p) syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1992; 42:424-7. [PMID: 1609823 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320420404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe a patient with partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 8 with an atrioventricular canal. This type of congenital heart defect was found in 4 of the 7 previously reported del (8p) children with a congenital heart defect in which the cardiac assessment was complete. The prevalence of an atrioventricular canal in this aneuploidy is high and suggests a nonrandom association of the 2 anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Marino
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Genetics, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, Italy
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