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Mazurek-Mochol M, Bonsmann T, Mochol M, Poniewierska-Baran A, Pawlik A. The Role of Interleukin 6 in Periodontitis and Its Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2146. [PMID: 38396821 PMCID: PMC10889213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleomorphic pro-inflammatory cytokine that is strongly associated with local as well as systemic inflammatory processes. Its role in physiological and pathogenic processes throughout the human body has been the subject of numerous studies in recent years. Measurements of the IL-6 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GFC), as well as in serum, can be important diagnostic and prognostic factors in periodontal diseases (PD) and in assessing their impact on a range of related inflammatory diseases. This narrative review explores the significant role of IL-6 in patients with periodontitis and its association with other widespread inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mazurek-Mochol
- Department of Periodontology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.M.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Tobias Bonsmann
- Department of Periodontology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.M.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Martyna Mochol
- Department of Periodontology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.M.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Agata Poniewierska-Baran
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland;
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Kozak M, Dabrowska-Zamojcin E, Mazurek-Mochol M, Pawlik A. Cytokines and Their Genetic Polymorphisms Related to Periodontal Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E4045. [PMID: 33327639 PMCID: PMC7765090 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9124045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the accumulation of bacterial plaque biofilm on the teeth and the host immune responses. PD pathogenesis is complex and includes genetic, environmental, and autoimmune factors. Numerous studies have suggested that the connection of genetic and environmental factors induces the disease process leading to a response by both T cells and B cells and the increased synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines. Many studies have shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines play a significant role in the pathogenesis of PD. The studies have also indicated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytokine genes may be associated with risk and severity of PD. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of selected cytokines and their gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kozak
- Chair and Department of Dental Prosthetics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Dabrowska-Zamojcin
- Department of Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Mazurek-Mochol
- Department of Periodontology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Zheng Y, Chai L, Fan Y, Song YQ, Zee KY, Tu WW, Jin L, Leung WK. Th2 cell regulatory and effector molecules single nucleotide polymorphisms and periodontitis. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1641-1654. [PMID: 32745291 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ma0720-698rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the association between T helper 2 (Th2) cell regulatory and effector molecules' genetic polymorphisms and periodontitis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 11 Th2 cell regulatory or effector molecules genes (CD28, CTLA4, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL9, IL10, IL13, IL4R, GATA3, STAT6, and rs1537415; total 130 SNPs) were studied in Chinese nonsmokers (163 periodontitis-free controls, 141 periodontitis patients) using Sequenom iPlex assays. SNPs potentially associated with periodontitis (adjusted allelic P < 0.1) in this cross-sectional study were further investigated via meta-analysis. Allele G of rs4553808 in promoter of CTLA4 was more frequently detected in periodontitis than controls (P < 0.005), but did not remain significant after age and gender adjustment. Haplotype (GTT) in a block of three CTLA4 SNPs (rs4553808, rs16840252, rs5742909) was significantly associated with periodontitis. Meta-analysis of SNPs identified indicated allele T of CTLA4 rs5742909 (3 studies; 461 control, 369 periodontitis) and allele G of IL6 rs1800796 (18 studies; 2760 control, 2442 periodontitis) were significantly associated with periodontitis (OR = 1.44 and OR = 1.30, respectively). Within limitations of this study, a haplotype of CTLA4 concerning Th2 cell regulation, may be associated with periodontitis in Chinese nonsmokers followed. Meta-analysis indicated rs5742909 of CTLA4 and rs1800796 of IL6 appeared significantly associated with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lei Chai
- Rytime Dental Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanhui Fan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Current address: Phil Rivers Technology, Nanshan District, Haitian Second Road, Shenzhen, China
| | - You-Qiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwan-Yat Zee
- Thornleigh Periodontal Clinic, Thornleigh, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wen Wei Tu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Cirelli T, Nepomuceno R, Rios ACS, Orrico SRP, Cirelli JA, Theodoro LH, Barros SP, Scarel-Caminaga RM. Genetic polymorphisms in the Interleukins IL1B, IL4, and IL6 are associated with concomitant periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Brazilian patients. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:918-930. [PMID: 32648256 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL10, IL1A, IL1B, IL4, TNFA, IL6, OPG, RANK, and RANKL genes, "classically" related with periodontitis, could be associated with susceptibility to T2DM, and also with both diseases concomitantly. BACKGROUND There are common pathogenic mechanisms in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis, but the knowledge of the genetic aspect of this is limited. In patients affected by concomitant T2DM and periodontitis, whose incidence is increasing, there is scarce information regarding the gene-phenotype association, including whether there are genes able to influence both diseases as comorbidities. METHODS Periodontal clinical parameters and biochemical profile (Insulin, Fasting Glycemia, HbA1c, Triglycerides, Total Cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol) data were obtained from 894 individuals divided into following three groups: Healthy (H; n = 347), Periodontitis (P; n = 348), and Periodontitis + T2DM (P + T2DM; n = 199). DNA from oral epithelial cells was collected for genotyping. Associations between SNPs and pathologies were tested by multiple logistic regression models, adjusting for age, sex, and smoking habits. We also investigated whether there are sex or smoking effects of each SNP in these phenotypes. RESULTS The rs1143634-GA (IL1B) SNP showed significantly less likely to develop P + T2DM for all population and mainly for women (adjusted OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.16-0.88), while women carrying the rs224320 CT (IL4) were more susceptible to develop P + T2DM (adjusted OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.04-3.15). Men carrying the rs1800795-CC (IL6) genotype were less likely to develop T2DM (adjusted OR = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.02-0.70, P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Some SNPs in the IL1B, IL4, and IL6 genes demonstrated sex-influenced association with concomitant periodontitis and T2DM, increasing the evidence of a common genetic component between these diseases and contributing with the understanding of their common pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamiris Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Rafael Nepomuceno
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia S Rios
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Silvana R P Orrico
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, Brazil.,Advanced Research Center in Medicine, Union of the Colleges of the Great Lakes (UNILAGO), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Joni A Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Letícia H Theodoro
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araçatuba, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Silvana P Barros
- Department of Periodontology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill-UNC, School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Raquel M Scarel-Caminaga
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, Brazil
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Majumder P, Panda SK, Ghosh S, Dey SK. Interleukin gene polymorphisms in chronic periodontitis: A case-control study in the Indian population. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 101:156-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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NICA REMUS, NICA SILVIA, GOGIANU LARISA, SPANDOLE-DINU SONIA, APIRCIOAIE OANA, ALEXIU OANAANDRADA, TOMA MIAHI, VINTILESCU DORIANA, RADU IRINA, BERCA LAVINIAMARIANA, CIMPONERIU DANUT. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Two Inflammation-Related Genes and Chronic Periodontitis risk in Romanian Adults. ROMANIAN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL LETTERS 2019. [DOI: 10.25083/rbl/24.2/374.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Heidari Z, Moudi B, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H. Immunomodulatory factors gene polymorphisms in chronic periodontitis: an overview. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:29. [PMID: 30755190 PMCID: PMC6373099 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic periodontitis (CP), defines as destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth and resorption of the alveolar bone. It is widespread in human populations and represent an important problem for public health. CP results from inflammatory mechanisms created by the interaction between environmental and host genetic factors that confer the individual susceptibility to the disease. AIM The aim of the current study was to explore and summarize some functional biomarkers that are associated with CP susceptibility. METHODS CP is considered to be a multifactorial disease. The pathogenesis of multifactorial diseases is characterized by various biological pathways. The studies revealed that polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility to periodontal diseases. In other word, genetic variations can change the development of CP. However, there are some conflicting results, because there are different variations in frequency of some alleles in any populations. Therefore, we conducted the current review to completely understanding the special biomarkers for CP. RESULTS There is some evidence that SNPs in the IL-1α, IL-1β, IL1RN, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, TGF-β1, IFN-γ and VDR may be associated with CP susceptibility. CONCLUSION In conclusion, numerous studies have reported the host genetic factors associated with CP susceptibility and related traits. Therefore, it is prevail to study the multiple SNPs and their effects to find the useful diagnosis methods. The current study will investigate the relationship between polymorphisms in cytokine genes and the susceptibility to the chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- 0000 0004 0612 8339grid.488433.0Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran ,0000 0004 0612 8339grid.488433.0Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 98167-43175 Iran
| | - Bita Moudi
- 0000 0004 0612 8339grid.488433.0Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran ,0000 0004 0612 8339grid.488433.0Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 98167-43175 Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb
- 0000 0004 0612 8339grid.488433.0Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran ,0000 0004 0612 8339grid.488433.0Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 98167-43175 Iran
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Zhao B, Li X, Li R. Genetic Relationship Between IL-6 rs1800796 Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Periodontitis. Immunol Invest 2018; 48:268-282. [PMID: 30300034 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1517365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are accumulating reports for the potential role of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) rs1800796 polymorphism in the risk of periodontitis. However, distinct conclusions are observed. In this study, we have an interest in comprehensively analyzing the genetic relationship between IL-6 rs1800796 and the susceptibility to periodontitis. METHODS We retrieved the eligible case-control studies from on-line database and conducted a meta-analysis. P-value of association test, OR (odd ratios) and 95% CI (confidence interval) were calculated for the assessment of potential genetic association. RESULTS We enrolled a total of 20 case-control studies for pooling analysis. A positive association between periodontitis cases and controls was observed in the overall meta-analysis under all genetic models (all P < 0.05, OR > 1). Similar results were detected in the "population-based, PB" and "China" subgroups (all P < 0.05, OR > 1). In the "Asian" subgroup, there is an increased periodontitis risk under the allele, homozygote, heterozygote, dominant and carrier models (all P < 0.05, OR > 1). Nevertheless, negative results were found in the "Caucasian" subgroup under all models [all P > 0.05]. In addition, a positive association between IL-6 rs1800796 and the risk of chronic periodontitis was detected under the models of allele [G vs. C], GG vs. CC, GG vs. CC+ CG and carrier [G vs. C] (all P < 0.05, OR > 1). CONCLUSION IL-6 rs1800796 may serve as one genetic risk factor for periodontitis patients in the Asian population, especially the Chinese population. G/G genotype of IL-6 rs1800796 appears to be associated with an increased risk of chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- a Dental Department , Tianjin First Center Hospital , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- a Dental Department , Tianjin First Center Hospital , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghua Li
- a Dental Department , Tianjin First Center Hospital , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
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Toker H, Görgün EP, Korkmaz EM. Analysis of IL-6, IL-10 and NF-κB Gene Polymorphisms in Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis. Cent Eur J Public Health 2017; 25:157-162. [DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Neelofar K, Ahmad J, Ahmad A, Alam K. Study of IL4-590C/T and IL6-174G/C Gene Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease in North Indian Population. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1803-1809. [PMID: 27996163 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To explore the associations between potential functional promoter polymorphisms in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory (IL-4(-590C/T) and IL-6(-174G/C) cytokine genes, and kidney dysfunction in North Indian type 2 diabetic subjects with chronic kidney disease. A total of 150 subjects aged 25-75 year were included in this study. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and serum creatinine were estimated. PCR was performed to analyse genotype distribution in IL-4 (-590T/C) and IL-6 (-174G/C) among healthy, type 2 diabetic patients with or without CKD. The genotype distributions were determined by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. CKD patients showed lower GFR (59.36 ± 1.33 ml/min/1.73 m2 ) and higher serum creatinine (1.93 ± 0.99% mg) level in comparison to diabetic patients without CKD and healthy subjects. Genotypic distribution of the different genotypes among the study groups in IL-4 gene was genotype CC = 30, TC = 12, and TT = 8 in CKD patients. In type 2 diabetic patients without CKD, genotype distribution was CC = 38, TC = 10, and TT = 2. In healthy subjects, distribution of genotype was CC = 35, TC = 14, and TT = 1. The distribution of different genotype among the study groups for IL-6 gene was GG = 27, GC = 20, and CC = 3 in healthy subjects; GG = 28, GC = 19, and CC = 3 in diabetic patients without CKD and GG = 38, GC = 11, and CC = 1 in diabetic patients with CKD. There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotype frequencies between healthy subjects and diabetic patients without CKD but a significant difference was found in diabetic patients with CKD. The functional promoter polymorphisms IL4-590C/T and IL6-174G/C, which affect the IL-4 and IL-6 levels in north Indian subjects, were associated with kidney dysfunction and CKD. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1803-1809, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Km Neelofar
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Jamal Ahmad
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Arif Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - Khursheed Alam
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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Interleukin-6-174G/C Polymorphism Contributes to Periodontitis Susceptibility: An Updated Meta-Analysis of 21 Case-Control Studies. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:9612421. [PMID: 28050060 PMCID: PMC5168484 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9612421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Chronic Periodontitis (CP) is suggested to be related to gene variations. Present study aims to quantitatively estimate the association between interleukin-6- (IL-6-) 174G/C polymorphism and CP susceptibility. Materials and Methods. Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched up to May 2016. The meta-analyses were performed using STATA 12.0. Results. 21 studies were yielded. Significant associations were found under heterozygote comparison and dominant model in studies fulfilling HWE (GC versus GG: OR = 0.690, 95% CI = 0.560–0.849, P = 0.000; CC + GC versus GG: OR = 0.690, 95% CI = 0.568–0.838, P < 0.001); significant associations were found under heterozygote comparison and dominant model in Caucasian studies fulfilling HWE (GC versus GG: OR = 0.752, 95% CI = 0.577–0.980, P = 0.035; CC + GC versus GG: OR = 0.737, 95% CI = 0.576–0.944, P = 0.016); significant associations were found under allele comparison, heterozygote comparison, and dominant model in Brazilian population (C versus G: OR = 0.648, 95% CI = 0.497–0.845, P = 0.001; GC versus GG: OR = 0.621, 95% CI = 0.441–0.876, P = 0.007; CC + GC versus GG: OR = 0.649, 95% CI = 0.470–0.896, P = 0.009). Conclusion. IL-6 174 polymorphism is associated with CP susceptibility. In Brazilian and Caucasian population, IL-6 174 GG genotype plays as a risk factor to CP.
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Chen D, Liu S, Chen S, Wang Z, Wu Z, Ma K, Fan J, Peng Z. Donor interleukin 6 gene polymorphisms predict the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. Int J Clin Oncol 2016; 21:1111-1119. [PMID: 27368337 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-016-1001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Application of the Milan criteria is an effective strategy to select patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for liver transplantation, but HCC recurrence is still a major concern. The aim of this study was to determine whether interleukin 6 (IL6) polymorphisms and clinical variables are potential predictors for HCC recurrence and prognosis after transplantation. METHODS A total of 110 consecutive patients with HCC undergoing liver transplantation were enrolled in the study. Six tag single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL6 were genotyped in both the donors and recipients. Demographic characteristics, HCC features, and IL6 polymorphisms were assessed against HCC recurrence. RESULTS Pretransplant hepatitis B virus DNA (P = 0.014), pretransplant serum alpha-fetoprotein (P = 0.035), number of nodules (P = 0.011), diameter of main nodule (P = 0.001), macrovascular invasion (P = 0.001), microvascular invasion (P = 0.001), HCC exceeding the Milan criteria (P < 0.001), and donor rs2069852 AA genotype (P = 0.010) were associated with HCC recurrence. Recurrence-free survival rate and overall survival rate were significantly lower (P = 0.011 and P = 0.026, respectively) in patients whose donor had the rs2069852 AA genotype than in those whose donor had the AG and GG genotypes. Independent risk factors for recurrence-free survival and overall survival were microvascular invasion (P = 0.003; P = 0.002), HCC exceeding the Milan criteria (P < 0.001; P = 0.001), and donor rs2069852 AA genotype (P = 0.002; P = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that donor IL6 rs2069852 polymorphisms may be a potential genetic marker for HCC recurrence after liver transplantation in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Shuanghai Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Zhaowen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehua Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junwei Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, 200080, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, 200080, Shanghai, China.
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Suma S, Naito M, Wakai K, Sasakabe T, Hattori Y, Okada R, Kawai S, Hishida A, Morita E, Nakagawa H, Tamura T, Hamajima N. Effects ofIL6C-634G polymorphism on tooth loss and their interaction with smoking habits. Oral Dis 2015; 21:807-13. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Suma
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - M Naito
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - K Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - T Sasakabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Y Hattori
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - R Okada
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - S Kawai
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - A Hishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - E Morita
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - H Nakagawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
- Division of Epidemiology & Prevention; Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute; Nagoya Japan
| | - T Tamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine; Gifu Japan
| | - N Hamajima
- Department of Healthcare Administration; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
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Relationships between IL-6 gene polymorphism, low BMD and periodontitis in postmenopausal women. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:533-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chen D, Fan J, Guo F, Qin S, Wang Z, Peng Z. Novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in interleukin 6 affect tacrolimus metabolism in liver transplant patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73405. [PMID: 23991193 PMCID: PMC3753270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tacrolimus is the first-line immunosuppressant after organ transplantation. It is mainly metabolized by cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A (CYP3A) enzymes, but there are large individual differences in metabolism. Interleukin 6 (IL6) has been shown to cause a pan-suppression of mRNA levels of ten major CYP enzymes in human hepatocyte cultures. IL6 has been shown to provide hepatoprotection in various models of liver injury. Rs1800796 is a locus in the IL6 gene promoter region which regulates cytokine production. We speculated that IL6 rs1800796 polymorphisms may lead to individual differences in tacrolimus metabolism by affecting CYP3A enzymes levels and liver function after liver transplantation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Ninety-six liver transplant patients receiving tacrolimus were enrolled in the study. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), CYP3A5 rs776746 and IL6 rs1800796, were genotyped in both donors and recipients. The effects of SNPs on tacrolimus concentration/dose (C/D ratio) at four weeks after transplantation were studied, as well as the effects of donor IL6 rs1800796 polymorphisms on liver function. Both donor and recipient CYP3A5 rs776746 allele A showed association with lower C/D ratios, while donor IL6 rs1800796 allele G showed an association with higher C/D ratios. Donor CYP3A5 rs776746 allele A, IL6 rs1800796 allele C, and recipient CYP3A5 rs776746 allele A were associated with fast tacrolimus metabolism. With increasing numbers of these alleles, patients were found to have increasingly lower tacrolimus C/D ratios at time points after transplantation. Donor IL6 rs1800796 allele G carriers showed an association with higher glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels. CONCLUSIONS Combined analysis of donor CYP3A5 rs776746, IL6 rs1800796, and recipient CYP3A5 rs776746 polymorphisms may distinguish tacrolimus metabolism better than CYP3A5 rs776746 alone. IL6 may lead to individual differences in tacrolimus metabolism mainly by affecting liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junwei Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengying Qin
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Genomepilot Institutes for Genomics and Human Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaowen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (ZW); (ZP)
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (ZW); (ZP)
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Investigating the association between oral hygiene and head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2013; 49:1010-7. [PMID: 23948049 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This analysis examined the association between oral hygiene and head and neck cancer (HNC) and whether this association differed by the consumption of alcohol, betel quid, or cigarette and by the genetic polymorphisms of inflammation-related genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Interviews regarding dental care and oral health were conducted with 317 HNC cases and 296 controls. Genotyping was performed for 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL6, IL10 and PTGS2. RESULTS A positive association was observed between HNC and no regular dental visits (odds ratio (OR)=2.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.47-5.57), brushing teeth <2times/day (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.02-2.23), frequent gum bleeding (OR=3.15, 95% CI: 1.36-7.28), and loss of >20 teeth (OR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.05-5.07). Analysis with dental care score (range: 0-4, 4=worst dental care), which combined regular dental visits, toothbrushing, and use of dental floss and mouthwash, showed a positive trend with HNC risk, particularly among alcohol drinkers and cigarette smokers. Multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis divided the study subjects into high- and low-risk group based on combinations of dental care score and IL6 rs1800796 genotypes. Compared to the low-risk group, the high-risk group had an OR of HNC=2.16 (95% CI: 1.44-3.25). CONCLUSIONS This study observed a positive association between poor oral hygiene and HNC, which appeared to differ by alcohol or cigarette consumption and the genotypes of IL6 rs1800796. Further investigations are needed to determine whether poor oral hygiene is a cause for HNC or a surrogatemarker of an unhealthy lifestyle that increases the risk of HNC.
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Association between tumor necrosis factor-α promoter −308 A/G, −238 A/G, interleukin-6 −174 G/C and −572 G/C polymorphisms and periodontal disease: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5191-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhang HY, Feng L, Wu H, Xie XD. The association of IL-6 and IL-6R gene polymorphisms with chronic periodontitis in a Chinese population. Oral Dis 2013; 20:69-75. [PMID: 23433353 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our investigation is to reveal the association of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) gene polymorphisms with chronic periodontitis in Northwestern Chinese Han Population. MATERIAL AND METHODS A case-control study of 199 cases of chronic periodontitis patients and 216 healthy controls was performed. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole venous blood, and four single nucleotide polymorphisms (IL-6 -572 G/C and -1363 G/T, IL-6R -183 G/A and +48892 A/C) were analysed using polymerase chain reaction, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing methods. RESULTS Our SNP analyses showed that the distribution of the IL-6 -572 G/C and IL-6R -183 G/A polymorphisms did not differ between patients and controls. The frequency of the IL-6 -1363 G/T genotype GG was significantly increased chronic periodontitis cases (P = 0.023, odds ratio (OR) = 2.825 adjusted for gender and age.) The IL-6R +48892 A/C polymorphisms genotype CC was found to be protective against chronic periodontitis (P = 0.004, OR = 0.318 adjusted for gender and age.). In addition, compared with the other haplotypes, haplotype A(+48892) A(-183) was significantly associated with chronic periodontitis, with an odds ratio of 0.720 (P = 0.0235). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the IL-6 -1363 G/T and IL-6R +48892 A/C polymorphisms may contribute to genetic susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in Northwestern Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China; Institute of Hematology, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, Lanzhou, China
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Loo WTY, Fan CB, Bai LJ, Yue Y, Dou YD, Wang M, Liang H, Cheung MNB, Chow LWC, Li JL, Tian Y, Qing L. Gene polymorphism and protein of human pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in Chinese healthy subjects and chronic periodontitis patients. J Transl Med 2012; 10 Suppl 1:S8. [PMID: 23046796 PMCID: PMC3445856 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-s1-s8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease is thought to arise from the interaction of various factors, including the susceptibility of the host, the presence of pathogenic organisms, and the absence of beneficial species. The genetic factors may play a significant role in the risk of periodontal diseases. Cytokines initiate, mediate and control immune and inflammatory responses. The aim of this study is to compare genotypes and soluble protein of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-4) in subjects with or free of chronic periodontitis. METHODS A total of 1,290 Chinese subjects were recruited to this clinical trial: 850 periodontally healthy controls and 440 periodontal patients. All subjects were free of systemic diseases. Oral examinations were performed, and the following parameters were recorded for each subject: supragingival/subgingival calculus, gingival recession, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival recession and tooth mobility. The peripheral blood samples were collected for genetic and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis. Restriction enzymes were used for digestion of amplified fragments of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-4. RESULTS The protein expressions of patient and control samples for IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-4 measured by ELISA confirmed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). The digestion of fragments of various genes showed that the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α and TNF-α, and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 demonstrated a correlation with chronic inflammation in patients (X2: p < 0.001). The remaining genes investigated in patients and healthy subjects (IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-10) did not show any significant difference. CONCLUSIONS The cytokine gene polymorphisms may be used as a marker for periodontitis susceptibility, clinical behaviour and severity. This detection offers early diagnosis and induction of prophylaxis to other family members against disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wings TY Loo
- UNIMED Medical Institute, Hong Kong SAR
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chang-bin Fan
- Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, PRC
| | - Lan-jun Bai
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, No.32, Section 2,1st Ring Road (West), Chengdu, Sichuan, PRC
| | - Yuan Yue
- State Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PRC
| | - Yi-ding Dou
- Jin Hua Dentistry, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PRC
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PRC
| | - Hao Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PRC
| | | | | | - Jin-le Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PRC
| | - Ye Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PRC
| | - Liu Qing
- UNIMED Medical Institute, Hong Kong SAR
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Junli W, Wenjun H, Jinxin L, Legen N, Yesheng W, Fenglian Y. Association of IL-6 polymorphisms with gastric cancer risk: Evidences from a meta-analysis. Cytokine 2012; 59:176-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Sugita N, Kobayashi T, Kikuchi A, Shimada Y, Hirano E, Sasahara J, Tanaka K, Yoshie H. Immunoregulatory gene polymorphisms in Japanese women with preterm births and periodontitis. J Reprod Immunol 2012; 93:94-101. [PMID: 22382006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have reported an association between periodontal disease and preterm birth, although this remains controversial. Cytokines and antibodies produced to give resistance to infection can enter the bloodstream and cause preterm labor. We analyzed maternal genetic polymorphisms in various immunoregulatory genes that could affect both preterm birth and periodontitis. A total of 1099 women referred to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital were candidates for participation, 424 of whom refused, and 553 were excluded. The final number of subjects was 122 (51 with preterm birth, 71 with term birth). Genomic DNA was isolated from venous blood, and 22 polymorphisms were determined: IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-1RN, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNFA, TNFRI, TNFRII, FcγRIIA, FcγRIIB, FcγRIIIA, FcγRIIIB, and FcαR. Within five days of labor, periodontal parameters were evaluated, and bacteria from subgingival plaque were detected using real-time PCR. There was no difference in the prevalence and degree of periodontitis between term and preterm births. Chi-squared tests showed that an age <33 years and FcαR(+56)T/C alleles were associated with preterm birth. Multiple logistic regression analysis represented a model with significant fitness in which four variables were associated with preterm birth: maternal age, number of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, IL-6(-572)G/C, and FcαR(+56)T/C. In conclusion, there was no association between preterm birth and periodontitis in this study. A. actinomycetemcomitans, IL-6, and FcαR were suggested to be associated with preterm birth. Multiple logistic regression models with both genetic and environmental factors would be useful for evaluating susceptibility to preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Sugita
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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Okada R, Wakai K, Naito M, Morita E, Kawai S, Hamajima N, Hara M, Takashima N, Suzuki S, Takezaki T, Ohnaka K, Arisawa K, Hirohata H, Matsuo K, Mikami H, Kubo M, Tanaka H. Pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms and chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nephrol 2012; 13:2. [PMID: 22230215 PMCID: PMC3297507 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-13-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the associations between common potential functional promoter polymorphisms in pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine genes and kidney function/chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence in a large Japanese population. METHODS A total of 3,323 subjects aged 35-69 were genotyped for all 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter regions of candidate genes with minor allele frequencies of > 0.100 in Japanese populations. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CKD prevalence (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) of the subjects were compared among the genotypes. RESULTS A higher eGFR and lower prevalence of CKD were observed for the homozygous variants of IL4 -33CC (high IL-4 [anti-inflammatory cytokine]-producing genotype) and IL6 -572GG (low IL-6 [pro-inflammatory cytokine]-producing genotype). Subjects with IL4 CC + IL6 GG showed the highest mean eGFR (79.1 ml/min/1.73 m2) and lowest CKD prevalence (0.0%), while subjects carrying IL4 TT + IL6 CC showed the lowest mean eGFR (73.4 ml/min/1.73 m2) and highest CKD prevalence (17.9%). CONCLUSIONS The functional promoter polymorphisms IL4 T-33C (rs2070874) and IL6 C-572G (rs1800796), which are the only SNPs that affect the IL-4 and IL-6 levels in Japanese subjects, were associated with kidney function and CKD prevalence in a large Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Okada
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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25
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The G to A polymorphism at -597 of the interleukin-6 gene is extremely rare in southern Han Chinese. Cytokine 2011; 55:1-3. [PMID: 21474330 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2010] [Revised: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine involved in different physiologic and pathophysiologic processes including essential hypertension (EH). Associations of the IL-6 promoter region polymorphisms with circulating level of IL-6 have been reported in various studies. We detected the IL-6-597G/A polymorphism in 246 EH patients and 194 healthy controls from Jiangsu area (south of China). Individuals all carried the GG wild genotype, no GA or AA genotypes were found. Our results suggest that IL-6-597G/A polymorphism is extremely rare and unlikely to be contributing significantly to disease susceptibility in southern Han Chinese.
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Coe CL, Love GD, Karasawa M, Kawakami N, Kitayama S, Markus HR, Tracy RP, Ryff CD. Population differences in proinflammatory biology: Japanese have healthier profiles than Americans. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:494-502. [PMID: 21112385 PMCID: PMC3039107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), has emerged as a key factor in the biology of aging and the physiology of inflammation. Yet much of what we know about the normal functioning of IL-6 has been generated primarily from research on European populations and Americans of European descent. Our analyses compared IL-6 levels in 382 middle-aged and older Japanese to the values found in 1209 Caucasian- and African-Americans from the Midlife in the United States survey (MIDUS). Across the life span from 30 to 80 years of age, mean IL-6 levels were strikingly lower in Japanese individuals. Significantly lower levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen (FBG) provided confirmatory evidence for a population difference in proinflammatory activity. Because IL-6 release has been associated with obesity, differences in body mass index (BMI) were taken into consideration. Japanese had the lowest, and African-Americans had the highest overall BMIs, but significant group differences in IL-6 persisted even after BMI was included as a covariate in the analyses. Additional support for distinct variation in IL-6 biology was generated when systemic levels of the soluble receptor for IL-6 (sIL-6r) were evaluated. Serum sIL-6r was higher in Japanese than Americans, but was most notably low in African-Americans. Our cytokine data concur with national differences in the prevalence of age-related illnesses linked to inflammatory physiology, including cardiovascular disease. The findings also highlight the importance of broadening the diversity of people included in population studies of health and aging, especially given the relative paucity of information for some Asian countries and on individuals of Asian heritage living in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Coe
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Gayle D. Love
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Mayumi Karasawa
- Department of Comparative Psychology, Tokyo Woman’s Christian University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Colchester, VT
| | - Carol D. Ryff
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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Fragoso JM, Delgadillo H, Juárez-Cedillo T, Rodríguez-Pérez JM, Vallejo M, Pérez-Méndez O, Álvarez-León E, Peña-Duque MA, Martínez-Ríos MA, Vargas-Alarcón G. The Interleukin 6 -572 G>C (rs1800796) Polymorphism Is Associated with the Risk of Developing Acute Coronary Syndrome. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2010; 14:759-63. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2010.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Fragoso
- Department of Molecular Biology and Cardiovascular Disease's Genomic and Proteomic Study Group, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
- Postgrad in Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hilda Delgadillo
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa Juárez-Cedillo
- Epidemiologic and Health Service Research Unit, Aging Area, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Cardiovascular Disease's Genomic and Proteomic Study Group, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maite Vallejo
- Sociomedical Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Pérez-Méndez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Cardiovascular Disease's Genomic and Proteomic Study Group, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edith Álvarez-León
- Department of Molecular Biology and Cardiovascular Disease's Genomic and Proteomic Study Group, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Peña-Duque
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Martínez-Ríos
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Department of Molecular Biology and Cardiovascular Disease's Genomic and Proteomic Study Group, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Fan WH, Liu DL, Xiao LM, Xie CJ, Sun SY, Zhang JC. Coronary heart disease and chronic periodontitis: is polymorphism of interleukin-6 gene the common risk factor in a Chinese population? Oral Dis 2010; 17:270-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shao MY, Huang P, Cheng R, Hu T. Interleukin-6 polymorphisms modify the risk of periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2010; 10:920-7. [PMID: 19946956 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b0920279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the association of IL-6 polymorphisms and periodontitis, a meta-analysis of case-control studies and a systemic review were conducted. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a literature search using PubMed and Medline database to May 2009, with no restrictions. We also reviewed references from all retrieved articles. Six case-control studies involving 1 093 periodontitis cases and 574 controls were selected for meta-analysis to assess the purported associations between IL-6 polymorphisms and the risk of periodontitis. IL-6 -174 G/C and -572 C/G polymorphisms were included in the present meta-analysis, and the association between IL-6 -6331 T/C polymorphism and the risk of periodontitis was adequately reviewed as well. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis indicates that the IL-6 -174 G allele could not modify the risk of chronic periodontitis, but increased the risk of aggressive periodontitis. And -572 C/G polymorphism is associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis, including chronic periodontitis or aggressive periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-ying Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Gene polymorphisms in chronic periodontitis. Int J Dent 2010; 2010:324719. [PMID: 20339487 PMCID: PMC2844543 DOI: 10.1155/2010/324719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to conduct a review of the literature for gene polymorphisms associated with chronic periodontitis (CP) susceptibility. A comprehensive search of the literature in English was performed using the keywords: periodontitis, periodontal disease, combined with the words genes, mutation, or polymorphism. Candidate gene polymorphism studies with a case-control design and reported genotype frequencies in CP patients were searched and reviewed. There is growing evidence that polymorphisms in the IL1, IL6, IL10, vitamin D receptor, and CD14 genes may be associated with CP in certain populations. However, carriage rates of the rare (R)-allele of any polymorphism varied considerably among studies and most of the studies appeared under-powered and did not correct for other risk factors. Larger cohorts, well-defined phenotypes, control for other risk factors, and analysis of multiple genes and polymorphisms within the same pathway are needed to get a more comprehensive insight into the contribution of gene polymorphisms in CP.
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Xiao LM, Yan YX, Xie CJ, Fan WH, Xuan DY, Wang CX, Chen L, Sun SY, Xie BY, Zhang JC. Association among interleukin-6 gene polymorphism, diabetes and periodontitis in a Chinese population. Oral Dis 2009; 15:547-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kobayashi T, Murasawa A, Ito S, Yamamoto K, Komatsu Y, Abe A, Sumida T, Yoshie H. Cytokine gene polymorphisms associated with rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis in Japanese adults. J Periodontol 2009; 80:792-9. [PMID: 19405833 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.080573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines play a major role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis. Both diseases were previously shown to be partly influenced by cytokine gene polymorphisms. Therefore, we evaluated whether the distributions of the cytokine genotypes were unique to subjects with both diseases. METHODS The study subjects consisted of Japanese adults with RA (RA group; n = 153), periodontitis only (P group; n = 117), and healthy individuals (H group; n = 108). Clinical periodontal condition was defined by measurements of probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and analyzed for the determination of 16 gene polymorphisms encoding interleukin (IL)-1, -2, -4, -6, and -10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and transforming growth factor-beta 1. RESULTS The frequency of patients with RA who exhibited periodontitis was 89.5% (RA + P group; n = 137). No significant differences were observed in any of the frequencies of cytokine genotypes and alleles among the subject groups. After adjustment for age, gender, and smoking status, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant difference in the distribution of IL-1B +3954 genotypes between RA + P and P groups (P = 0.006) and between RA + P and H groups (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Japanese individuals with RA and periodontitis may exhibit different distributions of IL-1B +3954 genotypes than healthy controls and subjects with periodontitis only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Kobayashi
- General Dentistry and Clinical Education Unit, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan.
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Dutra WO, Moreira PR, Souza PEA, Gollob KJ, Gomez RS. Implications of cytokine gene polymorphisms on the orchestration of the immune response: lessons learned from oral diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2009; 20:223-32. [PMID: 19502097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 10 years, a plethora of information concerning the influence of gene polymorphisms on cytokine expression has been made available in the literature. Significant contribution to this field has come from studies of oral diseases, one of the widest spread health problems in the world, affecting hundreds of millions worldwide. Here we will discuss the importance of studies of gene polymorphism towards the identification of susceptible groups or prognostic indicators of oral disease. Additionally, we will highlight the differences in data obtained from genetically diverse populations and review the application of cytokine gene polymorphisms studies in oral diseases in autoimmune processes and parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walderez O Dutra
- Laboratory of Cell-Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.
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Nikolopoulos GK, Dimou NL, Hamodrakas SJ, Bagos PG. Cytokine gene polymorphisms in periodontal disease: a meta-analysis of 53 studies including 4178 cases and 4590 controls. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35:754-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Moreira PR, Lima PMA, Sathler KOB, Imanishi SAW, Costa JE, Gomes RS, Gollob KJ, Dutra WO. Interleukin-6 expression and gene polymorphism are associated with severity of periodontal disease in a sample of Brazilian individuals. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 148:119-26. [PMID: 17286759 PMCID: PMC1868861 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 is an inflammatory mediator involved in bone resorption. G/C polymorphism at position -174 of the IL-6 gene has been reported to influence IL-6 expression, with the G allele associated with higher expression levels. The aims of this study were to investigate the expression of IL-6 as well as the incidence of IL-6 (-174) gene polymorphism and their correlation to the severity of periodontitis in Brazilians. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 12 non-smoker individuals with periodontitis for evaluation of IL-6 expression using flow cytometry. We observed a positive correlation between the mean clinical attachment loss and intensity of expression of IL-6, in which the greater the attachment loss, the higher the expression of IL-6 (P=0 x 007, R2=0 x 52). Also, patients with severe periodontitis displayed a higher intensity of IL-6 expression compared to moderate periodontitis (P=0 x 04). To determine the occurrence of IL-6 gene polymorphism, DNA was obtained from oral swabs of 209 Brazilian individuals with and without periodontitis. Polymerase chain reaction, restriction endonuclease digestion and electrophoresis were performed, allowing for detection of the IL-6 (-174) polymorphism. We observed that non-smokers with moderate periodontitis (P=0 x 05) and control (P=0 x 04) groups displayed a higher incidence of the G genotype when compared to severe periodontitis. This suggests that the G genotype may represent a protective role in severity of periodontitis. Thus, the increased expression of IL-6 and IL-6 (-174) polymorphism are associated with periodontal disease severity in Brazilian individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Moreira
- Laboratory of Cell-Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Tervonen T, Raunio T, Knuuttila M, Karttunen R. Polymorphisms in the CD14 and IL-6 genes associated with periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34:377-83. [PMID: 17448042 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the frequencies of cytokine and receptor molecule genotypes in patients with chronic periodontitis with the corresponding frequencies in a reference population and to study the relationship between periodontal disease severity and polymorphisms in the studied genes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS CD14, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-10, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and TLR-4 polymorphisms of 51 periodontitis patients were studied using polymerase chain reaction. The genotype frequencies in the periodontitis patients and a reference population (n=178) were compared. Probing pocket depth (PD), periodontal attachment level (AL), and alveolar bone level (BL) were related to the genotypes. RESULTS No statistically significant differences could be found between the frequencies of the cytokine genotypes in the periodontitis patients and in the reference group. The extent of periodontal disease was higher in subjects with the T-containing genotype of CD14(-260) and the GG genotype of IL-6(-174) when compared with the extent in the rest of the group. Subjects carrying the composite genotype of the above two were most severely affected by periodontal disease. CONCLUSION According to the present results, an evident association exists between the carriage of the T-containing genotype of CD14(-260) and the GG genotype of IL-6(-174) and the extent periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tellervo Tervonen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
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Huynh-Ba G, Lang NP, Tonetti MS, Salvi GE. The association of the composite IL-1 genotype with periodontitis progression and/or treatment outcomes: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34:305-17. [PMID: 17378887 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01055.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetically transmitted traits such as cytokine gene polymorphisms may accentuate the host inflammatory response to the bacterial challenge and influence susceptibility to periodontitis. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the evidence of an association between the interleukin-1 (IL-1) composite genotype, i.e. presence of the allele 2 in the gene clusters IL-1A-889 and in IL-1B +3953, and periodontitis progression and/or treatment outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Based on the focused question, a search was conducted for longitudinal clinical trials comparing progression of periodontitis and/or treatment outcomes in IL-1 genotype-positive (carrying allele 2) and IL-1 genotype-negative (not carrying allele 2) subjects. A search in the National Library of Medicine computerized bibliographic database MEDLINE and a manual search were performed. Selection of publications, extraction of data and validity assessment were made independently by two reviewers. RESULTS The search provided 122 titles of which 11 longitudinal publications were included. The heterogeneity of the data prevented the performance of a meta-analysis. While findings from some publications rejected a possible role of IL-1 composite genotype on progression of periodontitis after various therapies, other reported a prognostic value for disease progression of the positive IL-1 genotype status. When assessed on a multivariate risk assessment model, several publications concluded that the assessment of the IL-1 composite genotype in conjunction with other covariates (e.g. smoking and presence of specific bacteria) may provide additional information on disease progression. The small sample size of the available publications, however, requires caution in the interpretation of the results. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, (i) there is insufficient evidence to establish if a positive IL-1 genotype status contributes to progression of periodontitis and/or treatment outcomes. Therefore, (ii) results obtained with commercially available tests should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Huynh-Ba
- Department of Periodontology & Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Yoshie
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Cozen W, Gebregziabher M, Conti DV, Van Den Berg DJ, Coetzee GA, Wang SS, Rothman N, Bernstein L, Hartge P, Morhbacher A, Coetzee SG, Salam MT, Wang W, Zadnick J, Ingles SA. Interleukin-6-Related Genotypes, Body Mass Index, and Risk of Multiple Myeloma and Plasmacytoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:2285-91. [PMID: 17119059 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) promotes normal plasma cell development and proliferation of myeloma cells in culture. We evaluated IL-6 genotypes and body mass index (BMI) in a case-control study of multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma. DNA samples and questionnaires were obtained from incident cases of multiple myeloma (n = 134) and plasmacytoma (n = 16; plasma cell neoplasms) ascertained from the Los Angeles County population-based cancer registry and from siblings or cousins of cases (family controls, n = 112) and population controls (n = 126). Genotypes evaluated included IL-6 promoter gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at positions -174, -572, and -597; one variable number of tandem repeats (-373 A(n)T(n)); and one SNP in the IL-6 receptor (IL-6ralpha) gene at position -358. The variant allele of the IL-6 promoter SNP -572 was associated with a roughly 2-fold increased risk of plasma cell neoplasms when cases were compared with family [odds ratio (OR), 1.8; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.7-4.7] or population controls (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2-4.7). The -373 9A/9A genotype was associated with a decreased risk compared with the most common genotype (OR for cases versus family controls, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.1-1.7; OR for cases versus population controls, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9). No other SNPs were associated with risk. Obesity (BMI >or= 30 kg/m(2)) increased risk nonsignificantly by 40% and 80% when cases were compared with family controls or population controls, respectively, relative to persons with a BMI of <25 kg/m(2). These results suggest that IL-6 promoter genotypes may be associated with increased risk of plasma cell neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, MC 9175, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9175, USA.
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Galicia JC, Tai H, Komatsu Y, Shimada Y, Ikezawa I, Yoshie H. Interleukin-6 receptor gene polymorphisms and periodontitis in a non-smoking Japanese population. J Clin Periodontol 2006; 33:704-9. [PMID: 16899024 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2006.00978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The indispensable role of interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) in regulating IL-6 responses has been clearly established. We have previously reported that IL6R polymorphisms strongly influenced the serum levels of soluble IL-6R. In this study, we investigated the association between these genetic variations and periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Among the seven novel IL6R single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reported, we genotyped two important sites: the +48892 A/C in exon 9 and the -183 G/A in the promoter region. The SNP in exon 9 results in Asp-->Ala substitution in the proteolytic cleavage site of IL-6Ralpha. In total, 212 periodontitis cases and 210 healthy controls were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphisms and direct sequencing methods. RESULTS Analysis of the genotype distribution of the +48892 A/C SNP in periodontitis patients and in controls revealed a suggestive association with aggressive (p = 0.04) and chronic periodontitis (p = 0.04). In addition, the carriage rate for the A allele was significantly higher in chronic periodontitis patients [p = 0.02, odds ratio (OR) = 2.25]. No association was found in the -183 G/A SNP. The two markers were in linkage disequilibrium (LD) (|D'| = 0.53). CONCLUSION The IL6R+48892 A/C polymorphism could act as a risk factor for periodontitis; however, further association and biological studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnah C Galicia
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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