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Lepretre F, Gras D, Chanez P, Duez C. Natural killer cells in the lung: potential role in asthma and virus-induced exacerbation? Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:230036. [PMID: 37437915 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0036-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disorder whose pathophysiological and immunological mechanisms are not completely understood. Asthma exacerbations are mostly driven by respiratory viral infections and characterised by worsening of symptoms. Despite current therapies, asthma exacerbations can still be life-threatening. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells well known for their antiviral activity and are present in the lung as circulating and resident cells. However, their functions in asthma and its exacerbations are still unclear. In this review, we will address NK cell activation and functions, which are particularly relevant for asthma and virus-induced asthma exacerbations. Then, the role of NK cells in the lungs at homeostasis in healthy individuals will be described, as well as their functions during pulmonary viral infections, with an emphasis on those associated with asthma exacerbations. Finally, we will discuss the involvement of NK cells in asthma and virus-induced exacerbations and examine the effect of asthma treatments on NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lepretre
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Delphine Gras
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Chanez
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital Nord, Clinique des Bronches, de l'allergie et du sommeil, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Duez
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
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2
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Almeida JS, Casanova JM, Santos-Rosa M, Tarazona R, Solana R, Rodrigues-Santos P. Natural Killer T-like Cells: Immunobiology and Role in Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032743. [PMID: 36769064 PMCID: PMC9917533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CD56+ T cells are generally recognized as a distinct population of T cells and are categorized as NKT-like cells. Although our understanding of NKT-like cells is far from satisfactory, it has been shown that aging and a number of disease situations have impacted these cells. To construct an overview of what is currently known, we reviewed the literature on human NKT-like cells. NKT-like cells are highly differentiated T cells with "CD1d-independent" antigen recognition and MHC-unrestricted cell killing. The genesis of NKT-like cells is unclear; however, it is proposed that the acquisition of innate characteristics by T cells could represent a remodeling process leading to successful aging. Additionally, it has been shown that NKT-like cells may play a significant role in several pathological conditions, making it necessary to comprehend whether these cells might function as prognostic markers. The quantification and characterization of these cells might serve as a cutting-edge indicator of individual immune health. Additionally, exploring the mechanisms that can control their killing activity in different contexts may therefore result in innovative therapeutic alternatives in a wide range of disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani-Sofia Almeida
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Immunology and Oncology, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Casanova
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- University Clinic of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Service, Tumor Unit of the Locomotor Apparatus (UTAL), Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Center (CHUC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Santos-Rosa
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Tarazona
- Immunology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rafael Solana
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Paulo Rodrigues-Santos
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Immunology and Oncology, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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3
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Menees KB, Lee JK. New Insights and Implications of Natural Killer Cells in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:S83-S92. [PMID: 35570499 PMCID: PMC9535577 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the abnormal aggregation and accumulation of the alpha-synuclein (α-syn) protein into Lewy bodies. It is established that there is an association between inflammation and PD; however, the time course of the inflammatory process as well as the immune cells involved are still debated. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes with numerous functions including targeting and killing infected or malignant cells, antimicrobial defense, and resolving inflammation. NK cell subsets differ in their effector function capacities which are modulated by activating and inhibitory receptors expressed at the cell surface. Alterations in NK cell numbers and receptor expression have been reported in PD patients. Recently, NK cell numbers and frequency were shown to be altered in the periphery and in the central nervous system in a preclinical mouse model of PD. Moreover, NK cells have recently been shown to internalize and degrade α-syn aggregates and systemic NK cell depletion exacerbated synuclein pathology in a preclinical mouse model of PD, indicating a potential protective role of NK cells. Here, we review the inflammatory process in PD with a particular focus on alterations in NK cell numbers, phenotypes, and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly B Menees
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jae-Kyung Lee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
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4
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Cavalcante MKDA, de Freitas e Silva R, Pereira VRA, Brelaz-de-Castro MCA. Opinion Article: NK Cells in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Protection or Damage? Front Immunol 2022; 13:933490. [PMID: 35844579 PMCID: PMC9283678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.933490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marton Kaique de Andrade Cavalcante
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
- Parasitology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Freitas e Silva
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Carolina Accioly Brelaz-de-Castro
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
- Parasitology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria Carolina Accioly Brelaz-de-Castro,
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Fernandes SB, Patil ND, Meriaux S, Theresine M, Muller CP, Leenen FAD, Elwenspoek MMC, Zimmer J, Turner JD. Unbiased Screening Identifies Functional Differences in NK Cells After Early Life Psychosocial Stress. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674532. [PMID: 34394074 PMCID: PMC8363253 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early Life Adversity (ELA) is closely associated with the risk for developing diseases later in life, such as autoimmune diseases, type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In humans, early parental separation, physical and sexual abuse or low social-economic status during childhood are known to have great impact on brain development, in the hormonal system and immune responses. Maternal deprivation (MD) is the closest animal model available to the human situation. This paradigm induces long lasting behavioral effects, causes changes in the HPA axis and affects the immune system. However, the mechanisms underlying changes in the immune response after ELA are still not fully understood. In this study we investigated how ELA changes the immune system, through an unbiased analysis, viSNE, and addressed specially the NK immune cell population and its functionality. We have demonstrated that maternal separation, in both humans and rats, significantly affects the sensitivity of the immune system in adulthood. Particularly, NK cells’ profile and response to target cell lines are significantly changed after ELA. These immune cells in rats are not only less cytotoxic towards YAC-1 cells, but also show a clear increase in the expression of maturation markers after 3h of maternal separation. Similarly, individuals who suffered from ELA display significant changes in the cytotoxic profile of NK cells together with decreased degranulation capacity. These results suggest that one of the key mechanisms by which the immune system becomes impaired after ELA might be due to a shift on the senescent state of the cells, specifically NK cells. Elucidation of such a mechanism highlights the importance of ELA prevention and how NK targeted immunotherapy might help attenuating ELA consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B Fernandes
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Doctoral School in Systems and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Neha D Patil
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Doctoral School in Systems and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sophie Meriaux
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Maud Theresine
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Claude P Muller
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Fleur A D Leenen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Martha M C Elwenspoek
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jacques Zimmer
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Doctoral School in Systems and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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6
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Esaulova E, Das S, Singh DK, Choreño-Parra JA, Swain A, Arthur L, Rangel-Moreno J, Ahmed M, Singh B, Gupta A, Fernández-López LA, de la Luz Garcia-Hernandez M, Bucsan A, Moodley C, Mehra S, García-Latorre E, Zuniga J, Atkinson J, Kaushal D, Artyomov MN, Khader SA. The immune landscape in tuberculosis reveals populations linked to disease and latency. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:165-178.e8. [PMID: 33340449 PMCID: PMC7878437 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) latently infects approximately one-fourth of the world's population. The immune mechanisms that govern progression from latent (LTBI) to active pulmonary TB (PTB) remain poorly defined. Experimentally Mtb-infected non-human primates (NHP) mirror the disease observed in humans and recapitulate both PTB and LTBI. We characterized the lung immune landscape in NHPs with LTBI and PTB using high-throughput technologies. Three defining features of PTB in macaque lungs include the influx of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), an Interferon (IFN)-responsive macrophage population, and activated T cell responses. In contrast, a CD27+ Natural killer (NK) cell subset accumulated in the lungs of LTBI macaques. This NK cell population was also detected in the circulation of LTBI individuals. This comprehensive analysis of the lung immune landscape will improve the understanding of TB immunopathogenesis, providing potential targets for therapies and vaccines for TB control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Esaulova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shibali Das
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Jose Alberto Choreño-Parra
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
| | - Amanda Swain
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura Arthur
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bindu Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Ananya Gupta
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Luis Alejandro Fernández-López
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
| | - Maria de la Luz Garcia-Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Allison Bucsan
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington 70112, Louisiana
| | - Chivonne Moodley
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington 70112, Louisiana
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington 70112, Louisiana
| | - Ethel García-Latorre
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
| | - Joaquin Zuniga
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City 07320 Mexico
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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7
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Spielmann J, Naujoks W, Emde M, Allweyer M, Kielstein H, Quandt D, Bähr I. High-Fat Diet and Feeding Regime Impairs Number, Phenotype, and Cytotoxicity of Natural Killer Cells in C57BL/6 Mice. Front Nutr 2020; 7:585693. [PMID: 33330585 PMCID: PMC7728990 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.585693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are major public health challenges worldwide. Obesity is associated with a higher risk for the development of several cancer types, but specific mechanisms underlying the link of obesity and cancer are still unclear. Natural killer (NK) cells are circulating lymphoid cells promoting the elimination of virus-infected and tumor cells. Previous investigations demonstrated conflicting results concerning the influence of obesity on functional NK cell parameters in small animal models. The aim of the present study was to clarify potential obesity-associated alterations of murine NK cells in vivo, implementing different feeding regimes. Therefore, C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal-fat diet (NFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) under restrictive and ad libitum feeding regimes. Results showed diet and feeding-regime dependent differences in body weight, visceral fat mass and plasma cytokine concentrations. Flow cytometry analyses demonstrated significant changes in total cell counts as well as frequencies of immune cell populations in peripheral blood comparing mice fed NFD or HFD in an ad libitum or restrictive manner. Mice fed the HFD showed significantly decreased frequencies of total NK cells and the mature CD11b+CD27+ NK cell subset compared to mice fed the NFD. Feeding HFD resulted in significant changes in the expression of the maturation markers KLRG1 and CD127 in NK cells. Furthermore, real-time PCR analyses of NK-cell related functional parameters in adipose tissue revealed significant diet and feeding-regime dependent differences. Most notable, real-time cytotoxicity assays demonstrated an impaired cytolytic activity of splenic NK cells toward murine colon cancer cells in HFD-fed mice compared to NFD-fed mice. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that feeding a high-fat diet influences the frequency, phenotype and function of NK cells in C57BL/6 mice. Interestingly, restricted feeding of HFD compared to ad libitum feeding resulted in a partial prevention of the obesity-associated alterations on immune cells and especially on NK cells, nicely fitting with the current concept of an advantage for interval fasting for improved health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Spielmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wiebke Naujoks
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Emde
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin Allweyer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Heike Kielstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dagmar Quandt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ina Bähr
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Spielmann J, Mattheis L, Jung JS, Rauße H, Glaß M, Bähr I, Quandt D, Oswald J, Kielstein H. Effects of obesity on NK cells in a mouse model of postmenopausal breast cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20606. [PMID: 33244094 PMCID: PMC7692502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a widely spread disease and a crucial risk factor for malign disorders, including breast cancer of women in the postmenopause. Studies demonstrated that in case of obesity crucial natural killer (NK) cell functions like combating tumor cells are affected. This study aims to analyze NK cells and NK cell receptor expression of obese mice in a model for postmenopausal breast cancer. Therefore, female BALB/c mice were fed either a high fat or a standard diet. Thereafter, ovaries were ectomized and a syngeneic and orthotopical injection of 4T1-luc2 mouse mammary tumor cells into the mammary adipose tissue pad was performed. Obese mice showed increased body weights and visceral fat mass as well as increased levels of leptin and IL-6 in plasma. Moreover, compared to the lean littermates, tumor growth was increased and the NKp46-expression on circulating NK cells was decreased. Furthermore, the activating NK cell receptor NKG2D ligand (MULT1) expression was enhanced in adipose tissue of obese tumor bearing mice. The present study gives novel insights into gene expression of NK cell receptors in obesity and aims to promote possible links of the obesity-impaired NK cell physiology and the elevated breast cancer risk in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Spielmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Laura Mattheis
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Deptartment of Internal Medicine I, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Juliane-Susanne Jung
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Henrik Rauße
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Clinic for Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe Clinic, Lengerich, Germany
| | - Markus Glaß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ina Bähr
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dagmar Quandt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jana Oswald
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Heike Kielstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
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9
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Bähr I, Pörtner OJ, Glass M, Doberstein H, Goritz V, Hiller GGR, Spielmann J, Kielstein H. Characterization of natural killer cells in colorectal tumor tissue of rats fed a control diet or a high-fat diet. Ann Anat 2020; 233:151586. [PMID: 32916268 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major public health problem with an increasing prevalence reaching pandemic levels. The incidence and mortality for colorectal cancer is augmented in overweight and obese individuals. Previous studies demonstrated an impaired number, phenotype and functionality of natural killer (NK) cells under obese conditions. So far, the influence of obesity on NK cells in colorectal cancer tissue remained unclear. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence and localization of NK cells in colorectal tumors of normal weight and diet-induced obese rats. METHODS Wistar rats were fed a normal-fat diet (control) or a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. In half of the experimental groups azoxymethane (AOM) was injected to induce colorectal cancer. Tumors in colon and rectum were histopathologically classified in adenomas and adenocarcinomas and immunohistologically stained with the rat NK cell marker CD161. Occurrence and localization of NK cells were analyzed and quantified in the tunica mucosa and tunica submucosa of colorectal adenomas and the tunica submucosa of colorectal adenocarcinomas. RESULTS NK cells are localized in the tunica mucosa and the tunica submucosa of colorectal tumors with NK cell accumulations as follicle-like aggregates especially in regions of the lamina muscularis mucosae and the lamina propria mucosae of the tunica mucosa as well as in regions of the tunica submucosa adjacent to the lamina muscularis mucosae. Although not statistically significant, the CD161 staining was clearly reduced in the tunica mucosa of colorectal tumors of rats fed a HFD compared to rats fed a control diet. Moreover, the CD161 staining in the tunica mucosa was positively correlated with the final body weight of AOM-treated rats independent of the supplied diet. DISCUSSION For the first time, these results provide information about the localization and quantity of NK cells in colorectal tumor tissue of rats fed a control diet or high-fat diet. The slight reduction of NK cell number in colorectal tissue of rats fed a high-fat diet may contribute to an impaired tumor defense and the increased colorectal tumor outcome in diet-induced obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Bähr
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - O J Pörtner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Markus Glass
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Henriette Doberstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Vincent Goritz
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Grit Gesine Ruth Hiller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julia Spielmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Heike Kielstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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10
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CIPR: a web-based R/shiny app and R package to annotate cell clusters in single cell RNA sequencing experiments. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:191. [PMID: 32414321 PMCID: PMC7227235 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-3538-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) has provided invaluable insights into cellular heterogeneity and functional states in health and disease. During the analysis of scRNAseq data, annotating the biological identity of cell clusters is an important step before downstream analyses and it remains technically challenging. The current solutions for annotating single cell clusters generally lack a graphical user interface, can be computationally intensive or have a limited scope. On the other hand, manually annotating single cell clusters by examining the expression of marker genes can be subjective and labor-intensive. To improve the quality and efficiency of annotating cell clusters in scRNAseq data, we present a web-based R/Shiny app and R package, Cluster Identity PRedictor (CIPR), which provides a graphical user interface to quickly score gene expression profiles of unknown cell clusters against mouse or human references, or a custom dataset provided by the user. CIPR can be easily integrated into the current pipelines to facilitate scRNAseq data analysis. Results CIPR employs multiple approaches for calculating the identity score at the cluster level and can accept inputs generated by popular scRNAseq analysis software. CIPR provides 2 mouse and 5 human reference datasets, and its pipeline allows inter-species comparisons and the ability to upload a custom reference dataset for specialized studies. The option to filter out lowly variable genes and to exclude irrelevant reference cell subsets from the analysis can improve the discriminatory power of CIPR suggesting that it can be tailored to different experimental contexts. Benchmarking CIPR against existing functionally similar software revealed that our algorithm is less computationally demanding, it performs significantly faster and provides accurate predictions for multiple cell clusters in a scRNAseq experiment involving tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Conclusions CIPR facilitates scRNAseq data analysis by annotating unknown cell clusters in an objective and efficient manner. Platform independence owing to Shiny framework and the requirement for a minimal programming experience allows this software to be used by researchers from different backgrounds. CIPR can accurately predict the identity of a variety of cell clusters and can be used in various experimental contexts across a broad spectrum of research areas.
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11
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Bähr I, Spielmann J, Quandt D, Kielstein H. Obesity-Associated Alterations of Natural Killer Cells and Immunosurveillance of Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:245. [PMID: 32231659 PMCID: PMC7082404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by a systemic chronic low-grade inflammation as well as dysfunctions of several innate and adaptive immune cells. Recent findings emphasize an impaired functionality and phenotype of natural killer (NK) cells under obese conditions. This review provides a detailed overview on research related to overweight and obesity with a particular focus on NK cells. We discuss obesity-associated alterations in subsets, distribution, phenotype, cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion, and signaling cascades of NK cells investigated in vitro as well as in animal and human studies. In addition, we provide recent insights into the effects of physical activity and obesity-associated nutritional factors as well as the reduction of body weight and fat mass on NK cell functions of obese individuals. Finally, we highlight the impact of impaired NK cell physiology on obesity-associated diseases, focusing on the elevated susceptibility for viral infections and increased risk for cancer development and impaired treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Bähr
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julia Spielmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dagmar Quandt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Heike Kielstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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12
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Elmore SA, Cesta MF, Crabbs TA, Janardhan KS, Krane GA, Mahapatra D, Quist EM, Rinke M, Schaaf GW, Travlos GS, Wang H, Willson CJ, Wolf JC. Proceedings of the 2019 National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:913-953. [PMID: 31645210 PMCID: PMC6911009 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319876929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The 2019 annual National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium, entitled "Pathology Potpourri," was held in Raleigh, North Carolina, at the Society of Toxicologic Pathology's 38th annual meeting. The goal of this symposium was to present and discuss challenging diagnostic pathology and/or nomenclature issues. This article presents summaries of the speakers' talks along with select images that were used by the audience for voting and discussion. Various lesions and topics covered during the symposium included aging mouse lesions from various strains, as well as the following lesions from various rat strains: rete testis sperm granuloma/fibrosis, ovarian cystadenocarcinoma, retro-orbital schwannoma, periductal cholangiofibrosis of the liver and pancreas, pars distalis hypertrophy, chronic progressive nephropathy, and renal tubule regeneration. Other cases included polyovular follicles in young beagle dogs and a fungal blood smear contaminant. One series of cases challenged the audience to consider how immunohistochemistry may improve the diagnosis of some tumors. Interesting retinal lesions from a rhesus macaque emphasized the difficulty in determining the etiology of any particular retinal lesion due to the retina's similar response to vascular injury. Finally, a series of lesions from the International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria Non-Rodent Fish Working Group were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A. Elmore
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark F. Cesta
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Torrie A Crabbs
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Gregory A. Krane
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Debabrata Mahapatra
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erin M. Quist
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - George W. Schaaf
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gregory S. Travlos
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Haoan Wang
- West China-Frontier Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cynthia J. Willson
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Wolf
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Sterling, Virginia, USA
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13
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Goyos A, Fort M, Sharma A, Lebrec H. Current Concepts in Natural Killer Cell Biology and Application to Drug Safety Assessments. Toxicol Sci 2019; 170:10-19. [PMID: 31020324 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes capable of cytotoxicity against virally infected cells and tumor cells. The display of effector function by NK cells is the result of interactions between germline encoded activating/inhibitory NK cell receptors and their ligands (major histocompatibility complex class I, major histocompatibility complex class I-like, viral, and cellular stress-related surface molecules) expressed on target cells. Determination of NK cell number and function is a common element of the immunotoxicology assessment paradigm for the development of certain classes of pharmaceuticals across a range of modalities. This article summarizes the evidence associating NK cell dysfunction with infectious and cancer risks, reviews emerging NK cell biology, including the impact of immunogenetics on NK cell education and function, and provides perspectives about points to consider when assessing NK cell function in different species in the context of safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Goyos
- Amgen Research, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Madeline Fort
- Amgen Research, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Amy Sharma
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Herve Lebrec
- Amgen Research, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080
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14
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Isvoranu G, Surcel M, Huică RI, Munteanu AN, Pîrvu IR, Ciotaru D, Constantin C, Bratu O, Neagu M, Ursaciuc C. Natural killer cell monitoring in cutaneous melanoma - new dynamic biomarker. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4197-4206. [PMID: 30944615 PMCID: PMC6444282 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is responsible for most skin cancer deaths in humans. The immune system plays a major role in regulating tumor cell proliferation by initiating defence responses against tumor aggression. Research on murine cancer models allow for a better understanding of immune response in malignancies, revealing specific changes of the immune status in the presence of tumors. Melanoma resistance to conventional therapies and its high immunogenicity justify the development of new therapies. These features reinforce melanoma as a suitable model for studying antitumor immunity. Recent findings on NK cell activation in cancer patients indicate that several important parameters, such as tumor capacity to modulate the function and phenotype of NK cells, require consideration for the choice of an NK-based therapy. In this study, we investigated T-CD4+ and T-CD8+ lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and NK cells in peripheral blood and spleen cells suspension from melanoma-bearing mice compared to healthy controls in order to assess the potential for tumor growth-promoting immunosuppression. Our results indicate that in a melanoma-bearing mouse model the percentage of NK cells in spleen is reduced and that their phenotype is different compared to control mouse NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghița Isvoranu
- Animal Husbandry, 'Victor Babeș' National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Surcel
- Immunobiology Laboratory, 'Victor Babeș' National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.,Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu-Ionuț Huică
- Immunobiology Laboratory, 'Victor Babeș' National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.,Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Narcisa Munteanu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, 'Victor Babeș' National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.,Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Ruxandra Pîrvu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, 'Victor Babeș' National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Ciotaru
- Immunobiology Laboratory, 'Victor Babeș' National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunobiology Laboratory, 'Victor Babeș' National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Bratu
- Clinical Department 3, Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania.,Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050085 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, 'Victor Babeș' National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.,Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cornel Ursaciuc
- Immunobiology Laboratory, 'Victor Babeș' National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
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15
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Lee SH, Shin DJ, Kim Y, Kim CJ, Lee JJ, Yoon MS, Uong TNT, Yu D, Jung JY, Cho D, Jung BG, Kim SK, Suh GH. Comparison of Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics Between Canine Non-B, Non-T Natural Killer Lymphocytes and CD3 +CD5 dimCD21 - Cytotoxic Large Granular Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:841. [PMID: 29755462 PMCID: PMC5934500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role in the immune response against infections and malignant transformation, and adopted transfer of NK cells is thought to be a promising therapeutic approach for cancer patients. Previous reports describing the phenotypic features of canine NK cells have produced inconsistent results. Canine NK cells are still defined as non-B and non-T (CD3−CD21−) large granular lymphocytes. However, a few reports have demonstrated that canine NK cells share the phenotypic characteristics of T lymphocytes, and that CD3+CD5dimCD21− lymphocytes are putative canine NK cells. Based on our previous reports, we hypothesized that phenotypic modulation could occur between these two populations during activation. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic and functional differences between CD3+CD5dimCD21− (cytotoxic large granular lymphocytes) and CD3−CD5−CD21− NK lymphocytes before and after culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from normal dogs. The results of this study show that CD3+CD5dimCD21− lymphocytes can be differentiated into non-B, non-T NK (CD3−CD5−CD21−TCRαβ−TCRγδ−GranzymeB+) lymphocytes through phenotypic modulation in response to cytokine stimulation. In vitro studies of purified CD3+CD5dimCD21− cells showed that CD3−CD5−CD21− cells are derived from CD3+CD5dimCD21− cells through phenotypic modulation. CD3+CD5dimCD21− cells share more NK cell functional characteristics compared with CD3−CD5−CD21− cells, including the expression of T-box transcription factors (Eomes, T-bet), the production of granzyme B and interferon-γ, and the expression of NK cell-related molecular receptors such as NKG2D and NKp30. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that CD3+CD5dimCD21− and CD3−CD5−CD21− cells both contain a subset of putative NK cells, and the difference between the two populations may be due to the degree of maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Integrated Life Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea.,Department of Laboratory and Companion Animal Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Shin
- Department of Laboratory and Companion Animal Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Products, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea
| | - Yoseop Kim
- Department of Laboratory and Companion Animal Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Jung Kim
- Department of Laboratory and Companion Animal Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea
| | - Je-Jung Lee
- Department of Hemotology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Mee Sun Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Tung Nguyen Thanh Uong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dohyeon Yu
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Jung
- Department of Integrated Life Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea.,Department of Laboratory and Companion Animal Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Products, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea
| | - Duck Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bock-Gie Jung
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Sang-Ki Kim
- Department of Integrated Life Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea.,Department of Laboratory and Companion Animal Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Products, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea
| | - Guk-Hyun Suh
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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16
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Sava RI, March KL, Pepine CJ. Hypertension in pregnancy: Taking cues from pathophysiology for clinical practice. Clin Cardiol 2018; 41:220-227. [PMID: 29485737 PMCID: PMC6490052 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-related hypertension (PHTN) syndromes are a frequent and potentially deadly complication of pregnancy, while also negatively impacting the lifelong health of the mother and child. PHTN appears in women likely to develop hypertension later in life, with the stress of pregnancy unmasking a subclinical hypertensive phenotype. However, distinguishing between PHTN and chronic hypertension is essential for optimal management. Preeclampsia (PE) is linked to potentially severe outcomes and lacks effective treatments due to poorly understood mechanisms. Inadequate remodeling of spiral uterine arteries (SUAs), the cornerstone of PE pathophysiology, leads to hypoperfusion of the developing placenta. In normal pregnancies, extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells assume an invasive phenotype and invade SUAs, transforming them into large conduits. Decidual natural killer cells play an essential role, mediating materno-fetal immune tolerance, inducing early SUA remodeling and regulating EVT invasiveness. Notch signaling is important in EVT phenotypic switch and is dysregulated in PE. The hypoxic placenta releases antiangiogenic and proinflammatory factors that converge upon maternal endothelium, inducing endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and organ damage. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α is upstream of such molecules, whereas endothelin-1 is a major effector. We also describe important genetic links and evidence of incomplete materno-fetal immune tolerance, with PE patients presenting with autoantibodies, lower Treg , and higher Th 17 cells. Thus, PE manifestations arise as a consequence of mal-placentation or/and because of a predisposition of the maternal vascular bed to excessively react to pathogenic molecules. From this pathophysiological basis, we provide current and propose future therapeutic directions for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra I. Sava
- Center for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
- “Elias” Emergency University Hospital“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharestRomania
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Keith L. March
- Center for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Carl J. Pepine
- Center for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFlorida
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17
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Dai K, Huang Y, Chen Z, Sun X, Yang L, Jiang Y. Kbtbd2 inhibits the cytotoxic activity of immortalized NK cells through down-regulating mTOR signaling in a mouse hepatocellular carcinoma model. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:683-695. [PMID: 29331106 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer cell (NK cell)-based immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of NK cell function in the tumor sites are not completely elucidated. In this study, we identified the enhanced expression of kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 2 (Kbtbd2) in intratumoral NK cells in a mouse HCC implantation model as a negative regulator of NK cells. To investigate this interaction, we used a Tet-on inducible expression system to control Kbtbd2 expression in an immortalized mouse NK cell line KIL C.2. With this approach, we found that overexpression of Kbtbd2 reduced KIL C.2 cell proliferation, decreased expression certain of Ly49 receptor family members, and substantially impaired cytotoxic activity of KIL C.2 cells in vitro. Moreover, phosphorylation of mTOR and its target 4E-binding protein 1 was reduced in Kbtbd2-expressing KIL C.2 cells, along with down-regulated phosphorylation of Erk1/2. Adoptively transferred Kbtbd2-expressing KIL C.2 cells exhibited weaker tumoricidal effect on hepatocellular carcinoma cells in the HCC implantation model, in comparison with transferred control KIL C.2 cells. Taken together, our investigation indicates that Kbtbd2 is an inhibitory molecule for the tumoricidal activity of KIL C.2 cells and perhaps intratumoral NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yabing Huang
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zubing Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Natural killer cells mediate pathophysiology in response to reduced uterine perfusion pressure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2753-2762. [PMID: 29042488 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is associated with hypertension, small-for-gestational-age babies, and increased cytolytic natural killer (NK) cells. The specific role of cytolytic NK cells in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia has not been clearly defined. We hypothesized that Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure (RUPP) stimulates proliferation and cytolytic activation of NK cells, and that reducing NK cells in RUPP would prevent hypertension, intrauterine growth restriction, and inflammation in response to placental ischemia. RUPP was induced on gestation day (GD) 14 in pregnant rats. NK cells were depleted by i.p. administration of anti-asialo GM1 antibody on GDs 15 and 17. Placental and circulating NK cells were quantified via flow cytometry, mean arterial pressure (MAP), fetal weights, and cytokines were measured on GD 19. Total placental NK cells were 7.4 ± 2% of gated cells in normal pregnant (NP; n=10) and 16.5 ± 3% of gated cells in RUPP (n=10) rats. Furthermore, cytolytic placental NK cells also increased in RUPP. Depletion of NK cells in RUPP (RUPP + anti-ASGM1) significantly improved MAP and fetal weights. MAP was 108 ± 2 mmHg in NP, 125 ± 2 mmHg in RUPP, and 112 ± 2 mmHg in RUPP + anti-ASGM1 (n=12). Fetal weight was 2.32 ± 0.05 in NP, 1.8 ± 0.04g in RUPP, and increased to 2.0 ± 0.04g in RUPP + anti-ASGM1. Placental interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was 40.4 ± 5.2 pg/mg in NP, 72.17 ± 3.2 pg/mg in RUPP, and 44.0 ± 6.5 pg/mg in RUPP + anti-ASGM1 (P<0.05). Placental tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was 17.9 ± 1.7 pg/mg in NP, 23.9 ± 2.2 pg/mg in RUPP, and 12.9 ± 2.3 pg/mg in RUPP + anti-ASGM1 (P<0.05). Depletion of NK cells significantly lowered MAP, intrauterine growth restriction, and inflammation in RUPP rats indicating that cytolytic NK cells are important in preeclampsia pathophysiology.
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19
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Van Acker HH, Capsomidis A, Smits EL, Van Tendeloo VF. CD56 in the Immune System: More Than a Marker for Cytotoxicity? Front Immunol 2017; 8:892. [PMID: 28791027 PMCID: PMC5522883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, the phenotypic and functional boundaries distinguishing the main cell subsets of the immune system have become increasingly blurred. In this respect, CD56 (also known as neural cell adhesion molecule) is a very good example. CD56 is the archetypal phenotypic marker of natural killer cells but can actually be expressed by many more immune cells, including alpha beta T cells, gamma delta T cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes. Common to all these CD56-expressing cell types are strong immunostimulatory effector functions, including T helper 1 cytokine production and an efficient cytotoxic capacity. Interestingly, both numerical and functional deficiencies and phenotypic alterations of the CD56+ immune cell fraction have been reported in patients with various infectious, autoimmune, or malignant diseases. In this review, we will discuss our current knowledge on the expression and function of CD56 in the hematopoietic system, both in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen H Van Acker
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anna Capsomidis
- Cancer Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evelien L Smits
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Viggo F Van Tendeloo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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20
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Spielmann J, Hanke J, Knauf D, Ben-Eliyahu S, Jacobs R, Stangl GI, Bähr I, Kielstein H. Significantly enhanced lung metastasis and reduced organ NK cell functions in diet-induced obese rats. BMC OBESITY 2017; 4:24. [PMID: 28690853 PMCID: PMC5496225 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-017-0161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity was identified as a major risk factor for malignant diseases, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Natural killer (NK) cells, a pivotal aspect of innate immunity, are capable of identifying and killing virally infected and tumor cells. Previous studies have shown altered NK cell functions in obesity, and the current study aimed to investigate the relationship between altered NK cell functions and increased cancer risk in obesity. METHODS To induce obesity male F344-rats received a high-fat diet (34% fat) or a control diet (4% fat). Thereafter, syngeneic mammary adenocarcinoma cells (MADB106) or a vehicle were intravenously (i.v.) injected. 15 min after injection, half of each group of rats were killed, lungs removed and immunohistochemically stained. Numbers of NK cells, MADB106 cells and NK cell-tumor cell interactions were quantified. Twenty-one days after tumor-cell injection the other half group of rats was killed and lung metastases were counted and relative mRNA concentrations of different NK cell receptors were determined. RESULTS After short-term MADB106-challenge, DIO fed animals showed significantly decreased NK cell numbers in the blood and NK cell-tumor cell interactions in the lung as compared to their control littermates. Twenty-one days after MADB106 injection, the lungs of the DIO fed rats showed significantly more lung metastases compared to control animals, accompanied by reduced relative mRNA concentrations of the activating NK cell receptor NKG2D. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that induction of obesity in F344-rats leads to reduced lung NK cell function against tumor cells and results in significantly enhanced lung metastasis as compared to lean animals. It can be hypothesized that obesity-induced altered NK cell functions play an important role in cancer growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Spielmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Medicine, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - J Hanke
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Medicine, Ernst-Grube Str. 40, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - D Knauf
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Medicine, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - S Ben-Eliyahu
- Neuroimmunology Research Unit, The Sagol School of Neuroscience, The School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - R Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - G I Stangl
- Department of Human Nutrition, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - I Bähr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Medicine, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - H Kielstein
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Medicine, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Small HY, Cornelius DC, Guzik TJ, Delles C. Natural killer cells in placentation and cancer: Implications for hypertension during pregnancy. Placenta 2017; 56:59-64. [PMID: 28318556 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension during pregnancy is the most common medical condition encountered during gestation. Despite this, knowledge of the mechanisms that underlie the disease and the development of new therapies are limited. Hypertension during pregnancy and some forms of cancer confer an increased risk to the development of cardiovascular disease later in life; one mechanism which may link these conditions is the involvement of natural killer (NK) cells. Whilst immunology and immunotherapy are well-developed areas in oncology; the complex mechanisms of the immune system in health and disease at the maternal-fetal interface are less well-defined. Natural killer (NK) cells have emerged as key immune cells involved in physiology and pathology of pregnancy. These small lymphocytes are present in the decidua (the uterine-specific uNK cells) and are distinct from peripheral NK cells. The uNK cell population plays a vital role in mediating trophoblast invasion and affecting decidual vascular remodelling whereas the role of the peripheral NK cell population during pregnancy is less well-defined. This review will give an overview of NK cell biology followed by a discussion of the current evidence for the role of uterine and peripheral NK cells at the maternal-fetal interface in health and disease. Furthermore, examples of NK cell research from cancer biology will be employed to inform future directions of research. By combining this knowledge from oncology where the field of immunotherapy has now matured into clinical trials; it is hopeful that new mechanisms can be elucidated to generate targets for similar therapeutic strategies for women with hypertensive pregnancies where interventions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Yvonne Small
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Denise C Cornelius
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Centre, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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22
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Cunha CF, Ferraz R, Pimentel MIF, Lyra MR, Schubach AO, Da-Cruz AM, Bertho AL. Cytotoxic cell involvement in human cutaneous leishmaniasis: assessments in active disease, under therapy and after clinical cure. Parasite Immunol 2016; 38:244-54. [PMID: 26928901 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an important public health issue worldwide. The control of Leishmania infection depends on cellular immune mechanisms, and the inflammatory response may contribute to pathogenesis. A beneficial role of CD8(+) T lymphocytes has been proposed; nevertheless, other studies suggest a cytotoxic role of CD8(+) T lymphocytes involved in tissue damage, showing controversial role of these cells. The goal of the current study was to understand the immunopathology of CL and determine the profile of cytotoxic cells--such as CD4(+) T, natural killer and natural killer T cells--that might be involved in triggering immunological mechanisms, and may lead to cure or disease progression. The frequencies of cytotoxic cell populations in peripheral blood, obtained from patients with active disease, during treatment and after clinical healing, were assessed by flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity could not be related to a deleterious role in Leishmania braziliensis infection, as patients with active CL showed similar percentages of degranulation to healthy individuals (HI). Cured patients exhibited a lower percentage of degranulating cells, which may be due to a downregulation of the immune response. The understanding of the immunopathological mechanisms involved in CL and the commitment of cytotoxic cells enables improvements in therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Cunha
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - R Ferraz
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Flow Cytometry Sorting Core, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M I F Pimentel
- Laboratory of Surveillance for Leishmaniasis, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectology (INI), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M R Lyra
- Laboratory of Surveillance for Leishmaniasis, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectology (INI), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A O Schubach
- Laboratory of Surveillance for Leishmaniasis, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectology (INI), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A M Da-Cruz
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A L Bertho
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Flow Cytometry Sorting Core, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Fahrner R, Dondorf F, Ardelt M, Settmacher U, Rauchfuss F. Role of NK, NKT cells and macrophages in liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6135-6144. [PMID: 27468206 PMCID: PMC4945975 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i27.6135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation has become the treatment of choice for acute or chronic liver disease. Because the liver acts as an innate immunity-dominant organ, there are immunological differences between the liver and other organs. The specific features of hepatic natural killer (NK), NKT and Kupffer cells and their role in the mechanism of liver transplant rejection, tolerance and hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury are discussed in this review.
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24
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Cytokines elevated in patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure promote NK cell mediated cytotoxicity through TRAIL. Dig Liver Dis 2016; 48:528-535. [PMID: 26860239 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The role of NK cells on inducing liver injury in patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is not well understood. The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)-expressed NK cells from HBV-ACLF patients and facilitate a better understanding of the immune pathogenesis of HBV-ACLF. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were obtained from HBV-ACLF patients, mild chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and healthy controls (HC). Circulating NK cells phenotype was determined using flow cytometry. Serum cytokine concentrations were ascertained using the CBA Inflammation kit. Cell apoptosis was analyzed using the FITC-annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit. RESULTS Peripheral NK cells from HBV-ACLF expressed higher levels of TRAIL than those from CHB and HC. Expression of TRAIL on NK cells was correlated positively with serum IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in HBV-ACLF patients, which is further confirmed by cytokines stimulation in vitro. NK cells caused a significant increase of apoptotic hepatocytes, and further increased the frequency of apoptosis in IL-6 and IL8-stimulated hepatocytes; the apoptosis was then inhibited partially by an anti-TRAIL monoclonal antibody. CONCLUSION These results suggested that inflammation cytokines elevated in patients with HBV-ACLF may promote NK cell mediated cytotoxicity through TRAIL pathway.
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25
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Shekhar S, Yang X. Natural killer cells in host defense against veterinary pathogens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 168:30-4. [PMID: 26553564 PMCID: PMC7112915 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells constitute a major subset of innate lymphoid cells that do not express the T- and B-cell receptors and play an important role in antimicrobial defense. NK cells not only induce early and rapid innate immune responses, but also communicate with dendritic cells to shape the adaptive immunity, thus bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Although the functional biology of NK cells is well-documented in a variety of infections in humans and mice, their role in protecting domestic animals from infectious agents is only beginning to be understood. In this article, we summarize the current state of knowledge about the contribution of NK cells in pathogen defense in domestic animals, especially cattle and pigs. Understanding the immunobiology of NK cells will translate into strategies to manipulate these cells for preventive and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Shekhar
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Xi Yang
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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26
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Petrushkin H, Hasan MS, Stanford MR, Fortune F, Wallace GR. Behçet's Disease: Do Natural Killer Cells Play a Significant Role? Front Immunol 2015; 6:134. [PMID: 25852697 PMCID: PMC4371743 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a complex inflammatory disease, of unknown etiology. While disease pathogenesis remains unclear, a strong relationship between BD and HLA-B*51 has been established over the last 30 years. A number of theories exist regarding the cause of BD; however, few are able to account for the increased rates of HLA-B*51 positive individuals, particularly around the Mediterranean basin and Middle-East where the prevalence is highest. This review outlines current immunogenetic data on BD and the immunoregulatory role natural killer cells may play. It also describes the interaction of the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor - KIR3DL1 with its ligand Bw4, which is found on HLA-B51. Finally, CD94/NKG2D, MICA, and ERAP are outlined with regard to their potential roles in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Petrushkin
- Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Md Samiul Hasan
- Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Miles R Stanford
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, St Thomas's Hospital , London , UK
| | - Farida Fortune
- Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Graham R Wallace
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
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27
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Navabi SS, Doroudchi M, Tashnizi AH, Habibagahi M. Natural Killer Cell Functional Activity After 4-1BB Costimulation. Inflammation 2014; 38:1181-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Bodduluru LN, Kasala ER, Madhana RMR, Sriram CS. Natural killer cells: the journey from puzzles in biology to treatment of cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 357:454-67. [PMID: 25511743 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate immune effectors that are primarily involved in immunosurveillance to spontaneously eliminate malignantly transformed and virally infected cells without prior sensitization. NK cells trigger targeted attack through release of cytotoxic granules, and secrete various cytokines and chemokines to promote subsequent adaptive immune responses. NK cells selectively attack target cells with diminished major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression. This "Missing-self" recognition by NK cells at first puzzled researchers in the early 1990s, and the mystery was solved with the discovery of germ line encoded killer immunoglobulin receptors that recognize MHC-I molecules. This review summarizes the biology of NK cells detailing the phenotypes, receptors and functions; interactions of NK cells with dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages and T cells. Further we discuss the various strategies to modulate NK cell activity and the practice of NK cells in cancer immunotherapy employing NK cell lines, autologous, allogeneic and genetically engineered cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Narendra Bodduluru
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781032, India.
| | - Eshvendar Reddy Kasala
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781032, India
| | - Rajaram Mohan Rao Madhana
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781032, India
| | - Chandra Shaker Sriram
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781032, India
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Esin S, Batoni G. Natural killer cells: a coherent model for their functional role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Innate Immun 2014; 7:11-24. [PMID: 25196698 DOI: 10.1159/000363321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is still a leading cause of bacterial infection worldwide, with an estimate of over two billion people latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). A delicate interplay between MTB and the host's innate and acquired immune system can influence the outcome of the infection, which ranges from pathogen elimination to the establishment of a latent infection or a progressive disease. Although the host cell-mediated adaptive immune response is of vital importance in the control of MTB infection, growing evidence indicates that innate immune cells may greatly influence the outcome of the interaction between the bacterium and the host. Among the cell populations likely to play a role in the host immune response to MTB, natural killer (NK) cells have recently attracted considerable interest. This review is dedicated to dissecting the role of NK cells in immunity to tuberculosis, reporting the most relevant findings and providing a working model of the possible contribution of NK cells in early and late events associated with MTB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semih Esin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Schuch A, Hoh A, Thimme R. The role of natural killer cells and CD8(+) T cells in hepatitis B virus infection. Front Immunol 2014; 5:258. [PMID: 24917866 PMCID: PMC4042360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the main causes of chronic liver diseases that may progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Host immune responses are important factors that determine whether HBV infection is cleared or persists. Natural killer (NK) cells represent the main effector population of the innate immune system and are abundant in the human liver. Recently, it has been demonstrated that NK cells not only exhibit antiviral functions but may also regulate adaptive immune responses by deletion of HBV-specific CD8+ T cells. It is well-established that HBV-specific CD8+ T cells contribute to virus elimination. However, the mechanisms contributing to CD8+ T cell failure in chronic HBV infection are not well-understood. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge about NK cells and CD8+ T cells and illustrate their contribution to viral clearance and persistence in HBV infection. Moreover, novel immunological in vitro model systems and techniques to analyze HBV-specific CD8+ T cells, which are barely detectable using current multimer staining methods, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Schuch
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany ; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Alexander Hoh
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany ; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany ; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
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Todros-Dawda I, Kveberg L, Vaage JT, Inngjerdingen M. The tetraspanin CD53 modulates responses from activating NK cell receptors, promoting LFA-1 activation and dampening NK cell effector functions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97844. [PMID: 24832104 PMCID: PMC4022634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells express several tetraspanin proteins, which differentially modulate NK cell activities. The tetraspanin CD53 is expressed by all resting NK cells and was previously shown to decrease NK cell cytotoxicity upon ligation. Here, we show that CD53 ligation reduced degranulation of rat NK cells in response to tumour target cells, evoked redirected inhibition of killing of Fc-bearing targets, and reduced the IFN-γ response induced by plate-bound antibodies towards several activating NK cell receptors (Ly49s3, NKR-P1A, and NKp46). CD53 induced activation of the β2 integrin LFA-1, which was further enhanced upon co-stimulation with activating NK cell receptors. Concordant with a role for CD53 in increasing NK cell adhesiveness, CD53 ligation induced a strong homotypic adhesion between NK cells. Further, the proliferative capacity of NK cells to a suboptimal dose of IL-2 was enhanced by CD53 ligation. Taken together, these data suggest that CD53 may shift NK cell responses from effector functions towards a proliferation phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Todros-Dawda
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Kveberg
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John T. Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Inngjerdingen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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Clark DA. The use and misuse of animal analog models of human pregnancy disorders. J Reprod Immunol 2014; 103:1-8. [PMID: 24725995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that the differences between placentation in humans and rodents, such as mice, are sufficient to render human pregnancy unique and to justify ignoring data generated using mice. Detailed examination of the placenta-decidua interaction and decidual NK cell composition in humans, and mice, show that the principles are the same. Indeed, the rat placenta is useful in showing an intermediary arrangement between humans and mice. This is consistent with the thesis of Darwin that structures of older species evolve with development of new species to provide a survival advantage. Molecular details may differ between species, but also between individuals given gene polymorphisms. Human data on interaction of HLA-C2 with NK cell KIR receptors has been used to suggest that human pregnancy problems such as recurrent miscarriage, fetal growth retardation, and pre-eclampsia are due to lack of activation of true uterine NK cell (TuNK) functions that promote trophoblast cell growth and invasion which prevents such problems. But when TuNKs bear certain KIR phenotypes, pathology results. It is shown that such mechanisms could only be pertinent in less than one-third of recurrent miscarriage patients. Activated blood-type NK cells that enter the uterus (BuNKs) remain the major effector of pregnancy loss in humans, and this is consistent with data from the mouse. The importance of activated BuNKs in pre-eclampsia and fetal growth retardation merits further investigation as pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction are also manifest in the CBAxDBA/2 mouse model where activated NK cells are the initiator of abortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Clark
- McMaster University Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Room 3H1E, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, Canada.
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In vivo administration of a JAK3 inhibitor during acute SIV infection leads to significant increases in viral load during chronic infection. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1003929. [PMID: 24603870 PMCID: PMC3946395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The studies reported herein are the first to document the effect of the in vivo administration of a JAK3 inhibitor for defining the potential role of NK cells during acute SIV infection of a group of 15 rhesus macaques (RM). An additional group of 16 MHC/KIR typed RM was included as controls. The previously optimized in vivo dose regimen (20 mg/kg daily for 35 days) led to a marked depletion of each of the major NK cell subsets both in the blood and gastro-intestinal tissues (GIT) during acute infection. While such depletion had no detectable effects on plasma viral loads during acute infection, there was a significant sustained increase in plasma viral loads during chronic infection. While the potential mechanisms that lead to such increased plasma viral loads during chronic infection remain unclear, several correlates were documented. Thus, during acute infection, the administration of the JAK3 inhibitor besides depleting all NK cell subsets also decreased some CD8+ T cells and inhibited the mobilization of the plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the blood and their localization to the GIT. Of interest is the finding that the administration of the JAK3 inhibitor during acute infection also resulted in the sustained maintenance during chronic infection of a high number of naïve and central memory CD4+ T cells, increases in B cells in the blood, but decreases in the frequencies and function of NKG2a+ NK cells within the GIT and blood, respectively. These data identify a unique role for JAK3 inhibitor sensitive cells, that includes NK cells during acute infection that in concert lead to high viral loads in SIV infected RM during chronic infection without affecting detectable changes in antiviral humoral/cellular responses. Identifying the precise mechanisms by which JAK3 sensitive cells exert their influence is critical with important implications for vaccine design against lentiviruses. In efforts to define the potential role of innate immune effector mechanisms in influencing the course of SIV infection during the acute infection period, our lab utilized the in vivo daily administration of 20 mg/kg orally of a compound called Tofacitinib (a Janus kinase 3 inhibitor) to a group of 15 rhesus macaques starting at day −6 and until day 28 post intravenous SIVmac239 infection. An additional group of 16 similarly SIV infected rhesus macaques served as a placebo control. This drug targets the JAK/STAT pathway that is utilized by cells including the NK cell lineage, a major cell of the innate immune system. The dosage utilized was based on extensive previous PK studies that resulted in a marked depletion of the NK cells. Of interest while such drug administration had no effect on plasma viral loads during acute infection, such drug administration led to significant increases in plasma and gastro-intestinal tissues (GIT) viral loads during chronic infection. A series of phenotypic/functional studies were performed to determine the mechanisms for this delayed effect and the correlates identified. These data are the first to document the effect of JAK-3 inhibitor during acute SIV infection with implications for HIV vaccine design.
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NK cells in hepatitis B virus infection: a potent target for immunotherapy. Arch Virol 2014; 159:1555-65. [PMID: 24445811 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Viruses, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), are the most prevalent and infectious agents that lead to liver disease in humans. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis of the liver are the most serious complications arising from prolonged forms of hepatitis B. Previous studies demonstrated that patients suffering from long-term HBV infections are unable to eradicate HBV from hepatocytes completely. The mechanisms responsible for progression of these forms of infection have not yet been clarified. However, it seems that there are differences in genetic and immunological parameters when comparing patients to subjects who successfully clear HBV infections, and these may represent the causes of long-term infection. Natural killer (NK) cells, the main innate immune cells that target viral infections, play important roles in the eradication of HBV from hepatocytes. NK cells carry several stimulatory and inhibitor receptors, and binding of receptors with their ligands results in activation and suppression of NK cells, respectively. The aim of this review is to address the recent information regarding NK cell phenotype, functions and modifications in hepatitis B. This review addresses the recent data regarding the roles of NK cells as novel targets for immunotherapies that target hepatitis B infection. It also discusses the potential to reduce the risk of HCC or cirrhosis of the liver by targeting NK cells.
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Immune status of Fanconi anemia patients: decrease in T CD8 and CD56dim CD16+ NK lymphocytes. Ann Hematol 2013; 93:761-7. [PMID: 24240977 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare genetic disease in which patients' life is compromised mainly by hematological abnormalities and cancer prone, seems to be affected by subtle immune cell irregularities. Knowing that FA presents developmental abnormalities and, based on recent reports, suggesting that natural killer (NK) CD56(dim) and NK CD56(bright) correspond to sequential differentiation pathways, we investigated if there were changes on the total number of NK cells and subsets as well as on T CD4 and T CD8 lymphocytes and their ratio. A large sample of FA patients (n = 42) was used in this work, and the results were correlated to clinical hematological status of these patients. Among FA patients, a decreased proportion of T CD8(+) and NK CD56(dim)CD16(+) cells were observed when compared to healthy controls as well as an imbalance of the subsets NK lymphocytes. Data suggest that FA patients might have a defective cytotoxic response due to the lower number of cytotoxic cells as well as impairment in the differentiation process of the NK cells subsets which may be directly related to impairment of the immune surveillance observed in these patients.
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Plantone D, Marti A, Frisullo G, Iorio R, Damato V, Nociti V, Patanella AK, Bianco A, Mirabella M, Batocchi AP. Circulating CD56dim NK cells expressing perforin are increased in progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 265:124-7. [PMID: 24157130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study we evaluated the percentages of CD3(-)CD56(bright), CD3(-)CD56(dim), CD3(-)CD56(bright)perforin(+) and CD3(-)CD56(dim)perforin(+) Natural Killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood from untreated secondary progressive (SP) and primary progressive (PP) multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and age and sex matched healthy subjects. Both PPMS patients and SPMS patients showed increased percentages of circulating CD3(-)CD56(dim)perforin(+) NK cells than healthy subjects. The increased percentage of CD3(-)CD56(dim) NK cells expressing perforin in patients affected by the progressive forms of MS suggests a possible role of this NK cell subpopulation in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Ballas ZK, Buchta CM, Rosean TR, Heusel JW, Shey MR. Role of NK cell subsets in organ-specific murine melanoma metastasis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65599. [PMID: 23776508 PMCID: PMC3679158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis plays a major role in the morbidity and mortality of cancer patients. Among solid tumors that undergo metastasis, there is often a predilection to metastasize to a particular organ with, for example, prostate cancer preferentially metastasizing to bones and colon cancer preferentially metastasizing to the liver. Although many factors are thought to be important in establishing permissiveness for metastasis, the reasons for organ-specific predilection of each tumor are not understood. Using a B16 murine melanoma model, we tested the hypothesis that organ-specific NK cell subsets play a critical role in organ-specific metastasis of this tumor. Melanoma cells, given intravenously, readily colonized the lungs but not the liver. NK cell depletion (either iatrogenically or by using genetically targeted mice) resulted in substantial hepatic metastasis. Analysis of NK cell subsets, defined by the differential expression of a combination of CD27 and CD11b, indicated a significant difference in the distribution of NK cell subsets in the lung and liver with the mature subset being dominant in the lung and the immature subset being dominant in the liver. Several experimental approaches, including adoptive transfer, clearly indicated that the immature hepatic NK cell subset, CD27+ CD11b–, was protective against liver metastasis; this subset mediated its protection by a perforin-dependent cytotoxic mechanism. In contrast, the more mature NK cell subsets were more efficient at reducing pulmonary tumor load. These data indicate that organ-specific immune responses may play a pivotal role in determining the permissiveness of a given organ for the establishment of a metastatic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhair K. Ballas
- Iowa City VA Medical Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZKB); (MRS)
| | - Claire M. Buchta
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Timothy R. Rosean
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jonathan W. Heusel
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Shey
- Iowa City VA Medical Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZKB); (MRS)
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Parekh C, Crooks GM. Critical differences in hematopoiesis and lymphoid development between humans and mice. J Clin Immunol 2013; 33:711-5. [PMID: 23274800 PMCID: PMC3633618 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-012-9844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During the last five decades, elegant mouse models of hematopoiesis have yielded most of the seminal insights into this complex biological system of self-renewal and lineage commitment. More recent advances in assays to measure human stem and progenitor cells as well as high resolution RNA profiling have revealed that although the basic roadmap of blood development is generally conserved across mammals, evolutionary pressures have generated many differences between the species that have important biological and translational implications. To enhance the utility of the mouse as a model organism, it is more important than ever that research data are presented with regard to how they might be influenced by the species of origin as well as the developmental source of the hematopoietic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan Parekh
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Gay M. Crooks
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA
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Abstract
Organs such as the liver, uterus and lung possess hallmark immunotolerant features, making these organs important for sustaining self-homeostasis. These organs contain a relatively large amount of negative regulatory immune cells, which are believed to take part in the regulation of immune responses. Because natural killer cells constitute a large proportion of all lymphocytes in these organs, increasing attention has been given to the roles that these cells play in maintaining immunotolerance. Here, we review the distribution, differentiation, phenotypic features and functional features of natural killer cells in these immunotolerant organs, in addition to the influence of local microenvironments on these cells and how these factors contribute to organ-specific diseases.
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Mair KH, Müllebner A, Essler SE, Duvigneau JC, Storset AK, Saalmüller A, Gerner W. Porcine CD8αdim/-NKp46high NK cells are in a highly activated state. Vet Res 2013; 44:13. [PMID: 23452562 PMCID: PMC3599810 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in the early phase of immune responses against various pathogens. In swine so far only little information about this lymphocyte population exists. Phenotypical analyses with newly developed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against porcine NKp46 recently revealed that in blood NKp46- and NKp46+ cells with NK phenotype exist with comparable cytotoxic properties. In spleen a third NKp46-defined population with NK phenotype was observed that was characterised by a low to negative CD8α and increased NKp46 expression. In the current study it is shown that this NKp46high phenotype was correlated with an increased expression of CD16 and CD27 compared to the CD8α+NKp46- and NKp46+ NK-cell subsets in spleen and blood. Additionally NKp46high NK cells expressed elevated levels of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 on mRNA level. Functional analyses revealed that splenic NKp46high NK cells produced much higher levels of Interferon-γ and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α upon stimulation with cytokines or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate/Ionomycin compared to the other two subsets. Furthermore, cross-linking of NKp46 by NKp46-specific mAbs led to a superior CD107a expression in the NKp46high NK cells, thus indicating a higher cytolytic capacity of this subset. Therefore porcine splenic NKp46high NK cells represent a highly activated subset of NK cells and may play a profound role in the immune surveillance of this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin H Mair
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Müllebner
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine E Essler
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Catharina Duvigneau
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne K Storset
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146, Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilhelm Gerner
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Yokota M, Fukui A, Funamizu A, Nakamura R, Kamoi M, Fuchinoue K, Sasaki Y, Fukuhara R, Mizunuma H. Role of NKp46 expression in cytokine production by CD56-positive NK cells in the peripheral blood and the uterine endometrium. Am J Reprod Immunol 2013; 69:202-11. [PMID: 23311919 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM To investigate the role of natural cytotoxicity receptor, NKp46 expression in cytokine-producing NK cells. METHOD OF STUDY CD56(+) /NKp46(+) NK cells from the peripheral blood and the uterine endometrium were magnetically separated. IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β(1) expressions on NK cells were investigated using multicolor flow cytometry. RESULTS Peripheral blood and uterine endometrial NK cells were grouped into 4 subpopulations based upon the degree of CD56 and NKp46 expressions. NKp46 expression was associated with higher frequency of cytokine-producing NK cells, including CD56(dim) NK cells. The percentage of TNF-α(+) and IL-10(+) NK cells per total CD56(+) /NKp46(+) NK cells in the uterine endometrium showed a significant correlation with those of the peripheral blood in all subpopulations, but that of IFN-γ(+) , IL-4(+,) and TGF-β(1) (+) NK cells showed partial correlation. CONCLUSION Expression of NKp46 is involved in cytokine production of CD56(+) NK cells in the peripheral blood and the uterine endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Yokota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan.
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Abstract
Flow cytometry is increasingly recognized as an invaluable technology in biomarker research. Owing to its multiparametric nature it can provide highly detailed information on any single cell in a heterogeneous population. Its versatility means it can be conducted in both the preclinical and clinical setting, generating biomarker data that can drive decisions pertaining to dose selection in clinical trials, treatment options for cancer sufferers and even suitability of patients to receive transplants. Most tissue types can be utilized by the flow cytometrist, allowing the technology to be applied to many fields of research, yet consensus still needs to be reached on standardization, regulation and validation of multiparametric flow cytometry assays. In parallel, continual innovation in analysis software to manage the huge datasets that can be generated is also needed. Nevertheless, the flexibility of flow cytometry means that it remains at the forefront of both routine and exploratory biomarker studies.
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Inngjerdingen M, Kveberg L, Vaage JT. A Novel NKR-P1Bbright NK Cell Subset Expresses an Activated CD25+CX3CR1+CD62L−CD11b−CD27− Phenotype and Is Prevalent in Blood, Liver, and Gut-Associated Lymphoid Organs of Rats. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:2499-508. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), since its development in the 1980s, has undergone a great deal of technological advancement in imaging, scopes with larger channels and accessories. This has given the endosonographer an immense reach in terms of accessing difficult areas with fewer complications. Currently, it is possible not only to obtain tissue for histological diagnosis but also to perform therapeutic procedures that hitherto would have needed surgery with its attendant morbidity. EUS has evolved over the years and EUS-guided fine needle aspiration for histological diagnosis has become standard practice. A wide array of interventional procedures are performed under EUS guidance including, celiac plexus neurolysis, drainage of pancreatic and pelvic fluid collections, drainage of obstructive biliary/pancreatic ducts, and implantation of fiducial markers/radioactive seeds into gastrointestinal tumors. Also, various experimental procedures are underway evaluating the role of EUS in radiofrequency ablation, vascular therapy, and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery. In this review, we examine the various EUS-guided interventions currently undertaken and explore the potential of other emerging experimental techniques.
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