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Malas N, Kochaji C, Soukkarieh C, Almonakel MB, Alzoubi H. Association of Dental Caries in Primary Teeth With HLA Class II Gene Among Syrian Children. Cureus 2024; 16:e53081. [PMID: 38414691 PMCID: PMC10897358 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Numerous studies have shown that there is evidence that genetic factors contribute in different ways to the occurrence of caries lesions, and the multiple differences in the human leucocytes antigen (HLA) gene patterns play an important role in the body's immune response. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between some HLA class II alleles (HLA-DR4, HLA-DQ2, HLA-DQ4) and early childhood caries (ECC) occurrence in Syrian children. Materials and methods The study included 80 children aged three to six, divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 40) being severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) children (deft ≥ 10) and Group 2 (n = 40) being free caries children (deft = 0). The genomic DNAs were extracted and collected by taking a buccal swab using a sterile metal strip and were amplified by polymerase chain reaction-single specific primer (PCR-SSP) and then HLA-typing was performed for all alleles. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of occurrence of S-ECC, HLA-DR4, and HLA-DQ2 alleles (p = 0.626, 0.256 respectively), while the incidence of S-ECC was associated with the DQ4 allele (p = 0.012). Conclusion HLA class II molecules may play a crucial role in predisposing to ECC, since positive HLA-DQ4 may enhance the chance of developing ECC. However, no association were found between (HLA-DR4 and HLA-DQ2) and ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassouh Malas
- Pediatric Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, SYR
| | - Chaza Kochaji
- Pediatric Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, SYR
| | | | | | - Hasan Alzoubi
- Pediatric Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, SYR
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Wang L, Li B, Tie X, Liu T, Zheng S, Liu Y. Association between HLA-DRB1* allele polymorphism and caries susceptibility in Han Chinese children and adolescents in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060519893852. [PMID: 31891288 PMCID: PMC7645358 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519893852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rate of caries and the mean number of decayed, missing, or filled teeth were reported to be significantly higher in children in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region than in children in eastern China. Little is known regarding the genetic basis of caries among residents of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. This study investigated the association between HLA-DRB1 alleles and caries susceptibility in Han Chinese children and adolescents in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. METHODS HLA-DRB1 allele frequency was assessed in DNA samples from buccal swabs of 42 patients with caries and 123 healthy control participants using a polymerase chain reaction method with sequence-specific primers. The chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test, followed by Bonferroni correction, was used to calculate differences in allele frequencies between groups. RESULTS Compared with the healthy controls, the allele frequency of HLA-DRB1*13 was significantly higher in patients with caries in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (35.71% vs. 18.70%). The allele frequency of HLA-DRB1*09 was significantly lower in patients with caries than in healthy controls (4.76% vs. 25.20%). CONCLUSIONS HLA-DRB1*13 alleles could confer greater caries susceptibility, whereas HLA-DRB1*09 could be protective against caries pathogenesis, in Han Chinese children in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Boqi Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Tie
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Shutao Zheng
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Yishan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
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Takahashi N, Sulijaya B, Yamada-Hara M, Tsuzuno T, Tabeta K, Yamazaki K. Gingival epithelial barrier: regulation by beneficial and harmful microbes. Tissue Barriers 2019; 7:e1651158. [PMID: 31389292 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2019.1651158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gingival epithelium acts as a physical barrier to separate the biofilm from the gingival tissue, providing the first line of defense against bacterial invasion in periodontal disease. Disruption of the gingival epithelial barrier, and the subsequent penetration of exogenous pathogens into the host tissues, triggers an inflammatory response, establishing chronic infection. Currently, more than 700 different bacterial species have been identified in the oral cavity, some of which are known to be periodontopathic. These bacteria contribute to epithelial barrier dysfunction in the gingiva by producing several virulence factors. However, some bacteria in the oral cavity appear to be beneficial, helping gingival epithelial cells maintain their integrity and barrier function. This review aims to discuss current findings regarding microorganism interactions and epithelial barrier function in the oral cavity, with reference to investigations in the gut, where this interaction has been extensively studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takahashi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan.,Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Benso Sulijaya
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan.,Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia , Jakarta , Indonesia
| | - Miki Yamada-Hara
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan.,Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuzuno
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan.,Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yamazaki
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
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McCarlie VW, Hartsfield JK, Blum JS, González-Cabezas C, Chin JR, Eckert GJ, Morford LA, Pescovitz MD, Rodriguez H, Fontana M, Gregory RL. Total IgA and IgA reactivity to antigen I/II epitopes in HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects. OPEN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 3:82-92. [PMID: 24386612 PMCID: PMC3875298 DOI: 10.4236/oji.2013.33012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial adherence to the acquired dental pellicle, important in dental caries (caries), is mediated by receptor-adhesins such as salivary agglutinin binding to Streptococcus mutans antigen I/II (I/II). Ten selected I/II epitopes were chosen to determine their reactivity to human salivary IgA. Previous studies suggested that a specific HLA biomarker group (HLA-DRB1*04) may have differential influence of immune responses to I/II. However, it was not known whether secretory IgA (SIgA) responses to the selected epitopes from HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects were different compared to controls, or across other caries-related factors such as total IgA (TIgA). Thirty-two total subjects were matched according to HLA type, gender, ethnicity and age. HLA genotyping, oral bacterial, immunoglobulin and antibody analyses were performed. A large observed difference emerged with regard to the natural immune reservoir of TIgA in HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects, specifically, a 27.6% reduction compared to controls. In contrast to all other epitopes studied, HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects also exhibited reduced reactivity to I/II epitope 834-853. HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects exhibited lower specific SIgA activity/TIgA to 834-853 and also a lower specific reactivity to 834-853/whole cell S. mutans UA159. Furthermore, HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects exhibited lower responses to I/II in its entirety. The large observed difference in TIgA and the 834-853 reactivity pattern across multiple measures suggest potentially important connections pertaining to the link between HLA-DRB1*04 and caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Wallace McCarlie
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, USA
| | - James K. Hartsfield
- Center for Oral Health Research, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Colleges of Dentistry and Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Janice S. Blum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Carlos González-Cabezas
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Judith R. Chin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - George J. Eckert
- Department of Biostatistics, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Lorri A. Morford
- Center for Oral Health Research, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Mark D. Pescovitz
- Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Margherita Fontana
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Richard L. Gregory
- Departments of Oral Biology and Preventive and Community Dentistry, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schools of Dentistry and Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
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Abstract
The mouth is a favorable habitat for a great variety of bacteria. Microbial composition of dental plaque is the usual cause of various oral diseases in humans, including dental caries, periodontal disease and halitosis. In general, oral antibacterial agents such as antibiotics are commonly used to treat oral bacterial infection. Traditional periodontal surgery is painful and time-consuming. In addition, bacterial resistance and toxicity of antibiotics have become a global pandemic and unavoidable. Recently, vaccines for dental caries and periodontal disease have been developed and applied. Moreover, the use of photodynamic therapy has become an alternative to antibiotic drugs. The purpose of this article is to highlight the advantages of vaccine therapy and photodynamic therapy for oral microbial-related diseases compared to treatments with antimicrobial agents and traditional periodontal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Feng Liu
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Hong Zhu
- Center on Proteolytic Pathways, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chun-Ming Huang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare Center, San Diego, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center; University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Corby PM, Bretz WA, Hart TC, Schork NJ, Wessel J, Lyons-Weiler J, Paster BJ. Heritability of oral microbial species in caries-active and caries-free twins. Twin Res Hum Genet 2008; 10:821-8. [PMID: 18179393 DOI: 10.1375/twin.10.6.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Oral microbes that colonize in the mouths of humans contribute to disease susceptibility, but it is unclear if host genetic factors mediate colonization. We therefore tested the hypothesis that the levels at which oral microbes colonize in the mouth are heritable. Dental plaque biofilms were sampled from intact tooth surfaces of 118 caries-free twins. An additional 86 caries-active twins were sampled for plaque from carious lesions and intact tooth surfaces. Using a reverse capture checkerboard assay the relative abundance of 82 bacterial species was determined. An integrative computational predictive model determined microbial abundance patterns of microbial species in caries-free twins as compared to caries-active twins. Heritability estimates were calculated for the relative microbial abundance levels of the microbial species in both groups. The levels of 10 species were significantly different in healthy individuals than in caries-active individuals, including, A. defectiva, S. parasanguinis, S. mitis/oralis, S. sanguinis, S. cristatus, S. salivarius, Streptococcus sp. clone CH016, G. morbillorum and G. haemolysans. Moderate to high heritability estimates were found for these species (h(2) = 56%-80%, p < .0001). Similarity of the overall oral microbial flora was also evident in caries-free twins from multivariate distance matrix regression analysis. It appears that genetic and/or familial factors significantly contribute to the colonization of oral beneficial species in twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Corby
- New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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