1
|
Garcia MT, Namba AM, do Carmo PHF, Pedroso LLC, de Lima PMN, Gonçale JC, Junqueira JC. Antimicrobial effects of surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) eluate against oral microcosm biofilm. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:390-401. [PMID: 38945827 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2371817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of surface pre-reacted glass ionomer eluate (S-PRG) against oral microcosm biofilms collected from the oral cavity of patients. Dental biofilm samples were collected from three volunteers to form microcosm biofilms in vitro. Initially, screening tests were carried out to determine the biofilm treatment conditions with S-PRG eluate. The effects of a daily treatment for 5 min using three microcosm biofilms from different patients was then evaluated. For this, biofilms were formed on tooth enamel specimens for 120 h. Biofilms treated with 100% S-PRG for 5 min per day for 5 days showed a reduction in the number of total microorganisms, streptococci and mutans streptococci. SEM images confirmed a reduction in the biofilm after treatment. Furthermore, S-PRG also reduced lactic acid production. It was concluded that S-PRG eluate reduced the microbial load and lactic acid production in oral microcosm biofilms, reinforcing its promising use as a mouthwash agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Terra Garcia
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, São José dos Campos, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Andressa Mayumi Namba
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, São José dos Campos, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Fonseca do Carmo
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, São José dos Campos, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Lara Luise Castro Pedroso
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, São José dos Campos, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Michele Nagai de Lima
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, São José dos Campos, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Juliana Caparroz Gonçale
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, São José dos Campos, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, São José dos Campos, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kallás MS, Guardieiro B, Henrique EA, Silva DG, Takashi DA, Marchini L. Telehealth in geriatric dentistry: A comparative analysis of concordance between virtual and in-person examinations for hospitalized older patients. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38984414 DOI: 10.1111/scd.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to assess the concordance between in-person clinical and virtual oral examinations among hospitalized older adults. METHODS A single examiner performed an in-person clinical examination, recorded systemic health history and oral health indices, clinically documented the Bedside Oral Exam (BOE), and captured photographs for subsequent analysis during a virtual examination. Following a 90-day washout period, a virtual examination was repeated by the same examiner and by a second examiner. Descriptive analysis and a Kappa test were used to compare proportions and evaluate the agreement between results. RESULTS Intra-examiners presented high percentage of agreement in all domains of BOE (80%-86%), with an exception for gingiva (78%). Kappa's intra-examiners presented moderate scores in saliva, mucous membrane, gingiva and teeth/dentures domains and a strong score in the tongue domain (0.839). Inter examiners presented moderate agreement in lips and gingiva, saliva, mucous membrane, and teeth/dentures domains. Inter examiners Kappa scores were weak for lips (0.395) and gingiva (0.498) domains; moderate for saliva (0.703), mucous membrane (0.769) and teeth/dentures (0.714) domains and strong for the tongue domain (0.872). CONCLUSION In this study, a moderate level of agreement was observed between clinical and virtual oral examinations among older hospitalized patients. These findings are encouraging and warrant further investigation about how teledentistry can be used to enhance oral health access to this vulnerable population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monira Samaan Kallás
- Telehealth center, SyrianLebaneseHospital, Advanced Geriatrics Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Deise Garrido Silva
- Telehealth center, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lim TW, Huang S, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Burrow MF, McGrath C. Characterization of pathogenic microbiome on removable prostheses with different levels of cleanliness using 2bRAD-M metagenomic sequencing. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2317059. [PMID: 38410192 PMCID: PMC10896157 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2317059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The microbiomes on the surface of unclean removable prostheses are complex and yet largely underexplored using metagenomic sequencing technology. Objectives To characterize the microbiome of removable prostheses with different levels of cleanliness using Type IIB Restriction-site Associated DNA for Microbiome (2bRAD-M) sequencing and compare the Microbial Index of Pathogenic Bacteria (MIP) between clean and unclean prostheses. Materials and Methods Ninety-seven removable prostheses were classified into 'clean' and 'unclean' groups. All prosthesis plaque samples underwent 2bRAD metagenomic sequencing to characterize the species-resolved microbial composition. MIPs for clean and unclean prostheses were calculated based on the sum of the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria in a microbiome using a reference database that contains opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and disease-associated information. Results Beta diversity analyses based on Jaccard qualitative and Bray-Curtis quantitative distance matrices identified significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.05). There was a significant enrichment of many pathogenic bacteria in the unclean prosthesis group. The MIP for unclean prostheses (0.47 ± 0.25) was significantly higher than for clean prostheses (0.37 ± 0.29), p = 0.029. Conclusions The microbial community of plaque samples from 'unclean' prostheses demonstrated compositional differences compared with 'clean' prostheses. In addition, the pathogenic microbiome in the 'unclean' versus 'clean' group differed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wah Lim
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shi Huang
- Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuesong Jiang
- Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michael Francis Burrow
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Colman McGrath
- Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rivier CA, Renedo DB, de Havenon A, Sunmonu NA, Gill TM, Payabvash S, Sheth KN, Falcone GJ. Association of Poor Oral Health With Neuroimaging Markers of White Matter Injury in Middle-Aged Participants in the UK Biobank. Neurology 2024; 102:e208010. [PMID: 38165331 PMCID: PMC10870735 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000208010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Poor oral health is a modifiable risk factor that is associated with clinically observed cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between oral and brain health is not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that poor oral health is associated with worse neuroimaging brain health profiles in middle-aged persons without stroke or dementia. METHODS We performed a 2-stage cross-sectional neuroimaging study using UK Biobank data. First, we tested for association between self-reported poor oral health and MRI neuroimaging markers of brain health. Second, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to test for association between genetically determined poor oral health and the same neuroimaging markers. Poor oral health was defined as the presence of dentures or loose teeth. As instruments for the MR analysis, we used 116 independent DNA sequence variants linked to increased composite risk of dentures or teeth that are decayed, missing, or filled. Neuroimaging markers of brain health included white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume and aggregate measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), 2 metrics indicative of white matter tract disintegrity obtained through diffusion tensor imaging across 48 brain regions. RESULTS We included 40,175 persons (mean age 55 years, female sex 53%) enrolled from 2006 to 2010, who underwent a dedicated research brain MRI between 2014 and 2016. Among participants, 5,470 (14%) had poor oral health. Poor oral health was associated with a 9% increase in WMH volume (β = 0.09, SD = 0.014, p < 0.001), 10% change in aggregate FA score (β = 0.10, SD = 0.013, p < 0.001), and 5% change in aggregate MD score (β = 0.05, SD = 0.013, p < 0.001). Genetically determined poor oral health was associated with a 30% increase in WMH volume (β = 0.30, SD = 0.06, p < 0.001), 43% change in aggregate FA score (β = 0.43, SD = 0.06, p < 0.001), and 10% change in aggregate MD score (β = 0.10, SD = 0.03, p < 0.01). DISCUSSION Among middle age Britons without stroke or dementia, poor oral health was associated with worse neuroimaging brain health profiles. Genetic analyses confirmed these associations, supporting a potentially causal association. Because the neuroimaging markers evaluated in this study precede and are established risk factors of stroke and dementia, our results suggest that oral health, an easily modifiable process, may be a promising target for very early interventions focused on improving brain health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyprien A Rivier
- From the Departments of Neurology (C.A.R., D.B.R., A.d.H., N.A.S., K.N.S., G.J.F.), Internal Medicine (T.M.G.), and Radiology (S.P.), Yale University School of Medicine; and Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health (C.A.R., A.d.H., S.P., K.N.S., G.J.F.), New Haven, CT
| | - Daniela B Renedo
- From the Departments of Neurology (C.A.R., D.B.R., A.d.H., N.A.S., K.N.S., G.J.F.), Internal Medicine (T.M.G.), and Radiology (S.P.), Yale University School of Medicine; and Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health (C.A.R., A.d.H., S.P., K.N.S., G.J.F.), New Haven, CT
| | - Adam de Havenon
- From the Departments of Neurology (C.A.R., D.B.R., A.d.H., N.A.S., K.N.S., G.J.F.), Internal Medicine (T.M.G.), and Radiology (S.P.), Yale University School of Medicine; and Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health (C.A.R., A.d.H., S.P., K.N.S., G.J.F.), New Haven, CT
| | - N Abimbola Sunmonu
- From the Departments of Neurology (C.A.R., D.B.R., A.d.H., N.A.S., K.N.S., G.J.F.), Internal Medicine (T.M.G.), and Radiology (S.P.), Yale University School of Medicine; and Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health (C.A.R., A.d.H., S.P., K.N.S., G.J.F.), New Haven, CT
| | - Thomas M Gill
- From the Departments of Neurology (C.A.R., D.B.R., A.d.H., N.A.S., K.N.S., G.J.F.), Internal Medicine (T.M.G.), and Radiology (S.P.), Yale University School of Medicine; and Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health (C.A.R., A.d.H., S.P., K.N.S., G.J.F.), New Haven, CT
| | - Seyedmehdi Payabvash
- From the Departments of Neurology (C.A.R., D.B.R., A.d.H., N.A.S., K.N.S., G.J.F.), Internal Medicine (T.M.G.), and Radiology (S.P.), Yale University School of Medicine; and Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health (C.A.R., A.d.H., S.P., K.N.S., G.J.F.), New Haven, CT
| | - Kevin N Sheth
- From the Departments of Neurology (C.A.R., D.B.R., A.d.H., N.A.S., K.N.S., G.J.F.), Internal Medicine (T.M.G.), and Radiology (S.P.), Yale University School of Medicine; and Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health (C.A.R., A.d.H., S.P., K.N.S., G.J.F.), New Haven, CT
| | - Guido J Falcone
- From the Departments of Neurology (C.A.R., D.B.R., A.d.H., N.A.S., K.N.S., G.J.F.), Internal Medicine (T.M.G.), and Radiology (S.P.), Yale University School of Medicine; and Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health (C.A.R., A.d.H., S.P., K.N.S., G.J.F.), New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Correa S, Matamala L, González JP, de la Fuente M, Miranda H, Olivares B, Maureira M, Agüero A, Gómez L, Lee X, Urzúa M, Covarrubias C. Development of novel antimicrobial acrylic denture modified with copper nanoparticles. J Prosthodont Res 2024; 68:156-165. [PMID: 37211413 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_22_00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to synthesize heat-cured poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) acrylic formulated with copper nanoparticles (nCu) for producing dentures with antimicrobial properties and ability to prevent denture stomatitis (DS). METHODS nCu/PMMA nanocomposites were prepared through in situ formation of nCu into methyl methacrylate (MMA). The fabricated material was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, spectroscopy (energy-dispersive X-ray, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), X-ray diffraction analysis, and mechanical flexural tests (ISO 20795-1:2008). Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and oral bacteria was determined. MTS assay (ISO 10993-5:2009) and copper release experiments were conducted to assess cytotoxicity. In the clinical trial, participants wearing nCu/PMMA (n=25) and PMMA (n=25) dentures were compared; specifically, DS incidence and severity and Candida species proliferation were assessed for 12 months. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test (α=0.05). RESULTS nCu/PMMA nanocomposite loaded with 0.045% nCu exhibited the maximum antimicrobial activity against C. albicans and other oral bacteria without producing cytotoxicity in the wearer. nCu/PMMA dentures retained their mechanical and aesthetic properties as well as inhibited the growth of Candida species on both denture surface and patient palate. DS incidence and severity were lower in the nCu/PMMA denture group than in the PMMA denture group. CONCLUSIONS PMMA acrylic produced with copper nanotechnology is antimicrobial, biocompatible, and aesthetic and can reduce DS incidence. Thus, this material may act as a novel preventive alternative for oral infections associated with denture use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Correa
- Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreto Matamala
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo González
- Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica de la Fuente
- Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hetiel Miranda
- Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruno Olivares
- Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Maureira
- Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amaru Agüero
- Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leyla Gómez
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Oral Microbiology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Lee
- Public Health, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Madeleine Urzúa
- Public Health, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Covarrubias
- Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Le Bars P, Kouadio AA, Amouriq Y, Bodic F, Blery P, Bandiaky ON. Different Polymers for the Base of Removable Dentures? Part II: A Narrative Review of the Dynamics of Microbial Plaque Formation on Dentures. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:40. [PMID: 38201705 PMCID: PMC10780608 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the current disparities and gaps in research on the characteristics of the oral ecosystem of denture wearers, making a unique contribution to the literature on this topic. We aimed to synthesize the literature on the state of current knowledge concerning the biological behavior of the different polymers used in prosthetics. Whichever polymer is used in the composition of the prosthetic base (poly methyl methacrylate acrylic (PMMA), polyamide (PA), or polyether ether ketone (PEEK)), the simple presence of a removable prosthesis in the oral cavity can disturb the balance of the oral microbiota. This phenomenon is aggravated by poor oral hygiene, resulting in an increased microbial load coupled with the reduced salivation that is associated with older patients. In 15-70% of patients, this imbalance leads to the appearance of inflammation under the prosthesis (denture stomatitis, DS). DS is dependent on the equilibrium-as well as on the reciprocal, fragile, and constantly dynamic conditions-between the host and the microbiome in the oral cavity. Several local and general parameters contribute to this balance. Locally, the formation of microbial plaque on dentures (DMP) depends on the phenomena of adhesion, aggregation, and accumulation of microorganisms. To limit DMP, apart from oral and lifestyle hygiene, the prosthesis must be polished and regularly immersed in a disinfectant bath. It can also be covered with an insulating coating. In the long term, relining and maintenance of the prosthesis must also be established to control microbial proliferation. On the other hand, several general conditions specific to the host (aging; heredity; allergies; diseases such as diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular, respiratory, or digestive diseases; and immunodeficiencies) can make the management of DS difficult. Thus, the second part of this review addresses the complexity of the management of DMP depending on the polymer used. The methodology followed in this review comprised the formulation of a search strategy, definition of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and selection of studies for analysis. The PubMed database was searched independently for pertinent studies. A total of 213 titles were retrieved from the electronic databases, and after applying the exclusion criteria, we selected 84 articles on the possible microbial interactions between the prosthesis and the oral environment, with a particular emphasis on Candida albicans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Le Bars
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, F-44042 Nantes, France; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
- Nantes University, Oniris, University of Angers, CHU Nantes (Clinical Investigation Unit Odontology), INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Alain Ayepa Kouadio
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, F-44042 Nantes, France; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, CHU, Abidjan P.O. Box 612, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Yves Amouriq
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, F-44042 Nantes, France; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
- Nantes University, Oniris, University of Angers, CHU Nantes (Clinical Investigation Unit Odontology), INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - François Bodic
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, F-44042 Nantes, France; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
- Nantes University, Oniris, University of Angers, CHU Nantes (Clinical Investigation Unit Odontology), INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Pauline Blery
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, F-44042 Nantes, France; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
- Nantes University, Oniris, University of Angers, CHU Nantes (Clinical Investigation Unit Odontology), INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Octave Nadile Bandiaky
- Nantes University, Oniris, University of Angers, CHU Nantes (Clinical Investigation Unit Odontology), INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sampaio C, Pessan JP, Nunes GP, Magno MB, Maia LC, Exterkate R, Deng D, Monteiro DR. Are the counts of Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus changed in complete denture wearers carrying denture stomatitis? A systematic review with meta-analyses. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00180-4. [PMID: 37080861 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Despite the importance of Candida spp. on the etiology of denture stomatitis (DS), information on the role of the bacterial component is still scarce. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate whether the counts of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans were changed in complete denture wearers diagnosed with Candida-associated DS. MATERIAL AND METHODS The literature search was performed in 8 databases and by hand searching. The risk of bias was assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa qualifier. Meta-analyses were performed considering the microorganism evaluated (S. aureus or S. mutans) and the collection area (mucosa or dentures). The certainty of evidence was assessed according to the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluations (GRADE) criteria. RESULTS Participants with DS presented higher counts of S. aureus in the mucosa compared with those from the control group (OR, 3.16 [1.62, 6.15]; P<.001). No significant difference between the groups was observed for samples collected from dentures (OR, 0.73 [0.50, 1.07]; P=.110). Conversely, participants without DS presented higher counts of S. mutans both in the mucosa (OR, 0.19 [0.06, 0.63]; P=.006) and dentures (OR, 0.64 [0.41, 1.0]; P=.050). CONCLUSIONS Microbial counts in participants with DS changed as a function of the type of microorganism and collection site. The certainty of evidence ranged from very low to low. The findings reinforce the fact that bacteria also play a relevant role in DS and should be more extensively studied. Such information may be useful to guide further therapies to prevent or control DS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caio Sampaio
- PhD, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano P Pessan
- Associate Professor, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel P Nunes
- PhD student, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela B Magno
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucianne C Maia
- Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rob Exterkate
- Research Staff Member, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dongmei Deng
- Associate Professor, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Douglas R Monteiro
- Professor, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rivier CA, Renedo D, de Havenon A, Gill TM, Payabvash S, Sheth KN, Falcone GJ. Poor Oral Health Is Associated with Worse Brain Imaging Profiles. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.18.23287435. [PMID: 36993472 PMCID: PMC10055602 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.18.23287435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Importance Poor oral health is a modifiable risk factor that is associated with a variety of health outcomes. However, the relationship between oral and brain health is not well understood. Objective To test the hypothesis that poor oral health is associated with worse neuroimaging brain health profiles in persons without stroke or dementia. Design We conducted a 2-stage cross-sectional neuroimaging study using data from the UK Biobank (UKB). First, we tested for association between self-reported poor oral health and MRI neuroimaging markers of brain health. Second, we used Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses to test for association between genetically-determined poor oral health and the same neuroimaging markers. Setting Ongoing population study in the United Kingdom. The UKB enrolled participants between 2006 and 2010. Data analysis was performed from September 1, 2022, to January 10, 2023. Participants 40,175 persons aged 40 to 70 enrolled between 2006 to 2010 who underwent a dedicated research brain MRI between 2012 and 2013. Exposures During MRI assessment, poor oral health was defined as the presence of dentures or loose teeth. As instruments for the MR analysis, we used 116 independent DNA sequence variants known to significantly increase the composite risk of decayed, missing, or filled teeth and dentures. Main Outcomes and Measures As neuroimaging markers of brain health, we assessed the volume of white matter hyperintensities (WMH), as well as aggregate measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), two metrics indicative of white matter tract disintegrity obtained through diffusion tensor imaging. These measurements were evaluated across 48 distinct brain regions, with FA and MD values for each region also considered as individual outcomes for the MR method. Results Among study participants, 5,470 (14%) had poor oral health. We found that poor oral health was associated with a 9% increase in WMH volume (beta = 0.09, standard deviation (SD) = 0.014, p P< 0.001), a 10% change in the aggregate FA score (beta = 0.10, SD = 0.013, P < 0.001), and a 5% change in the aggregate MD score (beta = 0.05, SD = 0.013, P < 0.001). Genetically-determined poor oral health was associated with a 30% increase in WMH volume (beta = 0.30, SD = 0.06, P < 0.001), a 43% change in aggregate FA score (beta = 0.42, SD = 0.06, P < 0.001), and an 10% change in aggregate MD score (beta = 0.10, SD = 0.03, P = 0.01). Conclusions and Relevance Among middle age Britons without stroke or dementia enrolled in a large population study, poor oral health was associated with worse neuroimaging brain health profiles. Genetic analyses confirmed these associations, supporting a potential causal association. Because the neuroimaging markers evaluated in the current study are established risk factors for stroke and dementia, our results suggest that oral health may be a promising target for interventions focused on improving brain health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyprien A. Rivier
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniela Renedo
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adam de Havenon
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas M. Gill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 06510, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sam Payabvash
- Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kevin N. Sheth
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guido J. Falcone
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Baybekov O, Stanishevskiy Y, Sachivkina N, Bobunova A, Zhabo N, Avdonina M. Isolation of Clinical Microbial Isolates during Orthodontic Aligner Therapy and Their Ability to Form Biofilm. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11010013. [PMID: 36661550 PMCID: PMC9858208 DOI: 10.3390/dj11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to calculate microbiological composition of aligners after a day of wearing them. To date, the dental market for orthodontists offers many ways to correct bites. Aligners are transparent and almost invisible from the teeth. They are used for everyday wear to correct the incorrect position of the teeth, which was once considered the prerogative of braces. Scientists worldwide have repeatedly considered questions regarding the interaction between aligners and the oral cavity's microflora; however, the emphasis has mainly shifted toward species composition and antibiotic resistance. The various properties of these microorganisms, including biofilm formation, adhesion to various cells, and the ability to phagocytize, have not been studied so widely. In addition, these characteristics, as well as the microorganisms themselves, have properties that change over time, location, and in certain conditions. In this regard, the problem of biofilm formation in dental practice is always relevant. It requires constant monitoring since high contamination of orthodontic materials can reduce the effectiveness of local anti-inflammatory therapy and cause relapses in caries and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity. Adhesive properties, one of the key factors in forming the architectonics of biofilms, provide the virulence factors of microorganisms and are characterized by an increase in optical density, determining the duration and retrospectivity of diagnostic studies. This paper focuses on the isolation of clinical microbial isolates during aligner therapy and their ability to form biofilms. In the future, we plan to use the obtained strains of microorganisms to create an effective and safe biofilm-destroying agent. We aimed to study morphometric and densitometric indicators of biofilms of microorganisms persisting on aligners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Baybekov
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav Stanishevskiy
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Sachivkina
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Bobunova
- Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natallia Zhabo
- Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Avdonina
- Department of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, Moscow State Linguistic University, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guo M, Zhang Z, Lu J, Wang D, Yan Y, Zhang S, Yu X, Su S, Yuan L, Li Z, Zhang B. Differences in Supragingival Microbiome in Patients with and without Full-Crown Prostheses. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10080152. [PMID: 36005250 PMCID: PMC9406617 DOI: 10.3390/dj10080152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To characterize the microflora profile of supragingival biofilm in patients with and without full-crown prostheses. Methods: Plaque samples of full-crown prostheses and teeth in patients with porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns, all-ceramic crowns, and no prostheses were collected (three patients per group), using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology to conduct DNA sequencing on the samples and using Qiime, R, and PICRUSt2 software to perform bioinformatics analyses and functional analyses on sequencing data. Results: In total, 110,209 valid sequences were obtained in the experiment, corresponding to 11 phyla and 120 genera. The predominant species shared by the three groups were phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Proteobacteria and genera Rothia, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Leptotrichia, Neisseria, Citrobacter, and Pseudomonas. The species-difference analysis showed that genus Hameophilus significantly increased after the patient wore the dental prosthesis. Compared with the no-prosthesis samples, the functional analysis showed that cell motility increased in the samples from full-crown prostheses, while replication and repair, and translation decreased. Conclusions: This study reveals the changes in the oral microbial community of patients with full-crown prostheses, which could provide insights regarding the safety of materials for long-term use in the oral cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manli Guo
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiyuan Lu
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yimin Yan
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shen Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin Yu
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Songhua Su
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lu Yuan
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhige Li
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Hospital of Stomatology Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Baoping Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Hospital of Stomatology Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-931-8915051
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Redfern J, Tosheva L, Malic S, Butcher M, Ramage G, Verran J. The denture microbiome in health and disease: an exploration of a unique community. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:195-209. [PMID: 35634756 PMCID: PMC9546486 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The United Nations suggests the global population of denture wearers (an artificial device that acts as a replacement for teeth) is likely to rise significantly by the year 2050. Dentures become colonized by microbial biofilms, the composition of which is influenced by complex factors such as patient’s age and health, and the nature of the denture material. Since colonization (and subsequent biofilm formation) by some micro‐organisms can significantly impact the health of the denture wearer, the study of denture microbiology has long been of interest to researchers. The specific local and systemic health risks of denture plaque are different from those of dental plaque, particularly with respect to the presence of the opportunist pathogen Candida albicans and various other nonoral opportunists. Here, we reflect on advancements in our understanding of the relationship between micro‐organisms, dentures, and the host, and highlight how our growing knowledge of the microbiome, biofilms, and novel antimicrobial technologies may better inform diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of denture‐associated infections, thereby enhancing the quality and longevity of denture wearers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Redfern
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University UK
| | - L Tosheva
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University UK
| | - S Malic
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University UK
| | - M Butcher
- Department of Oral Sciences, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing University of Glasgow UK
| | - G Ramage
- Department of Oral Sciences, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing University of Glasgow UK
| | - J Verran
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Effectiveness of Oil-Based Denture Dentifrices-Organoleptic Characteristics, Physicochemical Properties and Antimicrobial Action. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070813. [PMID: 34356734 PMCID: PMC8300610 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Denture dentifrices must be effective and not deleterious to prosthetic devices. This study formulated and evaluated dentifrices based on oils of Copaifera officinalis, Eucalyptus citriodora, Melaleuca alternifolia, Pinus strobus, and Ricinus communis. Organoleptic characteristics (appearance, color, odor, taste), physicochemical properties (pH, density, consistency, rheological, abrasiveness, weight loss, and surface roughness) and antimicrobial (Hole-Plate Diffusion–HPD)/anti-biofilm (Colony Forming Units–CFU) action against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans were evaluated. Formulations were compared with water (negative control) and a commercial dentifrice (positive control). The data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (α = 0.05). The organoleptic and physicochemical properties were adequate. All dentifrices promoted weight losses, with high values for C. officinalis and R. communis, and an increase in surface roughness, without differing from each other. For antimicrobial action, C. officinalis and E. citriodora dentifrices were similar to positive control showing effectiveness against S. mutans and C. albicans and no dentifrice was effective against S. aureus; regarding the anti-biofilm action, the dentifrices were not effective, showing higher CFU counts than positive control for all microorganisms. The dentifrices presented satisfactory properties; and, although they showed antimicrobial action when evaluated by HPD, they showed no effective anti-biofilm action on multispecies biofilm.
Collapse
|
13
|
Hara T, Sonoi A, Handa T, Okamoto M, Kaneko E, Ikeda R, Habe T, Fujinaka H, Inoue S, Ichikawa T. Unsaturated fatty acid salts remove biofilms on dentures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12524. [PMID: 34131212 PMCID: PMC8206114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis-causing Candida sp. forms biofilms with various oral bacteria in the dentures of the elderly, making it harder to kill and remove the microorganism due to the extracellular polymeric substances. We found that biofilms on dentures can effectively be removed by immersion in an unsaturated fatty acid salt solution. Using optical coherence tomography to observe the progression of biofilm removal by the fatty acid salt solution, we were able to determine that the removal was accompanied by the production of gaps at the interface between the biofilm and denture resin. Furthermore, microstructural electron microscopy observations and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry elucidated the site of action, revealing that localization of the fatty acid salt at the biofilm/denture-resin interface is an important factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki Hara
- Analytical Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 1334 Minato, Wakayama-shi, Wakayama, 640-8580, Japan
| | - Atsunori Sonoi
- Personal Health Care Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Handa
- Personal Health Care Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Okamoto
- Analytical Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 1334 Minato, Wakayama-shi, Wakayama, 640-8580, Japan
| | - Eri Kaneko
- Analytical Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 1334 Minato, Wakayama-shi, Wakayama, 640-8580, Japan
| | - Reiko Ikeda
- Analytical Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 1334 Minato, Wakayama-shi, Wakayama, 640-8580, Japan
| | - Taichi Habe
- Analytical Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 1334 Minato, Wakayama-shi, Wakayama, 640-8580, Japan
| | - Hidetake Fujinaka
- Personal Health Care Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeto Inoue
- Analytical Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 1334 Minato, Wakayama-shi, Wakayama, 640-8580, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Ichikawa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gad MM, Al-Sunni M, Al-Shayeb A, Al-Namsy R, Al-Naser Z, Q Khan S. The in-vitro effects of white henna addition on the Candida albicans adhesion and physical properties of denture base resin. Eur Oral Res 2021; 55:86-93. [PMID: 34250475 PMCID: PMC8244940 DOI: 10.26650/eor.20210033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This in-vitro study evaluated and compared the effect of white henna (WH) and
natural henna (NH) addition on Candida albicans adhesion and physical properties
of the denture base material. Materials and methods: A total of 243 acrylic resin specimens (9 per group) were divided as follows:
81 for flexural strength, 81 for Candida albicans adherence test, and 81 for
surface roughness, translucency, and hardness. Heat-polymerized acrylic
resin specimens were prepared by adding 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 wt% of WH or NH.
Candida albicans adhesion was determined using direct culture and slide count
methods. Flexural strength, surface roughness, hardness, and translucency were
measured using the three-point bending test, profilometer, Vickers hardness test,
and spectrophotometer, respectively. ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s tests were
performed for data analysis. Results: Addition of 0.5% WH, 1% WH, and 0.5% NH to denture base resin significantly
decreased Candida albicans adhesion (p<0.05). WH and NH significantly decreased
the flexural strength and translucency, except 0.5% WH, and significantly increased
surface roughness, except 0.5% WH and 0.5% NH. WH addition showed nonsignificant differences in the hardness, while NH addition significantly decreased
hardness (p<0.05). Conclusion: Addition of WH and NH decreased C. albicans adhesion to PMMA denture base resin.
However, flexural strength, translucency, and surface roughness were adversely
affected, particularly at higher concentrations. Hardness was reduced with NH only.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mouna Al-Sunni
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam,Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Al-Shayeb
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam,Saudi Arabia
| | - Reyam Al-Namsy
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam,Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Al-Naser
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam,Saudi Arabia
| | - Soban Q Khan
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Monteiro DR, de Souza Batista VE, Caldeirão ACM, Jacinto RDC, Pessan JP. Oral prosthetic microbiology: aspects related to the oral microbiome, surface properties, and strategies for controlling biofilms. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:353-371. [PMID: 34139899 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1912741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity is an environment that allows for the development of complex ecosystems; the placement of prosthetic devices as a consequence of partial or total tooth loss may alter the diversity of microbial communities. Biofilms on the surface of materials used in dental prostheses can promote important changes in the mechanic and aesthetic properties of the material itself and may cause local and systemic diseases for the prosthetic wearer. This review presents the main features of the oral microbiome associated with complete or partial dentures and dental implants. The main diseases associated with microbial colonization of prosthetic surfaces, factors that may affect biofilm formation on prosthetic materials, as well as novel alternative therapies aiming to reduce biofilm formation and/or to eradicate biofilms formed on these materials are also explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rogério de Castilho Jacinto
- School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
da Silva Barboza A, Fang LK, Ribeiro JS, Cuevas-Suárez CE, Moraes RR, Lund RG. Physicomechanical, optical, and antifungal properties of polymethyl methacrylate modified with metal methacrylate monomers. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 125:706.e1-706.e6. [PMID: 33581867 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The high recurrence rates of denture stomatitis may be associated with the resistance of biofilms to therapeutics. Therefore, methods that provide biomaterials with antifungal properties are an attractive solution to improving microbial control. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to modify conventional polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) through the incorporation of metal methacrylate monomers and to evaluate the physicomechanical and optical properties and antifungal activity of the modified materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS Experimental denture base acrylic resins were fabricated through the addition of zirconium methacrylate (ZM), tin methacrylate (TM), and di-n-butyldimethacrylate-tin (DNBMT) to the liquid of a commercially available denture base PMMA resin. Unmodified PMMA resin was used as the control. The degree of conversion of the materials was tested through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (n=3). A digital spectrophotometer was used to assess the color change of the modified materials (n=8). Differences in Knoop hardness and roughness between experimental groups were also evaluated (n=8). A biofilm accumulation test with Candida albicans (ATCC 62342) (n=4) was performed for 5 days in Sabouraud broth culture supplemented with 10% sucrose. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the post hoc Tukey honestly significant difference test (α=.05). RESULTS The degree of conversion and color-change values of the experimental materials were statistically similar to those of the control (P=.593). The incorporation of DNBMT significantly increased the hardness of the modified material (P=.014). The ZM, TM, and DNBMT groups had higher antifungal activity against C. albicans (P=.001) and lower roughness than the control group (control 0.65 ±0.05 μm; ZM 0.34 ±0.09 μm, TM 0.34 ±0.11 μm, and DNBMT 0.41 ±0.08 μm). CONCLUSIONS The metal-containing methacrylate monomers provided antifungal action to the modified materials without affecting the physicomechanical or optical properties of the denture base resin. ZM, TM, and DNBMT are potential reactive agents for the fabrication of PMMA denture base resins with antifungal properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andressa da Silva Barboza
- PhD candidate, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pelotas Dental School, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas-RS, Brazil
| | - Laura K Fang
- MSc candidate, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pelotas Dental School, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas-RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Ribeiro
- PhD candidate, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pelotas Dental School, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas-RS, Brazil; Researcher assistant, Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Carlos E Cuevas-Suárez
- Professor, Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Rafael R Moraes
- Associate professor, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pelotas Dental School, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael G Lund
- Associate professor, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pelotas Dental School, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Černáková L, Rodrigues CF. Microbial interactions and immunity response in oral Candida species. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:1653-1677. [PMID: 33251818 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis are among the most common noncommunicable diseases, related with serious local and systemic illnesses. Although these infections can occur in all kinds of patients, they are more recurrent in immunosuppressed ones such as patients with HIV, hepatitis, cancer or under long antimicrobial treatments. Candida albicans continues to be the most frequently identified Candida spp. in these disorders, but other non-C. albicans Candida are rising. Understanding the immune responses involved in oral Candida spp. infections is a key feature to a successful treatment and to the design of novel therapies. In this review, we performed a literature search in PubMed and WoS, in order to examine and analyze common oral Candida spp.-bacteria/Candida-Candida interactions and the host immunity response in oral candidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Černáková
- Department of Microbiology & Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Célia F Rodrigues
- Department of Chemical Engineering, LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology & Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wenger K, Pendleton C, Xie XJ, Caplan DJ, Drake D, Marchini L. Factors associated with the counts of selected oral microorganisms in nursing home residents. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2020; 41:32-40. [PMID: 33075154 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM To analyze potential factors associated with levels of selected oral pathogens, as well as total aerobic bacterial species, among nursing home residents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nursing home residents were divided into three groups (G1 included people with teeth but no dentures, G2 included people with teeth and dentures, and G3 included people with no teeth and with dentures). All participants had microbiological samples collected from their oral cavity and dentures. Counts of total aerobic bacterial species, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces viscosus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Candida albicans were compared among groups using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. A multivariate analysis was also performed to control other available covariates. RESULTS Bivariate analysis revealed significant differences among the groups, and multivariate analysis showed that sex, the presence of natural teeth, denture wearing, oral hygiene indices, and systemic health conditions were associated with bacterial and Candida albicans log counts. CONCLUSIONS Presence of natural teeth and denture wearing, as well as oral hygiene, sex and systemic health conditions were associated with bacterial and Candida albicans log counts among nursing home residents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Wenger
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Chandler Pendleton
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Xian Jin Xie
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Daniel J Caplan
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - David Drake
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Leonardo Marchini
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bacteria Modify Candida albicans Hypha Formation, Microcolony Properties, and Survival within Macrophages. mSphere 2020; 5:5/4/e00689-20. [PMID: 32759336 PMCID: PMC7407070 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00689-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the predominant fungus colonizing the oral cavity that can have both synergistic and antagonistic interactions with other bacteria. Interkingdom polymicrobial associations modify fungal pathogenicity and are believed to increase microbial resistance to innate immunity. However, it is not known how these interactions alter fungal survival during phagocytic killing. We demonstrated that secreted molecules of S. gordonii and P. aeruginosa alter C. albicans survival within the phagosome of macrophages and alter fungal pathogenic phenotypes, including filamentation and microcolony formation. Moreover, we provide evidence for a dual interaction between S. gordonii and C. albicans such that S. gordonii signaling peptides can promote C. albicans commensalism by decreasing microcolony attachment while increasing invasion in epithelial cells. Our results identify bacterial diffusible factors as an attractive target to modify virulence of C. albicans in polymicrobial infections. Phagocytic cells are crucial components of the innate immune system preventing Candida albicans mucosal infections. Streptococcus gordonii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa often colonize mucosal sites, along with C. albicans, and yet interkingdom interactions that might alter the survival and escape of fungi from macrophages are not understood. Murine macrophages were coinfected with S. gordonii or P. aeruginosa, along with C. albicans to evaluate changes in fungal survival. S. gordonii increased C. albicans survival and filamentation within macrophage phagosomes, while P. aeruginosa reduced fungal survival and filamentation. Coinfection with S. gordonii resulted in greater escape of C. albicans from macrophages and increased size of fungal microcolonies formed on macrophage monolayers, while coinfection with P. aeruginosa reduced macrophage escape and produced smaller microcolonies. Microcolonies formed in the presence of P. aeruginosa cells outside macrophages also had significantly reduced size that was not found with P. aeruginosa phenazine deletion mutants. S. gordonii cells, as well as S. gordonii heat-fixed culture supernatants, increased C. albicans microcolony biomass but also resulted in microcolony detachment. A heat-resistant, trypsin-sensitive pheromone processed by S. gordonii Eep was needed for these effects. The majority of fungal microcolonies formed on human epithelial monolayers with S. gordonii supernatants developed as large floating structures with no detectable invasion of epithelium, along with reduced gene expression of C. albicansHYR1, EAP1, and HWP2 adhesins. However, a subset of C. albicans microcolonies was smaller and had greater epithelial invasiveness compared to microcolonies grown without S. gordonii. Thus, bacteria can alter the killing and escape of C. albicans from macrophages and contribute to changes in C. albicans pathogenicity. IMPORTANCECandida albicans is the predominant fungus colonizing the oral cavity that can have both synergistic and antagonistic interactions with other bacteria. Interkingdom polymicrobial associations modify fungal pathogenicity and are believed to increase microbial resistance to innate immunity. However, it is not known how these interactions alter fungal survival during phagocytic killing. We demonstrated that secreted molecules of S. gordonii and P. aeruginosa alter C. albicans survival within the phagosome of macrophages and alter fungal pathogenic phenotypes, including filamentation and microcolony formation. Moreover, we provide evidence for a dual interaction between S. gordonii and C. albicans such that S. gordonii signaling peptides can promote C. albicans commensalism by decreasing microcolony attachment while increasing invasion in epithelial cells. Our results identify bacterial diffusible factors as an attractive target to modify virulence of C. albicans in polymicrobial infections.
Collapse
|
20
|
Binns R, Li W, Wu CD, Campbell S, Knoernschild K, Yang B. Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on
Candida albicans Biofilm
on Poly(methylmethacrylate) Resin. J Prosthodont 2020; 29:686-692. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Randold Binns
- Department of Restorative Dentistry College of Dentistry, UIC Chicago IL
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry College of Dentistry, UIC Chicago IL
| | - Christine D. Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry College of Dentistry, UIC Chicago IL
| | - Stephen Campbell
- Department of Restorative Dentistry College of Dentistry, UIC Chicago IL
| | - Kent Knoernschild
- Department of Restorative Dentistry College of Dentistry, UIC Chicago IL
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Restorative Dentistry College of Dentistry, UIC Chicago IL
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mukai Y, Torii M, Urushibara Y, Kawai T, Takahashi Y, Maeda N, Ohkubo C, Ohshima T. Analysis of plaque microbiota and salivary proteins adhering to dental materials. J Oral Biosci 2020; 62:182-188. [PMID: 32151606 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Plaque causes oral diseases and aspiration-pneumonia in the elderly. It is not known whether pellicle-like attached salivary proteins and microbiota on dental materials are identical to those on teeth. The purpose of this study was to determine the properties of salivary proteins and microbiota that attach to dental materials. METHODS Eight subjects wore removable oral splints with pieces of pure-titanium, cobalt-chromium alloy, silver-palladium-copper-gold-alloy, denture-base-resin, and hydroxyapatite for 24 h. The bacteria that adhered to each material were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing simultaneously. Each material sample was then immersed in pooled saliva, and the attached proteins were collected. Salivary proteins were analyzed using MALDI-TOF/MS, and high molecular weight proteins were identified using peptide mass fingerprinting. RESULTS Among the dental materials, the α- and β-diversity of adherent flora were similar. The bacterial species that adhered easily to materials were Streptococcus sp. oral taxon 058, Neisseria mucosa, Gemella haemolysans, and Rothia dentocariosa. Regardless of material, the peaks or spots of attached salivary proteins had similar patterns, containing functioning proteins such as anchoring receptors for early colonizers. CONCLUSIONS There were no significant differences in microbiota and protein adherence in hydroxyapatite compared to the dental materials. Therefore, similar microbiota was determined to have formed on the similar pellicle-like proteins. In our study, the characteristics of plaque adhesion on both hydroxyapatite and dental materials were clarified. Based on this study, the creation of new methods of inhibiting plaque adhesion to prevent aspiration-pneumonia and oral infections can be undertaken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Mukai
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Mana Torii
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Yu Urushibara
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Kawai
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasuharu Takahashi
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Nobuko Maeda
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Chikahiro Ohkubo
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Ohshima
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ribeiro AB, de Araújo CB, Silva LEV, Fazan-Junior R, Salgado HC, Ribeiro AB, Fortes CV, Bueno FL, de Oliveira VC, de F O Paranhos H, Watanabe E, da Silva-Lovato CH. Hygiene protocols for the treatment of denture-related stomatitis: local and systemic parameters analysis - a randomized, double-blind trial protocol. Trials 2019; 20:661. [PMID: 31783777 PMCID: PMC6884795 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Denture-related stomatitis (DS) is chronic multifactorial inflammation, strongly related to the presence of the biofilm that is the complex structure formed by microorganisms held together by a mucus-like matrix of carbohydrate that adheres to different surfaces, including the denture surface. DS has recently been correlated with deleterious cardiovascular alterations. The potential effect of hygiene protocols in the control of DS and randomized clinical trials that address this oral condition with cardiovascular complications are important in clinical decision-making. Material/design A clinical trial, randomized, double-blind, and with parallel groups, will be conducted in Brazil The sample will consist of 100 patients without teeth in both arches, users of at least maxillary complete dentures, and diagnosed with DS, who will be allocated to groups (n = 25 per group) according to the different hygiene protocols: (1) brushing of the palate and immersion of the prosthesis in 0.25% sodium hypochlorite solution (positive control); (2) brushing of the palate and immersion of the prosthesis in 0.15% triclosan solution; (3) brushing of the palate and immersion of the prosthesis in lactose monohydrate; or (4) brushing the palate with citric acid and immersing the prosthesis in lactose monohydrate. The response variables will be heart rate variability and alteration of blood pressure (systemic level), remission of DS, removal of biofilm, reduction of microbial load (colony-forming units (CFU)), mouth and prosthesis odor level, expression of MUC1, proinflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), viscosity, pH and salivary flow (locally); patient-centred qualitative analysis will also be undertaken. Measurements will be performed at baseline and 10 days after the interventions. The results obtained will be statistically analyzed as pertinent, with a level of significance of 0.05. Discussion This study will provide a guideline for clinical practice regarding the use of hygiene protocols in the treatment of oral diseases (DS) mediated by biofilm. Also, it may provide evidence of correlation of oral manifestation with cardiac risk. Trial registration Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials, RBR-4hhwjb. Registered on 9 November 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana B Ribeiro
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila B de Araújo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo V Silva
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rubens Fazan-Junior
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Helio C Salgado
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Aline B Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Caroline V Fortes
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Frank L Bueno
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Viviane C de Oliveira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Helena de F O Paranhos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Evandro Watanabe
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cláudia H da Silva-Lovato
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Morse DJ, Smith A, Wilson MJ, Marsh L, White L, Posso R, Bradshaw DJ, Wei X, Lewis MAO, Williams DW. Molecular community profiling of the bacterial microbiota associated with denture-related stomatitis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10228. [PMID: 31308427 PMCID: PMC6629705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Denture-associated stomatitis (DS) affects over two-thirds of denture-wearers. DS presents as erythema of the palatal mucosa in areas where denture-surface associated polymicrobial biofilms containing the fungus Candida albicans exist. The contribution of the oral bacterial microbiota toward the infection is unknown. Therefore, this study characterised the bacterial microbiota of sites within the oral cavity to identify potential associations with occurrence of DS. Denture-wearing patients were recruited (denture stomatitis (DS) n = 8; non-denture stomatitis (NoDS) n = 11) and the oral bacterial microbiota of the tongue, palate and denture-fitting surface was characterised using next-generation sequencing. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified to bacterial genera and species, and presence/absence and relative abundances were examined. A significant (P = 0.007) decrease in the number of OTUs and thus, diversity of the microbiota was observed in tongue samples of DS patients (vs non-DS). The microbiota of denture-fitting surfaces and palatal mucosae were similar. Large differences in the abundance of bacterial genera and species were observed at each sample site, and unique presence/absence of bacteria was noted. Presence/absence and relative abundance of specific bacteria associated with DS warrants further in vitro and in vivo evaluation, particularly as our previous work has shown C. albicans virulence factor modulation by oral bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Morse
- Microbiomes, Microbes and Informatics Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Ann Smith
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Melanie J Wilson
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lucy Marsh
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lewis White
- UKCMN Regional Mycology Reference Laboratory, Public Health Wales, Microbiology Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | - Raquel Posso
- UKCMN Regional Mycology Reference Laboratory, Public Health Wales, Microbiology Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Xiaoqing Wei
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael A O Lewis
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David W Williams
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Morse D, Wilson M, Wei X, Bradshaw D, Lewis M, Williams D. Modulation of Candida albicans virulence in in vitro biofilms by oral bacteria. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 68:337-343. [PMID: 30825340 PMCID: PMC6849710 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Candida-associated denture stomatitis presents as erythema of the palatal mucosa and is caused by biofilms containing the fungus Candida albicans that co-reside with oral bacteria on the denture-fitting surface. This study aimed to assess the effect of several frequently encountered oral bacteria on the expression of C. albicans virulence factors in in vitro polymicrobial biofilms. Biofilms containing C. albicans and selected bacterial species were grown on denture acrylic, and analysed by microscopy and by qPCR for expression of putative virulence genes. Candida albicans-only biofilms showed limited hyphal production. Hyphal development was significantly (P < 0·001) increased when biofilms also contained four species of oral bacteria (Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus gordonii, Actinomyces odontolyticus and Actinomyces viscosus), as was the expression of virulence genes (P < 0·05). Importantly, inclusion of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the biofilm consortium resulted in significant (P < 0·05) inhibition of virulence gene expression and production of hyphae. The in vitro expression of C. albicans virulence factors was modulated in polymicrobial biofilms. The complexity of this modulation was highlighted by the reversal of effects following introduction of a single bacterial species into a biofilm community. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The impact of individual bacterial species on Candida albicans virulence highlights both the complexity of predicting infection mediated by polymicrobial communities and the potential for management through pro- or prebiotic therapy. The possibility to selectively modulate microbial virulence by addition of, or treatment with pro- or prebiotics avoids the use of conventional antimicrobial compounds, thus reducing the contribution to potential drug resistance. Understanding which bacterial species modulate virulence, and the mechanisms by which this occurs, particularly in biofilms, provides excellent foundations for further research questions, and the potential for novel clinical interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D.J. Morse
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - M.J. Wilson
- School of DentistryCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - X. Wei
- School of DentistryCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hamid SK, Al-Dubayan AH, Al-Awami H, Khan SQ, Gad MM. In vitro assessment of the antifungal effects of neem powder added to polymethyl methacrylate denture base material. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11:e170-e178. [PMID: 30805122 PMCID: PMC6383901 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Denture with antimicrobial activities is desirable to prevent Candida albican adhesion subsequently decreasing the susceptibility of denture stomatitis incidence. Azadirachta Indica, commonly known as Neem powder has antimicrobial effect but the effect of its addition to acrylic denture base on C. albicans adhesion has not been investigated. The aim of this study was determine whether adding neem powder to acrylic denture base materials could reduce Candida albicansadhesion. Material and Methods One hundred and twenty acrylic resin denture specimens were fabricated and divided into heat-polymerized (n=60) and auto-polymerized (n=60) groups. Each group was further divided into 6 groups (n=10) based on the neem concentration: 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 wt% of the polymer. After polymerization, the specimens were polished, stored in distilled water, sonicated, sterilized, submerged in artificial saliva containing C. albicans, and finally, placed in an incubator at 37°C. Slide counting and direct culture methods were used to assess the antifungal effects of the neem addition. An analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s test were performed for the data analysis (p≤0.05 was statistically significant). Results Based on the results, the neem addition significantly decreased the C. albicans count when compared to the control group (p≤0.05). Moreover, the count decreased as the neem concentration increased (lowest count with 2.5 wt%). Conclusions The results suggest that adding neem powder to acrylic resin denture base materials reduces the adhesion of C. albicans; therefore, the incorporation of neem could be a possible denture stomatitis prevention method. Key words:Denture stomatitis, Candida albicans, Azadirachta indica, neem powder, denture base.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shorouq-Khalid Hamid
- Undergraduate student, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - AlAnoud-Hamad Al-Dubayan
- Undergraduate student, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Al-Awami
- Undergraduate student, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soban-Qadir Khan
- MSC, Lecturer of Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Affairs, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed-Moustafa Gad
- BDS, MSc, Lecturer, Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ramage G, O'Donnell L, Sherry L, Culshaw S, Bagg J, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Brown C, McKenzie D, Cross L, MacInnes A, Bradshaw D, Varghese R, Gomez Pereira P, Jose A, Sanyal S, Robertson D. Impact of frequency of denture cleaning on microbial and clinical parameters - a bench to chairside approach. J Oral Microbiol 2018; 11:1538437. [PMID: 30598732 PMCID: PMC6225516 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1538437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Robust scientific and clinical evidence of how to appropriately manage denture plaque is lacking. This two-part study (i) developed an in vitro model of denture plaque removal, and (ii) assessed effectiveness of these approaches in a randomised clinical trial. Method: (i) a complex denture plaque model was developed using the dominant microbial genera from a recent microbiome analyses. Biofilms formed on polymethylmethacrylate were brushed daily with a wet toothbrush, then either treated daily for 5 days or only on Days 1 and 5 with Polident® denture cleanser tablets (3 min soaking). Quantitative and qualitative microbiological assessments were performed. (ii), an examiner-blind, randomised, crossover study of complete maxillary denture wearers was performed (n = 19). Either once-daily for 7 days or on Day 7 only, participants soaked dentures for 15 min using Corega® denture cleansing tables, then brushed. Denture plaque microbiological assessment used sterilized filter paper discs. Results: The in vitro model showed daily cleaning with denture cleanser plus brushing significantly reduced microbial numbers compared to intermittent denture cleaning with daily brushing (p < 0.001). The clinical component of the study showed a statistically significant reduction in denture plaque microbial numbers in favour of daily versus weekly treatment (aerobic bacteria p = 0.0144). Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that denture plaque biofilm composition were affected by different treatment arms. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that daily denture cleansing regimens are superior to intermittent denture cleansing, and that cleansing regimens can induce denture plaque compositional changes. Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT02780661.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Ramage
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lindsay O'Donnell
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Leighann Sherry
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shauna Culshaw
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jeremy Bagg
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marta Czesnikiewicz-Guzik
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Clare Brown
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Debbie McKenzie
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura Cross
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew MacInnes
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Anto Jose
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, Weybridge, UK
| | | | - Douglas Robertson
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Marchini L, Recker E, Hartshorn J, Cowen H, Lynch D, Drake D, Blanchette DR, Dawson DV, Kanellis M, Caplan D. Iowa nursing facility oral hygiene (INFOH) intervention: A clinical and microbiological pilot randomized trial. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2018; 38:345-355. [PMID: 30194737 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate feasibility and gather initial data for a definitive study to test the clinical and microbiological effectiveness of a nursing facility (NF) customized oral hygiene protocol, intended to be delivered by dental hygienists and NF personnel. MATERIALS AND METHODS A convenience sample of 8 Eastern Iowa NFs was recruited, and each NF was assigned to one of three intervention groups: (1) control (current oral hygiene practice), (2) educational program only, and (3) educational program plus 1% chlorhexidine varnish monthly application. Demographic information, systemic health data, patient centered data, oral health data, and microbiology samples were collected at baseline and after 6 months. RESULTS Recruitment response rates were 21% for NFs and 23% for residents. A total of 81 residents were examined at baseline and of those, 49 were examined at 6 months (39.5% attrition). There were no statistically or clinically significant differences among the intervention groups at 6 months for any of the recorded clinical or microbiological outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Recruitment and retention posed a significant challenge to this trial, even with a relatively short observation period. Results from this pilot study did not encourage further investigation of this customized oral hygiene protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Marchini
- Assistant Professor, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Erica Recker
- The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jennifer Hartshorn
- Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Howard Cowen
- Clinical Professor, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David Lynch
- Post-Doctoral Fellow, Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David Drake
- Professor, Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Derek R Blanchette
- Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Deborah V Dawson
- Morris Bernstein Professor of Dentistry, Professor of Biostatistics, Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research and the Departments of Pediatric Dentistry & Biostatistics, and the Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael Kanellis
- Associate Dean for Patient Care, Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Daniel Caplan
- Professor and Head, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Various fungi and bacteria can colonize in the brain and produce physical alterations seen in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Environmental and genetic factors affect the occurrence of fungal colonization, and how fungi can grow, enter the brain, and interact with the innate immune system. The essence of AD development is the defeat of the innate immune system, whether through vulnerable patient health status or treatment that suppresses inflammation by suppressing the innate immune system. External and mechanical factors that lead to inflammation are a door for pathogenic opportunity. Current research associates the presence of fungi in the etiology of AD and is shown in cerebral tissue at autopsy. From the time of the discovery of AD, much speculation exists for an infective cause. Identifying any AD disease organism is obscured by processes that can take place over years. Amyloid protein deposits are generally considered to be evidence of an intrinsic response to stress or imbalance, but instead amyloid may be evidence of the innate immune response which exists to destroy fungal colonization through structural interference and cytotoxicity. Fungi can remain ensconced for a long time in niches or inside cells, and it is the harboring of fungi that leads to repeated reinfection and slow wider colonization that eventually leads to a grave outcome. Although many fungi and bacteria are associated with AD affected tissues, discussion here focuses on Candida albicans as the archetype of human fungal pathology because of its wide proliferation as a commensal fungus, extensive published research, numerous fungal morphologies, and majority proliferation in AD tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bodo Parady
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA.,Visiting Scholar, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The pleiomorphic yeast Candida albicans is a significant pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. In the oral cavity, C. albicans is an inhabitant of polymicrobial communities, and interspecies interactions promote hyphal formation and biofilm formation. C. albicans colonizes the subgingival area, and the frequency of colonization increases in periodontal disease. In this study, we investigated the interactions between C. albicans and the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalisC. albicans and P. gingivalis were found to coadhere in both the planktonic and sessile phases. Loss of the internalin-family protein InlJ abrogated adhesion of P. gingivalis to C. albicans, and recombinant InlJ protein competitively inhibited interspecies binding. A mutant of C. albicans deficient in expression of major hyphal protein Als3 showed diminished binding to P. gingivalis, and InlJ interacted with Als3 heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Transcriptional profiling by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) established that 57 genes were uniquely upregulated in an InlJ-dependent manner in P. gingivalis-C. albicans communities, with overrepresentation of those corresponding to 31 gene ontology terms, including those associated with growth and division. Of potential relevance to the disease process, C. albicans induced upregulation of components of the type IX secretion apparatus. Collectively, these findings indicate that InlJ-Als3-dependent binding facilitates interdomain community development between C. albicans and P. gingivalis and that P. gingivalis has the potential for increased virulence within such communities.IMPORTANCE Many diseases involve the concerted actions of microorganisms assembled in polymicrobial communities. Inflammatory periodontal diseases are among the most common infections of humans and result in destruction of gum tissue and, ultimately, in loss of teeth. In periodontal disease, pathogenic communities can include the fungus Candida albicans; however, the contribution of C. albicans to the synergistic virulence of the community is poorly understood. Here we characterize the interactions between C. albicans and the keystone bacterial pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and show that coadhesion mediated by specific proteins results in major changes in gene expression by P. gingivalis, which could serve to increase pathogenic potential. The work provides significant insights into interdomain interactions that can enhance our understanding of diseases involving a multiplicity of microbial pathogens.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Removable dentures are worn by 20% of the UK population and two thirds of these individuals have denture stomatitis. Poor oral hygiene is commonplace among this group, as is smoking and xerostomia, which also contribute to the development of denture stomatitis. A complex polymicrobial biofilm is able to proliferate on the surface of denture materials and matures to form visible denture plaque. This denture plaque biofilm stimulates a local inflammatory process that is detectable clinically as erythema, and hyperplasia. Systemically, denture plaque represents a potential risk factor for systemic disease, in particular aspiration pneumonia. Respiratory pathogens have been detected in the denture plaque and overnight denture wear has been linked to an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia. There is a general lack of evidence on the adequate management of denture stomatitis and we present a protocol for use in the primary care setting.
Collapse
|
31
|
A Sustained-Release Membrane of Thiazolidinedione-8: Effect on Formation of a Candida/Bacteria Mixed Biofilm on Hydroxyapatite in a Continuous Flow Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3510124. [PMID: 29130039 PMCID: PMC5654278 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3510124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have been found to act as effective quorum sensing quenchers, capable of preventing biofilm formation. Our previous studies demonstrated a profound antibiofilm effect of the TZD derivative thiazolidinedione-8 (S-8), either in solution or incorporated into a sustained-release membrane (SRM-S-8) under batch conditions. In the present study, we used a constant depth film fermenter model in order to investigate the impact of SRM-S-8 on mixed C. albicans-S. mutans biofilm development, under flow conditions. We found that essential parameters of cospecies biofilm maintenance and maturation, such as metabolic activity, biofilm thickness, roughness, extracellular polysaccharides production, and morphology of both pathogens, were altered by SRM-S-8 in the flow system. We propose that prolonged and sustained release of S-8 in a flow-through system allows better penetration of the active agent to deeper layers of the mixed biofilm, thereby increasing its activity against both pathogens. In conclusion, the use of a locally applied sustained-release drug delivery system of S-8 can affect the dental polymicrobial biofilm, resulting in clinical improvements and a better patient compliance.
Collapse
|
32
|
Friedman E, Alizadeh N, Loewy Z. Oral Health: The Need for Both Conventional Microbial and Molecular Characterization. High Throughput 2017; 6:ht6030011. [PMID: 29485609 PMCID: PMC5734190 DOI: 10.3390/ht6030011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to consider the microbial distribution in oral disease, as well as gene analysis and expression, in elucidating: 1, the fundamental underpinnings of oral disease, and 2, the potential relationship between oral diseases and systemic health. A key focus is identifying the microbiota associated with oral disease manifestations characterized by both conventional microbiological and molecular methods. Variations in the observed microbial populations characterized by conventional and molecular approaches have been identified for caries, periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and stomatitis. The discovery of therapeutic approaches for oral disease will require comprehensive microbial and genomic analysis. This study evaluated the current state of the relevant microbial and genomic information for several prevalent oral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisheva Friedman
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Negin Alizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Zvi Loewy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY 10027, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Choo KH, Lee HJ, Knight NJ, Holmes AR, Cannon RD. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of Candida albicans isolates colonizing acrylic dentures before and after denture replacement. Med Mycol 2017; 55:673-679. [PMID: 27915298 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast, in particular Candida albicans, are the principal fungal cause of denture stomatitis, and can also be present as a commensal in many individuals. Few studies, however, have examined oral retention of yeast strains over time. We analyzed the yeast present in saliva samples and from the dentures of 10 individuals colonized with yeast but with no signs of stomatitis, before new complete maxillary dentures were fitted and also at 1, 3, and 6 months after denture replacement. Yeast species were presumptively identified on selective agar plates and were present in nine individuals before denture replacement and in six at the 6-month time point. C. albicans was detected in seven individuals pre-replacement, and in three by 6 months post-replacement. Sixty-two isolates (up to five from each C. albicans-positive sample) were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (33 from saliva and 29 from dentures). Six MLST allele profiles were identified that were common to several individuals. These profiles included three previously reported diploid sequence types (DSTs) and three novel DSTs. Two of the novel DSTs were closely related variants of a previously reported DST, and both showed loss of heterozygosity polymorphisms within one of the seven MLST gene sequences. For three individuals, at least one DST that was present before denture replacement was still detected in either saliva or on dentures at subsequent sampling times. Our results indicate that denture replacement reduces but does not remove, colonising yeast and confirm previous observations of C. albicans strain microevolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Richard D Cannon
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Professor R D Cannon, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago Faculty of Dentistry, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand, Tel: +64 3 479 7081; Fax: +64 3 479 5661; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Oral Health: The Need for Both Conventional Microbial and Molecular Characterization. High Throughput 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/ht6010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
35
|
Oral Health: The Need for Both Conventional Microbial and Molecular Characterization. High Throughput 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/ht6030002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
36
|
In Vitro Evaluation of the Inhibitory Activity of Thymoquinone in Combatting Candida albicans in Denture Stomatitis Prevention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14070743. [PMID: 28698449 PMCID: PMC5551181 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans adhesion and proliferation on denture bases may lead to denture stomatitis, which is a common and recurrent problem in denture wearers. The goal of this study was to assess the inhibitory effect of thymoquinone incorporated in the polymethyl methacrylate denture base material against Candida albicans. Eighty acrylic resin specimens were fabricated and divided into eight groups (n = 10) according to thymoquinone concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, and 5% of acrylic powder. Two methods were used to evaluate the effect of thymoquinone on Candida albicans: the slide count and the serial dilution test. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and the post-hoc Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test were performed to compare the difference of means between the observations taken at various intervals with baseline. The p value was statistically significant at ≤0.05. According to the slide count and the serial dilution test, the mean number of adhered Candida albicans in the control group was 5436.9 ± 266 and 4691.4 ± 176.8; however, this number dramatically decreased to 0 ± 0 and 32.4 ± 1.7 in group 8 (concentration 5%). These results suggest that the incorporation of thymoquinone into the acrylic resin denture base material might be effective in preventing Candida albicans adhesion.
Collapse
|
37
|
Al-Thobity AM, Gad M, ArRejaie A, Alnassar T, Al-Khalifa KS. Impact of Denture Cleansing Solution Immersion on Some Properties of Different Denture Base Materials: An In Vitro Study. J Prosthodont 2017; 28:913-919. [PMID: 28598590 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of several denture cleansing solutions on the color stability, surface roughness, and flexural strength of three denture base materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven specimens were prepared using heat-polymerized (HP) denture base material, 27 using autopolymerized (AP) denture base material, and 27 using visible-light-polymerized (VLP) denture base, creating a total of 81 specimens. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n = 27): the distilled water group (DWG), Corega group (CG), and Renew group (RG). Color changes (ΔE), surface roughness (Ra, nm), and flexural strength (MPa) of each specimen were measured using a spectrophotometer, an optical profilometer, and a universal testing machine, respectively. The results were statistically analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and a post hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The only statistically significant color change detected was in the VLP resin treated with Corega and Renew. There was a significant increase in the surface roughness of all denture resin groups after immersion in Corega. Immersion in Renew significantly increased surface roughness only in the HP and AP specimens. The only significant reduction in flexural strength was detected in the HP resin after immersion in Corega (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that Corega has a significantly greater negative impact than distilled water on the flexural strength of HP resin base materials. Renew significantly increased the surface roughness of AP and HP, while Corega increased the surface roughness of all resin materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aws ArRejaie
- Prosthetic Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Alnassar
- Prosthetic Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalifa S Al-Khalifa
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Osmenda G, Maciąg J, Wilk G, Maciąg A, Nowakowski D, Loster J, Dembowska E, Robertson D, Guzik T, Cześnikiewicz-Guzik M. Treatment of denture-related stomatitis improves endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated vascular dilation. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:66-74. [PMID: 28144257 PMCID: PMC5206372 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.64715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presence of oral inflammation has recently been linked with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. While numerous studies have described links between periodontitis and endothelial dysfunction, little is known about the influence of denture-related stomatitis (DRS) on cardiovascular risk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether the treatment of DRS can lead to improvement of the clinical measures of vascular dysfunction. MATERIAL AND METHODS The DRS patients were treated with a local oral antifungal agent for 3 weeks. Blood pressure, flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and nitroglycerine-mediated vascular dilatation (NMD) were measured during three study visits: before treatment, one day and two months after conclusion of antifungal therapy. RESULTS Flow-mediated dilatation measurements showed significant improvement of endothelial function 2 months after treatment (FMD median 5%, 95 CI: 3-8.3 vs. 11%, 95% CI: 8.8-14.4; p < 0.01), while there was no difference in control, endothelium-independent vasorelaxations (NMD; median = 15.3%, 95% CI: 10.8-19.3 vs. 12.7%, 95% CI: 10.6-15; p = 0.3). Other cardiovascular parameters such as systolic (median = 125 mm Hg; 95% CI: 116-129 vs. 120 mm Hg, 95% CI: 116-126; p = 0.1) as well as diastolic blood pressure and heart rate (median = 65.5 bpm, 95% CI: 56.7-77.7 vs. 71 bpm, 95% CI: 66.7-75; p = 0.5) did not change during or after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of DRS is associated with improvement of endothelial function. Since endothelial dysfunction is known to precede the development of severe cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and hypertension, patients should be more carefully screened for DRS in general dental practice, and immediate DRS treatment should be advised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Osmenda
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Maciąg
- Department of Dental Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Dental School, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wilk
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Maciąg
- Zbigniew Żak Voivodeship Dental Clinic, Krakow, Poland
| | - Daniel Nowakowski
- Department of Dental Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Dental School, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jolanta Loster
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Dembowska
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Douglas Robertson
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tomasz Guzik
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marta Cześnikiewicz-Guzik
- Department of Dental Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Dental School, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nedumgottil BM. Relative presence of Streptococcus mutans, Veillonella atypica, and Granulicatella adiacens in biofilm of complete dentures. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2017; 18:24-28. [PMID: 29430138 PMCID: PMC5799964 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_183_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objective: Oral biofilms in denture wearers are populated with a large number of bacteria, a few of which have been associated with medical conditions such as sepsis and infective endocarditis (IE). The present study was designed to investigate the relative presence of pathogenic bacteria in biofilms of denture wearers specifically those that are associated with IE. Methods: Biofilm samples from 88 denture wearers were collected and processed to extract total genomic DNA. Eight of these samples were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis to first identify the general bacterial occurrence pattern. This was followed by species-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on entire batch of 88 samples to quantify the relative copy numbers of IE-associated pathogens. Results: 16S rRNA gene analysis of eight biofilm samples identified bacteria from Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria species. Interestingly, Streptococcus mutans, Veillonella atypica, and Granulicatella adiacens from Firmicutes, all known to be associated with early-onset sepsis and IE was present in five of eight biofilm samples. The other three samples carried bacteria from genus Proteobacteria with Neisseria flava and Neisseria mucosa, which are known to be commensals, as dominant species. Species-specific qPCR of S. mutans V. atypica, and G. adiacens on 88 biofilm DNA samples identified the presence of S. mutans in 83%, V. atypica in 79%, and G. adiacens in 76% of samples. Conclusion: The findings from the present study demonstrate co-occurrence of S. mutans, V. atypica, and G. adiacens in a majority of denture wearers, which is clinically significant as elderly patients with compromised immune system are more prone to develop IE. To the best of our knowledge, the co-occurrence of S. mutans, V. atypica, and G. adiacens is being reported for the first time in biofilms of denture wearers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binoy Mathews Nedumgottil
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Puducherry, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
The Denture-Associated Oral Microbiome in Health and Stomatitis. mSphere 2016; 1:mSphere00215-16. [PMID: 28066812 PMCID: PMC5196032 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00215-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Denture stomatitis is a prevalent inflammatory condition of the mucosal tissue in denture wearers that is triggered by microorganisms. While Candida has been extensively studied for its role in stomatitis etiology, the bacterial component largely remains to be investigated. Our data show that certain types of bacteria are significantly associated with denture health and disease. Furthermore, the bacterial communities residing on the teeth and dentures of the same person are similar to each other independently of the surface, and thus, denture health could impact the maintenance of remaining teeth and vice versa. While investigation of the microbiome on natural oral surfaces has generated a wealth of information, few studies have examined the microbial communities colonizing dentures and their relationship to oral health. To address this knowledge gap, we characterized the bacterial community associated with dentures and remaining teeth in healthy individuals and patients with denture stomatitis. The microbiome compositions of matched denture and tooth plaque samples of 10 healthy individuals and 9 stomatitis patients were determined by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. The microbial communities colonizing dentures and remaining teeth in health and disease were very similar to each other. Matched denture and tooth samples from the same individuals shared a significantly higher percentage of identical phylotypes than random pairs of samples from different study participants. Despite these overall similarities, several bacterial phylotypes displayed discrete health- and stomatitis-associated denture colonization, while others were distinct in health and disease independently of the surface. Certain phylotypes exhibited differential colonization of dentures and teeth independently of denture health status. In conclusion, denture and natural tooth surfaces in health and stomatitis harbor similar bacterial communities. Individual-related rather than surface-specific factors play a significant role in the bacterial phylotype composition colonizing dentures and teeth. This individual-specific mutual influence on denture and tooth surface colonization could be an important factor in maintaining oral health in denture wearers. Discrete differences in colonization patterns for distinct genera and phylotypes warrant further studies regarding their potential involvement or utility as specific indicators of health and disease development in denture-wearing individuals. IMPORTANCE Denture stomatitis is a prevalent inflammatory condition of the mucosal tissue in denture wearers that is triggered by microorganisms. While Candida has been extensively studied for its role in stomatitis etiology, the bacterial component largely remains to be investigated. Our data show that certain types of bacteria are significantly associated with denture health and disease. Furthermore, the bacterial communities residing on the teeth and dentures of the same person are similar to each other independently of the surface, and thus, denture health could impact the maintenance of remaining teeth and vice versa.
Collapse
|
41
|
de Almeida ALPF, Catalani DT, Garcia de Oliveira PC, Soares S, Tunes FSM, Neppelenbroek KH. Assessment of Periodontal and Hygiene Conditions of Removable Partial Dentures in Individuals With Clefts. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2016; 53:727-731. [PMID: 26406559 DOI: 10.1597/15-072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess hygiene conditions in removable partial dentures (RPDs) and to compare the periodontal status between abutment and nonabutment teeth in clefts patients. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTINGS Tertiary referral hospital. PARTICIPANTS Forty-five patients of both genders, aged 20 to 75 years, who were upper RPD wearers for at least 2 years, with cleft lip, alveolus, and/or palate who attended follow-up appointments between 2010 and 2012. INTERVENTIONS The clinical periodontal parameters assessed on abutment teeth (experimental group) and nonabutment teeth (control group) were probing depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index, and gingival index (GI). The RPDs were evaluated under the following parameters: hygiene conditions and type of clasp on abutment. Both groups were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn's statistical test. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS One hundred sixty-six abutment teeth and 168 nonabutment teeth were evaluated in 45 patients. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups for the CAL parameter (P = .03). With regard to the prostheses' hygiene conditions through the Tarbet index parameter, of the 186 quadrants evaluated, 143 scored 2 and 3. Ackers' clasps were the most frequent clasps (n = 111). A statistically significant difference was found for the GI parameter (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS It was possible to conclude, in this cross-sectional study, that in general terms, the use of RPDs did not interfere in the periodontal conditions of abutment teeth; however, most prostheses presented poor hygiene and high quantity of dental plaque.
Collapse
|
42
|
Effect of Antimicrobial Denture Base Resin on Multi-Species Biofilm Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071033. [PMID: 27367683 PMCID: PMC4964409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aims of the research were to study the antimicrobial effect of dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) modified denture base resin on multi-species biofilms and the biocompatibility of this modified dental material. Candida albicans (C. albicans), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis), as well as Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii) were used for biofilm formation on denture base resin. Colony forming unit (CFU) counts, microbial viability staining, and 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) array were used to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of DMADDM. C. albicans staining and Real-time PCR were used to analyze the morphology and expression of virulence genes of C. albicans in biofilm. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) array and Real-time PCR were conducted to examine the results after biofilm co-cultured with epithelial cell. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining followed by histological evaluation were used to study the biocompatibility of this modified material. We found that DMADDM containing groups reduced both biomass and metabolic activity of the biofilm significantly. DMADDM can also inhibit the virulence of C. albicans by means of inhibiting the hyphal development and downregulation of two virulence related genes. DMADDM significantly reduced the cell damage caused by multi-species biofilm according to the LDH activity and reduced the expression of IL-18 gene of the cells simultaneously. The in vivo histological evaluation proved that the addition of DMADDM less than 6.6% in denture material did not increase the inflammatory response (p > 0.05). Therefore, we proposed that the novel denture base resin containing DMADDM may be considered as a new promising therapeutic system against problems caused by microbes on denture base such as denture stomatitis.
Collapse
|
43
|
Kim RW, Lee SY, Kim SG, Heo YR, Son MK. Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract for mouthwash and denture cleaning solution. J Adv Prosthodont 2016; 8:172-80. [PMID: 27350850 PMCID: PMC4919486 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2016.8.3.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract for assessing whether Dendropanax morbifera Léveille can be used for the development of natural mouthwash and denture cleaning solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extract was obtained from branches of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille. The solvent fractions were acquired by fractionating Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and butanol solvent. Paper disc test was used to evaluate the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract and solvent fractions against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. The analysis of antioxidant activity was carried out through DPPH radical scavenging assay. The cytotoxicity of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract was analyzed through MTT assay using normal human oral keratinocytes. RESULTS Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract showed antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and especially Candida albicans. The solvent fractions of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille showed strong antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in n-hexane and butanol solvent fraction, respectively. Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract also showed outstanding antioxidant activity. Butanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform solvent fraction of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille tended to have increased antioxidant activity as the concentration increased. Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract showed high cell survival rate in cytotoxicity test. CONCLUSION Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract turned out to have antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and cytophilicity. Based on these results, it is expected that Dendropanax morbifera Léveille is applicable as an ingredient for natural mouthwash and denture cleanser.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryeo-Woon Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Young Lee
- Regional Innovation Center for Dental Science & Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Gwan Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Heo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Kyoung Son
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cavalcanti I, Del Bel Cury A, Jenkinson H, Nobbs A. Interactions betweenStreptococcus oralis,Actinomyces oris, andCandida albicansin the development of multispecies oral microbial biofilms on salivary pellicle. Mol Oral Microbiol 2016; 32:60-73. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I.M.G. Cavalcanti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology; Piracicaba Dental School - University of Campinas; Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
| | - A.A. Del Bel Cury
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology; Piracicaba Dental School - University of Campinas; Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - H.F. Jenkinson
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
| | - A.H. Nobbs
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Souza CMC, Pereira Junior SA, Moraes TDS, Damasceno JL, Amorim Mendes S, Dias HJ, Stefani R, Tavares DC, Martins CHG, Crotti AEM, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Pires RH. Antifungal activity of plant-derived essential oils on Candida tropicalis planktonic and biofilms cells. Med Mycol 2016; 54:515-23. [PMID: 26868902 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental prosthesis supports Candida species growth and may predispose the oral cavity to lesions. C. tropicalis has emerged as a colonizer of prosthesis and has shown resistance to clinically used antifungal agents, which has increased the search for new antifungals. This work describes the effectiveness of fifteen essential oils (EOs) against C. tropicalis The EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and were chemically characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antifungal activities of the EOs were evaluated by the microdilution method and showed that Pelargonium graveolens (Geraniaceae) (PG-EO) was the most effective oil. Geraniol and linalool were the major constituents of PG-EO. The 2,3-Bis-(2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-2H-Tetrazolium-5-Carboxanilide (XTT) assay showed that all the clinical C. tropicalis strains formed viable biofilms. Scanning electron microscopy examination of the biofilms revealed a complex architecture with basal layer of yeast cells and an upper layer of filamentous cells. Treatments with PG-EO, linalool, and geraniol significantly reduced the number of viable biofilm cells and inhibited biofilm formation after exposure for 48 h. PG-EO, geraniol, and linalool were not toxic to normal human lung fibroblasts (GM07492A) at the concentrations they were active against C. tropicalis Together, our results indicated that C. tropicalis is susceptible to treatment with PG-EO, geraniol, and linalool, which could become options to prevent or treat this infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caio Marcelo Cury Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade de Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Thaís da Silva Moraes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade de Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Suzana Amorim Mendes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade de Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Herbert Júnior Dias
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Stefani
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Pontal do Araguaia, MT, Brazil
| | - Denise Crispim Tavares
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade de Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio Eduardo Miller Crotti
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Regina Helena Pires
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mengatto CM, Marchini L, Bernardes LADS, Gomes SC, Silva AM, Rizzatti-Barbosa CM. Partial denture metal framework may harbor potentially pathogenic bacteria. J Adv Prosthodont 2016; 7:468-74. [PMID: 26816577 PMCID: PMC4722151 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2015.7.6.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to characterize and compare bacterial diversity on the removable partial denture (RPD) framework over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS This descriptive pilot study included five women who were rehabilitated with free-end mandibular RPD. The biofilm on T-bar clasps were collected 1 week (t1) and 4 months (t2) after the RPD was inserted (t0). Bacterial 16S rDNA was extracted and PCR amplified. Amplicons were cloned; clones were submitted to cycle sequencing, and sequences were compared with GenBank (98% similarity). RESULTS A total of 180 sequences with more than 499 bp were obtained. Two phylogenetic trees with 84 (t1) and 96 (t2) clones represented the bacteria biofilm at the RPD. About 93% of the obtained phylotypes fell into 25 known species for t1 and 17 for t2, which were grouped in 5 phyla: Firmicutes (t1=82%; t2=60%), Actinobacteria (t1=5%; t2=10%), Bacteroidetes (t1=2%; t2=6%), Proteobacteria (t1=10%; t2=15%) and Fusobacteria (t1=1%; t2=8%). The libraries also include 3 novel phylotypes for t1 and 11 for t2. Library t2 differs from t1 (P=.004); t1 is a subset of the t2 (P=.052). Periodontal pathogens, such as F. nucleatum, were more prevalent in t2. CONCLUSION The biofilm composition of the RPD metal clasps changed along time after RPD wearing. The RPD framework may act as a reservoir for potentially pathogenic bacteria and the RPD wearers may benefit from regular follow-up visits and strategies on prosthesis-related oral health instructions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Machado Mengatto
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Dentistry, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Marchini
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Sabrina Carvalho Gomes
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Dentistry, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alecsandro Moura Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, State University Julio de Mesquita Filho, School of Dentistry, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célia Marisa Rizzatti-Barbosa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dutton LC, Jenkinson HF, Lamont RJ, Nobbs AH. Role of Candida albicans secreted aspartyl protease Sap9 in interkingdom biofilm formation. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw005. [PMID: 26772652 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus Candida albicans colonizes oral cavity surfaces and is carried by up to 60% of human populations. Biofilm development by C. albicans may be modulated by oral streptococci, such as Streptococcus gordonii, S. oralis or S. mutans, so as to augment pathogenicity. In this study we sought to determine if the cell wall-associated secreted aspartyl proteinase Sap9 was necessary for hyphal adhesin functions associated with biofilm community development. A sap9Δ mutant of C. albicans SC5314 formed biofilms that were flatter, and contained fewer blastospores and more hyphal filaments than the parent strain. This phenotypic difference was accentuated under flow (shear) conditions and in the presence of S. gordonii. Dual-species biofilms of C. albicans sap9Δ with S. oralis, S. sanguinis, S. parasanguinis, S. mutans and Enterococcus faecalis all contained more matted hyphae and more bacteria bound to substratum compared to C. albicans wild type. sap9Δ mutant hyphae showed significantly increased cell surface hydrophobicity, ∼25% increased levels of binding C. albicans cell wall protein Als3, and reduced interaction with Eap1, implicating Sap9 in fungal cell-cell recognition. These observations suggest that Sap9 is associated with protein-receptor interactions between fungal cells, and with interkingdom communication in the formation of polymicrobial biofilm communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay C Dutton
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Howard F Jenkinson
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Angela H Nobbs
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Salvatori O, Puri S, Tati S, Edgerton M. Innate Immunity and Saliva in Candida albicans-mediated Oral Diseases. J Dent Res 2016; 95:365-71. [PMID: 26747422 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515625222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is a unique niche where Candida albicans infections occur in immunocompetent as well as immunosuppressed individuals. Here we critically review the significance of human innate immune response in preventing oral candidiasis. One important line of defense against oropharyngeal candidiasis is the oral microbiota that prevents infection by competing for space and nutrients as well as by secreting antagonistic molecules and triggering local inflammatory responses. C. albicans is able to induce mucosal defenses through activation of immune cells and production of cytokines. Also, saliva contains various proteins that affect C. albicans growth positively by promoting mucosal adherence and negatively through immune exclusion and direct fungicidal activity. We further discuss the role of saliva in unifying host innate immune defenses against C. albicans as a communicating medium and how C. albicans overgrowth in the oral cavity may be a result of aberrations ranging from microbial dysbiosis and salivary dysfunction to epithelial damage. Last we underscore select oral diseases in which C. albicans is a contributory microorganism in immune-competent individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Salvatori
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - S Puri
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - S Tati
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M Edgerton
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
O’Donnell LE, Robertson D, Nile CJ, Cross LJ, Riggio M, Sherriff A, Bradshaw D, Lambert M, Malcolm J, Buijs MJ, Zaura E, Crielaard W, Brandt BW, Ramage G. The Oral Microbiome of Denture Wearers Is Influenced by Levels of Natural Dentition. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137717. [PMID: 26368937 PMCID: PMC4569385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The composition of dental plaque has been well defined, whereas currently there is limited understanding of the composition of denture plaque and how it directly influences denture related stomatitis (DS). The aims of this study were to compare the microbiomes of denture wearers, and to understand the implications of these towards inter-kingdom and host-pathogen interactions within the oral cavity. Methods Swab samples were obtained from 123 participants wearing either a complete or partial denture; the bacterial composition of each sample was determined using bar-coded illumina MiSeq sequencing of the bacterial hypervariable V4 region of 16S rDNA. Sequencing data processing was undertaken using QIIME, clustered in Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and assigned to taxonomy. The dentures were sonicated to remove the microbial flora residing on the prosthesis, sonicate was then cultured using diagnostic colorex Candida media. Samples of unstimulated saliva were obtained and antimicrobial peptides (AMP) levels were measured by ELISA. Results We have shown that dental and denture plaques are significantly distinct both in composition and diversity and that the oral microbiome composition of a denture wearer is variable and is influenced by the location within the mouth. Dentures and mucosa were predominantly made up of Bacilli and Actinobacteria. Moreover, the presence of natural teeth has a significant impact on the overall microbial composition, when compared to the fully edentulous. Furthermore, increasing levels of Candida spp. positively correlate with Lactobacillus spp. AMPs were quantified, though showed no specific correlations. Conclusions This is the first study to provide a detailed understanding of the oral microbiome of denture wearers and has provided evidence that DS development is more complex than simply a candidal infection. Both fungal and bacterial kingdoms clearly play a role in defining the progression of DS, though we were unable to show a defined role for AMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E. O’Donnell
- Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Robertson
- Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Nile
- Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J. Cross
- Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marcello Riggio
- Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Sherriff
- Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - David Bradshaw
- GlaxoSmithKline, St Georges Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Lambert
- GlaxoSmithKline, St Georges Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Malcolm
- Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Buijs
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Egija Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bernd W. Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pereira CA, Domingues N, Silva MP, Costa ACBP, Junqueira JC, Jorge AOC. Photodynamic inactivation of virulence factors of Candida strains isolated from patients with denture stomatitis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 153:82-9. [PMID: 26398815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Candida species are major microorganisms isolated in denture stomatitis (DS), an inflammatory process of the mucosa underlying removable dental prostheses, and express a variety of virulence factors that can increase their pathogenicity. The potential of Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) in planktonic culture, biofilms and virulence factors of Candida strains was evaluated. A total of 48 clinical Candida isolates from individuals wearing removable maxillary prostheses with DS were included in the study. The effects of erythrosine (ER, 200 μM) and a green LED (λ 532 ± 10 nm, 237 mW/cm(2) and 42.63 J/cm(2)) in a planktonic culture were evaluated. The effect of the addition of ER at a concentration of 400 μM together with a green LED was evaluated in biofilms. The virulence factors of all of the Candida strains were evaluated before and after the PDI process in cells derived from biofilm and planktonic assays. All of the Candida species were susceptible to ER and green LED. However, the biofilm structures were more resistant to PDI than the planktonic cultures. PDI also promoted slight reductions in most of the virulence factors of C. albicans and some of the Candida tropicalis strains. These results suggest that the addition of PDI is effective for reducing yeasts and may also reduce the virulence of certain Candida species and decrease their pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Aparecida Pereira
- UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Science and Technology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, CEP: 12245-000 SP, Brazil.
| | - Nádia Domingues
- UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Science and Technology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, CEP: 12245-000 SP, Brazil.
| | - Michelle Peneluppi Silva
- UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Science and Technology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, CEP: 12245-000 SP, Brazil.
| | - Anna Carolina Borges Pereira Costa
- UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Science and Technology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, CEP: 12245-000 SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Science and Technology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, CEP: 12245-000 SP, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge
- UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Science and Technology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, CEP: 12245-000 SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|