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Hong J, Luo F, Du X, Xian F, Li X. The immune cells in modulating osteoclast formation and bone metabolism. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112151. [PMID: 38685175 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are pivotal in regulating bone metabolism, with immune cells significantly influencing both physiological and pathological processes by modulating osteoclast functions. This is particularly evident in conditions of inflammatory bone resorption, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. This review summarizes and comprehensively analyzes the research progress on the regulation of osteoclast formation by immune cells, aiming to unveil the underlying mechanisms and pathways through which diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis, impact bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xingyue Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fa Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xinyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
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Matos-Sousa JM, Chemelo VS, Frazão DR, Bittencourt LO, de Moura JDM, Mesquita CM, Marañón-Vásquez G, Fagundes NCF, Paranhos LR, Maia LC, Monteiro MC, Lima RR. Is there any association between the presence of biomarkers and apical periodontitis? A systematic review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1366954. [PMID: 38840914 PMCID: PMC11150667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1366954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to verify whether there is evidence of an association between apical periodontitis and the presence of systemic biomarkers. This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - PRISMA. For this, the acronym PECO was used; population (P) of adult humans exposed (E) to the presence of apical periodontitis, compared (C) to adult humans without apical periodontitis, and the outcome (O) of the presence of biomarkers was observed. The articles were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Cochrane Library, OpenGray, and Google Scholar grey databases. Subsequently, studies were excluded based on title, abstract, and full article reading, following the eligibility criteria. The methodological quality of the selected studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa qualifier. After exclusion, 656 studies were identified, resulting in 17 final articles that were divided into case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies. Eight studies were considered to have a low risk of bias, one had a medium risk of bias, and eight had a high risk of bias. In addition, 12 articles evaluated biomarkers in blood plasma, four evaluated them in saliva, and only one evaluated them in gingival crevicular fluid. The results of these studies indicated an association between apical periodontitis and the systemic presence of biomarkers. These markers are mainly related to inflammation, such as interleukins IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6, oxidative markers, such as nitric oxide and superoxide anions, and immunoglobulins IgG and IgM. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier (CRD42023493959).
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Affiliation(s)
- José Mário Matos-Sousa
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Victória Santos Chemelo
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Deborah Ribeiro Frazão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - João Daniel Mendonça de Moura
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Caio Melo Mesquita
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guido Marañón-Vásquez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Renato Paranhos
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
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Maia CA, Chaves HGDS, Benetti F, de Menezes GB, Antunes MM, Pinto KP, Silva EJNL, Sobrinho APR, Tavares WLF. Zoledronic Acid Modulates Cytokine Expression and Mitigates Bone Loss during the Development of Induced Apical Periodontitis in a Mice Model. J Endod 2023; 49:1522-1528. [PMID: 37633518 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bisphosphonates are antiresorptive drugs used worldwide to treat systemic bone pathologies. This study aimed to assess the impact of zoledronic acid on the progression of induced apical periodontitis and the expression of cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in a mouse model. METHODS Sixteen female isogenic BALB/c mice 6 weeks of age were distributed into 2 groups: mice with induced apical periodontitis (the AP group, n = 8) and mice with induced apical periodontitis treated with zoledronic acid (the AP-ZA group, n = 8). The AP-ZA group received a dose of 125 μg/kg zoledronic acid diluted in sterile saline solution administered intraperitoneally once a week for 4 weeks before pulp exposure, whereas the AP group received only saline solution. Pulp exposures were performed on the maxillary first molars for the induction of apical periodontitis, and mice were euthanized after 7 and 21 days. The jaws were collected; scanned using micro-computed tomographic imaging; and processed for polymerase chain reaction analysis of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α. The Student t test was performed for parametric data, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for nonparametric data. The level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS Micro-computed tomographic imaging revealed higher bone resorption in the AP group compared with the AP-ZA group at both time points (P < .05). Real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated higher TNF-α expression in the AP group at both time points and higher IL-6 and IL-1β expression in the AP group at the 7- and 21-day time points, respectively, compared with the AP-ZA group (P < .05). No differences were observed regarding IL-10 expression between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Zoledronic acid had significant anti-inflammatory and antiresorptive effects on apical periodontitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Andrade Maia
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Francine Benetti
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Maísa Mota Antunes
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karem Paula Pinto
- School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva
- School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Grande Rio University, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Andrade ADO, Mesquita RA, Gordón-Núñez MA, Alves PM, Nonaka CFW. Immunoexpression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in Radicular Cysts, Dentigerous Cysts, and Odontogenic Keratocysts. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:113-120. [PMID: 36449693 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoexpression of chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 in radicular cysts (RCs), dentigerous cysts (DCs), and odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), and to correlate the findings with morphologic parameters of RCs (inflammatory infiltrate and cystic epithelium). Twenty RCs, 20 DCs, and 20 OKCs were submitted to immunohistochemistry. The percentages of cytoplasmic (CXCL12 and CXCR4) and nuclear (CXCR4) staining in epithelial and fibrous capsule cells were determined. RCs and DCs exhibited higher epithelial expression of CXCL12 than OKCs ( P <0.05). The expression of CXCL12 in the fibrous capsule was higher in DCs than in RCs and OKCs ( P <0.05). Higher cytoplasmic expression of CXCR4 was observed in the epithelial lining and fibrous capsule of RCs and DCs compared with OKCs ( P <0.05). In the fibrous capsule, DCs exhibited higher nuclear expression of CXCR4 than OKCs ( P <0.05). No significant differences in the immunoexpression of CXCL12 or CXCR4 were observed according to the morphologic parameters of RCs ( P >0.05). Strong positive correlations were found between cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of CXCR4 in the epithelial lining of RCs and DCs and in the fibrous capsule of all groups ( P <0.05). The results suggest the participation of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in the pathogenesis of RCs, DCs, and OKCs. These proteins may be particularly relevant for the development of odontogenic cysts with less aggressive biological behavior, irrespective of their nature (inflammatory or developmental). In RCs, the expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 may not be related to the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate or the status of cystic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Pollianna Muniz Alves
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Brazil
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Chen Y, Huang Z, Tang Z, Huang Y, Huang M, Liu H, Ziebolz D, Schmalz G, Jia B, Zhao J. More Than Just a Periodontal Pathogen –the Research Progress on Fusobacterium nucleatum. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:815318. [PMID: 35186795 PMCID: PMC8851061 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.815318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common oral opportunistic bacterium that can cause different infections. In recent years, studies have shown that F. nucleatum is enriched in lesions in periodontal diseases, halitosis, dental pulp infection, oral cancer, and systemic diseases. Hence, it can promote the development and/or progression of these conditions. The current study aimed to assess research progress in the epidemiological evidence, possible pathogenic mechanisms, and treatment methods of F. nucleatum in oral and systemic diseases. Novel viewpoints obtained in recent studies can provide knowledge about the role of F. nucleatum in hosts and a basis for identifying new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of F. nucleatum-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengming Tang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingshu Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Jia, ; Jianjiang Zhao,
| | - Jianjiang Zhao
- Shenzhen Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Jia, ; Jianjiang Zhao,
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Abraham D, Singh A, Kurian A, Gupta A, Aneja K, Sethi S. Correlation of endodontic infection and cytokine expression in patients with systemic diseases: A systematic review of clinical studies. ENDODONTOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_13_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Poyato-Borrego M, Segura-Egea JJ, Martín-González J, Jiménez-Sánchez MC, Cabanillas-Balsera D, Areal-Quecuty V, Segura-Sampedro JJ. Prevalence of endodontic infection in patients with Crohn´s disease and ulcerative colitis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2021; 26:e208-e215. [PMID: 32851982 PMCID: PMC7980298 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.24135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have linked apical periodontitis (AP) to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of AP and root canal treatment (RCT) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn´s disease (CD). MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study, including 28 patients with Crohn´s disease and 26 with ulcerative colitis, was conducted. AP was diagnosed as radiolucent periapical lesions (RPLs), using the periapical index score (PAI). Student's t test, 2 test and multivariate logistic regression were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression run with age, gender, number of teeth, number of RFT, periodontal disease and the type of IBD as covariates, taking as dependent variable and outcome "periapical status" (0 = no tooth with RPL; 1 = at least one tooth with RPL), showed that both UC and CD patients had the prevalence apical periodontitis (OR = 1.03; C.I. 95% = 0.25 - 4.31; p = 0.97). The multivariate analysis, including all the above covariates, shows that both in UC and CD patients the prevalence of RCT was similar (OR = 0.76; C.I. 95% = 0.17 - 7.31; p = 0.73). Periapical status was significantly associated with endodontic status (OR = 42.72; C.I. 95% = 3.87 - 472.15; p = 0.002), regardless of IBD type. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study show similar frequency of AP and RFT in both UC and CD patients. The type of IBD does not appear to affect the prevalence of radiographically detectable periapical lesions or the prevalence of root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Poyato-Borrego
- Son Espases University Hospital School of Medicine, University of Balearic Islands Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Galler KM, Weber M, Korkmaz Y, Widbiller M, Feuerer M. Inflammatory Response Mechanisms of the Dentine-Pulp Complex and the Periapical Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031480. [PMID: 33540711 PMCID: PMC7867227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the oral cavity is complex and unique in the human body. Soft-tissue structures are in close interaction with mineralized bone, but also dentine, cementum and enamel of our teeth. These are exposed to intense mechanical and chemical stress as well as to dense microbiologic colonization. Teeth are susceptible to damage, most commonly to caries, where microorganisms from the oral cavity degrade the mineralized tissues of enamel and dentine and invade the soft connective tissue at the core, the dental pulp. However, the pulp is well-equipped to sense and fend off bacteria and their products and mounts various and intricate defense mechanisms. The front rank is formed by a layer of odontoblasts, which line the pulp chamber towards the dentine. These highly specialized cells not only form mineralized tissue but exert important functions as barrier cells. They recognize pathogens early in the process, secrete antibacterial compounds and neutralize bacterial toxins, initiate the immune response and alert other key players of the host defense. As bacteria get closer to the pulp, additional cell types of the pulp, including fibroblasts, stem and immune cells, but also vascular and neuronal networks, contribute with a variety of distinct defense mechanisms, and inflammatory response mechanisms are critical for tissue homeostasis. Still, without therapeutic intervention, a deep carious lesion may lead to tissue necrosis, which allows bacteria to populate the root canal system and invade the periradicular bone via the apical foramen at the root tip. The periodontal tissues and alveolar bone react to the insult with an inflammatory response, most commonly by the formation of an apical granuloma. Healing can occur after pathogen removal, which is achieved by disinfection and obturation of the pulp space by root canal treatment. This review highlights the various mechanisms of pathogen recognition and defense of dental pulp cells and periradicular tissues, explains the different cell types involved in the immune response and discusses the mechanisms of healing and repair, pointing out the close links between inflammation and regeneration as well as between inflammation and potential malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin M. Galler
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93093 Regensburg, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Manuel Weber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Yüksel Korkmaz
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Matthias Widbiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93093 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Markus Feuerer
- Department for Immunology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Espaladori MC, Diniz JMB, de Brito LCN, Tavares WLF, Kawai T, Vieira LQ, Sobrinho APR. Selenium intracanal dressing: effects on the periapical immune response. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:2951-2958. [PMID: 33026524 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the selenium (Se) behavior when used as an endodontic dressing in teeth with pulp necrosis. Additionally, its effects was also compared with the calcium hydroxide (C.H.), which is used globally as a root canal dressing, and the combination of the C.H. with Se (C.H. + Se). MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consisted of 60 patients requiring endodontic treatment who were divided into groups, i.e., without intracanal medication (empty) and with medications as follows: selenium (Se), calcium hydroxide (C.H.), and calcium hydroxide + selenium (C.H. + Se) (n = 15). After the coronary opening, three absorbent paper points were placed in the RCS and maintained for 2 min for microbial evaluation. Following the cleaning and shaping procedures, new paper points were introduced into the root canal system, passing passively through the root apex (2 mm) into the periapical tissues for 2 min, for immune evaluation. The collections were performed again 15 days later. Real-time PCR quantified the expression of the prokaryotic 16S ribosomal RNA. The 16S mRNA was evaluated before the cleaning and shaping procedures and 15 days later in the groups treated with or without medication. RESULTS A significant reduction in the microbial load was observed only in the groups that received endodontic dressing (p < 0.05). The cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-17A, IL-10, IL-6 and MCP-1, were also quantified by real-time PCR. There was an increase in the gene expression level of the cytokines (T15) TNF-α and IL-10 in the C.H. group compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The IFN-γ mRNA expression was reduced in the groups treated with the medications (Se, C.H., and C.H. + Se). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study indicate that in the case of treatment over multiple sessions, the use of root canal dressing is essential to avoid the root canal system (RCS) microbial recolonization. Selenium potentiated the effects of calcium hydroxide inducing an anti-inflammatory response in periapical tissues. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Se is a mineral essential for the formation of the amino acid selenocysteine, which is directly involved in the maintenance of the immune response. Selenium has been widely used in the medical field in the treatment of cancer, as an activator of bone metabolism, and as a stimulator of the immune system. In this study, it was shown that the incorporation of Se, whether as intracanal medication alone or in conjunction with other medications, may potentiate periapical tissue repair after RCS cleaning and shaping procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Carvalho Espaladori
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Julia Mourão Braga Diniz
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Toshihisa Kawai
- College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Leda Quercia Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Bergamini ML, Mardegan AP, DE Rosa CS, Palmieri M, Sarmento DJDS, Hiraki KRN, Costa ALF, HassÉus B, Jonasson P, Braz-Silva PH. Presence of langerhans cells, regulatory T cells (Treg) and mast cells in asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e108. [PMID: 32876121 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis is essentially an inflammatory disease of microbial aetiology. Association and function of the cell components involved, or specific inductive factors and growth mediators associated with development, maintenance and resolution of the periapical lesions are still unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentration of Regulatory T cells (FoxP3+; Treg), Langerhans cells (CD1a+; LC) and mast cells in asymptomatic apical periodontitis. 73 cases were selected: 30 periapical granulomas, 29 radicular cysts and 14 residual cysts. All groups were submitted to morphological analysis for classification of inflammatory infiltrate and thickness of the epithelial lining as well as to immunohistochemical analysis for detection of LC and Treg cells. Toluidine blue staining was used for detecting mast cells. Analysis showed higher mean numbers of LC (8.2 cells/0.2mm2), and Treg cells in radicular cysts (5.910 cells/0.2mm2). As for mast cells, it was found that radicular cysts had a higher mean number of these cells compared to other periapical lesions (12.68 cells/0.2mm2). The association between thickness of the epithelial lining and inflammatory cells showed that the presence of hypertrophic epithelium in radicular cysts presented higher density of LC. The number of LC and Treg cells play an important role in the control of the inflammatory micro-environment in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts, respectively. The presence of mast cells in radicular cysts may be associated with progression of the lesion. Knowledge regarding the inflammatory cell profile is therefore essential for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of asymptomatic periapical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lobo Bergamini
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa Pinto Mardegan
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Michelle Palmieri
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Karen Renata Nakamura Hiraki
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Bengt HassÉus
- Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborgs Universitet, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Jonasson
- Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborgs Universitet, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Eraković M, Duka M, Bekić M, Tomić S, Ismaili B, Vučević D, Čolić M. Anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Biodentine on human periapical lesion cells in culture. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1398-1412. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Eraković
- Clinic for Stomatology Military Medical Academy BelgradeSerbia
| | - M. Duka
- Clinic for Stomatology Military Medical Academy BelgradeSerbia
| | - M. Bekić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy Zemun Serbia
| | - S. Tomić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy Zemun Serbia
| | - B. Ismaili
- Polyclinic, Ismaili Gostivar North Macedonia
| | - D. Vučević
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy University of Defense Belgrade Serbia
| | - M. Čolić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy Zemun Serbia
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy University of Defense Belgrade Serbia
- Medical Faculty Foča University of East Sarajevo R.Srpska Bosnia and Herzegovina
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12
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Wei L, Xu M, Xiong H. An update of knowledge on the regulatory role of Treg cells in apical periodontitis. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1356-1365. [PMID: 32485020 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apical periodontitis (AP) is a prevalent infectious and inflammatory disorder that involves inflammation of periapical tissues and the disintegration of alveolar bone. AP may eventually lead to tooth loss if not timely treated. This disease is caused by pathogenic bacteria in the necrotic pulps and root canals, thereby triggering responses from the innate and adaptive immune system of the periapical tissues. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a major role in maintaining immune homoeostasis and immunological self-tolerance; however, these only account for roughly 5%-10% of human peripheral CD4+ T cells. Several studies have examined the possible role and underlying mechanism of Treg cells in different inflammatory and autoimmune disorders to facilitate the development of novel treatments for these diseases. Recent studies have indicated that Treg cells may gather at the sites of infection, thus limiting the generation of immune responses and bone resorption in the periapical area. This review will summarize studies regarding the presence and regulatory role of Treg cells in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mi Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haofei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Clinical endodontic procedures modulate periapical cytokine and chemokine gene expressions. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3691-3697. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Fouad AF, Khan AA, Silva RM, Kang MK. Genetic and Epigenetic Characterization of Pulpal and Periapical Inflammation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:21. [PMID: 32116745 PMCID: PMC7010935 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulpal and periapical diseases affect a large segment of the population. The role of microbial infections and host effector molecules in these diseases is well established. However, the interaction between host genes and environmental factors in disease susceptibility and progression is less well understood. Studies of genetic polymorphisms in disease relevant genes have suggested that individual predisposition may contribute to susceptibility to pulpal and periapical diseases. Other studies have explored the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms to these diseases. Ongoing research expands the spectrum of non-coding RNAs in pulpal disease to include viral microRNAs as well. This review summarizes recent advances in the genetic and epigenetic characterization of pulpal and periapical disease, with special emphasis on recent data that address the pathogenesis of irreversible pulpal pathosis and apical periodontitis. Specifically, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory gene expression and gene polymorphism, as well as recent data on DNA methylation and microRNAs are reviewed. Improved understanding of these mechanisms may aid in disease prevention as well as in improved treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf F Fouad
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Asma A Khan
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Renato M Silva
- Department of Endodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mo K Kang
- Section of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Poyato-Borrego M, Segura-Sampedro JJ, Martín-González J, Torres-Domínguez Y, Velasco-Ortega E, Segura-Egea JJ. High Prevalence of Apical Periodontitis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Age- and Gender- matched Case-control Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:273-279. [PMID: 31247107 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep carious lesions cause pulpitis, pulpal necrosis and, finally, apical periodontitis (AP). Root canal treatment (RCT) is the treatment of choice for AP, changing the tooth into a root-filled tooth (RFT). Several studies have linked AP and RFT to systemic diseases. Likewise, previous studies have also found an association among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and periodontal disease. This study aims to analyze the frequency of AP and RCT in IBD patients and healthy control subjects. METHODS An age- and gender-matched case-control study design was used. The study group (SG) included 54 IBD patients (28 with Crohn´s disease, 26 with ulcerative colitis). Another 54 healthy subjects without IBD and age- and gender-matched were included in the control group (CG). The radiographic records were analyzed, and periapical radiolucencies were diagnosed as AP, using the periapical index (PAI). The statistical analysis was carried out using the Student t test, χ 2 test, and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The presence of 1 or more teeth with radiolucent periapical lesions (RPLs) was found in 19 patients (35.2%) in the study group and in 9 subjects (16.7%) in the control group (P = 0.03). No differences were found among the 2 groups neither in the amount of teeth with AP nor in the number of RFTs (P > 0.05). However, multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for number of teeth and number of RFTs showed that patients with IBD have RPLs with higher likelihood than control patients (odds ratio, 5.7; confidence interval 95%, 1.7-19.1; P = 0.0048). CONCLUSIONS Subjects with inflammatory bowel disease have higher prevalence of apical periodontitis. An oral health protocol should be established to address the higher prevalence of inflammatory oral processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan J Segura-Sampedro
- General & Digestive Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, School of Medicine, University of Balearic Islands, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jenifer Martín-González
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Calle Avicena s/n, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Eugenio Velasco-Ortega
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Calle Avicena s/n, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan J Segura-Egea
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Calle Avicena s/n, Sevilla, Spain
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Wang Y, Liu G, Zhang J, Zhu L, Yu J, Zhu S, Lv F, Peng B. Overexpression of Cyclophilin A in Human Periapical Lesions. J Endod 2019; 45:1496-1503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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De Rossi A, Lucisano MP, De Rossi M, Nelson‐Filho P, Silva RAB, Silva LAB, Saraiva MCP, Fukada SY. Effect of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 deficiency on the development of apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2019; 53:354-365. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. De Rossi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirao PretoBrazil
| | - M. P. Lucisano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirao PretoBrazil
| | - M. De Rossi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirao PretoBrazil
| | - P. Nelson‐Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirao PretoBrazil
| | - R. A. B. Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirao PretoBrazil
| | - L. A. B. Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirao PretoBrazil
| | - M. C. P. Saraiva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirao PretoBrazil
| | - S. Y. Fukada
- Department of Physics and Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirao Preto Brazil
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Fu J, Yang T, Wang W, Xu S. Effect of selenium antagonist lead-induced damage on Th1/Th2 imbalance in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of chickens. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 175:74-82. [PMID: 30889402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a type of toxic metal that can hurt the immune system. Selenium (Se) can reduce the damage caused by heavy metals. To investigate the effects of Se against Pb on bird immune cells, as well as the immunotoxin mechanism of Pb, Se supplementation and/or Pb poisoning chicken models were established. One hundred eighty 1-year-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6). The four groups were the control group, the selenium-rich group (Se group), the Pb supplementation group (Pb group) and the Se and Pb compound group (Se + Pb group). The peripheral blood lymphocytes of chickens were collected to test the selenoproteins and cytokine mRNA levels at 30 and 60 d. Determination of the content of Se and Pb in the serum, principal component analysis and ingenuity pathway analysis were performed at the two time points. As a result, Pb exposure increased the content of Pb, activating the Th1/Th2 pathway in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Additionally, this experiment showed that Se supplementation and Pb exposure could influence the mRNA levels of selenoproteins and cytokines in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of chickens. However, all of the parameters that we detected in the experiment indicated that Se supplementation could alleviate the increase of selenoproteins and cytokine mRNA levels and the Th1/Th2 imbalance induced by Pb in peripheral blood lymphocytes. In summary, Se can alleviate the toxic effects caused by Pb in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of chickens, suggesting the antagonism between Se and Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Tianshu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Tao YW, Xing Q, Li D, Quan J, Gao Y, Hu X, Zhang X. Association between Increased Inducible Costimulator/Inducible Costimulator Ligand Expression with Bone Destruction in Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2019; 45:890-897. [PMID: 31153660 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim was to assess the association of inducible costimulator (ICOS) and ICOS ligand with bone destruction in apical periodontitis (AP). METHODS Specimens from patients presenting with AP were obtained during apicoectomy and subjected to histopathologic analysis and molecular assessment of ICOS/ICOS ligand. In addition, the experimental AP was induced by exposing the pulp of first mandibular molars of rats. Histologic and radiographic examinations were performed to validate the periapical lesions. The immunolocalization and messenger RNA expression of ICOS/ICOS ligand were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The osteoclastic activities in periapical lesions, including the lesion size and the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand, were recorded and followed by correlation analysis with ICOS/ICOS ligand expression. RESULTS In excisional specimens from AP patients, a significantly increased expression of ICOS/ICOS ligand was found compared with the healthy control. In the experimental AP samples, the expression of ICOS/ICOS ligand, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand was significantly elevated in inflamed periapical tissues (AP group) when compared with the healthy control. The number of ICOS+/ICOS ligand+ cells was highly correlated with the periapical lesion size (r = 0.892, P < .01 and r = 0.930, P < .01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The increased expression of ICOS/ICOS ligand in periapical lesions was associated with the inflammatory infiltration and alveolar bone destruction of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Tao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Xing
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Zhujiang New Town Dental Clinic, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danna Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Quan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Braz-Silva PH, Bergamini ML, Mardegan AP, De Rosa CS, Hasseus B, Jonasson P. Inflammatory profile of chronic apical periodontitis: a literature review. Acta Odontol Scand 2019; 77:173-180. [PMID: 30585523 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2018.1521005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apical periodontitis caused by root canal infection is the most frequent pathological lesion in the jaws, mainly manifested as periapical granulomas and cysts. Understanding of the formation and progression of apical periodontitis as well as the identification of inflammatory biomarkers can help increase the knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms, improve the diagnosis and provide support for different therapeutic strategies. The objective of the present article is to review inflammatory biomarkers such as cytokines, chemokines, inflammatory cells, neuropeptides, RANK/RANKL/OPG system and other inflammatory markers and to relate these systems to the development and progression of pathological conditions related to apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lobo Bergamini
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Pinto Mardegan
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Catharina Simioni De Rosa
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bengt Hasseus
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Jonasson
- Department of Endodontology, Institute of Odontology The Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Production of Soluble Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-Β Ligand and Osteoprotegerin by Apical Periodontitis Cells in Culture and Their Modulation by Cytokines. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:8325380. [PMID: 31011287 PMCID: PMC6442274 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8325380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RANKL, a bone-destructive cytokine, and OPG, its osteoprotective counterpart, are expressed in periapical lesions (PLs), which represent hystopatological manifestations of apical periodontitis. However, their regulation in PLs has not been elucidated yet. Therefore, our aim was to study the production of RANKL and OPG and their modulation by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in PL cell cultures. Isolated PL cells were cultured alone or with addition of TNF-α, IFN-ϒ, IL-17, IL-4, IL-10, and IL- 33, respectively. The levels of RANKL and OPG in supernatants were measured by ELISA. The proportion of CD3+ (T cells) and CD19+/CD138+ (B cells/plasma cells) within isolated PLs was determined by immunocytochemistry. The levels of RANKL were higher in cultures of symptomatic PLs compared to asymptomatic PLs and PLs with the dominance of T cells (T-type lesions) over B cells/plasma cells (B-type lesions). A higher proportion of osteodestructive processes (RANKL/OPG ratio > 1.0) were detected in symptomatic PLs. The production of RANKL was upregulated by IFN-ϒ and IL-17 and higher concentrations of IL-33. IL-10 and lower concentrations of IL-33 augmented the production of OPG. The addition of either RANKL or anti-RANKL antibody to the cultures did not modify significantly the production of OPG. In conclusion, this original PL cell culture model suggests that increased bone destruction through upregulated production of RANKL could be associated with exacerbation of inflammation in PLs with the predominance of Th1 and Th17 responses and increased secretion of IL-33. In contrast, IL-10 and lower levels of IL-33, through upregulation of OPG, may suppress osteolytic processes.
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Positive Correlation between Activated CypA/CD147 Signaling and MMP-9 Expression in Mice Inflammatory Periapical Lesion. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8528719. [PMID: 30949512 PMCID: PMC6425416 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8528719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aim Cyclophilin A (CypA)/CD147 signaling plays critical roles in the regulation of inflammation and bone metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the participation of CypA/CD147 in mice periapical lesions progression and its relationship with bone resorption. Methodology Periapical lesions were induced by pulp exposure in the first lower molars of 40 C57BL/6J mice. The mice were sacrificed on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49. Mandibles were harvested for X-ray imaging, microcomputed tomography scanning, histologic observation, immunohistochemistry, enzyme histochemistry, and double immunofluorescence analysis. Western blot was employed to further detect the related molecular signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells treated with CypA inhibitor. Results The volume and area of the periapical lesions increased from day 0 to day 35 and remained comparably stable until day 49. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the CypA expression levels also increased from day 0 to day 35 and decreased until day 49, similar to CD147 expression (R2 = 0.4423, P < 0.05), osteoclast number (R2 = 0.5101, P < 0.01), and the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) (R2 = 0.4715, P < 0.05). Serial sections further confirmed the colocalization of CypA and CD147 on osteoclasts with immunohistochemistry. And the distribution of CypA-positive or CD147-positive cells was positively correlated with the dynamics of MMP-9-positive cells by using immunofluorescence analysis. Furthermore, CD147 and MMP-9 expression in RAW 264.7 cells were both downregulated with CypA inhibitor treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions The present study reveals the positive correlation of CypA/CD147 signaling and osteoclast-related MMP-9 expression in mice inflammatory periapical lesions progression. Therefore, intervention of CypA/CD147 signaling could probably provide a potential therapeutic target for attenuating inflammatory bone resorption.
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Colavite PM, Cavalla F, Garlet TP, Azevedo MDCS, Melchiades JL, Campanelli AP, Letra A, Trombone APF, Silva RM, Garlet GP. TBX21-1993T/C polymorphism association with Th1 and Th17 response at periapex and with periapical lesions development risk. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:609-619. [PMID: 30548981 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.6a0918-339r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
TBX21-1993T/C (rs4794067) polymorphism increases the transcriptional activity of the Tbx21, essential for interferon gamma (IFNg) transcription, but its functional impact on development Th1- response in vivo remains unclear, as well its potential influence over inflammatory osteolytic conditions, such as periapical lesions. Therefore, this study comprises a case-control and functional investigation of Tbx21 genetic variations impact on Th1 response in vivo and in vitro, and its impact on periapical lesions risk and outcome, performed with a population of healthy controls (H; N = 283) and patients presenting periapical lesions (L; N = 188) or deep caries (DC; N = 152). TBX21-1993T/C genotyping demonstrated that the polymorphic allele C, as well TC/TC+CC genotypes, was significantly less frequent in the L patients compared to H and DC groups. Additionally, gene expression analysis demonstrates that T-cell-specific T-box transcription factor (Tbet) and IFNg transcripts levels were downregulated whereas IL-17 levels were upregulated in the TBX21-1993 C carriers (TC/TC+CC) in comparison with the TT group. Also, while TT and TC+CC genotypes are equally prevalent in the lesions presenting low IFN/IL17 ratio, a significant decrease in polymorphic TC+CC genotypes was observed in lesions presenting intermediate and high IFN/IL17 ratio. In vitro experiments confirmed the predisposition to Th1 polarization associated with TBX21-1993, since PBMC CD4 T cells from T allele carriers produce higher IFNg levels upon CD3/CD28 stimulation than the C group, in both standard/neutral and Th1-polarizing culture conditions. In conclusion, the TBX21-1993 T allele and TC/CC genotypes predispose to Th1-type immune response development in vitro, influence immune response polarization in vivo, and consequently account for the risk for apical periodontitis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Maria Colavite
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Franco Cavalla
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thiago Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology and Genetics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | | | - Jessica Lima Melchiades
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Campanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, and Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Renato Menezes Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Zhang S, Li C, Zhang S, Li L, Zhang W, Dong Z, Zhang W. Serum levels of proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and RANKL/OPG in synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome. Mod Rheumatol 2018; 29:523-530. [PMID: 29694253 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1469580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the expression of proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and receptor activator NK-κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) in synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome, and to assess the relationship between those factors and disease activity. METHODS We studied 30 cases of SAPHO syndrome and 15 healthy controls. According to the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Activity Index (BASDAI), patients were divided into active group and stable group. The serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β1, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-22, RANKL, and OPG were determined by ELISA. RESULTS The active group IL-6 (2.34 ± 1.31 pg/ml), IL-8 (36.41 ± 12.93 pg/ml), and IL-17A (29.17 ± 4.01 pg/ml) levels were significantly higher than those in the stable group (p < .01) and healthy controls (p < .01). RANKL in active group (73.43 ± 57.07 pg/ml) was significantly higher than the ones in other groups (p < .0001), with increased RANKL/OPG ratio in the active group compared with other groups (p < .05). While the level of TGF-β1 in the active group was significantly lower than that in the stable and control groups (p < .0001). There was no significant difference with clinical significance were found in IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-22, and OPG. CONCLUSION In active SAPHO patients, there was an anomaly of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines balance in SAPHO syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- a Department of Rheumatology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Chen Li
- b Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Siya Zhang
- c Department of Immunology , Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology , Beijing , China
| | - Li Li
- d Department of Dermatology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Weihong Zhang
- e Department of Radiology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Zhenhua Dong
- b Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Wen Zhang
- a Department of Rheumatology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
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Braga Diniz JM, Espaladori MC, Souza E Silva ME, Brito LCN, Vieira LQ, Ribeiro Sobrinho AP. Immunological profile of teeth with inflammatory periapical disease from chronic liver disease patients. Int Endod J 2018; 52:149-157. [PMID: 30091243 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the mRNA expression levels of the cytokines interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, IL-6, VEGF, and AGT and the chemokine CCL2/MCP-1 in periapical interstitial fluid associated with root canal infections before and after the reduction of the bacterial load using a cleaning procedure. METHODOLOGY The case group included 11 patients with chronic liver disease, and the control group included 11 healthy patients. Clinical samples were taken from teeth with pulp necrosis. After cleaning and drying the canal, three paper points were introduced into the root canal and passed through the root apex (2 mm) into the periapical tissues for 1 min. The samples were collected immediately after root canal cleaning and 7 days later to characterize those gene expression levels using real-time PCR. The data were subjected to the Shapiro-Wilk and the Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS In the control group, significantly increased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α was observed in teeth with restrained bacterial loads (day 7) (P < 0.05). Similarly, increased TNF-α expression was found on day 7 in the liver group (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in the expression levels of the IL-1β, IL-10 and, IL-6, MCP-1/CCL-2 and VEGF between the first collection (day 0) and second collection (day 7), over time in either group. CONCLUSION Chronic liver disease patients exhibited sufficient immunologic ability showing relatively similar expression levels of cytokines, chemokines and angiogenic factors in periapical samples compared with the responses from no-chronic liver disease patients. The outcomes of this study suggest that liver impairment did not compromise the periapical immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Braga Diniz
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M C Espaladori
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M E Souza E Silva
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - L C N Brito
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Itaúna, Itaúna, Brazil
| | - L Q Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - A P Ribeiro Sobrinho
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Abstract
Conventional root canal therapies yield high success rates. The treatment outcomes are negatively affected by the presence of apical periodontitis (AP), which reflects active root canal infection and inflammatory responses. Also, cross-sectional studies revealed surprisingly high prevalence of AP in the general population, especially in those with prior endodontic treatments. Hence, AP is an ongoing disease entity in endodontics that needs further understanding of the pathogenesis and disease progression. The current Chapter will discuss the basic mechanisms of AP with emphasis on emerging role of epigenetic regulators in regulation of inflammatory mediators.
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Naufel AO, Aguiar MCF, Madeira FM, Abreu LG. Treg and Th17 cells in inflammatory periapical disease: a systematic review. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e103. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Lima SMF, Freire MS, Gomes ALO, Cantuária APC, Dutra FRP, Magalhães BS, Sousa MGC, Migliolo L, Almeida JA, Franco OL, Rezende TMB. Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity of host defense peptides, clavanins and LL-37, in vitro: An endodontic perspective. Peptides 2017; 95:16-24. [PMID: 28712894 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Endodontic treatment is mainly based on root canal disinfection and its failure may be motivated by microbial resistance. Endodontic therapy can be benefitted by host defense peptides (HDPs), which are multifunctional molecules that act against persistent infection and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial, cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activity of several HDPs, namely clavanin A, clavanin A modified (MO) and LL-37, compared to intracanal medication Ca(OH)2. HDPs and Ca(OH)2 were evaluated by: (1) antimicrobial assays against Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis, (2) cytotoxicity assays and (3) cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 and nitric oxide (NO) production by RAW 264.7 cells incubated with or without heat-killed (HK) C. albicans or E. faecalis combined or not with interferon-γ. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was established only for E. faecalis (LL-37, 57μM). Considering cytotoxicity, clavanin MO was able to reduce cell viability in many groups and demonstrated lowest LC50. The Ca(OH)2 up-regulated the production of MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-6 and down-regulated IL-1α, IL-10 and NO. Clavanins up-regulated the TNF-α and NO and down-regulated IL-10 production. LL-37 demonstrated up-regulation of IL-6 and TNF-α production and down-regulation in IL-10 and NO production. In conclusion, LL-37 demonstrated better antibacterial potential. In addition, Ca(OH)2 demonstrated a proinflammatory response, while the HDPs modulated the inflammatory response from non-interference with the active cytokines in the osteoclastogenesis process, probably promoting the health of periradicular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Maris F Lima
- Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus I, QS 07 Lote 01 EPCT, 71966-700, Águas Claras, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, 70790-160, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Mirna S Freire
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, 70790-160, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Programa de Doutorado da Rede Centro-Oeste, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa O Gomes
- Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus I, QS 07 Lote 01 EPCT, 71966-700, Águas Claras, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, 70790-160, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula C Cantuária
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, 70790-160, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Flávia Rodrigues P Dutra
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, 70790-160, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S Magalhães
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, 70790-160, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Grupo de Engenharia Metabólica Aplicada a Bioprocessos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Maurício Gonçalves C Sousa
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, 70790-160, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Ludovico Migliolo
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, 70790-160, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Av. Tamandaré, 6000, Jardim Seminário, 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jeeser A Almeida
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, Cidade Universitária, 79070-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Octávio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, 70790-160, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Programa de Doutorado da Rede Centro-Oeste, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Av. Tamandaré, 6000, Jardim Seminário, 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Taia Maria B Rezende
- Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus I, QS 07 Lote 01 EPCT, 71966-700, Águas Claras, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, 70790-160, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Rodrigues JT, Dos Santos Antunes H, Armada L, Pires FR. Influence of surgical decompression on the expression of inflammatory and tissue repair biomarkers in periapical cysts. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2017; 124:561-567. [PMID: 28822696 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.06.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The biologic effects of surgical decompression on the epithelium and connective tissues of periapical cysts are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of tissue repair and inflammatory biomarkers in periapical cysts before and after surgical decompression. STUDY DESIGN Nine specimens of periapical cysts treated with decompression before undergoing complete enucleation were immunohistochemically analyzed to investigate the expression of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, Ki-67, and epidermal growth factor receptor. Expression of the biomarkers was classified as positive, focal, or negative. Ki-67 immunoexpression was calculated as a cell proliferation index. The expression of the biomarkers was compared in the specimens from decompression and from the final surgical procedure. RESULTS Computed tomography demonstrated that volume was reduced in all cysts after decompression. There were no differences in the immunoexpression of the proinflammatory and tissue repair biomarkers when comparing the specimens obtained before and after the decompression. CONCLUSIONS Surgical decompression was efficient in reducing the volume of periapical cysts before complete enucleation. When comparing the specimens obtained from surgical decompression and from complete surgical removal, the immunohistochemical analysis did not show a decrease in proinflammatory biomarkers; neither did it show an increase in tissue repair biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luciana Armada
- Post-graduation Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Ramôa Pires
- Post-graduation Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Macrophage polarization differs between apical granulomas, radicular cysts, and dentigerous cysts. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:385-394. [PMID: 28501945 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Apical periodontitis can appear clinically as apical granulomas or radicular cysts. There is evidence that immunologic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of both pathologies. In contrast to radicular cysts, the dentigerous cysts have a developmental origin. Macrophage polarization (M1 vs M2) is a main regulator of tissue homeostasis and differentiation. There are no studies comparing macrophage polarization in apical granulomas, radicular cysts, and dentigerous cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-one apical granulomas, 23 radicular cysts, and 23 dentigerous cysts were analyzed in this study. A tissue microarray (TMA) of the 87 consecutive specimens was created, and CD68-, CD11c-, CD163-, and MRC1-positive macrophages were detected by immunohistochemical methods. TMAs were digitized, and the expression of macrophage markers was quantitatively assessed. RESULTS Radicular cysts are characterized by M1 polarization of macrophages while apical granulomas show a significantly higher degree of M2 polarization. Dentigerous cysts have a significantly lower M1 polarization than both analyzed periapical lesions (apical granulomas and radicular cysts) and accordingly, a significantly higher M2 polarization than radicular cysts. Macrophage cell density in dentigerous cysts is significantly lower than in the periapical lesions. CONCLUSIONS The development of apical periodontitis towards apical granulomas or radicular cysts might be directed by macrophage polarization. Radicular cyst formation is associated with an increased M1 polarization of infiltrating macrophages. In contrast to radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts are characterized by a low macrophage infiltration and a high degree of M2 polarization, possibly reflecting their developmental rather than inflammatory origin. CLINICAL RELEVANCE As M1 polarization of macrophages is triggered by bacterial antigens, these results underline the need for sufficient bacterial clearance during endodontic treatment to prevent a possible M1 macrophage-derived stimulus for radicular cyst formation.
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Martins R, Armada L, Dos Santos TC, Pires FR. Comparative immunoexpression of ICAM-1, TGF-β1 and ki-67 in periapical and residual cysts. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2017; 22:e24-e30. [PMID: 27918735 PMCID: PMC5217493 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study compared the immunohistochemical expression of ki-67, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in inflammatory periapical cysts and residual cysts. Material and Methods The study sample was composed by 25 periapical cysts and 25 residual cysts and immunohistochemical reactions were carried out using antibodies directed against ICAM-1, TGF-β1 and ki-67. Clinical, radiological, gross, histological and immunohistochemical data were tabulated for descriptive and comparative analysis using the SPSS software and differences were considered statistically significant when p<0.05%. Results There were no differences between the expression of ICAM-1 (p=0.239) and TGF-β1 (p=0.258) when comparing both groups. Ki-67 labeling index was higher in residual cysts compared to periapical cysts (p=0.017). Conclusions Results from the present study suggest that some specific inflammatory stimuli on residual cysts would modulate their mechanisms of etiopathogenesis, growing and repair. Key words:Periapical cyst, radicular cyst, residual cyst, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), ki-67.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Martins
- Post Graduation Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Av. Alfredo Baltazar da Silveira, 580 cobertura, CEP 22790-701, Recreio dos Bandeirantes, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil,
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De Rossi A, Fukada SY, De Rossi M, da Silva RAB, Queiroz AM, Nelson-Filho P, da Silva LAB. Cementocytes Express Receptor Activator of the Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand in Response to Endodontic Infection in Mice. J Endod 2016; 42:1251-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sun J, Nemoto E, Hong G, Sasaki K. Modulation of stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF-1α) and its receptor CXCR4 in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontal inflammation. BMC Oral Health 2016; 17:26. [PMID: 27449062 PMCID: PMC4957851 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The production of chemokines by tissue resident cells during inflammation is considered one of the main mechanisms involved in the formation of inflammatory infiltrates. Fibroblasts are the main resident cell type in gingival and periodontal ligament tissues, and their ability to produce chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF-1α) and its receptor CXCR4 under stimulation by gram negative bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, commonly found in periodontal infections was investigated. Methods Western blots were used to assess SDF-1α and CXCR4 protein expression levels in human gingival fibroblast cells (HGF-1) induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from P. gingivalis in the presence or absence of LY294002, a highly selective inhibitor of PI-3K/Akt. RT-PCR and quantitative Real-time PCR was performed using gingival mRNAs from periodontitis patients. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the expression and subcellular localization of SDF-1α and CXCR4, together with NF-kβ phosphorylation, in specimens from patients with periodontitis and in an experimental rat periodontitis model. Results We found that P. gingivalis LPS up-regulated SDF-1α and CXCR4 protein levels and elevated phosphorylation of the SDF-1α-responsive NF-kβ and Akt at 24 h in HGF-1 cells. SDF-1α and CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression levels were high in all patients with periodontitis. In the P. gingivalis-induced rat experimental periodontitis model, SDF-1α and CXCR4 immunoreactivity was higher in gingival and periodontal ligament tissues compared to the control. Conclusion Our data showed that PI-3K/Akt is an upstream participant in the P. gingivalis LPS-mediated induction of SDF-1α. Taken together, these results suggest that the chemokine SDF-1α and its receptor CXCR4 contribute to P. gingivalis-induced periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Sun
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosa Disease, Dalian Stomatological Hospital, 935 Changjiang Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116021, China. .,Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Eiji Nemoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Guang Hong
- Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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Estrela C, Decurcio DDA, Silva JA, Batista AC, de Souza Lima NC, de Freitas Silva BS, de Souza JAC, Souza Costa CA. Immune-Inflammatory Cell Profile and Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand/Osteoprotegerin Expression in Persistent Apical Periodontitis after Root Canal Retreatment Failure. J Endod 2016; 42:439-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Francisconi CF, Vieira AE, Biguetti CC, Glowacki AJ, Trombone APF, Letra A, Menezes Silva R, Sfeir CS, Little SR, Garlet GP. Characterization of the Protective Role of Regulatory T Cells in Experimental Periapical Lesion Development and Their Chemoattraction Manipulation as a Therapeutic Tool. J Endod 2016; 42:120-6. [PMID: 26589811 PMCID: PMC4690748 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pathogenesis of periapical lesions is determined by the balance between host proinflammatory immune response and counteracting anti-inflammatory and reparative responses, which include regulatory T cells (Tregs) as potential immunoregulatory agents. In this study, we investigated (in a cause-and-effect manner) the involvement of CCL22-CCR4 axis in Treg migration to the periapical area and the role of Tregs in the determination of outcomes in periapical lesions. METHODS Periapical lesions were induced in C57Bl/6 (wild-type) and CCR4KO mice (pulp exposure and bacterial inoculation) and treated with anti-glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family regulated gene to inhibit Treg function or alternatively with CCL22-releasing, polylactic-glycolic acid particles to induce site-specific migration of Tregs. After treatment, lesions were analyzed for Treg influx and phenotype, overall periapical bone loss, and inflammatory/immunologic and wound healing marker expression (analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction array). RESULTS Treg inhibition by anti-glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family regulated gene or CCR4 depletion results in a significant increase in periapical lesion severity, associated with upregulation of proinflammatory, T-helper 1, T-helper 17, and tissue destruction markers in parallel with decreased Treg and healing marker expression. The local release of CCL22 in the root canal system resulted in the promotion of Treg migration in a CCR4-dependent manner, leading to the arrest of periapical lesion progression, associated with downregulation of proinflammatory, T-helper 1, T-helper 17, and tissue destruction markers in parallel with increased Treg and healing marker expression. CONCLUSIONS Because the natural and CCL22-induced Treg migration switches active lesion into inactivity phenotype, Treg chemoattractant may be a promising strategy for the clinical management of periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Favaro Francisconi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreia Espindola Vieira
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Cristina Biguetti
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew J Glowacki
- Departments of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Ariadne Letra
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Renato Menezes Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Charles S Sfeir
- Department of Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven R Little
- Departments of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Marković M, Tomić S, Djokić J, Čolić M. Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Periapical Lesions Upregulate the Production of Immunoregulatory Cytokines by Inflammatory Cells in Culture / Mezenhimske matične ćelije iz periapeksnih lezija stimulišu produkciju imunoregulacijskih citokina od strane inflamacijskih ćelija u kulturi. ACTA FACULTATIS MEDICAE NAISSENSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/afmnai-2015-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The pathophysiology of periapical lesions (PLs) is under control of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory (mainly immunoregulatory) cytokines. We have recently established mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from PLs and showed their suppressive effects on the production of proinflammatory cytokines from PLs inflammatory cells (ICs). In this work we studied the production of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-27 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, by PL-ICs in direct or indirect contacts with PL-MSCs. PL-ICs, which were isolated from four different asymptomatic PLs, predominantly composed of lymphocytes, followed by neutrophil granulocytes, macrophages and plasma cells. PLMSCs, expressing typical MSC markers, were co-cultivated with PL-ICs at 1:10 ratio, either in direct contact or in a transwell-system, for 24 hours. The levels of cytokines in cell-culture supernatants were tested by ELISA. The results showed that PL-MSCs up-regulated the production of all three immunoregulatory cytokines by PL-ICs. PL-MSCs stimulated the production of IL-10 and IL-27 via soluble factors, whereas the up-regulation of TGF-β required direct cell-to-cell contacts. In conclusion, our results showed for the first time the involvement of PL-MSCs in restriction of inflammation in PLs by up-regulation of immunoregulatory cytokines.
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Inflammatory Mediators of Leprosy Reactional Episodes and Dental Infections: A Systematic Review. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:548540. [PMID: 26339136 PMCID: PMC4539113 DOI: 10.1155/2015/548540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactional episodes in leprosy are a result of complex interactions between the immune system, Mycobacterium leprae, and predisposing factors, including dental infections. To determine the main inflammatory mediators in the immunopathological process of dental infections and leprosy reactions, we conducted a systematic review of primary literature published between 1996 and 2013. A three-stage literature search was performed (Stage I, "leprosy reactions" and "inflammatory mediators"; Stage II, "dental infections" and "inflammatory mediators"; and Stage III, "leprosy reactions," "dental infections," and "inflammatory mediators"). Of the 911 eligible publications, 10 were selected in Stage I, 68 in Stage II, and 1 in Stage III. Of the 27 studied inflammatory mediators, the main proinflammatory mediators were IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-17; the main anti-inflammatory mediators were IL-10 and IL-4. Serum IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were significant during periodontal and reactional lesion evolution; IFN-γ and IL-1β were associated with types 1 and 2 reactions and chronic periodontal disease. The proinflammatory mediators in dental infections and leprosy reactions, especially IL-6 and TNF-α, were similar across studies, regardless of the laboratory technique and sample type. IFN-γ and IL-1β were significant for leprosy reactions and periodontal diseases. This pattern was maintained in serum.
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Bambirra W, Maciel KF, Thebit MM, de Brito LCN, Vieira LQ, Sobrinho APR. Assessment of Apical Expression of Alpha-2 Integrin, Heat Shock Protein, and Proinflammatory and Immunoregulatory Cytokines in Response to Endodontic Infection. J Endod 2015; 41:1085-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Mourão RVC, Júnior ECP, Barros Silva PG, Turatti E, Mota MRL, Alves APNN. Study of the relationship between mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate and Ki-67 and basement membrane and extracellular matrix protein expression in radicular cysts. Int Endod J 2015; 49:447-53. [PMID: 26011468 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the relationship between mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate and the expression of a proliferative immunomarker (Ki-67) as well as to evaluate basement membrane and extracellular matrix proteins (laminin and collagen type IV) in radicular cysts and dentigerous cysts (DC). METHODOLOGY Immunohistochemical analyses were performed in heavily inflamed radicular cysts (HIRC), slightly inflamed radicular cysts (SIRC) and DC (n = 20) using Ki-67 (Dako(®) , 1 : 50), anticollagen type IV (DBS(®) , 1 : 40) and antilaminin (DBS(®) , 1 : 20). The data were analysed using anova/Tukey's test (Ki-67) and Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's test (collagen type IV and laminin) (P < 0.05). RESULTS The immunoexpression of Ki-67 was significantly greater in the SIRC group compared with the HIRC and DC (P = 0.0040). Likewise, the immunoexpression of collagen type IV in the basement membrane of the SIRC group was significantly more continuous (P = 0.0475) than in the HIRC group. DC had significantly less collagen type IV in extracellular matrix immunoexpression than HIRC and SIRC (P = 0.0246). Laminin was absent in the basement membrane in the SIRC and DC groups, and the extracellular matrix of the HIRC was weak and punctate. CONCLUSION The presence of inflammatory factors in the radicular cyst wall modified the expression of proliferation factors in the epithelial lining and the expression of collagen type IV and laminin in the basement membrane, but did not modify extracellular matrix behaviour in radicular cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V C Mourão
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - E C Pinheiro Júnior
- Division of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Fortaleza University, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - P G Barros Silva
- Division of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - E Turatti
- Division of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Fortaleza University, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - M R L Mota
- Division of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - A P N N Alves
- Division of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Poswar FDO, Farias LC, Fraga CADC, Bambirra W, Brito-Júnior M, Sousa-Neto MD, Santos SHS, de Paula AMB, D'Angelo MFSV, Guimarães ALS. Bioinformatics, interaction network analysis, and neural networks to characterize gene expression of radicular cyst and periapical granuloma. J Endod 2015; 41:877-83. [PMID: 25873079 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bioinformatics has emerged as an important tool to analyze the large amount of data generated by research in different diseases. In this study, gene expression for radicular cysts (RCs) and periapical granulomas (PGs) was characterized based on a leader gene approach. METHODS A validated bioinformatics algorithm was applied to identify leader genes for RCs and PGs. Genes related to RCs and PGs were first identified in PubMed, GenBank, GeneAtlas, and GeneCards databases. The Web-available STRING software (The European Molecular Biology Laboratory [EMBL], Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany) was used in order to build the interaction map among the identified genes by a significance score named weighted number of links. Based on the weighted number of links, genes were clustered using k-means. The genes in the highest cluster were considered leader genes. Multilayer perceptron neural network analysis was used as a complementary supplement for gene classification. RESULTS For RCs, the suggested leader genes were TP53 and EP300, whereas PGs were associated with IL2RG, CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5 genes. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed different gene expression for RCs and PGs, suggesting that not only the inflammatory nature but also other biological processes might differentiate RCs and PGs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wilson Bambirra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Manoel Brito-Júnior
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Souza Santos
- Department of Physiopathology, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Computer Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Lima SMDF, Sousa MGDC, Freire MDS, de Almeida JA, Cantuária APDC, Silva TAME, de Freitas CG, Dias SC, Franco OL, Rezende TMB. Immune Response Profile against Persistent Endodontic Pathogens Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis In Vitro. J Endod 2015; 41:1061-5. [PMID: 25845887 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Persistent microorganisms such as Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis might be directly related to endodontic treatment failure. The host response to these microorganisms impairs the reestablishment of intraradicular and periradicular health. METHODS The present investigation evaluated the expression of inflammatory mediators produced by RAW 264.7 cells in the presence of heat-killed antigens (HK) C. albicans and E. faecalis. Cultures of RAW cells were stimulated with both antigens in the presence or absence of recombinant interferon (rIFN)-γ. Parameters of cell viability, production of nitric oxide (NO), as well as the synthesis of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were analyzed. RESULTS Results demonstrated that cell viability was especially reduced in antigens and rIFN-γ-stimulated groups. Groups stimulated with HK C. albicans upregulated IL-10 production. Otherwise, the addition of rIFN-γ to HK C. albicans upregulated TNF-α and NO production. Groups stimulated with HK E. faecalis upregulated TNF-α production. HK E. faecalis and rIFN-γ upregulated TNF-α and NO synthesis. The production of other cytokines remained unchanged by all stimuli. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge regarding the host mechanism of response to microorganisms that perpetuate endodontic infection and the periradicular lesions can contribute to optimization of endodontic therapy. The mentioned inflammatory mediators and virulence factors involved in endodontic failure might guide lesion progression and also be targets in the development of disinfectant and immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Maris de Freitas Lima
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Maurício Gonçalves da Costa Sousa
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Mirna de Souza Freire
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação da Rede Centro-Oeste, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Jeeser Alves de Almeida
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Curso de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Castro Cantuária
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Thaís Angélica Machado E Silva
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Camila Guimarães de Freitas
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Simoni Campos Dias
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; S-Inova, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Taia Maria Berto Rezende
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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Martinho FC, Nascimento GG, Leite FR, Gomes AP, Freitas LF, Camões IC. Clinical Influence of Different Intracanal Medications on Th1-type and Th2-type Cytokine Responses in Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2015; 41:169-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Periapical cytokine expression in sickle cell disease. J Endod 2015; 41:358-62. [PMID: 25576201 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is the most prevalent genetic disease worldwide. Patients with SCA exhibit increased levels of proinflammatory mediators as part of a permanently activated immunoinflammatory status. METHODS The aim of this study was to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of the cytokines interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-10), receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand, and the chemokines CCL2/MCP-1 and CCL5 in the periapical interstitial fluid from SCA individuals compared with healthy individuals. Samples were collected from 12 teeth of SCA patients and 12 non-SCA patients with apical periodontitis. In addition, 12 teeth were sampled from the periapical region of healthy patients with vital pulp (control). The expression of cytokine mRNA was detected by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The expression of mRNA for the Th1-associated cytokines IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-1β were significantly higher in SCA individuals than in the control individuals (P < .05). Among Th1-associated cytokines, only IFN-γ was significantly increased in non-SCA compared with control patients (vital pulp). The expression of IL-17A mRNA was significant higher in SCA cases than in control samples (P < .05), whereas the IL-10 mRNA expression was significantly increased in SCA and non-SCA individuals when compared with the control group. Similar levels of receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand, CCL2, and CCL5 mRNA expression were observed in all samples. However, no significant differences were observed in the expression of cytokine or chemokine mRNA between SCA and non-SCA individuals (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The results were able to demonstrate that SCA patients presented prone proinflammatory ability, despite the fact that any differences in periapical immune responses between SCA and non-SCA individuals were not observed.
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de Oliveira KMH, da Silva RAB, De Rossi A, Fukada SY, Feres M, Nelson-Filho P, da Silva LAB. Absence of interleukin 22 affects the oral microbiota and the progression of induced periapical lesions in murine teeth. Int Endod J 2015; 48:46-59. [PMID: 24611911 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the absence of IL-22 on the progression of periapical lesions in wild-type (WT) and IL-22 knockout (IL-22 KO) mice. METHODOLOGY The evaluation of the oral microbial profile of mice was performed by Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization from saliva samples. Periapical lesions were induced in manbibular first molars by pulpal exposure and evaluated after 7, 21 and 42 days (n = 15). Haematoxylin-eosin-stained sections were analysed under conventional and fluorescence microscopy to evaluate the tissue features and size of periapical lesions and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase histoenzymology (TRAP), Brown & Brenn staining and immunohistochemistry. The scores of the number of bacterial cells present in the oral cavity were analysed by the Mann-Whitney test, and the results and comparisons for periapical lesion size and number of osteoclasts were subjected to one-way anova and Bonferroni's post-test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Significant differences were observed for bacterial load between the groups of animals for 6 bacterial species (P < 0.05), with five species found in higher levels in the WT group, and one in the IL-22 KO group. WT mice had significantly larger periapical lesions (P < 0.05) between 7 and 42 days and between 21 and 42 days, with an increase in the mean size and number of osteoclasts. IL-22 KO mice had an increase in periapical lesion size and number of osteoclasts between 7 and 21 days (P < 0.05). No differences were found between bacteria localization in the root canal system between the experimental groups. Small variations related to the location of immunostaining were found between the groups. CONCLUSION This study revealed differences in the composition of oral microbiota between mice that may be taken into account in the susceptibility to infections and development of periapical lesions. The absence of IL-22 in mice resulted in smaller periapical lesions with fewer osteoclasts at the final experimental period, suggesting the participation of IL-22 in the host immune and inflammatory response to a periradicular infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M H de Oliveira
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Araujo-Pires AC, Francisconi CF, Biguetti CC, Cavalla F, Aranha AMF, Letra A, Trombone APF, Faveri M, Silva RM, Garlet GP. Simultaneous analysis of T helper subsets (Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, Tfh, Tr1 and Tregs) markers expression in periapical lesions reveals multiple cytokine clusters accountable for lesions activity and inactivity status. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 22:336-46. [PMID: 25141207 PMCID: PMC4126831 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous studies demonstrate that the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators determines the stable or progressive nature of periapical granulomas by modulating the balance of the osteoclastogenic factor RANKL and its antagonist OPG. However, the cytokine networks operating in the development of periapical lesions are quite more complex than what the simple pro- versus anti-inflammatory mediators' paradigm suggests. Here we simultaneously investigated the patterns of Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, Thf, Tr1 and Tregs cytokines/markers expression in human periapical granulomas. METHODS The expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL23, IL21, IL-33, IL-10, IL-4, IL-9, IL-22, FOXp3 markers (via RealTimePCR array) was accessed in active/progressive (N=40) versus inactive/stable (N=70) periapical granulomas (as determined by RANKL/OPG expression ratio), and also to compare these samples with a panel of control specimens (N=26). A cluster analysis of 13 cytokine levels was performed to examine possible clustering between the cytokines in a total of 110 granulomas. RESULTS The expression of all target cytokines was higher in the granulomas than in control samples. TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-21 mRNA levels were significantly higher in active granulomas, while in inactive lesions the expression levels of IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, IL-22 and FOXp3 were higher than in active granulomas. Five clusters were identified in inactive lesion groups, being the variance in the expression levels of IL-17, IL-10, FOXp3, IFN-γ, IL-9, IL-33 and IL-4 statistically significant (KW p<0.05). Three clusters were identified in active lesions, being the variance in the expression levels of IL-22, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-33, FOXp3, IL-21 and RANKL statistically significant (KW p<0.05). CONCLUSION There is a clear dichotomy in the profile of cytokine expression in inactive and active periapical lesions. While the widespread cytokine expression seems to be a feature of chronic lesions, hierarchical cluster analysis demonstrates the association of TNF-α, IL-21, IL-17 and IFN-γ with lesions activity, and the association of FOXP3, IL-10, IL-9, IL-4 and IL-22 with lesions inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claudia Araujo-Pires
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Cristina Biguetti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Franco Cavalla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreza Maria Fabio Aranha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | | | - Marcelo Faveri
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Menezes Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Lima SMDF, de Pádua GM, Sousa MGDC, Freire MDS, Franco OL, Rezende TMB. Antimicrobial peptide-based treatment for endodontic infections--biotechnological innovation in endodontics. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 33:203-213. [PMID: 25447423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The presence/persistence of microorganisms in the pulp and periapical area corresponds to the maintenance of an exacerbated immune response that leads to the start of periradicular bone resorption and its perpetuation. In endodontic treatment, the available intracanal medications do not have all the desirable properties in the context of endodontic infection and apical periodontitis; they need to include not only strong antimicrobial performance but also an immunomodulatory and reparative activity, without host damage. In addition, there are various levels of resistance to root canal medications. Thus, antimicrobial agents that effectively eliminate resistant species in root canals could potentially improve endodontic treatment. In the emergence of new therapies, an increasing number of studies on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been seen over the past few years. AMPs are defense biomolecules produced in response to infection, and they have a wide spectrum of action against many oral microorganisms. There are some studies that correlate peptides and oral infections, including oral peptides, neuropeptides, and bacterial, fish, bovine and synthetic peptides. So far, there are around 120 published studies correlating endodontic microbiota with AMPs but, according to our knowledge, there are no registered patents in the American patent database. There are a considerable number of AMPs that exhibit excellent antimicrobial activity against endodontic microbiota at a small inhibitory concentration and modulate an exacerbated immune response, down-regulating bone resorption. All these reasons indicate the antimicrobial peptide-based endodontic treatment as an emerging and promising option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Maris de Freitas Lima
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, SGAN 916N, Av. W5, Campus II, Modulo C, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus I, QS 07 Lote 01 room S213 EPCT, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Martins de Pádua
- Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus I, QS 07 Lote 01 room S213 EPCT, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Maurício Gonçalves da Costa Sousa
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, SGAN 916N, Av. W5, Campus II, Modulo C, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus I, QS 07 Lote 01 room S213 EPCT, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Mirna de Souza Freire
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, SGAN 916N, Av. W5, Campus II, Modulo C, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Doutorado da Rede Centro-Oeste, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, SGAN 916N, Av. W5, Campus II, Modulo C, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Doutorado da Rede Centro-Oeste, Brasília, DF, Brazil; S-Inova, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Taia Maria Berto Rezende
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, SGAN 916N, Av. W5, Campus II, Modulo C, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus I, QS 07 Lote 01 room S213 EPCT, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FS), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Active Prohealing and Immunosuppressive Agents in Periapical Environment: Evidence from Human and Experimental Periapical Lesions. J Endod 2014; 40:1560-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Immunoexpression of Interleukin 17 in Apical Periodontitis Lesions. J Endod 2014; 40:1400-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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de Moraes M, da Rocha Neto PC, de Matos FR, Lopes MLDDS, de Azevedo PRM, Costa ADLL. Immunoexpression of transforming growth factor beta and interferon gamma in radicular and dentigerous cysts. J Endod 2014; 40:1293-7. [PMID: 25043252 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the immunohistochemical expression of transforming growing factor beta (TGF-β) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) between radicular cysts (RCs) and dentigerous cysts (DCs). METHODS Twenty RCs and DCs were selected for analysis of the immunoexpression of TGF-β and IFN-γ in the epithelium and capsule. RESULTS The cell reactivity of TGF-β and IFN-γ in the lining epithelium and capsule of RCs showed no significant differences when compared with DCs (P > .05). There was a tendency of a higher expression of TGF-β in the capsule of DCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed the presence of TGF-β and IFN-γ in RCs and DCs, supporting the hypothesis that both participate in the development of these lesions, where IFN-γ usually plays a role in bone resorption, which is counterbalanced by the osteoprotective activity performed by TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara de Moraes
- Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Pedro Carlos da Rocha Neto
- Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rodrigues de Matos
- Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antonio de Lisboa Lopes Costa
- Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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López-López J, Castellanos-Cosano L, Estrugo-Devesa A, Gómez-Vaquero C, Velasco-Ortega E, Segura-Egea JJ. Radiolucent periapical lesions and bone mineral density in post-menopausal women. Gerodontology 2013; 32:195-201. [PMID: 24164489 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between radiolucent periapical lesions and bone mineral density in post-menopausal women. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-five post-menopausal women were recruited for the study. Bone mineral density was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Three groups were established: healthy bone group, osteopenic group and osteoporotic group. Periapical radiolucencies were diagnosed on the basis of examination of digital panoramic radiographs. Statistical analysis was carried out using anova and chi-squared tests, and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS In both the osteopenic and osteoporotic groups, 25% of women showed at least one periapical radiolucency, whereas this was only 7.4% in the healthy bone group (odds ratio = 4.2; p = 0.061). After multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for covariates (age, number of teeth, number of root-filled teeth and number of teeth with coronal restorations), a marginally significant association was evident between bone mineral density and the presence of periapical radiolucencies (odds ratio = 1.9; CI 95% = 1.0-3.8; p = 0.050). CONCLUSIONS After adjusting for covariates, low bone mineral density is marginally associated with a higher frequency of radiolucent periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José López-López
- Department of Odontostomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Albert Estrugo-Devesa
- Department of Odontostomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan José Segura-Egea
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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