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Ordinola-Zapata R, Costalonga M, Dietz M, Lima BP, Staley C. The root canal microbiome diversity and function. A whole-metagenome shotgun analysis. Int Endod J 2024; 57:872-884. [PMID: 36861850 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the root canal microbiome composition and bacterial functional capability in cases of primary and secondary apical periodontitis utilizing whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing. METHODOLOGY Twenty-two samples from patients with primary root canal infections, and 18 samples obtained from previously treated teeth currently diagnosed with apical periodontitis were analysed with whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing at a depth of 20 M reads. Taxonomic and functional gene annotations were made using MetaPhlAn3 and HUMAnN3 software. The Shannon and Chao1 indices were utilized to measure alpha diversity. Differences in community composition were evaluated utilizing analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) using Bray-Curtis dissimilarities. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare differences in taxa and functional genes. RESULTS Microbial community variations within a community were significantly lower in secondary relative to primary infections (alpha diversity p = .001). Community composition was significantly different in primary versus secondary infection (R = .11, p = .005). The predominant taxa observed among samples (>2.5%) were Pseudopropionibacterium propionicum, Prevotella oris, Eubacterium infirmum, Tannerella forsythia, Atopobium rimae, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Bacteroidetes bacterium oral taxon 272, Parvimonas micra, Olsenella profusa, Streptococcus anginosus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eubacterium brachy and Solobacterium moorei. The Wilcoxon rank test revealed no significant differences in relative abundances of functional genes in both groups. Genes with greater relative abundances (top 25) were associated with genetic, signalling and cellular processes including the iron and peptide/nickel transport system. Numerous genes encoding toxins were identified: exfoliative toxin, haemolysins, thiol-activated cytolysin, phospholipase C, cAMP factor, sialidase, and hyaluronic glucosaminidase. CONCLUSIONS Despite taxonomic differences between primary and secondary apical periodontitis, the functional capability of the microbiomes was similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Ordinola-Zapata
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Massimo Costalonga
- Division of Basic Sciences, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew Dietz
- Division of Basic & Translational Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bruno P Lima
- Division of Basic Sciences, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christopher Staley
- Division of Basic & Translational Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Jakkrawanpithak P, Powattanasuk W, Sooppapipatt N, Pudla M, Srimaneekarn N, Buranachad N, Yuma S, Supa-Amornkul S. Efficacy of antiseptics for rubber dam sterilization prior to endodontic treatment. J Oral Sci 2024; 66:5-8. [PMID: 37853618 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.23-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the efficacy of various antiseptics for disinfection of rubber dams used during endodontic treatment, the duration of disinfection effectiveness, and the disinfection protocol employed by dental schools in Thailand. METHODS The efficacy of 10% povidone-iodine, 1.5% tincture iodine and 70% ethyl alcohol in eliminating Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) on the rubber dam was investigated. Time duration of disinfection was evaluated at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min. The two-step disinfection method adopted at Thai dental school was examined. Independent t-test or Kruskal-Wallis followed by a Dunnett's test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Among the three antiseptics, 10% povidone and 1.5% tincture iodine eradicated the microorganisms completely, whereas 70% ethyl alcohol did not achieve a statistically significant decrease. The duration of sterilization effectiveness was 120 min for 10% povidone-iodine, but bacteria were eliminated only at 0 min by 1.5% tincture iodine. The results also indicated that the two-step protocol scarcely eliminated the microorganisms. CONCLUSION The best antiseptic for rubber dam disinfection is 10% povidone-iodine, which remains effective for 120 min. The two-step protocol typically practiced in Thai dental schools needs to be updated. The use of 10% povidone-iodine alone is adequate for complete eradication of E. faecalis and C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wifada Powattanasuk
- Mahidol International Dental School, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University
| | | | - Matsayapan Pudla
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University
| | | | - Naiyana Buranachad
- Department of Advance General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University
| | - Suraphong Yuma
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University
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Ghaffarpour M, Karami‐Zarandi M, Rahdar HA, Feyisa SG, Taki E. Periodontal disease in down syndrome: Predisposing factors and potential non-surgical therapeutic approaches. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e25002. [PMID: 38254289 PMCID: PMC10829694 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal diseases (PDs) have been documented to be significantly more prevalent and severe in patients with Down syndrome (DS). Different immunological and microbiological factors contributed to predisposing these patients to progressive and recurrent PDs. AIM The aim of this review was to investigate the altered immunological responses and oral microbiota disorders as well as focus on adjunctive non-surgical methods for the treatment of PDs and its applicability in patients with DS. MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature review was conducted addressing the following topics: (1) the altered immunological responses, (2) orofacial disorders related to DS patients, (3) oral microbiota changing, and (4) adjunctive non-surgical treatment and its efficacy in patients with DS. RESULTS Due to the early onset of PDs in children with DS, the need for prompt and effective treatment in these patients is essential. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION So, investigating underlying factors may open a new window to better understand the pathology of PDs in DS people and thus, find better strategies for treatment in such group. Although non-surgical treatments such as photodynamic therapy and probiotic consumption represented acceptable outcomes in different examined patients without DS, data about the application of these convenience and no need for local anesthesia methods in patients with DS is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdie Ghaffarpour
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of DentistryTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Morteza Karami‐Zarandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
| | - Hossein Ali Rahdar
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineIranshahr University of Medical SciencesIranshahrIran
| | - Seifu Gizaw Feyisa
- Department of Medical LaboratorySalale University College of Health SciencesFicheEthiopia
| | - Elahe Taki
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
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Domingues N, Ramos LDP, Pereira LM, do Rosário Estevam Dos Santos PB, Scorzoni L, Pereira TC, Abu Hasna A, Carvalho CAT, de Oliveira LD. Antimicrobial action of four herbal plants over mixed-species biofilms of Candida albicans with four different microorganisms. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:262-271. [PMID: 36057926 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of four herbal plants glycolic extracts over mixed-species biofilm composed of Candida albicans (C. albicans) and another pathogenic bacterium as alternative therapy to be investigated. Four plants extract of Pfaffia paniculata roots; Hamamelis virginiana leaf, Stryphnodendron barbatiman tree bark and Gymnema sylvestre stem and leaves were tested over multi-species biofilm of C. albicans (ATCC 18804) and Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 35688), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 4083) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442) for 5 min and 24 h and colony forming units per millilitre was calculated. The data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's test (p ≤ 0.05). All tested extracts showed antimicrobial action over the mixed-species biofilms after 24 h. Some extracts eliminated totally the biofilms. The glycolic extract of P. paniculata, H. virginiana, S. barbatiman and G. sylvestre are effective over mixed-species biofilms and may be indicated as endodontic irrigant or intracanal medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Domingues
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Paula Ramos
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Larissa Marques Pereira
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Beatriz do Rosário Estevam Dos Santos
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
- Universidade Paulista (UNIP), Health Sciences Institute, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Thaís Cristine Pereira
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Amjad Abu Hasna
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Antonio Talge Carvalho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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Leng S, Xu W, Wu L, Liu L, Du J, Yang F, Huang D, Zhang L. NLRP3 Disturbs Treg/Th17 Cell Balance to Aggravate Apical Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2023; 102:656-666. [PMID: 36883625 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231151692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory condition that is considered an immunological reaction of the periapical tissue to invading bacteria and their pathogenic components. Recent research has revealed that NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is crucial to the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis and serves as a link between innate and adaptive immunity. The balance between regulatory T-cell (Treg) and T helper cell 17 (Th17 cell) determines the direction of the inflammatory response. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether NLRP3 exacerbated periapical inflammation by disturbing Treg/Th17 balance and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. In the present study, NLRP3 was raised in apical periodontitis tissues as opposed to healthy pulp tissues. Low NLRP3 expression in dendritic cells (DCs) increased transforming growth factor β secretion while decreasing interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 production. The Treg ratio and IL-10 secretion rose when CD4+ T cells were cocultured with DCs primed with IL-1β neutralizing antibody (anti-IL-1β) and specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting NLRP3 (siRNA NLRP3), but the proportion of Th17 cells and IL-17 release dropped. Furthermore, siRNA NLRP3-mediated suppression of NLRP3 expression aided Treg differentiation and elevated Foxp3 expression as well as IL-10 production in CD4+ T cells. Inhibition of NLRP3 activity by MCC950 boosted the percentage of Tregs while decreasing the ratio of Th17 cells, leading to reduced periapical inflammation and bone resorption. Nigericin administration, however, exacerbated periapical inflammation and bone destruction with an unbalanced Treg/Th17 response. These findings demonstrate that NLRP3 is a pivotal regulator by regulating the release of inflammatory cytokines from DCs or directly suppressing Foxp3 expression to disturb Treg/Th17 balance, thus exacerbating apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Leng
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Xu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - L Wu
- Department of Geriatric Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J Du
- Department of Health Care (Department of General Dentistry II), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - F Yang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - D Huang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Wang Y, Deng J, Zhang T, Hua Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Jiao T, Li C, Zhang X. A Study on the Use of Phase Transition Lysozyme-Loaded Minocycline Hydrochloride in the Local Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3146-3157. [PMID: 35713307 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is the most important oral disease causing human tooth loss. Although supragingival and subgingival scaling is the main strategy of periodontitis clinical treatments, drug treatment has an indispensable auxiliary role to some degree. Periodontitis medical treatment is divided into systemically administered treatments and local periodontally administered treatments. Compared with systemic administration, local administration can increase local drug concentrations, reduce dosages, and prolong action times while also improving patient compliance and avoiding possible adverse effects due to systemic administration responses. However, some studies show that minocycline ointment, a clinical local drug commonly used in periodontal pockets, has an unstable release rate; 80% of the drug is usually released within 2-3 days after pocket placement. This release is not conducive to controlling periodontal infection and may hinder the periodontal tissue repair and regeneration. Therefore, choosing a suitable carrier for minocycline hydrochloride is necessary to control its local release in periodontal tissue. Phase transition lysozyme (PTL) has been widely used in many studies and the development of macromolecular carrier material, and we selected PTL as the carrier for minocycline hydrochloride drugs because of its good biocompatibility, good drug-carrying capacity, and stable release. Due to its release characteristics and simple preparation, PTL is a promising carrier material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jingjing Deng
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ye Hua
- Department of Stomatology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Tiejun Jiao
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Changyi Li
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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Combined Transcriptomic and Protein Array Cytokine Profiling of Human Stem Cells from Dental Apical Papilla Modulated by Oral Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095098. [PMID: 35563488 PMCID: PMC9103834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) are a promising resource for use in regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) that may be adversely affected by oral bacteria, which in turn can exert an effect on the success of RET. Our work aims to study the cytokine profile of SCAP upon exposure to oral bacteria and their supernatants—Fusobacterium nucleatum and Enterococcus faecalis—as well as to establish their effect on the osteogenic and immunogenic potentials of SCAP. Further, we target the presence of key proteins of the Wnt/β-Catenin, TGF-β, and NF-κB signaling pathways, which play a crucial role in adult osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, using the Western blot (WB) technique. The membrane-based sandwich immunoassay and transcriptomic analysis showed that, under the influence of F. nucleatum (both bacteria and supernatant), the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 occurred, which was also confirmed at the mRNA level. Conversely, E. faecalis reduced the secretion of the aforementioned cytokines at both mRNA and protein levels. WB analysis showed that SCAP co-cultivation with E. faecalis led to a decrease in the level of the key proteins of the Wnt/β-Catenin and NF-κB signaling pathways: β-Catenin (p = 0.0068 *), LRP-5 (p = 0.0059 **), and LRP-6 (p = 0.0329 *), as well as NF-kB (p = 0.0034 **) and TRAF6 (p = 0.0285 *). These results suggest that oral bacteria can up- and downregulate the immune and inflammatory responses of SCAP, as well as influence the osteogenic potential of SCAP, which may negatively regulate the success of RET.
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8
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Prasoodanan P K V, Sharma AK, Mahajan S, Dhakan DB, Maji A, Scaria J, Sharma VK. Western and non-western gut microbiomes reveal new roles of Prevotella in carbohydrate metabolism and mouth-gut axis. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:77. [PMID: 34620880 PMCID: PMC8497558 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The abundance and diversity of host-associated Prevotella species have a profound impact on human health. To investigate the composition, diversity, and functional roles of Prevotella in the human gut, a population-wide analysis was carried out on 586 healthy samples from western and non-western populations including the largest Indian cohort comprising of 200 samples, and 189 Inflammatory Bowel Disease samples from western populations. A higher abundance and diversity of Prevotella copri species enriched in complex plant polysaccharides metabolizing enzymes, particularly pullulanase containing polysaccharide-utilization-loci (PUL), were found in Indian and non-western populations. A higher diversity of oral inflammations-associated Prevotella species and an enrichment of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in the gut microbiome of western populations speculates an existence of a mouth-gut axis. The study revealed the landscape of Prevotella composition in the human gut microbiome and its impact on health in western and non-western populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Prasoodanan P K
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Ashok K Sharma
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
- Department of Animal Science, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Shruti Mahajan
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Darshan B Dhakan
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
- Behaviour and Metabolism Laboratory, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, 1400-038, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Abhijit Maji
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
- Animal Disease Research & Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Joy Scaria
- Animal Disease Research & Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Vineet K Sharma
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India.
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Zhang C, Yang Z, Hou B. Diverse bacterial profile in extraradicular biofilms and periradicular lesions associated with persistent apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1425-1433. [PMID: 33711170 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterize the bacterial community present in the extraradicular biofilm and periradicular lesions associated with persistent apical periodontitis. METHODOLOGY Eighteen adult patients who presented with persistent periradicular lesions after root canal treatment and scheduled for endodontic surgery were selected. During surgery, extraradicular samples of biofilms and periradicular lesions were collected. Ten pairs of periradicular lesions and extraradicular biofilm samples were randomly selected for ribosomal 16S rRNA cloning and sequencing. A Wilcoxon's rank-sum test was used to compare total bacterial counts and the levels of individual genera and species between the two groups (P < 0.05). RESULTS Overall, seventy-three phylotypes belonging to six different phyla were identified from 1000 sequenced clones. Mogibacterium timidum, Streptococcus intermedius and Enterococcus faecalis predominated in both extraradicular biofilm and periapical lesions. Propionibacterium propionicus, Abiotrophia adiacens, Peptostreptococcus prevotii, Campylobacter gracilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found in significantly higher levels in the extraradicular biofilm than periapical lesions, whilst Parvimonas micra and Atopobium rimae were more abundant in periapical lesions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The microbial profile of extraradicular biofilms differed from periapical lesions, indicating the presence of diverse bacterial populations in these regions. Several genera and species were significantly associated with the formation of extraradicular biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Z Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - B Hou
- Department of Endodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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10
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Determination of the Role of Fusobacterium Nucleatum in the Pathogenesis in and Out the Mouth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 41:87-99. [PMID: 32573481 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2020-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the most important types of microorganisms in the oral cavity in both healthy and non-healthy individuals is Fusobacterium nucleatum. Although present as a normal resident in the oral cavity, this Gram-negative pathogen is dominant in periodontal disease and it is involved in many invasive infections in the population, acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, as well as many adverse events with a fatal outcome. AIM To determine the role of F. nucleatum in the development of polymicrobial biofilms thus pathogenic changes in and out of the oral media. MATERIAL AND METHOD A systematic review of the literature concerning the determination and role of F. nucleatum through available clinical trials, literature reviews, original research and articles published electronically at Pub Med and Google Scholar. CONCLUSION The presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum is commonly associated with the health status of individuals. These anaerobic bacteria plays a key role in oral pathological conditions and has been detected in many systemic disorders causing complex pathogenethic changes probably due to binding ability to various cells thus several virulence mechanisms. Most common diseases and conditions in the oral cavity associated with F.nucleatum are gingivitis (G), chronic periodontitis (CH), aggressive periodontitis (AgP), endo-periodental infections (E-P), chronic apical periodontitis (PCHA). The bacterium has been identified and detected in many systemic disorders such as coronary heart disease (CVD) pathological pregnancy (P); polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), high-risk pregnancy (HRP), colorectal cancer (CRC); pre-eclampsia (PE); rheumatoid arthritis (RA); osteoarthritis (OA).
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11
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Fukuda S, Ito S, Nishikawa J, Takagi T, Kubota N, Otsuyama KI, Tsuneoka H, Nojima J, Harada K, Mishima K, Suehiro Y, Yamasaki T, Sakaida I. Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diode Light Therapy for Fusobacterium nucleatum. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020430. [PMID: 33669771 PMCID: PMC7922187 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fusobacterium nucleatum, which is associated with periodontitis and gingivitis, has been detected in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: We evaluated the bactericidal effect of deep ultraviolet (DUV) light-emitting diode (LED) light therapy on F. nucleatum both qualitatively and quantitatively. Two DUV-LEDs with peak wavelengths of 265 and 280-nm were used. DNA damage to F. nucleatum was evaluated by the production of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and pyrimidine (6–4) pyrimidone photoproducts (6–4PP). Results: DUV-LEDs showed a bactericidal effect on F. nucleatum. No colony growth was observed after 3 min of either 265 nm or 280 nm DUV-LED irradiation. The survival rates of F. nucleatum under 265 nm DUV-LED light irradiation dropped to 0.0014% for 10 s and to 0% for 20 s irradiation. Similarly, the survival rate of F. nucleatum under 280 nm DUV-LED light irradiation dropped to 0.00044% for 10 s and 0% for 20 s irradiation. The irradiance at the distance of 35 mm from the DUV-LED was 0.265 mW/cm2 for the 265 nm LED and 0.415 mW/cm2 for the 280 nm LED. Thus, the radiant energy for lethality was 5.3 mJ/cm2 for the 265 nm LED and 8.3 mJ/cm2 for the 280 nm LED. Amounts of CPD and 6–4PP in F. nucleatum irradiated with 265 nm DUV-LED light were 6.548 ng/µg and 1.333 ng/µg, respectively. Conclusions: DUV-LED light exerted a bactericidal effect on F. nucleatum by causing the formation of pyrimidine dimers indicative of DNA damage. Thus, DUV-LED light therapy may have the potential to prevent CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Fukuda
- Department of Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 7558505, Japan; (S.F.); (T.T.); (N.K.); (K.-i.O.); (H.T.); (J.N.)
| | - Shunsuke Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 7558505, Japan; (S.I.); (I.S.)
| | - Jun Nishikawa
- Department of Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 7558505, Japan; (S.F.); (T.T.); (N.K.); (K.-i.O.); (H.T.); (J.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-836-22-2835
| | - Tatsuya Takagi
- Department of Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 7558505, Japan; (S.F.); (T.T.); (N.K.); (K.-i.O.); (H.T.); (J.N.)
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Department of Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 7558505, Japan; (S.F.); (T.T.); (N.K.); (K.-i.O.); (H.T.); (J.N.)
| | - Ken-ichiro Otsuyama
- Department of Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 7558505, Japan; (S.F.); (T.T.); (N.K.); (K.-i.O.); (H.T.); (J.N.)
| | - Hidehiro Tsuneoka
- Department of Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 7558505, Japan; (S.F.); (T.T.); (N.K.); (K.-i.O.); (H.T.); (J.N.)
| | - Junzo Nojima
- Department of Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 7558505, Japan; (S.F.); (T.T.); (N.K.); (K.-i.O.); (H.T.); (J.N.)
| | - Koji Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 7558505, Japan; (K.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Katsuaki Mishima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 7558505, Japan; (K.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Yutaka Suehiro
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 7558505, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Takahiro Yamasaki
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 7558505, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 7558505, Japan; (S.I.); (I.S.)
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12
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Barbosa VM, Pitondo-Silva A, Oliveira-Silva M, Martorano AS, Rizzi-Maia CDC, Silva-Sousa YTC, Castro-Raucci LMSD, Raucci Neto W. Antibacterial Activity of a New Ready-To-Use Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer. Braz Dent J 2020; 31:611-616. [PMID: 33237232 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202003870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial potential of a calcium silicate-based sealer (Bio-C Sealer, Angelus) against common bacteria in primary and secondary endodontic infections. Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans were exposed to fresh Bio-C Sealer for 24 h by the agar diffusion method (n=5). Additionally, the antibacterial activity was investigated against E. faecalis and S. mutans biofilms (48 h old) grown in discs with 4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height. (n=3) of set discs of Bio-C Sealer (Angelus), EndoFill (Dentsply-Mallefer), Sealer 26 (Dentsply), AH Plus (Dentsply), Sealapex (Sybron-Endo) and EndoSequence BC Sealer (Brasseler). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by colony forming unity (CFU) counting using ImageJ software. Data were compared by one-way ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak test (a=5%). Fresh Bio-C Sealer exhibited antimicrobial activity against all bacteria evaluated by agar diffusion method, except for S. mutans. Set discs of all endodontic sealers tested showed similar CFU values for E. faecalis (p>0.05). S. mutans in biofilms showed higher susceptibility to EndoFill compared with the other sealers (p<0.05). In conclusion, the results indicate that fresh Bio-C Sealer does not inhibit S. mutans growth, but exhibits antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli. After setting, the Bio-C Sealer exhibits an antimicrobial potential comparable to that of the other sealers evaluated in E. faecalis biofilm, but lower than that of EndoFill for S. mutans biofilm.
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13
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Guo J, Wang Z, Weng Y, Yuan H, Yoshida K, Ikegame M, Uchibe K, Kamioka H, Ochiai K, Okamura H, Qiu L. N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-homoserine lactone regulates osteoblast apoptosis and differentiation by mediating intracellular calcium. Cell Signal 2020; 75:109740. [PMID: 32818672 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is associated with periapical periodontitis. The lesions are characterized by a disorder in osteoblast metabolism. Quorum sensing molecular N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-homoserine lactone (AHL) is secreted by P. aeruginosa and governs the expression of numerous virulence factors. AHL can trigger intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) fluctuations in many host cells. However, it is unclear whether AHL can regulate osteoblast metabolism by affecting [Ca2+]i changes or its spatial correlation. We explored AHL-induced apoptosis and differentiation in pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and evaluated [Ca2+]i mobilization using several extraction methods. The spatial distribution pattern of [Ca2+]i among cells was investigated by Moran's I, an index of spatial autocorrelation. We found that 30 μM and 50 μM AHL triggered opposing osteoblast fates. At 50 μM, AHL inhibited osteoblast differentiation by promoting mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis and negatively regulating osteogenic marker genes, including Runx2, Osterix, bone sialoprotein (Bsp), and osteocalcin (OCN). In contrast, prolonged treatment with 30 μM AHL promoted osteoblast differentiation concomitantly with cell apoptosis. The elevation of [Ca2+]i levels in osteoblasts treated with 50 μM AHL was spatially autocorrelated, while no such phenomenon was observed in 30 μM AHL-treated osteoblasts. The blocking of cell-to-cell spatial autocorrelation in the osteoblasts provoked by 50 μM AHL significantly inhibited apoptosis and partially restored differentiation. Our observations suggest that AHL affects the fate of osteoblasts (apoptosis and differentiation) by affecting the spatial correlation of [Ca2+]i changes. Thus, AHL acts as a double-edged sword for osteoblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Guo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China; Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yao Weng
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Haoze Yuan
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kaya Yoshida
- Department of Oral Healthcare Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mika Ikegame
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kenta Uchibe
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamioka
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Okamura
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Lihong Qiu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China.
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14
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Dioguardi M, Quarta C, Alovisi M, Crincoli V, Aiuto R, Crippa R, Angiero F, Laneve E, Sovereto D, De Lillo A, Troiano G, Lo Muzio L. Microbial Association with Genus Actinomyces in Primary and Secondary Endodontic Lesions, Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E433. [PMID: 32707891 PMCID: PMC7460180 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The main reason for root canal treatment failure is the persistence of microorganisms after therapy, or the recontamination of the root canal system due to an inadequate seal. In the mouth, Actinomyces spp. constitute a significant part of the normal flora, which is indicative of their ability to adhere to oral tissue and resist cleansing mechanisms, such as salivary flow. This review, performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), aims to clarify the prevalence of microbial genera that are associated with the genus Actinomyces in primary and secondary endodontic infections (primary outcome), and to identify the most prevalent species of the Actinomyces genus in endodontic lesions (secondary outcome). A total of 11 studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis, and a total of 331 samples were analyzed. Bacteria of the genus Actinomyces were found in 58 samples, and 46 bacterial genera were detected in association with bacteria of the genus Actinomyces. Bacteria of the genus Streptococcus and Propionibacterium were those most frequently associated with Actinomyces in the endodontic lesions considered, and Actinomyces israelii was the most frequently involved species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (A.D.L.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Cristian Quarta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (A.D.L.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Mario Alovisi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, 10127 Turin, Italy;
| | - Vito Crincoli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Division of Complex Operating Unit of Dentistry, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Aiuto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Rolando Crippa
- Department of Oral Pathology, Italian Stomatological Institute, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Francesca Angiero
- Department of Medical Sciences and Diagnostic Integrated, S. Martino Hospital, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Enrica Laneve
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (A.D.L.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Diego Sovereto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (A.D.L.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Alfredo De Lillo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (A.D.L.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (A.D.L.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (A.D.L.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
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15
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Horiuchi A, Kokubu E, Warita T, Ishihara K. Synergistic biofilm formation by Parvimonas micra and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Anaerobe 2020; 62:102100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Dioguardi M, Alovisi M, Crincoli V, Aiuto R, Malagnino G, Quarta C, Laneve E, Sovereto D, Lo Russo L, Troiano G, Lo Muzio L. Prevalence of the Genus Propionibacterium in Primary and Persistent Endodontic Lesions: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030739. [PMID: 32182900 PMCID: PMC7141369 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium are anaerobic/aero-tolerant rod Gram-positive bacteria, and numerous studies are associated with primary and secondary endodontic infections. The data in the literature on the prevalence of Propionibacterium are conflicting, and there are studies that report conflicting data on the prevalence in primary and secondary endodontic infections. This review aims to clarify the prevalence of bacteria of the genus Propionibacterium in endodontic lesions. The present systematic review work was performed on the basis of the Prisma protocol. A search was carried out on the PubMed and Scopus databases with the use of keywords. The research produced 410 records, which, after the elimination of the overlaps and the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, led to a number of 36 included articles divided by the three outcomes. The first outcome concerns prevalence of bacteria of the genus Propionibacterium in primary and secondary endodontic lesions. The secondary outcome, differences in the prevalence of bacteria of the genus Propionibacterium between primary endodontic infections and secondary endodontic infections. The tertiary outcome, differences in the prevalence of Propionibacterium Acnes compared to Propionibacterium propionicum in endodontic infections. The results of the meta-analysis show that the genus Propionibacterium bacteria are more prevalent in secondary endodontic infections and that P. Acnes has a higher prevalence than P. propionicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mario Alovisi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Vito Crincoli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Division of Complex Operating Unit of Dentistry, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Aiuto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo Malagnino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Cristian Quarta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Enrica Laneve
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Diego Sovereto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Lucio Lo Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
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17
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Guo J, Yoshida K, Ikegame M, Okamura H. Quorum sensing molecule N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone: An all-rounder in mammalian cell modification. J Oral Biosci 2020; 62:16-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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18
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Li J, Li J, Lyu N, Ma Y, Liu F, Feng Y, Yao L, Hou Z, Song X, Zhao H, Li X, Wang Y, Xiao C, Zhu B. Composition of fecal microbiota in low-set rectal cancer patients treated with FOLFOX. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020; 11:2040622320904293. [PMID: 32153743 PMCID: PMC7045296 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320904293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: FOLFOX treatment is a method used widely to reduce tumor size in low-set rectal cancer, with variable clinical results. FOLFOX agents comprise a mixture of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil, the efficacy of which might be modulated by the gut microbiome in humans. This study aimed to determine whether the bowel microbiota is a factor that influences FOLFOX treatment. Methods: To investigate the role of gut microbiota during FOLFOX treatment, we carried out comprehensive metagenomic and metabolomic analyses on 62 fecal samples collected from 37 low-set rectal cancer patients. A set of 31 samples was collected before the patients underwent treatment; another 31 samples were obtained after the treatment was completed. Among these samples, 50 were paired samples collected before and after FOLFOX treatment. The patients were divided into responder and nonresponder groups according to the treatment outcome. Metagenomic sequencing was performed on these fecal samples. Diverse bacterial taxa were identified by MetaGeneMark, Soapaligner, and DIAMOND; microbiotal data analyses were carried out in the R environment. Differences in microbial taxa and metagenomic linkage groups were observed in multiple comparative analyses. Results: The gut microbiota was altered after treatment. Compared with before treatment, the changes in bacterial diversity and microbiotal composition after treatment were more apparent in the responder group than in the nonresponder group. Bacterial species analysis revealed a group of gut bacteria in multiple comparisons, with a group of eight specific species being associated with the outcome of FOLFOX treatment. Responders and nonresponders before treatment were clearly separated based on this bacterial subset. Finally, the metagenomic linkage group network and metabolomic analyses based on the genomic data confirmed a more significant change in the gut microbiota during FOLFOX treatment in the responder group than in the nonresponder group. Conclusions: Overall, our results describe a dynamic process of gut microbiotal changes from the start to the end of FOLFOX treatment, and verified a close relationship between microbiota and treatment outcome. Recognition of the significance of microbiotal intervention before FOLFOX treatment for low-set rectal cancer may improve the effects of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingtao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Na Lyu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Hou
- Department of Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchuan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingdian Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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19
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Kobayashi F, Uehara O, Ito C, Furusawa M, Abiko Y, Muramatsu T. DNA methylation of GJA1, BMP2 and BMP4 in a human cementoblast cell line induced by lipopolysaccharide. Int Endod J 2020; 53:804-811. [PMID: 32011747 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine DNA methylation of GJA1, BMP2 and BMP4 in human cementoblasts (HCEM) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODOLOGY HCEM were cultured in osteoinduction medium. After 24 h, Escherichia coli LPS (1 μg/mL) was added to the medium, which was changed every 2-3 days. Untreated samples were used as controls. Messenger RNA was extracted after 4 weeks, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for GJA1, BMP2, BMP4 and DNMT1 was performed. Genomic DNA was extracted after 4 weeks, and quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was carried out for GJA1, BMP2 and BMP4. To detect mineralization, alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase staining were performed. The cells were also treated with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5Aza) and examined. The significance of differences amongst groups was assessed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison test with P < 0.05 being significant. RESULTS Decreased expression of mRNA was seen in GJA1, BMP2 and BMP4 after 4 weeks (P < 0.05). DNA hypermethylation was detected in GJA1, BMP2 and BMP4 (P < 0.05). Alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase staining revealed decreased mineralization levels in HCEM stimulated with LPS. 5Aza abolished the effects of DNA methylation in HCEM stimulated with LPS. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that long-term LPS stimulation induces DNA methylation of GJA1, BMP2 and BMP4 in HCEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kobayashi
- Department of Endodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - O Uehara
- Division of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - C Ito
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Furusawa
- Department of Endodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Abiko
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - T Muramatsu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Prevalence of Bacteria of Genus Actinomyces in Persistent Extraradicular Lesions-Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020457. [PMID: 32046071 PMCID: PMC7074192 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomyces are anaerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacteria. They are associated with persistent extraradicular endodontic infections, with possible involvement of the soft tissues of the maxillofacial district. Many studies reported conflicting data on the presence of bacteria of the genus Actinomyces in endodontic infections. The aim of this systematic review of the literature was to determine the real prevalence of such bacteria in primary and/or secondary endodontic infections and in cases of persistence with extraradicular involvement. This systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA protocol. A search was carried out through the Scopus and PubMed databases of potentially eligible articles through the use of appropriate keywords. The literature research resulted in preliminary 2240 records which, after the elimination of overlaps and the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, led to the inclusion of 46 articles focusing on three outcomes (primary outcome: number of teeth with the presence of a persistent extraradicular infection in which the presence of Actinomyces was ascertained; secondary outcome: number of teeth with endodontic infection in which the presence of Actinomyces was assessed; tertiary outcome: difference in the prevalence of bacteria of the genus Actinomyces between primary endodontic infections and secondary endodontic infections). Results of the meta-analysis show how bacteria of the genus Actinomyces are present in primary and secondary intraradicular infections and in those with persistence with a prevalence (ratio between teeth with actinomyces and teeth with infection) ranging from 0.091 up to 0.130 depending on the subgroups analyzed.
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21
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Himi K, Takeichi O, Imai K, Hatori K, Tamura T, Ogiso B. Epstein-Barr virus reactivation by persistent apical periodontal pathogens. Int Endod J 2019; 53:492-505. [PMID: 31730263 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess whether Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation is triggered by persistent apical periodontitis-related microbes using in vitro and ex vivo methodologies. METHODOLOGY Surgically removed human periapical granulomas (n = 50) and healthy gingival tissues (n = 10) were analysed to determine the presence of EBV and seven persistent apical periodontitis-related microbes. In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression of BZLF-1, an immediate-early gene of EBV. Expression of latent membrane protein (LMP)-1 and ZEBRA, an early lytic protein of EBV encoded by BZLF-1, was also examined using triple-colour immunofluorescence staining. n-Butyric acid produced by the microbes was quantified, and luciferase assays were performed in association with bacterial lysates. In addition, Daudi cells were cultured with bacterial lysates, and the expression levels of BZLF-1 mRNA and ZEBRA protein were determined. RESULTS EBV DNA and BZLF-1 mRNA were detected in 47 out of 50 periapical granulomas, but not in healthy gingival tissues. The EBV DNA copy number and the number of Fusobacterium nucleatum were significantly positively correlated with BZLF-1 expression in periapical granulomas. The number of Prevotella intermedia was slightly correlated with BZLF-1 expression; however, the other microbes were not. CD79a-positive B cells in periapical granulomas, but not those in healthy gingival tissues, expressed both LMP-1 and ZEBRA. n-Butyric acid production was the highest in F. nucleatum and the lowest in P. intermedia. Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and the other tested microbes did not produce n-butyric acid. An F. nucleatum lysate exhibited significantly increased BZLF-1-luciferase activity in the same manner of commercial butyric acid, whereas P. intermedia did not. F. nucleatum also induced the expression of BZLF-1 mRNA and ZEBRA protein by Daudi cells, indicating that EBV reactivation was induced. CONCLUSION Among the persistent apical periodontitis-related bacteria that were tested, F. nucleatum most strongly reactivated latent EBV, whereas E. faecalis and C. albicans as well as the other microbes did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Himi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - O Takeichi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Centre, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Imai
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Centre, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Hatori
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Centre, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Tamura
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - B Ogiso
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Centre, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
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Ali IAA, Cheung BPK, Yau JYY, Matinlinna JP, Lévesque CM, Belibasakis GN, Neelakantan P. The influence of substrate surface conditioning and biofilm age on the composition of
Enterococcus faecalis
biofilms. Int Endod J 2019; 53:53-61. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I. A. A. Ali
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
| | - B. P. K. Cheung
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
| | - J. Y. Y. Yau
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - C. M. Lévesque
- Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - G. N. Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institute Huddinge Sweden
| | - P. Neelakantan
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
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23
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Toubes KM, Tonelli SQ, Oliveira BJD, Duarte G, Nunes E, Silveira FF. Apical periodontitis associated with a calculus-like deposit: A case report of a rare fan-shaped manifestation. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2019; 41:1-5. [PMID: 30962929 PMCID: PMC6434093 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bacterial biofilms can be calcified. Granulomas or cystic lesions are the most commonly found entities in endodontics. Surprisingly, this case report presents a rare radiopaque image, in a fan shape, of a calculus-like deposit in the periapical region of the maxillary left central incisor. Case presentation A 34-year-old male, with a history of trauma, presented with apical periodontitis associated with an uncommon image, similar to a calculus-like deposit adhered to the apical region of the maxillary left central incisor. Nonsurgical endodontic intervention was performed, followed by apicoectomy and histopathological analysis of the collected material. The results of the biopsy were not compatible with a cyst or granuloma but showed fibrous connective tissue with calcified areas. Discussion Correct diagnosis in endodontics is possible with a well-conducted anamnesis, complementary imaging exams and, in some cases, histopathological analysis. The periapical calculus-like deposit, associated with a periapical radiolucent lesion, was a result of the body's fight for healing, producing unusual radiopacity. Conclusion The presence of the calculus-like deposit in a fan shape at the root surface represented dystrophic calcification as a manifestation of the attempt to heal. In the present case, apicoectomy and tissue biopsy for histological evaluation were fundamental for the correct diagnosis. Root canal is critical area for biofilm development. Extraradicular biofilm on the surface of the root may cause persistent periapical lesions. Uncommon radiopaque image association with endodontic periapical lesions was related. Persistent periapical lesions associate with extraradicular biofilm represents a challenge for Endodontic treatment. Only surgical resection was capable to repair the injury.
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24
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De novo synthesis of novel bacterial monosaccharide fusaminic acid. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:420-431. [PMID: 30903099 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is an oral bacteria related to various types of diseases. As Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Fusobacterium nucleatum could be a potential virulence factor. Recently, the structure of O-antigen in LPS of Fusobacterium nucleatum strain 25586 was elucidated to contain a trisaccharide repeating unit -(4-β-Nonp5Am-4-α-L-6dAltpNAc3PCho-3-β-D-QuipNAc)-. The nonulosonic acid characterized as 5-acetamidino-3,5,9-trideoxy-L-glycero-L-gluco-non-2-ulosonic acid (named as fusaminic acid), and 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-L-altrose are the novel monosaccharides isolated. Herein we report the de novo synthesis of 5-N-acetyl fusaminic acid and the thioglycoside derivative in order to further investigate the biological significance of nonulosonic acids for bacterial pathogenesis.
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25
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Ramirez T, Shrestha A, Kishen A. Inflammatory potential of monospecies biofilm matrix components. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1020-1027. [PMID: 30719720 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the inflammatory potential of biofilm matrix constituents of Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa monospecies biofilms on macrophages. METHODOLOGY In vitro biofilms of E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa were grown (7 days) in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The biofilm matrix components: exopolysaccharides (EPS) and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were extracted and quantified. The inflammatory potential of EPS and eDNA was assessed on macrophage cell lines (RAW 267.4) using nitric oxide (NO), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expressions. LPS from P. aeruginosa and planktonic bacteria were positive controls. One-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post hoc test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Extracted EPS from both biofilm strains was associated with higher levels than eDNA in both growth conditions (P < 0.05). The biofilm components had less inflammatory potential compared to planktonic bacteria and LPS. EPS produced higher levels of inflammatory response compared to eDNA for both strains (P < 0.05). IL-6 and TNF-α, and NO expression showed no difference for E. faecalis EPS (P ≥ 0.05). In contrast, P. aeruginosa EPS and eDNA had significant levels of IL-6 compared to TNF-α and NO (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Monospecies biofilm matrix EPS and eDNA from the bacterial strains tested had the ability to induce a low-grade inflammatory response when compared to planktonic bacteria and LPS. This study highlights the potential of biofilm matrix/components, devoid of bacteria to induce low-grade chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ramirez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - A Shrestha
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Kishen
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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26
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Bernard C, Lemoine V, Hoogenkamp MA, Girardot M, Krom BP, Imbert C. Candida albicans enhances initial biofilm growth of Cutibacterium acnes under aerobic conditions. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:350-360. [PMID: 31088179 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1608966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans and Cutibacterium acnes are opportunistic pathogens that co-colonize the human body. They are involved in biofilm-related infections of implanted medical devices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of these species to interact and form polymicrobial biofilms. SEM imaging and adhesion assays showed that C. acnes adhesion to C. albicans did not have a preference for a specific morphological state of C. albicans; bacteria adhered to both hyphal and yeast forms of C. albicans. C. albicans did not influence growth of C. acnes under anaerobic growth conditions, however under aerobic growth condition, C. albicans enhanced early C. acnes biofilm formation. This favorable impact of C. albicans was not mediated by secreted compounds accumulating in the medium, but required the presence of metabolically active C. albicans. The ability of these microorganisms to interact together could modulate the physiopathology of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Bernard
- a Laboratoire Ecologie Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267 , Université de Poitiers , Poitiers , France
| | - Virginie Lemoine
- a Laboratoire Ecologie Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267 , Université de Poitiers , Poitiers , France
| | - Michel A Hoogenkamp
- b Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and the University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Marion Girardot
- a Laboratoire Ecologie Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267 , Université de Poitiers , Poitiers , France
| | - Bastiaan P Krom
- b Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and the University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
- c ESCMID Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB)
| | - Christine Imbert
- a Laboratoire Ecologie Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267 , Université de Poitiers , Poitiers , France
- c ESCMID Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB)
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27
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Ponce JB, Midena RZ, Pinke KH, Weckwerth PH, Andrade FBD, Lara VS. In vitro treatment of Enterococcus faecalis with calcium hydroxide impairs phagocytosis by human macrophages. Acta Odontol Scand 2019; 77:158-163. [PMID: 30618320 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2018.1533142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) ability to phagocytize and produce nitric oxide (NO) was tested against root-canal strains of Enterococcus faecalis submitted to alkaline stress. Root-canal strains were also compared with urine Enterococci. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enterococcus faecalis were stressed with alkaline-BHI broth and incubated in vitro at a cell/bacteria ratio of 1:5. Phagocytosis was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy using acridine orange stain, and NO concentration was measured in supernatants. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Alkaline-stress significantly impaired MDMs phagocytosis of E. faecalis strains analyzed, except in ATCC4083 isolated from a pulpless tooth, but NO production was unchanged. Comparison of different strains showed the urine isolate had higher NO levels than root canal strains. Alterations in the bacterial cell wall structures after alkaline-stress possibly made bacteria less recognizable and phagocytized by MDMs but did not affect their ability to activate NO production. Furthermore, root canal strains elicited different responses by immune cells compared with strains from urine. Clinically, impaired phagocytosis of E. faecalis could contribute to their persistence in root canal systems previously treated with calcium hydroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Burgos Ponce
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Raquel Zanin Midena
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Karen Henriette Pinke
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Soares Lara
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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28
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Relative reduction of biological and phylogenetic diversity of the oral microbiota of diabetes and pre-diabetes patients. Microb Pathog 2019; 128:215-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
Conventional root canal therapies yield high success rates. The treatment outcomes are negatively affected by the presence of apical periodontitis (AP), which reflects active root canal infection and inflammatory responses. Also, cross-sectional studies revealed surprisingly high prevalence of AP in the general population, especially in those with prior endodontic treatments. Hence, AP is an ongoing disease entity in endodontics that needs further understanding of the pathogenesis and disease progression. The current Chapter will discuss the basic mechanisms of AP with emphasis on emerging role of epigenetic regulators in regulation of inflammatory mediators.
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30
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Pourhajibagher M, Bahador A. An in vivo evaluation of microbial diversity before and after the photo-activated disinfection in primary endodontic infections: Traditional phenotypic and molecular approaches. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 22:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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31
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Shang FM, Liu HL. Fusobacterium nucleatum and colorectal cancer: A review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 10:71-81. [PMID: 29564037 PMCID: PMC5852398 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v10.i3.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is a Gram-negative obligate anaerobe bacterium in the oral cavity and plays a role in several oral diseases, including periodontitis and gingivitis. Recently, several studies have reported that the level of F. nucleatum is significantly elevated in human colorectal adenomas and carcinomas compared to that in adjacent normal tissue. Several researchers have also demonstrated that F. nucleatum is obviously associated with colorectal cancer and promotes the development of colorectal neoplasms. In this review, we have summarized the recent reports on F. nucleatum and its role in colorectal cancer and have highlighted the methods of detecting F. nucleatum in colorectal cancer, the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis, immunity status, and colorectal cancer prevention strategies that target F. nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Mei Shang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hong-Li Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
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32
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Harjunmaa U, Doyle R, Järnstedt J, Kamiza S, Jorgensen JM, Stewart CP, Shaw L, Hallamaa L, Ashorn U, Klein N, Dewey KG, Maleta K, Ashorn P. Periapical infection may affect birth outcomes via systemic inflammation. Oral Dis 2018; 24:847-855. [PMID: 29230915 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maternal dental periapical infections are associated with preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction. This study investigates whether the association is mediated through bacterial spread from periapical lesions to placenta (direct pathway) or systemic inflammatory reaction (indirect pathway). MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared birth outcomes in Malawian mothers with and without periapical infection. As markers of a direct pathway, we identified placental bacteria using a 16S rDNA approach and assessed histological evidence of inflammation in the placenta and amniotic membranes. We measured C-reactive protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, and salivary cortisol as markers of an indirect pathway. We used regression models to associate the predictor variables with duration of pregnancy and newborn size. RESULTS Of 1,024 women, 23.5% had periapical infection. There was no association of periapical infection with either bacterial DNA or histological inflammation in placenta or membranes. Periapical infection was associated with C-reactive protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, and cortisol concentrations in a dose-dependent manner at 36 weeks. Addition of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein or cortisol concentration into regression models attenuated the association between periapical infection and pregnancy outcomes. CONCLUSION There was no evidence of direct spread of periapical bacteria to the placenta. Periapical infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes are in part mediated through systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Harjunmaa
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - R Doyle
- Microbiology, Virology & Infection Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Järnstedt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - S Kamiza
- Department of Pathology, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - J M Jorgensen
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - C P Stewart
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - L Shaw
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - L Hallamaa
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - U Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - N Klein
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - K G Dewey
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - K Maleta
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - P Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Latorre C, Escobar F, Velosa J, Rubiano D, Hidalgo-Martinez P, Otero L. Association between obstructive sleep apnea and comorbidities with periodontal disease in adults. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2018; 22:215-220. [PMID: 29962700 PMCID: PMC6009157 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_38_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies have reported an association between periodontal disease and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, heterogeneity of results suggests that there is insufficient evidence to support this association. Aims: The objective of this study was to identify the association between periodontal disease and OSA in adults with different comorbidities. Settings and Design: One hundred and ninety-nine individuals (107 women and 92 men) underwent polysomnography with a mean age of 49.9 years were recruited. Materials and Methods: The presence of OSA, comorbidities, and periodontal disease was evaluated in each individual. Student's t-tests or Chi-square and ANOVA tests were used to determine the differences between groups. Results: The prevalence of periodontal disease was 62.3% and 34.1% for gingivitis. The results showed no statistically significant association between all groups of patients with OSA and non-OSA patients for gingivitis (P = 0.27) and for periodontitis (P = 0.312). However, statistically significant association was shown between periodontitis and mild OSA compared with the periodontitis and non-OSA referent (P = 0.041; odds ratio: 1.37 and 95% confidence interval 1.11–2.68). The analysis between OSA and comorbidities showed a statistically significant difference for patients with OSA and hypertension (P < 0.001) and for patients with OSA and hypertensive cardiomyopathy (P < 0.001) compared with healthy individuals. Periodontitis was more likely in men with severe OSA and with any of two comorbidities such as hypertension or hypertensive cardiomyopathy. Women with hypertension or hypertensive cardiomyopathy were more likely to have mild OSA, and these associations were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study identified association between periodontitis and mild OSA and this association was more frequent in women with hypertension or hypertensive cardiomyopathy. Periodontitis was associated with severe OSA in men who showed any of two comorbidities such as hypertension or hypertensive cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Latorre
- Center of Dental Research, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Francina Escobar
- Center of Dental Research, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juliana Velosa
- Center of Dental Research, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniela Rubiano
- Center of Dental Research Dentistry Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Patricia Hidalgo-Martinez
- Department of Pulmonology, Sleep Clinic, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, and Medicine Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Liliana Otero
- Center of Dental Research Dentistry Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Royal Jelly Inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa Adherence and Reduces Excessive Inflammatory Responses in Human Epithelial Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3191752. [PMID: 29075644 PMCID: PMC5623779 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3191752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium and causes respiratory infection especially in elderly patients. Royal jelly has been used worldwide as a traditional remedy and as a nutrient; however, the effect against P. aeruginosa is unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze antibacterial, antiadherent, and anti-inflammatory effects of royal jelly against P. aeruginosa. Wild-type strain PAO1 and clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were used for antibacterial assay and antiadherent assay to abiotic surface and epithelial cells, which are pharynx (Detroit 562) and lung (NCI-H292) epithelial cells. In anti-inflammatory assay, epithelial cells were pretreated with royal jelly before bacterial exposure to investigate its inhibitory effect on interleukin (IL-8) and macrophage inflammatory protein-3α/CCL20 overproduction. Although royal jelly did not have antibacterial activity at concentration of 50% w/v, antiadherent activity was confirmed on the abiotic surface and epithelial cells under concentration of 25%. Pretreatment with royal jelly significantly inhibited overproduction of IL-8 and CCL20 from both cells. These results demonstrated that royal jelly inhibits P. aeruginosa adherence and protects epithelial cells from excessive inflammatory responses against P. aeruginosa infection. Our findings suggested that royal jelly may be a useful supplement as complementary and alternative medicine for preventing respiratory infection caused by P. aeruginosa.
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Grange PA, Raingeaud J, Morelle W, Marcelin AG, Calvez V, Dupin N. Characterization of a Propionibacterium acnes Surface Protein as a Fibrinogen-Binding Protein. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6428. [PMID: 28743910 PMCID: PMC5527093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a major skin-associated bacterium that was long considered commensal, until several studies revealed it to be an opportunistic pathogen. We investigated the ability of P. acnes surface proteins to recognize ECM proteins and showed that a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein was specifically recognized by human fibrinogen (hFg). The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. DsA1 is mostly produced during stationary phase. It appears to be highly glycosylated, containing GalNAc residues. Purified DsA1 strongly recognizes the Aα and Bβ subunits of hFg, and specific enzymatic deglycosylation of hFg demonstrated the involvement of the protein backbone in the recognition process. The Bβ subunit of hFg was cloned in four peptide fractions (Fg1-Fg4). The N-terminal Fg1 peptide of hFg was recognized by DsA1, and priming DsA1 with Fg1 inhibited DsA1/hFg recognition. We describe here for the first time, the characterization of a P. acnes surface glycoprotein recognizing human fibrinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe A Grange
- Université Sorbonne Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin U1016, Laboratoire de Dermatologie-CNR Syphilis, Paris, France
| | | | - Willy Morelle
- UMR CNRS/USTL 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université des Science et Technologies de Lille 1, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
| | - Anne-Geneviève Marcelin
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Virologie - INSERM 1136-UMR UPMC Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Calvez
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Virologie - INSERM 1136-UMR UPMC Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dupin
- Université Sorbonne Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin U1016, Laboratoire de Dermatologie-CNR Syphilis, Paris, France.
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Centre Cochin-Hôtel Dieu-Broca, Service de Dermatologie-Vénéréologie, Paris, France.
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36
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Pereira RS, Bonardi JP, Ferreira A, Latini GL. An unusual case of dental infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing a brain abscess: case report. Aust Dent J 2017. [PMID: 28621821 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A brain abscess may result when dental infection reaches the brain through contiguous anatomic cavities such as the maxillary sinus, the ethmoid sinus and the orbital cavity. It is an important complication and should be treated aggressively. Such treatment would include the excision of the etiological factor, drainage and adjuvant antibiotic therapy. The present case concerns a 23 year old woman who presented at the General Hospital of Nova Iguaçu with complaints of pain in the right side of the face and was diagnosed with acute sinusitis. Antibiotics and analgesics were prescribed to treat the disease. However, after 10 days, she returned to the emergency room, presenting with proptosis of the right eyeball, subconjunctival haemorrhage, ophthalmoplegia and intense pain in the right orbit, in addition to headaches. After computed tomography was performed, she was diagnosed with a brain abscess in the frontal lobe with the involvement of the maxillary right first molar, the maxillary sinus, the ethmoid sinus and the orbital cavity. With culturing of the secretion, the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonies was evident. Treatment consisted of a craniotomy to drain the brain abscess, a Caldwell-Luc procedure to drain the right maxillary sinus, dental extraction and aggressive antibiotic therapy. After 6 weeks, the patient was discharged with no neurological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Pereira
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department in General Hospital of Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J P Bonardi
- Universidade Estatual Paulista - UNESP, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Acd Ferreira
- Neurosurgery Department in General Hospital of Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G L Latini
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department in General Hospital of Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Emery DC, Shoemark DK, Batstone TE, Waterfall CM, Coghill JA, Cerajewska TL, Davies M, West NX, Allen SJ. 16S rRNA Next Generation Sequencing Analysis Shows Bacteria in Alzheimer's Post-Mortem Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:195. [PMID: 28676754 PMCID: PMC5476743 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurological deterioration associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), involving accumulation of amyloid-beta peptides and neurofibrillary tangles, is associated with evident neuroinflammation. This is now seen to be a significant contributor to pathology. Recently the tenet of the privileged status of the brain, regarding microbial compromise, has been questioned, particularly in terms of neurodegenerative diseases. It is now being considered that microbiological incursion into the central nervous system could be either an initiator or significant contributor to these. This is a novel study using 16S ribosomal gene-specific Next generation sequencing (NGS) of extracted brain tissue. A comparison was made of the bacterial species content of both frozen and formaldehyde fixed sections of a small cohort of Alzheimer-affected cases with those of cognitively unimpaired (normal). Our findings suggest an increase in bacterial populations in Alzheimer brain tissue compared with normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Emery
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tom E. Batstone
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christy M. Waterfall
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jane A. Coghill
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maria Davies
- School of Oral and Dental SciencesBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola X. West
- School of Oral and Dental SciencesBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Shelley J. Allen
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
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Hunter MC, Pozhitkov AE, Noble PA. Microbial signatures of oral dysbiosis, periodontitis and edentulism revealed by Gene Meter methodology. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 131:85-101. [PMID: 27717873 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conceptual models suggest that certain microorganisms (e.g., the "red" complex) are indicative of a specific disease state (e.g., periodontitis); however, recent studies have questioned the validity of these models. Here, the abundances of 500+ microbial species were determined in 16 patients with clinical signs of one of the following oral conditions: periodontitis, established caries, edentulism, and oral health. Our goal was to determine if the abundances of certain microorganisms reflect dysbiosis or a specific clinical condition that could be used as a 'signature' for dental research. Microbial abundances were determined by the analysis of 138,718 calibrated probes using Gene Meter methodology. Each 16S rRNA gene was targeted by an average of 194 unique probes (n=25nt). The calibration involved diluting pooled gene target samples, hybridizing each dilution to a DNA microarray, and fitting the probe intensities to adsorption models. The fit of the model to the experimental data was used to assess individual and aggregate probe behavior; good fits (R2>0.90) were retained for back-calculating microbial abundances from patient samples. The abundance of a gene was determined from the median of all calibrated individual probes or from the calibrated abundance of all aggregated probes. With the exception of genes with low abundances (<2 arbitrary units), the abundances determined by the different calibrations were highly correlated (r~1.0). Seventeen genera were classified as 'signatures of dysbiosis' because they had significantly higher abundances in patients with periodontitis and edentulism when contrasted with health. Similarly, 13 genera were classified as 'signatures of periodontitis', and 14 genera were classified as 'signatures of edentulism'. The signatures could be used, individually or in combination, to assess the clinical status of a patient (e.g., evaluating treatments such as antibiotic therapies). Comparisons of the same patient samples revealed high false negatives (45%) for next-generation-sequencing results and low false positives (7%) for Gene Meter results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Colby Hunter
- Program in Microbiology, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36101, United States.
| | - Alex E Pozhitkov
- Department of Oral Health, University of Washington, Box 3574444, Seattle, WA, United States.
| | - Peter A Noble
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Box 3574444, Seattle, WA, United States.
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Fujii R, Muramatsu T, Yamaguchi Y, Asai T, Aida N, Suehara M, Morinaga K, Furusawa M. An endodontic-periodontal lesion with primary periodontal disease: a case report on its bacterial profile. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2016; 55:33-7. [PMID: 24717928 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.55.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The microflora in the periodontal pockets can affect the dental pulp and cause endodontic-periodontal lesions or retrograde pulpitis. Here we report an endodontic-periodontal lesion together with its bacterial profile. The lesion occurred in the maxillary right first molar of a 40-year-old woman who presented at our hospital complaining of a violent toothache since the previous night. Clinically, the tooth was caries-free and an electric pulp test showed it to be vital. The tooth showed signs of advanced periodontitis and the periodontal pocket was deep, reaching the apex of the palatal root. The clinical diagnosis was an endodontic-periodontal lesion with primary periodontal disease. Subsequent endodontic treatment comprised pulp extirpation and root canal filling, followed by periodontal treatment consisting of scaling and root planing. The tooth was finally restored with a full metal crown. No further signs of periodontal disease or periapical lesions have been observed to date. Bacteria were sampled from the root canal and periodontal pocket for a microbiological assessment using 16S rRNA gene-based PCR. Microbiologically, the profile of the bacterial species from the palatal root canal was similar to that from the periodontal pocket of the palatal root. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Eikenella corrodens were detected in both samples. The occurrence of bacteria common to both sites in this patient further supports the proposition that periodontal disease is the definitive source of root canal infections. The present results suggest that a bacterial examination would be helpful in confirming and supporting the clinical diagnosis in such lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Fujii
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College
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Singh G, Elshamy FM, Homeida HE, Boreak N, Gupta I. An in vitro Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Three Endodontic Sealers with Different Composition. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17:553-556. [PMID: 27595721 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to compare the antimicrobial property of newly introduced EndoSequence BC sealer with commonly used zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealer (Zical) and epoxy resin-based sealer (MM-Seal) against Candida albicans, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS The agar diffusion test was done to measure the antimicrobial activity of sealers. The sealers were put in the 4 mm wells prepared in the inoculated agar plates. The agar plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and the zones of inhibition that appeared was measured. Chi-square test was done to evaluate intraobserver bias for all study samples. Intergroup comparison was done for all five parameters using Pearson correlation statistical analysis. RESULTS EndoSequence BC sealer showed maximum mean of diameter of zones of inhibition against all the microorganisms but with no statistically significant difference with other sealers. Zical did not show any zone of inhibition against the P. aeruginosa. MM-Seal did not show any inhibitory activity against the P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. CONCLUSION EndoSequence BC sealer showed antimicrobial activity against all the microorganisms and proved to be a better choice when compared with other two sealers. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Antimicrobial properties of endodontic sealers are important to prevent the persistent infection of the complex root canals. EndoSequence BC sealer has been proved to be a better sealer in this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Phone: +966591742345 e-mail:
| | - Faheim Mm Elshamy
- Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Husham E Homeida
- Department of Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nezar Boreak
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Iti Gupta
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Narita M, Shibahara T, Takano N, Fujii R, Okuda K, Ishihara K. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Microorganisms Isolated from Periapical Periodontitis Lesions. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2016; 57:133-42. [DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.2015-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Narita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College
| | | | - Nobuo Takano
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Rie Fujii
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College
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42
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Ping Y, Wang J, Liang J. Pyrosequencing analysis of apical microbiota of teeth with persistent apical periodontitis. J Dent Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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43
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Ruan Y, Shen L, Zou Y, Qi Z, Yin J, Jiang J, Guo L, He L, Chen Z, Tang Z, Qin S. Comparative genome analysis of Prevotella intermedia strain isolated from infected root canal reveals features related to pathogenicity and adaptation. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:122. [PMID: 25765460 PMCID: PMC4349605 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many species of the genus Prevotella are pathogens that cause oral diseases. Prevotella intermedia is known to cause various oral disorders e.g. periodontal disease, periapical periodontitis and noma as well as colonize in the respiratory tract and be associated with cystic fibrosis and chronic bronchitis. It is of clinical significance to identify the main drive of its various adaptation and pathogenicity. In order to explore the intra-species genetic differences among strains of Prevotella intermedia of different niches, we isolated a strain Prevotella intermedia ZT from the infected root canal of a Chinese patient with periapical periodontitis and gained a draft genome sequence. We annotated the genome and compared it with the genomes of other taxa in the genus Prevotella. Results The raw data set, consisting of approximately 65X-coverage reads, was trimmed and assembled into contigs from which 2165 ORFs were predicted. The comparison of the Prevotella intermedia ZT genome sequence with the published genome sequence of Prevotella intermedia 17 and Prevotella intermedia ATCC25611 revealed that ~14% of the genes were strain-specific. The Preveotella intermedia strains share a set of conserved genes contributing to its adaptation and pathogenic and possess strain-specific genes especially those involved in adhesion and secreting bacteriocin. The Prevotella intermedia ZT shares similar gene content with other taxa of genus Prevotella. The genomes of the genus Prevotella is highly dynamic with relative conserved parts: on average, about half of the genes in one Prevotella genome were not included in another genome of the different Prevotella species. The degree of conservation varied with different pathways: the ability of amino acid biosynthesis varied greatly with species but the pathway of cell wall components biosynthesis were nearly constant. Phylogenetic tree shows that the taxa from different niches are scarcely distributed among clades. Conclusions Prevotella intermedia ZT belongs to a genus marked with highly dynamic genomes. The specific genes of Prevotella intermedia indicate that adhesion, competing with surrounding microbes and horizontal gene transfer are the main drive of the evolution of Prevotella intermedia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1272-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Ruan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders(Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashang Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Shanghai Institutes of Pilot Genomics and Human Health, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Lu Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders(Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashang Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Shanghai Institutes of Pilot Genomics and Human Health, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yan Zou
- Department of Endodontics, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Zhengnan Qi
- Department of Endodontics, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Endodontics, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Jie Jiang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders(Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashang Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Liang Guo
- The Fourth Hospital of Jinan City; Taishan Medical College, Jinan, 250031, China.
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders(Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashang Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Shanghai Institutes of Pilot Genomics and Human Health, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Zijiang Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders(Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashang Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Zisheng Tang
- Department of Endodontics, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders(Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashang Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Shanghai Institutes of Pilot Genomics and Human Health, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Propionibacterium acnes: from commensal to opportunistic biofilm-associated implant pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 27:419-40. [PMID: 24982315 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00092-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes is known primarily as a skin commensal. However, it can present as an opportunistic pathogen via bacterial seeding to cause invasive infections such as implant-associated infections. These infections have gained more attention due to improved diagnostic procedures, such as sonication of explanted foreign materials and prolonged cultivation time of up to 14 days for periprosthetic biopsy specimens, and improved molecular methods, such as broad-range 16S rRNA gene PCR. Implant-associated infections caused by P. acnes are most often described for shoulder prosthetic joint infections as well as cerebrovascular shunt infections, fibrosis of breast implants, and infections of cardiovascular devices. P. acnes causes disease through a number of virulence factors, such as biofilm formation. P. acnes is highly susceptible to a wide range of antibiotics, including beta-lactams, quinolones, clindamycin, and rifampin, although resistance to clindamycin is increasing. Treatment requires a combination of surgery and a prolonged antibiotic treatment regimen to successfully eliminate the remaining bacteria. Most authors suggest a course of 3 to 6 months of antibiotic treatment, including 2 to 6 weeks of intravenous treatment with a beta-lactam. While recently reported data showed a good efficacy of rifampin against P. acnes biofilms, prospective, randomized, controlled studies are needed to confirm evidence for combination treatment with rifampin, as has been performed for staphylococcal implant-associated infections.
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45
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Han YW. Fusobacterium nucleatum: a commensal-turned pathogen. Curr Opin Microbiol 2015; 23:141-7. [PMID: 25576662 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is an anaerobic oral commensal and a periodontal pathogen associated with a wide spectrum of human diseases. This article reviews its implication in adverse pregnancy outcomes (chorioamnionitis, preterm birth, stillbirth, neonatal sepsis, preeclampsia), GI disorders (colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, appendicitis), cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, respiratory tract infections, Lemierre's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. The virulence mechanisms involved in the diseases are discussed, with emphasis on its colonization, systemic dissemination, and induction of host inflammatory and tumorigenic responses. The FadA adhesin/invasin conserved in F. nucleatum is a key virulence factor and a potential diagnostic marker for F. nucleatum-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping W Han
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral Diagnostics & Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, United States; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, United States; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, United States.
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46
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Zakaria MN, Takeshita T, Shibata Y, Maeda H, Wada N, Akamine A, Yamashita Y. Microbial community in persistent apical periodontitis: a 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis. Int Endod J 2014; 48:717-28. [PMID: 25088120 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterize the microbial composition of persistent periapical lesions of root filled teeth using a molecular genetics approach. METHODOLOGY Apical lesion samples were collected from 12 patients (23-80 years old) who visited the Kyushu University Hospital for apicectomy with persistent periapical lesions associated with root filled teeth. DNA was directly extracted from each sample and the microbial composition was comprehensively analysed using clone library analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and specific fimA genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis were confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis with specific primers. RESULTS Bacteria were detected in all samples, and the dominant findings were P. gingivalis (19.9%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (11.2%) and Propionibacterium acnes (9%). Bacterial diversity was greater in symptomatic lesions than in asymptomatic ones. In addition, the following bacteria or bacterial combinations were characteristic to symptomatic lesions: Prevotella spp., Treponema spp., Peptostreptococcaceae sp. HOT-113, Olsenella uli, Slackia exigua, Selemonas infelix, P. gingivalis with type IV fimA, and a combination of P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and Peptostreptococcaceae sp. HOT-113 and predominance of Streptococcus spp. On the other hand, neither Enterococcus faecalis nor C. albicans were detected in any of the samples. CONCLUSION Whilst a diverse bacterial species were observed in the persistent apical lesions, some characteristic patterns of bacterial community were found in the symptomatic lesions. The diverse variation of community indicates that bacterial combinations as a community may cause persistent inflammation in periapical tissues rather than specific bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Zakaria
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Jenderal Achmad Yani University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - T Takeshita
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y Shibata
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - H Maeda
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - N Wada
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - A Akamine
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y Yamashita
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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47
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Microbial Diversity in Persistent Root Canal Infections Investigated by Checkerboard DNA-DNA Hybridization. J Endod 2014; 40:899-906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Investigation of Cultivable Bacteria Isolated from Longstanding Retreatment-resistant Lesions of Teeth with Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2013; 39:1240-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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49
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Wang J, Chen W, Jiang Y, Liang J. Imaging of extraradicular biofilm using combined scanning electron microscopy and stereomicroscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2013; 76:979-83. [PMID: 23857917 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry; Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai; 200011; China
| | - Wu Chen
- Department of Periodontology; Jiangsu Province Stomatological Hospital; Institute of Stomatology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing; Jiangsu; 210029; China
| | - Yuntao Jiang
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry; Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai; 200011; China
| | - Jingping Liang
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry; Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai; 200011; China
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50
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Del Fabbro M, Samaranayake LP, Lolato A, Weinstein T, Taschieri S. Analysis of the secondary endodontic lesions focusing on the extraradicular microorganisms: an overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 5:245-54. [PMID: 23766136 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed at reviewing the literature on extraradicular infections of endodontically treated teeth, summarizing the main hypotheses on etiopathogenesis and describing the most suitable techniques to identify the composition of pathogenic extraradicular microorganisms. Medline database was searched using the keywords "Apical biofilm," "extraradicular infection," "secondary endodontic lesion," "endodontic retreatment," "biofilm" either alone or combined with AND. A further hand search was performed on the main endodontic journals. The most frequent bacterial species identified in different studies and with different techniques may vary considerably. Although the presence of some species of microorganisms seems to be determinant, the true origin of extraradicular infection is still undetermined. The literature analysis showed marked differences in methodology, materials, aims, and techniques adopted, which led to highly heterogeneous outcomes. The picture emerging from this review is that extraradicular infection is likely a multifactorial disease that requires further systematic investigation using standardized techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Del Fabbro
- Director of Center of Research for Oral Health, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Dental Clinic, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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