1
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Expression of glucose transporters in the human amnion derived mesenchymal stromal cells under normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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2
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Huerzeler N, Petkovic V, Sekulic-Jablanovic M, Kucharava K, Wright MB, Bodmer D. Insulin Receptor and Glucose Transporters in the Mammalian Cochlea. Audiol Neurootol 2019; 24:65-76. [PMID: 31117067 DOI: 10.1159/000499561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptors are expressed on nerve cells in the mammalian brain, but little is known about insulin signaling and the expression of the insulin receptor (IR) and glucose transporters in the cochlea. We performed immunohistochemistry and gene/protein expression analysis to characterize the expression pattern of the IR and glucose transporters in the mouse organ of Corti (OC). We also performed glucose uptake assays to explore the action of insulin and the effects of pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, on glucose transport in the OC. Western blots of protein extracts from OCs showed high expression of IR and glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the IR is specifically expressed in the supporting cells of the OC. GLUT3 was found in outer and inner hair cells, in the basilar membrane (BM), the stria vascularis (SV), Reissner's membrane and spiral ganglion neurons (SGN). Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) was detected at low levels in the BM, SV and Reissner's membrane, and showed high expression in the SGN. Fluorescence glucose uptake assays revealed that hair cells take up glucose and that addition of insulin (10 nM or 1 µM) approximately doubled the rate of uptake. Pioglitazone conferred a small but nonsignificant potentiation of glucose uptake at the highest concentration of insulin. Gene expression analysis confirmed expression of IR, GLUT1 and GLUT3 mRNA in the OC. Pioglitazone significantly upregulated IR and GLUT1 mRNA expression, which was further increased by insulin. Together, these data show that insulin-stimulated glucose uptake occurs in the OC and may be associated with upregulation of both the IR and GLUT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Huerzeler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,
| | - Vesna Petkovic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Bodmer
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Shinchi H, Nakamura T, Ota H, Nishihara S, Wakao M, Suda Y. Cell Profiling Based on Sugar‐Chain–Cell Binding Interaction and Its Application to Typing and Quality Verification of Cells. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1810-1816. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Shinchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Kagoshima University 1-21-40 Kohrimoto Kagoshima 890-0065 Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamura
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Kagoshima University 1-21-40 Kohrimoto Kagoshima 890-0065 Japan
| | - Hayato Ota
- Graduate School of Engineering Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi Hachioji Tokyo 192-8577 Japan
| | - Shoko Nishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi Hachioji Tokyo 192-8577 Japan
| | - Masahiro Wakao
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Kagoshima University 1-21-40 Kohrimoto Kagoshima 890-0065 Japan
| | - Yasuo Suda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Kagoshima University 1-21-40 Kohrimoto Kagoshima 890-0065 Japan
- SUDx-Biotec Corporation 1-42-1 Shiroyama Kagoshima 890-0013 Japan
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4
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Paradoxical effects of the epigenetic modifiers 5-aza-deoxycytidine and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid on adipogenesis. Differentiation 2019; 106:1-8. [PMID: 30818187 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is an important biological process that is linked to obesity and metabolic disorders. On the other hand, fat regeneration is crucial as a restorative approach following mastectomy or severe burn injury. Furthermore, optimizing an in-vitro model of adipogenesis, which would help in understanding the possible effects and/or side effects of fat-soluble drugs and anti-obesity remedies, in addition to the developmental studies. Epigenetic is an important factor that is involved in cellular differentiation and commitment. This study aimed at investigating the effect of DNA methylation and histone deactylases inhibitors, 5-Aza-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) and Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), on the adipogenic differentiation process. The two modifiers were applied according to our previously published protocol, followed by three cycles of a classical, two-step adipogenesis protocol. The cells pretreated with SAHA showed enhanced expression of the many adipogenic genes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ as well as the accumulation of intracytoplasmic fat as shown by oil red and Nile red staining and the secretion of adipokines, such as MCP-1 and IP-10. On contrary, 5-Aza-dC inhibited all these markers. In conclusion, adding the reported step with SAHA to the differentiation protocols could have an impact on the progress of the in-vitro fat regenerative approach. The possible role of 5-Aza-dC in the inhibition of adipogenesis can be of clinical interest and will need further characterization in the future.
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5
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Gatie MI, Kelly GM. Metabolic profile and differentiation potential of extraembryonic endoderm-like cells. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:42. [PMID: 30302276 PMCID: PMC6158286 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism has a crucial role for providing substrates required to generate ATP and regulate the epigenetic landscape. We reported that F9 embryonal carcinoma stem-like cells require cytosolic reactive oxygen species to differentiate into extraembryonic endoderm; however, mitochondrial sources were not examined. To extend these studies, we examined the metabolic profile of early and late-passage F9 cells, and show that their ability to differentiate is similar, even though each population has dramatically different metabolic profiles. Differentiated early-passage cells relied on glycolysis, while differentiated late-passage cells transitioned towards oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Unexpectedly, electron transport chain protein stoichiometry was disrupted in differentiated late-passage cells, whereas genes encoding mitofusion 1 and 2, which promote mitochondrial fusion and favor OXPHOS, were upregulated in differentiated early-passage cells. Despite this, early-passage cells cultured under conditions to promote glycolysis showed enhanced differentiation, whereas promoting OXPHOS in late-passage cells showed a similar trend. Further analysis revealed that the distinct metabolic profiles seen between the two populations is largely associated with changes in genomic integrity, linking metabolism to passage number. Together, these results indicate that passaging has no effect on the potential for F9 cells to differentiate into extraembryonic endoderm; however, it does impact their metabolic profile. Thus, it is imperative to determine the molecular and metabolic status of a stem cell population before considering its utility as a therapeutic tool for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Gatie
- 1Department of Biology, Collaborative Graduate Specialization in Developmental Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada
| | - Gregory M Kelly
- 1Department of Biology, Collaborative Graduate Specialization in Developmental Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada.,2Department of Paediatrics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada.,3Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada.,Child Health Research Institute, London, ON Canada.,5Ontario Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto, ON Canada
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6
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Shi H, Drummond CA, Fan X, Haller ST, Liu J, Malhotra D, Tian J. Hiding inside? Intracellular expression of non-glycosylated c-kit protein in cardiac progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res 2016; 16:795-806. [PMID: 27161312 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells including c-kit(+) cells and cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) play important roles in cardiac repair and regeneration. CDCs were reported to contain only small subpopulations of c-kit(+) cells and recent publications suggested that depletion of the c-kit(+) subpopulation of cells has no effect on regenerative properties of CDCs. However, our current study showed that the vast majority of CDCs from murine heart actually express c-kit, albeit, in an intracellular and non-glycosylated form. Immunostaining and flow cytometry showed that the fluorescent signal indicative of c-kit immunostaining significantly increased when cell membranes were permeabilized. Western blots further demonstrated that glycosylation of c-kit was increased during endothelial differentiation in a time dependent manner. Glycosylation inhibition by 1-deoxymannojirimycin hydrochloride (1-DMM) blocked c-kit glycosylation and reduced expression of endothelial cell markers such as Flk-1 and CD31 during differentiation. Pretreatment of these cells with a c-kit kinase inhibitor (imatinib mesylate) also attenuated Flk-1 and CD31 expression. These results suggest that c-kit glycosylation and its kinase activity are likely needed for these cells to differentiate into an endothelial lineage. In vivo, we found that intracellular c-kit expressing cells are located in the wall of cardiac blood vessels in mice subjected to myocardial infarction. In summary, our work demonstrated for the first time that c-kit is not only expressed in CDCs but may also directly participate in CDC differentiation into an endothelial lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Shi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Christopher A Drummond
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Xiaoming Fan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Steven T Haller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jiang Liu
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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Salabei JK, Lorkiewicz PK, Holden CR, Li Q, Hong KU, Bolli R, Bhatnagar A, Hill BG. Glutamine Regulates Cardiac Progenitor Cell Metabolism and Proliferation. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2613-27. [PMID: 25917428 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autologous transplantation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) alleviates myocardial dysfunction in the damaged heart; however, the mechanisms that contribute to their reparative qualities remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined CPC metabolism to elucidate the metabolic pathways that regulate their proliferative capacity. In complete growth medium, undifferentiated CPCs isolated from adult mouse heart proliferated rapidly (Td = 13.8 hours). CPCs expressed the Glut1 transporter and their glycolytic rate was increased by high extracellular glucose (Glc) concentration, in the absence of insulin. Although high Glc concentrations did not stimulate proliferation, glutamine (Gln) increased CPC doubling time and promoted survival under conditions of oxidative stress. In comparison with Glc, pyruvate (Pyr) or BSA-palmitate, Gln, when provided as the sole metabolic substrate, increased ATP-linked and uncoupled respiration. Although fatty acids were not used as respiratory substrates when present as a sole carbon source, Gln-induced respiration was doubled in the presence of BSA-palmitate, suggesting that Gln stimulates fatty acid oxidation. Additionally, Gln promoted rapid phosphorylation of the mTORC1 substrate, p70S6k, as well as retinoblastoma protein, followed by induction of cyclin D1 and cdk4. Inhibition of either mTORC1 or glutaminolysis was sufficient to diminish CPC proliferation, and provision of cell permeable α-ketoglutarate in the absence of Gln increased both respiration and cell proliferation, indicating a key role of Gln anaplerosis in cell growth. These findings suggest that Gln, by enhancing mitochondrial function and stimulating mTORC1, increases CPC proliferation, and that interventions to increase Gln uptake or oxidation may improve CPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Salabei
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Pawel K Lorkiewicz
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Candice R Holden
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Qianhong Li
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kyung U Hong
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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8
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Hao J, Li W, Dan J, Ye X, Wang F, Zeng X, Wang L, Wang H, Cheng Y, Liu L, Shui W. Reprogramming- and pluripotency-associated membrane proteins in mouse stem cells revealed by label-free quantitative proteomics. J Proteomics 2013; 86:70-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Mathew J, Loranger A, Gilbert S, Faure R, Marceau N. Keratin 8/18 regulation of glucose metabolism in normal versus cancerous hepatic cells through differential modulation of hexokinase status and insulin signaling. Exp Cell Res 2012; 319:474-86. [PMID: 23164509 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As differentiated cells, hepatocytes primarily metabolize glucose for ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation of glycolytic pyruvate, whereas proliferative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells undergo a metabolic shift to aerobic glycolysis despite oxygen availability. Keratins, the intermediate filament (IF) proteins of epithelial cells, are expressed as pairs in a lineage/differentiation manner. Hepatocyte and HCC (hepatoma) cell IFs are made solely of keratins 8/18 (K8/K18), thus providing models of choice to address K8/K18 IF functions in normal and cancerous epithelial cells. Here, we demonstrate distinctive increases in glucose uptake, glucose-6-phosphate formation, lactate release, and glycogen formation in K8/K18 IF-lacking hepatocytes and/or hepatoma cells versus their respective IF-containing counterparts. We also show that the K8/K18-dependent glucose uptake/G6P formation is linked to alterations in hexokinase I/II/IV content and localization at mitochondria, with little effect on GLUT1 status. In addition, we find that the insulin-stimulated glycogen formation in normal hepatocytes involves the main PI-3 kinase-dependent signaling pathway and that the K8/K18 IF loss makes them more efficient glycogen producers. In comparison, the higher insulin-dependent glycogen formation in K8/K18 IF-lacking hepatoma cells is associated with a signaling occurring through a mTOR-dependent pathway, along with an augmentation in cell proliferative activity. Together, the results uncover a key K8/K18 regulation of glucose metabolism in normal and cancerous hepatic cells through differential modulations of mitochondrial HK status and insulin-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Mathew
- Centre de recherche en cancérologie de l'Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHUQ (L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec), 9 McMahon, Québec, Qc, Canada G1R 2J6
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10
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Paulose JK, Rucker EB, Cassone VM. Toward the beginning of time: circadian rhythms in metabolism precede rhythms in clock gene expression in mouse embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49555. [PMID: 23155474 PMCID: PMC3498230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance, progression, and potential role for circadian rhythms during early development have previously focused mainly on the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and peri- and postnatal expression of canonical clock genes. More recently, gene expression studies in embryonic stem cells have shown that some clock genes are expressed in undifferentiated cells; however rhythmicity was only established when cells are directed toward a neural fate. These studies also concluded that a functional clock is not present in ESCs, based solely on their gene expression. The null hypothesis underlying the present study is that embryonic stem cells become rhythmic in both clock gene expression and glucose utilization only when allowed to spontaneously differentiate. Undifferentiated stem cells (ESCs, n = 6 cultures/timepoint for all experiments) were either maintained in their pluripotent state or released into differentiation (dESCs, n = 6 cultures/timepoint for all experiments). Glucose utilization was assayed through 2-deoxyglucose uptake measurement, and clock gene and glucose transporter expression was assayed every 4 hours for 2 days in ESCs and dESCs by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in the same cell lysates. Undifferentiated stem cells expressed a self-sustained rhythm in glucose uptake that was not coincident with rhythmic expression of clock genes. This physiological rhythm was paralleled by glucose transporter mRNA expression. Upon differentiation, circadian patterns of some but not all clock genes were expressed, and the amplitude of the glucose utilization rhythm was enhanced in dESCs. These data provide the earliest evidence of a functional circadian clock, in addition to further challenging the idea that rhythmic transcription of clock genes are necessary for rhythmic physiological output and suggest a role for a clock-controlled physiology in the earliest stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiffin K. Paulose
- Department of Biology, Center for Research on Biological Clocks, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Edmund B. Rucker
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Vincent M. Cassone
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Segev H, Fishman B, Schulman R, Itskovitz-Eldor J. The Expression of the Class 1 Glucose Transporter Isoforms in Human Embryonic Stem Cells, and the Potential Use of GLUT2 as a Marker for Pancreatic Progenitor Enrichment. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:1653-61. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Segev
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Betina Fishman
- Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Present affiliation: Stem Cell Therapeutics Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rita Schulman
- Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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12
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Kim MO, Lee YJ, Park JH, Ryu JM, Yun SP, Han HJ. PKA and cAMP stimulate proliferation of mouse embryonic stem cells by elevating GLUT1 expression mediated by the NF-κB and CREB/CBP signaling pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1636-46. [PMID: 22658979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulation of glucose transporter (GLUT) expression and activity plays a vital role in the supply of glucose to embryonic stem (ES) cells. METHODS To observe the effect of 6-phenyl cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) on glucose uptake and cell proliferation, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation were carried out. RESULTS Among GLUT isoforms in mouse ES cells, GLUT1 was predominantly expressed and 6-phenyl cAMP increased GLUT mRNA levels. Among cAMP agonists, 6-phenyl cAMP increased 2-DG uptake more than that of 8-p-chlorophenylthio-2'-O-methyl-cAMP. 6-Phenyl cAMP increased GLUT1 expression and translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. 6-Phenyl cAMP increased 2-DG uptake in a time- and concentration-dependent manner due to an increase in V(max) but not K(m). 6-Phenyl cAMP increased phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and cAMP response element binding (CREB) and expression of the CREB protein (CBP) and transducer of regulated CREB activity 2 (TORC2) in sequence. 6-Phenyl cAMP induced complex formation of NF-κB/CREB/CBP/TORC2, which are involved in the increase of gluconeogenic enzyme expression. 6-Phenyl cAMP also increased cell cycle regulatory protein expression levels, the proportion of S-phase cells, and proto-oncogene expression via protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent NF-κB signaling. Finally, GLUT1 siRNA blocked the 6-phenyl cAMP-induced increase in ES cell proliferation. We conclude that PKA stimulated the complex formation of CREB/CBP/TORC2 via NF-κB, which induced effective coordination of glucose uptake as well as proliferation in ES cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE 6-Phenyl cAMP-induced PKA activation modified the proliferation, which may be beneficial for expanding ES cell use to cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ok Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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13
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Thieme R, Ramin N, Fischer S, Püschel B, Fischer B, Santos AN. Gastrulation in rabbit blastocysts depends on insulin and insulin-like-growth-factor 1. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 348:112-9. [PMID: 21827825 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like-growth-factor 1 (IGF1) are components of the uterine secretions. As potent growth factors they influence early embryo development. The underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we report on the effects of insulin and IGF1 on early gastrulation in rabbit blastocysts. We have studied blastocysts grown in vivo in metabolically healthy rabbits, in rabbits with type 1 diabetes and in vitro in the presence or absence of insulin or IGF1. Embryonic disc morphology and expression of Brachyury, Wnt3a and Wnt4 were analysed by qPCR and IHC. Pre-gastrulated blastocysts (stage 0/1) cultured with insulin or IGF1 showed a significantly higher capacity to form the posterior mesoderm and primitive streak (stage 2 and 3) than blastocysts cultured without growth factors. In gastrulating blastocysts the levels of the mesoderm-specific transcription factor Brachyury and the Wnt signalling molecules Wnt3a and Wnt4 showed a stage-specific expression pattern with Brachyury transcripts increasing from stage 0/1 to 3. Wnt4 protein was found spread over the whole embryoblast. Insulin induced Wnt3a, Wnt4 and Brachyury expression in a temporal- and stage-specific pattern. Only blastocysts cultured with insulin reached the Wnt3a, Wnt4 and Brachyury expression levels of stage 2 in vivo blastocysts, indicating that insulin is required for Wnt3a, Wnt4 and Brachyury expression during gastrulation. Insulin-induced Wnt3a and Wnt4 expression preceded Brachyury. Wnt3a-induced expression could be depleted by MEK1 inhibition (PD98059). Involvement of insulin in embryonic Wnt3a expression was further shown in vivo with Wnt3a expression being notably down regulated in stage 2 blastocysts from rabbits with type 1 diabetes. Blastocysts grown in diabetic rabbits are retarded in development, a finding which supports our current results that insulin is highly likely required for early mesoderm formation in rabbit blastocysts by inducing a distinct spatiotemporal expression profile of Wnt3a, Wnt4 and Brachyury.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Thieme
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Faculty of Medicine, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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14
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Lu Y, Su Z, Li Y, Luo J, Tan Z, Ji H, Zhu W, Yu G, Chen L, Zhang M. Generation and characterisation of rabbit monoclonal antibodies against the native cell surface antigens of embryonic stem cells. J Genet Genomics 2011; 37:483-92. [PMID: 20659713 DOI: 10.1016/s1673-8527(09)60068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 05/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are potent resources for cell therapy, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against native cell surface markers of ES cells could be useful tools for therapeutic applications. Here, we report the development of a feasible approach, which could be used in mass production, for experimentally producing rabbit mAbs against native cell surface antigens on the cell surface. Two of the 14 mAbs, which were selected at random, could be bound to the cell surface antigens of mES cells. The immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Western blot results showed that mAb 39 recognises conformational epitopes. The target antigen of mAb 39 was then successfully purified using an improved immunoprecipitation approach in which mAb was bounded to intact mES cells before the cells were lysed. The LC-LTQ mass spectrum analysis showed that the target antigen of mAb 39 was Glut3. This result was further confirmed by Western blot using commercially available antibodies against Glut3. Further experiments showed that mAb 39 exhibited an antiproliferative effect on mES cells. We also found that Glut3 was differentially expressed among the mES cell population as detected by flow cytometry.
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15
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Harkness L, Christiansen H, Nehlin J, Barington T, Andersen JS, Kassem M. Identification of a membrane proteomic signature for human embryonic stem cells independent of culture conditions. Stem Cell Res 2008; 1:219-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2008.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Shan ZY, Shen JL, Li QM, Wang Y, Huang XY, Guo TY, Liu HW, Lei L, Jin LH. pCREB is involved in neural induction of mouse embryonic stem cells by RA. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2008; 291:519-26. [PMID: 18383274 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells can be induced by various chemicals to differentiate into a variety of cell types in vitro. In our study, retinoic acid (RA), one of the most important inducers, used at a concentration of 5 microM, was found to induce the differentiation of ES cells into neural progenitor cells (NPCs). During embryoid body (EB) differentiation, the level of active cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) was relatively high when 5 microM RA treatment was performed. Inhibition of CREB activity committed EBs to becoming other germ layers, whereas increased expression of CREB enhanced NPC differentiation. Moreover, RA increased the expression of active CREB by enhancing the activity of JNK. Our research suggests that CREB plays a role in RA-induced NPC differentiation by increasing the expression of active JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yan Shan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, China
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Navarrete Santos A, Ramin N, Tonack S, Fischer B. Cell lineage-specific signaling of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I in rabbit blastocysts. Endocrinology 2008; 149:515-24. [PMID: 17962341 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-0821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The insulin/IGF system plays a critical role in embryo growth and development. We have investigated the expression of insulin receptor (IR) and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and the activation of their downstream pathways in rabbit 6-d-old blastocysts. IR was expressed in embryoblast (Em, inner cell mass) and trophoblast (Tr) cells, whereas IGF-IR was localized mainly in Em. Isoform A (IR-A) represents the main insulin isoform in blastocysts and was found in Em and Tr cells. IR-B was detectable only in Tr. IR/IGF-IR signaling pathways were analyzed after stimulation with insulin (17 nm) or IGF-I (1.3 nm) in cultured blastocysts. Insulin stimulated Erk1/2 in Em and Tr and Akt in Tr but not in Em. IGF-I activated both kinases exclusively in Em. The target genes c-fos (for MAPK kinase-1/Erk signaling) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK, for PI3K/Akt signaling) were also specifically regulated. Insulin down-regulated PEPCK RNA amounts in Tr by activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. Expression of c-fos by insulin and IGF-I was different with respect to time and fortitude of expression, mirroring again the specific IR and IGF-IR expression patterns in Em and Tr. Taken together, we show that IGF-I acts primarily mitogenic, an effect that is cell lineage-specifically restricted to the Em. By contrast, insulin is the growth factor of the Tr stimulating mitogenesis and down-regulating metabolic responses. As soon as blastocyst differentiation in Em and Tr has been accomplished, insulin and IGF-I signaling is different in both cell lineages, implying a different developmental impact of both growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Navarrete Santos
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Faculty of Medicine, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, D-06108, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Kim JM, Jeong D, Kang HK, Jung SY, Kang SS, Min BM. Osteoclast precursors display dynamic metabolic shifts toward accelerated glucose metabolism at an early stage of RANKL-stimulated osteoclast differentiation. Cell Physiol Biochem 2007; 20:935-46. [PMID: 17982276 DOI: 10.1159/000110454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature osteoclasts have an increased citric acid cycle and mitochondrial respiration to generate high ATP production and ultimately lead to bone resorption. However, changes in metabolic pathways during osteoclast differentiation have not been fully illustrated. We report that glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation characterized by glucose and oxygen consumption as well as lactate production were increased during receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis from RAW264.7 and bone marrow-derived macrophage cells. Cell proliferation and differentiation varied according to glucose concentrations (0 to 100 mM). Maximal cell growth occurred at 20 mM glucose concentration and differentiation occurred at 5 mM concentration. Despite the similar growth rates exhibited when cultured cells were exposed to either 5 mM or 40 mM glucose, their differentiation was markedly decreased in high glucose concentrations. This finding suggests the possibility that osteoclastogenesis could be regulated by changes in metabolic substrate concentrations. To further address the effect of metabolic shift on osteoclastogenesis, we exposed cultured cells to pyruvate, which is capable of promoting mitochondrial respiration. Treatment of pyruvate synergistically increased osteoclastogenesis through the activation of RANKL-stimulated signals (ERK and JNK). We also found that osteoclastogenesis was retarded by blocking ATP production with either the inhibitors of mitochondrial complexes, such as rotenone and antimycin A, or the inhibitor of ATP synthase, oligomycin. Taken together, these results indicate that glucose metabolism during osteoclast differentiation is accelerated and that a metabolic shift towards mitochondrial respiration allows high ATP production and induces enhanced osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Man Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Craniomaxillofacial Reconstructive Sciences, Dental Research Institute, and BK21 CLS, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Tonack S, Kind K, Thompson JG, Wobus AM, Fischer B, Santos AN. Dioxin affects glucose transport via the arylhydrocarbon receptor signal cascade in pluripotent embryonic carcinoma cells. Endocrinology 2007; 148:5902-12. [PMID: 17872374 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intoxication by dioxins such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) leads, among other damages, to early embryo loss, fetal malformations, and cardiovascular toxicity. Apart from binding to the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the mechanism of TCDD-mediated embryo toxicity is still unclear. We investigated possible modes of a TCDD-mediated toxicity, particularly in glucose metabolism, in pluripotent P19 mouse embryonic carcinoma cells. Undifferentiated P19 cells were exposed to 1-100 nM TCDD and characterized for AhR signaling. For studying cell differentiation, P19 cells were exposed to 10 nM TCDD at stage of embryoid body formation, and analyzed on glucose metabolism and cardiac differentiation during the next 3 wk. TCDD treatment activated the AhR-signaling cascade within 1 h, confirmed by AhR translocation, induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 expression, and activation of the xenobiotic response element. Although cell viability and transcription of the cardiac marker protein alpha-myosin heavy chain were affected, TCDD did not inhibit the differentiation of P19 cells to pulsating cardiomyocytes. TCDD significantly down-regulated the expression levels of the glucose transporter (GLUT) isoforms 1 and 3. After 24-h TCDD treatment, GLUT1 was no longer localized in the plasma membrane of P19 cells. The impaired GLUT expression correlated with a lower glucose uptake in 5-d-old embryoid bodies. The TCDD effects were mediated by AhR, as shown by preculture with the AhR antagonist alpha-naphthoflavone. Our data demonstrate that an AhR-mediated disturbance in GLUT expression and insufficient glucose uptake may be major mechanisms in TCDD embryo toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tonack
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Faculty of Medicine, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, D-06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
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