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Luo X, Wu G, Feng J, Zhang J, Fu H, Yu H, Han Z, Nie W, Zhu Z, Liu B, Pan W, Li B, Wang Y, Zhang C, Li T, Zhang W, Wu S. Novel pleuromutilin derivatives conjugated with phenyl-sulfide and boron-containing moieties as potent antibacterial agents against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 277:116745. [PMID: 39106659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
In response to the escalating threat of microbial resistance, a series of novel pleuromutilin derivatives, conjugated with phenyl-sulfide and boron-containing moieties, were designed and synthesized. Most derivatives, especially 14b and 16b, demonstrated significant efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains, as well as pleuromutilin-resistant strains. Compound 16b showed high stability in the liver microsomes of rats and humans, along with acceptable tolerance in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, compound 16b exhibited promising efficacy in MRSA-infected mouse models. Our data highlight the potential of conjugated pleuromutilin derivatives as valuable agents against drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guangxu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Jing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hengjian Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zunsheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wansen Nie
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zihao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Weidong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tianlei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Song Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Zhou X, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Yi Y, Yuan R, Pu W, Wang S, Shang R. Antimicrobial activity, safety and pharmacokinetics evaluation of PMTM: A novel pleuromutilin candidate. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117378. [PMID: 39241564 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of infections by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has led to dramatically increased mortality and threated the public health worldwide. Pleuromutilin compound 14-O-[(4-(pyrrolidine-1-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine-2-yl) thioacetyl] mutilin (PMTM) is a new antibacterial agent with excellent antibacterial efficacy against Gram positive bacteria. For further developing PMTM as a potential drug against MRSA infections, the in vitro antibacterial efficacy and preclinical safety were explored in this study. The results revealed that PMTM presented the higher anti-MRSA activity, increasing post-antibiotic effect (PAE) and limited potential to develop resistance. In safety evaluation, PMTM demonstrated low cytotoxicity, poor hemolytic activity, tolerable oral acute toxic effects in rats, devoid of mutagenic response and weak inhibitory potential on CYP3A4, but displayed moderate potential hERG K+ channel inhibition. Furthermore, two salts of PMTM with sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid were prepared and confirmed. The sulfate salt of PMTM exhibited the highest solubility based on powder dissolution experiments and was chosen to evaluate pharmacokinetics properties, in which it displayed improved mouse pharmacokinetics parameters and oral bioavailability. The present study successfully provides a good foundation of PMTM for new antibacterial drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yunpeng Yi
- Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, Shandong 250023, China
| | - Ruili Yuan
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Wanxia Pu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
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Liu Y, Zhou Q, Huo Y, Sun X, Hu J. Recent advances in developing modified C14 side chain pleuromutilins as novel antibacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116313. [PMID: 38503168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the increasing resistance to most existing antimicrobial drugs, research has shifted towards developing novel antimicrobial agents with mechanisms of action distinct from those of current clinical options. Pleuromutilins are antibiotics known for their distinct mechanism of action, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the peptidyl transferase center of the ribosome. Recent studies have revealed that pleuromutilin derivatives can disrupt bacterial cell membranes, thereby enhancing antibacterial efficacy. Both marketed pleuromutilin derivatives and those in clinical trials have been developed by structurally modifying the pleuromutilin C14 side chain to improve their antimicrobial activity. Therefore, this review aims to review advancement in the chemical structural characteristics, antibacterial activities, and structure-activity relationship studies of pleuromutilins, specifically focusing on modifications made to the C14 side chain in recent years. These findings provide a valuable reference for future research and development of pleuromutilins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Shandong Second Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Qinjiang Zhou
- Shandong Second Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Yiwen Huo
- Shandong Second Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Sun
- Shandong Second Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Jinxing Hu
- Shandong Second Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China.
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Liu Q, Zhang H, Yi Y, Wang P, Pu W, Wang S, Shang R. Synthesis and evaluation of novel pleuromutilin derivatives targeting the 50S ribosomal subunit for antibacterial ability. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115882. [PMID: 37879170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, have become a major global public health concern. Therefore, developing new antibiotics that do not possess cross-resistance for the currently available antibiotics is critical. Herein, we synthesized a novel class of pleuromutilin derivatives containing substituted triazine with improved antibacterial activity. Among these derivatives, 6d, which contains 4-dimethylamino-1,3,5-triazine in the side chain of pleuromutilin, exhibited highly promising antimicrobial activity and mitigated antibiotic resistance. The high antibacterial potency of 6d was further supported by docking model analysis and green fluorescent protein inhibition assay. Additionally, cytotoxicity and acute oral toxicity evaluation and in vivo mouse systemic infection experiments revealed that 6d possessed tolerable toxicity and promising therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - YunPeng Yi
- Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, 202 Gongyebeilu, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Wanxia Pu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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Ren J, Zhang QW, He XJ, Chen XY, Zhou ZD, Zeng ZL, Jin Z, Tang YZ. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study of novel pleuromutilin derivatives containing substituted benzoxazole as antibacterial agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2251712. [PMID: 37664987 PMCID: PMC10478630 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2251712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of pleuromutilin analogs containing substituted benzoxazole were designed, synthesised, and assessed for their antibacterial activity both in vivo and in vitro. The MIC of the synthesised derivatives was initially assessed using the broth dilution method against four strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA ATCC 43300, S. aureus ATCC 29213, clinical isolation of S. aureus AD3 and S. aureus 144). Most of the synthesised derivatives displayed prominent in vitro activity (MIC ≤ 0.5 µg/mL). Compounds 50 and 57 exhibited the most effective antibacterial effect against MRSA (MIC = 0.125 µg/mL). Furthermore, the time-kill curves showed that compounds 50 and 57 had a certain inhibitory effect against MRSA in vitro. The in vivo antibacterial activity of compound 50 was evaluated further using a murine thigh model infected with MRSA (-1.24 log10CFU/mL). Compound 50 exhibited superior antibacterial efficacy to tiamulin. It was also found that compound 50 did not display significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells. Molecular docking study revealed that compound 50 can effectively bind to the active site of the 50S ribosome (the binding free energy -7.50 kcal/mol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Wen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Jin He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Dan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Ling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - You-Zhi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Zhou Y, Yi Y, Yang J, Zhang H, Liu Q, Wang S, Pu W, Shang R. Anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus activity and safety evaluation of 14-O-[(5-ethoxycarbonyl-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2-yl) thioacetyl] mutilin (EDT). Sci Rep 2023; 13:15267. [PMID: 37709940 PMCID: PMC10502144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have threated the public health worldwide, which emphasizes the urgent need for new drugs with novel mechanism of actions. 14-O-[(5-ethoxycarbonyl-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2-yl) thioacetyl] mutilin (EDT) is a pleuromutilin compound with high activity against several Gram-positive bacteria in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to verifying the potential anti-MRSA activity and evaluating the safety of EDT. In in vitro antibacterial activity assays, EDT exhibited potent antibacterial activity against MRSA isolated from clinic (minimum inhibitory concentration = 0.0313-0.125 μg/mL), increased post-antibiotic effect (PAE) values and limited potential for the development of resistance. Docking model and green fluorescent protein (GFP) inhibition assay further elucidated the higher antibacterial activities of EDT via mechanism of action. In safety evaluation, EDT exhibited low cytotoxic effect and acute oral toxicity in mice and avoided to significantly increase the number of revertant colonies of six tested strains in the Ames study. Furthermore, EDT displayed a moderate inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 and moderate stability in mouse and human liver microsomes, providing a promising agent for the development of new antimicrobial candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, No. 335, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Yi
- Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, 250023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Gansu Analysis and Research Center, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, No. 335, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, No. 335, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, No. 335, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanxia Pu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, No. 335, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, No. 335, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.
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Stojković D, Petrović J, Carević T, Soković M, Liaras K. Synthetic and Semisynthetic Compounds as Antibacterials Targeting Virulence Traits in Resistant Strains: A Narrative Updated Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:963. [PMID: 37370282 PMCID: PMC10295040 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12060963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review paper provides an up-to-date overview of the potential of novel synthetic and semisynthetic compounds as antibacterials that target virulence traits in resistant strains. The review focused on research conducted in the last five years and investigated a range of compounds including azoles, indoles, thiophenes, glycopeptides, pleuromutilin derivatives, lactone derivatives, and chalcones. The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains is a growing public health concern, and new approaches are urgently needed to combat this threat. One promising approach is to target virulence factors, which are essential for bacterial survival and pathogenesis, but not for bacterial growth. By targeting virulence factors, it may be possible to reduce the severity of bacterial infections without promoting the development of resistance. We discuss the mechanisms of action of the various compounds investigated and their potential as antibacterials. The review highlights the potential of targeting virulence factors as a promising strategy to combat antibiotic resistance and suggests that further research is needed to identify new compounds and optimize their efficacy. The findings of this review suggest that novel synthetic and semisynthetic compounds that target virulence factors have great potential as antibacterials in the fight against antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Stojković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (J.P.); (T.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Jovana Petrović
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (J.P.); (T.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Tamara Carević
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (J.P.); (T.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Marina Soković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (J.P.); (T.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Konstantinos Liaras
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Xia J, Xin L, Li J, Tian L, Wu K, Zhang S, Yan W, Li H, Zhao Q, Liang C. Discovery of Quaternized Pyridine-Thiazole-Pleuromutilin Derivatives with Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial and Potent Anti-MRSA Activity. J Med Chem 2023; 66:5061-5078. [PMID: 37051724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The quaternization of compounds has emerged as a promising molecular design strategy for the development of antibiotics. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, antibacterial activities, and structure-activity relationships of a series of novel pleuromutilin derivatives containing a quaternary amine C-14 side chain. Most of these derivatives exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria. 10b was the most effective antibacterial agent that displayed excellent antibacterial activity against five clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates, remarkable antimycoplasma activity, rapid bactericidal effects, and a strong ability to damage bacterial biofilms. Further mechanistic studies indicated that 10b destroyed bacterial cell membranes to exert its antibacterial effects. Moreover, 10b exhibited high survival protection and potent in vivo antibacterial efficacy (ED50 = 4.94 mg/kg) in a mouse model of systemic MRSA infection. These findings suggest that 10b is a promising candidate for the treatment of multi-drug-resistant infectious diseases, especially MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xia
- Laboratory of Hematologic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, P. R. China
| | - Liang Xin
- School of Biology and Medicine, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Li
- School of Biology and Medicine, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tian
- School of Biology and Medicine, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Kangxiong Wu
- School of Biology and Medicine, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Shaojun Zhang
- School of Biology and Medicine, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- School of Biology and Medicine, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Han Li
- School of Biology and Medicine, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- School of Biology and Medicine, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- School of Biology and Medicine, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
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9
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Guo C, Dai H, Zhang M, Liao H, Zhang R, Chen B, Han J, Liu H. Molecular networking assisted discovery and combinatorial biosynthesis of new antimicrobial pleuromutilins. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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10
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Zhou Y, Yi Y, Wang J, Yang Z, Liu Q, Pu W, Shang R. Discovery of novel pleuromutilin derivatives as potent antibacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114403. [PMID: 35472849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Novel pleuromutilin derivatives with 3,4-dihydropyrimidin and pyrimidine moieties were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antibacterial activities. Most of the synthesized derivatives, especially the compounds bearing the pyrimidine moieties, exhibited potent antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BNCC 337371 (MRSA-337371), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (S. aureus-25923) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 51625 (MRSE-51625). Compounds 5a, 5g and 5h exerted the excellent antibacterial activities and selected to evaluate their bacterial killing kinetics. Compound 5h displayed the highest antibacterial activities with bacteriostatic activities against MRSA and further evaluated its efficacy in mouse systemic infection. The results showed that compound 5h exhibited potent in vivo antibacterial effects to significantly improve the survival rate of mice (ED50 = 16.14 mg/kg), reduce the bacterial load and alleviate the pathological changes in the lungs of the affected mice. Furthermore, molecular docking studies revealed that the selected compounds successfully localized in the pocket of 50S ribosomal subunit and the formed hydrogen bonds were the main interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
| | - Yunpeng Yi
- Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, 202 Gongyebeilu Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China.
| | - Jiangkun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Qinqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Wanxia Pu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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11
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Wang X, Wang R, Zhang ZS, Zhang GY, Jin Z, Shen R, Du D, Tang YZ. Semisynthetic pleuromutilin antimicrobials with therapeutic potential against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by targeting 50S ribosomal subunit. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114341. [PMID: 35430480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A series of pleuromutilin analogs with a substituted 1,2,4-triazole were designed, synthesized and assessed for their in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity. Initially, the MIC of the synthesized derivatives against five strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA ATCC 43300, S. aureus ATCC 29213, clinical isolation of S. aureus AD3, S. aureus 144 and S. aureus SA17) were tested by the broth dilution method. Compounds 30a, 31b and 32a were the most active antibacterial agents in vitro against MRSA (MIC = 0.0625 μg/mL). The results of the time-kill curves showed that compounds 30a and 32a could reduce the amount of MRSA in vitro quickly (-7.70 log10 CFU/mL and -7.10 log10 CFU/mL reduction). In the experiment to further evaluate the in vivo antibacterial activity of compound 30a against MRSA, compound 30a (-1.71 log10 CFU/g) was effective in reducing MRSA load in thigh infected mice. Compound 30a (survival rate was 50%) displayed superior in vivo efficacy to that of tiamulin (survival rate was 30%) in the mouse systemic model. The results of further pharmacokinetic studies on compound 30a showed that the half-life (t1/2), clearance rate (Cl) and the area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC0→∞) of compound 30a were 0.37 h, 5.43 L/h/kg and 1.84 μg h/mL, respectively. After affinity measurement by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), compound 30a exhibited high affinity with the 50S ribosome, with KD value of 1.95 × 10-6 M. Furthermore, the results of molecular docking studies revealed that compound 30a was successfully localized inside the binding pocket of 50S ribosomal subunit (ΔGb = -9.40 kcal/mol). Meanwhile, most of these compounds had no significant inhibitory effect on RAW 264.7 cells and 16HBE cells at the concentration of 8 μg/mL. The obtained outcomes showed that compound 30a could be utilized as an encouraging perspective in the development of a new therapeutic candidate for bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Cancer Research Center, Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhao-Sheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guang-Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Rong Shen
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Dan Du
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - You-Zhi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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12
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Li B, Zhang Z, Zhang JF, Liu J, Zuo XY, Chen F, Zhang GY, Fang HQ, Jin Z, Tang YZ. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pleuromutilin-Schiff base hybrids as potent anti-MRSA agents in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113624. [PMID: 34153574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of pleuromutilin derivatives with 1,2,4-triazole-3-substituted Schiff base structure were designed and synthesized under mild conditions. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the synthesized derivatives against 4 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA ATCC 43300, S.aureus ATCC 29213, S.aureus 144 and S.aureus AD3) and 1 strain of E. coli (ATCC 25922) were evaluated by the broth dilution method. Among these derivatives, compound 60 exhibited superior in vitro antibacterial effect against MRSA (MIC = 0.25 μg/mL) than tiamulin (MIC = 0.5 μg/mL), and compound 60 (-2.28 log10 CFU/mL) also displayed superior in vivo antibacterial efficacy than tiamulin (-1.40 log10 CFU/mL) in reducing MRSA load in the mouse thigh infection model. The time-kill study and the post-antibiotic effect study indicated that compound 60 showed a faster bactericidal kinetic and longer PAE time (exposure to 2 × MIC and 4 × MIC for 2 h, the PAE was 4.06 and 4.27 h) against MRSA compared with tiamulin (exposure to 2 × MIC and 4 × MIC for 2 h, the PAE was 1.72 and 2.14 h). Meanwhile, most of these compounds had no significant inhibitory effect on RAW 264.7 cells and HepG2 cells at the concentration of 4 μg/mL. Additionally, the development of resistance study showed that MRSA did not easily develop resistance against compound 60 compared with tiamulin after induction for 8 passages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jian-Feng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Zuo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guang-Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Han-Qing Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - You-Zhi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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13
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Huang SY, Wang X, Shen DY, Chen F, Zhang GY, Zhang Z, Li K, Jin Z, Du D, Tang YZ. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pleuromutilin derivatives as potent anti-MRSA agents targeting the 50S ribosome. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 38:116138. [PMID: 33857737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel pleuromutilin derivatives were designed and synthesized with 1,2,4-triazole as the linker connected to benzoyl chloride analogues under mild conditions. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the synthesized derivatives against four strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA ATCC 43300, ATCC 29213, AD3 and 144) were tested by the broth dilution method. Most of the synthesized derivatives displayed potent activities, and 22-(3-amino-2-(4-methyl-benzoyl)-1,2,4-triazole-5-yl)-thioacetyl)-22-deoxypleuromutilin (compound 12) was found to be the most active antibacterial derivative against MRSA (MIC = 0.125 μg/mL). Furthermore, the time-kill curves showed compound 12 had a certain inhibitory effect against MRSA in vitro. The in vivo antibacterial activity of compound 12 was further evaluated using MRSA infected murine thigh model. Compound 12 exhibited superior antibacterial efficacy than tiamulin. It was also found that compound 12 had no significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells. Compound 12 was further evaluated in CYP450 inhibition assay and showed moderate inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 (IC50 = 3.95 μM). Moreover, seven candidate compounds showed different affinities with the 50S ribosome by SPR measurement. Subsequently, binding of compound 12 and 20 to the 50S ribosome was further investigated by molecular modeling. Three strong hydrogen bonds were formed through the interaction of compound 12 and 20 with 50S ribosome. The binding free energy of compound 12 and 20 with the ribosome was calculated to be -10.7 kcal/mol and -11.66 kcal/mol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ding-Yi Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guang-Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dan Du
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - You-Zhi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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14
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Zhang GY, Zhang Z, Li K, Liu J, Li B, Jin Z, Liu YH, Tang YZ. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pleuromutilin derivatives containing piperazine and 1,2,3-triazole linker. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104398. [PMID: 33137559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel pleuromutilin derivatives containing piperazine ring, 1, 2, 3-triazoles and secondary amines on the side chain of C14 were synthesized under mild conditions via click reaction. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the synthesized derivatives against four strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA ATCC 43300, ATCC 29213 ,144 and AD3) and one strain of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) were evaluated by the broth dilution method. Among these derivatives, 22-[2-(4-((4-nitrophenyl piperazine)methyl)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-1-(piperazine-1-yl) ethyl-1-one] deoxy pleuromutilin (compound 59) showed the most prominent in vitro antibacterial effect against MRSA (MIC = 1 μg/mL). Furthermore, compound 59 displayed more rapid bactericidal kinetic than tiamulin time-kill studies and possessed a longer PAE than tiamulin against MRSA in vitro. In addition, in vivo antibacterial activities of compound 59 against MRSA were further evaluated employing thigh infection model. And compound 59 (-8.89 log10 CFU/mL) displayed superior activities than tiamulin. Compound 59 was further evaluated in CYP450 inhibition assay and the results showed that it exhibited low to moderate inhibitory effects on CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes. The PK properties of compound 59 were then measured. The half-life (t1/2), clearance rate (Cl) and the area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC0→∞) of compound 59 were 0.74 h, 0.29 L/h/kg and 46.28 μg·h/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bo Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - You-Zhi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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15
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Fan Y, Liu Y, Wang H, Shi T, Cheng F, Hao B, Yi Y, Shang R. Novel pleuromutilin derivatives with substituted 6-methylpyrimidine: Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112735. [PMID: 32827940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel pleuromutilin derivatives with substituted 6-methylpyrimidine moieties was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antibacterial activities. Most of the tested compounds exhibited potent antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (S. aureus-25923), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 51625 (MRSE-51625), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BNCC 337371 (MRSA-337371), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (S. dysgalactiae) and Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae). Compounds 5c and 5g were the most active and displayed bacteriostatic activities against MRSA. In vivo mouse systemic infection experiment showed that 5c significantly improved the survival rate of mice (ED50 = 18.02 mg/kg), reduced the bacterial load and alleviated the pathological changes in the lungs of the affected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fan
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, No. 335, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, No. 335, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, No. 335, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Tao Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, No. 335, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Baocheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, No. 335, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yunpeng Yi
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, No. 335, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
| | - Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, No. 335, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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16
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Xie C, Zhang S, Zhang W, Wu C, Yong C, Sun Y, Zeng Z, Zhang Q, Huang Z, Chen T, Zhang Y. Synthesis, biological activities, and docking study of novel chalcone-pleuromutilin derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 96:836-849. [PMID: 32271987 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The issue of antibiotic resistance is becoming progressively serious these days, and the feasible solution to address it is to develop and discover novel antibiotics. The diterpene natural pleuromutilin is a prominent candidate for its special mode of action by inhibiting protein synthesis. In this study, a series of novel pleuromutilin derivatives with chalcone moiety was designed and synthesized, and their antibacterial activities were assessed in vitro. As suggested from the results, most of compounds exhibited potent activities against two methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 33591 and 43300. The further modification of the chalcone structure, aza-cyclic derivatives were afforded and then assessed, and potent activities against the tested strains were reported. The preliminary docking studies were conducted to explore the interactions between target molecules and binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xie
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunxia Wu
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Can Yong
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhao Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Qian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zixin Huang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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17
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Zhang B, Ma X, Li Y, Li S, Cheng J. Pleuromutilin Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of A2780 and Caov-3 Ovarian Carcinoma Cells and Growth of Mouse A2780 Tumor Xenografts by Down-Regulation of pFAK2. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920407. [PMID: 32041931 PMCID: PMC7034521 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleuromutilin is a natural tricyclic, derived from the fungus, Pleurotus mutilus. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pleuromutilin on migration and proliferation of A2780 and Caov-3 human ovarian carcinoma cells and the growth of A2780 tumor xenografts in mice and the molecular mechanisms involved. MATERIAL AND METHODS A2780 and Caov-3 human ovarian carcinoma cells were cultured with and without 40, 160, and 200 μM of pleuromutilin. The Edu fluorescence assay, the wound-healing assay, and Matrigel were used to measure A2780 and Caov-3 cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion in vitro, respectively. Western blot measured protein levels of FAK, p-FAK, MMP-2, and MMP-9. A2780 cells were injected subcutaneously into mice to determine the effects of pleuromutilin on the growth of tumor xenografts. RESULTS Pleuromutilin significantly reduced A2780 and Caov-3 cell proliferation at 48 h in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05), and at 200 μM, pleuromutilin reduced cell proliferation by 21.43% and 23.65%, respectively. Treatment of A2780 cells with pleuromutilin significantly reduced cell migration, invasion, and adhesion and the expression of p-FAK, MMP-2, and MMP-9 compared with untreated controls. In the mouse tumor xenograft model, treatment with pleuromutilin significantly reduced tumor size compared with the untreated group and inhibited tumor metastasis to the intestine, spleen, and peritoneal cavity. CONCLUSIONS In A2780 and Caov-3 human ovarian carcinoma cells, pleuromutilin inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion in a dose-dependent manner, and reduced tumor growth and metastases in a mouse A2780 cell tumor xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Gynecological Centre, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Department of Minimally Invasive Gynecological Centre, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Perinatal Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Sijing Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiumei Cheng
- Department of Minimally Invasive Gynecological Centre, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
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18
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Deng Y, Wang XZ, Huang SH, Li CH. Antibacterial activity evaluation of synthetic novel pleuromutilin derivatives in vitro and in experimental infection mice. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 162:194-202. [PMID: 30445267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel pleuromutilin derivatives embracing 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine moiety were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens as well as in vivo efficacy in lethal systemic infected mice. Most compounds displayed good in vitro potency against MSSA, MRSA, MSSE, MRSE and E. faecium (MIC = 0.0625-4 μg/mL), especially 15a, 15b and 15o showed excellent activity that even more active than the comparator valnemulin. The in vivo efficacy investigation exhibited compound 15a (ED50 = 16.0 mg/kg) had comparable activity to valnemulin (ED50 = 13.5 mg/kg). The results provided by the dose-response study demonstrated 15a can supply infected mice with 70% survival rate at dose of 40 mg/kg via intragastric (i.g.) administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deng
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences & Pharmaceuticals, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, 402460, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences & Pharmaceuticals, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, 402460, China
| | - Shu-Heng Huang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Cheng-Hong Li
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences & Pharmaceuticals, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, 402460, China.
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19
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Yi Y, Fu Y, Wang K, Shui Y, Cai J, Jia Z, Niu B, Liang J, Shang R. Synthesis and antibacterial activities of novel pleuromutilin derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1800155. [PMID: 30058185 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pleuromutilin derivatives 4a-h, 5a-g, and 6a-d were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1 H NMR, and 13 C NMR. All synthetic compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA, ATCC 43300), Pasteurella multocida (CVCC 408), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028). Most compounds with quaternary amine showed higher antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains. Among the screened compounds, compound 5a bearing an N,N,N-trimethyl group at the C-14 side chain of pleuromutilin was found to be the most active agent. Furthermore, preliminary molecular docking was performed to predict the binding interaction of the compounds in the binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Yi
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunxing Fu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keli Wang
- Shangdong Qilu King-Phar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | | | - Jing Cai
- Lanzhou Pulmonary Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhong Jia
- Lanzhou Pulmonary Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Biao Niu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianping Liang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
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Sun F, Zhang H, Gonzales GB, Zhou J, Li Y, Zhang J, Jin Y, Wang Z, Li Y, Cao X, Zhang S, Yang S. Unraveling the Metabolic Routes of Retapamulin: Insights into Drug Development of Pleuromutilins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:e02388-17. [PMID: 29358298 PMCID: PMC5913982 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02388-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Retapamulin, a semisynthetic pleuromutilin derivative, is exclusively used for the topical short-term medication of impetigo and staphylococcal infections. In the present study, we report that retapamulin is adequately and rapidly metabolized in vitro via various metabolic pathways, such as hydroxylation, including mono-, di-, and trihydroxylation, and demethylation. Like tiamulin and valnemulin, the major metabolic routes of retapamulin were hydroxylation at the 2β and 8α positions of the mutilin moiety. Moreover, in vivo metabolism concurred with the results of the in vitro assays. Additionally, we observed significant interspecies differences in the metabolism of retapamulin. Until now, modifying the side chain was the mainstream method for new drug discovery of the pleuromutilins. This approach, however, could not resolve the low bioavailability and short efficacy of the drugs. Considering the rapid metabolism of the pleuromutilins mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes, we propose that blocking the active metabolic site (C-2 and C-8 motif) or administering the drug in combination with cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibitors is a promising pathway in the development of novel pleuromutilin drugs with slow metabolism and long efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bee Products for Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Bee Products, Bee Product Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gerard Bryan Gonzales
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jinhui Zhou
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bee Products for Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Bee Products, Bee Product Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bee Products for Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Bee Products, Bee Product Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhen Zhang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bee Products for Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Bee Products, Bee Product Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Jin
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bee Products for Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Bee Products, Bee Product Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanshen Li
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyuan Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Suxia Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shupeng Yang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bee Products for Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Bee Products, Bee Product Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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21
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Yamane M, Minami A, Liu C, Ozaki T, Takeuchi I, Tsukagoshi T, Tokiwano T, Gomi K, Oikawa H. Biosynthetic Machinery of Diterpene Pleuromutilin Isolated from Basidiomycete Fungi. Chembiochem 2017; 18:2317-2322. [PMID: 28924980 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The diterpene pleuromutilin is a ribosome-targeting antibiotic isolated from basidiomycete fungi, such as Clitopilus pseudo-pinsitus. The functional characterization of all biosynthetic enzymes involved in pleuromutilin biosynthesis is reported and a biosynthetic pathway proposed. In vitro enzymatic reactions and mutational analysis revealed that a labdane-related diterpene synthase, Ple3, catalyzed two rounds of cyclization from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to premutilin possessing a characteristic 5-6-8-tricyclic carbon skeleton. Biotransformation experiments utilizing Aspergillus oryzae transformants possessing modification enzyme genes allowed the biosynthetic pathway from premutilin to pleuromutilin to be proposed. The present study sets the stage for the enzymatic synthesis of natural products isolated from basidiomycete fungi, which are a prolific source of structurally diverse and biologically active terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoka Yamane
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Atsushi Minami
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Taro Ozaki
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tae Tsukagoshi
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Tokiwano
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Katsuya Gomi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan
| | - Hideaki Oikawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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22
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Mu S, Liu H, Zhang L, Wang X, Xue F, Zhang Y. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Thioether Pleuromutilin Derivatives. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:1165-1173. [PMID: 28768998 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To develop new pleuromutilin derivatives as veterinary antibiotic medicines, we designed and synthesized a series of new thioether pleuromutilin derivatives possessing acylthiazolyl moiety based on previously designed derivatives. The antibacterial properties of the prepared pleuromutilin derivatives were assessed in vitro by the broth dilution method against five kinds of bacteria and the mycoplasma Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). All of the tested compounds displayed moderate to good antibacterial activity to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus epidermidis (MSSE), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus agalactiae (S. aga) and MG. However, the activity to Pyogeniccoccus (Pyogens) was generally poor. Compounds 13i and l showed potent antibacterial activity against MSSE and MRSA which are better than that of valnemulin. The structural modification for pleuromutilin affected the antibacterial activity. Amino substituents in the benzene ring can effectively improve activity. Compared with the analogue 13a that possesses unsubstitution benzoyl group, the nitro, methoxy, hydroxy and dichloro substituent contributed little to antibacterial activity. Increasing a methylene between benzene moiety and carbonyl group decreased the bioactivity of derivative. The analogues that obtained by the reaction of amino acids and intermediate 9 showed moderate activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Mu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Huixian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Feiqun Xue
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology
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23
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Eyal Z, Matzov D, Krupkin M, Paukner S, Riedl R, Rozenberg H, Zimmerman E, Bashan A, Yonath A. A novel pleuromutilin antibacterial compound, its binding mode and selectivity mechanism. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39004. [PMID: 27958389 PMCID: PMC5154188 DOI: 10.1038/srep39004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing appearance of pathogenic bacteria with antibiotic resistance is a global threat. Consequently, clinically available potent antibiotics that are active against multidrug resistant pathogens are becoming exceedingly scarce. Ribosomes are a main target for antibiotics, and hence are an objective for novel drug development. Lefamulin, a semi-synthetic pleuromutilin compound highly active against multi-resistant pathogens, is a promising antibiotic currently in phase III trials for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults. The crystal structure of the Staphylococcus aureus large ribosomal subunit in complex with lefamulin reveals its protein synthesis inhibition mechanism and the rationale for its potency. In addition, analysis of the bacterial and eukaryotes ribosome structures around the pleuromutilin binding pocket has elucidated the key for the drug's selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Eyal
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Donna Matzov
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Miri Krupkin
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | | | | | - Haim Rozenberg
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ella Zimmerman
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Anat Bashan
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ada Yonath
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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24
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Liu J, Bedell TA, West JG, Sorensen EJ. Design and Synthesis of Molecular Scaffolds with Anti-infective Activity. Tetrahedron 2016; 72:3579-3592. [PMID: 27284210 PMCID: PMC4894353 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - T. Aaron Bedell
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Frick Chemical Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Julian G. West
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Frick Chemical Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Erik J. Sorensen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Frick Chemical Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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25
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Dong YJ, Meng ZH, Mi YQ, Zhang C, Cui ZH, Wang P, Xu ZB. Synthesis of novel pleuromutilin derivatives. Part 1: preliminary studies of antituberculosis activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1799-1803. [PMID: 25736994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide threat from tuberculosis (TB) has resulted in great demand for new drugs, particularly those that can treat multidrug-resistant TB. We synthesized novel pleuromutilin derivatives with N-benzylamine side chain substituted at the C14 position and evaluated their activity in vitro against a virulent strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv). The primary assay results showed that five compounds inhibited the H37Rv at 20μM, with a MIC of one of the analogues as low as 7.2μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Dong
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Pharmaceuticals, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Zi-Hui Meng
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Pharmaceuticals, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yan-Qing Mi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Pharmaceuticals, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Pharmaceuticals, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hao Cui
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Pharmaceuticals, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Pharmaceuticals, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Zhi-Bin Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Pharmaceuticals, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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26
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Sirouspour M, Souri S. Synthesis of New Functionalized Heterocyclic [4,3,3] Propellanes via Three-component Reaction Based on Ninhydrin-Phenol Adducts. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sirouspour
- Department of Chemistry, Borujerd Branch; Islamic Azad University; Borujerd Iran
| | - Sanaz Souri
- Department of Chemistry, Borujerd Branch; Islamic Azad University; Borujerd Iran
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27
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Liu H, Xiao S, Zhang D, Mu S, Zhang L, Wang X, Xue F. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Pleuromutilin Derivatives. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:1041-8. [PMID: 26133714 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study we describe the design, synthesis, and antibacterial activity of novel pleuromutilin analogs. A series of new compounds containing piperazine and alkylamino or arylamino groups was synthesized. The new compounds were characterized via (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, Fourier transform (FT)-IR and MS, and were further evaluated for their in vitro activity against seven Gram-positive, and one Gram-negative, pathogens. Antibacterial data revealed that all compounds exhibited moderate to good antibacterial activities against sensitive Gram-positive pathogens. Specifically, 9d displayed the best activity: its activity to Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923) is 0.125 µg/mL, which is equal to the control compound tiamulin. The antibacterial activities of 9d to Streptococcus suis (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 µg/mL), Streptococcus agalactiae (MIC of 0.5 µg/mL), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (MIC of 0.5 µg/mL) were also excellent compared with the control drug erythromycin (MIC of >128 µg/mL). The binding modes of these compounds with active sites were calculated using the programs of Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) and Pymol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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28
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Zhao DH, Zhou YF, Yu Y, Shi W, Yang X, Xiao X, Deng H, Qiao GG, Fang BH, Liu YH. Integration of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic indices of valnemulin in broiler chickens after a single intravenous and intramuscular administration. Vet J 2014; 201:109-15. [PMID: 24906499 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial efficacy of valnemulin against Staphylococcus aureus was studied ex vivo in broiler chickens after intravenous and intramuscular administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg bodyweight (BW). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of valnemulin against S. aureus strains ATCC 25923 in broth and serum were 0.12 and 1 µg/mL, respectively. The MIC50 and MIC90 of valnemulin against all susceptible S. aureus strains isolated from chickens in the test population were 0.06 and 0.12 μg/mL, respectively. Protein binding, which greatly influences the efficacy of valnemulin, was assayed by equilibrium dialysate in vitro. A high binding fraction of 86.2% was found, which seems in good agreement with the difference of bacterial susceptibility tests observed in broth and serum. The surrogate index of AUC0-24/MIC required for the lowest bacteriostatic effect, and 2 log10CFU reduction in bacterial count were 24.4 h and 38.0 h, respectively. The required daily dose of valnemulin for a bacteriostatic activity was calculated to be 15 mg/kg BW based on the MIC90 of 0.12 µg/mL. Considering the slow disposition process of valnemulin and an AUC0-24 h value of more than 10-fold obtained from diseased animals, a suggested dose of 3 mg/kg BW is sufficient to achieve a satisfactory therapeutic efficacy in infected broilers. Due to the time-dependent antibacterial characteristics of valnemulin, the recommended daily dose should be split into two or three sub-doses to achieve the highest effectiveness while diminishing the risk of development of bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hao Zhao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhou
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guilin Gary Qiao
- 8725, John J Kingman Rd, MS 6201, Ft Belvoir, VA, 22060-6201, USA
| | - Bing-Hu Fang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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29
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Zhao DH, Yu Y, Zhou YF, Shi W, Deng H, Liu YH. Postantibiotic effect and postantibiotic sub-minimum inhibitory concentration effect of valnemulin against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from swine and chickens. Lett Appl Microbiol 2013; 58:150-5. [PMID: 24117872 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The postantibiotic effect (PAE) and postantibiotic sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) effect (PA-SME) of valnemulin against Staphylococcus aureus were investigated in vitro using a spectrophotometric technique and classic viable count method. A standard curve was constructed by regression analysis of the number of colonies and the corresponding optical density (OD) at 630 nm of the inoculum. After exposure to valnemulin at different concentrations for an hour, the antibiotic was removed by centrifuging and washing. The PA-SMEs were measured after initial exposure to valnemulin at 4 × the MIC, and then, valnemulin was added to reach corresponding desired concentrations in the resuspended culture. Samples were collected hourly until the culture became turbid. The results were calculated by converting the OD values into the counts of bacteria in accordance with the curve. The MIC of valnemulin against eight strains was identically 0.125 μg ml(-1) . The mean PAEs were 2.12 h (1 × MIC) and 5.06 h (4 × MIC), and the mean PA-SMEs were 6.85 h (0.1 × MIC), 9.12 h (0.2 × MIC) and 10.8 h (0.3 × MIC). The results showed that the strains with identical MICs exhibited different PAEs and PA-SMEs. Valnemulin produced prolonged PAE and PA-SME periods for Staph. aureus, supporting a longer dosing interval while formulating a daily administration dosage. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, valnemulin demonstrated prolonged postantibiotic effects and postantibiotic sub-MIC effects on strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The strains with identical MICs of valnemulin exhibited different PAEs and PA-SMEs. Staphylococcus aureus isolated from different species has little impact on the postantibiotic effect of valnemulin. The result suggests a longer dosing interval while formulating a daily administration dosage, and it may play a valuable role of valnemulin in treating Staph. aureus infections in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Zhao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Wilson D. Peptidyltransferase Inhibitors of the Bacterial Ribosome. Antibiotics (Basel) 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527659685.ch20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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31
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Abstract
New antimicrobial agents are always needed to counteract the resistant pathogens that continue to be selected by current therapeutic regimens. This review provides a survey of known antimicrobial agents that were currently in clinical development in the fall of 2012 and spring of 2013. Data were collected from published literature primarily from 2010 to 2012, meeting abstracts (2011 to 2012), government websites, and company websites when appropriate. Compared to what was reported in previous surveys, a surprising number of new agents are currently in company pipelines, particularly in phase 3 clinical development. Familiar antibacterial classes of the quinolones, tetracyclines, oxazolidinones, glycopeptides, and cephalosporins are represented by entities with enhanced antimicrobial or pharmacological properties. More importantly, compounds of novel chemical structures targeting bacterial pathways not previously exploited are under development. Some of the most promising compounds include novel β-lactamase inhibitor combinations that target many multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, a critical medical need. Although new antimicrobial agents will continue to be needed to address increasing antibiotic resistance, there are novel agents in development to tackle at least some of the more worrisome pathogens in the current nosocomial setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Bush
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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32
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Abstract
The first enantiospecific total synthesis of the antibacterial natural product (+)-pleuromutilin has been achieved. The approach includes the synthesis of a non-racemic cyclisation substrate from (+)-trans-dihydrocarvone, a highly selective SmI2-mediated cyclisation cascade, an electron transfer reduction of a hindered ester, and the first efficient conversion of (+)-mutilin to the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal J Fazakerley
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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33
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Zhao DH, Zhang Z, Zhang CY, Liu ZC, Deng H, Yu JJ, Guo JP, Liu YH. Population pharmacokinetics of valnemulin in swine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2013; 37:59-65. [PMID: 23617793 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out in 121 pigs to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model by oral (p.o.) administration of valnemulin at a single dose of 10 mg/kg. Serum biochemistry parameters of each pig were determined prior to drug administration. Three to five blood samples were collected at random time points, but uniformly distributed in the absorption, distribution, and elimination phases of drug disposition. Plasma concentrations of valnemulin were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The concentration-time data were fitted to PPK models using nonlinear mixed effect modeling (NONMEM) with G77 FORTRAN compiler. NONMEM runs were executed using Wings for NONMEM. Fixed effects of weight, age, sex as well as biochemistry parameters, which may influence the PK of valnemulin, were investigated. The drug concentration-time data were adequately described by a one-compartmental model with first-order absorption. A random effect model of valnemulin revealed a pattern of log-normal distribution, and it satisfactorily characterized the observed interindividual variability. The distribution of random residual errors, however, suggested an additive model for the initial phase (<12 h) followed by a combined model that consists of both proportional and additive features (≥ 12 h), so that the intra-individual variability could be sufficiently characterized. Covariate analysis indicated that body weight had a conspicuous effect on valnemulin clearance (CL/F). The featured population PK values of Ka , V/F and CL/F were 0.292/h, 63.0 L and 41.3 L/h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Zhao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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34
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Wang X, Ling Y, Wang H, Yu J, Tang J, Zheng H, Zhao X, Wang D, Chen G, Qiu W, Tao J. Novel pleuromutilin derivatives as antibacterial agents: synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6166-72. [PMID: 22932314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the increasingly serious problems caused by multidrug resistance in community-acquired infection pathogens, it has become an urgent need to develop new classes of antibiotics for overcoming the resistance. In this paper, we describe the design and synthesis of novel pleuromutilin derivatives containing the (2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-4-methyl group, as well as their in vitro antibacterial activities against Gram-positive clinical bacteria. Most of the tested compounds displayed strong antibacterial activities against these methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant bacteria. Particularly noteworthy compound 15 and its derivative 16e, both showed potent antibacterial properties (0.0625-0.5μg/mL) that are superior to amoxicillin and tiamulin. Molecular docking studies suggested that the amino thiazole ring on the side chains of the pleuromutilin derivatives can in general be accommodated near the mutilin core in the binding pocket, and thus play an important role in the activity of the whole molecule. The findings reported herein may provide a new insight into the design of novel pleuromutilin derivatives for human clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
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35
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Abstract
The peptidyltransferase center of the large ribosomal subunit is responsible for catalyzing peptide bonds. This active site is the target of a variety of diverse antibiotics, many of which are used clinically. The past decade has seen a plethora of structures of antibiotics in complex with the large ribosomal subunit, providing unprecedented insight into the mechanism of action of these inhibitors. Ten distinct antibiotics (chloramphenicol, clindamycin, linezolid, tiamulin, sparsomycin, and five macrolides) have been crystallized in complex with four distinct ribosomal species, three bacterial, and one archaeal. This review aims to compare these structures in order to provide insight into the conserved and species-specific modes of interaction for particular members of each class of antibiotics. Coupled with the wealth of biochemical data, a picture is emerging defining the specific functional states of the ribosome that antibiotics preferentially target. Such mechanistic insight into antibiotic inhibition will be important for the development of the next generation of antimicrobial agents.
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36
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Abstract
In 1951, the first reference to the antibacterial substance pleuromutilin was made in a paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Researchers had identified several species of the mold genus Pleurotus that inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The elucidation of the structure in 1962 led to the initiation of a development program at Sandoz, which was followed by the approval of tiamulin in 1979 for use in veterinary medicine. Although in 2007 retapamulin became the first pleuromutilin approved for topical use in humans, it was not until 2011, exactly 60 years after the first mention of the class, that a pleuromutilin antibiotic, BC-3781, could be tested successfully in a clinical phase II trial for systemic use in patients. This review will discuss key aspects of this antibacterial class and provide some insight into the question of why it took half a century to develop a systemic pleuromutilin for human use.
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37
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Wang L, Dai FY, Zhu J, Dong KK, Wang YL, Chen T. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of Pleuromutilin Derivatives with Thiazole-5-Carboxamide and Thioether Moiety. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.3184/174751911x13057375208346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Seven novel pleuromutilin derivatives with thiazole-5-carboxamide and thioether moiety in the C14 side chain were designed and synthesised. The antibacterial activities of the target compounds were tested via agar-well diffusion method in vitro. The results showed that three target compounds still had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC26112 and Staphylococcus aureus SC at a low concentration of 0.05 μg mL−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Fu-ying Dai
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610083, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610083, P. R. China
| | - Kui-kui Dong
- Faculty of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yu-liang Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610083, P. R. China
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38
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Yao YP, Dai FY, Dong KK, Mao Q, Wang YL, Chen T. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of Pleuromutilin Derivatives with Quinazolinone and Thioether Groups. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.3184/174751911x12964930076614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ten novel pleuromutilin derivatives with quinazolinone and thioether groups in the C14 side chain have been designed and synthesised. The antibacterial activities of the target compounds were tested via the agar-well diffusion method in vitro in the concentration of 5.0 μg mL−1 The results showed that all target compounds had displayed obvious antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC26112 and Staphylococcus aureus SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-peng Yao
- Faculty of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Fu-ying Dai
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610083, P. R. China
| | - Kui-kui Dong
- Faculty of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Mao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610083, P. R. China
| | - Yu-liang Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610083, P. R. China
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39
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McCoy LS, Xie Y, Tor Y. Antibiotics that target protein synthesis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2010; 2:209-32. [DOI: 10.1002/wrna.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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40
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Abstract
Protein synthesis is one of the major targets in the cell for antibiotics. This review endeavors to provide a comprehensive "post-ribosome structure" A-Z of the huge diversity of antibiotics that target the bacterial translation apparatus, with an emphasis on correlating the vast wealth of biochemical data with more recently available ribosome structures, in order to understand function. The binding site, mechanism of action, and modes of resistance for 26 different classes of protein synthesis inhibitors are presented, ranging from ABT-773 to Zyvox. In addition to improving our understanding of the process of translation, insight into the mechanism of action of antibiotics is essential to the development of novel and more effective antimicrobial agents to combat emerging bacterial resistance to many clinically-relevant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Wilson
- Gene Center and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Munich, LMU, Munich, Germany.
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41
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Establishing molecular tools for genetic manipulation of the pleuromutilin-producing fungus Clitopilus passeckerianus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:7196-204. [PMID: 19767458 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01151-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe efficient polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation systems for a pharmaceutically important basidiomycete fungus, Clitopilus passeckerianus, which produces pleuromutilin, a diterpene antibiotic. Three dominant selectable marker systems based on hygromycin, phleomycin, and carboxin selection were used to study the feasibility of PEG-mediated transformation of C. passeckerianus. The PEG-mediated transformation of C. passeckerianus protoplasts was successful and generated hygromycin-resistant transformants more efficiently than either phleomycin or carboxin resistance. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with plasmid pBGgHg containing hph gene under the control of the Agaricus bisporus gpdII promoter led to hygromycin-resistant colonies and was successful when homogenized mycelium and fruiting body gill tissue were used as starting material. Southern blot analysis of transformants revealed the apparently random integration of the transforming DNA to be predominantly multiple copies for the PEG-mediated system and a single copy for the Agrobacterium-mediated system within the genome. C. passeckerianus actin and tubulin promoters were amplified from genomic DNA and proved successful in driving green fluorescent protein and DsRed expression in C. passeckerianus, but only when constructs contained a 5' intron, demonstrating that the presence of an intron is prerequisite for efficient transgene expression. The feasibility of RNA interference-mediated gene silencing was investigated using gfp as a target gene easily scored in C. passeckerianus. Upon transformation of gfp antisense constructs into a highly fluorescent strain, transformants were recovered that exhibited either reduced or undetectable fluorescence. This was confirmed by Northern blotting showing depletion of the target mRNA levels. This demonstrated that gene silencing is a suitable tool for modulating gene expression in C. passeckerianus. The molecular tools developed in this study should facilitate studies aimed at gene isolation or characterization in this pharmaceutically important species.
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42
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Scangarella-Oman NE, Shawar RM, Bouchillon S, Hoban D. Microbiological profile of a new topical antibacterial: retapamulin ointment 1%. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2009; 7:269-79. [PMID: 19344241 DOI: 10.1586/eri.09.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Retapamulin is a new topical pleuromutilin antibiotic for the treatment of skin and skin-structure infections, including impetigo. In vitro studies indicate that retapamulin has a unique mode of action that minimizes the potential for target-specific cross-resistance with other antibacterials and a limited potential for resistance development. Its spectrum of activity includes the most likely causative pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. In the Global Surveillance Program, retapamulin was highly active in vitro, including against strains of S. aureus resistant to methicillin, mupirocin or fusidic acid. In clinical studies, retapamulin was noninferior to fusidic acid and oral cefalexin, achieving per-pathogen success rates of 86-99%. Topical retapamulin has a good safety profile and is associated with high patient compliance.
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43
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Gürel G, Blaha G, Moore PB, Steitz TA. U2504 determines the species specificity of the A-site cleft antibiotics: the structures of tiamulin, homoharringtonine, and bruceantin bound to the ribosome. J Mol Biol 2009; 389:146-56. [PMID: 19362093 PMCID: PMC2682339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Structures have been obtained for the complexes that tiamulin, homoharringtonine, and bruceantin form with the large ribosomal subunit of Haloarcula marismortui at resolutions ranging from 2.65 to 3.2 A. They show that all these inhibitors block protein synthesis by competing with the amino acid side chains of incoming aminoacyl-tRNAs for binding in the A-site cleft in the peptidyl-transferase center, which is universally conserved. In addition, these structures support the hypothesis that the species specificity exhibited by the A-site cleft inhibitors is determined by the interactions they make, or fail to make, with a single nucleotide, U2504 (Escherichia coli). In the ribosome, the position of U2504 is controlled by its interactions with neighboring nucleotides, whose identities vary among kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güliz Gürel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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44
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Hirokawa Y, Kinoshita H, Tanaka T, Nakamura T, Fujimoto K, Kashimoto S, Kojima T, Kato S. Pleuromutilin derivatives having a purine ring. Part 3: synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel compounds possessing a piperazine ring spacer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:175-9. [PMID: 19022668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.10.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Revised: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
SAR studies on the water-soluble thioether pleuromutilin analogue 6, which has excellent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities, led to discovery of the novel pleuromutilin derivatives having a piperazine ring spacer. These derivatives displayed potent and well-balanced in vitro antibacterial activity against various drug-susceptible and -resistant Gram-positive bacteria. In particular, the promising pleuromutilin analogues 37 and 40 were found to exhibit strong in vivo efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus Smith.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Hirokawa
- Chemistry Research Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co, Ltd, Enoki, Suita, Japan
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45
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Hirokawa Y, Kinoshita H, Tanaka T, Nakamura T, Fujimoto K, Kashimoto S, Kojima T, Kato S. Pleuromutilin derivatives having a purine ring. Part 1: new compounds with promising antibacterial activity against resistant Gram-positive pathogens. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3556-61. [PMID: 18511280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 04/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the course of our research aimed at the discovery of metabolic stable pleuromutilin derivatives with more potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive pathogens than previous analogues, a series of compounds bearing a purine ring were prepared and evaluated. From SAR studies, we identified two promising compounds 85 and 87, which have excellent in vitro activity against a number of Gram-positive pathogens, including existing drug-resistant strains, and potent in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Hirokawa
- Chemistry Research Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd, Enoki 33-94, Suita 564-0053, Japan
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46
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Butler MS. Natural products to drugs: natural product-derived compounds in clinical trials. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:475-516. [PMID: 18497896 DOI: 10.1039/b514294f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural product and natural product-derived compounds that are being evaluated in clinical trials or are in registration (as at 31st December 2007) have been reviewed, as well as natural product-derived compounds for which clinical trials have been halted or discontinued since 2005. Also discussed are natural product-derived drugs launched since 2005, new natural product templates and late-stage development candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Butler
- MerLion Pharmaceuticals, 1 Science Park Road, The Capricorn 05-01, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore 117528.
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47
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Hirokawa Y, Kinoshita H, Tanaka T, Nakata K, Kitadai N, Fujimoto K, Kashimoto S, Kojima T, Kato S. Water-soluble pleuromutilin derivative with excellent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity against gram-positive pathogens. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1991-4. [PMID: 18330977 DOI: 10.1021/jm8000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although earlier pleuromutilin analogues showed potent in vitro antibacterial activity against some Gram-positive pathogens, their in vivo efficacy was low because of insufficient pharmacokinetic properties. We designed novel thioether pleuromutilin derivatives having a purine ring as a polar and water solubilizing group and identified a promising pleuromutilin analogue 6 with good solubility in water ( approximately 50 mg/mL). Compound 6 exhibited excellent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity against some Gram-positive strains, including drug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Hirokawa
- Chemistry Research Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Enoki 33-94, Suita, Osaka, 564-0053, Japan
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48
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Karlsson M, Gunnarsson A, Franklin A. Susceptibility to pleuromutilins inBrachyspira(Serpulina)hyodysenteriae. Anim Health Res Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1079/ahrr200118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe pleuromutilins are the only antimicrobial agents with sufficient minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values left to treat swine dysentery in Sweden. Other antimicrobials are either not approved for use against swine dysentery or only partly active againstBrachyspira hyodysenteriae. To date, in Sweden two pleuromutilins, tiamulin and valnemulin, are authorized for use in pigs. This study includes a comparison between MICs of tiamulin and valnemulin for Swedish field isolates ofB. hyodysenteriae, as determined by broth dilution. For different isolates the MIC of tiamulin was between 0 and 8 times higher than that of valnemulin. No resistance to pleuromutilins was recorded (tiamulin MIC range 0.031–2 μg/ml, valnemulin MIC range ≤0.016–1 μg/ml).In vitrodevelopment of tiamulin resistance was also studied. TwoB. hyodysenteriaeand twoB. pilosicolistrains became resistant to tiamulin following reiterated passages on agar containing tiamulin in increasing concentrations. The resistance emerged slowly and three of the strains that went through more than 60 passages increased their tiamulin MICs from 0.031–0.25 to more than 128 μg/ml. The tiamulin MIC for oneB. hyodysenteriaestrain that went through 29 passages increased from 0.0125 to 4 μg/ml. OneB. pilosicolistrain developed cross-resistance to valnemulin; the MIC increased from 0.25 to more than 64 μg/ml. The valnemulin MIC for oneB. hyodysenteriaestrain increased from 0.031 μg/ml to 32 μg/ml. Valnemulin MIC was not determined for theB. hyodysenteriaestrain that only went through 29 passages. The valnemulin MIC of the otherB. pilosicolistrain increased from 0.031 to 4 μg/ml.
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49
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Yan K, Madden L, Choudhry AE, Voigt CS, Copeland RA, Gontarek RR. Biochemical characterization of the interactions of the novel pleuromutilin derivative retapamulin with bacterial ribosomes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:3875-81. [PMID: 16940066 PMCID: PMC1635203 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00184-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2006] [Revised: 04/19/2006] [Accepted: 08/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Retapamulin is a semisynthetic pleuromutilin derivative being developed as a topical antibiotic for treating bacterial infections of the skin. It is potent in vitro against susceptible and multidrug-resistant organisms commonly associated with bacterial skin infections. We report detailed mode of action studies demonstrating that retapamulin binds to the bacterial ribosome with high affinity, inhibits ribosomal peptidyl transferase activity, and partially inhibits the binding of the initiator tRNA substrate to the ribosomal P-site. Taken together, these data distinguish the mode of action of retapamulin from that of other classes of antibiotics. This unique mode of action may explain the lack of clinically relevant, target-specific cross-resistance of retapamulin with antibacterials in current use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yan
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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50
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Pankuch GA, Lin G, Hoellman DB, Good CE, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC. Activity of retapamulin against Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus evaluated by agar dilution, microdilution, E-test, and disk diffusion methodologies. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:1727-30. [PMID: 16641442 PMCID: PMC1472194 DOI: 10.1128/aac.50.5.1727-1730.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activity of retapamulin against 106 Staphylococcus aureus isolates and 109 Streptococcus pyogenes isolates was evaluated by the agar dilution, broth microdilution, E-test, and disk diffusion methodologies. Where possible, the tests were performed by using the CLSI methodology. The results of agar dilution, broth microdilution, and E-test (all with incubation in ambient air) for S. aureus yielded similar MICs, in the range of 0.03 to 0.25 microg/ml. These values corresponded to zone diameters between 25 and 33 mm by the use of a 2-microg retapamulin disk. Overall, 99% of the agar dilution results and 95% of E-test results for S. aureus were within +/-1 dilution of the microdilution results. For S. pyogenes, the MICs obtained by the agar and broth microdilution methods (both after incubation in ambient air) were in the range of 0.008 to 0.03 microg/ml, and E-test MICs (with incubation in ambient air) were 0.016 to 0.06 microg/ml. For S. pyogenes, 100% of the agar dilution MIC results were within +/-1 dilution of the broth microdilution results. E-test MICs (after incubation in ambient air) were within +/-1 and +/-2 dilutions of the broth microdilution results for 76% and 99% of the isolates, respectively. E-test MICs for S. pyogenes strains in CO(2) were up to 4 dilutions higher than those in ambient air. Therefore, it is recommended that when retapamulin MICs are determined by E-test, incubation be done in ambient air and not in CO(2), due to the adverse effect of CO(2) on the activity of this compound. Diffusion zones (with incubation in CO(2)) for S. pyogenes were 18 to 24 mm. Retapamulin MICs for all strains by all methods (with incubation in ambient air) were < or =0.25 microg/ml. These results demonstrate that S. pyogenes (including macrolide-resistant strains) and S. aureus (including methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-nonsusceptible strains) are inhibited by very low concentrations of retapamulin and that all four testing methods are satisfactory for use for susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn A Pankuch
- Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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