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Ringot-Destrez B, D'Alessandro Z, Lacroix JM, Mercier-Bonin M, Léonard R, Robbe-Masselot C. A Sensitive and Rapid Method to Determin the Adhesion Capacity of Probiotics and Pathogenic Microorganisms to Human Gastrointestinal Mucins. Microorganisms 2018; 6:E49. [PMID: 29844291 PMCID: PMC6027390 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus is the habitat for the microorganisms, bacteria and yeast that form the commensal flora. Mucins, the main macromolecules of mucus, and more specifically, the glycans that cover them, play essential roles in microbial gastrointestinal colonization. Probiotics and pathogens must also colonize mucus to have lasting positive or deleterious effects. The question of which mucin-harboured glycan motifs favour the adhesion of specific microorganisms remains very poorly studied. In the current study, a simple test based on the detection of fluorescent-labeled microorganisms raised against microgram amounts of mucins spotted on nitrocellulose was developed. The adhesion of various probiotic, commensal and pathogenic microorganisms was evaluated on a panel of human purified gastrointestinal mucins and compared with that of commercially available pig gastric mucins (PGM) and of mucins secreted by the colonic cancer cell line HT29-MTX. The latter two proved to be very poor indicators of adhesion capacity on intestinal mucins. Our results show that the nature of the sialylated cores of O-glycans, determined by MALDI MS-MS analysis, potentially enables sialic acid residues to modulate the adhesion of microorganisms either positively or negatively. Other identified factors affecting the adhesion propensity were O-glycan core types and the presence of blood group motifs. This test should help to select probiotics with enhanced adhesion capabilities as well as deciphering the role of specific mucin glycotopes on microbial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bélinda Ringot-Destrez
- Univ.lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F59000 Lille, France.
| | - Zéa D'Alessandro
- Univ.lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jean-Marie Lacroix
- Univ.lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F59000 Lille, France.
| | - Muriel Mercier-Bonin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Renaud Léonard
- Univ.lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F59000 Lille, France.
| | - Catherine Robbe-Masselot
- Univ.lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F59000 Lille, France.
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Campus CNRS de la Haute Borne, 50 avenue de Halley, 59658 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Cheng PF, Snovida S, Ho MY, Cheng CW, Wu AM, Khoo KH. Increasing the depth of mass spectrometry-based glycomic coverage by additional dimensions of sulfoglycomics and target analysis of permethylated glycans. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:6683-95. [PMID: 23797909 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hog or porcine gastric mucin resembles the human source in carrying not only blood group antigens but also the rather rare α4-GlcNAc-capped terminal epitope functionally implicated in protection against Helicobacter pylori infection. Being more readily available and reasonably well characterized, it serves as a good reagent for immunobiological studies, as well as a standard for analytical methodology developments. Current approaches in mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic mapping remain vastly inadequate in revealing the full complexity of glycosylation, particularly for cases such as the extremely heterogeneous O-glycosylation of mucosal mucins that can be further sulfated. We demonstrate here a novel concerted workflow that extends the conventional matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) mapping of permethylated glycans in positive ion mode to include a further step of sulfoglycomic analysis in negative ion mode. This was facilitated by introducing a mixed-mode solid-phase extraction step, which allows direct cleanup and simultaneous fractionation of the permethylated glycans into separate non-sulfated and sulfated pools in one single step. By distinct MALDI-MS/MS fragmentation patterns, all previously known structural features of porcine gastric mucin including the terminal epitopes and location of sulfates could be readily defined. We additionally showed that both arms of the core 2 structures could be extended via 6-O-sulfated GlcNAc to yield a series of disulfated O-glycans not previously reported, thus expanding its current glycomic coverage. However, a targeted LC-MSn analysis was required and best suited to dig even deeper into validating the occurrence of very minor structural isomers carrying the Lewis Y epitope implicated by positive antibody binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Fu Cheng
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Roosevelt Road, PO Box 23-106, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Knirel Y, Bailey M. Nikolay Konstantinovich Kochetkov 1915–2005. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2007; 61:2-28. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(07)61001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Beyer TA, Sadler JE, Rearick JI, Paulson JC, Hill RL. Glycosyltransferases and their use in assessing oligosaccharide structure and structure-function relationships. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 52:23-175. [PMID: 6784450 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122976.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Lloyd KO. The chemistry and immunochemistry of blood group A, B, H, and Lewis antigens: past, present and future. Glycoconj J 2000; 17:531-41. [PMID: 11421346 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011066308591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article traces reseach on the chemistry and immunochemistry of blood group A, B, H, and Lewis antigens from early work on the identification of soluble sources of these antigens, through the elucidation of the structures of the carbohydrate epitopes responsible for these specificities, to recent work on exploring their possible use as cancer vaccines. The various approaches used in the isolation of oligosaccharides from mucins for use in structural studies are discussed, as are recent efforts in the chemical systhesis of blood group-active oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Lloyd
- Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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The degradation of glycoproteins with lithium borohydride: Isolation and analysis ofO-glycopeptides with reducedC-terminal amino acid residue. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02758860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Karlsson NG, Nordman H, Karlsson H, Carlstedt I, Hansson GC. Glycosylation differences between pig gastric mucin populations: a comparative study of the neutral oligosaccharides using mass spectrometry. Biochem J 1997; 326 ( Pt 3):911-7. [PMID: 9307045 PMCID: PMC1218750 DOI: 10.1042/bj3260911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Five mucin populations were isolated from the cardiac region,corpus and antrum of pig gastric mucosa. The released neutral oligosaccharides were permethylated and analysed using high-temperature gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as well as matrix-assisted laser-desorption mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Thirty different oligosaccharides with up to six monosaccharide residues were characterized using both techniques, but the presence of an additional 49 structures was suggested on the basis of their molecular mass by MALDI-MS. Oligosaccharides based on core-1 (Galbeta1-3GalNAcalpha1-) and core-2 [Galbeta1-3(GlcNAcbeta1-6)GalNAcalpha1-] structures were widely distributed, whereas core-3 structures (GlcNAcbeta1-3GalNAcalpha1-) were present only in mucins from the cardiac region and corpus, and core-4 structures [GlcNAcbeta1-3(GlcNAcbeta1-6)GalNAcalpha1-] were present exclusively in mucins from the cardiac region. Furthermore the oligosaccharides from one of the mucins from the corpus were significantly longer than those from the other populations. The results illustrate vast structural diversity, but the relative abundances show only a few dominating structures, suggesting that many oligosaccharides may be quite rare in pig gastric mucins. Well-defined mucin populations with distinctly different glycosylation can thus be identified in pig stomach, suggesting that glycosylation of the large secreted mucins from this tissue is not a random event.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9A, S-413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Wu JH, Herp A, Wu AM. Defining carbohydrate specificity of Ricinus communis agglutinin as Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc (II) > Gal beta 1-->3GlcNAc (I) > Gal alpha 1-->3Gal (B) > Gal beta 1-->3GalNAc (T). Mol Immunol 1993; 30:333-9. [PMID: 7681148 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(93)90062-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To define carbohydrate specificity of Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA1), the combining site of RCA1 was further characterized by quantitative precipitin (QPA) and precipitin-inhibition assays (QPIA). Among the oligosaccharides tested for QPIA, Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc (II, human blood group type II precursor sequence) was found to be 7.1 times more active than Gal beta 1-->3GalNAc (T, Thomsen-Friedenreich sequence) and about 1.7 times more active than the other three disaccharides tested--Gal beta 1-->4Man, Gal beta 1-->3DAra and Gal beta 1-->6GalNAc. Gal alpha 1-->4Gal, the receptor of the uropathogenic E. coli ligand was 3.6 times less active than the II sequence. These results indicate that the beta 1-->4 linkage of the terminal Gal to subterminal GlcNAc is important as this beta 1-->4GlcNAc sequence is at least 1.6 times more active than other types of disaccharides. Among the glycoproteins examined for QPA, native and desialized bovine submandibular glycoproteins, native and desialized human plasma alpha 1-acid glycoproteins, as well as crude hog stomach mucin and its three mild acid hydrolyzed products reacted well with the lectin. These glycoproteins precipitated over 75% of the lectin nitrogen added indicating that RCA1 has the ability to recognize Gal beta 1-->4/3GlcNAc and/or the related residues at the non-reducing ends and at positions in the interior of the chains. However, Tn (GalNAc alpha 1-->Ser/Thr sequence) rich glycoproteins such as desialized ovine submandibular glycoprotein and desialized armadillo salivary glycoprotein, in which over 90% of the carbohydrate side chains are Tn determinants with none or only a trace of I/II or T determinants, precipitated poorly with RCA1. From the present and previous results obtained, the carbohydrate specificity of RCA1 can be constructed and summarized in decreasing order by lectin determinants as follows: II (Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc) > I (Gal beta 1-->3GlcNAc) > E (Gal alpha 1-->4Gal) and B (Gal alpha 1-->3Gal) > T (Gal beta 1-->3GalNAc), while Tn (GalNAc alpha 1-->Ser/Thr) is a poor inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang-Gung Medical College, Kwei-san, Tao-yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Wu A, Lin S, Chin L, Chow L, Lin J. Defining the carbohydrate specificities of Abrus precatorius agglutinin as T (Gal beta 1—-3GalNAc) greater than I/II (Gal beta 1—-3/4GlcNAc). J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)41752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Iwase H, Ishii-Karakasa I, Hotta K. Isolation and partial characterization of serine- and threonine-rich porcine gastric mucus glycopeptides. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1992; 102:929-34. [PMID: 1395517 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(92)90104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
1. Two subfractions from purified porcine gastric mucus glycopeptide were found to separate from each other by cesium chloride equilibrium centrifugation. The highest density fraction and two lower density fractions separated were designated VHD, HD and LD, respectively. A comparative study of these components was made. 2. The high and low density fractions, HD and LD, appeared almost the same or identical, while VHD differed completely from either of them in the following respects: (1) VHD exhibited strong alcian blue binding activity. (2) 57% of VHD bound to the DEAE-Toyopearl column equilibrated with 0.2 M NaCl. (3) VHD eluted from the Sephacryl S-400 column as a lower molecular subunit. (4) One third of the sialic acid as a minor component in VHD was constituted by N-glycolylneuraminic acid. (5) Carbohydrate composition showed typical mucus glycoprotein with slightly higher fucose content. (6) Amino acid compositions of the anionic components prepared from VHD showed the highest Ser/Thr ratio, 1.92 compared to 0.46 for LD and 0.62 for HD. (7) Oligosaccharide released from VHD by alkaline-sodium borohydride treatment was larger than that from HD or LD. 3. The above results indicate the minor component, VHD, separated from the major components, to be a quite similar but not identical component to the so-called sulfated mucus glycoprotein reported previously [Slomiany et al. (1972) J. biol. Chem. 247, 5062-5070].
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Affiliation(s)
- H Iwase
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Carter SR, Williams JM, Clamp JR. A comparison of the results of sequential hydrazinolysis-nitrosation and alkali-mediated cleavage-nitrosation of the O-linked oligosaccharides of gastric mucus glycoproteins. Carbohydr Res 1990; 205:181-90. [PMID: 2276134 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(90)80138-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the oligosaccharides released from pig gastric mucus glycopolypeptides by hydrazinolysis showed that degradation had occurred. Nitrosation of the products followed by reduction gave a mixture that had a low content of 2,5-anhydro-D-talitol, which implied destruction of much of the terminal reducing 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactose. Under the conditions of hydrazinolysis, cellobiose was largely unchanged but laminaribiose gave a complex mixture that probably contained glucose hydrazone (13C-n.m.r. data). In order to avoid degradation, the hydrazinolysis-nitrosation sequence should be applied to the reduced oligosaccharides released on cleavage with alkali.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Carter
- Chemistry Department, University College of Swansea, Great Britain
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Arbatsky NP, Derevitskaya VA, Zheltova AO, Kochetkov NK, Likhosherstov LM, Senchenkova SN, Yurtov DV. The carbohydrate chains of influenza virus hemagglutinin. Carbohydr Res 1988; 178:165-81. [PMID: 3191507 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(88)80109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The major surface antigen of influenza virus A/Leningrad/385/80 (H3N2), H3 hemagglutinin, as well as its heavy and light subunits were obtained by bromelain treatment, followed by gel chromatography. Carbohydrate chains were split off from both subunits by lithium borohydride-lithium hydroxide in aqueous 2-methyl-2-propanol, and individual oligosaccharides isolated. The main oligosaccharides, whose structure was determined by 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy and chemical methods, are of the ordinary oligomannoside and complex types. It was found that, in spite of the great difference in number of glycosylation sites in heavy and light subunits, the amount and even relative abundance of variants of carbohydrate chains in both subunits are very similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Arbatsky
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Moscow
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Stein JM, Ellory JC, Tucker EM. The effect of sodium periodate treatment on the modulation of the sodium pump in low-potassium type (LK) sheep red cells by the L antigen. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1987; 904:330-6. [PMID: 2822119 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(87)90382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
1. The action of sodium periodate and neuraminidase on active and passive K+ transport in low-potassium type (LK) sheep red cells was investigated in relation to the contribution of the Lp and Ll antigens. 2. Active K+ transport in LK sheep red cells was not affected by treatment with sodium periodate (2 mM), or with neuraminidase. 3. Passive K+ transport in LK sheep red cells was increased by sodium periodate treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. The increase was not Cl- dependent, and so differed from the increased passive K+ uptake resulting from N-ethylmaleimide treatment. 4. HK sheep red cells treated with sodium periodate showed small increases in passive K+ uptake, and N-ethylmaleimide treatment used sequentially with sodium periodate resulted in further small increases in passive K+ uptake. 5. In LK sheep red cells the stimulation of active K+ transport by anti-L was impaired by 50% in cells treated with sodium periodate (2 mM) and was slightly lowered in cells treated with neuraminidase. 6. In LK sheep red cells inhibition of passive K+ transport by anti-L was not impaired by sodium periodate treatment (2 mM), or by neuraminidase treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Stein
- AFRC Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research, Babraham, U.K
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Structures of O-linked oligosaccharides isolated from normal granulocytes, chronic myelogenous leukemia cells, and acute myelogenous leukemia cells. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)67163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Nato F, Goulut C, Bourrillon R, Van Halbeek H, Vliegenthart JF. The structure of the O-glycosidic oligosaccharide chains of the major Zajdela hepatoma ascites-cell-membrane glycoprotein. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1986; 159:303-8. [PMID: 3758066 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1986.tb09868.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycoprotein MII2, the major cell surface glycoprotein (molecular mass 110 kDa) of Zajdela hepatoma ascites cells, contains about 25 O-glycosidic oligosaccharide chains per molecule. They were released as oligosaccharide-alditols by alkaline borohydride treatment of MII2, and purified by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-6 followed by high-voltage paper electrophoresis. Four oligosaccharide-alditol fractions (A-D) were obtained in relative yields of 8:6:3:3. The structure of the components of fractions A-C was determined by 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy in combination with sugar composition analysis, to be as follows. (A) NeuAc alpha(2----3)Gal beta(1----3)[NeuAc alpha(2----3)Gal beta(1----4)GlcNAc beta(1----6)]GalNAc-ol; (B1) NeuAc alpha(2----3)Gal beta(1----3)[Gal beta(1----4)GlcNAc beta(1----6)]GalNAc-ol; (B2) Gal beta(1----3)[NeuAc alpha(2----3)Gal beta(1----4)GlcNAc beta(1----6)]GalNAc-ol; (C) NeuAc alpha(2----3)Gal beta(1----3)GalNAc-ol. On the basis of sugar composition and characteristics on Bio-Gel P-6 filtration, paper electrophoresis and thin-layer chromatography, the structure of the carbohydrate component of fraction D is proposed to be as follows. (D) NeuAc alpha(2----3)Gal beta(1----3)[NeuAc alpha(2----6)]GalNAc-ol
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Hounsell EF, Lawson AM, Feeney J, Gooi HC, Pickering NJ, Stoll MS, Lui SC, Feizi T. Structural analysis of the O-glycosidically linked core-region oligosaccharides of human meconium glycoproteins which express oncofoetal antigens. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1985; 148:367-77. [PMID: 2580706 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb08848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycoproteins were extracted from meconium samples of group O neonates of secretor type by pronase digestion followed by precipitation in 67% aqueous ethanol and separated into Ii antigen enriched and depleted fractions by affinity chromatography. The latter fraction strongly expressed the oncofoetal antigens recognised by natural antibodies in mouse sera and the hybridoma antibody FC 10.2, and this activity was enhanced after mild acid hydrolysis to remove sialic acid and fucose residues. Oligosaccharides were released from the mild-acid-treated fraction by base-borohydride degradation and purified by gel permeation chromatography on Bio-Gel P4 and high performance liquid chromatography on octadecylsilyl and aminopropylsilyl columns. The major oligosaccharides were characterised by fast atom bombardment and electron impact mass spectrometry, combined gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and 500-MHz proton NMR spectroscopy. Their structures, in order of abundance, were: (Formula: see text).
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Hoskins LC, Agustines M, McKee WB, Boulding ET, Kriaris M, Niedermeyer G. Mucin degradation in human colon ecosystems. Isolation and properties of fecal strains that degrade ABH blood group antigens and oligosaccharides from mucin glycoproteins. J Clin Invest 1985; 75:944-53. [PMID: 3920248 PMCID: PMC423632 DOI: 10.1172/jci111795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the oligosaccharide chains of hog gastric mucin were degraded by unidentified subpopulations numbering approximately 1% of normal human fecal bacteria. Here we report on the enzyme-producing properties of five strains of mucin oligosaccharide chain-degrading bacteria isolated from feces of four healthy subjects. Four were isolated from the greatest fecal dilutions yielding mucin side chain-degrading activity in culture, and thus were the numerically dominant side chain-degrading bacteria in their respective hosts. Three were Ruminococcus strains and two were Bifidobacterium strains. Two Ruminococcus torques strains, IX-70 and VIII-239, produced blood group A- and H-degrading alpha-glycosidase activities, sialidase, and the requisite beta-glycosidases; these strains released greater than 90% of the anthrone-reacting hexoses from hog gastric mucin during growth in culture. The Bifidobacterium strains lacked A-degrading activity but were otherwise similar; these released 60-80% of the anthrone-reacting hexoses but not the A antigenic structures from hog gastric mucin. Only Ruminococcus AB strain VI-268 produced blood group B-degrading alpha-galactosidase activity, but this strain lacked beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases to complete degradation of B antigenic chains. When this strain was co-cultured with a strain that produced beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases, release of hexoses from blood group B salivary glycoprotein increased from 50 to greater than 90%, and bacterial growth was enhanced. The glycosidases required for side chain degradation were produced by these strains in the absence of mucin substrate, and a substantial fraction of each activity in stationary phase cultures was extracellular. In contrast, none of 16 other fecal Bacteroides, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, and Bifidobacterium strains produced ABH blood group-degrading enzymes; other glycosidases produced by these strains were predominantly cell bound except for extracellular beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases produced by the five S. faecalis strains. We conclude that certain Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcus strains are numerically dominant populations degrading mucin oligosaccharides in the human colon due to their constitutive production of the requisite extracellular glycosidases including blood group antigen-specific alpha-glycosidases. These properties characterize them as a functionally distinct subpopulation of normal human enteric microflora comprised of specialized subsets that produce blood group H antigen-degrading glycosidases alone or together with either blood group A- or B-degrading glycosidases.
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Conformations and interactions of oligosaccharides related to the ABH and Lewis blood groups. POLYSACCHARIDES 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-349-06369-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Ram BP, Munjal DD. Galactosyltransferases: physical, chemical, and biological aspects. CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOCHEMISTRY 1985; 17:257-311. [PMID: 3920003 DOI: 10.3109/10409238509113606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Galactosyltransferases (GTs) are one of the members of a family of enzymes called glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of complex carbohydrates. These enzymes catalyze the transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to an acceptor (glycoprotein, glycolipid) containing terminal N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine residue. GTs occur in soluble (milk, serum, effusions, etc.) and insoluble (membrane) forms. The GT activities on the outer surface of the cells have been correlated with a host of cellular interactions, including fertilization, cell migration, embryonic induction, chondrogenesis, contact inhibition of growth, cell adhesion, hemostasis, intestinal cell differentiation, and immune recognition. GTs have been purified to homogeneity using affinity chromatography. Most GTs are found active in the pH range 6 to 8 and at temperatures between 35 to 40 degrees C. Manganese is an essential co-factor for GT activity. Isoenzymes of GT have been recognized, especially in tumor tissues, malignant effusions, and sera of cancer patients using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of SDS. Depending on the source of the enzyme, the molecular weights of GTs range between 40,000 to 80,000 daltons. Carcinoma-associated GT isoenzyme has been reported to have a higher molecular weight than the normal GT isoenzyme. Development of monoclonal antibody against the cancer-specific GT isoenzyme will provide help in the development of an immunoassay for the measurement of this isoenzyme in the sera and an aid in the radioimmunolocalization of the tumors in cancer patients.
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Chandrasekaran EV, Rana SS, Davila M, Mendicino J. Structures of the oligosaccharide chains in swine trachea mucin glycoproteins. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)90832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Wu AM. Differential binding characteristics and applications of DGal beta 1----3DGalNAc specific lectins. Mol Cell Biochem 1984; 61:131-41. [PMID: 6727869 DOI: 10.1007/bf00222491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The binding properties of Arachis hypogaea (PNA), Bauhinia purpurea alba (BPL), Maclura pomifera ( MPL ) and Sophora japonica (SJL) lectins were studied by quantitative precipitin and precipitin inhibition assays, demonstrating them to be most specific for DGal beta 1---- 3DGalNAc residues. Additionally, each lectin had its own binding characteristic such as different binding activities to DGal beta 1---- 4DGlcNAc or DGal beta 1---- 3DGlcNAc beta 1----linked oligosaccharides, and/or DGalNAc alpha 1----linked to the Ser or Thr of the protein moiety. These differential binding characteristics can be used for investigating fine differences of the carbohydrate structure of the glycoconjugates, especially those having DGal beta 1---- 3DGalNAc residues as terminal non-reducing ends.
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24
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Picard JK, Feizi T. Peanut lectin and anti-Ii antibodies reveal structural differences among human gastrointestinal glycoproteins. Mol Immunol 1983; 20:1215-20. [PMID: 6197630 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(83)90145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Human gastrointestinal glycoproteins (mucins), isolated by pepsin digestion from foetal stomachs and meconia, and from paired tumour and non-neoplastic mucosal samples of patients with gastric and colorectal carcinomas, were tested for precipitating reactions with peanut lectin (PNL) and four anti-carbohydrate antibodies (two anti-I, Ma and Low, and two anti-i, Den and Galli). There was remarkable correlation between reactivities with PNL and anti-I (Ma): both reagents reacted with non-neoplastic gastric glycoproteins of "non-secretors", but not with those of "secretors", and also with the majority of gastric tumour and meconium extracts regardless of secretor status. Colorectal tissue extracts (with the exception of one tumour extract) reacted with neither reagent. The various precipitating activities, and results of mild acid hydrolysis and affinity chromatography experiments, enable certain inferences to be made regarding the oligosaccharide moieties of gastrointestinal glycoproteins: (a) expression of PNL and anti-I (Ma) determinants in gastric glycoproteins is dependent on secretor status; (b) extracts reacting with PNL and anti-I (Ma) are mixtures of macromolecules: minor populations react with both reagents, or with PNL only; the major population lacks both determinants, or they are masked by other substitutions; (c) determinants reactive with anti-Ii sera other than anti-I (Ma) are less frequently expressed; and (d) colonic glycoproteins in their lack of PNL and Ii determinants. This suggests that there are structural differences in the oligosaccharide backbones of the two types of glycoprotein.
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25
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Kurosaka A, Nakajima H, Funakoshi I, Matsuyama M, Nagayo T, Yamashina I. Structures of the major oligosaccharides from a human rectal adenocarcinoma glycoprotein. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)44269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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26
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Adamany AM, Blumenfeld OO, Sabo B, McCreary J. A carbohydrate structural variant of MM glycoprotein (glycophorin A). J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)44261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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27
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Van Halbeek H, Gerwig GJ, Vliegenthart JF, Smits HL, Van Kerkhof PJ, Kramer MF. Terminal alpha (1 leads to 4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine: a characteristic constituent of duodenal-gland mucous glycoproteins in rat and pig. A high-resolution 1H-NMR study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 747:107-16. [PMID: 6882773 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(83)90128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the carbohydrate chains of mucous glycoproteins from the gastro-intestinal tract was examined for species- and tissue-specificity. To this purpose, oligosaccharides were released from purified glycoprotein preparations of rat and pig gastric, duodenal-gland and small-intestinal mucus, by alkaline borohydride reductive cleavage. Based on the results of 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy and of sugar analysis of the total oligosaccharide fractions, terminal GlcNAc, alpha (1 leads to 4)-linked to galactose, appears to be a characteristic constituent of duodenal-gland oligosaccharides. Similarly, NeuAc in alpha (2 leads to 3)-linkage to galactose turns out to be a typical constituent of small-intestinal mucous glycoproteins. In general, glycoproteins from gastric mucus possess larger and more-branched carbohydrate chains than those from duodenal-gland and small-intestinal mucus. Comparing rat and pig, oligosaccharide structures for corresponding tissues are less complex for the former. After fractionation, the rat duodenal-gland oligosaccharides could be characterized by application of 1H-NMR spectroscopy as being branched tetra- up to hexa-saccharide chains, all sharing the italicized trisaccharide element. The chains exhibit microheterogeneity as to the termination by fucose in alpha (1 leads to 2)- or by GlcNAc in alpha (1 leads to 4)-linkage to galactose. The following structures can be proposed for the most abundant rat duodenal-gland oligosaccharides: (table; see text).
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28
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Wesley AW, Forstner JF, Forstner GG. Structure of intestinal-mucus glycoprotein from human post-mortem or surgical tissue: inferences from correlation analyses of sugar and sulfate composition of individual mucins. Carbohydr Res 1983; 115:151-63. [PMID: 6850678 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(83)88143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The carbohydrate composition of 14 human, small-intestine mucins, obtained at surgery or post-mortem, varied greatly from specimen to specimen with respect to individual sugars and average chain-length (ratio of total carbohydrate to N-acetylgalactosamine). Three monosaccharides, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and fucose gave good correlations with each other, and to total carbohydrate content, when expressed as a ratio to the chain-terminal N-acetylgalactosamine residue. In contrast, sialic acid gave a good correlation only with N-acetylgalactosamine. In eight specimens the molar sulfate to N-acetylgalactosamine ratios gave good correlation with the ratios of galactose to N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine to N-acetylgalactosamine, and total carbohydrate to N-acetylgalactosamine. These results indicate that the intraspecies variability of intestinal-mucin carbohydrates arises from the interdependent addition of galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, fucose, and sulfate residues. Partial correlation-analysis indicated that proportions of N-acetylglucosamine and fucose were correlated only through a mutual dependence on galactose, suggesting that the key elongating-factors involve the addition of galactose residues. The number of sialic acid residues per oligosaccharide chain remained relatively unchanged from mucin to mucin, and this, coupled with the close correlation between the proportions of sialic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine, suggests that almost all sialic acid residues are bound to the core N-acetylgalactosamine residues in intestinal mucin. High fucose-to-sialic acid and high sulfate-to-sialic acid ratios reported in some disease states are explained as the consequence of chain elongation.
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29
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Abbas SA, Barlow JJ, Matta KL. Synthesis of benzyl 2-acetamido-3-O- and -6-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-alpha -D-galactopyranoside. Carbohydr Res 1983; 112:201-11. [PMID: 6831487 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(83)88285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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30
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Van den Eijnden DH, Schiphorst WE, Berger EG. Specific detection of N-acetylglucosamine-containing oligosaccharide chains on ovine submaxillary asialomucin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 755:32-9. [PMID: 6402035 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(83)90269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human milk beta-N-acetylglucosaminide beta 1 leads to 4-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.38) was used to galactosylate ovine submaxillary asialomucin to saturation. The major [14C]galactosylated product chain was obtained as a reduced oligosaccharide by beta-elimination under reducing conditions. Analysis by Bio-Gel filtration and gas-liquid chromatography indicated that this compound was a tetrasaccharide composed of galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and reduced N-acetylgalactosamine in a molar ratio of 2:0.9:0.8. Periodate oxidation studies before and after mild acid hydrolysis in addition to thin-layer chromatography revealed that the most probable structure of the tetrasaccharide is Gal beta 1 leads to 3([14C]Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 6)GalNAcol. Thus it appears that Gal beta 1 leads to 3(GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 6)GalNAc units occur as minor chains on the asialomucin. The potential interference of these chains in the assay of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminylprotein beta 1 leads to 3-galactosyltransferase activity using ovine submaxillary asialomucin as an acceptor can be counteracted by the addition of N-acetylglucosamine.
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31
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Gangliosides with sialic acid bound to N-acetylgalactosamine from hepatopancreas of the starfish, Evasterias retifera and Asterias amurensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(82)90294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Van Halbeek H, Dorland L, Vliegenthart JF, Kochetkov NK, Arbatsky NP, Derevitskaya VA. Characterization of the primary structure and the microheterogeneity of the carbohydrate chains of porcine blood-group H substance by 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1982; 127:21-9. [PMID: 7140756 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb06832.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In blood-group H substance from pig stomach cell linings, carbohydrate structures are known to occur which are O-glycosidically linked via GalNAc to Ser or Thr of the polypeptide backbone. They have in common the Gal(beta 1 leads to 3)GalNAc core unit, which bears one or more N-acetyllactosamine branches. The latter are terminated either by Fuc in (alpha 1 leads to 2) linkage or by GlcNAc in (alpha 1 leads to 4) linkage to Gal. Both terminal sequences are considered to be porcine blood-group H antigenic determinants. Employing 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy, the spectral features of the oligosaccharide-alditols corresponding to these chains were established. Insight could be gained into the microheterogeneity displayed by some of the alditol fractions as to the distribution of the terminating Fuc and GlcNAc residues over the various branches. Such information can hardly be obtained using other approaches.
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33
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Van Halbeek H, Dorland L, Vliegenthart JF, Hull WE, Lamblin G, Lhermitte M, Boersma A, Roussel P. Primary-structure determination of fourteen neutral oligosaccharides derived from bronchial-mucus glycoproteins of patients suffering from cystic fibrosis, employing 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1982; 127:7-20. [PMID: 7140761 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb06831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The structure of carbohydrate units of bronchial-mucus glycoproteins obtained from cystic fibrosis patients was investigated by 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy and methylation analysis. To that purpose, the mucin was subjected to alkaline borohydride degradation. Neutral oligosaccharide-alditols, ranging in size from disaccharides to pentasaccharides, were isolated. Eight compounds could be purified to homogeneity; furthermore, three fractions were obtained consisting mainly of two components. For all 14 compounds the primary structure could be elucidated. 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy was found to be effective in detecting heterogeneity and to be invaluable for the determination of structures in mixtures of oligosaccharide-alditols. The structures can be divided into two groups depending on the core disaccharide. One group contains Gal(beta 1 leads to 3)GalNAc-ol as common structural element, the other GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 3)GalNAc-ol. Both disaccharides were identified as such; the other compounds can be conceived as extensions thereof. The most complex representatives of the two groups are: (formula; see text) The italicized structural elements, comprising the SSEA-1 determinant and the type-1 blood-group-H determinant, are novel sequences in oligosaccharide chains of mucin-type glycoproteins.
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34
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Nomoto H, Endo T, Inoue Y. Preparation and characterisation of fragment glycoasparagines from ovalbumin glycopeptides: reference compounds for structural and biochemical studies of the oligo-mannose and hybrid types of carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins. Carbohydr Res 1982; 107:91-101. [PMID: 7139658 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)80777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Glycoasparagines obtained after exhaustive digestion by Pronase of purified ovalbumin were partially degraded by trifluoroacetic acid or subjected to Smith degradation. The partially degraded glycoasparagines thus obtained were first fractionated according to molecular size on Dowex 50W-X2 and then further fractionated by borate chromatography on a column of Sephadex A-25. For a mixture of glycoasparagines of similar molecular size, the latter procedure fractionates according to increasing content of mannosyl cis-2,3-diol. Ten fragment glycoasparagines have been prepared from ovalbumin glycoasparagines, and the structures determined by 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy and methylation analysis.
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35
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Fukuda K, Kawashima I, Tomita M, Hamada A. Structural studies of the acidic oligosaccharide units from bovine glycophorin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1982; 717:278-88. [PMID: 7115769 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(82)90180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The O-glycosidically-linked carbohydrate units of glycophorin from bovine erythrocyte membrane were released by alkaline borohydride treatment. These oligosaccharides were separated into the neutral fractions and the acidic fractions by ion-exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration. The two acidic fractions (fractions 10 and 13) which have the smallest molecular weight in acidic oligosaccharides, were further purified by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-4 column. Two acidic oligosaccharides (fractions 10-I and 10-II), heptasaccharides, were separated by gel filtration on a Bio-Gel P-4 column from fraction 10. These structures were determined by methylation analyses, nitrous acid deamination after hydrazinolysis and Smith degradation after desialylation. In addition, the structures were also analyzed by direct-probe mass spectrometry of the permethylated derivatives before and after desialylation. These studies indicated that one of them (fraction 10-I) was NeuNGc alpha(2 leads to 3)Gal beta(1 leads to 4)GlcNac beta(1 leads to 3)Gal beta(1 leads to 4)GlcNAc beta (1 leads to 3)Gal beta(1 leads to 3)GalNAcol and another heptasaccharide (fraction 10-II) was Gal beta (1 leads to 4)GlcNAc beta (1 leads to 3)Gal beta (1 leads to 3)[NeuNGc alpha(2 leads to 3)Gal beta(1 leads to 4)GLcNAc beta(1 leads to 6)]GalNAcol. Although another acidic fraction (fraction 13, was obtained as a single peak on a Bio-Gel P-4 column, it appeared to be the mixture of a heptasaccharide, NeuNGc alpha(2 leads to 3)Gal beta(1 leads to 4)GlcNAc beta(1 leads to 3 or 6)[Gal beta (1 leads to 4)GLcNAc beta (1 leads to 6 or 3)]Gal beta (1 leads to 3)GalNAcol and an oligosaccharide similar to fraction 10-II, by analysis of two products obtained by Smith degradation after desialylation.
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36
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Cheng PW, Bona SJ. Mucin biosynthesis. Characterization of UDP-galactose: alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide beta 3 galactosyltransferase from human tracheal epithelium. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)65131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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37
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Funakoshi I, Yamashina I. Structure of O-glycosidically linked sugar units from plasma membranes of an ascites hepatoma, AH 66. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)34849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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38
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Schachter H, Williams D. Biosynthesis of mucus glycoproteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1982; 144:3-28. [PMID: 7044062 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9254-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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39
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Forstner G, Wesley A, Forstner J. Clinical aspects of gastrointestinal mucus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1982; 144:199-224. [PMID: 7044059 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9254-9_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In such a bird's eye view of a very complicated and complex literature it is inevitable that significant contributions, particularly from earlier investigators, will have been overlooked. We have tried, however, to provide a reasonable framework for the many presentations and discussions which will take place at this conference. As in the past, it is evident that much needs to be done to reconcile the excellent histochemical studies of gastrointestinal mucus in many diseases with the increasing knowledge of mucin structure and composition. This will only be achieved by extraction of highly pure mucin from diseased bowel. In this regard, post mortem material provides an opportunity for mucin researchers which is not available to workers in other fields because of relative freedom from decomposition. The wedding of mucin technology with immunology is also a major priority. Immunoassay techniques provide the answer to quick and accurate product identification in secretion studies. Specific monoclonal antibodies will provide the route to structural differentiation of antigens in complex mixtures. It is also evident that we must seek to develop a variety of controllable models for the study of functional parameters of mucus in physiological conditions, parasite rejection, neoplasia and inflammatory states. Promising initiatives have been touched upon in this review, but these must only be the beginning. One must conclude, however, by recognizing that advances in knowledge have been truly remarkable since the last conference in 1976. One senses that some of the keys which will one day unlock the gates of this "ill-defined" kingdom are already in hand, while the remainder are at least within reach.
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Hounsell EF, Lawson AM, Feizi T. Structural and antigenic diversity in mucin carbohydrate chains. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1982; 144:39-41. [PMID: 6177204 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9254-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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41
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Hounsell EF, Wood E, Feizi T, Fukuda M, Powell ME, Hakomori SI. Structural analysis of hexa- to octa-saccharide fractions isolated from sheep gastric-glycoproteins having blood-group I and i activities. Carbohydr Res 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)85927-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Paulsen H, Schnell D. Bausteine von Oligosacchariden, XXII1) Synthese der Trisaccharid-Sequenz α-D-GlcNAc-(1→4)-β-D-Gal(1→4)-D-GlcNAc aus blutgruppenaktiven Substanzen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19811140136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Mucin synthesis. I. Detection in canine submaxillary glands of an N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase which acts on mucin substrates. J Biol Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)70282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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44
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Williams D, Longmore G, Matta K, Schachter H. Mucin synthesis. II. Substrate specificity and product identification studies on canine submaxillary gland UDP-GlcNAc:Gal beta 1-3GalNAc(GlcNAc leads to GalNAc) beta 6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. J Biol Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)70283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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45
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Nitrous acid deamination of amino-oligosaccharide alditols and their per-O-methylated derivatives. Carbohydr Res 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)84565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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46
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Hounsell EF, Fukuda M, Powell ME, Feizi T, Hakomori S. A new O-glycosidically linked tri-hexosamine core structure in sheep gastric mucin: a preliminary note. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1980; 92:1143-50. [PMID: 7370026 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(80)90406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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47
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Aspinall GO, Gharia MM, Chung On Wong. Deamination of 2-amino-2-deoxyhexitols and of their per-O-methylated derivatives with nitrous acid. Carbohydr Res 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(80)90008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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48
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Chemical structure of epiglycanin, the major glycoprotein of the TA3-Ha ascites cell. The carbohydrate chains. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)86442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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49
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Akhrem AA, Avvakumov GV, Sidorova IV, Strel'chyonok OA. Methylation analysis in glycoprotein chemistry. General procedure for quantification of the products of solvolysis of permethylated glycopeptides and glycoproteins. J Chromatogr A 1979; 180:69-82. [PMID: 541450 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)80175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A technique for the gas chromatographic analysis of the products of solvolysis of permethylated glycopeptides and glycoproteins has been developed. It involves methanolysis of a permethylated compound, quantitative transformation of methyl ethers of methyl glycosides into the corresponding O-trimethylsilyl(TMS)-O-methylalditols [2-deoxy-2-(N-methyl)acetamido-O-TMS-O-methylalditols in the case of hexosamine derivatives] and gas chromatographic quantification using a single column packed with 0.4% OV-225 on surface-modified Chromosorb.
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