1
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Gerges A, Canning U. Neuroblastoma and its Target Therapies: A Medicinal Chemistry Review. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300535. [PMID: 38340043 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood malignant tumour belonging to a group of embryonic tumours originating from progenitor cells of the sympathoadrenal lineage. The heterogeneity of NB is reflected in the survival rates of those with low and intermediate risk diseases who have survival rates ranging from 85 to 90 %. However, for those identified with high-risk Stage 4 NB, the treatment options are much more limited. For this group, current treatment consists of immunotherapy (monoclonal antibodies) in combination with anti-cancer drugs and has a 40 to 50 % survival rate. The purpose of this review is to summarise NB research from a medicinal chemistry perspective and to highlight advances in targeted drug therapy in the field. The review examines the medicinal chemistry of a number of drugs tested in research, some of which are currently under clinical trial. It concludes by proposing that future medicinal chemistry research into NB should consider other possible target therapies and adopt a multi-target drug approach rather than a one-drug-one-target approach for improved efficacy and less drug-drug interaction for the treatment of NB Stage 4 (NBS4) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gerges
- Bioscience Department, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London, N7 8DB, England, United Kingdom
| | - U Canning
- Bioscience Department, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London, N7 8DB, England, United Kingdom
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2
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Song M, Qiang Y, Zhao X, Song F. Cyclin-dependent Kinase 5 and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04047-1. [PMID: 38378992 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of diseases characterized by the progressive loss of neurons, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These diseases have a high incidence and mortality rate globally, placing a heavy burden on patients and their families. The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is complex, and there are no effective treatments at present. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is a proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase that is closely related to the development and function of the nervous system. Under physiological conditions, it is involved in regulating the process of neuronal proliferation, differentiation, migration, and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we address the biological characteristics of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and its role in neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, this review highlights the underlying mechanistic linkages between cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the context of neurodegeneration. Finally, we also summarize the currently available cyclin-dependent kinase 5 inhibitors and their prospects for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Taken together, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 involved in neurodegenerative diseases can lead to the development of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalong Qiang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyong Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Kuchukulla RR, Hwang I, Kim SH, Kye Y, Park N, Cha H, Moon S, Chung HW, Lee C, Kong G, Hur W. Identification of a novel potent CDK inhibitor degrading cyclinK with a superb activity to reverse trastuzumab-resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116014. [PMID: 38061230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
CDK12 is overexpressed in HER2-positive breast cancers and promotes tumorigenesis and trastuzumab resistance. Thus CDK12 is a good therapeutic target for the HER2-positive breast tumors resistant to trastuzumab. We previously reported a novel purine-based CDK inhibitor with an ability to degrade cyclinK. Herein, we further explored and synthesized new derivatives, and identified a new potent pan-CDK inhibitor degrading cyclinK (32e). Compound 32e potently inhibited CDK12/cyclinK with IC50 = 3 nM, and suppressed the growth of the both trastuzumab-sensitive and trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines (GI50's = 9-21 nM), which is superior to a potent, clinical pan-CDK inhibitor dinaciclib. Moreover, 32e (10, 20 mg/kg, ip, twice a week) showed a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth and a more dramatic anti-cancer effect than dinaciclib in mouse in vivo orthotopic breast cancer model of trastuzumab-resistant HCC1954 cells. Kinome-wide inhibition profiling revealed that 32e at 1 μM exhibits a decent selectivity toward CDK-family kinases including CDK12 over other wildtype protein kinases. Quantitative global proteomic analysis of 32e-treated HCC1954 cells demonstrated that 32e also showed a decent selectivity in degrading cyclinK over other cyclins. Compound 32e could be developed as a drug for intractable trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancers. Our current study would provide a useful insight in designing potent cyclinK degraders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnakar Reddy Kuchukulla
- HY-KIST Bioconvergence, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimniro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Injeoung Hwang
- HY-KIST Bioconvergence, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimniro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarangro 14 gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhn Hyung Kim
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarangro 14 gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghyeon Kye
- HY-KIST Bioconvergence, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimniro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Narae Park
- Chemical & Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarangro 14 gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Heary Cha
- HY-KIST Bioconvergence, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimniro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Moon
- HY-KIST Bioconvergence, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimniro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Won Chung
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarangro 14 gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Chemical & Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarangro 14 gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Kong
- HY-KIST Bioconvergence, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimniro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarangro 14 gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 Wangsimniro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wooyoung Hur
- HY-KIST Bioconvergence, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimniro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarangro 14 gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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4
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A review on cyclin-dependent kinase 5: An emerging drug target for neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123259. [PMID: 36641018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is the serine/threonine-directed kinase mainly found in the brain and plays a significant role in developing the central nervous system. Recent evidence suggests that CDK5 is activated by specific cyclins regulating its expression and activity. P35 and p39 activate CDK5, and their proteolytic degradation produces p25 and p29, which are stable products involved in the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, a significant hallmark of various neurological diseases. Numerous high-affinity inhibitors of CDK5 have been designed, and some are marketed drugs. Roscovitine, like other drugs, is being used to minimize neurological symptoms. Here, we performed an extensive literature analysis to highlight the role of CDK5 in neurons, synaptic plasticity, DNA damage repair, cell cycle, etc. We have investigated the structural features of CDK5, and their binding mode with the designed inhibitors is discussed in detail to develop attractive strategies in the therapeutic targeting of CDK5 for neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides deeper mechanistic insights into the therapeutic potential of CDK5 inhibitors and their implications in the clinical management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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5
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Targeting cancer through recently developed purine clubbed heterocyclic scaffolds: An overview. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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6
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Tao L, Segil N. CDK2 regulates aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death through modulating c-Jun activity: Inhibiting CDK2 to preserve hearing. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1013383. [PMID: 36311033 PMCID: PMC9606710 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1013383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory hair cell death caused by the ototoxic side effects of many clinically used drugs leads to permanent sensorineural hearing loss in patients. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are widely used and well-known for their ototoxicity, but the molecular mechanisms of aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death are not well understood. This creates challenges in our attempts to alleviate or prevent such adverse side effects. Here, we report a regulatory role of CDK2 in aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death. Utilizing organotypic cultures of cochleae from neonatal mice, we show that blocking CDK2 activity by either pharmaceutical inhibition or by Cdk2 gene knockout protects hair cells against the ototoxicity of gentamicin—one of the most commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotics—by interfering with intrinsic programmed cell death processes. Specifically, we show that CDK2 inhibition delays the collapse of mitochondria and the activation of a caspase cascade. Furthermore, at the molecular level, inhibition of CDK2 activity influences proapoptotic JNK signaling by reducing the protein level of c-Jun and suppressing the gentamicin-induced upregulation of c-Jun target genes Jun and Bim. Our in vivo studies reveal that Cdk2 gene knockout animals are significantly less sensitive to gentamicin ototoxicity compared to wild-type littermates. Altogether, our work ascertains the non-cell cycle role of CDK2 in regulating aminoglycoside-induced hair cell apoptosis and sheds lights on new potential strategies for hearing protection against ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Tao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Litao Tao,
| | - Neil Segil
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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7
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Cao SL, Luo HY, Gao YC, Lan XM, Liu SY, Li B, Bao L, E. J, Ma D, Zhang GQ, Yang LR, Bao X, Zheng YL. TFP5-Mediated CDK5 Activity Inhibition Improves Diabetic Nephropathy via NGF/Sirt1 Regulating Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:829067. [PMID: 35874807 PMCID: PMC9301001 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.829067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD), during which hyperglycemia is composed of the major force for the deterioration to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, the underlying mechanism triggering the effect of hyperglycemia on DN is not very clear and the clinically available drug for hyperglycemia-induced DN is in need of urgent development. Here, we found that high glucose (HG) increased the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) dependent on P35/25 and which upregulated the oxidative stress and apoptosis of mouse podocytes (MPC-5). TFP5, a 25-amino acid peptide inhibiting CDK5 activity, decreased the secretion of inflammation cytokines in serum and kidney, and effectively protected the kidney function in db/db mouse from hyperglycemia-induced kidney injuries. In addition, TFP5 treatment decreased HG-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in MPC-5 cells and kidney tissue of db/db mouse. The principal component analysis (PCA) of RNA-seq data showed that MPC-5 cell cultured under HG, was well discriminated from that under low glucose (LG) conditions, indicating the profound influence of HG on the properties of podocytes. Furthermore, we found that HG significantly decreased the level of NGF and Sirt1, both of which correlated with CDK5 activity. Furthermore, knockdown of NGF was correlated with the decreased expression of Sirt1 while NGF overexpression leads to upregulated Sirt1 and decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis in MPC-5 cells, indicating the positive regulation between NGF and Sirt1 in podocytes. Finally, we found that K252a, an inhibitor of NGF treatment could undermine the protective role of TFP5 on hyperglycemia-induced DN in db/db mouse model. In conclusion, the CDK5-NGF/Sirt1 regulating axis may be the novel pathway to prevent DN progression and TFP5 may be a promising compound to improved hyperglycemia induced DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lu Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Ningxia Medical University Affiliated People’s Hospital of Autonomous Region of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hong-Yan Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Ningxia Medical University Affiliated People’s Hospital of Autonomous Region of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yong-Cai Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Ningxia Medical University Affiliated People’s Hospital of Autonomous Region of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Lan
- Department of Geriatrics, Ningxia Medical University Affiliated People’s Hospital of Autonomous Region of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shun-Yao Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Ningxia Medical University Affiliated People’s Hospital of Autonomous Region of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Nephrology, Ningxia Medical University Affiliated People’s Hospital of Autonomous Region of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Li Bao
- Department of Nephrology, Ningxia Medical University Affiliated People’s Hospital of Autonomous Region of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing E.
- Department of Nephrology, Ningxia Medical University Affiliated People’s Hospital of Autonomous Region of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Danna Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Ningxia Medical University Affiliated People’s Hospital of Autonomous Region of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Ningxia Medical University Affiliated People’s Hospital of Autonomous Region of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Li-Rong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Ningxia Medical University Affiliated People’s Hospital of Autonomous Region of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xi Bao
- Department of Nephrology, Ningxia Medical University Affiliated People’s Hospital of Autonomous Region of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ya-Li Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Ningxia Medical University Affiliated People’s Hospital of Autonomous Region of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Ya-Li Zheng,
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8
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Teo T, Kasirzadeh S, Albrecht H, Sykes MJ, Yang Y, Wang S. An Overview of CDK3 in Cancer: Clinical Significance and Pharmacological Implications. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Venkatanarayana M, Nuchu R, Babu HS. Ultrasound assisted effective synthesis of benzopril based indole derivatives, docking studies: And there in vitro anti-proliferative effects on various cancer cell lines. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Microwaves assisted synthesis of antitumor agents of novel azoles, azines, and azoloazines pendant to phenyl sulfone moiety and molecular docking for VEGFR-2 kinase. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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11
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Lopez JAV, Nogawa T, Yoshida K, Futamura Y, Osada H. 2-Methylthio-N7-methyl-cis-zeatin, a new antimalarial natural product isolated from a Streptomyces culture. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 86:31-36. [PMID: 34734225 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
2-Methylthio-N7-methyl-cis-zeatin (1) was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. 80H647 along with 2 known purine derivatives, 5'-methylthioinosine (2) and AT-265 (dealanylascamycin, 3). The structure elucidation of compound 1 was accomplished by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. It inhibited the growth of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 with a GI50 of 2.4 µm and had no effect on the growth of Arabidopsis at 2 µm. This is the first report of an N7-methylated zeatin-type natural product from Streptomyces and as an antimalarial compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Adam V Lopez
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Chemical Biology Research Group, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Nogawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Chemical Biology Research Group, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yoshida
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Chemical Biology Research Group, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yushi Futamura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Chemical Biology Research Group, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Chemical Biology Research Group, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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12
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Adamantane-Substituted Purines and Their β-Cyclodextrin Complexes: Synthesis and Biological Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312675. [PMID: 34884480 PMCID: PMC8657435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play an important role in the cell-division cycle. Synthetic inhibitors of CDKs are based on 2,6,9-trisubstituted purines and are developed as potential anticancer drugs; however, they have low solubility in water. In this study, we proved that the pharmaco-chemical properties of purine-based inhibitors can be improved by appropriate substitution with the adamantane moiety. We prepared ten new purine derivatives with adamantane skeletons that were linked at position 6 using phenylene spacers of variable geometry and polarity. We demonstrated that the adamantane skeleton does not compromise the biological activity, and some of the new purines displayed even higher inhibition activity towards CDK2/cyclin E than the parental compounds. These findings were supported by a docking study, which showed an adamantane scaffold inside the binding pocket participating in the complex stabilisation with non-polar interactions. In addition, we demonstrated that β-cyclodextrin (CD) increases the drug’s solubility in water, although this is at the cost of reducing the biochemical and cellular effect. Most likely, the drug concentration, which is necessary for target engagement, was decreased by competitive drug binding within the complex with β-CD.
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13
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Goel B, Tripathi N, Bhardwaj N, Jain SK. Small Molecule CDK Inhibitors for the Therapeutic Management of Cancer. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1535-1563. [PMID: 32416692 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200516152756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a group of multifunctional enzymes consisting of catalytic and regulatory subunits. The regulatory subunit, cyclin, remains dissociated under normal circumstances, and complexation of cyclin with the catalytic subunit of CDK leads to its activation for phosphorylation of protein substrates. The primary role of CDKs is in the regulation of the cell cycle. Retinoblastoma protein (Rb) is one of the widely investigated tumor suppressor protein substrates of CDK, which prevents cells from entering into cell-cycle under normal conditions. Phosphorylation of Rb by CDKs causes its inactivation and ultimately allows cells to enter a new cell cycle. Many cancers are associated with hyperactivation of CDKs as a result of mutation of the CDK genes or CDK inhibitor genes. Therefore, CDK modulators are of great interest to explore as novel therapeutic agents against cancer and led to the discovery of several CDK inhibitors to clinics. This review focuses on the current progress and development of anti-cancer CDK inhibitors from preclinical to clinical and synthetic to natural small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Nancy Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Nivedita Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Shreyans K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, India
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14
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Drug-Target Interaction Prediction Based on Adversarial Bayesian Personalized Ranking. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6690154. [PMID: 33628808 PMCID: PMC7889346 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6690154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prediction of drug-target interaction (DTI) is a key step in drug repositioning. In recent years, many studies have tried to use matrix factorization to predict DTI, but they only use known DTIs and ignore the features of drug and target expression profiles, resulting in limited prediction performance. In this study, we propose a new DTI prediction model named AdvB-DTI. Within this model, the features of drug and target expression profiles are associated with Adversarial Bayesian Personalized Ranking through matrix factorization. Firstly, according to the known drug-target relationships, a set of ternary partial order relationships is generated. Next, these partial order relationships are used to train the latent factor matrix of drugs and targets using the Adversarial Bayesian Personalized Ranking method, and the matrix factorization is improved by the features of drug and target expression profiles. Finally, the scores of drug-target pairs are achieved by the inner product of latent factors, and the DTI prediction is performed based on the score ranking. The proposed model effectively takes advantage of the idea of learning to rank to overcome the problem of data sparsity, and perturbation factors are introduced to make the model more robust. Experimental results show that our model could achieve a better DTI prediction performance.
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15
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Dodge MJ, MacNeil KM, Tessier TM, Weinberg JB, Mymryk JS. Emerging antiviral therapeutics for human adenovirus infection: Recent developments and novel strategies. Antiviral Res 2021; 188:105034. [PMID: 33577808 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are ubiquitous human pathogens that cause a significant burden of respiratory, ocular, and gastrointestinal illnesses. Although HAdV infections are generally self-limiting, pediatric and immunocompromised individuals are at particular risk for developing severe disease. Currently, no approved antiviral therapies specific to HAdV exist. Recent outbreaks underscore the need for effective antiviral agents to treat life-threatening infections. In this review we will focus on recent developments in search of potential therapeutic agents for controlling HAdV infections, with a focus on those targeting post-entry stages of the virus replicative cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie J Dodge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Katelyn M MacNeil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tanner M Tessier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jason B Weinberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
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Pyrazole[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives loaded into halloysite as potential CDK inhibitors. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120281. [PMID: 33524522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled cell proliferation is a hallmark of cancer as a result of rapid and deregulated progression through the cell cycle. The inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) activities is a promising therapeutic strategy to block cell cycle of tumor cells. In this work we reported a new example of nanocomposites based on halloysite nanotubes (HNTs)/pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives (Si306 and Si113) as anticancer agents and CDK inhibitors. HNTs/Si306 and HNTs/Si113 nanocomposites were synthesized and characterized. The release kinetics were also investigated. Antitumoral activity was evaluated on three cancer cell lines (HeLa, MDA-MB-231 and HCT116) and the effects on cell cycle arrest in HCT116 cells were evaluated. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations were performed of the complexes between Si113 or Si306 and the active site of both CDK 1 and 2.
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17
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of seliciclib derivatives as potent and selective CDK9 inhibitors for prostate cancer therapy. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Baier A, Szyszka R. Compounds from Natural Sources as Protein Kinase Inhibitors. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111546. [PMID: 33198400 PMCID: PMC7698043 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The advantage of natural compounds is their lower number of side-effects when compared to most synthetic substances. Therefore, over the past several decades, the interest in naturally occurring compounds is increasing in the search for new potent drugs. Natural compounds are playing an important role as a starting point when developing new selective compounds against different diseases. Protein kinases play a huge role in several diseases, like cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, microbial infections, or inflammations. In this review, we give a comprehensive view of natural compounds, which are/were the parent compounds in the development of more potent substances using computational analysis and SAR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baier
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Biological Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ryszard Szyszka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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19
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Shaaban MR, Farghaly TA, Alsaedi AMR. Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Evaluations of Novel Thiazoles Incorporated Diphenyl Sulfone Moiety. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1837887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R. Shaaban
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thoraya A. Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani M. R. Alsaedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Farghaly TA, Abo Alnaja AM, El-Ghamry HA, Shaaban MR. Synthesis and DNA binding of novel bioactive thiazole derivatives pendent to N-phenylmorpholine moiety. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104103. [PMID: 32717695 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An easy access to a series of N-phenylmorpholine derivatives linked with thiazole or formazan moieties were achieved using simple experimental procedure under conventional and microwaves irradiation conditions. The reaction of 2-(N-phenylmorpholine)ethylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide derivatives and [1-(4-morpholin-4-yl-phenyl)-ethylidene]-hydrazine with a variety of hydrazonoyl chlorides or phenacyl bromide derivatives afforded the corresponding thiazoles or N-substitutedhydrazino-derivatives linked to N-phenylmorpholine moiety in good to excellent yields. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were fully emphasized and characterized by spectroscopic as well as elemental analyses. The mode of binding of some selected compounds with SS-DNA was evaluated using UV-Vis absorption, and viscosity measurements. The results showed intercalation binding mode of most of the tested compounds. Both antimicrobial and anti-cancer activities have been studied for some selected compounds from synthetic derivatives. Their results showed a remarkable efficacy for some derivatives against both examined microbes and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoraya A Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Almukaramah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alaa M Abo Alnaja
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Almukaramah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoda A El-Ghamry
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Almukaramah, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Shaaban
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
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21
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Ibrahim N, Bonnet P, Brion JD, Peyrat JF, Bignon J, Levaique H, Josselin B, Robert T, Colas P, Bach S, Messaoudi S, Alami M, Hamze A. Identification of a new series of flavopiridol-like structures as kinase inhibitors with high cytotoxic potency. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 199:112355. [PMID: 32402934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, unique flavopiridol analogs bearing thiosugars, amino acids and heterocyclic moieties tethered to the flavopiridol via thioether and amine bonds mainly on its C ring have been prepared. The analogs bearing thioether-benzimidazoles as substituents have demonstrated high cytotoxic activity in vitro against up to seven cancer cell lines. Their cytotoxic effects are comparable to those of flavopiridol. The most active compound 13c resulting from a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study and in silico docking showed the best antiproliferative activity and was more efficient than the reference compound. In addition, compound 13c showed significant nanomolar inhibition against CDK9, CDK10, and GSK3β protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Ibrahim
- BioCIS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, F-92290, Châtenay Malabry, France
| | - Pascal Bonnet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), UMR7311 Université d'Orléans-CNRS, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Brion
- BioCIS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, F-92290, Châtenay Malabry, France
| | - Jean-François Peyrat
- BioCIS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, F-92290, Châtenay Malabry, France
| | - Jerome Bignon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS, F-91198, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Helene Levaique
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS, F-91198, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Béatrice Josselin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR2424, Plateforme de criblage KISSf (Kinase Inhibitor Specialized Screening Facility), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Thomas Robert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR2424, Plateforme de criblage KISSf (Kinase Inhibitor Specialized Screening Facility), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Pierre Colas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Stéphane Bach
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR2424, Plateforme de criblage KISSf (Kinase Inhibitor Specialized Screening Facility), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Samir Messaoudi
- BioCIS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, F-92290, Châtenay Malabry, France
| | - Mouad Alami
- BioCIS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, F-92290, Châtenay Malabry, France.
| | - Abdallah Hamze
- BioCIS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, F-92290, Châtenay Malabry, France.
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Hammud HH, Holman KT, Al-Noaimi M, Sheikh NS, Ghannoum AM, Bouhadir KH, Masoud MS, Karnati RK. Structures of selected transition metal complexes with 9-(2-hydroxyethyl)adenine: Potentiometric complexation and DFT studies. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Newman DJ. Modern traditional Chinese medicine: Identifying, defining and usage of TCM components. PHARMACOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN NATURAL PRODUCT DRUG DISCOVERY 2020; 87:113-158. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mohammad T, Batra S, Dahiya R, Baig MH, Rather IA, Dong JJ, Hassan I. Identification of High-Affinity Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 Towards Anticancer Therapy. Molecules 2019; 24:E4589. [PMID: 31847444 PMCID: PMC6943647 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is an essential protein kinase involved in the cell cycle regulation. The abnormal activity of CDK2 is associated with cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we have performed structure-based virtual screening of the PubChem database to identify potent CDK2 inhibitors. First, we retrieved all compounds from the PubChem database having at least 90% structural similarity with the known CDK2 inhibitors. The selected compounds were subjected to structure-based molecular docking studies to investigate their pattern of interaction and estimate their binding affinities with CDK2. Selected compounds were further filtered out based on their physicochemical and ADMET properties. Detailed interaction analysis revealed that selected compounds interact with the functionally important residues of the active site pocket of CDK2. All-atom molecular dynamics simulation was performed to evaluate conformational changes, stability and the interaction mechanism of CDK2 in-complex with the selected compound. We found that binding of 6-N,6-N-dimethyl-9-(2-phenylethyl)purine-2,6-diamine stabilizes the structure of CDK2 and causes minimal conformational change. Finally, we suggest that the compound (PubChem ID 101874157) would be a promising scaffold to be further exploited as a potential inhibitor of CDK2 for therapeutic management of cancer after required validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India; (T.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Sagar Batra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Rajasthan 303002, India;
| | - Rashmi Dahiya
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India; (T.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06273, Korea; (M.H.B.); (J.-J.D.)
| | - Irfan Ahmad Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jae-June Dong
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06273, Korea; (M.H.B.); (J.-J.D.)
| | - Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India; (T.M.); (R.D.)
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CDK5: Key Regulator of Apoptosis and Cell Survival. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7040088. [PMID: 31698798 PMCID: PMC6966452 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The atypical cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is considered as a neuron-specific kinase that plays important roles in many cellular functions including cell motility and survival. The activation of CDK5 is dependent on interaction with its activator p35, p39, or p25. These activators share a CDK5-binding domain and form a tertiary structure similar to that of cyclins. Upon activation, CDK5/p35 complexes localize primarily in the plasma membrane, cytosol, and perinuclear region. Although other CDKs are activated by cyclins, binding of cyclin D and E showed no effect on CDK5 activation. However, it has been shown that CDK5 can be activated by cyclin I, which results in anti-apoptotic functions due to the increased expression of Bcl-2 family proteins. Treatment with the CDK5 inhibitor roscovitine sensitizes cells to heat-induced apoptosis and its phosphorylation, which results in prevention of the apoptotic protein functions. Here, we highlight the regulatory mechanisms of CDK5 and its roles in cellular processes such as gene regulation, cell survival, and apoptosis.
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26
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The strigolactone analog GR-24 inhibits angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro by a mechanism involving cytoskeletal reorganization and VEGFR2 signalling. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:366-383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Design, synthesis and molecular docking of novel pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine derivatives as CDK2 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103239. [PMID: 31513938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin Dependent Kinases CDKs unpredictable activity has been accounted for a wide assortment of human malignancies, so it might be conceivable to design pharmacologically relevant ligands that go about as specific and potent inhibitors of CDK2 action. In this respect, a series of novel pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for CDK2 enzyme inhibitory and anticancer activity. Compounds 9f and 10c showed best CDK2 inhibition among the newly synthesized compounds, with percent inhibition at 82.38%, and 81.96% against CDK2 and IC50 of 1.85 and 2.09 µM, respectively. Additionally, the newly synthesized compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activity against 60 NCI cell lines. Molecular docking revealed the binding mode of these new compounds into the roscovitine binding site of CDK2 enzyme (PDB code: 3ddq). Conclusively, pyrazolotriazine derivatives represent a talented starting point for further study as anticancer drug.
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Maher M, Kassab AE, Zaher AF, Mahmoud Z. Novel Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as Potential Cytotoxic Agents: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking and CDK2 Inhibition. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:1368-1381. [PMID: 31038080 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190417153350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold was reported to possess potent cytotoxic and CDK2 inhibitory activity as analogue of roscovitine. OBJECTIVE To design and synthesize novel 1-(4-flourophenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives as bioisosters of roscovitine with potential cytotoxic and CDK2 inhibitory activity. METHODS A series of novel 1-(4-flourophenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines were designed and synthesized. Structural elucidation for all the newly synthesized compounds was achieved through performing MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR spectral techniques. Eight compounds were screened for their cytotoxic activity by National Cancer Institute (USA) against 60 different human cancer cell lines. Compounds 2a, 4, 6, 7b, 8a and 8b were further studied through the determination of their IC50 values against the most sensitive cell lines. The inhibitory activities of compounds 2a and 4 were evaluated against CDK2 enzyme. RESULTS Compound 4 exhibited the most prominent broad-spectrum cytotoxic activity against 42 cell lines representing all human cancer types showing growth inhibition percentages from 53.19 to 99.39. Compound 2a showed promising selectivity against several cell lines. Moreover, all the test compounds exhibited potent cytotoxic activity in nanomolar to micromolar range with IC50 values ranging from 0.58 to 8.32μM. Compound 2a showed significant cytotoxic activity against CNS (SNB-75), lung (NCI-H460) and ovarian (OVCAR-4) cancer cell lines with IC50 values 0.64, 0.78 and 1.9μM, respectively. Compound 4 showed promising potency against leukemia (HL-60) and CNS (SNB-75) cell lines (IC50 = 0.58 and 0.94μM, sequentially). Moreover, the antiproliferative activities of compounds 2a and 4 appeared to correlate well with their ability to inhibit CDK2 at sub-micromolar level (IC50 = 0.69 and 0.67μM, respectively) that were comparable to roscovitine (IC50=0.44μM). The Molecular docking results revealed that compound 4 interacted with the same key amino acids as roscovitine in the active site of CDK2 enzyme with a marked docking score (-14.1031 kcal/mol). CONCLUSION 1-(4-Flourophenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine is a promising scaffold for the design and synthesis of potent cytotoxic leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Maher
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Asmaa E Kassab
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ashraf F Zaher
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Letham DS, Zhang XD, Hocart CH. The Synthesis of ³H-Labelled 8-Azido-N⁶-Benzyladenine and Related Compounds for Photoaffinity Labelling of Cytokinin-Binding Proteins. Molecules 2019; 24:E349. [PMID: 30669410 PMCID: PMC6359637 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The biology of the group of plant hormones termed cytokinins is reviewed to reveal areas where further studies of cytokinin-binding proteins could be significant. Such areas include: inhibition of human tumour cell growth by cytokinin ribosides, the role of cytokinins in the development of diverse micro-organisms including the cyanobacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the very rapid responses of plant cells to exogenous cytokinins, and other aspects of cytokinin plant biology. Photoaffinity labelling (PAL) coupled to the recent advances in HPLC of proteins and mass spectral analysis and sequencing of proteins, may have relevance to these areas. To facilitate PAL, we present experimental details for two methods for synthesis of 8-azido-N⁶-benzyladenine, which has the azido affinity group in the preferred position of the purine ring. Synthesis from [2-³H]adenosine yielded the above-mentioned PAL reagent with ³H in the purine ring and also gave labelled 9-riboside and 8-azido-N⁶,9-dibenzyladenine. 8-Azido-N⁶-benzyladenine was also prepared from 6,8-dichloropurine by a facile synthesis, which would allow a label to be sited in the benzyl group where substituents can also be introduced to vary cytokinin activity. The use of inactive cytokinin analogues in assessing the significance of PAL is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Letham
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia.
| | - Xue-Dong Zhang
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia.
| | - Charles H Hocart
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Long Shuo Rd, Wei Yang District, Shaanxi 710021, China.
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Sonawane V, Mohd Siddique MU, Jadav SS, Sinha BN, Jayaprakash V, Chaudhuri B. Cink4T, a quinazolinone-based dual inhibitor of Cdk4 and tubulin polymerization, identified via ligand-based virtual screening, for efficient anticancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 165:115-132. [PMID: 30665142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of cyclin dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) prevents cancer cells from entering the early G0/G1 phase of the cell division cycle whereas inhibiting tubulin polymerization blocks cancer cells' ability to undergo mitosis (M) late in the cell cycle. We had reported earlier that two non-planar and relatively non-toxic fascaplysin derivatives, an indole and a tryptoline, inhibit Cdk4 with IC50 values of 6.2 and 10 μM, respectively. Serendipitously, we had also found that they inhibited tubulin polymerization. The molecules were efficacious in mouse tumor models. We have now identified Cink4T in a 59-compound quinazolinone library, designed on the basis of ligand-based virtual screening, as a compound that inhibits Cdk4 and tubulin. Its IC50 value for Cdk4 inhibition is 0.47 μM and >50 μM for inhibition of Cdk1, Cdk2, Cdk6, Cdk9. Cink4T inhibits tubulin polymerization with an IC50 of 0.6 μM. Molecular modelling studies on Cink4T with Cdk4 and tubulin crystal structures lend support to these observations. Cancer cell cycle analyses confirm that Cink4T blocks cells at both G0/G1 and M phases as it should if it were to inhibit both Cdk4 and tubulin polymerization. Our results show, for the very first time, that virtual screening can be used to design novel inhibitors that can potently block two crucial phases of the cell division cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Sonawane
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Mohd Usman Mohd Siddique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | | | - Barij Nayan Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Venkatesan Jayaprakash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India.
| | - Bhabatosh Chaudhuri
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK.
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New cytokinin derivatives possess UVA and UVB photoprotective effect on human skin cells and prevent oxidative stress. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:946-957. [PMID: 29604584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Eleven 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin, Kin) derivatives were synthesized to obtain biologically active compounds. The prepared compounds were characterized using 1H NMR, mass spectrometry combined with HPLC purity determination and elemental C, H, N analyses. The biological activity of new derivatives was tested on plant cells and tissues in cytokinin bioassays, such as tobacco callus, detached wheat leaf chlorophyll retention bioassay and Amaranthus bioassay. The selected compounds were subsequently tested on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT) to exclude possible phototoxic effects and, on the other hand, to reveal possible UVA and UVB photoprotective activity. The protective antioxidant activity of the prepared cytokinin derivatives was further studied and compared to previously prepared antisenescent compound 6-furfurylamino-9-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)purine (Kin-THF) using induced oxidative stress (OS) on nematode Caenorhabditis elegans damaged by 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (juglone), a generator of reactive oxygen species. The observed biological activity was interpreted in relation to the structure of the prepared derivatives. The most potent oxidative stress protection of all the prepared compounds was shown by 6-(thiophen-2-ylmethylamino)-9-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)purine (6) and 2-chloro-6-furfurylamino-9-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)purine (9) derivatives and the results were comparable to Kin-THF. Compounds 6 and 9 were able to significantly protect human skin cells against UV radiation in vitro. Both the derivatives 6 and 9 showed higher protective activity in comparison to previously known structurally similar compounds Kin and Kin-THF. The obtained results are surprising due to the fact that the prepared compounds showed to be inactive in the ORAC assay which proved that the compounds did not act as direct antioxidants as they were unable to directly scavenge oxygen radicals.
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Chenette EJ, Martin SJ. 50 years of The FEBS Journal: looking back as well as ahead. FEBS J 2018; 284:4162-4171. [PMID: 29251437 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this last issue of 2017, we're celebrating the 50th anniversary of The FEBS Journal. This Editorial considers how the journal has grown and changed from volume 1, issue 1 and outlines our exciting plans for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seamus J Martin
- The FEBS Journal Editorial Office, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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33
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Singh U, Chashoo G, Khan SU, Mahajan P, Nargotra A, Mahajan G, Singh A, Sharma A, Mintoo MJ, Guru SK, Aruri H, Thatikonda T, Sahu P, Chibber P, Kumar V, Mir SA, Bharate SS, Madishetti S, Nandi U, Singh G, Mondhe DM, Bhushan S, Malik F, Mignani S, Vishwakarma RA, Singh PP. Design of Novel 3-Pyrimidinylazaindole CDK2/9 Inhibitors with Potent In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Efficacy in a Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Model. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9470-9489. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umed Singh
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Gousia Chashoo
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Sameer U. Khan
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Priya Mahajan
- Discovery Informatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Amit Nargotra
- Discovery Informatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Girish Mahajan
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Amarinder Singh
- Pharmacokinetic & Pharmacodynamic Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Anjna Sharma
- Pharmacokinetic & Pharmacodynamic Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Mubashir J. Mintoo
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Guru
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Hariprasad Aruri
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Thanusha Thatikonda
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Promod Sahu
- Pharmacokinetic & Pharmacodynamic Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Pankaj Chibber
- Pharmacokinetic & Pharmacodynamic Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Preformulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Sameer A. Mir
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Sonali S. Bharate
- Preformulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Sreedhar Madishetti
- Pharmacokinetic & Pharmacodynamic Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- Pharmacokinetic & Pharmacodynamic Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Gurdarshan Singh
- Pharmacokinetic & Pharmacodynamic Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Dilip Manikrao Mondhe
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Sector-23, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Serge Mignani
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
- PRES Sorbonne
Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 860, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie
Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, Université Paris Descartes, 45,
rue des Saints Péres, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Ram A. Vishwakarma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
| | - Parvinder Pal Singh
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180001, India
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Kim JE, Kang TC. Suppression of nucleocytoplasmic p27 Kip1 export attenuates CDK4-mediated neuronal death induced by status epilepticus. Neurosci Res 2017; 132:46-52. [PMID: 29024678 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant cell cycle re-entry promotes neuronal death in various neurological diseases. Thus, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) seem to be one of potential therapeutic targets to prevent neuronal loss. In the present study, we investigated the involvements of CDK4, CDK5 and p27Kip1 (an endogenous CDK inhibitor) in status epilepticus (SE)-induced neuronal death. Following SE, CDK4 expression was increased in CA1 neurons, while CDK5 was decreased. Most of TUNEL-positive neurons showed CDK4 expression, but less CDK5 expression. Flavopiridol (a CDK4 inhibitor) attenuated TUNEL signal and CDK4 expression in CA1 neurons following SE. CDK5 inhibitors did not affect these phenomena. Both flavopiridol and leptomycin B (an inhibitor of chromosome region maintenance 1) mitigated SE-induced neuronal death by inhibiting nucleocytoplasmic p27Kip1 translocation. These findings suggest that SE may lead to nucleocytoplasmic p27Kip1 export that initiates CDK4, not CDK5, induction, which an abortive and fatal cell cycle re-entry progress in CA1 neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Cheon Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Dysregulation of cell cycle control is a hallmark of melanomagenesis. Agents targeting the G1-S and G2-M checkpoints, as well as direct anti-mitotic agents, have all shown promising preclinical activity in melanoma. However, in vivo, standalone single agents targeting cell cycle regulation have only demonstrated modest efficacy in unselected patients. The advent of specific CDK 4/6 inhibitors targeting the G1-S transition, with an improved therapeutic index, is a significant step forward. Potential synergy exists with the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors with existing therapies targeting the MAPK pathway, particularly in subsets of metastatic melanomas such as NRAS and BRAF mutants. This reviews summaries of the latest developments in both preclinical and clinical data with cell cycle-targeted therapies in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Grant McArthur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia. .,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, East Melbourne, Australia. .,Translational Research Laboratory, Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Australia. .,Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, VIC, 8006, Australia.
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Barage S, Kulkarni A, Pal JK, Joshi M. Unravelling the structural interactions between PKR kinase domain and its small molecule inhibitors using computational approaches. J Mol Graph Model 2017. [PMID: 28628858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), an eIF2α kinase plays an important role in anti-viral response, apoptosis and cell survival. It is also implicated to play a role in several cancers, metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. A few ATP competitive inhibitors of the PKR have been reported in the literature with promising results in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to unravel the structural interactions between these inhibitors and the PKR kinase domain using molecular simulations and docking. Our study reveals that the reported inhibitors bind in the adenine pocket and form hydrogen bonds with the hinge region and vdW interactions with non-polar residues in the binding site. The most potent inhibitor has several favorable interactions with the binding site and induces the P-loop to fold inward, creating a significant hydrophobic enclosure for itself. The computed binding free energies of these inhibitors are in accord with experimental data (IC50). Strategies to design potent and selective PKR inhibitors are discussed to overcome the reported promiscuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Barage
- Bioinformatics Centre, S. P. Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | | | - Jayanta K Pal
- Department of Biotechnology, S. P. Pune University, Pune 411007, India; Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune 411033, India
| | - Manali Joshi
- Bioinformatics Centre, S. P. Pune University, Pune 411007, India.
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37
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Tau secretion is correlated to an increase of Golgi dynamics. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178288. [PMID: 28552936 PMCID: PMC5446162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau protein can be released by neurons, an event linked to the propagation of Tau pathology in Alzheimer’disease (AD). Neuronal hyperexcitability was shown to significantly increase Tau release by neurons. We confirmed this in the present study. In a previous study, it was demonstrated that hyperexcitability induces Golgi apparatus dynamics resulting in its fragmentation. Our present results revealed that the increase of Tau secretion upon hyperexcitability could be significantly reduced by preventing Golgi dynamics through the inactivation of cdk5. We then verified whether a Golgi fragmentation not induced by hyperexcitability could also increase Tau secretion. The suppression of Rab1A, Rab GTPase associated with the Golgi membranes, known to induce a Golgi fragmentation increased Tau secretion by both neurons and HeLa cells. Although it remains to be demonstrated whether the Golgi is directly involved in Tau secretion, the present results demonstrate that its dynamics are correlated to a modulation of Tau secretion.
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38
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Liao R, Mizzen CA. Site-specific regulation of histone H1 phosphorylation in pluripotent cell differentiation. Epigenetics Chromatin 2017; 10:29. [PMID: 28539972 PMCID: PMC5440973 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-017-0135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural variation among histone H1 variants confers distinct modes of chromatin binding that are important for differential regulation of chromatin condensation, gene expression and other processes. Changes in the expression and genomic distributions of H1 variants during cell differentiation appear to contribute to phenotypic differences between cell types, but few details are known about the roles of individual H1 variants and the significance of their disparate capacities for phosphorylation. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of interphase phosphorylation at specific sites in individual H1 variants during the differentiation of pluripotent NT2 and mouse embryonic stem cells and characterized the kinases involved in regulating specific H1 variant phosphorylations in NT2 and HeLa cells. RESULTS Here, we show that the global levels of phosphorylation at H1.5-Ser18 (pS18-H1.5), H1.2/H1.5-Ser173 (pS173-H1.2/5) and H1.4-Ser187 (pS187-H1.4) are regulated differentially during pluripotent cell differentiation. Enrichment of pS187-H1.4 near the transcription start site of pluripotency factor genes in pluripotent cells is markedly reduced upon differentiation, whereas pS187-H1.4 levels at housekeeping genes are largely unaltered. Selective inhibition of CDK7 or CDK9 rapidly diminishes pS187-H1.4 levels globally and its enrichment at housekeeping genes, and similar responses were observed following depletion of CDK9. These data suggest that H1.4-S187 is a bona fide substrate for CDK9, a notion that is further supported by the significant colocalization of CDK9 and pS187-H1.4 to gene promoters in reciprocal re-ChIP analyses. Moreover, treating cells with actinomycin D to inhibit transcription and trigger the release of active CDK9/P-TEFb from 7SK snRNA complexes induces the accumulation of pS187-H1.4 at promoters and gene bodies. Notably, the levels of pS187-H1.4 enrichment after actinomycin D treatment or cell differentiation reflect the extent of CDK9 recruitment at the same loci. Remarkably, the global levels of H1.5-S18 and H1.2/H1.5-S173 phosphorylation are not affected by these transcription inhibitor treatments, and selective inhibition of CDK2 does not affect the global levels of phosphorylation at H1.4-S187 or H1.5-S18. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide strong evidence that H1 variant interphase phosphorylation is dynamically regulated in a site-specific and gene-specific fashion during pluripotent cell differentiation, and that enrichment of pS187-H1.4 at genes is positively related to their transcription. H1.4-S187 is likely to be a direct target of CDK9 during interphase, suggesting the possibility that this particular phosphorylation may contribute to the release of paused RNA pol II. In contrast, the other H1 variant phosphorylations we investigated appear to be mediated by distinct kinases and further analyses are needed to determine their functional significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Liao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, B107 Chemistry and Life Sciences Building, MC-123 601 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Craig A Mizzen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, B107 Chemistry and Life Sciences Building, MC-123 601 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 USA.,Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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39
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Wang F, Qiu Y, Zhang HM, Hanson P, Ye X, Zhao G, Xie R, Tong L, Yang D. Heat shock protein 70 promotes coxsackievirus B3 translation initiation and elongation via Akt-mTORC1 pathway depending on activation of p70S6K and Cdc2. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia, Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia, Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Huifang M. Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia, Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Paul Hanson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia, Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia, Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Guangze Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia, Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Ronald Xie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia, Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia, Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Decheng Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia, Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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Bailon-Moscoso N, Cevallos-Solorzano G, Romero-Benavides JC, Orellana MIR. Natural Compounds as Modulators of Cell Cycle Arrest: Application for Anticancer Chemotherapies. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:106-131. [PMID: 28367072 PMCID: PMC5345333 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160808125645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds from various plants, microorganisms and marine species play an important role in the discovery novel components that can be successfully used in numerous biomedical applications, including anticancer therapeutics. Since uncontrolled and rapid cell division is a hallmark of cancer, unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying mitosis is key to understanding how various natural compounds might function as inhibitors of cell cycle progression. A number of natural compounds that inhibit the cell cycle arrest have proven effective for killing cancer cells in vitro, in vivo and in clinical settings. Significant advances that have been recently made in the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the cell cycle regulation using the chemotherapeutic agents is of great importance for improving the efficacy of targeted therapeutics and overcoming resistance to anticancer drugs, especially of natural origin, which inhibit the activities of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, as well as other proteins and enzymes involved in proper regulation of cell cycle leading to controlled cell proliferation.
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41
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Voller J, Maková B, Kadlecová A, Gonzalez G, Strnad M. Plant Hormone Cytokinins for Modulating Human Aging and Age-Related Diseases. HEALTHY AGEING AND LONGEVITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63001-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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42
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Takan G, Guldu OK, Medine EI. Radioiodination of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor Olomoucine loaded Fe@Au nanoparticle and evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy on cancerous cells. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2016-2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles have promising biomedical applications such as drug delivery, novel therapeutics and diagnostic imaging. Magnetic drug delivery combination works on the delivery of magnetic nanoparticles loaded with drug to the target tissue by means of an external magnetic field. Gold coated iron oxide (Fe@Au) nanoparticles can provide useful surface chemistry and biological reactivity. Covalent conjugation to the Fe@Au nanoparticles through cleavable linkages can be used to deliver drugs to tumor cells, then the drug can be released by an external. In this paper, purine based cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) inhibitor Olomoucine (Olo) [2-(Hydroxyethylamino)-6-benzylamino-9-methylpurine] was loaded on gold coated iron oxide (Fe@Au) nanoparticles and radiolabeled with 131I to combine magnetic targeted drug delivery and radiotherapy. Fe@Au nanoparticles were synthesized by microemulsion method. The characterization of nanoparticles was examined by TEM, VSM and XRD. Amine activation was utilized by cysteamine hydrochloride and then CDI was used for conjugation of Olomoucine. Antiproliferative effect and cytotoxicity of Olomoucine loaded Fe@Au nanoparticles (Fe@Au-Olo) were investigated on MCF7 and A549 cell lines. Proliferation rate was decreased while uptake of Fe@Au-Olo on both cell lines was high in comparison with Olomoucine. Also, enhanced incorporation ratio was observed under external magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Takan
- Ege University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Nuclear Applications, (35100) Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozge Kozgus Guldu
- Ege University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Nuclear Applications, (35100) Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emin Ilker Medine
- Ege University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Nuclear Applications, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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43
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Roesley SNA, Suryadinata R, Morrish E, Tan AR, Issa SMA, Oakhill JS, Bernard O, Welch DR, Šarčević B. Cyclin-dependent kinase-mediated phosphorylation of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) affects cell migration. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:137-51. [PMID: 26771717 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1121328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of Breast Cancer Metastasis Suppressor 1 (BRMS1) reduces the incidence of metastasis in many human cancers, without affecting tumorigenesis. BRMS1 carries out this function through several mechanisms, including regulation of gene expression by binding to the mSin3/histone deacetylase (HDAC) transcriptional repressor complex. In the present study, we show that BRMS1 is a novel substrate of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) that is phosphorylated on serine 237 (S237). Although CDKs are known to regulate cell cycle progression, the mutation of BRMS1 on serine 237 did not affect cell cycle progression and proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells; however, their migration was affected. Phosphorylation of BRMS1 does not affect its association with the mSin3/HDAC transcriptional repressor complex or its transcriptional repressor activity. The serine 237 phosphorylation site is immediately proximal to a C-terminal nuclear localization sequence that plays an important role in BRMS1-mediated metastasis suppression but phosphorylation does not control BRMS1 subcellular localization. Our studies demonstrate that CDK-mediated phosphorylation of BRMS1 regulates the migration of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nur Ain Roesley
- a Cell Cycle and Cancer Unit , St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Victoria , Australia.,b Department of Medicine , University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | | | - Emma Morrish
- a Cell Cycle and Cancer Unit , St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Victoria , Australia
| | | | - Samah M A Issa
- e Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Victoria , Australia
| | - Jonathan S Oakhill
- e Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Victoria , Australia
| | - Ora Bernard
- b Department of Medicine , University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Danny R Welch
- f Department of Cancer Biology and The University of Kansas Cancer Center , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
| | - Boris Šarčević
- a Cell Cycle and Cancer Unit , St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Victoria , Australia.,b Department of Medicine , University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
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44
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Cortese D, Chegaev K, Guglielmo S, Wang LZ, Golding BT, Cano C, Fruttero R. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of N(2) -Substituted 2,4-Diamino-6-cyclohexylmethoxy-5-nitrosopyrimidines and Related 5-Cyano-NNO-azoxy Derivatives as Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1705-8. [PMID: 27355194 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The potent and selective cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibitor NU6027 (6-cyclohexylmethoxy-5-nitroso-2,4-diaminopyrimidine) was used as the lead for the synthesis of a series of analogues in order to provide further insight into the structure-activity relationships for 2,4-diaminopyrimidine CDK2 inhibitors. Aliphatic amino substituents were introduced at position 2. The use of linear or less sterically hindered amines gave rise to compounds endowed with slightly better activity than the lead; on the other hand, the compounds were less active if a bulkier amino substituent was used. Substitution of the 5-nitroso group with a 5-cyano-NNO-azoxy moiety afforded a new class of inhibitors, the activity of which against CDK2 was found to be similar to that of the nitroso series. The most active nitroso compound was 8 b ((2S)-2-[(4-amino-6-cyclohexylmethoxy-5-nitrosopyrimidin-2-yl)amino]propan-1-ol; IC50 =0.16 μm), while in the 5-cyano-NNO-azoxy series the most active compound was 9 b (4-amino-5-[(Z)-cyano-NNO-azoxy]-2-{[(2S)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]amino}-6-cyclohexylmethoxypyrimidine; IC50 =0.30 μm). Taken together, these new analogues of NU6027 enhance our understanding of the structure-activity relationships for 2,4-diaminopyrimidine CDK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cortese
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Konstantin Chegaev
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Guglielmo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Lan Z Wang
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Bernard T Golding
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Bedson Building, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Céline Cano
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Bedson Building, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy.
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45
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Zhang S, Ulrich M, Gromnicka A, Havlíček L, Kryštof V, Jorda R, Strnad M, Vollmar AM, Zahler S. Anti-angiogenic effects of novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors with a pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2645-56. [PMID: 27390037 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) has recently emerged as an attractive target in several tumour entities. Inhibition of CDK5 has been shown to have anti-angiogenic effects in vitro and in vivo. However, potent inhibitors of CDK5, which can be applied in vivo, are still scarce. We have recently developed a new series of 5-substituted 3-isopropyl-7-[4-(2-pyridyl)benzyl]amino-1(2)H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines that show a preference for inhibiting CDK5 and tested them in vitro and in vivo in a murine model of hepatocellular carcinoma. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH All compounds were initially examined for effects on proliferation of HUVECs. The most potent compounds were then tested on migration, and one of them, LGR2674, was selected for assessing effects on nuclear fragmentation, cell cycle, cell viability and metabolic activity. Furthermore, LGR2674 was tested in a tube formation assay and in vivo in a murine model of hepatocellular carcinoma, induced by s.c. injection of HUH7 cells (measurement of in vivo toxicity, tumour vascularization, tumour cell proliferation and tumour size). KEY RESULTS LGR2674 showed an EC50 in the low nanomolar range in the proliferation and migration assays. Cytotoxic effects started at 50 nM, a concentration that did not influence the cell cycle. In vivo, LGR2674 was well tolerated and caused a clear reduction in vessel density in the tumours; also tumour cell proliferation was inhibited and tumour growth retarded. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine is a novel scaffold for the development of potent CDK inhibitors with in vivo potential. Such structures are good candidates for broadening our pharmacological arsenal against various tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - M Ulrich
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - A Gromnicka
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - L Havlíček
- Isotope laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Kryštof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - R Jorda
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A M Vollmar
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - S Zahler
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Skalnikova H, Halada P, Dzubak P, Hajduch M, Kovarova H. Protein Fingerprints of Anti-cancer Effects of Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibition: Identification of Candidate Biomarkers Using 2-D Liquid Phase Separation Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2016; 4:447-54. [PMID: 16029063 DOI: 10.1177/153303460500400412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to apply a recently introduced proteomic based approach to identify candidate biomarkers of the response to anticancer activity of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, bohemine. Mapping of the total protein expression of CEM lymphoblastic leukemia cells following bohemine treatment was performed by 2-D liquid phase separation. Proteins were fractionated by isoelectric points in pH gradient in the first dimension and each of these pI protein fractions was further separated by hydrophobicity using non-porous silica reverse phase chromatography in the second dimension. 2-D protein expression maps of control untreated and bohemine treated cells were generated and inter-sample comparison was performed. Most of the differentially expressed proteins were present at a decreased level after bohemine treatment while there were four proteins, which were up regulated. These proteins representing candidate biomarkers of cancer cell response to the treatment were selected for identification by mass spectrometry. Our results demonstrating down regulation of three histone variants, different in their pI and hydrophobicity, in response to bohemine indicated that anti-mitotic and anti-cancer activities of this compound may be associated with epigenetic regulation at the level of chromatin structure. Furthermore, crk-like adaptor scaffolding protein represents a new important protein family affected by bohemine. This strategy is valuable for comprehensive proteomic analysis of cellular protein targets and pathways that are relevant to anticancer activity of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Biomarkers/chemistry
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatin/chemistry
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Isoelectric Focusing
- Mass Spectrometry/methods
- Models, Chemical
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Peptide Mapping
- Proteome
- Proteomics/methods
- Purines/chemistry
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Skalnikova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic
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47
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Duchon A, Herault Y. DYRK1A, a Dosage-Sensitive Gene Involved in Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Is a Target for Drug Development in Down Syndrome. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:104. [PMID: 27375444 PMCID: PMC4891327 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is one of the leading causes of intellectual disability, and patients with DS face various health issues, including learning and memory deficits, congenital heart disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD), leukemia, and cancer, leading to huge medical and social costs. Remarkable advances on DS research have been made in improving cognitive function in mouse models for future therapeutic approaches in patients. Among the different approaches, DYRK1A inhibitors have emerged as promising therapeutics to reduce DS cognitive deficits. DYRK1A is a dual-specificity kinase that is overexpressed in DS and plays a key role in neurogenesis, outgrowth of axons and dendrites, neuronal trafficking and aging. Its pivotal role in the DS phenotype makes it a prime target for the development of therapeutics. Recently, disruption of DYRK1A has been found in Autosomal Dominant Mental Retardation 7 (MRD7), resulting in severe mental deficiency. Recent advances in the development of kinase inhibitors are expected, in the near future, to remove DS from the list of incurable diseases, providing certain conditions such as drug dosage and correct timing for the optimum long-term treatment. In addition the exact molecular and cellular mechanisms that are targeted by the inhibition of DYRK1A are still to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Duchon
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirch, France; UMR7104, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueIllkirch, France; U964, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleIllkirch, France; Université de StrasbourgIllkirch, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirch, France; UMR7104, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueIllkirch, France; U964, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleIllkirch, France; Université de StrasbourgIllkirch, France; PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Groupement d'Intérêt Économique-Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine, CNRS, INSERMIllkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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48
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Sonawane YA, Taylor MA, Napoleon JV, Rana S, Contreras JI, Natarajan A. Cyclin Dependent Kinase 9 Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8667-8684. [PMID: 27171036 PMCID: PMC5636177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
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Cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors
have been the topic of intense research for nearly 2 decades due to
their widely varied and critical functions within the cell. Recently
CDK9 has emerged as a druggable target for the development of cancer
therapeutics. CDK9 plays a crucial role in transcription regulation;
specifically, CDK9 mediated transcriptional regulation of short-lived
antiapoptotic proteins is critical for the survival of transformed
cells. Focused chemical libraries based on a plethora of scaffolds
have resulted in mixed success with regard to the development of selective
CDK9 inhibitors. Here we review the regulation of CDK9, its cellular
functions, and common core structures used to target CDK9, along with
their selectivity profile and efficacy in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh A Sonawane
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6805, United States
| | - Margaret A Taylor
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6805, United States
| | - John Victor Napoleon
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6805, United States
| | - Sandeep Rana
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6805, United States
| | - Jacob I Contreras
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6805, United States
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6805, United States
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Xiao Z, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Strategies for the Optimization of Natural Leads to Anticancer Drugs or Drug Candidates. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:32-91. [PMID: 26359649 PMCID: PMC4679534 DOI: 10.1002/med.21377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have made significant contribution to cancer chemotherapy over the past decades and remain an indispensable source of molecular and mechanistic diversity for anticancer drug discovery. More often than not, natural products may serve as leads for further drug development rather than as effective anticancer drugs by themselves. Generally, optimization of natural leads into anticancer drugs or drug candidates should not only address drug efficacy, but also improve absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiles and chemical accessibility associated with the natural leads. Optimization strategies involve direct chemical manipulation of functional groups, structure-activity relationship directed optimization and pharmacophore-oriented molecular design based on the natural templates. Both fundamental medicinal chemistry principles (e.g., bioisosterism) and state-of-the-art computer-aided drug design techniques (e.g., structure-based design) can be applied to facilitate optimization efforts. In this review, the strategies to optimize natural leads to anticancer drugs or drug candidates are illustrated with examples and described according to their purposes. Furthermore, successful case studies on lead optimization of bioactive compounds performed in the Natural Products Research Laboratories at UNC are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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50
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Akiba Y, Mizuta A, Kakihara Y, Nakata J, Nihara J, Saito I, Egusa H, Saeki M. The inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases and GSK-3β enhance osteoclastogenesis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 5:253-258. [PMID: 28955831 PMCID: PMC5600418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells with bone resorption activity that is crucial for bone remodeling. RANK‐RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand) signaling has been shown as a main signal pathway for osteoclast differentiation. However, the molecular mechanism and the factors regulating osteoclastogenesis remain to be fully understood. In this study, we performed a chemical genetic screen, and identified a Cdks/GSK-3β (cyclin-dependent kinases/glycogen synthase kinase 3β) inhibitor, kenpaullone, and two Cdks inhibitors, olomoucine and roscovitine, all of which significantly enhance osteoclastogenesis of RAW264.7 cells by upregulating NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1) levels. We also determined that the all three compounds increase the number of osteoclast differentiated from murine bone marrow cells. Furthermore, the three inhibitors, especially kenpaullone, promoted maturation of cathepsin K, suggesting that the resorption activity of the resultant osteoclasts is also activated. Our findings indicate that inhibition of GSK-3β and/or Cdks enhance osteoclastogenesis by modulating the RANK–RANKL signaling pathway. We performed a chemical genetic screen to identify drugs which modulate osteoclastogenesis. The screening determined a Cdk/GSK-3β inhibitor, kenpaullone, and two Cdk inhibitors, olomoucine and roscovitine, as activators of osteoclastogenesis. The kenpaullone, olomoucine, and roscovitine induce an enhanced osteoclastogenesis by upregulating NFATc1 and mature cathepsin K levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Akiba
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuoku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Akiko Mizuta
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kakihara
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkochodori, Chuoku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Juri Nakata
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkochodori, Chuoku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.,Division of Orthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuoku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Jun Nihara
- Division of Orthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuoku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Division of Orthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuoku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Makio Saeki
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkochodori, Chuoku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
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