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Jiang Q, Sherlock DN, Elolimy AA, Yoon I, Loor JJ. Feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product during a gut barrier challenge in lactating Holstein cows impacts the ruminal microbiota and metabolome. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4476-4494. [PMID: 38369118 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Through its influence on the gut microbiota, the feeding of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) has been a successful strategy to enhance the health of dairy cows during periods of physiological stresses. Although production and metabolic outcomes from feeding SCFP are well-known, its combined impacts on the ruminal microbiota and metabolome during gut barrier challenges remain unclear. To address this gap in knowledge, multiparous Holstein cows (97.1 ± 7.6 DIM [SD]; n = 8/group) fed a control diet (CON) or CON plus 19 g/d SCFP for 9 wk were subjected to a feed restriction (FR) challenge for 5 d, during which they were fed 40% of their ad libitum intake from the 7 d before FR. The DNA extracted from ruminal fluid was subjected to PacBio full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing, real-time PCR of 12 major ruminal bacteria, and metabolomics analysis of up to 189 metabolites via GC/MS. High-quality amplicon sequence analyses were performed with the TADA (Targeted Amplicon Diversity Analysis), MicrobiomeAnalyst, PICRUSt2, and STAMP software packages, and metabolomics data were analyzed via MetaboAnalyst 5.0. Ruminal fluid metabolites from the SCFP group exhibited a greater α-diversity Chao 1 (P = 0.03) and Shannon indices (P = 0.05), and the partial least squares discriminant analysis clearly discriminated metabolite profiles between dietary groups. The abundance of CPla_4_termite_group, Candidatus Saccharimonas, Oribacterium, and Pirellula genus in cows fed SCFP was greater. In the SCFP group, concentrations of ethanolamine, 2-amino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine, glyoxylic acid, serine, threonine, cytosine, stearic acid, and pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid were greater in ruminal fluid. Both Fretibacterium and Succinivibrio abundances were positively correlated with metabolites across various biological processes: gamma-aminobutyric acid, galactose, butane-2,3-diol, fructose, 5-amino pentanoic acid, β-aminoisobutyric acid, ornithine, malonic acid, 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, cadaverine, glycolic acid, β-alanine, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, methyl alanine, and alanine. In the SCFP group, compared with CON, the mean proportion of 14 predicted pathways based on metabolomics data was greater, whereas 10 predicted pathways were lower. Integrating metabolites and upregulated predicted enzymes (NADP+-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, serine: glyoxylate aminotransferase, and d-glycerate 3-kinase) indicated that the pentose phosphate pathway and photorespiration pathway were most upregulated by SCFP. Overall, SCFP during FR led to alterations in ruminal microbiota composition and key metabolic pathways. Among those, we identified a shift from the tricarboxylic acid cycle to the glyoxylate cycle, and nitrogenous base production was enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianming Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | | | - Ahmed A Elolimy
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801; Livestock Production and Management, Department of Integrated Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 1551, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801.
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2
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Smith K, Strand DD, Walker BJ. Evaluating the contribution of plant metabolic pathways in the light to the ATP:NADPH demand using a meta-analysis of isotopically non-stationary metabolic flux analyses. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s11120-024-01106-5. [PMID: 38874662 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Balancing the ATP: NADPH demand from plant metabolism with supply from photosynthesis is essential for preventing photodamage and operating efficiently, so understanding its drivers is important for integrating metabolism with the light reactions of photosynthesis and for bioengineering efforts that may radically change this demand. It is often assumed that the C3 cycle and photorespiration consume the largest amount of ATP and reductant in illuminated leaves and as a result mostly determine the ATP: NADPH demand. However, the quantitative extent to which other energy consuming metabolic processes contribute in large ways to overall ATP: NADPH demand remains unknown. Here, we used the metabolic flux networks of numerous recently published isotopically non-stationary metabolic flux analyses (INST-MFA) to evaluate flux through the C3 cycle, photorespiration, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and starch/sucrose synthesis and characterize broad trends in the demand of energy across different pathways and compartments as well as in the overall ATP:NADPH demand. These data sets include a variety of species including Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum, and Camelina sativa as well as varying environmental factors including high/low light, day length, and photorespiratory levels. Examining these datasets in aggregate reveals that ultimately the bulk of the energy flux occurred in the C3 cycle and photorespiration, however, the energy demand from these pathways did not determine the ATP: NADPH demand alone. Instead, a notable contribution was revealed from starch and sucrose synthesis which might counterbalance photorespiratory demand and result in fewer adjustments in mechanisms which balance the ATP deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaila Smith
- Michigan State Unversity - Department of Energy, Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Plant Biotechnology for Health and Sustainability Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Deserah D Strand
- Michigan State Unversity - Department of Energy, Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Berkley J Walker
- Michigan State Unversity - Department of Energy, Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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3
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Sharkey TD. The end game(s) of photosynthetic carbon metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:67-78. [PMID: 38163636 PMCID: PMC11060661 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The year 2024 marks 70 years since the general outline of the carbon pathway in photosynthesis was published. Although several alternative pathways are now known, it is remarkable how many organisms use the reaction sequence described 70 yrs ago, which is now known as the Calvin-Benson cycle or variants such as the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle or Benson-Calvin cycle. However, once the carbon has entered the Calvin-Benson cycle and is converted to a 3-carbon sugar, it has many potential fates. This review will examine the last stages of photosynthetic metabolism in leaves. In land plants, this process mostly involves the production of sucrose provided by an endosymbiont (the chloroplast) to its host for use and transport to the rest of the plant. Photosynthetic metabolism also usually involves the synthesis of starch, which helps maintain respiration in the dark and enables the symbiont to supply sugars during both the day and night. Other end products made in the chloroplast are closely tied to photosynthetic CO2 assimilation. These include serine from photorespiration and various amino acids, fatty acids, isoprenoids, and shikimate pathway products. I also describe 2 pathways that can short circuit parts of the Calvin-Benson cycle. These final processes of photosynthetic metabolism play many important roles in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Sharkey
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Plant Resilience Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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4
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Basu D, Butler C, Rollins MB, South P. Identification and Functional Characterization of cis-Regulatory Elements of Key Photorespiratory Genes in Response to Short-Term Abiotic Stress Conditions. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2792:251-264. [PMID: 38861093 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3802-6_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The cis-regulatory elements (CREs) are the short stretches of noncoding DNA upstream of a gene, which play a critical role in fine-tuning gene expression. Photorespiration is a multi-organellar, energy-expensive biochemical process that remains intricately linked to photosynthesis and is conserved in plants. Recently, much focus has been devoted in generating plants with engineered alternative photorespiratory bypasses to enhance photosynthetic efficiency without compromising the beneficial aspect of photorespiration. Varied constitutive or inducible promoters for generating transgenic plants harboring multiple transgenes have been introduced over years; however, most of them suffer from unintended effects. Consequently, a demand for synthetic tunable promoters based on canonical CRE signatures derived from native genes is on the rise. Here, in this chapter, we have provided a detailed method for in silico identification and characterization of CREs associated with photorespiration. In addition to the detailed protocol, we have presented an example of a typical result and explained the significance of the result. Specifically, the method covers how to identify and generate tunable synthetic promoters based on native CREs using three key photorespiratory genes from Arabidopsis and two web-based tools, namely, PlantPAN3.0 and AthaMap. Finally, we have also furnished a protocol on how to test the efficacies of the synthetic promoters harboring predicted CREs using transient tobacco expression coupled with luciferase-based promoter assay in response to ambient conditions and under short-term abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Casey Butler
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Mary Beth Rollins
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Paul South
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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5
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Cavanagh AP, Ort DR. Transgenic strategies to improve the thermotolerance of photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 158:109-120. [PMID: 37273092 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Warming driven by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is irreversible over at least the next century, unless practical technologies are rapidly developed and deployed at scale to remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Accepting this reality highlights the central importance for crop agriculture to develop adaptation strategies for a warmer future. While nearly all processes in plants are impacted by above optimum temperatures, the impact of heat stress on photosynthetic processes stand out for their centrality. Here, we review transgenic strategies that show promise in improving the high-temperature tolerance of specific subprocesses of photosynthesis and in some cases have already been shown in proof of concept in field experiments to protect yield from high temperature-induced losses. We also highlight other manipulations to photosynthetic processes for which full proof of concept is still lacking but we contend warrant further attention. Warming that has already occurred over the past several decades has had detrimental impacts on crop production in many parts of the world. Declining productivity presages a rapidly developing global crisis in food security particularly in low income countries. Transgenic manipulation of photosynthesis to engineer greater high-temperature resilience holds encouraging promise to help meet this challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P Cavanagh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Donald R Ort
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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6
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Tong H, Laitinen RAE, Nikoloski Z. Predicting plasticity of rosette growth and metabolic fluxes in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:426-438. [PMID: 37507350 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Plants can rapidly mitigate the effects of suboptimal growth environments by phenotypic plasticity of fitness-traits. While genetic variation for phenotypic plasticity offers the means for breeding climate-resilient crop lines, accurate genomic prediction models for plasticity of fitness-related traits are still lacking. Here, we employed condition- and accession-specific metabolic models for 67 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions to dissect and predict plasticity of rosette growth to changes in nitrogen availability. We showed that specific reactions in photorespiration, linking carbon and nitrogen metabolism, as well as key pathways of central carbon metabolism exhibited substantial genetic variation for flux plasticity. We also demonstrated that, in comparison with a genomic prediction model for fresh weight (FW), genomic prediction of growth plasticity improves the predictability of FW under low nitrogen by 58.9% and by additional 15.4% when further integrating data on plasticity of metabolic fluxes. Therefore, the combination of metabolic and statistical modeling provides a stepping stone in understanding the molecular mechanisms and improving the predictability of plasticity for fitness-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tong
- Bioinformatics and Mathematical Modeling, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Roosa A E Laitinen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Bioinformatics and Mathematical Modeling, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
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7
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Rosado-Souza L, Yokoyama R, Sonnewald U, Fernie AR. Understanding source-sink interactions: Progress in model plants and translational research to crops. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:96-121. [PMID: 36447435 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is facing a massive increase in demand per hectare as a result of an ever-expanding population and environmental deterioration. While we have learned much about how environmental conditions and diseases impact crop yield, until recently considerably less was known concerning endogenous factors, including within-plant nutrient allocation. In this review, we discuss studies of source-sink interactions covering both fundamental research in model systems under controlled growth conditions and how the findings are being translated to crop plants in the field. In this respect we detail efforts aimed at improving and/or combining C3, C4, and CAM modes of photosynthesis, altering the chloroplastic electron transport chain, modulating photorespiration, adopting bacterial/algal carbon-concentrating mechanisms, and enhancing nitrogen- and water-use efficiencies. Moreover, we discuss how modulating TCA cycle activities and primary metabolism can result in increased rates of photosynthesis and outline the opportunities that evaluating natural variation in photosynthesis may afford. Although source, transport, and sink functions are all covered in this review, we focus on discussing source functions because the majority of research has been conducted in this field. Nevertheless, considerable recent evidence, alongside the evidence from classical studies, demonstrates that both transport and sink functions are also incredibly important determinants of yield. We thus describe recent evidence supporting this notion and suggest that future strategies for yield improvement should focus on combining improvements in each of these steps to approach yield optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laise Rosado-Souza
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Ryo Yokoyama
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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8
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Garcia A, Gaju O, Bowerman AF, Buck SA, Evans JR, Furbank RT, Gilliham M, Millar AH, Pogson BJ, Reynolds MP, Ruan Y, Taylor NL, Tyerman SD, Atkin OK. Enhancing crop yields through improvements in the efficiency of photosynthesis and respiration. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:60-77. [PMID: 36251512 PMCID: PMC10100352 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The rate with which crop yields per hectare increase each year is plateauing at the same time that human population growth and other factors increase food demand. Increasing yield potential (Y p ) of crops is vital to address these challenges. In this review, we explore a component ofY p that has yet to be optimised - that being improvements in the efficiency with which light energy is converted into biomass (ε c ) via modifications to CO2 fixed per unit quantum of light (α), efficiency of respiratory ATP production (ε prod ) and efficiency of ATP use (ε use ). For α, targets include changes in photoprotective machinery, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase kinetics and photorespiratory pathways. There is also potential forε prod to be increased via targeted changes to the expression of the alternative oxidase and mitochondrial uncoupling pathways. Similarly, there are possibilities to improveε use via changes to the ATP costs of phloem loading, nutrient uptake, futile cycles and/or protein/membrane turnover. Recently developed high-throughput measurements of respiration can serve as a proxy for the cumulative energy cost of these processes. There are thus exciting opportunities to use our growing knowledge of factors influencing the efficiency of photosynthesis and respiration to create a step-change in yield potential of globally important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Garcia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Oorbessy Gaju
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- College of Science, Lincoln Institute for Agri‐Food TechnologyUniversity of LincolnLincolnshireLN2 2LGUK
| | - Andrew F. Bowerman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Sally A. Buck
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - John R. Evans
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Robert T. Furbank
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA5064Australia
| | - A. Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences & Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA6009Australia
| | - Barry J. Pogson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Matthew P. Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)Km. 45, Carretera Mexico, El BatanTexcoco56237Mexico
| | - Yong‐Ling Ruan
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Nicolas L. Taylor
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences & Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA6009Australia
| | - Stephen D. Tyerman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA5064Australia
| | - Owen K. Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
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9
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Using synthetic biology to improve photosynthesis for sustainable food production. J Biotechnol 2022; 359:1-14. [PMID: 36126804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is responsible for the primary productivity and maintenance of life on Earth, boosting biological activity and contributing to the maintenance of the environment. In the past, traditional crop improvement was considered sufficient to meet food demands, but the growing demand for food coupled with climate change has modified this scenario over the past decades. However, advances in this area have not focused on photosynthesis per se but rather on fixed carbon partitioning. In short, other approaches must be used to meet an increasing agricultural demand. Thus, several paths may be followed, from modifications in leaf shape and canopy architecture, improving metabolic pathways related to CO2 fixation, the inclusion of metabolic mechanisms from other species, and improvements in energy uptake by plants. Given the recognized importance of photosynthesis, as the basis of the primary productivity on Earth, we here present an overview of the latest advances in attempts to improve plant photosynthetic performance. We focused on points considered key to the enhancement of photosynthesis, including leaf shape development, RuBisCO reengineering, Calvin-Benson cycle optimization, light use efficiency, the introduction of the C4 cycle in C3 plants and the inclusion of other CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). We further provide compelling evidence that there is still room for further improvements. Finally, we conclude this review by presenting future perspectives and possible new directions on this subject.
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Wang Q, Yang H, Cao P, Chen F, Zhao L. Biosynthetic approaches to efficient assimilation of CO2via photorespiration modification in plant chassis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:979627. [PMID: 36003537 PMCID: PMC9393500 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.979627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant chassis has emerged as the platform with great potential for bioproduction of high value-added products such as recombinant protein, vaccine and natural product. However, as the primary metabolic pathway, photorespiration results in the loss of photosynthetically fixed carbon compounds and limits the exploration of plant chassis. People are endeavored to reduce the photorespiration energy or carbon loss based on variation screening or genetic engineering. Insomuch as protein engineering of Rubisco has not resulted in the significant improvement of Rubisco specificity which is linked to the direct CO2 fixation, the biosynthetic approaches of photorespiration bypass are gaining much more attention and manifested great potentiality in conferring efficient assimilation of CO2 in plant chassis. In this review, we summarize the recent studies on the metabolic pathway design and implementation of photorespiration alternative pathway aiming to provide clues to efficiently enhance carbon fixation via the modification of photorespiration in plant chassis for bioproduction. These will benefit the development of plant synthetic metabolism for biorefineries via improvement of artificial carbon sequestration cycle, particularly for the mitigation of serious challenges such as extreme climate change, food and energy shortages in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Peijian Cao
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fangjian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhao,
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11
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Muthukrishnan L. Bio‐engineering of microalgae: Challenges and future prospects toward industrial and environmental applications. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:310-329. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmipathy Muthukrishnan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai Tamil Nadu India
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12
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What Antarctic Plants Can Tell Us about Climate Changes: Temperature as a Driver for Metabolic Reprogramming. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081094. [PMID: 34439761 PMCID: PMC8392395 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming is strongly affecting the maritime Antarctica climate and the consequent melting of perennial snow and ice covers resulted in increased colonization by plants. Colobanthus quitensis is a vascular plant highly adapted to the harsh environmental conditions of Antarctic Peninsula and understanding how the plant is responding to global warming is a new challenging target for modern cell physiology. To this aim, we performed differential proteomic analysis on C. quitensis plants grown in natural conditions compared to plants grown for one year inside open top chambers (OTCs) which determine an increase of about 4 °C at midday, mimicking the effect of global warming. A thorough analysis of the up- and downregulated proteins highlighted an extensive metabolism reprogramming leading to enhanced photoprotection and oxidative stress control as well as reduced content of cell wall components. Overall, OTCs growth seems to be advantageous for C. quitensis plants which could benefit from a better CO2 diffusion into the mesophyll and a reduced ROS-mediated photodamage.
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Wang LM, Shen BR, Li BD, Zhang CL, Lin M, Tong PP, Cui LL, Zhang ZS, Peng XX. A Synthetic Photorespiratory Shortcut Enhances Photosynthesis to Boost Biomass and Grain Yield in Rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1802-1815. [PMID: 33075506 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Several photorespiratory bypasses have been introduced into plants and shown to improve photosynthesis by increasing chloroplastic CO2 concentrations or optimizing energy balance. We recently reported that an engineered GOC bypass could increase photosynthesis and productivity in rice. However, the grain yield of GOC plants was unstable, fluctuating in different cultivation seasons because of varying seed setting rates. In this study, we designed a synthetic photorespiratory shortcut (the GCGT bypass) consisting of genes encoding Oryza sativa glycolate oxidase and Escherichia coli catalase, glyoxylate carboligase, and tartronic semialdehyde reductase. The GCGT bypass was guided by an optimized chloroplast transit peptide that targeted rice chloroplasts and redirected 75% of carbon from glycolate metabolism to the Calvin cycle, identical to the native photorespiration pathway. GCGT transgenic plants exhibited significantly increased biomass production and grain yield, which were mainly attributed to enhanced photosynthesis due to increased chloroplastic CO2 concentrations. Despite the increases in biomass production and grain yield, GCGT transgenic plants showed a reduced seed setting rate, a phenotype previously reported for the GOC plants. Integrative transcriptomic, physiological, and biochemical assays revealed that photosynthetic carbohydrates were not transported to grains in an efficient manner, thereby reducing the seed setting rate. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the GCGT photorespiratory shortcut confers higher yield by promoting photosynthesis in rice, mainly through increasing chloroplastic CO2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Ran Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bo-Di Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chuan-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Min Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pan-Pan Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li-Li Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin-Xiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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14
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A cyanobacterial photorespiratory bypass model to enhance photosynthesis by rerouting photorespiratory pathway in C 3 plants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20879. [PMID: 33257792 PMCID: PMC7705653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants employ photosynthesis to produce sugars for supporting their growth. During photosynthesis, an enzyme Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) combines its substrate Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate (RuBP) with CO2 to produce phosphoglycerate (PGA). Alongside, Rubisco also takes up O2 and produce 2-phosphoglycolate (2-PG), a toxic compound broken down into PGA through photorespiration. Photorespiration is not only a resource-demanding process but also results in CO2 loss which affects photosynthetic efficiency in C3 plants. Here, we propose to circumvent photorespiration by adopting the cyanobacterial glycolate decarboxylation pathway into C3 plants. For that, we have integrated the cyanobacterial glycolate decarboxylation pathway into a kinetic model of C3 photosynthetic pathway to evaluate its impact on photosynthesis and photorespiration. Our results show that the cyanobacterial glycolate decarboxylation bypass model exhibits a 10% increase in net photosynthetic rate (A) in comparison with C3 model. Moreover, an increased supply of intercellular CO2 (Ci) from the bypass resulted in a 54.8% increase in PGA while reducing photorespiratory intermediates including glycolate (− 49%) and serine (− 32%). The bypass model, at default conditions, also elucidated a decline in phosphate-based metabolites including RuBP (− 61.3%). The C3 model at elevated level of inorganic phosphate (Pi), exhibited a significant change in RuBP (+ 355%) and PGA (− 98%) which is attributable to the low availability of Ci. Whereas, at elevated Pi, the bypass model exhibited an increase of 73.1% and 33.9% in PGA and RuBP, respectively. Therefore, we deduce a synergistic effect of elevation in CO2 and Pi pool on photosynthesis. We also evaluated the integrative action of CO2, Pi, and Rubisco carboxylation activity (Vcmax) on A and observed that their simultaneous increase raised A by 26%, in the bypass model. Taken together, the study potentiates engineering of cyanobacterial decarboxylation pathway in C3 plants to bypass photorespiration thereby increasing the overall efficiency of photosynthesis.
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15
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Leaf Transcriptome and Weight Gene Co-expression Network Analysis Uncovers Genes Associated with Photosynthetic Efficiency in Camellia oleifera. Biochem Genet 2020; 59:398-421. [PMID: 33040171 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-09995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Camellia oleifera Abel. (C. oleifera) as an important economic tree species in China has drawn growing attention because of its highly commercial, medic, cosmetic, and ornamental value. To deepen our understanding about the photosynthetic characters during the whole developmental stage as well as the molecular basis of photosynthesis, a comparative analysis of the leaf transcriptome of two C. oleifera cultivars, 'Guoyou No.13' (GY13) and 'Xianglin No.82' (XL82), with different photosynthetic characteristics from May to September has been conducted. In this study, a group of genes related to photosynthesis, hormone regulation, circadian clock and transcription factor, involved in the photosynthetic advantage. Photosynthetic parameters from May to September of these two cultivars provided evidence supporting photosynthetic advantage of GY13 compared to XL82. In addition, expression levels of 12 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). To screen gene clusters and hub genes that might directly regulated the photosynthetic differences between cultivars, a Weight Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was conducted. Three co-expression network (module) and top ten connected genes (hub genes) were identified that might play crucial role in the regulatory network of photosynthesis. The results not only showed multiple functional genes that might involve in the differences of photosynthetic characteristics between cultivars, but also provide some evidences for the heat tolerance might be an important character which helps GY13 kept higher photosynthetic parameters than XL82 during the developmental stage. In summary, our transcriptomic approach together with RT-PCR tests allowed us to expand our understanding of the characters of C. oleifera cultivars with different photosynthetic efficiency during the developmental stage and to further exploring new candidate genes involve in high photosynthetic efficiency in molecular-assisted breeding program of C. oleifera.
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16
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Batista-Silva W, da Fonseca-Pereira P, Martins AO, Zsögön A, Nunes-Nesi A, Araújo WL. Engineering Improved Photosynthesis in the Era of Synthetic Biology. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100032. [PMID: 33367233 PMCID: PMC7747996 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Much attention has been given to the enhancement of photosynthesis as a strategy for the optimization of crop productivity. As traditional plant breeding is most likely reaching a plateau, there is a timely need to accelerate improvements in photosynthetic efficiency by means of novel tools and biotechnological solutions. The emerging field of synthetic biology offers the potential for building completely novel pathways in predictable directions and, thus, addresses the global requirements for higher yields expected to occur in the 21st century. Here, we discuss recent advances and current challenges of engineering improved photosynthesis in the era of synthetic biology toward optimized utilization of solar energy and carbon sources to optimize the production of food, fiber, and fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Batista-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Paula da Fonseca-Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Agustín Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner L. Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
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17
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Giuliani R, Karki S, Covshoff S, Lin HC, Coe RA, Koteyeva NK, Quick WP, Von Caemmerer S, Furbank RT, Hibberd JM, Edwards GE, Cousins AB. Knockdown of glycine decarboxylase complex alters photorespiratory carbon isotope fractionation in Oryza sativa leaves. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2773-2786. [PMID: 30840760 PMCID: PMC6506765 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of reduced glycine decarboxylase complex (GDC) activity on leaf atmosphere CO2 and 13CO2 exchange was tested in transgenic Oryza sativa with the GDC H-subunit knocked down in leaf mesophyll cells. Leaf measurements on transgenic gdch knockdown and wild-type plants were carried out in the light under photorespiratory and low photorespiratory conditions (i.e. 18.4 kPa and 1.84 kPa atmospheric O2 partial pressure, respectively), and in the dark. Under approximately current ambient O2 partial pressure (18.4 kPa pO2), the gdch knockdown plants showed an expected photorespiratory-deficient phenotype, with lower leaf net CO2 assimilation rates (A) than the wild-type. Additionally, under these conditions, the gdch knockdown plants had greater leaf net discrimination against 13CO2 (Δo) than the wild-type. This difference in Δo was in part due to lower 13C photorespiratory fractionation (f) ascribed to alternative decarboxylation of photorespiratory intermediates. Furthermore, the leaf dark respiration rate (Rd) was enhanced and the 13CO2 composition of respired CO2 (δ13CRd) showed a tendency to be more depleted in the gdch knockdown plants. These changes in Rd and δ13CRd were due to the amount and carbon isotopic composition of substrates available for dark respiration. These results demonstrate that impairment of the photorespiratory pathway affects leaf 13CO2 exchange, particularly the 13C decarboxylation fractionation associated with photorespiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Giuliani
- School of Biological Sciences, Molecular Plant Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Shanta Karki
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Sarah Covshoff
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hsiang-Chun Lin
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Robert A Coe
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Nuria K Koteyeva
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Morphology, V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - W Paul Quick
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Susanne Von Caemmerer
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Robert T Furbank
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Julian M Hibberd
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gerald E Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, Molecular Plant Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Asaph B Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Molecular Plant Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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18
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Souza PFN, Garcia-Ruiz H, Carvalho FEL. What proteomics can reveal about plant-virus interactions? Photosynthesis-related proteins on the spotlight. THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 31:227-248. [PMID: 31355128 PMCID: PMC6660014 DOI: 10.1007/s40626-019-00142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses are responsible for losses in worldwide production of numerous economically important food and fuel crops. As obligate cellular parasites with very small genomes, viruses rely on their hosts for replication, assembly, intra- and intercellular movement, and attraction of vectors for dispersal. Chloroplasts are photosynthesis and are the site of replication for several viruses. When viruses replicate in chloroplasts, photosynthesis, an essential process in plant physiology, is inhibited. The mechanisms underlying molecular and biochemical changes during compatible and incompatible plants-virus interactions, are only beginning to be elucidated, including changes in proteomic profiles induced by virus infections. In this review, we highlight the importance of proteomic studies to understand plant-virus interactions, especially emphasizing the changes in photosynthesis-related protein accumulation. We focus on: (a) chloroplast proteins that differentially accumulate during viral infection; (b) the significance with respect to chloroplast-virus interaction; and (c) alterations in plant's energetic metabolism and the subsequently the plant defense mechanisms to overcome viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro F N Souza
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Hernan Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Fabricio E L Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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19
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Simkin AJ, López-Calcagno PE, Raines CA. Feeding the world: improving photosynthetic efficiency for sustainable crop production. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1119-1140. [PMID: 30772919 PMCID: PMC6395887 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A number of recent studies have provided strong support demonstrating that improving the photosynthetic processes through genetic engineering can provide an avenue to improve yield potential. The major focus of this review is on improvement of the Calvin-Benson cycle and electron transport. Consideration is also given to how altering regulatory process may provide an additional route to increase photosynthetic efficiency. Here we summarize some of the recent successes that have been observed through genetic manipulation of photosynthesis, showing that, in both the glasshouse and the field, yield can be increased by >40%. These results provide a clear demonstration of the potential for increasing yield through improvements in photosynthesis. In the final section, we consider the need to stack improvement in photosynthetic traits with traits that target the yield gap in order to provide robust germplasm for different crops across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Simkin
- NIAB EMR, New Road, East Malling, Kent, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | | | - Christine A Raines
- School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
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20
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Shen BR, Wang LM, Lin XL, Yao Z, Xu HW, Zhu CH, Teng HY, Cui LL, Liu EE, Zhang JJ, He ZH, Peng XX. Engineering a New Chloroplastic Photorespiratory Bypass to Increase Photosynthetic Efficiency and Productivity in Rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:199-214. [PMID: 30639120 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, three photorespiratory bypasses have been introduced into plants, two of which led to observable increases in photosynthesis and biomass yield. However, most of the experiments were carried out using Arabidopsis under controlled environmental conditions, and the increases were only observed under low-light and short-day conditions. In this study, we designed a new photorespiratory bypass (called GOC bypass), characterized by no reducing equivalents being produced during a complete oxidation of glycolate into CO2 catalyzed by three rice-self-originating enzymes, i.e., glycolate oxidase, oxalate oxidase, and catalase. We successfully established this bypass in rice chloroplasts using a multi-gene assembly and transformation system. Transgenic rice plants carrying GOC bypass (GOC plants) showed significant increases in photosynthesis efficiency, biomass yield, and nitrogen content, as well as several other CO2-enriched phenotypes under both greenhouse and field conditions. Grain yield of GOC plants varied depending on seeding season and was increased significantly in the spring. We further demonstrated that GOC plants had significant advantages under high-light conditions and that the improvements in GOC plants resulted primarily from a photosynthetic CO2-concentrating effect rather than from improved energy balance. Taken together, our results reveal that engineering a newly designed chloroplastic photorespiratory bypass could increase photosynthetic efficiency and yield of rice plants grown in field conditions, particularly under high light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ran Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hua-Wei Xu
- College of Agricultural, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Cheng-Hua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hai-Yan Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li-Li Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - E-E Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zheng-Hui He
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xin-Xiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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21
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Levey M, Timm S, Mettler-Altmann T, Luca Borghi G, Koczor M, Arrivault S, PM Weber A, Bauwe H, Gowik U, Westhoff P. Efficient 2-phosphoglycolate degradation is required to maintain carbon assimilation and allocation in the C4 plant Flaveria bidentis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:575-587. [PMID: 30357386 PMCID: PMC6322630 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration is indispensable for oxygenic photosynthesis since it detoxifies and recycles 2-phosphoglycolate (2PG), which is the primary oxygenation product of Rubisco. However, C4 plant species typically display very low rates of photorespiration due to their efficient biochemical carbon-concentrating mechanism. Thus, the broader relevance of photorespiration in these organisms remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the importance of a functional photorespiratory pathway in the C4 plant Flaveria bidentis using knockdown of the first enzymatic step, namely 2PG phosphatase (PGLP). The isolated RNAi lines showed strongly reduced amounts of PGLP protein, but distinct signs of the photorespiratory phenotype only emerged below 5% residual PGLP protein. Lines with this characteristic were stunted in growth, had strongly increased 2PG content, exhibited accelerated leaf senescence, and accumulated high amounts of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, which are both characteristics of incipient carbon starvation. Oxygen-dependent gas-exchange measurements consistently suggested the cumulative impairment of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration with increased photorespiratory pressure. Our results indicate that photorespiration is essential for maintaining high rates of C4 photosynthesis by preventing the 2PG-mediated inhibition of carbon utilization efficiency. However, considerably higher 2PG accumulation can be tolerated compared to equivalent lines of C3 plants due to the differential distribution of specific enzymatic steps between the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles Levey
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Timm
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, Albert-Einstein-Straße, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tabea Mettler-Altmann
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Plant Metabolism and Metabolomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gian Luca Borghi
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Golm, Germany
| | - Maria Koczor
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Arrivault
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Golm, Germany
| | - Andreas PM Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Plant Metabolism and Metabolomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, Albert-Einstein-Straße, Rostock, Germany
| | - Udo Gowik
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Westhoff
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
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22
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Davies JP, Christensen CA. Developing Transgenic Agronomic Traits for Crops: Targets, Methods, and Challenges. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1864:343-365. [PMID: 30415346 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8778-8_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed a surge of investment by the agricultural biotechnology industry in the development of transgenic agronomic traits. These are traits that improve yield performance by modifying endogenous physiological processes such as energy capture, nutrient utilization, and stress tolerance. In this chapter we provide a foundation for understanding these fundamental processes and then outline approaches that have been taken to use this knowledge for yield improvement. We characterize the current status of product development pipelines in the industry and illustrate the trait discovery process with three important examples-bacterial cold-shock proteins, alanine aminotransferase, and auxin-regulated genes. The challenges with developing and commercializing an agronomic trait product are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Davies
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Cory A Christensen
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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23
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Nowicka B, Ciura J, Szymańska R, Kruk J. Improving photosynthesis, plant productivity and abiotic stress tolerance - current trends and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:415-433. [PMID: 30412849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
With unfavourable climate changes and an increasing global population, there is a great need for more productive and stress-tolerant crops. As traditional methods of crop improvement have probably reached their limits, a further increase in the productivity of crops is expected to be possible using genetic engineering. The number of potential genes and metabolic pathways, which when genetically modified could result in improved photosynthesis and biomass production, is multiple. Photosynthesis, as the only source of carbon required for the growth and development of plants, attracts much attention is this respect, especially the question concerning how to improve CO2 fixation and limit photorespiration. The most promising direction for increasing CO2 assimilation is implementating carbon concentrating mechanisms found in cyanobacteria and algae into crop plants, while hitherto performed experiments on improving the CO2 fixation versus oxygenation reaction catalyzed by Rubisco are less encouraging. On the other hand, introducing the C4 pathway into C3 plants is a very difficult challenge. Among other points of interest for increased biomass production is engineering of metabolic regulation, certain proteins, nucleic acids or phytohormones. In this respect, enhanced sucrose synthesis, assimilate translocation to sink organs and starch synthesis is crucial, as is genetic engineering of the phytohormone metabolism. As abiotic stress tolerance is one of the key factors determining crop productivity, extensive studies are being undertaken to develop transgenic plants characterized by elevated stress resistance. This can be accomplished due to elevated synthesis of antioxidants, osmoprotectants and protective proteins. Among other promising targets for the genetic engineering of plants with elevated stress resistance are transcription factors that play a key role in abiotic stress responses of plants. In this review, most of the approaches to improving the productivity of plants that are potentially promising and have already been undertaken are described. In addition to this, the limitations faced, potential challenges and possibilities regarding future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Joanna Ciura
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Renata Szymańska
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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24
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South PF, Cavanagh AP, Lopez-Calcagno PE, Raines CA, Ort DR. Optimizing photorespiration for improved crop productivity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:1217-1230. [PMID: 30126060 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In C3 plants, photorespiration is an energy-expensive process, including the oxygenation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) by ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and the ensuing multi-organellar photorespiratory pathway required to recycle the toxic byproducts and recapture a portion of the fixed carbon. Photorespiration significantly impacts crop productivity through reducing yields in C3 crops by as much as 50% under severe conditions. Thus, reducing the flux through, or improving the efficiency of photorespiration has the potential of large improvements in C3 crop productivity. Here, we review an array of approaches intended to engineer photorespiration in a range of plant systems with the goal of increasing crop productivity. Approaches include optimizing flux through the native photorespiratory pathway, installing non-native alternative photorespiratory pathways, and lowering or even eliminating Rubisco-catalyzed oxygenation of RuBP to reduce substrate entrance into the photorespiratory cycle. Some proposed designs have been successful at the proof of concept level. A plant systems-engineering approach, based on new opportunities available from synthetic biology to implement in silico designs, holds promise for further progress toward delivering more productive crops to farmer's fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F South
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amanda P Cavanagh
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Christine A Raines
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Donald R Ort
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Tang Y, Li X, Lu W, Wei X, Zhang Q, Lv C, Song N. Enhanced photorespiration in transgenic rice over-expressing maize C 4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene contributes to alleviating low nitrogen stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:577-588. [PMID: 30114676 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to reveal the physiological and molecular mechanisms of low-nitrogen (N) tolerance in transgenic plant lines containing C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (C4-PEPC) gene. The transgenic rice lines only over-expressing the maize C4-PEPC) (PC) and their untransformed wild type, Kitaake (WT), were used in this study. At different N levels, the dry weight, total N content, carbon and N levels, photorespiration-related enzymatic activities, gene expression levels and photorespiration-related product accumulations were measured, as were the transgenic lines' agronomic traits. The PC line, having lower total N and higher soluble sugar contents, was more tolerant to low-N stress than WT, which was consistent with its higher PEPC and lower N-assimilation-related enzyme activity levels. The photosynthetic parameters, enzymatic activity levels, transcripts and products related to photorespiration in PC were also greater than in WT under low-N conditions. This study showed that increased carbon levels in transgenic rice lines overexpressing C4-PEPC could help regulate the photorespiratory pathway under low-N conditions, conferring low-N tolerance and a higher grain yield per plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Rice Engineering Research Center, National Center for Rice Improvement (Nanjing), Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Rice Engineering Research Center, National Center for Rice Improvement (Nanjing), Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Wei Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaodong Wei
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Rice Engineering Research Center, National Center for Rice Improvement (Nanjing), Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Qijun Zhang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Rice Engineering Research Center, National Center for Rice Improvement (Nanjing), Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Chuangen Lv
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Rice Engineering Research Center, National Center for Rice Improvement (Nanjing), Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ningxi Song
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Rice Engineering Research Center, National Center for Rice Improvement (Nanjing), Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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Bar-Even A. Daring metabolic designs for enhanced plant carbon fixation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 273:71-83. [PMID: 29907311 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing agricultural productivity is one of the major challenges our society faces. While multiple strategies to enhance plant carbon fixation have been suggested, and partially implemented, most of them are restricted to relatively simple modifications of endogenous metabolism, i.e., "low hanging fruit". Here, I portray the next generation of metabolic solutions to increase carbon fixation rate and yield. These strategies involve major rewiring of central metabolism, including dividing Rubisco's catalysis between several enzymes, replacing Rubisco with a different carboxylation reaction, substituting the Calvin Cycle with alternative carbon fixation pathways, and engineering photorespiration bypass routes that do not release carbon. While the barriers for implementing these elaborated metabolic architectures are quite significant, if we truly want to revolutionize carbon fixation, only daring engineering efforts will lead the way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arren Bar-Even
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Ng I, Tan S, Kao P, Chang Y, Chang J. Recent Developments on Genetic Engineering of Microalgae for Biofuels and Bio‐Based Chemicals. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I‐Son Ng
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
- Research Center for Energy Technology and StrategyNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Shih‐I Tan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Hsun Kao
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Kaung Chang
- Graduate School of Biochemical EngineeringMing Chi University of TechnologyNew Taipei City24301Taiwan
| | - Jo‐Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
- Research Center for Energy Technology and StrategyNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
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28
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Simkin AJ, Lopez‐Calcagno PE, Davey PA, Headland LR, Lawson T, Timm S, Bauwe H, Raines CA. Simultaneous stimulation of sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphatase, fructose 1,6-bisphophate aldolase and the photorespiratory glycine decarboxylase-H protein increases CO 2 assimilation, vegetative biomass and seed yield in Arabidopsis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:805-816. [PMID: 27936496 PMCID: PMC5466442 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we have altered the levels of three different enzymes involved in the Calvin-Benson cycle and photorespiratory pathway. We have generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants with altered combinations of sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase), fructose 1,6-bisphophate aldolase (FBPA) and the glycine decarboxylase-H protein (GDC-H) gene identified as targets to improve photosynthesis based on previous studies. Here, we show that increasing the levels of the three corresponding proteins, either independently or in combination, significantly increases the quantum efficiency of PSII. Furthermore, photosynthetic measurements demonstrated an increase in the maximum efficiency of CO2 fixation in lines over-expressing SBPase and FBPA. Moreover, the co-expression of GDC-H with SBPase and FBPA resulted in a cumulative positive impact on leaf area and biomass. Finally, further analysis of transgenic lines revealed a cumulative increase of seed yield in SFH lines grown in high light. These results demonstrate the potential of multigene stacking for improving the productivity of food and energy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip A. Davey
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
| | | | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
| | - Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology DepartmentUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Plant Physiology DepartmentUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
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29
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Keech O, Gardeström P, Kleczkowski LA, Rouhier N. The redox control of photorespiration: from biochemical and physiological aspects to biotechnological considerations. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:553-569. [PMID: 26791824 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration is a complex and tightly regulated process occurring in photosynthetic organisms. This process can alter the cellular redox balance, notably via the production and consumption of both reducing and oxidizing equivalents. Under certain circumstances, these equivalents, as well as reactive oxygen or nitrogen species, can become prominent in subcellular compartments involved in the photorespiratory process, eventually promoting oxidative post-translational modifications of proteins. Keeping these changes under tight control should therefore be of primary importance. In order to review the current state of knowledge about the redox control of photorespiration, we primarily performed a careful description of the known and potential redox-regulated or oxidation sensitive photorespiratory proteins, and examined in more details two interesting cases: the glycerate kinase and the glycine cleavage system. When possible, the potential impact and subsequent physiological regulations associated with these changes have been discussed. In the second part, we reviewed the extent to which photorespiration contributes to cellular redox homeostasis considering, in particular, the set of peripheral enzymes associated with the canonical photorespiratory pathway. Finally, some recent biotechnological strategies to circumvent photorespiration for future growth improvements are discussed in the light of these redox regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Keech
- Department of Plant Physiology, UPSC, Umeå University, S-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Gardeström
- Department of Plant Physiology, UPSC, Umeå University, S-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Nicolas Rouhier
- INRA, UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Centre INRA Nancy Lorraine, 54280, Champenoux, France
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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30
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Hagemann M, Bauwe H. Photorespiration and the potential to improve photosynthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 35:109-116. [PMID: 27693890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The photorespiratory pathway, in short photorespiration, is an essential metabolite repair pathway that allows the photosynthetic CO2 fixation of plants to occur in the presence of oxygen. It is necessary because oxygen is a competing substrate of the CO2-fixing enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, forming 2-phosphoglycolate that negatively interferes with photosynthesis. Photorespiration very efficiently recycles 2-phosphoglycolate into 3-phosphoglycerate, which re-enters the Calvin-Benson cycle to drive sustainable photosynthesis. Photorespiration however requires extra energy and re-oxidises one quarter of the 2-phosphoglycolate carbon to CO2, lowering potential maximum rates of photosynthesis in most plants including food and energy crops. This review discusses natural and artificial strategies to reduce the undesired impact of air oxygen on photosynthesis and in turn plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hagemann
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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31
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Betti M, Bauwe H, Busch FA, Fernie AR, Keech O, Levey M, Ort DR, Parry MAJ, Sage R, Timm S, Walker B, Weber APM. Manipulating photorespiration to increase plant productivity: recent advances and perspectives for crop improvement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2977-88. [PMID: 26951371 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recycling of the 2-phosphoglycolate generated by the oxygenase reaction of Rubisco requires a complex and energy-consuming set of reactions collectively known as the photorespiratory cycle. Several approaches aimed at reducing the rates of photorespiratory energy or carbon loss have been proposed, based either on screening for natural variation or by means of genetic engineering. Recent work indicates that plant yield can be substantially improved by the alteration of photorespiratory fluxes or by engineering artificial bypasses to photorespiration. However, there is also evidence indicating that, under certain environmental and/or nutritional conditions, reduced photorespiratory capacity may be detrimental to plant performance. Here we summarize recent advances obtained in photorespiratory engineering and discuss prospects for these advances to be transferred to major crops to help address the globally increasing demand for food and biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Betti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Florian A Busch
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Olivier Keech
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Myles Levey
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Donald R Ort
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Martin A J Parry
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Rowan Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3B2
| | - Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Berkley Walker
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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32
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Photorespiration: origins and metabolic integration in interacting compartments. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67. [PMCID: PMC4867902 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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Hagemann M, Kern R, Maurino VG, Hanson DT, Weber APM, Sage RF, Bauwe H. Evolution of photorespiration from cyanobacteria to land plants, considering protein phylogenies and acquisition of carbon concentrating mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2963-76. [PMID: 26931168 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration and oxygenic photosynthesis are intimately linked processes. It has been shown that under the present day atmospheric conditions cyanobacteria and all eukaryotic phototrophs need functional photorespiration to grow autotrophically. The question arises as to when this essential partnership evolved, i.e. can we assume a coevolution of both processes from the beginning or did photorespiration evolve later to compensate for the generation of 2-phosphoglycolate (2PG) due to Rubisco's oxygenase reaction? This question is mainly discussed here using phylogenetic analysis of proteins involved in the 2PG metabolism and the acquisition of different carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). The phylogenies revealed that the enzymes involved in the photorespiration of vascular plants have diverse origins, with some proteins acquired from cyanobacteria as ancestors of the chloroplasts and others from heterotrophic bacteria as ancestors of mitochondria in the plant cell. Only phosphoglycolate phosphatase was found to originate from Archaea. Notably glaucophyte algae, the earliest branching lineage of Archaeplastida, contain more photorespiratory enzymes of cyanobacterial origin than other algal lineages or land plants indicating a larger initial contribution of cyanobacterial-derived proteins to eukaryotic photorespiration. The acquisition of CCMs is discussed as a proxy for assessing the timing of periods when photorespiratory activity may have been enhanced. The existence of CCMs also had marked influence on the structure and function of photorespiration. Here, we discuss evidence for an early and continuous coevolution of photorespiration, CCMs and photosynthesis starting from cyanobacteria via algae, to land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hagemann
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, A.- Einstein-Str. 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ramona Kern
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, A.- Einstein-Str. 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Veronica G Maurino
- University of Düsseldorf, Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants and Biotechnology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David T Hanson
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rowan F Sage
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3B2, Canada
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, A.- Einstein-Str. 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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34
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Hanson DT, Stutz SS, Boyer JS. Why small fluxes matter: the case and approaches for improving measurements of photosynthesis and (photo)respiration. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3027-39. [PMID: 27099373 PMCID: PMC4867897 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Since its inception, the Farquhar et al. (1980) model of photosynthesis has been a mainstay for relating biochemistry to environmental conditions from chloroplast to global levels in terrestrial plants. Many variables could be assigned from basic enzyme kinetics, but the model also required measurements of maximum rates of photosynthetic electron transport (J max ), carbon assimilation (Vcmax ), conductance of CO2 into (g s ) and through (g m ) the leaf, and the rate of respiration during the day (R d ). This review focuses on improving the accuracy of these measurements, especially fluxes from photorespiratory CO2, CO2 in the transpiration stream, and through the leaf epidermis and cuticle. These fluxes, though small, affect the accuracy of all methods of estimating mesophyll conductance and several other photosynthetic parameters because they all require knowledge of CO2 concentrations in the intercellular spaces. This review highlights modified methods that may help to reduce some of the uncertainties. The approaches are increasingly important when leaves are stressed or when fluxes are inferred at scales larger than the leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Hanson
- Department of Biology, MSC03-2020, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Samantha S Stutz
- Department of Biology, MSC03-2020, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - John S Boyer
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, 1-31 Agriculture Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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35
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Basler G, Küken A, Fernie AR, Nikoloski Z. Photorespiratory Bypasses Lead to Increased Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana: Are Predictions Consistent with Experimental Evidence? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2016; 4:31. [PMID: 27092301 PMCID: PMC4823303 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arguably, the biggest challenge of modern plant systems biology lies in predicting the performance of plant species, and crops in particular, upon different intracellular and external perturbations. Recently, an increased growth of Arabidopsis thaliana plants was achieved by introducing two different photorespiratory bypasses via metabolic engineering. Here, we investigate the extent to which these findings match the predictions from constraint-based modeling. To determine the effect of the employed metabolic network model on the predictions, we perform a comparative analysis involving three state-of-the-art metabolic reconstructions of A. thaliana. In addition, we investigate three scenarios with respect to experimental findings on the ratios of the carboxylation and oxygenation reactions of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO). We demonstrate that the condition-dependent growth phenotypes of one of the engineered bypasses can be qualitatively reproduced by each reconstruction, particularly upon considering the additional constraints with respect to the ratio of fluxes for the RuBisCO reactions. Moreover, our results lend support for the hypothesis of a reduced photorespiration in the engineered plants, and indicate that specific changes in CO2 exchange as well as in the proxies for co-factor turnover are associated with the predicted growth increase in the engineered plants. We discuss our findings with respect to the structure of the used models, the modeling approaches taken, and the available experimental evidence. Our study sets the ground for investigating other strategies for increase of plant biomass by insertion of synthetic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Basler
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Anika Küken
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology , Potsdam-Golm , Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology , Potsdam-Golm , Germany
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology , Potsdam-Golm , Germany
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36
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Mermer A, Lis T, Starynowicz P. Charge density distribution and theoretical analysis of low and high energy phosphate esters. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12605c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a strict relation between the energy of hydrolysis of phosphate esters and the extent of interactions between the p ester oxygen lone pair and the antibonding orbitals of the rest of the molecule. Its impact on experimental charge density distribution is analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Mermer
- Wydział Chemii
- Uniwersytet Wrocławski
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii
- Uniwersytet Wrocławski
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
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37
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Dellero Y, Mauve C, Boex-Fontvieille E, Flesch V, Jossier M, Tcherkez G, Hodges M. Experimental evidence for a hydride transfer mechanism in plant glycolate oxidase catalysis. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:1689-98. [PMID: 25416784 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.618629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, glycolate oxidase is involved in the photorespiratory cycle, one of the major fluxes at the global scale. To clarify both the nature of the mechanism and possible differences in glycolate oxidase enzyme chemistry from C3 and C4 plant species, we analyzed kinetic parameters of purified recombinant C3 (Arabidopsis thaliana) and C4 (Zea mays) plant enzymes and compared isotope effects using natural and deuterated glycolate in either natural or deuterated solvent. The (12)C/(13)C isotope effect was also investigated for each plant glycolate oxidase protein by measuring the (13)C natural abundance in glycolate using natural or deuterated glycolate as a substrate. Our results suggest that several elemental steps were associated with an hydrogen/deuterium isotope effect and that glycolate α-deprotonation itself was only partially rate-limiting. Calculations of commitment factors from observed kinetic isotope effect values support a hydride transfer mechanism. No significant differences were seen between C3 and C4 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younès Dellero
- From the Institut de Biologie des Plantes, CNRS UMR8618, Saclay Plant Sciences, Bâtiment 630, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Mauve
- From the Institut de Biologie des Plantes, CNRS UMR8618, Saclay Plant Sciences, Bâtiment 630, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Saclay Plant Sciences, Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France, and
| | - Edouard Boex-Fontvieille
- From the Institut de Biologie des Plantes, CNRS UMR8618, Saclay Plant Sciences, Bâtiment 630, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Flesch
- From the Institut de Biologie des Plantes, CNRS UMR8618, Saclay Plant Sciences, Bâtiment 630, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Jossier
- From the Institut de Biologie des Plantes, CNRS UMR8618, Saclay Plant Sciences, Bâtiment 630, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- From the Institut de Biologie des Plantes, CNRS UMR8618, Saclay Plant Sciences, Bâtiment 630, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Saclay Plant Sciences, Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France, and Institut Universitaire de France, 103 Boulevard Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michael Hodges
- From the Institut de Biologie des Plantes, CNRS UMR8618, Saclay Plant Sciences, Bâtiment 630, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France,
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38
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Simons M, Saha R, Amiour N, Kumar A, Guillard L, Clément G, Miquel M, Li Z, Mouille G, Lea PJ, Hirel B, Maranas CD. Assessing the metabolic impact of nitrogen availability using a compartmentalized maize leaf genome-scale model. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1659-74. [PMID: 25248718 PMCID: PMC4226342 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.245787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) is an important C4 plant due to its widespread use as a cereal and energy crop. A second-generation genome-scale metabolic model for the maize leaf was created to capture C4 carbon fixation and investigate nitrogen (N) assimilation by modeling the interactions between the bundle sheath and mesophyll cells. The model contains gene-protein-reaction relationships, elemental and charge-balanced reactions, and incorporates experimental evidence pertaining to the biomass composition, compartmentalization, and flux constraints. Condition-specific biomass descriptions were introduced that account for amino acids, fatty acids, soluble sugars, proteins, chlorophyll, lignocellulose, and nucleic acids as experimentally measured biomass constituents. Compartmentalization of the model is based on proteomic/transcriptomic data and literature evidence. With the incorporation of information from the MetaCrop and MaizeCyc databases, this updated model spans 5,824 genes, 8,525 reactions, and 9,153 metabolites, an increase of approximately 4 times the size of the earlier iRS1563 model. Transcriptomic and proteomic data have also been used to introduce regulatory constraints in the model to simulate an N-limited condition and mutants deficient in glutamine synthetase, gln1-3 and gln1-4. Model-predicted results achieved 90% accuracy when comparing the wild type grown under an N-complete condition with the wild type grown under an N-deficient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Simons
- Departments of Chemical Engineering (M.S., R.S., C.D.M.) and Bioinformatics and Genomics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences (A.K.), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherce Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (N.A., L.G., G.C., M.M., Z.L., G.M., B.H.); andLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom (P.J.L.)
| | - Rajib Saha
- Departments of Chemical Engineering (M.S., R.S., C.D.M.) and Bioinformatics and Genomics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences (A.K.), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherce Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (N.A., L.G., G.C., M.M., Z.L., G.M., B.H.); andLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom (P.J.L.)
| | - Nardjis Amiour
- Departments of Chemical Engineering (M.S., R.S., C.D.M.) and Bioinformatics and Genomics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences (A.K.), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherce Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (N.A., L.G., G.C., M.M., Z.L., G.M., B.H.); andLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom (P.J.L.)
| | - Akhil Kumar
- Departments of Chemical Engineering (M.S., R.S., C.D.M.) and Bioinformatics and Genomics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences (A.K.), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherce Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (N.A., L.G., G.C., M.M., Z.L., G.M., B.H.); andLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom (P.J.L.)
| | - Lenaïg Guillard
- Departments of Chemical Engineering (M.S., R.S., C.D.M.) and Bioinformatics and Genomics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences (A.K.), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherce Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (N.A., L.G., G.C., M.M., Z.L., G.M., B.H.); andLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom (P.J.L.)
| | - Gilles Clément
- Departments of Chemical Engineering (M.S., R.S., C.D.M.) and Bioinformatics and Genomics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences (A.K.), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherce Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (N.A., L.G., G.C., M.M., Z.L., G.M., B.H.); andLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom (P.J.L.)
| | - Martine Miquel
- Departments of Chemical Engineering (M.S., R.S., C.D.M.) and Bioinformatics and Genomics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences (A.K.), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherce Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (N.A., L.G., G.C., M.M., Z.L., G.M., B.H.); andLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom (P.J.L.)
| | - Zhenni Li
- Departments of Chemical Engineering (M.S., R.S., C.D.M.) and Bioinformatics and Genomics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences (A.K.), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherce Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (N.A., L.G., G.C., M.M., Z.L., G.M., B.H.); andLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom (P.J.L.)
| | - Gregory Mouille
- Departments of Chemical Engineering (M.S., R.S., C.D.M.) and Bioinformatics and Genomics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences (A.K.), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherce Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (N.A., L.G., G.C., M.M., Z.L., G.M., B.H.); andLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom (P.J.L.)
| | - Peter J Lea
- Departments of Chemical Engineering (M.S., R.S., C.D.M.) and Bioinformatics and Genomics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences (A.K.), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherce Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (N.A., L.G., G.C., M.M., Z.L., G.M., B.H.); andLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom (P.J.L.)
| | - Bertrand Hirel
- Departments of Chemical Engineering (M.S., R.S., C.D.M.) and Bioinformatics and Genomics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences (A.K.), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherce Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (N.A., L.G., G.C., M.M., Z.L., G.M., B.H.); andLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom (P.J.L.)
| | - Costas D Maranas
- Departments of Chemical Engineering (M.S., R.S., C.D.M.) and Bioinformatics and Genomics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences (A.K.), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherce Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (N.A., L.G., G.C., M.M., Z.L., G.M., B.H.); andLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom (P.J.L.)
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Geigenberger P, Fernie AR. Metabolic control of redox and redox control of metabolism in plants. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1389-421. [PMID: 24960279 PMCID: PMC4158967 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reduction-oxidation (Redox) status operates as a major integrator of subcellular and extracellular metabolism and is simultaneously itself regulated by metabolic processes. Redox status not only dominates cellular metabolism due to the prominence of NAD(H) and NADP(H) couples in myriad metabolic reactions but also acts as an effective signal that informs the cell of the prevailing environmental conditions. After relay of this information, the cell is able to appropriately respond via a range of mechanisms, including directly affecting cellular functioning and reprogramming nuclear gene expression. RECENT ADVANCES The facile accession of Arabidopsis knockout mutants alongside the adoption of broad-scale post-genomic approaches, which are able to provide transcriptomic-, proteomic-, and metabolomic-level information alongside traditional biochemical and emerging cell biological techniques, has dramatically advanced our understanding of redox status control. This review summarizes redox status control of metabolism and the metabolic control of redox status at both cellular and subcellular levels. CRITICAL ISSUES It is becoming apparent that plastid, mitochondria, and peroxisome functions influence a wide range of processes outside of the organelles themselves. While knowledge of the network of metabolic pathways and their intraorganellar redox status regulation has increased in the last years, little is known about the interorganellar redox signals coordinating these networks. A current challenge is, therefore, synthesizing our knowledge and planning experiments that tackle redox status regulation at both inter- and intracellular levels. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Emerging tools are enabling ever-increasing spatiotemporal resolution of metabolism and imaging of redox status components. Broader application of these tools will likely greatly enhance our understanding of the interplay of redox status and metabolism as well as elucidating and characterizing signaling features thereof. We propose that such information will enable us to dissect the regulatory hierarchies that mediate the strict coupling of metabolism and redox status which, ultimately, determine plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Geigenberger
- 1 Department of Biology I, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich , Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Borland AM, Hartwell J, Weston DJ, Schlauch KA, Tschaplinski TJ, Tuskan GA, Yang X, Cushman JC. Engineering crassulacean acid metabolism to improve water-use efficiency. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:327-38. [PMID: 24559590 PMCID: PMC4065858 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Climatic extremes threaten agricultural sustainability worldwide. One approach to increase plant water-use efficiency (WUE) is to introduce crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) into C3 crops. Such a task requires comprehensive systems-level understanding of the enzymatic and regulatory pathways underpinning this temporal CO2 pump. Here we review the progress that has been made in achieving this goal. Given that CAM arose through multiple independent evolutionary origins, comparative transcriptomics and genomics of taxonomically diverse CAM species are being used to define the genetic 'parts list' required to operate the core CAM functional modules of nocturnal carboxylation, diurnal decarboxylation, and inverse stomatal regulation. Engineered CAM offers the potential to sustain plant productivity for food, feed, fiber, and biofuel production in hotter and drier climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Borland
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407, USA
| | - James Hartwell
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - David J Weston
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407, USA
| | - Karen A Schlauch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MS330, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0330, USA
| | | | - Gerald A Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407, USA
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407, USA
| | - John C Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MS330, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0330, USA.
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41
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Song Y, Chen Q, Ci D, Shao X, Zhang D. Effects of high temperature on photosynthesis and related gene expression in poplar. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:111. [PMID: 24774695 PMCID: PMC4036403 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High temperature, whether transitory or constant, causes physiological, biochemical and molecular changes that adversely affect tree growth and productivity by reducing photosynthesis. To elucidate the photosynthetic adaption response and examine the recovery capacity of trees under heat stress, we measured gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, electron transport, water use efficiency, and reactive oxygen-producing enzyme activities in heat-stressed plants. RESULTS We found that photosynthesis could completely recover after less than six hours of high temperature treatment, which might be a turning point in the photosynthetic response to heat stress. Genome-wide gene expression analysis at six hours of heat stress identified 29,896 differentially expressed genes (15,670 up-regulated and 14,226 down-regulated), including multiple classes of transcription factors. These interact with each other and regulate the expression of photosynthesis-related genes in response to heat stress, controlling carbon fixation and changes in stomatal conductance. Heat stress of more than twelve hours caused reduced electron transport, damaged photosystems, activated the glycolate pathway and caused H2O2 production; as a result, photosynthetic capacity did not recover completely. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a systematic physiological and global gene expression profile of the poplar photosynthetic response to heat stress and identifies the main limitations and threshold of photosynthesis under heat stress. It will expand our understanding of plant thermostability and provides a robust dataset for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuepeng Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Dong Ci
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xinning Shao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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Ye N, Yang G, Chen Y, Zhang C, Zhang J, Peng X. Two hydroxypyruvate reductases encoded by OsHPR1 and OsHPR2 are involved in photorespiratory metabolism in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 56:170-180. [PMID: 24401104 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the photorespiration pathway display a lethal phenotype in atmospheric air, which can be fully recovered by elevated CO2 . An exception is that mutants of peroxisomal hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR1) do not have this phenotype, indicating the presence of cytosolic bypass in the photorespiration pathway. In this study, we constructed overexpression of the OsHPR1 gene and RNA interference plants of OsHPR1 and OsHPR2 genes in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Zhonghua 11). Results from reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and enzyme assays showed that HPR1 activity changed significantly in corresponding transgenic lines without any effect on HPR2 activity, which is the same for HPR2. However, metabolite analysis and the serine glyoxylate aminotransferase (SGAT) activity assay showed that the metabolite flux of photorespiration was disturbed in RNAi lines of both HPR genes. Furthermore, HPR1 and HPR2 proteins were located to the peroxisome and cytosol, respectively, by transient expression experiment. Double mutant hpr1 × hpr2 was generated by crossing individual mutant of hpr1 and hpr2. The phenotypes of all transgenic lines were determined in ambient air and CO2 -elevated air. The phenotype typical of photorespiration mutants was observed only where activity of both HPR1 and HPR2 were downregulated in the same line. These findings demonstrate that two hydroxypyruvate reductases encoded by OsHPR1 and OsHPR2 are involved in photorespiratory metabolism in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenghui Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Weber APM, Bauwe H. Photorespiration--a driver for evolutionary innovations and key to better crops. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2013; 15:621-3. [PMID: 23786418 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
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Fernie AR, Bauwe H, Eisenhut M, Florian A, Hanson DT, Hagemann M, Keech O, Mielewczik M, Nikoloski Z, Peterhänsel C, Roje S, Sage R, Timm S, von Cammerer S, Weber APM, Westhoff P. Perspectives on plant photorespiratory metabolism. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2013; 15:748-753. [PMID: 23231538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Being intimately intertwined with (C3) photosynthesis, photorespiration is an incredibly high flux-bearing pathway. Traditionally, the photorespiratory cycle was viewed as closed pathway to refill the Calvin-Benson cycle with organic carbon. However, given the network nature of metabolism, it hence follows that photorespiration will interact with many other pathways. In this article, we review current understanding of these interactions and attempt to define key priorities for future research, which will allow us greater fundamental comprehension of general metabolic and developmental consequences of perturbation of this crucial metabolic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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