1
|
Picoli F, de Oliveira AD, Marques SO, Terhorst DC, Serafini S, Nora L, Neves FF, Emerenciano MGC, Lopes DLA, da Silva AS, Fabregat TEHP. A biofloc system avoids the adverse effects of diets with suboptimal protein levels on zootechnical performance, intestinal histomorphometry, and protein metabolism of Nile tilapia juvenile fed Spirulina biomass (Arthrospira platensis) as an alternative protein source. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1605-1620. [PMID: 38739221 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the biofloc technology (BFT) system and the replacement of fish meal with Spirulina biomass on productive performance, intestinal histomorphometry, plasma biochemistry, and oxidative stress of Nile tilapia juveniles (Oreochromis niloticus) fed suboptimal levels of protein. Two factors were evaluated: production systems (clear water × BFT) and replacement of fish meal with Spirulina (0, 33, 66 e 100%). The design was in a 2 × 4 randomized factorial scheme with four replications, and the fish were evaluated for 48 days. Four isoproteic (28% crude protein) diets were formulated with gross energy values close to 4300 kcal kg-1. Nile tilapia juveniles (0.23 ± 0.01 g) were distributed in 16 circular tanks (70 L) at seven fish/tank. The diets were formulated with protein levels approximately 20% below that required for the species and life stage. No interaction was observed between the factors evaluated (production systems × Spirulina inclusion). Rearing the fish in the BFT system avoided the adverse effects of diets with suboptimal protein levels on performance, intestinal histomorphometry, and protein metabolism. Lower values lower lipid peroxidation and higher antioxidant capacity were observed in fish reared in the BFT system, showing evidence of improvements in antioxidant responses and lower levels of physiological oxidative stress. Spirulina completely replaced fish meal in the diets of Nile tilapia juveniles without adverse effects on intestinal morphometry, protein metabolism, and antioxidant response. Replacing 66% of fish meal with Spirulina improved the productive performance, regardless of the rearing system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Picoli
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, Agroveterinary Science Center (CAV), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, West Higher Education Center (CEO), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alana D de Oliveira
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, West Higher Education Center (CEO), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Suelyn O Marques
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, West Higher Education Center (CEO), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Deise C Terhorst
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, West Higher Education Center (CEO), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Suélen Serafini
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, West Higher Education Center (CEO), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luísa Nora
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, West Higher Education Center (CEO), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fabio F Neves
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, South Higher Education Center (CERES), Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maurício G C Emerenciano
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Aquaculture Program, Bribie Island Research Center, Bribie Island, QLD, Australia
| | - Diogo L A Lopes
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, West Higher Education Center (CEO), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S da Silva
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, West Higher Education Center (CEO), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Thiago E H P Fabregat
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, Agroveterinary Science Center (CAV), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmad N, Hussain SM, Ali S, Sarker PK, Al-Ghanim KA, Mahmood M. Dietary nano-Selenium supplementation improves growth performance, nutrient digestibility and hematology in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 84:127443. [PMID: 38579498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The following investigation was carried out to determine the effects of Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) on the growth rates, nutrient digestibility, and hematology of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings fed sunflower meal as basal diet. The experiment included seven test diets with varying Se levels (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mg/kg) based on Se NPs supplementation. Chromic oxide, an inert maker, was also added. Fingerlings were fed at a rate of 5% of their body weight. The test meal of 1 mg/kg Se NPs resulted in the highest weight gain (12.31 g) and the lowest feed conversion ratio (1.58). Best hematological indices (RBCs 2.84 106 mm-3, WBCs 7.79 103 mm-3, PLT 66, Hb 8.5 g/100 ml, PCV 25% and MCV 190 fl) and maximum nutrient absorption (crude protein 72%, ether extract 73% and gross energy 67%) were also observed in the case of 1 mg/kg supplementation of Se NPs. Hematology studies indicated that when fish were fed 0.5 mg/kg Se NPs, their levels began to rise. Maximum results were achieved with feed containing 1 mg/kg of Se NPs, but when the concentration increased above 1 mg/kg, the values began to decline. Instead, nutrient digestibility began to increase when the concentration of Se NPs increased to 1 mg/kg and abruptly started to decline with a further increase in Se NPs. The results demonstrated that a sunflower meal-based diet supplemented with Se NPs (1 mg/kg) increased the growth performance, nutritional digestibility, and hematology of C. mrigala fingerlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Jhang, Punjab 35200, Pakistan
| | - Syed Makhdoom Hussain
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Pallab K Sarker
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Khalid A Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Mahmood
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hăbeanu M, Gheorghe A, Dinita G, Mihalcea T. An In-Depth Insight into the Profile, Mechanisms, Functions, and Transfer of Essential Amino Acids from Mulberry Leaves to Silkworm Bombyx mori L. Pupae and Fish. INSECTS 2024; 15:332. [PMID: 38786888 PMCID: PMC11122254 DOI: 10.3390/insects15050332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The silkworm Bombyx mori, the second most varied group of insects, is a fascinating insect that belongs to the Lepidoptera species. We aimed to deepen our knowledge about the composition and significance of amino acids (AA) from the sericulture chain to fish. AAs are the most prevalent molecules throughout the growth process of silkworms. We described AAs classification, occurrence, metabolism, and functions. Online datasets revealed that the essential AAs (EAA) level in fish meal and silkworm pupae (SWP) is comparable. SWP have a high content of methionine and lysine, which are the principal limiting AAs in fish diets, indicating that SWP have nutritional potential to be added to fish diets. Additionally, an overview of the data analyzed displays that SWP have a higher protein efficiency ratio than fish meal, the classical protein-rich source (>1.19 times), and compared to soybean meal, the second-most preferred source of protein in aquaculture (>2.08 times), indicating that SWP can be considered effective for animal feeding. In this study, we provide an overview of the current knowledge concerning AAs, paying special emphasis to EAAs and explaining, to some extent, certain mechanisms and functions of these compounds, from mulberry leaves to larvae-pupae and fish diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Hăbeanu
- Research Station for Sericulture Baneasa, 013685 Bucharest, Romania; (A.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Anca Gheorghe
- Research Station for Sericulture Baneasa, 013685 Bucharest, Romania; (A.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Georgeta Dinita
- Faculty of Animal Productions Engineering and Management, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd., District 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Teodor Mihalcea
- Research Station for Sericulture Baneasa, 013685 Bucharest, Romania; (A.G.); (T.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hussain SM, Bano AA, Ali S, Rizwan M, Adrees M, Zahoor AF, Sarker PK, Hussain M, Arsalan MZUH, Yong JWH, Naeem A. Substitution of fishmeal: Highlights of potential plant protein sources for aquaculture sustainability. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26573. [PMID: 38434023 PMCID: PMC10906437 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
High protein content, excellent amino acid profile, absence of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), high digestibility and good palatability of fishmeal (FM), make it a major source of protein in aquaculture. Naturally derived FM is at risk due to an increase in its demand, unsustainable practices, and price. Thus, there is an urgent need to find affordable and suitable protein sources to replace FM. Plant protein sources are suitable due to their widespread availability and low cost. However, they contained certain ANFs, deficiency of some amino acids, low nutrient bioavailability and poor digestibility due to presence of starch and fiber. These unfavourable characteristics make them less suitable for feed as compared to FM. Thus, these potential challenges and limitations associated with various plant proteins have to be overcome by using different methods, i.e. enzymatic pretreatments, solvent extraction, heat treatments and fermentation, that are discussed briefly in this review. This review assessed the impacts of plant products on growth performance, body composition, flesh quality, changes in metabolic activities and immune response of fishes. To minimize the negative effects and to enhance nutritional value of plant products, beneficial functional additives such as citric acid, phytase and probiotics could be incorporated into the plant-based FM. Interestingly, these additives improve growth of fishes by increasing digestibility and nutrient utilization of plant based feeds. Overall, this review demonstrated that the substitution of fishmeal by plant protein sources is a plausible, technically-viable and practical option for sustainable aquaculture feed production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Makhdoom Hussain
- Fish Nutrition Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Aumme Adeeba Bano
- Fish Nutrition Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adrees
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Pallab K. Sarker
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Majid Hussain
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, 56300, Pakistan
| | | | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23456, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Adan Naeem
- Fish Nutrition Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jean AB, Brown RC. Techno-Economic Analysis of Gas Fermentation for the Production of Single Cell Protein. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:3823-3829. [PMID: 38366998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Despite the large carbon footprint of livestock production, animal protein consumption has grown over the past several decades, necessitating new approaches to sustainable animal protein production. In this techno-economic analysis, single cell protein (SCP) produced via gas fermentation of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and hydrogen is studied as an animal feed source to replace fishmeal or soybean meal. Using wind-powered water electrolysis to produce hydrogen and oxygen with carbon dioxide captured from corn ethanol, the minimum selling price (MSP) of SCP is determined to be $2070 per metric ton. An emissions comparison between SCP, fishmeal, and soybean meal shows that SCP has a carbon intensity as low as 0.73 kg CO2-equiv/kg protein, while fishmeal and soybean meal have an average carbon intensity of 2.72 kg CO2-equiv/kg protein and 0.85 kg CO2-equiv/kg protein, respectively. Moreover, SCP production would occupy 0.4% of the land per ton of protein produced compared to soybean meal and would disturb less than 0.1% of the marine ecosystem currently disturbed by fishmeal harvesting practices. These results show promise for the future economic viability of SCP as a protein source in animal feed and indicate significant environmental benefits compared to other animal feed protein sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra B Jean
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Robert C Brown
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Bioeconomy Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiao D, Jiao F, Qian ZJ, Luo L, Wang Y, Shen YD, Lei HT, Xu ZL. Formation and Detection of Gizzerosine in Animal Feed Matrices: Progress and Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3247-3258. [PMID: 38320115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Gizzerosine is responsible for gizzard erosion and black vomit, owing to excessive gastric acid secretion in poultry. It is a biogenic amine that forms during feed processing. Gizzerosine, a derivative of histamine, is a serious threat to animal feed safety and poultry production because it is more potent after ingestion and more harmful to poultry than histamine. The difficulty of obtaining gizzerosine and the lack of simple, rapid, and sensitive in vitro detection techniques have hindered studies on the effects of gizzerosine on gizzard health and poultry production. In this review, we evaluated the natural formation and the chemical synthesis methods of gizzerosine and introduced seven detection methods and their principles for analyzing gizzerosine. This review summarizes the issues of gizzerosine research and suggests methods for the future development of gizzerosine detection methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Jiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fan Jiao
- Gong Yi Shi Di San Chu Ji Zhong Xue, Zhengzhou 451200, China
| | - Zhen-Jie Qian
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou, 510410, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou, 510410, China
| | - Yu-Dong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong-Tao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kawasaki K, Zhao J, Takao N, Sato M, Ban T, Tamamaki K, Kagami M, Yano K. Sustenance Trial to Analyze the Effects of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal on the Reproductive Efficiency of Sows and the Hematological Properties of Suckling and Weaning Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3410. [PMID: 37958165 PMCID: PMC10647472 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The escalating demand for meat, driven by global population growth, necessitates sustainable solutions for animal feed production. This study investigated the effects of substituting conventional protein resources in sow and piglet dietary regimens with black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) meal on reproductive efficiency, blood profile, piglet growth, and intestinal tissue morphology. The results indicate that substituting animal-derived and soy proteins with BSF meal does not compromise sow reproductive performance. Although no notable disparities were observed in piglet growth, the feed conversion ratio from the 28- to 35-day age marks were lower in the BSF-fed groups. This suggests that the animal protein-BSF substitution rate may require optimization, potentially involving chitin removal from BSF meal to enhance digestibility. Minor variations in the hematological composition and properties in piglets, with elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the high BSF group at the 28-day mark, were potentially attributable to the unique fatty acid composition of BSF meal. Moreover, this study potentiates future exploration into the efficacy of complete animal protein substitution with BSF meals on piglet nutrition and physiology, particularly in fattening pigs. The practical implementation of BSF meals in animal feed production holds promise for enhancing the sustainability of the swine industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyonori Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Junliang Zhao
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Natsu Takao
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Masaki Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Takuma Ban
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Kaoru Tamamaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Masanori Kagami
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Kiminobu Yano
- University Farm, Kagawa University, Showa 300-2, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2304, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Elhussieny NI, El-Refai HA, Mohamed SS, Shetaia YM, Amin HA, Klöck G. Rhizopus stolonifer biomass catalytic transesterification capability: optimization of cultivation conditions. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:154. [PMID: 37580714 PMCID: PMC10424374 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using fungal biomass for biocatalysis is a potential solution for the expensive cost of the use o enzymes. Production of fungal biomass with effective activity requires optimizing the cultivation conditions. RESULTS Rhizopus stolonifer biomass was optimized for transesterification and hydrolysis of waste frying oil (WFO). Growth and biomass lipolytic activities of R. stolonifer improved under shaking conditions compared to static conditions, and 200 rpm was optimum. As biomass lipase and transesterification activities inducer, olive oil was superior to soybean, rapeseed, and waste frying oils. Biomass produced in culture media containing fishmeal as an N-source feedstock had higher lipolytic capabilities than corn-steep liquor and urea. Plackett Burman screening of 9 factors showed that pH (5-9), fishmeal (0.25-1.7%, w/v), and KH2PO4 (0.1-0.9%, w/v) were significant factors with the highest main effect estimates 11.46, 10.42, 14.90, respectively. These factors were selected for response surface methodology (RSM) optimization using central composite design (CCD). CCD models for growth, biomass lipase activity, and transesterification capability were significant. The optimum conditions for growth and lipid modification catalytic activities were pH 7.4, fishmeal (2.62%, w/v), and KH2PO4 (2.99%, w/v). CONCLUSION Optimized culture conditions improved the whole cell transesterification capability of Rhizopus stolonifer biomass in terms of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) concentration by 67.65% to a final FAME concentration of 85.5%, w/w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem I Elhussieny
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, 28199, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Heba A El-Refai
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Sayeda S Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Yousseria M Shetaia
- Department of Microbiology, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Hala A Amin
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Gerd Klöck
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, 28199, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Villanova V, Roques JAC, Forghani B, Shaikh KM, Undeland I, Spetea C. Two-phase microalgae cultivation for RAS water remediation and high-value biomass production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1186537. [PMID: 37377803 PMCID: PMC10292630 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1186537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The overall goal of this study was to provide solutions to innovative microalgae-based technology for wastewater remediation in a cold-water recirculating marine aquaculture system (RAS). This is based on the novel concept of integrated aquaculture systems in which fish nutrient-rich rearing water will be used for microalgae cultivation. The produced biomass can be used as fish feed, while the cleaned water can be reused, to create a highly eco-sustainable circular economy. Here, we tested three microalgae species Nannochloropis granulata (Ng), Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Pt), and Chlorella sp (Csp) for their ability to remove nitrogen and phosphate from the RAS wastewater and simultaneously produce high-value biomass, i.e., containing amino acids (AA), carotenoids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). A high yield and value of biomass were achieved for all species in a two-phase cultivation strategy: i) a first phase using a medium optimized for best growth (f/2 14x, control); ii) a second "stress" phase using the RAS wastewater to enhance the production of high-value metabolites. Ng and Pt performed best in terms of biomass yield (i.e., 5-6 g of dry weight, DW.L-1) and efficient cleaning of the RAS wastewater from nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate (i.e., 100% removal). Csp produced about 3 g L-1 of DW and reduced efficiently only nitrate, and phosphate (i.e., about 76% and 100% removal, respectively). The biomass of all strains was rich in protein (30-40 % of DW) containing all the essential AA except Methionine. The biomass of all three species was also rich in PUFAs. Finally, all tested species are excellent sources of antioxidant carotenoids, including fucoxanthin (Pt), lutein (Ng and Csp) and β-carotene (Csp). All tested species in our novel two-phase cultivation strategy thus showed great potential to treat marine RAS wastewater and provide sustainable alternatives to animal and plant proteins with extra added values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Villanova
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jonathan Armand Charles Roques
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- SWEMARC, The Swedish Mariculture Research Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bita Forghani
- Department of Life Sciences-Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kashif Mohd Shaikh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Undeland
- Department of Life Sciences-Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Weston BR, Thiele I. A nutrition algorithm to optimize feed and medium composition using genome-scale metabolic models. Metab Eng 2023; 76:167-178. [PMID: 36724839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of animal feeds and cell culture media are problems of interest to a wide range of industries and scientific disciplines. Both problems are dictated by the properties of an organism's metabolism. However, due to the tremendous complexity of metabolic systems, it can be difficult to predict how metabolism will respond to changes in nutrient availability. A common tool used to capture the complexity of metabolism in a computational framework is a genome-scale metabolic model (GEM). GEMs are useful for predicting the fluxes of reactions within an organism's metabolism. To optimize feed or media, in silico experiments can be performed with GEMs by systematically varying nutritional constraints and predicting metabolic activity. In this way, the influence of various nutritional changes on metabolic outcomes can be evaluated. However, this methodology does not guarantee an optimal solution. Here, we develop a nutrition algorithm that utilizes linear programming to search the entire flux solution space of possible dietary intervention strategies to identify the most efficient changes to nutrition for a desirable metabolic outcome. We illustrate the utility of the nutrition algorithm on GEMs of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell metabolism and find that the nutrition algorithm makes predictions that not only align with experimental findings but reveal new insights into promising feeding strategies. We show that the nutrition algorithm is highly versatile and customizable to meet the user's needs. For instance, we demonstrate that the nutrition algorithm can be used to predict feed/media compositions that maximize profit margins. While the nutrition algorithm can be used to define an optimal feed/medium ab initio, it can also identify minimal changes to be made to an existing feed/medium to drive the largest metabolic shift. Moreover, the nutrition algorithm can target multiple metabolic pathways simultaneously with only a marginal increase in computational expense. While the nutrition algorithm has its limitations, we believe that this tool can be leveraged in a broad range of biotechnological applications to enhance the feed/medium optimization process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bronson R Weston
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland; Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Ines Thiele
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland; Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland; Discipline of Microbiology, University of Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Comparison of Commercial Fish Proteins' Chemical and Sensory Properties for Human Consumption. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050966. [PMID: 36900483 PMCID: PMC10000493 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To stop overfishing and meet the protein needs of a growing population, more information is needed on how to use marine by-catches, by-products, and undervalued fish species for human consumption. Turning them into protein powder is a sustainable and marketable way to add value. However, more knowledge of the chemical and sensory properties of commercial fish proteins is needed to identify the challenges in developing fish derivatives. This study aimed to characterize the sensory and chemical properties of commercial fish proteins to compare their suitability for human consumption. Proximate composition, protein, polypeptide and lipid profiles, lipid oxidation, and functional properties were analyzed. The sensory profile was compiled using generic descriptive analysis, and odor-active compounds were identified with gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS/O). Results indicated significant differences in chemical and sensory properties between processing methods but not between fish species. However, the raw material had some influence in the proteins' proximate composition. Bitterness and fishiness were the main perceived off-flavors. All samples, apart from hydrolyzed collagen, had intense flavor and odor. Differences in odor-active compounds supported the sensory evaluation results. The chemical properties revealed that the lipid oxidation, peptide profile, and raw material degradation are likely affecting the sensory properties of commercial fish proteins. Limiting lipid oxidation during processing is crucial for the development of mild-tasting and -smelling products for human consumption.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lu W, Yu H, Liang Y, Zhai S. Evaluation of Methanotroph ( Methylococcus capsulatus, Bath) Bacteria Protein as an Alternative to Fish Meal in the Diet of Juvenile American Eel ( Anguilla rostrata). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040681. [PMID: 36830467 PMCID: PMC9952290 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with methanotroph (Methylococcus capsulatus, Bath) bacteria protein (MBP) in the diets of the juvenile American eel (Anguilla rostrata). Trial fish were randomly divided into the MBP0 group, MBP6 group, MBP12 group, and MBP18 group fed the diets with MBP replacing FM at levels of 0, 6%, 12%, and 18%, respectively. The trial lasted for ten weeks. There were no significant differences in weight gain or feed utilization among the MBP0, MBP6, and MBP12 groups (except for the feeding rate in the MBP12 group). Compared with the MBP0 group, the D-lactate level and diamine oxidase activity in the serum were significantly elevated in the MBP12 and MBP18 groups. In terms of non-specific immunity parameters in serum, the alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly decreased in the MBP18 group, and the complement 3 level was significantly elevated in the MBP12 and MBP18 groups. The activities of lipase and protease in the intestine were significantly decreased in the MBP12 and MBP18 groups. Compared with the MBP0 group, the total antioxidant capacity and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the intestine were significantly decreased in the MBP18 group, while the malondialdehyde level was significantly increased. The villus height, muscular thickness, and microvillus density were significantly decreased in the MBP12 and MBP18 groups. There were no significant differences in the foresaid parameters between the MBP0 group and the MBP6 group. The intestinal microbiota of the MBP6 group was beneficially regulated to maintain similar growth and health status with the MBP0 group. The adverse effects on the intestinal microbiota were reflected in the MBP18 group. In conclusion, MBP could successfully replace 6% of FM in the diet without adversely affecting the growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and intestinal health of juvenile American eels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Lu
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Haixia Yu
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shaowei Zhai
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-592-6181420
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Two-Stage Fermented Feather Meal-Soybean Meal Product Improves the Performance and Immunity of Lactating Sows and Piglets. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a two-stage fermented feather meal-soybean meal product (TSFP) on the performance, clinical blood biochemistry, and immunity of sows and piglets. TSFP was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y10 for three days in the second stage, which showed similar results to the five-day fermentation of B. coagulans (p > 0.05). Fifty hybrid sows (Duroc × KHAPS black pig) were randomly assigned into dietary supplementation groups of 2% fish meal or different levels of TSFP at 0%, 1%, 2%, or 3%. The results showed that body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of 2% and 3% TSFP groups were better than the control group and fish meal group during the gestation period (d 80–114) (p < 0.05). During the lactation period, the 3% TSFP group showed the best weaning litter weight (p < 0.05). In sows, interferon-γ and immunoglobulin G (IgG) of 2% and 3% TSFP groups were higher than the control group and fish meal group (p < 0.05). In piglets, in groups of 2% and 3% TSFP blood urea decreased (p < 0.05). The IgG of fermented groups was superior to the control group (p < 0.05). The oxidative burst of phagocytes in the 3% TSFP was higher than those of the control and fish meal groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, TSFP supplementation exhibits the advantages of performance and immunity of lactating sows and piglets. Furthermore, adding 3% TSFP in the feed showed the best performance.
Collapse
|
14
|
Dietary Use of Methionine Sources and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 Influences Growth Performance, Hepatopancreatic Histology, Digestion, Immunity, and Digestive Microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei Fed Reduced Fishmeal Diets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010043. [PMID: 36611655 PMCID: PMC9817784 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial investigated the effect of Fishmeal (FM) replacement by soybean meal (SBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) in diets supplemented with DL-Met, MET-MET (AQUAVI®), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 (ECOBIOL®) and their combinations on growth performance and health of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. A total of six experimental diets were formulated according to L. vannamei nutritional requirements. A total of 480 shrimp (0.30 ± 0.04 g) were randomly distributed into 24 tanks (4 repetitions/each diet, 20 shrimp/tank). Shrimp were fed with control diet (CD; 200 g/Kg fishmeal) and five diets with 50% FM replacement supplemented with different methionine sources, probiotic (B. amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940) and their combinations: D1 (0.13% DL-MET), D2 (0.06% MET-MET), D3 (0.19% MET-MET), D4 (0.13% DL-MET plus 0.10% B. amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 and D5 (0.06% MET-MET plus 0.10% B. amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940). Shrimp fed D3 and D5 had significantly higher final, weekly weight gain, and final biomass compared to shrimp fed CD (p < 0.05). Shrimp fed D2 to D5 increased the hepatopancreas epithelial cell height (p < 0.05). Digestive enzymatic activities were significantly increased in shrimp hepatopancreas’ fed D3 (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, shrimp fed D1 had significant downregulation of immune-related genes (p < 0.05). Moreover, shrimp fed D3 and D5 increased the abundance of beneficial prokaryotic microorganisms such as Pseudoalteromonas and Demequina related to carbohydrate metabolism and immune stimulation. Also, shrimp fed D3 and D5 increased the abundance of beneficial eukaryotic microorganism as Aurantiochytrium and Aplanochytrium were related to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production which plays a role in growth promoting or boosting the immunity of aquatic organisms. Therefore, fishmeal could be partially substituted up to 50% by SBM and PBM in diets supplemented with 0.19% MET-MET (AQUAVI®) or 0.06% MET-MET (AQUAVI®) plus 0.10% B. amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 (ECOBIOL®) and improve the productive performance, health, and immunity of white shrimp. Further research is necessary to investigate synergistic effects of amino acids and probiotics in farmed shrimp diets, as well as to evaluate how SBM and PBM influence the fatty acid composition of reduced fishmeal diets and shrimp muscle quality. Nevertheless, this information could be interesting to develop low fishmeal feeds for aquaculture without affecting the growth and welfare of aquatic organisms.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zheng C, Cao J, Chi S, Dong X, Yang Q, Liu H, Zhang S, Xie S, Tan B. Dietary phosphorus supplementation in the diet of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) alleviated the adverse impacts caused by high Clostridium autoethanogenum protein. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:137-149. [PMID: 36206997 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the effects of dietary phosphorus supplementation on the fishmeal replacement with Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) in the diet of L. vannamei. Four isonitrogenous and isolipid diets were formulated: the PC diet contains 25% fishmeal, the NC, P1 and P2 diets were replaced 40% fishmeal with CAP and supplemented with 0, 0.8 and 1.6% NaH2PO4 respectively (equivalent to dietary phosphorus level of 0.96%, 1.12% and 1.27%). Sampling and V. parahaemolyticus challenge test were conducted after 50-day-feeding (initial shrimp weight 1.79 ± 0.02 g). The results showed that there were no significant differences in the growth performance of shrimp among the 4 groups. The expressions of dorsal in the gut were significantly lower in shrimp fed the P1 and P2 diets than shrimp fed the NC diet and the expression of peroxinectin in the gut was lower in shrimp fed the NC diet than others. The cumulative mortality of shrimp after V. parahaemolyticus challenge was significantly lower in shrimp fed the P2 diet than those fed the NC diet. After the challenge, genes expressions related to the prophenoloxidase activating system (proPO, lgbp, ppaf) were inhibited in the hepatopancreas of shrimp fed NC diet but activated in shrimp fed the P1 diet compared to those fed the PC diet. The AKP and T-AOC activities were higher in shrimp fed the P2 diet than those fed the other diets. The thickness of muscle layer of shrimp fed the P1 diet was thicker than that in the other groups, and significant stress damage happened in the midgut of the shrimp fed the NC diet. The abundance of Pseudoalteromonas, Haloferula and Ruegeria in shrimp fed the P1 diet was higher than those fed the other diets, while Vibrio in shrimp fed the P2 diet was higher than those fed the other diets. This indicated that a low fishmeal diet with dietary phosphorus level of 1.12% could improve the histology, enhance immune response, and increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the gut of shrimp. The low fishmeal diet with dietary phosphorus level of 1.27% could improve disease resistance and antioxidant capacity, but there was a possibility of damage to the gut histology as well as increasing abundance of Vibrio in the gut microbiota of shrimp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhong Zheng
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Junming Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, PR China; Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Shiwei Xie
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, PR China.
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pelyuntha W, Yafa A, Charoenwong B, Vongkamjan K. Effectiveness of the Organic Acid-Based Antimicrobial Agent to Prevent Bacterial Contamination in Fish Meal. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3367. [PMID: 36496886 PMCID: PMC9741115 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal feed production is an important step of the food animal production chain in a farm-to-table model. The contamination of raw ingredients with foodborne pathogens in feed production remains as an important safety issue where pathogens may spread into food animals to cause illnesses in humans when affected food animals are consumed. In the present study, we aimed to examine the quality and microbial contamination of fish meal and to investigate the effectiveness of the organic acid-based antimicrobial agent SALTEC 514TM against Salmonella to prevent bacterial contamination in fish meal. Fish meal samples (n = 4) collected from feed mills at different locations were analyzed for protein and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) content to assess their nutritional value and freshness, and its microbiological quality. The protein and TVBN content ranged from 53.2 ± 3.1 to 67.5 ± 2.3 g/100 g and 73.8 ± 4.5 to 100.4 ± 11.2 mg/100 g meal, respectively. Total plate count of the fish meal samples ranged from 2.0 ± 0.3 to 4.5 ± 0.5 log units, whereas suspected foodborne bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella, were not detected in all samples. Fish meal samples were artificially contaminated (day 0) and re-challenged (day 30 and 90) with Salmonella Enteritidis (3 log CFU/g) to test for the effectiveness of SALTEC 514TM, an organic acid-based antimicrobial formulation, in preventing Salmonella contamination and recontamination during storage. SALTEC 514TM, when applied at three different doses, was found to reduce the number of Salmonella in monitored samples after one day of storage. A low dose of 0.5 kg/ton SALTEC 514TM prevented Salmonella recontamination from occurring in fish meal samples stored for 37 days. In medium (1.0 kg/ton) and high doses (3.0 kg/ton), applications of SALTEC 514TM prevented the Salmonella recontamination for a maximum storage duration of 97 days. The application of SALTEC 514TM in fish meal and/or other feed ingredients may prove to be a safe alternative to reduce the microbial load, especially of foodborne-related microorganisms, to contribute to feed and food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wattana Pelyuntha
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart Univeristy, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Ananya Yafa
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart Univeristy, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | | | - Kitiya Vongkamjan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart Univeristy, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Han YK, Xu YC, Luo Z, Zhao T, Zheng H, Tan XY. Fish Meal Replacement by Mixed Plant Protein in the Diets for Juvenile Yellow Catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco: Effects on Growth Performance and Health Status. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2022; 2022:2677885. [PMID: 36860441 PMCID: PMC9973144 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2677885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing dietary replacement levels of fish meal by alternative plant proteins are of value for aquaculture. Here, a 10-week feeding experiment was undertaken to explore the effects of fish meal replacement by mixed plant protein (at a 2 : 3 ratio of cottonseed meal to rapeseed meal) on growth performance, oxidative and inflammatory responses, and mTOR pathway of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Yellow catfish (2.38 ± 0.1 g, mean ± SEM) were randomly divided into 15 indoors fiberglass tanks, 30 fish each tank, and fed five isonitrogenous (44% crude protein) and isolipidic (9% crude fat) diets with fish meal replaced by mixed plant protein at 0% (the control), 10% (RM10), 20% (RM20), 30% (RM30), and 40% (RM40), respectively. Among five groups, fish fed the control, and RM10 diets tended to have higher growth performance, higher protein content, and lower lipid content in livers. Dietary mixed plant protein substitute increased hepatic free gossypol content and damaged liver histology and reduced the serum total essential amino acids, total nonessential amino acids, and total amino acid contents. Yellow catfish fed the control, and RM10 diets tended to have higher antioxidant capacity. Dietary mixed plant protein replacement tended to promote proinflammatory responses and inhibited mTOR pathway. Based on the second regression analysis of SGR against mixed plant protein substitutes, the optimal replacement level of fish meal by mixed plant protein was 8.7%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Kang Han
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed Formulation for Aquatic Economic Animals, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi-Chuang Xu
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed Formulation for Aquatic Economic Animals, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed Formulation for Aquatic Economic Animals, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed Formulation for Aquatic Economic Animals, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed Formulation for Aquatic Economic Animals, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Tan
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed Formulation for Aquatic Economic Animals, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Effects of the Replacement of Dietary Fish Meal with Defatted Yellow Mealworm ( Tenebrio molitor) on Juvenile Large Yellow Croakers ( Larimichthys crocea) Growth and Gut Health. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192659. [PMID: 36230400 PMCID: PMC9559568 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fish meal is the most common protein source in aquatic feeds. The decline of fishery resources and the increased demand have led to a shortage of fish meal resources in recent years. To ensure the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry, it is crucial to find a low-price, high-quality protein source to replace fish meal. In this study, substituting fish meal of large yellow croakers (Larimichthys crocea) diets with defatted yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) test was carried out. The results showed that the dietary fish meal could be replaced by 15% defatted yellow mealworm in feeds containing 40% fish meal without adversely affecting the growth of large yellow croakers, and to some extent improving the immunity of the organism. Substitution levels of 15% or more are beneficial for digestive enzymes. In addition, the moderate addition of defatted yellow mealworm improves intestinal health by improving the structure and microbial composition of the gut. Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Tenebrio molitor meal (TM) replacement for fish meal (FM) on growth performance, humoral immunity, and intestinal health of juvenile large yellow croakers (Larimichthys crocea). Four experimental diets were formulated by replacing FM with TM at different levels—0% (TM0), 15% (TM15), 30% (TM30), and 45% (TM45). Triplicate groups of juveniles (initial weight = 11.80 ± 0.02 g) were fed the test diets to apparent satiation two times daily for eight weeks. There was no significant difference in final body weight (FBW) and weight gain rate (WG) among TM0, TM15, and TM30, while TM45 feeding significantly reduced the FBW and WG. Compared with TM0, AKP activity in serum was significantly decreased in TM45, while the TM15 group remarkably increased LZM activity. TM30 showed significantly higher serum C3 levels compared to the TM0 group, while the TM addition groups decreased the C4 levels significantly in the serum. In terms of intestinal histology, the addition of TM increased the height and thickness of the intestinal villus and also increased the thickness of the intestinal muscles significantly. The addition of TM significantly reduced the serum DAO and D-lactate concentrations. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the addition of TM significantly enhanced the relative abundance of Bacilli and Lactobacillus and contributed to the decrease in the relative abundance of Plesiomonas. In addition, the TM30 and TM45 groups significantly reduced the abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae. Overall, our results indicated that TM could be a viable alternative protein source, 6.7% TM supplantation (replacing 15% FM) in large yellow croaker feed improved humoral immunity and intestinal health with no adverse effects on growth. Furthermore, the replacement of FM with 30% and 45% TM adversely affects growth and humoral immunity.
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen S, Tang Y, Zhang Z, Zheng J, He Y, Wang Z, Mai K, Ai Q. Replacement of Dietary Fishmeal Protein with Degossypolized Cottonseed Protein on Growth Performance, Nonspecific Immune Response, Antioxidant Capacity, and Target of Rapamycin Pathway of Juvenile Large Yellow Croaker ( Larimichthys crocea). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2022; 2022:8529556. [PMID: 36860446 PMCID: PMC9973143 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8529556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A 70-day feeding experiment was carried out to assess the replacement of dietary fishmeal (FM) protein with degossypolized cottonseed protein (DCP) on large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) with initial body weight (13.09 ± 0.50 g). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets replaced fishmeal protein with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% DCP were formulated and named as FM (the control group), DCP20, DCP40, DCP60, and DCP80, respectively. Results displayed that weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) in the DCP20 group (263.91% and 1.85% d-1) were significantly increased compared with the control group (194.79% and 1.54% d-1) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, fish fed the diet with 20% DCP significantly increased the activity of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the content of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) in the DCP20, DCP40, and DCP80 groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The activity of intestinal trypsin in the DCP20 group was significantly degraded compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05). The transcription of hepatic proinflammatory cytokine genes (interleukin-6 (il-6); tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α); and interferon-γ (ifn-γ)) in the DCP20 and DCP40 groups was significantly upregulated compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05). As to the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway, the transcription of hepatic target of rapamycin (tor) and ribosomal protein (s6) was significantly up-regulated, while the transcription of hepatic eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4e-bp1) gene was significantly downregulated in the DCP group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In summary, based on the broken line regression model analysis of WGR and SGR against dietary DCP replacement levels, the optimal replacement level was recommended to be 8.12% and 9.37% for large yellow croaker, respectively. These results revealed that FM protein replaced with 20% DCP could promote digestive enzyme activities and antioxidant capacity and further activate immune response and the TOR pathway so that growth performance of juvenile large yellow croaker was improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Yuhang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Jichang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Yuliang He
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Feeds of animal origin in rabbit nutrition – a review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rabbits are classified as obligate herbivores. However, under natural conditions, some members of the family Leporidae incorporate animal products into their diets. Therefore, it seems biologically justified to supplement the diets of farmed rabbits with feeds of animal origin as sources of protein, fat and minerals. The aim of this review was to describe, from a historical perspective, the use of various feeds of animal origin in rabbit nutrition. The applicability of by-products from mammal, poultry, fish and invertebrate processing for rabbit feeding was evaluated, including the future prospects for their use. A review of the available literature revealed that various animal-based feeds can be valuable protein sources in rabbit diets, but their inclusion levels should not exceed 5-10%. Studies investigating their efficacy have been conducted since the 1970s. In some regions of the world, the use of animal-derived protein in livestock feeds was prohibited due to the risk of spreading bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). However, the interest in animal by-products as protein sources in livestock diets is likely to increase since the above ban has been lifted.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sandström V, Chrysafi A, Lamminen M, Troell M, Jalava M, Piipponen J, Siebert S, van Hal O, Virkki V, Kummu M. Food system by-products upcycled in livestock and aquaculture feeds can increase global food supply. NATURE FOOD 2022; 3:729-740. [PMID: 37118146 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Many livestock and aquaculture feeds compete for resources with food production. Increasing the use of food system by-products and residues as feed could reduce this competition. We gathered data on global food system material flows for crop, livestock and aquaculture production, focusing on feed use and the availability of by-products and residues. We then analysed the potential of replacing food-competing feedstuff-here cereals, whole fish, vegetable oils and pulses that account for 15% of total feed use-with food system by-products and residues. Considering the nutritional requirements of food-producing animals, including farmed aquatic species, this replacement could increase the current global food supply by up to 13% (10-16%) in terms of kcal and 15% (12-19%) in terms of protein content. Increasing the use of food system by-products as feed has considerable potential, particularly when combined with other measures, in the much-needed transition towards circular food systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Sandström
- Water & Development Research Group, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Anna Chrysafi
- Water & Development Research Group, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marjukka Lamminen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Max Troell
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mika Jalava
- Water & Development Research Group, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Stefan Siebert
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ollie van Hal
- Louis Bolk Institute, Bunnik, the Netherlands
- Animal Production Systems group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vili Virkki
- Water & Development Research Group, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Matti Kummu
- Water & Development Research Group, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Boontiam W, Hong J, Kitipongpysan S, Wattanachai S. Full-fat field cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) as a substitute for fish meal and soybean meal for weaning piglets: effects on growth performance, intestinal health, and redox status. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac080. [PMID: 35289918 PMCID: PMC9047170 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Full-fat field cricket meal (FCP) is an alternative protein ingredient in livestock production; however, the effects of replacing conventional protein sources with FCP in nursery diets have not been determined. In this study, the effects of the partial replacement of either fish meal or soybean meal with FCP on weaning pigs were evaluated, including the analyses of growth performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal morphology,
immunity, oxidative stress, and fecal microbial counts. A total of 100 crossbred weaning pigs [(Landrace × Large White) × Duroc] were allotted to one of the following five treatments with five replicates (four pigs/pen) and fed for 28 d postweaning. Treatments were 1) a corn-soybean meal (SBM)-based diet with 5% fish meal (Positive control; PC), 2) a corn-SBM-based diet without fish meal (Negative control; NC), 3) field crickets replacing fishmeal on a total Lys basis (FCP1), 4) field crickets replacing fishmeal on a kg/kg basis (FCP2), and 5) field crickets replacing fish meal and soybean meal (FCP3). The piglets on FCP1 had a higher body weight on days 14 and 28, and an increased average daily gain over the experimental period than NC (P < 0.05); FCP2 and FCP3 were similar to the FCP1 treatment. The incidence of diarrhea was lower under an FCP-supplemented diet than under the NC diet throughout the study (P < 0.05). Pigs fed FCP1 and FCP2 had a higher digestibility of crude
protein (P = 0.041), and all FCP groups increased crude fat digestibility (P = 0.024). FCP1 and FCP2 also increased jejunal villus height
(P = 0.009), whereas the increase in jejunal villus-to-crypt ratios (P = 0.019) was greater in pigs fed the FCP2 diet than those fed the NC diet. Furthermore, FCP2 supplementation increased serum immunoglobulin A levels on days 14 and 28, including reduced serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels (P < 0.05). Pigs fed an FCP2 diet had reduced malondialdehyde levels than those fed a PC diet, while pigs fed an FCP2 diet had higher superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels, and more fecal Lactobacillus spp. than those fed an NC diet (P < 0.05). These results support the use of FCP as an alternative protein ingredient with beneficial effects on growth performance, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota. In particular, FCP can be used as a partial substitute for fish meal and soybean meal without detrimental effects on weaning pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waewaree Boontiam
- Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jinsu Hong
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, U083SA, USA
| | - Sumetee Kitipongpysan
- Division of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Chandrakasem Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Suchat Wattanachai
- Division of Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Changes in Protein and Non-Protein Nitrogen Compounds during Fishmeal Processing—Identification of Unoptimized Processing Steps. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10040621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Quality changes of protein and non-protein nitrogen compounds during industrial fishmeal processing of fatty pelagic species (mackerel/herring rest material blend, MHB) and lean fish (whole blue whiting, BW) were studied to identify processing steps that require optimization to allow production of products for human consumption. Samples from protein-rich processing streams throughout the fishmeal production were analyzed for proximate composition, salt soluble protein content (SSP), biogenic amines (BA), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine (TMA), and dimethylamine (DMA). Mass flows throughout processing were balanced based on the total mass and proximate composition data. The quality of the final fishmeal products was highly dependent on the fish species being processed, indicating that the processes require optimization towards each raw material. The chemical composition changed in each processing step, resulting in different properties in each stream. Most of the non-protein nitrogen compounds (including BA, TVB-N, TMA, and DMA) followed the liquid streams. However, the concentrate contributed less than 20% to the produced fishmeal quantity. Mixing of this stream into the fishmeal processing again, as currently carried out, should thus be avoided. Furthermore, the cooking, separating, and drying steps should be optimized to improve the water and lipid separation and avoid the formation of undesired nitrogen compounds to produce higher-value products intended for human consumption.
Collapse
|
24
|
Boyd CE, McNevin AA, Davis RP. The contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to the global protein supply. Food Secur 2022; 14:805-827. [PMID: 35075379 PMCID: PMC8771179 DOI: 10.1007/s12571-021-01246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of aquatic animal protein to the global, animal-source protein supply and the relative importance of aquaculture to capture fisheries in supplying this protein is relevant in assessments and decisions related to the future of aquatic food production and its security. Meat of terrestrial animals, milk, and eggs resulted in 76,966 Kt crude protein compared with 13,950 Kt or 15.3% from aquatic animals in 2018.While aquaculture produced a greater tonnage of aquatic animals, capture fisheries resulted in 7,135 Kt crude protein while aquaculture yielded 6,815 Kt. Capture fisheries production has not increased in the past two decades, and aquaculture production must increase to assure the growing demand for fisheries products by a larger and more affluent population. We estimated based on status quo consumption, that aquaculture production would need to increase from 82,087 Kt in 2018 to 129,000 Kt by 2050 to meet the demand of the greater population. About two-thirds of finfish and crustacean production by aquaculture is feed-based, and feeds for these species include fishmeal and fish oil as ingredients. Aquaculture feeds require a major portion of the global supply of fishmeal and fish oil. An estimated 71.0% of fishmeal and 73.9% of fish oil are made from the catch with the rest coming from aquatic animal processing waste. The catch of small, pelagic fish from the ocean is not predicted to increase in the future. Aquaculture should reduce its fishmeal and oil use to lessen its dependency on small wild fish important to the integrity of marine food webs and food security for the poor in many coastal areas. Fishmeal and fish oil shortages for use in aquaculture feed will result in a limit on production in the future if goals to lessen their use in feeds are not met.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claude E. Boyd
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849 USA
| | | | - Robert P. Davis
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849 USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Park CS, Adeola O. Digestibility of amino acids in fish meal and blood-derived protein sources fed to pigs. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:1418-1425. [PMID: 34991208 PMCID: PMC9449404 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective An experiment was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in fish meal (FM) and blood-derived protein sources including spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP), porcine red blood cells (PRBC), and blood meal (BM) fed to growing pigs. Methods Ten barrows (mean initial body weight of 22.1±1.54 kg) surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum were allotted to a duplicated 5×4 incomplete Latin square design with 5 experimental diets and 4 periods. Four experimental diets were prepared to contain FM, SDPP, PRBC, or BM as the sole source of nitrogen. A nitrogen-free diet was prepared and included to estimate the basal ileal endogenous losses of AA. For the 7-day experimental period, pigs were fed for 5 days as adaptation, and ileal digesta samples were collected for 9 hours on days 6 and 7. Results The SID of crude protein in BM (48.0%) was less (p<0.05) than in FM, SDPP, and PRBC (83.4%, 83.9%, and 87.3%, respectively). Pigs fed the diet containing BM had less (p<0.05) SID of AA, except isoleucine and proline, than those fed the diet containing FM, SDPP, or PRBC. Among FM, SDPP, and PRBC, there was no difference in the SID of crude protein and all AA, except isoleucine. The SID of isoleucine in PRBC and BM (62.7% and 48.3%, respectively) was less (p<0.05) than in FM and SDPP (88.0% and 84.9%, respectively). The SID of lysine in FM, SDPP, PRBC, and BM was 85.4%, 84.9%, 89.7%, and 51.9%, respectively. Conclusion The SID of most AA was not different among FM, SDPP, and PRBC, but BM had lower SID of most AA than FM, SDPP, and PRBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Sol Park
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Olayiwola Adeola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Macelline SP, Chrystal PV, Greenhalgh S, Toghyani M, Selle PH, Liu SY. Evaluation of dietary crude protein concentrations, fishmeal, and sorghum inclusions in broiler chickens offered wheat-based diet via Box-Behnken response surface design. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260285. [PMID: 34797900 PMCID: PMC8604292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of dietary crude protein (CP), fishmeal and sorghum on nutrient utilisation, digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of starch and protein, amino acid concentrations in systemic plasma and their relevance to growth performance of broiler chickens using the Box-Behnken response surface design. The design consisted of three factors at three levels including dietary CP (190, 210, 230 g/kg), fishmeal (0, 50, 100 g/kg), and sorghum (0, 150, 300 g/kg). A total of 390 male, off-sex Ross 308 chicks were offered experimental diets from 14 to 35 days post-hatch. Growth performance, nutrient utilisation, starch and protein digestibilities and plasma free amino acids were determined. Dietary CP had a negative linear impact on weight gain where the transition from 230 to 190 g/kg CP increased weight gain by 9.43% (1835 versus 2008 g/bird, P = 0.006). Moreover, dietary CP linearly depressed feed intake (r = -0.486. P < 0.001). Fishmeal inclusions had negative linear impacts on weight gain (r = -0.751, P < 0.001) and feed intake (r = -0.495, P < 0.001). There was an interaction between dietary CP and fishmeal for FCR. However, growth performance was not influenced by dietary inclusions of sorghum. Total plasma amino acid concentrations were negatively related to weight gain (r = -0.519, P < 0.0001). The dietary transition from 0 to 100 g/kg fishmeal increased total amino acid concentrations in systemic plasma by 35% (771 versus 1037 μg/mL, P < 0.001). It may be deduced that optimal weight gain (2157 g/bird), optimal feed intake (3330 g/bird) and minimal FCR (1.544) were found in birds offered 190 g/kg CP diets without fishmeal inclusion, irrespective of sorghum inclusions. Both fishmeal and sorghum inclusions did not alter protein and starch digestion rate in broiler chickens; however, moderate reductions in dietary CP could advantage broiler growth performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shemil P. Macelline
- Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter V. Chrystal
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Complete Feed Solutions, Hornsby, NSW, Australia; Howick, New Zealand
| | - Shiva Greenhalgh
- Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mehdi Toghyani
- Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter H. Selle
- Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Y. Liu
- Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ansari FA, Guldhe A, Gupta SK, Rawat I, Bux F. Improving the feasibility of aquaculture feed by using microalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43234-43257. [PMID: 34173144 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aquaculture industry is an efficient edible protein producer and grows faster than any other food sector. Therefore, it requires enormous amounts of fish feed. Fish feed directly affects the quality of produced fish, potential health benefits, and cost. Fish meal (FM), fis oil (FO), and plant-based supplements, predominantly used in fish feed, face challenges of low availability, low nutritional value, and high cost. The cost associated with aquaculture feed represents 40-75% of aquaculture production cost and one of the key market drivers for the thriving aquaculture industry. Microalgae are a primary producer in aquatic food chains. Microalgae are expanding continuously in renewable energy, pharmaceutical pigment, wastewater treatment, food, and feed industries. Major components of microalgal biomass are proteins with essential amino acids, lipids with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), carbohydrates, pigments, and other bioactive compounds. Thus, microalgae can be used as an essential, viable, and alternative feed ingredient in aquaculture feed. In recent times, live algae culture, whole algae, and lipid-extracted algae (LEA) have been tested in fish feed for growth, physiological activity, and nutritional value. The present review discusses the potential application of microalgae in aquaculture feed, its mode of application, nutritional value, and possible replacement of conventional feed ingredients, and disadvantages of plant-based feed. The review also focuses on integrated processes such as algae cultivation in aquaculture wastewater, aquaponics systems, challenges, and future prospects of using microalgae in the aquafeed industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Ahmad Ansari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Abhishek Guldhe
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Ismail Rawat
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Faizal Bux
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pahlavanzadeh M, Sadeghi AA, Mousavi SN, Chamani M. Influence of spleen meal and hydrolyzed yeast on growth performance, blood cells, antibody titres and IL-2 gene expression in broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.1941051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Pahlavanzadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Naser Mousavi
- Department of Animal Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chamani
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Premathilaka KT, Nawarathne SR, Nambapana MN, Macelline SP, Wickramasuriya SS, Ang L, Jayasena DD, Heo JM. Partial or complete replacement of fishmeal with fermented soybean meal on growth performance, fecal composition, and meat quality in broilers. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:824-839. [PMID: 33987563 PMCID: PMC7721569 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.6.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The current study was aimed to examine the effect of partial or complete
replacement of fishmeal (FM) with fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on growth
performance, fecal composition, and meat quality in broiler chickens. A total
number of 240 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted into four
dietary treatments with six replications and ten birds per one pen. Dietary
treatments were followed as; 1) Diet incorporated with 4% FM without FSBM
(Control), 2) Diet incorporated with 3% FM and 2% FSBM (FSBM2), 3) Diet
incorporated with 2% FM and 3% FSBM (FSBM3) and 4) Diet incorporated with 4%
FSBM without FM (FSBM4). Body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly for 35
days of the experimental period. Moreover, fecal samples were collected to
evaluate moisture, ash, nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus content on day 21
post-hatch. On day 35, two birds were sacrificed from each pen to measure meat
quality parameters and visceral organ weights. Results revealed that, no dietary
treatment effect (p > 0.05) was observed either in both
body weight or average daily gain of broilers within the entire experimental
period while broilers fed FSBM2 increased (p < 0.05)
average daily feed intake by 10.07% whereas FSBM4 improved (p
< 0.05) feed efficiency ratio by 8.45% compared to birds fed other
dietary treatments on day 7 post-hatch. Besides, birds fed FSBM3 obtained the
improved (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio over the birds
fed control diet by 7.51% from hatch to day 35 post-hatch (1.60 vs. 1.73).
Nevertheless, no difference (p > 0.05) was detected on
visceral organ weight, proximate composition and physicochemical characteristics
of meat while broilers offered FSBM4 obtained the lowest (p
< 0.05) calcium and phosphorous in faces (2.27% and 1.21% respectively)
over those offered control feed and other FSBM treatments. In conclusion, FSBM
would be a better replacement for ousting FM partially or completely in broiler
diet as it did not impair the growth performance and meat quality while reducing
the calcium and phosphorous excretion in broilers for 35 days post-hatch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shan Randima Nawarathne
- Department of Animal Science, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka.,Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | | | - Shemil Priyan Macelline
- Department of Animal Science, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Samiru Sudharaka Wickramasuriya
- Department of Animal Science, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka.,Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Li Ang
- New Hope Lanka, Ja-Ela 11350, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Jung Min Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Perry WB, Lindsay E, Payne CJ, Brodie C, Kazlauskaite R. The role of the gut microbiome in sustainable teleost aquaculture. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200184. [PMID: 32372688 PMCID: PMC7282919 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most diverse vertebrate group and a major component of a growing global aquaculture industry, teleosts continue to attract significant scientific attention. The growth in global aquaculture, driven by declines in wild stocks, has provided additional empirical demand, and thus opportunities, to explore teleost diversity. Among key developments is the recent growth in microbiome exploration, facilitated by advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies. Here, we consider studies on teleost gut microbiomes in the context of sustainable aquaculture, which we have discussed in four themes: diet, immunity, artificial selection and closed-loop systems. We demonstrate the influence aquaculture has had on gut microbiome research, while also providing a road map for the main deterministic forces that influence the gut microbiome, with topical applications to aquaculture. Functional significance is considered within an aquaculture context with reference to impacts on nutrition and immunity. Finally, we identify key knowledge gaps, both methodological and conceptual, and propose promising applications of gut microbiome manipulation to aquaculture, and future priorities in microbiome research. These include insect-based feeds, vaccination, mechanism of pro- and prebiotics, artificial selection on the hologenome, in-water bacteriophages in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), physiochemical properties of water and dysbiosis as a biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Bernard Perry
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Elle Lindsay
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Christopher Brodie
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK.,School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5UG, UK
| | - Raminta Kazlauskaite
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lagos LV, Stein HH. Torula yeast has greater digestibility of amino acids and phosphorus, but not energy, compared with a commercial source of fish meal fed to weanling pigs. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skz375. [PMID: 31974588 PMCID: PMC6978900 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA, concentrations of DE and ME, and the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in a source of torula yeast are not different from values obtained in Menhaden fish meal. In experiment 1, six weanling barrows (initial BW: 11.7 ± 0.4 kg) were prepared with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and allotted to a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 diets and 3 periods. In each period, there were 5 d of adaptation and 2 d of collection. Two cornstarch-based diets using the torula yeast or fish meal as the sole source of AA and a N-free diet were formulated. The SID of CP and all AA was greater (P < 0.05) in torula yeast than in fish meal. In experiment 2, 24 weanling barrows (initial BW: 14.4 ± 1.1 kg) were individually housed in metabolism crates and allotted to a corn-based diet or 2 diets based on a mixture of corn and torula yeast or corn and fish meal. Feces and urine samples were collected for 4 d following a 5-d adaptation period. There were 8 replicate pigs per diet and fecal and urine materials were collected. Results of this experiment indicated that there were no differences in the concentration of DE and ME (DM basis) between torula yeast and fish meal. In experiment 3, a total of 32 weanling barrows (initial BW: 11.9 ± 1.1 kg) were allotted to 4 diets and 8 replicate pigs per diet. Pigs were placed in individual metabolism crates. The torula yeast or fish meal were used in 2 diets containing either 0 or 500 units of microbial phytase. Feces samples were collected as described for experiment 2. The STTD of P in torula yeast was greater (P < 0.05) than in fish meal, but regardless of ingredient, there was no effect of the inclusion of phytase in the diets. In conclusion, the SID of AA and the STTD of P in torula yeast is greater than in fish meal, but values for the concentration of DE and ME in torula yeast are not different from those in fish meal. Therefore, the torula yeast that was used in the present experiments may be included at the expense of fish meal in diets fed to weanling pigs if the concentration of standardized ileal digestible AA is considered in the formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Vanessa Lagos
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Hans H Stein
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Frempong NS, Nortey TN, Paulk C, Stark CR. Evaluating the Effect of replacing fish meal in broiler diets with either Soybean meal or poultry by-product Meal on Broiler Performance and total feed cost per kilogram of gain. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
33
|
Effects of Soybean Meal Fermented by Lactobacillus Species and Clostridium butyricum on Growth Performance, Diarrhea Incidence, and Fecal Bacteria in Weaning Piglets. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2019-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fermented soybean meal (FSBM) has been widely investigated as a nutritional strategy for reducing the use of fish meal (FM) and antibiotic growth promoters. Microbial fermentation by using bacteria can increase the bioavailability of nutrients and reduce the levels of antinutritional factors in soybean meal (SBM). In this study, we evaluated whether FSBM produced from Lactobacillus species and Clostridium butyricum improves growth performance, diarrhea incidence, and fecal bacteria in weaning piglets. Eighty-four crossbred male piglets with an average initial body weight of 8.36±0.63 kg were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments consisting of 7 replicate stalls with 4 piglets each. The dietary treatments were: (1) 3% FM in the diet; (2) 5% FSBM in the diet; and (3) 3% FM in the diet plus 4 mg/kg antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). We determined that growth performance was unaffected in FSBM-fed weaning piglets compared with a FM group. Similar to the AGP group, FSBM supplementation significantly reduced diarrhea incidence in weaning piglets. The number of fecal Lactobacillus species significantly increased in 28-day-old FSBM-fed weaning piglets compared with the other groups. Compared with AGP, FSBM has the highest inhibitory effect on the number of fecal Enterobacteriaceae at 28 d old. Furthermore, serum immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A levels in FSBM-fed weaning piglets significantly increased at the same age. These results together indicate that FSBM can replace FM in the diets of weaning piglets without affecting growth performance. Furthermore, similar to AGP, FSBM could improve diarrhea incidence, fecal bacteria, and immunoglobulin levels in weaning piglets. Therefore, SBM fermented by Lactobacillus species and C. butyricum demonstrated high potential for development as swine feed ingredients.
Collapse
|
34
|
Gebreyowhans S, Lu J, Zhang S, Pang X, Lv J. Dietary enrichment of milk and dairy products with n-3 fatty acids: A review. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
35
|
Lombardi VR, Corzo L, Carrera I, Cacabelos R. The Search for Biomarine-derived Compounds with Immunomodulatory Activity. JOURNAL OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 3:30-41. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2018.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
36
|
The effect of raw material combination on the nutritional composition and stability of four types of autolyzed fish silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
37
|
Ween O, Stangeland JK, Fylling TS, Aas GH. Nutritional and functional properties of fishmeal produced from fresh by-products of cod ( Gadus morhua L.) and saithe ( Pollachius virens). Heliyon 2017; 3:e00343. [PMID: 28721399 PMCID: PMC5499105 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh by-products of whitefish such as cod and saithe is processed to fishmeal (FM) on-board seagoing Norwegian trawlers. The aim of this study was to document the properties of whitefish FM (WFM) protein with respect to, physicochemical and bioactive properties. Analysis of the proximate composition of representative seasonal WFM batches show that the production is robust without much variance. The mean protein (61.9 ± 1.2), fat (8.9 ± 1.1%), moisture (5 ± 1.2%) and ash content (22.4 ± 0.8%), reflect the use of lean and bony raw-material. The WFM has a low content of free amino acids (0.7%) and biogenic amines (< 1000 mg/kg) that confirm the high quality and freshness of the raw material. Amino-acid analysis identified the presence of all nutritionally essential amino acids. The WFM physicochemical properties was comparable to soy-bean meal (SBM) by analysis of solubility, water-holding capacity (WHC), the emulsion stability (ES). Proteolytic degradation of the WFM was used to demonstrate the presence of bioactive peptides with inhibiting activity against angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, in vitro. Taken together, WFM produced from fresh by-products is an excellent protein source with attributes of interest beyond the aquafeed-market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ola Ween
- Møreforsking Ålesund AS, PO Box 5075-6021, Ålesund, Norway
| | | | | | - Grete Hansen Aas
- Faculty for Natural Sciences and Technology, Institute of Marine and Biological Sciences, NTNU, PO Box 1517-6025, Ålesund, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gisbert E, Skalli A, Campbell J, Solovyev MM, Rodríguez C, Dias J, Polo J. Spray-dried plasma promotes growth, modulates the activity of antioxidant defenses, and enhances the immune status of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fingerlings1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:278-86. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
39
|
Ueki N, Wan J, Watabe S. The Pepsin Digestibility of Thermal Gel Products Made from White Croaker (Pennahia argentata) Muscle in Associating with Myosin Polymerization Levels. J Food Sci 2014; 79:C2427-33. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Ueki
- Fish Protein Laboratory, Research and Development Center; Suzuhiro Kamaboko Honten Co., Ltd; Odawara Kanagawa 250-0862 Japan
| | - Jianrong Wan
- Fish Protein Laboratory, Research and Development Center; Suzuhiro Kamaboko Honten Co., Ltd; Odawara Kanagawa 250-0862 Japan
| | - Shugo Watabe
- Fish Protein Laboratory, Research and Development Center; Suzuhiro Kamaboko Honten Co., Ltd; Odawara Kanagawa 250-0862 Japan
- School of Marine Biosciences; Kitasato Univ., Minami; Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li Z, You J, Luo Y, Wu J. Purification and characterization of parvalbumin isotypes from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6212-6218. [PMID: 24866418 DOI: 10.1021/jf500817f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of fish allergy is rapidly increasing because of a growing fish consumption driven mainly by a positive image of the fish and health relationship. The purpose of this study was to characterize parvalbumin isotypes from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), one of the most frequently consumed freshwater fish in China. Three parvalbumin isotypes were purified using consecutive gel filtration and reverse-phase chromatography and denoted as PVI, PVII, and PVIII. The molecular weights of the isotypes were determined to be 11.968, 11.430, and 11.512 kDa, respectively. PVI showed 74% matched amino acids sequence with PV isotype 4a from Danio rerio, while PVII and PVIII showed 46% matched amino acids sequence with PV isotypes from Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. PVII is the dominant allergen, but it was liable to gastrointestinal enzymes as PVIII; however, PVI was resistant to pepsin digestion. A further study is to characterize the epitopes of PVII, the dominant allergen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Stryker JA, Fisher R, You Q, Or-Rashid MM, Boermans HJ, Quinton M, McBride BW, Karrow NA. Effects of dietary fish meal and soybean meal on the ovine innate and acquired immune response during pregnancy and lactation. Animal 2013; 7:151-9. [PMID: 23031339 DOI: 10.1017/s175173111200136x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, livestock producers have been supplementing animal diets with fish meal (FM) to produce value-added products for health conscious consumers. As components of FM have unique neuroendocrine-immunomodulatory properties, we hypothesize that livestock producers may be influencing the overall health of their animals by supplementing diets with FM. In this study, 40 pregnant ewes were supplemented with rumen protected (RP) soybean meal (SBM: control diet) or RP FM, commencing gestation day 100 (gd100), in order to evaluate the impact of FM supplementation on the innate and acquired immune response and neuroendocrine response of sheep during pregnancy and lactation. On gd135, half the ewes from each diet (n = 10 FM, n = 10 SBM) were challenged iv with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate a systemic bacterial infection and the febrile, respiratory and neuroendocrine responses were monitored over time; the other half (n = 10 FM, n = 10 SBM) of the ewes received a saline injection as control. On lactation day 20 (ld20), all ewes (n = 20 FM, n = 20 SBM) were sensitized with hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) and the serum haptoglobin (Hp) response was measured over time. The cutaneous hypersensitivity response (CHR) to HEWL challenge was measured on ld30 (n = 20 FM, n = 20 SBM), and blood samples were collected over time to measure the primary and secondary immunoglobulin G (IgG) response to HEWL. There was an attenuated trend in the LPS-induced febrile response by the FM treatment when compared with the SBM treatment (P = 0.06), as was also true for the respiratory response (P = 0.07), but significant differences in neuroendocrine function (serum cortisol and plasma ACTH) were not observed between treatments. Basal Hp levels were significantly lower in the FM supplemented ewes when compared with the SBM supplemented ewes (P < 0.01), and the Hp response to HEWL sensitization differed significantly over time between treatments (P < 0.01). The CHR to HEWL was also significantly attenuated in the FM treatment compared with the SBM (P < 0.01); however, treatment differences in the primary and secondary IgG responses to HEWL were not observed. These results indicate that FM supplementation differentially affects the innate and acquired immune responses in pregnant and lactating sheep compared with a typical SBM diet of commercial flocks. The long-term implications of this immunomodulation warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Stryker
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|