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Dos Santos IR, Brunner CB, de Moraes JTR, Paz MC, Lamego ÉC, Henker LC, Alves RS, da Fontoura Budaszewski R, Tres GZ, Gomes RM, Freitas RS, Canal CW, Pavarini SP. Complex neural tube and skeletal malformations, resembling Chiari malformations, in two calves. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:2611-2619. [PMID: 38884867 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Two 1-day-old full-term female calves from different farms located in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul were unable to stand due to paresis of the pelvic limbs. Both calves had spina bifida on the spinal lumbar segment and were submitted to euthanasia due to poor prognosis. Postmortem examination revealed cerebellar herniation, caudal displacement of the brainstem, rostral deviation of the cranial nerves, caudal extension of occipital lobes, absence of dorsal lamina of lumbar vertebrae with exposed spinal cord, myelodysplasia, kyphosis, segmental spinal agenesis, renal fusion, muscular atrophy, and arthrogryposis. Histology highlighted myelodysplasia (syringomyelia and diplomyelia) and muscular atrophy. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions for ruminant pestivirus were negative. Based on these lesions, the diagnosis of complex neural tube and skeletal malformations was made. A review of previous publications on calves diagnosed with these malformations, originally called Chiari or Arnold-Chiari malformations, revealed a wide range of nervous system and skeletal lesions. These variations amplified the uncertainty regarding whether all cases represent the same disorder and reinforced the importance of reconfiguring the terminology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil.
| | - Carolina Buss Brunner
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
| | - José Tiago Roza de Moraes
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
| | - Milena Carolina Paz
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
| | - Éryca Ceolin Lamego
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
| | - Luan Cleber Henker
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Raquel Silva Alves
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Gabrielle Zanettini Tres
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
| | | | | | - Cláudio Wageck Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Saulo Petinatti Pavarini
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
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Jacinto JGP, Letko A, Häfliger IM, Drögemüller C, Agerholm JS. Congenital syndromic Chiari-like malformation (CSCM) in Holstein cattle: towards unravelling of possible genetic causes. Acta Vet Scand 2024; 66:29. [PMID: 38965607 PMCID: PMC11229497 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-024-00752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chiari malformation type II (CMII) was originally reported in humans as a rare disorder characterized by the downward herniation of the hindbrain and towering cerebellum. The congenital brain malformation is usually accompanied by spina bifida, a congenital spinal anomaly resulting from incomplete closure of the dorsal aspect of the spinal neural tube, and occasionally by other lesions. A similar disorder has been reported in several animal species, including cattle, particularly as a congenital syndrome. A cause of congenital syndromic Chiari-like malformation (CSCM) in cattle has not been reported to date. We collected a series of 14 CSCM-affected Holstein calves (13 purebred, one Red Danish Dairy F1 cross) and performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS). WGS was performed on 33 cattle, including eight cases with parents (trio-based; group 1), three cases with one parent (group 2), and three single cases (solo-based; group 3). RESULTS Sequencing-based genome-wide association study of the 13 Holstein calves with CSCM and 166 controls revealed no significantly associated genome region. Assuming a single Holstein breed-specific recessive allele, no region of shared homozygosity was detected suggesting heterogeneity. Subsequent filtering for protein-changing variants that were only homozygous in the genomes of the individual cases allowed the identification of two missense variants affecting different genes, SHC4 in case 4 in group 1 and WDR45B in case 13 in group 3. Furthermore, these two variants were only observed in Holstein cattle when querying WGS data of > 5,100 animals. Alternatively, potential de novo mutational events were assessed in each case. Filtering for heterozygous private protein-changing variants identified one DYNC1H1 frameshift variant as a candidate causal dominant acting allele in case 12 in group 3. Finally, the presence of larger structural DNA variants and chromosomal abnormalities was investigated in all cases. Depth of coverage analysis revealed two different partial monosomies of chromosome 2 segments in cases 1 and 7 in group 1 and a trisomy of chromosome 12 in the WDR45B homozygous case 13 in group 3. CONCLUSIONS This study presents for the first time a detailed genomic evaluation of CSCM in Holstein cattle and suggests an unexpected genetic and allelic heterogeneity considering the mode of inheritance, as well as the type of variant. For the first time, we propose candidate causal variants that may explain bovine CSCM in a certain proportion of affected calves. We present cattle as a large animal model for human CMII and propose new genes and genomic variants as possible causes for related diseases in both animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Goncalves Pontes Jacinto
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Anna Letko
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Irene Monika Häfliger
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, Bern, 3012, Switzerland.
| | - Jørgen Steen Agerholm
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 5A, Taastrup, 2630, Denmark
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SATO S, KAKIZAKI T, KONDO K, KANNO C, MAEDA Y, ANDO R, PARK CH, KAWAGUCHI H, TAKAHASHI F. Arnold Chiari malformation classified as Chiari 1.5 malformation in a Japanese black calf. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:546-550. [PMID: 37019664 PMCID: PMC10209467 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A 2-day-old male black calf presented with neurological symptoms, including opisthotonus. It was unable to stand due to hindquarter paresis. At 5 days old, the calf was able to stand, but exhibited a crossed forelimb gait. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed the expansion of the sutures between the squamous-lateral part of the occipital bone and between the occipital-temporal bone, cerebellar tonsillar herniation, posterior displacement of the brainstem, and cervical syringomyelia at 12 days old. This is the first case report of a live calf diagnosed with Arnold Chiari malformation classified as Chiari type 1.5 malformation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo SATO
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | | | - Kao KONDO
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Chihiro KANNO
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yosuke MAEDA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ryo ANDO
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Chun-Ho PARK
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
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Toma H, Barreto J, Amude A, Toma C, Santos J, Schneider L, Néspoli P, Pertile S, Cunha Filho L. Clinical, tomographic, and postmortem aspects of a rare congenital Dicephalus Monauchenos Iniodymus in a Nelore calf produced in vitro from Brazil - case report. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to report the occurrence of dicephalus iniodymus monauchenos in a Nellore newborn. A three-days old calf, from in vitro production, with duplication of the head and a history of cesarean birth was attended. On physical examination, the dicephalus, iniodymus and monauchenos, which were almost the same size and shape, had four eyes and four ears. Computed tomography showed the presence of two skulls fused with a common occipital foramen, two nasopharynxes, oropharynxes with the presence of a cleft lip and a cleft palate in the right head, which continued in a single esophagus and a single trachea. At necropsy, the presence of duplication of the cerebrum and cerebellum was observed, with union of the parts in the region of the trapezoid body of the brainstem and continued as a single spinal cord. This study characterizes the clinical, tomographic, and necropsy findings of a dicephalus Nelore neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.S. Toma
- Universidade de Cuiabá, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brazil
| | - J.V.P. Barreto
- Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Brasil; Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil
| | - A.M. Amude
- Universidade de Cuiabá, Brazil; Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Brasil
| | - C.D.M. Toma
- Universidade de Cuiabá, Brazil; Centro Universitário de Lavras, Brazil
| | | | - L.O. Schneider
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Uruguai
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Toma H, Barreto J, Amude A, Toma C, Carvalho A, Cabral L, Munhoz T, Pertile S, Cunha Filho L. First occurrence of Arnold Chiari type II malformation and associated abnormalities in a Gir calf produced in vitro from Brazil - case report. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study characterized the clinical, radiological, ultrasound, and necroscopic findings of a case of Arnold-Chiari type II malformation in a Gir breed calf from Brazil. The animal was hospitalized at sixty days of age, in permanent sternal recumbency, cutaneous appendix at the 4th lumbar vertebra and kyphoscoliosis of the caudal and lumbosacral thoracic spine. Radiographic examination of the spine and skull revealed spina bifida and suspected occipital hypoplasia. Upon examination of myelography with an injection of lumbar and atlantooccipital contrast, it was possible to visualize the meningocele at the 4th lumbar vertebra region and findings at the rhombencephalon level of increased regional pressure with failure to fill the contrast in the posterior fossa, in the presence of clear demarcation of the circumvolutions of the cerebral cortex and the subarachnoid space of the cervical spinal cord. Ultrasonographic examination of the cerebellum showed an insinuation of the cerebellar worm through the foramen magnum. The animal did not show changes in complete blood count, biochemical series, and cerebrospinal fluid and was negative for Pestivirus. There was a worsening of the clinical conditions and the animal died. This malformation of unknown etiology must be studied as a differential diagnosis of the nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.S. Toma
- Universidade de Cuiabá, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brazil
| | - J.V.P. Barreto
- Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil
| | - A.M. Amude
- Universidade de Cuiabá, Brazil; Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Brazil
| | - C.D.M. Toma
- Universidade de Cuiabá, Brazil; Centro Universitário de Lavras, Brazil
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Zarzycki A, Thomas ZM, Mazrier H. Comparison of inherited neural tube defects in companion animals and livestock. Birth Defects Res 2020; 113:319-348. [PMID: 33615733 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are congenital malformations resulting from the improper or incomplete closure of the neural tube during embryonic development. A number of similar malformations of the protective coverings surrounding the central nervous system are also often included under this umbrella term, which may not strictly fit this definition. A range of NTD phenotypes exist and have been reported in humans and a wide range of domestic and livestock species. In the veterinary literature, these include cases of anencephaly, encephalocele, dermoid sinus, spina bifida, and craniorachischisis. While environmental factors have a role, genetic predisposition may account for a significant part of the risk of NTDs in these animal cases. Studies of laboratory model species (fish, birds, amphibians, and rodents) have been instrumental in improving our understanding of the neurulation process. In mice, over 200 genes that may be involved in this process have been identified and variant phenotypes investigated. Like laboratory mouse models, domestic animals and livestock species display a wide range of NTD phenotypes. They remain, however, a largely underutilized population and could complement already established laboratory models. Here we review reports of NTDs in companion animals and livestock, and compare these to other animal species and human cases. We aim to highlight the potential of nonlaboratory animal models for mutation discovery as well as general insights into the mechanisms of neurulation and the development of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zarzycki
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zoe M Thomas
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hamutal Mazrier
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Górriz-Martín L, Neßler J, Voelker I, Reinartz S, Tipold A, Distl O, Beineke A, Rehage J, Heppelmann M. Split spinal cord malformations in 4 Holstein Friesian calves. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:307. [PMID: 31455313 PMCID: PMC6712784 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The split spinal cord malformation (SSCM) is an uncommon congenital malformation of the vertebral canal in which parts of the spinal cord are longitudinally duplicated. In SSCM Type I, each spinal cord has its own dura tube. In the SSCM Type II, both parts of the spinal cord are surrounded by a common dura tube. Cases presentation During the clinical examination one calf showed ambulatory paresis and 3 calves non-ambulatory paraparesis. Calf 4 additionally had a congenital tremor. The examination of calf 4 using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a median hydrosyringomyelia at the level of the 4th lumbar vertebra. The caudal part of this liquid-filled cavity was split longitudinally through a thin septum. From there, the spinal cord structures duplicated with an incomplete division, so that the transverse section of the spinal cord appeared peanut-shaped and in each half a central canal could be observed. The pathological-anatomical examination after euthanasia showed a duplication of the spinal cord in the area of the lumbar vertebral column in all calves. The histopathological examination revealed two central lumbar vertebral column channels. The two spinal cord duplicates were each surrounded by two separate meninges in calf 2 (SSCM type I); in the other calves (1, 3, 4, and) the two central canals and the spinal cord were covered by a common meninx (SSCM type II). A pedigree analysis of calves 2, 3 and 4 showed a degree of relationship suggestive of a hereditary component. This supports the hypothesis of a possible recessive inheritance due to common ancestors, leading to partial genetic homozygosity. Conclusions The clinical appearance of SSCM can vary widely. In calves with congenital paralysis SSCM should always be considered as a differential diagnosis. A reliable diagnosis intra vitam is possible only with laborious imaging procedures such as MRI. Further studies on the heritability of this malformation are necessary to confirm a genetic cause of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Górriz-Martín
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
| | - Jasmin Neßler
- Department Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Iris Voelker
- Institute for Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Sina Reinartz
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Andrea Tipold
- Department Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ottmar Distl
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Institute for Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Juergen Rehage
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Maike Heppelmann
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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Lempe A, Heine M, Bosch B, Mueller K, Brehm W. Imaging diagnosis and clinical presentation of a Chiari malformation in a Thoroughbred foal. EQUINE VET EDUC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2011.00359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Biasibetti E, D’Angelo A, Bellino C, Gay L, Gianella P, Capucchio MT. Diprosopia/Dicephalia in Calves in Northern Italy: Clinical and Aetio-Pathological Features. Anat Histol Embryol 2011; 40:433-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2011.01093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zani DD, De Zani D, Morandi N, Biggi M, Belloli AG, Riccaboni P, Rondena M, Di Giancamillo M, Pravettoni D. Imaging diagnosis--split cord malformation. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010; 51:57-60. [PMID: 20166395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The features of a calf with a split cord malformation are described. Clinically, there was severe cervicothoracic kyphoscoliosis and an interscapular dermal sinus associated with cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Using magnetic resonance imaging, complete duplication of the spinal cord at the cervical intumescence was detected. There was associated syringohydromyelia, multiple cervicothoracic vertebral malformations resulting in kyphoscoliosis and rachischisis, herniation of the cerebellar vermis, meningoencephalocele, and calvarial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide D Zani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Veterinarie, Sezione di Radiologia Veterinaria Clinica e Sperimentale, Ospedale Veterinario Grandi Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi 26900, Italy
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TESTONI STEFANIA, DALLA PRIA ANGELA, GENTILE ARCANGELO. IMAGING DIAGNOSIS-CEREBELLAR DISPLACEMENT AND SPINA BIFIDA IN A CALF. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010; 51:162-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Kaçar C, Ozcan K, Takçi I, Gürbulak K, Ozen H, Karaman M. Diprosopus, craniorachischisis, arthrogryposis, and other associated anomalies in a stillborn lamb. J Vet Sci 2009; 9:429-31. [PMID: 19052501 PMCID: PMC2811787 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2008.9.4.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital malformations with multiple anomalies have been described infrequently in the veterinary literature. A stillborn male crossbred lamb with diprosopus, craniorachischisis, and arthrogryposis was examined macroscopically and histopathologically in this study. The left head was smaller than the right head. Micrencephaly, agnathia, and a rudimentary tongue, which was adherent to the palate, were present in the left head. Micrencephaly, brachygnathia superior, and cleft palate were present in the right head. Cerebellar agenesis and spinal cord hypoplasia were observed. The cerebrums and the spinal cord were covered with a tapering membranous structure. Neural and dermal tissues were noted to intervene upon microscopic examination of this structure. Disorganization of neurons was observed in both cerebrums, though it was more severe in the left one. This case demonstrates many congenital defects occurring together in a lamb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Kaçar
- Department of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars 36100, Turkey
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Abstract
A case of dicephalus was reported in a black-coat female goat kid which survived for 18 h. The head was joined at the level with the axis. The trunk was single and the kid stood on four legs. The goat had duplication of the oesophagus, the heart, the lungs, the spleen and the liver. The associated defects were in the form of polycystic kidneys, unilateral atlanto-occipital fusion and pervious urachus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Ramadan
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
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Madarame H, Takai S, Ito N. Two-headed, two-necked conjoined twin calf with Arnold-Chiari malformation in a Japanese shorthorn calf. Anat Histol Embryol 1994; 23:275-80. [PMID: 7864401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.1994.tb00476.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A dicephalic Arnold-Chiari malformation (ACM) case revealed asymmetrical cranial bone abnormalities: the right cranium had the typical findings associated with bovine monocephalic ACM cases, whereas the left cranium had malformation that has not yet been described in previous bovine ACM cases. The only common finding in each cranium was a relative smallness of the cranium as the encasement of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Madarame
- Kitasato University, School of Veterinary Sciences, Aomori, Japan
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