1
|
Lecerf P, Dangoisse C, Van Ooteghem A, Vujovic A, Vollono L, Richert B. Asymptomatic Scalp Carriage among Household Contacts of Children Affected by Tinea Capitis: A Prospective Study in the Metropolitan Area of Brussels, Belgium. Skin Appendage Disord 2021; 8:200-205. [PMID: 35707285 PMCID: PMC9149463 DOI: 10.1159/000520107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Tinea capitis (TC) is a superficial fungal infection affecting the scalp. The existence of asymptomatic carriers (ACs) could represent a potential reservoir responsible of (re)contamination and failure of treatment. No prospective studies on ACs in household contacts of TC patients in Europe have been published to date. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ACs in a cohort of household contacts of children who were diagnosed with TC in the metropolitan area of Bruxelles, Belgium. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This prospective observational study was conducted from October 2015 to April 2016 at the Dermatology Department of the University Hospitals Brugmann, Saint-Pierre, Queen Fabiola Children Hospital. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Ninety-nine cases of TC from 95 different family circles were included. The main infectious agent identified was <i>Microsporum audouinii</i> in 53 cases. The mean age of TC patients was 5.8 years. Male/female ratio was 2.8. Eighty-one household contacts of TC patients were enrolled in the study. Two cases of ACs (5%) were identified. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> <i>M. audouinii</i> was the most common pathogen identified. The prevalence of ACs we report is on average higher compared to other European large cities. Larger prospective studies including all close contacts of affected patients are required in order to establish guidelines regarding identification and management of ACs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Lecerf
- Dermatology Department, University Hospitals Brugmann, Saint-Pierre and Queen Fabiola Children's Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- *Pauline Lecerf,
| | - Chantal Dangoisse
- Dermatology Department, University Hospitals Brugmann, Saint-Pierre and Queen Fabiola Children's Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aude Van Ooteghem
- Dermatology Department, University Hospitals Brugmann, Saint-Pierre and Queen Fabiola Children's Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anja Vujovic
- Dermatology Department, University Hospitals Brugmann, Saint-Pierre and Queen Fabiola Children's Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Vollono
- Dermatology Unity, Department of “Medicina Dei Sistemi”, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Bertrand Richert
- Dermatology Department, University Hospitals Brugmann, Saint-Pierre and Queen Fabiola Children's Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salami B, Fernandez-Sanchez H, Fouche C, Evans C, Sibeko L, Tulli M, Bulaong A, Kwankye SO, Ani-Amponsah M, Okeke-Ihejirika P, Gommaa H, Agbemenu K, Ndikom CM, Richter S. A Scoping Review of the Health of African Immigrant and Refugee Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073514. [PMID: 33800663 PMCID: PMC8038070 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Migration is a growing phenomenon around the world, including within the African continent. Many migrants, especially African children, face challenges related to health and social inclusion and can face increased health risks. A systematic scoping review of available literature on the health of African migrant children across the globe was conducted to offer insight into these health risks. The review was conducted over a 15-month period from January 2019 to April 2020, yielding 6602 articles once duplicates were removed. This search included electronic databases, reference lists of articles reviewed, and searches of libraries of relevant organisations. A total of 187 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 159 were quantitative, 22 were qualitative, and 6 used mixed methods. The findings reveal decreased health in this population in areas of nutrition, infectious diseases, mental health, birth outcomes, sexual and reproductive health, physical and developmental health, parasitic infections, oral health, respiratory health, preventative health, endocrine disorders, health care services, and haematological conditions. The findings offer insights into factors influencing the health of African immigrant and refugee children. Further studies, especially qualitative studies, are needed to determine barriers to service access after migration and to investigate other underexplored and overlooked health concerns of African migrant children, including pneumonia and child maltreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bukola Salami
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 0Z7, Canada; (H.F.-S.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Higinio Fernandez-Sanchez
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 0Z7, Canada; (H.F.-S.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Christa Fouche
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Catrin Evans
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Lindiwe Sibeko
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 204 Chenoweth Laboratory, Amherst, MA 01003-9282, USA;
| | - Mia Tulli
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 0Z7, Canada; (H.F.-S.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Ashley Bulaong
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 0Z7, Canada; (H.F.-S.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Stephen Owusu Kwankye
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 96, Legon, Accra GA184, Ghana;
| | - Mary Ani-Amponsah
- School of Nursing, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Accra GA184, Ghana;
| | | | - Hayat Gommaa
- Department of Nursing Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Sokoto Road, PMB 06, Zaria 810107, Nigeria;
| | - Kafuli Agbemenu
- School of Nursing, The State University of New York (SUNY), University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA;
| | | | - Solina Richter
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 0Z7, Canada; (H.F.-S.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gamage H, Sivanesan P, Hipler UC, Elsner P, Wiegand C. Superficial fungal infections in the department of dermatology, University Hospital Jena: A 7-year retrospective study on 4556 samples from 2007 to 2013. Mycoses 2020; 63:558-565. [PMID: 32187409 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Superficial fungal infections are often seen in day-to-day clinical practice, and their prevalence continues to rise worldwide. Over the years, a change in the pattern of dermatophytoses has been noted. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the epidemiologic profile of dermatophytes at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, from 2007 to 2013. METHODS The retrospective study was carried out with a total of 4556 samples collected from 3607 patients suspected of superficial fungal infections during the 7-year study period. RESULTS Among the 3607 suspected patients, 1951 (54.09%) were men and 1656 (45.91%) were women. Of 4556 samples, 703 (15.43%) samples were positive for fungal culture, which included 585 (83.21%) dermatophytes and 118 (16.79%) non-dermatophytes. Trichophyton (T.) rubrum was the most common isolated pathogen in 73.33% of the dermatophyte cases. Among dermatophyte-infected patients, men were most likely to be affected (63.48%) as well as those of higher age (61 to 80). The most commonly affected areas were nails (33.16%) and feet (33%). T rubrum was recurrently isolated in several regions with exception of the scalp where M canis (58.33%) was the most frequently isolated pathogen. About 16.04% of cases had a history of treatment taken prior to sampling. The majority of the affected individuals did not have any prior animal contact (77.26%). T benhamiae was exclusively associated with contact to guinea pigs. CONCLUSION Trichophyton rubrum was the most frequently isolated pathogen in several regions except the scalp. New dermatophyte species emerged with time especially T benhamiae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasanga Gamage
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Elsner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wiegand
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Epidemiology of dermatophytic infections between 2008 and 2017 in Barcelona, Spain. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2019; 37:642-647. [PMID: 31076176 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological profile of dermatophytoses from 2008 to 2017 in the area of "Barcelonès Nord", located in north-eastern Spain. METHODS From 2008 to 2017, 13,419 specimens obtained from patients with suspected superficial mycosis were subjected to direct microscopy and culture. Clinical and sociodemographic data were recorded. Proportions were compared using Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. A logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS Trichophyton rubrum was the most frequently isolated fungus (76.1%), followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes/Trichophyton interdigitale (11.9%) and Microsporum canis (2.9%). Among the population over 15 years of age, tinea unguium pedum (40.4%) and tinea corporis (29.1%) were the predominant dermatophyte infections. Tinea capitis was mostly prevalent (53.6%) among patients up to 15 years of age, followed by tinea corporis (21.4%). We observed an increase in non-endemic anthropophilic dermatophytes (Trichophyton soudanense, Microsporum audouinii and Trichophyton violaceum) in the last few years. These species were associated with the population up to 15 years of age (p<0.001), having tinea capitis (p=0.0017) and being of African/Hindustani origin (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the spread of T. rubrum as the predominant dermatophyte in our area and reported an increase in non-endemic anthropophilic dermatophytes in the last few years, especially in the African and Hindustani population up to 15 years of age.
Collapse
|
5
|
Nweze EI, Eke IE. Dermatophytes and dermatophytosis in the eastern and southern parts of Africa. Med Mycol 2018; 56:13-28. [PMID: 28419352 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytosis is currently a disease of global importance and a public health burden. It is caused by dermatophytes, which attack and grow on dead animal keratin. Dermatophytes belong to three genera, namely, Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton. The predominant clinical forms and causative agents vary from one region of the world to another. Poor socioeconomic status, high population densities, and poor sanitary conditions are some of the factors responsible for the high prevalence of dermatophytosis in many developing countries, which include countries in southern and eastern Africa, the focus of this review. To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no review article on published findings on dermatophytosis in the eastern and southern parts of Africa. This information will be of interest to the medical and research community since the world has become a global village. This review covers published research findings in eastern and southern regions of Africa until this date. The countries covered in the current review include Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania, South Africa, Mozambique, Madagascar, Malawi, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Botswana. T. violaceum is the most common human etiological agent in all the countries under review with prevalence ranging from 56.7% to 95%, except for Madagascar (M. langeronii, reclassified as M. audouinii), Uganda (M. gypseum) and Malawi (M. audouinii). Tinea capitis was the most clinical type, followed by tinea corporis. Etiological agents of animal dermatophytoses were variable in the countries where they were reported. Major risk factors for dermatophytoses are age, climatic, and socioeconomic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E I Nweze
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - I E Eke
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nenoff P, Krüger C, Schulze I, Koch D, Rahmig N, Hipler UC, Uhrlaß S. Tinea capitis und Onychomykose durch Trichophyton soudanense. Hautarzt 2018; 69:737-750. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-018-4155-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
7
|
Ziegler W, Lempert S, Goebeler M, Kolb-Mäurer A. Tinea capitis: Erregerspektrum und Epidemiologie im zeitlichen Wandel. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2016; 14:818-26. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12885_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Ziegler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie; Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - Sigrid Lempert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie; Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - Matthias Goebeler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie; Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - Annette Kolb-Mäurer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie; Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ziegler W, Lempert S, Goebeler M, Kolb-Mäurer A. Tinea capitis: temporal shift in pathogens and epidemiology. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2016; 14:818-25. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Ziegler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology; University Hospital Würzburg; Germany
| | - Sigrid Lempert
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology; University Hospital Würzburg; Germany
| | - Matthias Goebeler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology; University Hospital Würzburg; Germany
| | - Annette Kolb-Mäurer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology; University Hospital Würzburg; Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dessinioti C, Papadogeorgaki E, Athanasopoulou V, Antoniou C, Stratigos AJ. Screening for asymptomatic scalp carriage in household contacts of patients with tinea capitis during 1997-2011: a retrospective hospital-based study. Mycoses 2014; 57:366-70. [PMID: 24372570 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For anthropophilic tinea capitis (TC), household spread and asymptomatic scalp carriage (ASC) is considered an important route of transmission and incomplete clearance. To investigate ASC in household contacts of patients diagnosed with TC in a tertiary hospital in Athens, Greece, we retrospectively reviewed the medical files of household contacts that were screened for ASC from 1997 to 2011. Only 34 household contacts of 15 index cases agreed to come for screening. Thirty-three (97%) household contacts were asymptomatic scalp carriers. The most commonly isolated species was Trichophyton violaceum (59%). There was a statistically significant association of ASC with the isolated dermatophyte species (T. violaceum, P-value: 0.029), and with the age of younger than 16 years old (P-value: 0.005), while there was no association with gender (P-value: 0.672). A small number of household contacts accepted to proceed for screening. ASC was found in nearly all screened household contacts and was associated with T. violaceum and younger age. The low number of household contacts that accepted screening may reflect the ignorance of the general population about the possibility of ASC among household contacts in case of a patient with TC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clio Dessinioti
- 1st Department of Dermatology, University of Athens, Andreas Syggros Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Molina de Diego A. Aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos de las dermatofitosis. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2011; 29 Suppl 3:33-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s0213-005x(11)70025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
12
|
Arenas R, Torres E, Amaya M, Rivera E, Espinal A, Polanco M, Fernández R, Isa-Isa R. Tinea capitis. Emergencia de Microsporum audouinii y Trichophyton tonsurans en la República Dominicana. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
13
|
Santos PE, Córdoba S, Rodero LL, Carrillo-Muñoz AJ, Lopardo HA. Tinea capitis. Experiencia de 2 años en un hospital de pediatría de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Rev Iberoam Micol 2010; 27:104-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
14
|
Arenas R, Torres E, Amaya M, Rivera E, Espinal A, Polanco M, Fernández R, Isa-Isa R. Emergence of Microsporum audouinii and Trichophyton tonsurans as Causative Organisms of Tinea Capitis in the Dominican Republic. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1578-2190(10)70643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
15
|
Pérez-González M, Torres-Rodríguez JM, Martínez-Roig A, Segura S, Griera G, Triviño L, Pasarín M. Prevalence of tinea pedis, tinea unguium of toenails and tinea capitis in school children from Barcelona. Rev Iberoam Micol 2009; 26:228-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
16
|
Survey of Scalp Dermatophyte Carriage in a Day Care Center in Turkey. Mycopathologia 2008; 167:139-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-008-9170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
17
|
Elewski BE, Cáceres HW, DeLeon L, El Shimy S, Hunter JA, Korotkiy N, Rachesky IJ, Sanchez-Bal V, Todd G, Wraith L, Cai B, Tavakkol A, Bakshi R, Nyirady J, Friedlander SF. Terbinafine hydrochloride oral granules versus oral griseofulvin suspension in children with tinea capitis: Results of two randomized, investigator-blinded, multicenter, international, controlled trials∗. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 59:41-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2007] [Revised: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
18
|
Updates on the Epidemiology of Dermatophyte Infections. Mycopathologia 2008; 166:335-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-008-9100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
19
|
Akbaba M, Ilkit M, Sutoluk Z, Ates A, Zorba H. Comparison of hairbrush, toothbrush and cotton swab methods for diagnosing asymptomatic dermatophyte scalp carriage. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008; 22:356-62. [PMID: 18269603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinea capitis may also present as a minimal infection, termed carrier state. Anthropophilic dermatophytes (i.e. Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton violaceum) have been generally associated with high rates of asymptomatic carriage. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the hairbrush, toothbrush and cotton swab methods for diagnosing scalp carriage as well as to determine the prevalence and related dermatophyte species for both asymptomatic and symptomatic tinea capitis in Adana Province, Turkey. PATIENTS AND METHODS A screening study was carried out between February 2006 and May 2006, covering three schools and a total of 1560 children with 857 (54.9%) boys and 703 (45.1%) girls, aged between 7 and 17 years (10.6 +/- 2.3 years). The diagnosis was made by using three of the methods mentioned above with inoculation onto Sabouraud glucose agar. RESULTS Symptomatic tinea capitis was not detected in the study; however, 21 (1.3%) asymptomatic carriers, with 9 (42.9%) boys and 12 (57.1%) girls, aged 7 to 13 years (9.7 +/- 1.9 years) were detected. The diagnosis was made via hairbrush in 13, via cotton swab in 4 and via toothbrush in 4. The mean age (P = 0.075) and gender differences were found to be statistically insignificant (P = 0.26). The most common isolated species was Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes (90.4%) followed by Trichophyton audouinii (4.8%) and Microsporum gypseum (4.8%). Nine children had Arab origin (P = 0.005), and 12 had immigrated from the south-eastern region of Anatolia, Turkey. The screening of 32 households of 21 children with asymptomatic carriage enabled the researchers to detect the carrier state in three mothers and one sister, resulting in a total of four households (12.5%), with T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes isolated, by hairbrush method in three cases and cotton swab in one case. If the methods were to be used alone, the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage would be found as 1.0% (16 of 1592) in the hairbrush, 0.3% (4 of 1592) in the toothbrush and 0.3% (5 of 1592) in the cotton swab methods; whereas the combined use of these three methods could reveal a total prevalence of 1.6% (25 of 1592). The hairbrush method was significantly found to be more effective in detecting dermatophyte fungi than the toothbrush (P < 0.01) and the cotton swab methods (P < 0.05). There was also a statistically significant difference between the use of a single method and the combination of all other three methods (P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS In summary, it was found that the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage did not cover symptomatic tinea capitis prevalence (1.6% vs. 0%), and the dominant species was zoophilic T. mentagrophytes (92%, 23 of 25). Asymptomatic carriage was not found to be related to age, gender and the coexistence of other dermatophytoses; however, race (Arab origin) was found to be the only risk factor. For laboratory diagnosis, no method was found to be nominated as a gold standard; hence, a combined use of diagnosing methods was suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Akbaba
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Asymptomatic dermatophyte scalp carriage: laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology and management. Mycopathologia 2007; 165:61-71. [PMID: 18034369 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-007-9081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Asymptomatic carrier is defined as an individual who has dermatophyte-positive scalp culture without signs or symptoms of tinea capitis. The prevalence of asymptomatic carriage differs from region to region with a rate of 0.1-49%. Anthropophilic dermatophytes, Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton violaceum, have been generally associated with high rates of asymptomatic carriage. Hence, the presence of dermatophytes on healthy scalp hairs of children may be a potential source of infection for schoolmates, playmates and/or households. Although it was also reported in adults, most carriage has been observed in children especially among those between 4 and 8 years of age, while male to female ratios vary between studies. It is still unclear, whether carriers should be treated with topical antifungal shampoos or oral antifungals or both, as some studies indicate that some untreated cases become culture-negative after 2-12 months. This review provides details on related dermatophyte fungi, laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology, ways of spreading as well as treatment and follow-up results of asymptomatic carriage. An integration into the school health programs is proposed, which will render the possible dealing of the subject in a comprehensive and reasonable manner.
Collapse
|
21
|
Dinkela A, Ferié J, Mbata M, Schmid-Grendelmeier M, Hatz C. Efficacy of triclosan soap against superficial dermatomycoses: a double-blind clinical trial in 224 primary school-children in Kilombero District, Morogoro Region, Tanzania. Int J Dermatol 2007; 46 Suppl 2:23-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2007.03208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
Ilkit M, Demirhindi H, Yetgin M, Ates A, Turaç-Biçer A, Yula E. Asymptomatic dermatophyte scalp carriage in school children in Adana, Turkey. Mycoses 2007; 50:130-4. [PMID: 17305777 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2006.01335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic dermatophyte scalp carriage and symptomatic tinea capitis in Adana Province, Cukurova region, Turkey. For this purpose, a screening study was performed in five schools, between January 2004 and May 2005, covering a total of 5143 children with 2740 (53.3%) boys and 2403 (46.7%) girls, aged 7-14 years (9.6 +/- 2.0). The diagnosis was made using the cotton swab method with inoculation onto Sabouraud glucose agar amended with cycloheximide, chloramphenicol and gentamicin. Among 10 (0.2%) cases, six asymptomatic carriers (mean age 10.7 +/- 2.3) and four symptomatic cases (mean age 8.3 +/- 0.5) were detected, all of whom were boys and had immigrated from the south-eastern and eastern region of Anatolia, Turkey. The mean age differences were found to be statistically significant (Mann-Whitney U=3.000, P=0.046). Boys were found to be more prone to asymptomatic carriage (P=0.033), but not tinea capitis (P>0.05). Zoophilic dermatophytes, namely Microsporum canis (40%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes (40%) were the most commonly isolated species, followed by anthropophilic Trichophyton tonsurans (10%), while no causative agent was detected in a case (10%) with tinea capitis superficialis. Scalp cultures were found to be dermatophyte-negative after 3- to 8-month follow-up in cases with asymptomatic carriage. As a conclusion, the prevalence of asymptomatic carrier state was similar with the prevalence of symptomatic cases, and we found a predominance of zoophilic species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Macit Ilkit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Panasiti V, Devirgiliis V, Borroni RG, Mancini M, Curzio M, Rossi M, Bottoni U, Calvieri S. Epidemiology of dermatophytic infections in Rome, Italy: a retrospective study from 2002 to 2004. Med Mycol 2007; 45:57-60. [PMID: 17325945 DOI: 10.1080/13693780601028683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we determined the incidence of dermatophyte species causing superficial mycoses among outpatients referred to the Department of Dermatology of the "La Sapienza" University of Rome between 2002 and 2004. Of the 3160 subjects studied, 1275 (40.3%) were positive for fungal infection, but only 252 (19.7%) of these had infections caused by dermatophytes. The dermatophyte most frequently isolated was Microsporum canis. Our epidemiological data were compared with those obtained previously by other authors in the same geographic area. For the first time we described an inversion of the T. rubrum/T. mentagrophytes ratio, the latter being more frequently encountered. We also observed the emergence of M. audouinii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Panasiti
- Department of Dermatology, University La Sapienza, Viale Del Policlinico, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Möhrenschlager M, Bruckbauer H, Seidl HP, Ring J, Hofmann H. Prevalence of asymptomatic carriers and cases of tinea capitis in five to six-year-old preschool children from Augsburg, Germany: results from the MIRIAM study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005; 24:749-50. [PMID: 16094242 DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000172909.73601.dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
25
|
Triviño-Duran L, Torres-Rodriguez JM, Martinez-Roig A, Cortina C, Belver V, Perez-Gonzalez M, Jansa JM. Prevalence of tinea capitis and tinea pedis in Barcelona schoolchildren. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005; 24:137-41. [PMID: 15702042 DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000151044.21529.3b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although dermatophytoses can appear at any age, some types are particularly prevalent in children. There are no prior data on the prevalence of tinea capitis and tinea pedis in Barcelona, Spain. To identify the prevalence of tinea in school children in the area with the highest immigrant population in this city, a cross-sectional study was performed. A second objective was to identify the etiologic agent to study the possibility of the introduction of foreign dermatophyte species and to evaluate the possibility of encountering healthy hosts. METHODS From October 2002 until June 2003, we evaluated 1305 schoolchildren, ages 3-15 years, belonging to 21 schools located in the inner city of Barcelona to determine the prevalence of tinea capitis and pedis in school children. Cultures of scalp and feet were done in each child. RESULTS 36(2.8%) children had tinea pedis and 3 (0.23%) had tinea capitis. One child had tinea capitis and tinea pedis, caused by different species (t. capitis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes and tinea pedis caused by Trichophyton rubrum). Of the 39 positive cases for dermatophytes, the etiologic agent in 18 (46.1%) was T. mentagrophytes, 17 (43.5%) T. rubrum, 2 (5.5%) Epidermophyton floccosum and 2 (5.5%) Trichophyton tonsurans. Of these 39 cases of tinea, 15 (38.5%) were Spanish natives and 22 (56.4%) were immigrants. CONCLUSION The prevalence of tinea capitis was lower that we had expected, and it was noted that there was a greater prevalence of tinea pedis among schoolchildren 13-15 years of age (64.10%), the great majority of them male. The number of cases of tinea was significantly greater in immigrants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Triviño-Duran
- Experimental and Clinical Mycology Research Unit, IMIM/IMAS, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Aste N, Pinna AL, Pau M, Biggio P. Kerion Celsi in a newborn due to Microsporum canis. Fallbericht. Durch Microsporum canis verursachtes Kerion Celsi bei einem Neugeborenen. Mycoses 2004; 47:236-7. [PMID: 15189191 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2004.00967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study deals with a case of a 40-day-old girl with kerion Celsi caused by Microsporum canis. The source of the infection were the parents who presented tinea corporis caused by M. canis. Systemic treatment was carried out with terbinafine and complete recovery was achieved. Tinea capitis is unusual in children during their first year of life and its evolution towards kerion is very rare in newborns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Aste
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Romano C, Miracco C, Faggi E, Cuccia A, Pini G. An unusual case of tinea capitis due to Trichophyton soudanense. Mycoses 2003; 46:64-6. [PMID: 12588487 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0507.2003.00832.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A case of tinea capitis due to Trichophyton soudanense observed in a 4-year-old African girl is described. The infection manifested with diffuse pustular lesions of the scalp. Diagnosis was based on culture. Genome study by single primer PCR fingerprinting was also performed. A younger sister, aged 10 months, was the healthy carrier of the mycete.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Romano
- Istituto di Scienze Dermatologiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Monzón de la Torre A, Cuenca-Estrella M, Rodríguez-Tudela JL. Estudio epidemiológico sobre las dermatofitosis en España (abril-junio 2001). Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2003; 21:477-83. [PMID: 14572379 DOI: 10.1016/s0213-005x(03)72991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A three-month (April-June 2001) cross-sectional study was designed to assess the epidemiological profile of dermatophytosis in Spain. METHODS Sixty-two medical centers belonging to 14 different autonomous regions of Spain took part in the survey. A total of 491 strains were sent the Mycology Unit of the National Microbiology Center together with a form containing information on each patient. Isolates were identified by routine methods. RESULTS The average age of the patients was 38.7 years and 55.6% were men. The most frequent dermatophytoses were tinea unguium (39.1%), tinea corporis (25.1%), tinea pedis (12.6%), and tinea capitis (11.2%). Trichophyton rubrum (43%) was the most prevalent species. T. mentagrophytes (21.2%) and Microsporum canis (9.8%) were the second and third most common species, respectively. Tinea unguium was significantly associated with urban residence, and tinea corporis with rural residence and contact with animals. T. rubrum was related with urban dermatophytosis and T. mentagrophytes with rural cases. Tinea capitis due to T. tonsurans and T. violaceum was related with patients of North African origin. Tinea unguium was the most prevalent infection by autonomous region, except in Castilla-León, Asturias, Andalucía and Aragón, where tinea corporis was the most common dermatophytosis. Tinea capitis was the most frequent infection in Castilla-La Mancha and Extremadura. T. mentagrophytes was more prevalent than T. rubrum in Valencia, Castilla-La Mancha, Aragón and Murcia. CONCLUSION This cross-sectional study shows regional differences in the clinical and microbiological features of dermatophytosis in Spain. Epidemiological surveys are an essential tool for developing strategies for infection control.
Collapse
|
29
|
Tinea capitis inflamatoria por Trichophyton violaceum simulando dermatosis pustulosa erosiva. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-7310(03)76664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
30
|
Ellabib MS, Agaj M, Khalifa Z, Kavanagh K. Trichophyton violaceum is the dominant cause of tinea capitis in children in Tripoli, Libya: results of a two year survey. Mycopathologia 2002; 153:145-7. [PMID: 11998877 DOI: 10.1023/a:1014592507063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The causative agents of tinea capitis in Libyan nationals attending the out patient Dermatology Clinic of the Tripoli Medical Centre over the period December 1997 to December 1999 were investigated. Samples (hair and scalp scrapings) were taken from 940 patients who presented with suspected tinea capitis. The etiological agents were identified in 584 cases. Trichophyton violaceum was found to be the most prevalent organism isolated being responsible for 64.4% (376/584) of culture positive cases, followed by Microsporum canis at 24.7% (144/584) and T. mentagrophytes at 5.5% (32/584). The majority of infections (380/584) occurred in females and in children with ages less than 12 years (554/584).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Ellabib
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical College, Al-Fateh University, Tripoli, Libya
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ali-Shtayeh MS, Salameh AAM, Abu-Ghdeib SI, Jamous RM, Khraim H. Prevalence of tinea capitis as well as of asymptomatic carriers in school children in Nablus area (Palestine). Mycoses 2002; 45:188-94. [PMID: 12100538 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0507.2002.00761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A study of tinea capitis was carried out during October 1998, involving 8531 school children aged 6-14 years (4718 males and 3813 females), attending 12 primary schools located in urban, rural, and refugee camp communities in the Nablus district in the Palestinian Authority. A total of approximately 1389 of the school children aged 6-12 years (724 males and 665 females) were also surveyed on three occasions at 2-3 month intervals, over a 9-month period (October 1998-May 1999) using the hair brush technique, for prevalence of asymptomatic tinea capitis carriage. Twenty-three(0.27%) mycologically proven cases of tinea capitis were detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Ali-Shtayeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, An-Najah University, Nablus and Private Clinic, Nablus, Palestine.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ménan EIH, Zongo-Bonou O, Rouet F, Kiki-Barro PC, Yavo W, N'Guessan FN, Koné M. Tinea capitis in schoolchildren from lvory Coast (western Africa). A 1998-1999 cross-sectional study. Int J Dermatol 2002; 41:204-7. [PMID: 12031027 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-4362.2002.01456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinea capitis is a worldwide public health problem that poses specific therapeutic challenges. This dermatophytosis of the scalp is endemic in Africa. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, the associated demographic factors, causative species, and clinical types of tinea capitis in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. METHODS From June 1998 to March 1999, 1913 children aged between 4 and 15 years, and schooling in seven urban primary schools of Abidjan (Ivory Coast), were examined clinically for tinea capitis. Among all children showing symptoms suggestive of scalp ringworm, hair stumps and scales were collected and exposed to direct microscopic examination using 30% potassium hydroxide solution, and cultivation on Sabouraud's dextrose agar with or without actidione. RESULTS Among 227 symptomatic children, cultures positive for fungi were found in 217, yielding an overall tinea capitis prevalence of 11.34% [95% Confidence Interval (CI), 9.97-12.85]. By univariate analysis, tinea capitis was significantly associated with boys [odds ratio (OR) 7.85; CI 5.22-11.81] and in children belonging to the intermediate 8-11 years age group (OR 1.93; CI 1.29-2.90). Trichophyton soudanense and Microsporum langeronii were the most prevalent etiologic agents (63.6% and 31.3%, respectively), whereas a mixture of both T. soudanense and M. langeronii was observed in a 2.8% proportion. Finally, 2.3% of isolated species were represented by T. violaceum. CONCLUSIONS Our survey provided evidence that tinea capitis is endemic in Ivory Coast, constituting a substantial infectious dermatological disturbance. T. soudanense was the most frequent causative agent, whereas T. violaceum was isolated for the first time in this sub-Saharan western African country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eby Ignace Hervé Ménan
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Cocody, Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Tinea capitis is a common cutaneous fungal infection in US school children, but adults may be carriers of tinea pathogens in the scalp. However, few cases of actual tinea capitis in adults have been reported in the literature. A retrospective analysis of all adult patients with positive scalp fungal cultures from June 1997 to March 2000 were reviewed. Seventy-nine cases of tinea capitis were identified. Nine (11.4%) were adults, 7 of whom were African American women, who were an average of 46 years old (range, 25 to 64 years). Three of these patients had prior exposure to a child with tinea capitis. These results suggest that tinea capitis affects adult African Americans, particularly women. Widespread scalp culture is indicated for papulosquamous disease and alopecia in this segment of the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanette B Silverberg
- Skin of Color Center, Department of Dermatology, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rodríguez E, González-Praetorius A, Gimeno C, Teresa Pérez-Pomata M, José Alén M, Bisquert J. [Trichophyton violaceum: an emergent pathogen]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2001; 19:453-4. [PMID: 11709130 DOI: 10.1016/s0213-005x(01)72696-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
35
|
Rubio-Calvo C, Gil-Tomas J, Rezusta-Lopez A, Benito-Ruesca R. The aetiological agents of tinea capitis in Zaragoza (Spain). Mycoses 2001; 44:55-8. [PMID: 11398641 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0507.2001.00617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Between 1977 and 1997, 190 cases of tinea capitis were observed. The age groups most commonly infected were 1-10 years old. The following dermatophytes were isolated: Microsporum canis (119), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (57), Trichophyton tonsurans (seven), Trichophyton verrucosum (three), Trichophyton violaceum (one), Trichophyton schoenleinii (one), Trichophyton soudanense (one) and Microsporum audouinii (one).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Rubio-Calvo
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Zaragoza, Domingo Miral, E-50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Tinea capitis is a common dermatophyte infection of the scalp in children. Dermatophytes are classified into three genera; tinea capitis is caused predominantly by Trichophyton or Microsporum species. On the basis of host preference and natural habitat, dermatophytes are also classified as anthropophilic, geophilic and zoophilic. The etiological agents of tinea capitis usually fall in the first and last categories. In North America, tinea capitis is now predominantly due to Trichophyton tonsurans. During the past 100 years the most common North American organism for tinea capitis was initially Microsporum canis followed later by M. audouinii. In other parts of the world the epidemiology varies. Tinea capitis is generally observed in children over the age of 6 years and before puberty, with African Americans being the most affected group. Clinical presentations are seborrheic-like scale, 'black dot' pattern, inflammatory tinea capitis with kerion and tiny pustules in the scalp. The clinical diagnosis should be confirmed by mycological examination. Wood's light examination was of value in diagnosing tinea capitis due to M. canis and M. audouinii; however, it is not helpful in T. tonsurans tinea capitis. Asymptomatic carriers may be a significant reservoir of infection and spread of spores may also involve inanimate objects. Carriers may benefit from shampooing their hair. Treatment of tinea capitis requires an oral antifungal agent. The data from the use of terbinafine, itraconazole and fluconazole are promising and suggest that these agents have an efficacy similar to griseofulvin while shortening the duration of therapy. Both griseofulvin and the newer antimycotics have a favorable adverse-effect profile and are associated with high compliance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ginarte M, Pereiro M, Fernández-Redondo V, Toribio J. Case Reports. Pityriasis amiantacea as manifestation of tinea capitis due to Microsporum canis. Mycoses 2000; 43:93-6. [PMID: 10838857 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0507.2000.00543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report three patients, two infants and an adult, in whom their tinea capitis clinically appeared as pityriasis amiantacea. The mycological studies showed infection due to Microsporum canis in all cases. Correct diagnosis as well as adequate antimycotic chemotherapy of this atypical manifestation of tinea capitis remain a challenge to the clinician. Epidemiological aspects must be regarded also.
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
UNLABELLED During the past 50 years, the predominant etiologic agent of tinea capitis in the United States and in Western Europe has changed from Microsporum audouinii to Trichophyton tonsurans. This is thought to be due in part to the sensitivity of M audouinii to griseofulvin treatment and, in part, due to the importing of T tonsurans by people emigrating from geographic areas where that vector had been the prominent cause of tinea capitis. With these changes, prospects for newer therapies with the novel antimycotic agents itraconazole, fluconazole, and terbinafine are reviewed. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42:1-20.) LEARNING OBJECTIVE At the conclusion of this learning activity, participants should be familiar with the history, epidemiology, and current knowledge of tinea capitis, as well as the newer antifungal agents (ie, itraconazole, fluconazole, and terbinafine) to treat this infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B E Elewski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35233, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
In the period 1980-1998, 181 cases of tinea capitis out of a total of 1480 cases of dermatophytosis were observed in Siena, Italy; 176 cases were children (mean age 6 years, range 45 days to 14 years; 91 boys, 85 girls) and the other five cases were postmenopausal women. Diagnosis was made on the basis of culture which was positive in 179 cases, and direct microscopic observation which was positive in 155 of 179 cases. In two cases, positive direct microscopic results were not confirmed by the culture. The most frequently isolated mycete was Microsporum canis (162 cases, 90.5%) and the main source of infection was the cat, which was often a healthy carrier. The second most frequent mycete was Trychophyton mentagrophytes. Trichophyton violaceum, a dermatophyte practically absent from our province since the 1960s, was isolated in five patients. All patients were successfully treated. One adult was treated with oral ketoconazole and the other four with oral itraconazole. The children were all treated with griseofulvin and topical antimycotics. Two children, observed in 1997-1998, who did not respond to griseofulvin, achieved clinical and mycological recovery with oral itraconazole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Romano
- Istituto di Scienze Dermatologiche, Università degli Studi di Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Affiliation(s)
- R Aly
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0517, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- I J Frieden
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, USA
| |
Collapse
|