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Xu RH, Wong ELY, Luo N, Norman R, Lehmann J, Holzner B, King MT, Kemmler G. The EORTC QLU-C10D: the Hong Kong valuation study. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2024; 25:889-901. [PMID: 37768519 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-023-01632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The EORTC QLU-C10D is a new preference-based measure derived from the EORTC QLQ-C30. Country-specific value sets are required to support the cost-utility analysis of cancer-related interventions. This study aimed to generate an EORTC QLU-C10 value set for Hong Kong (HK). METHODS A HK online panel was quota-sampled to achieve an adult general population sample representative by sex and age. Participants were invited to complete an online discrete choice experiment survey. Each participant was asked to complete 16 choice-pairs, randomly assigned from a total of 960 choice-pairs, each comprising two QLU-C10D health states and a duration attribute. Conditional and mixed logistic regression analyses were used to analyse the data. RESULTS The analysis included data from 1041 respondents who had successfully completed the online survey. The distribution of sex did not differ from that of the general population, but a significant difference was found among age groups. A weighting analysis for non-representative variable (age) was used. Utility decrements were generally monotonic, with the largest decrements for physical functioning (- 0.308), role functioning (- 0.165), and pain (- 0.161). The mean QLU-C10D utility score of the participants was 0.804 (median = 0.838, worst to best = - 0.169 to 1). The value of the worst health state was - 0.223, which was sufficiently lower than 0 (being dead). CONCLUSIONS This study established HK utility weights for the QLU-C10D, which can facilitate cost-utility analyses across cancer-related health programmes and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Huan Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Eliza Lai-Yi Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nan Luo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, The National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard Norman
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jens Lehmann
- Division of Psychiatry II, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Holzner
- Division of Psychiatry II, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Madeleine T King
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georg Kemmler
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Stockdill ML, King A, Johnson M, Karim Z, Cooper D, Armstrong TS. The relationship between social determinants of health and neurocognitive and mood-related symptoms in the primary brain tumor population: A systematic review. Neurooncol Pract 2024; 11:226-239. [PMID: 38737608 PMCID: PMC11085846 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Social determinants of health (SDOH) impact cancer-related health outcomes, including survival, but their impact on symptoms is less understood among the primary brain tumor (PBT) population. We conducted a systematic review to examine the relationships between SDOH and neurocognitive and mood-related symptoms among the PBT population. PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched using PROGRESS criteria (place of residence, race/ethnicity, occupation, gender/sex, religion, education, socioeconomic status, and social capital) on March 8th, 2022. Two individuals screened and assessed study quality using the NHLBI Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies. Of 3006 abstracts identified, 150 full-text articles were assessed, and 48 were included for a total sample of 28 454 study participants. Twenty-two studies examined 1 SDOH; none examined all 8. Four studies measured place of residence, 2 race/ethnicity, 13 occupation, 42 gender, 1 religion, 18 education, 4 socioeconomic status, and 15 social capital. Fifteen studies assessed neurocognitive and 37 mood-related symptoms. While higher education was associated with less neurocognitive symptoms, and among individuals with meningioma sustained unemployment after surgery was associated with depressive symptoms, results were otherwise disparate among SDOH and symptoms. Most studies were descriptive or exploratory, lacking comprehensive inclusion of SDOH. Standardizing SDOH collection, reducing bias, and recruiting diverse samples are recommended in future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macy L Stockdill
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Amanda King
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Morgan Johnson
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Zuena Karim
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Diane Cooper
- National Institutes of Health Library, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Terri S Armstrong
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
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Tehan PE, Donnelly H, Martin E, Peterson B, Hawke F. Experiences and impact of a rural Australian high-risk foot service: A multiple-methods study. Aust J Rural Health 2024; 32:286-298. [PMID: 38337146 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most podiatry-led high-risk foot services (HRFS) in Australia are located in metropolitan areas or large regional centres. In rural areas, where there are limited specialist services, individuals with diabetes-related foot ulceration are more likely to undergo amputation. This study aimed to explore clinicians' perceptions of a recently implemented HRFS in rural New South Wales, Australia, and compare trends of amputation and hospitalisation prior to and post-implementation of the service. SETTING Rural HRFS in Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Health professionals working within the HRFS were recruited to participate. DESIGN This was a multiple-methods study. For the qualitative arm, semi-structured interviews were conducted, which were analysed using a reflexive thematic approach. The quantitative arm of the study utilised a retrospective analytic design which applied an interrupted time series to compare amputation and hospitalisation trends pre- and post-implementation of the HRFS utilising diagnostic and procedural ICD codes. RESULTS The qualitative arm of the study derived three themes: (1) navigating the divide, (2) rural community and rural challenges and (3) professional identity. Results of the interrupted time series indicate that there was a downward trend in major amputations following implementation of the HRFS; however, this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Clinicians were aware of the inequity in DFD outcomes between rural and metropolitan areas and were committed to improving outcomes, particularly with respect to First Nations peoples. Future research will explore service use and amputation rates in the longer term to further evaluate this specialised multidisciplinary care in a rural community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peta Ellen Tehan
- Subfaculty of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Podiatry and High Risk Foot Service, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hailey Donnelly
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Martin
- Podiatry and High Risk Foot Service, Hunter New England Local Health District, Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjamin Peterson
- Department of Podiatry, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona Hawke
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Dolan E, Cosgrave C, Killackey E, Allott K. Impact of rural settings on the interpersonal and personal processes associated with young people supporting a peer who experienced a traumatic event. Aust J Rural Health 2023; 31:1103-1114. [PMID: 37698078 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is limited research into informal support processes amongst young people supporting a peer through a traumatic event and how this process occurs specifically within a rural setting. OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to understand how the contextual environment impacts on the personal and interpersonal processes of rural-based young people supporting a peer who experienced a traumatic event. DESIGN Qualitative interviews were conducted with 22 young people (aged 14-19), who resided in Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. A substantive theory was developed using Charmaz's (1) Constructivist grounded theory methodology. FINDINGS Young people who shared responsibility for supporting their peer went back to life as normal and felt connected to their community, whereas young people who maintained sole responsibility, experienced mental health problems, disconnected from their community and felt like an outsider. The contextual environmental factors (i.e., service accessibility, limited transport, and internet blackspots) impacted both negatively and positively on young people's ability to provide support as well as influenced whether they felt safe share responsibility. DISCUSSION This theory implies that providing pathways to reconnecting with place and community, are essential in guiding young people back to their foundations of support. CONCLUSION Integrating these insights can create new service models in rural areas, whilst also creating opportunities to form healthy foundations of support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Dolan
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine Cosgrave
- Adjunct - University of New England School of Rural Medicine, Armidale, Australia
| | - Eóin Killackey
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly Allott
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Sangsefidi N, Jamali J, Rahimi Z, Kazemi A. Examination of Behavioural Patterns of Psychological Distress and Evaluation of Related Factors: A latent class regression. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2023; 23:311-319. [PMID: 37655085 PMCID: PMC10467542 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.12.2022.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to identify the behavioural pattern of psychological distress (PD) in the population of 18 to 65 years old people in Mashhad, Iran, using latent class regression and evaluate the related factors. PD is a unique emotional state with suffering in response to a stressor or specific need that leads to temporary or permanent impacts. Due to its negative effects on several features of life like the quality of life, health, performance and productivity of individuals, PD and its consequences are considered a public health priority. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 425,286 individuals aged 18 to 65, who were referred to health centres in Mashhad, northeastern Iran in the first half of 2018. The information required for this study, including a checklist of demographic information and the six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-6), was obtained from the Sina System. Results Latent class regression identified three latent patterns of PD in answering the questions of the K-6 questionnaire, including severe PD (14%), low PD distress (40%) and no PD (46%). Statistical variables of this study due to the results are considered as the following: women, illiterate people, unemployed and divorced people, individuals aged between 50 and 59 years and people with low weight were more likely to be in the severe PD class than in the no PD class. Conclusion Although a small percentage of people were classified as severely disturbed, the findings showed a high rate of symptoms of distress and sadness even in the no PD class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Sangsefidi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jamshid Jamali
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahimi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ana Kazemi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
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Dashputre A, Agho KE, Piya MK, Glenister K, Bourke L, Hannah S, Bhat R, Osuagwu UL, Simmons D. Prevalence and factors associated with mental health problems of psychological distress and depression among rural Victorians - analysis of cross-sectional data (Crossroads II). BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:450. [PMID: 37340331 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that rates of mental illness are similar in rural and urban Australia, although there are significant workforce shortages in rural regions along with higher rates of chronic disease and obesity and lower levels of socioeconomic status. However, there are variations across rural Australia and limited local data on mental health prevalence, risk, service use and protective factors. This study describes the prevalence of self-reported mental health problems of psychological distress and depression, in a rural region in Australia and aims to identify the factors associated with these problems. METHODS The Crossroads II study was a large-scale cross-sectional study undertaken in the Goulburn Valley region of Victoria, Australia in 2016-18. Data were collected from randomly selected households across four rural and regional towns and then screening clinics from individuals from these households. The main outcome measures were self-reported mental health problems of psychological distress assessed by the Kessler 10 and depression assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Unadjusted odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals of factors associated with the two mental health problems were calculated using simple logistic regression with multiple logistic regression using hierarchical modelling to adjust for the potential confounders. RESULTS Of the 741 adult participants (55.6% females), 67.4% were aged ≥ 55 years. Based on the questionnaires, 16.2% and 13.6% had threshold-level psychological distress and depression, respectively. Of those with threshold-level K-10 scores, 19.0% and 10.5% had seen a psychologist or a psychiatrist respectively while 24.2% and 9.5% of those experiencing depression had seen a psychologist or a psychiatrist, respectively in the past year. Factors such as being unmarried, current smoker, obesity, were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of mental health problems whereas physical activity, and community participation reduced the risk of mental health problems. Compared to rural towns, the regional town had higher risk of depression which was non-significant after adjusting for community participation and health conditions. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of psychological distress and depression in this rural population was consistent with other rural studies. Personal and lifestyle factors were more relevant to mental health problems than degree of rurality in Victoria. Targeted lifestyle interventions could assist in reducing mental illness risk and preventing further distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Dashputre
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Kingsley E Agho
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Milan K Piya
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
- Macarthur Diabetes Endocrinology Metabolism Services, Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Kristen Glenister
- Department of Rural Health, University of Melbourne, Wangaratta, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa Bourke
- Department of Rural Health, University of Melbourne, Shepparton, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Hannah
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Ravi Bhat
- Department of Rural Health, University of Melbourne, Shepparton, VIC, Australia
| | - Uchechukwu L Osuagwu
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
- Bathurst Rural Clinical School (BRCS), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Bathurst, NSW, 2795, Australia
| | - David Simmons
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.
- Macarthur Diabetes Endocrinology Metabolism Services, Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.
- Department of Rural Health, University of Melbourne, Shepparton, VIC, Australia.
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Abstract
The mental health of the farming community across industrialised nations has long been a major concern. Using an adapted procedure for a systematic literature review of observational epidemiological studies reporting prevalence (informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute method), this paper reviews peer-reviewed literature that explicitly compares farmer and non-farmer mental health (n = 48). In doing so, it provides a central and accessible evidence base for researchers and practitioners, and simultaneously reveals a stark lack of consensus; specifically, 54.0% of measures deployed to assess farmer mental health determined it to be the same as or even better than non-farming populations. This ambiguity sits in sharp contrast to the unequivocally worrisome farmer suicide statistics. Informed by the literature, the paper discusses potential reasons for this mismatch, including (i) farmers' progression through a different "pathway" to suicide that is not always preceded by mental illness, and (ii) a failure of current methods to accurately gauge the mental health status of farmers. The paper concludes by recommending more research into farmers' "pathway" to suicide, and highlights the need for a dedicated and multi-disciplinary programme of methods research that will afford a more culturally appropriate and effective means of understanding mental health in the farming community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Chiswell
- Francis Close Hall, Countryside and Community Research Institute, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, UK
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Solanki P, Colon-Cabrera D, Barton C, Locke P, Cheung AS, Spanos C, Grace J, Erasmus J, Lane R. Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy for the Trans, Gender Diverse, and Nonbinary Community: Coordinating World Professional Association for Transgender Health and Informed Consent Models of Care. Transgend Health 2023; 8:137-148. [PMID: 37013095 PMCID: PMC10066762 DOI: 10.1089/trgh.2021.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Before commencing gender-affirming hormone therapy, people undergo assessments through the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) model (typically with a mental health clinician), or an informed consent (IC) model (without a formal mental health assessment). Despite growing demand, these remain poorly coordinated in Australia. We aimed to compare clients attending WPATH and IC services; compare binary and nonbinary clients; and characterize clients with psychiatric diagnoses or longer assessments. Methods Cross-sectional audit of clients approved for gender-affirming treatment (March 2017-2019) at a specialist clinic (WPATH model, n=212) or a primary care clinic (IC model, n=265). Sociodemographic, mental health, and clinical data were collected from electronic records, and analyzed with pairwise comparisons and multivariable regression. Results WPATH model clients had more psychiatric diagnoses (mean 1.4 vs. 1.1, p<0.001) and longer assessments for hormones (median 5 vs. 2 sessions, p<0.001) than IC model clients. More IC model clients than WPATH model clients were nonbinary (27% vs. 15%, p=0.016). Nonbinary clients had more psychiatric diagnoses (mean 1.7 vs. 1.1, p<0.001) and longer IC assessments (median 3 vs. 2 sessions, p<0.001) than binary clients. Total psychiatric diagnoses were associated with nonbinary identities (β 0.7, p=0.001) and health care cards (β 0.4, p=0.017); depression diagnoses were associated with regional/remote residence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.2, p=0.011); and anxiety disorders were associated with nonbinary identities (aOR 2.8, p=0.012) and inversely associated with employment (aOR 0.5, p=0.016). Conclusion WPATH model clients are more likely to have binary identities, mental health diagnoses, and longer assessments than IC model clients. Better coordination is needed to ensure timely gender-affirming care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravik Solanki
- Department of General Practice, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - David Colon-Cabrera
- Department of Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Monash Health Gender Clinic, Hampton East, Australia
| | - Chris Barton
- Department of General Practice, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Peter Locke
- Equinox Clinic, Thorne Harbour Health, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Ada S. Cheung
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Cassandra Spanos
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Julian Grace
- Equinox Clinic, Thorne Harbour Health, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Jaco Erasmus
- Monash Health Gender Clinic, Hampton East, Australia
| | - Riki Lane
- Department of General Practice, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Monash Health Gender Clinic, Hampton East, Australia
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General practice management of depression among patients with coronary heart disease in Australia. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2022; 23:329. [PMID: 36526976 PMCID: PMC9755773 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-022-01938-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incident depression is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and increased morbidity and mortality. Treatment of depression with antidepressants and psychotherapy can be beneficial for these patients to reduce the risk of further CHD events. Ongoing management of CHD and depression mainly occurs in the community, but little is known about the identification and care of patients with comorbid CHD and depression in general practice. This study explores the prescription of antidepressants for these patients by sociodemographic variables. METHODS This is an open cohort study with de-identified data based on electronic medical records of 880,900 regular patients aged 40 + years from a national general practice database in Australia (MedicineInsight). Data from 2011-2018 was used to classify patients as newly recorded CHD (CHD recorded in 2018 but not in previous years), previously recorded CHD (CHD recorded between 2011-2017) or no recorded history of CHD. Antidepressant prescribing in 2018 considered active ingredients and commercial brand names. The association between sociodemographic variables and antidepressant prescribing was tabulated according to the CHD status. RESULTS The proportion of current depression among patients with newly recorded CHD was 11.4% (95%CI 10.3-12.6), 10.5% among those with previously recorded CHD (95%CI 10.0-11.1) and 9.6% among those with no recorded history of CHD (95%CI 9.2-10.1). Antidepressant prescribing was slightly higher among those with newly recorded CHD (76.4%; 95%CI 72.1-80.6) than among those with previously recorded CHD (71.6%; 95%CI 69.9-73.2) or no history of CHD (69.5%; 95%CI 68.6-70.4). Among males with newly recorded CHD and depression, antidepressant prescribing was more frequent in major cities or inner regional areas (~ 81%) than in outer/remote Australia (66.6%; 95% CI 52.8-80.4%). CONCLUSIONS Although antidepressant prescribing was slightly greater in those with newly recorded CHD compared to those with depression alone, its clinical significance is uncertain. Much larger differences in prescribing were seen by geographic location and could be addressed by innovations in clinical practice.
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Pai N, Vella SL, Castle D. A comparative review of the epidemiology of mental disorders in Australia and India. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2022; 14:e12517. [PMID: 35667856 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mental illness and substance use disorders have been increasing worldwide. Mental illness has a significant impact upon the lives of the individual as well as their loved ones. Mental disorders are known to result in a high level of disability. This article provides a comparative review of the epidemiology of mental disorders in Australia and India, summarizing and comparing prevalence rates in both countries based upon available data. Overall, it is evident that Australia has higher prevalence rates of mental disorders than India, across most diagnostic groups. Australia has the highest prevalence of anxiety disorders whereas India has the highest prevalence of substance use disorders; including tobacco use disorders. The next most prevalent mental disorders in India are depressive disorders. However, there are demographic parameters such as gender and age as well as service-provision differences across the countries that need to be factored into any interpretation of the data. There are also problems associated with different diagnostic instruments with language and cultural nuances that may impact comparisons. We suggest that a joint epidemiological survey between the two countries would help better understand and delineate the key similarities pertaining to the epidemiology of mental disorders in Australia and India. This will in turn assist with the development of policy and treatment of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagesh Pai
- Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shae-Leigh Vella
- Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Castle
- Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Hoang VTH, Nguyen HTH. Factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among men in a rural area in Vietnam during COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:987686. [PMID: 36386986 PMCID: PMC9659595 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.987686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has affected health and well-being worldwide, and its psychological effects are receiving substantial attention in the scientific literature. Research to date shows that the pandemic has increased prevalences of depression, anxiety, and stress. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of mental health symptoms and identify the associated factors among men in a rural area of Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and findings During July 15-31, 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1,085 men from 18 years old in 11 rural districts in Thanh Hoa province, Vietnam, and assessed their mental health using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS-21). Outcomes assessed were have a symptom of depression, anxiety, and stress; risk factors measured included age, religion, marital status, education, occupation, and financial status. Multiple linear regression was performed to determine the statistical significance of associations between risk factors and mental health symptoms. Findings showed that the prevalences of having a symptom of depression, anxiety and stress among participants were 6.39, 9.72, and 5.65%, respectively. Regression model showed being younger (95% CI: -0.030; -0.004, p = 0.001), men had high school degree (95% CI: -0.671; -0.074, p = 0.014), men living in nearly poor houshoulds (95% CI: 0.067, 1.905, p < 0.05) and poor housholds (95% CI: 0.608; 2.721, p < 0.05) had significantly lower depression scores than others. Conclusion Prevalences of having symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were much higher than in similar previous research in rural Vietnam, suggesting that mental health problems among men in this setting became more common during the COVID-19 pandemic. Age, religion, level of education and family income status were statistically significant predictors of mental health problems. These findings provide useful insights into the impact of pandemics on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van T. H. Hoang
- Department of Global Health, School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha T. H. Nguyen
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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12
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Yang X, Yu B, Song C, Feng C, Zhang J, Wang X, Cheng G, Yang R, Wang W, Zhu Y. The Effect of Long-Term Moderate Static Magnetic Field Exposure on Adult Female Mice. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111585. [PMID: 36358286 PMCID: PMC9687991 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Because of the high cost and safety of ultra-high magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), its application has certain limitations. Whereas 0.5−3 T MRI has been widely applied in hospitals, static magnetic fields (SMFs) have been shown to improve mice mental health and have anti-tumor potentials. Here, we compared the effects of the upward and downward 150 mT SMF groups with the sham group on C57BL/6J adult female mice. Locomotor and exploratory activity were also measured by behavioral tests, including the open field and elevated plus test. Additionally, physiology, pathology indicators and gut microbiota were examined. We found that 150 mT SMFs long-term exposure enhanced locomotive and exploratory activity of mice, especially the downward 150 mT SMF. Compared with the downward 150 mT SMF group, the movement speed and distance in the center area of the sham group were increased by 65.99% (p < 0.0001) and 68.58% (p = 0.0038), respectively. Moreover, compared to the sham group, downward 150 mT SMF increased the number of entrances to the center area by 67.0% (p = 0.0082) and time in the center area by 77.12% (p = 0.0054). Additionally, we observed that upward 150 mT SMF improved the number of follicles (~2.5 times, p = 0.0325) and uterine glands through increasing the total antioxidant capacity and reducing lipid peroxidation level in mice. Gut microbiome analysis showed that 150 mT SMFs long-term exposure improved the microbiota abundance (Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Ralstonia and Yaniella) in the genus level, which may affect metabolism, anxiety and behavior in adult female mice. Our results demonstrated that 150 mT SMFs long-term exposure not only had good biosafety, but also improved athletic performance, emotion and the function of ovarian, uterine and gut microbiota abundance in adult female mice, which unraveled the potential of moderate long-term SMF exposure in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Biao Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chao Song
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chuanlin Feng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Guofeng Cheng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
- Correspondence:
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13
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Vicic V, Saliba AJ, Campbell MA, Xie G, Quinn JC. Producer practices and attitudes: Non-replacement male calf management in the Australian dairy industry. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:979035. [PMID: 36204288 PMCID: PMC9530997 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.979035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no standardized rearing method or production guidelines for non-replacement male dairy calves that maximizes their economic viability. Producers have highlighted the need to match consumer expectations, but even with broadscale welfare improvement across the dairy industry, challenges remain at providing reliable and valuable pathways for non-replacement male dairy calves for beef production. A key consumer concern has been the use of on-farm euthanasia. Euthanasia has been a catalyst for change in the industry from a human and animal welfare perspective. The practice of euthanasia can lead to a decline in personnel wellbeing. To investigate the relationship between on-farm management practices of non-replacement male dairy calves and producer perceptions of their value proposition, an online questionnaire was provided to Australian dairy producers between June and October 2021. The aim was to identify supply-chain profitability of non-replacement male calves and investigate the attitudes and effects of euthanasia on producer wellbeing as part of managing these calves. A total of 127 useable responses were obtained, and a Bayesian network (BN) was utilized to model the interdependencies between management practices and wellbeing among participants. The results indicated that in general, dairy producers desired high welfare standards in their enterprises with regard to non-replacement male calves as well as expressed a desire to meet industry and consumers' expectations. In line with anecdotal reports of a reduction in practice, euthanasia was not identified as common practice in this group; however, producers were still accessing early-life markets for non-replacement male calves with operational requirements and environmental factors influencing their decisions. Producers expressed dissatisfaction with market access for their calves, as well as the lack of suitability of Australian beef grading standards for dairy-bred carcasses. Australian dairy managers and owners identified that euthanasia influenced employee wellbeing; however, they did not acknowledge euthanasia had an effect on their own wellbeing. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that all non-replacement male calf breeds had the potential to access profitable markets, and avoidance of euthanasia is a strong driver of change among dairy beef production systems in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vicic
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Veronika Vicic
| | - Anthony J. Saliba
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael A. Campbell
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Gang Xie
- Quantitative Consulting Unit, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Jane C. Quinn
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
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14
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Campos AI, Byrne EM, Iorfino F, Fabbri C, Hickie IB, Lewis CM, Wray NR, Medland SE, Rentería ME, Martin NG. Clinical, demographic, and genetic risk factors of treatment-attributed suicidality in >10,000 Australian adults taking antidepressants. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2022; 189:196-206. [PMID: 35833543 PMCID: PMC9544797 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Emergence of suicidal symptoms has been reported as a potential antidepressant adverse drug reaction. Identifying risk factors associated could increase our understanding of this phenomenon and stratify individuals at higher risk. Logistic regressions were used to identify risk factors of self-reported treatment-attributed suicidal ideation (TASI). We then employed classifiers to test the predictive ability of the variables identified. A TASI GWAS, as well as SNP-based heritability estimation, were performed. GWAS replication was sought from an independent study. Significant associations were found for age and comorbid conditions, including bipolar and personality disorders. Participants reporting TASI from one antidepressant were more likely to report TASI from other antidepressants. No genetic loci associated with TAS I (p < 5e-8) were identified. Of 32 independent variants with suggestive association (p < 1e-5), 27 lead SNPs were available in a replication dataset from the GENDEP study. Only one variant showed a consistent effect and nominal association in the independent replication sample. Classifiers were able to stratify non-TASI from TASI participants (AUC = 0.77) and those reporting treatment-attributed suicide attempts (AUC = 0.85). The pattern of TASI co-occurrence across participants suggest nonspecific factors underlying its etiology. These findings provide insights into the underpinnings of TASI and serve as a proof-of-concept of the use of classifiers for risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian I. Campos
- Department of Genetics and Computational BiologyQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Enda M. Byrne
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,Child Health Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Frank Iorfino
- Brain and Mind CentreThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Chiara Fabbri
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Ian B. Hickie
- Brain and Mind CentreThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Naomi R. Wray
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- Department of Genetics and Computational BiologyQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Miguel E. Rentería
- Department of Genetics and Computational BiologyQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Department of Genetics and Computational BiologyQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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15
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Psychological distress, multimorbidity and health services among older adults in rural South Australia. J Affect Disord 2022; 309:453-460. [PMID: 35490879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychological distress may relate to higher health services use. However, data on psychological distress and health services use among rural older adults are limited. This study investigates psychological distress in older adults (aged ≥60) and evaluates the relationship between psychological distress, multimorbidity and health services utilization. DESIGN A cross-sectional design was adopted using data on older adults (≥60) (n = 5920) from the South Australia's 2013-2017 population health survey. The Modified Monash Model MM2-7 was used to designate rural areas. The dataset provides information on reported physical health conditions, psychological distress, and patterns of health services use. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was used to compute scores for reported mental health disorders in this population. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the study participants was 72.1 (8.1) years. Women constituted 58.8% of the sample. The mean (SD) score for psychological distress was 12.5 (3.6). One-fourth (33.7%) report one-chronic condition, 20.4% reported 2 chronic conditions and 13% had more than 3 chronic conditions. High psychological distress was associated with female gender (χ2 = 14.4, p < 0.001), <80 years (χ2 = 11.7, p = 0.019), lower education (χ2 = 10.9, p = 0.027). Similarly, multimorbidity was associated with female gender (χ2 = 51.1, p < 001), increasing age (χ2 = 173.6, p < 0.001) and lower education (χ2 = 28.8 p < 0.001). Psychological distress and multimorbidity were independently associated with health service use. High psychological distress was associated with general practitioner (GP) visit (odds ratio 3.6 (95% CI 2.6-5.1), p < 0.001), emergency department (ED) visit (odds ratio 2.5 (95% CI 1.2-5.0), p < 0.001) and hospital admission (odds ratio 2.3 (95% CI 1.3-4.3), p < 0.001). Multimorbidity was associated with general practitioner (GP) visit (odds ratio 6.8 (95% CI 5.6-8.3), p < 0.001), emergency department (ED) visit (odds ratio 2.5 (95% CI 1.4-4.3), p < 0.001) and hospital admission (odds ratio 3.1 (95% CI 1.9-5.1), p < 0.001). Model included age, gender, education, number of chronic condition and psychological distress. CONCLUSION/IMPLICATION Psychological distress and multimorbidity were independently associated with health services use. Thus, psychological distress, particularly in the presence of multimorbidity, presents an opportunity for intervention by clinicians that may reduce the demand on rural health services.
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16
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Souza MLPD, Caranha NP, Herkrath FJ. The role of rurality on factors associated with major depressive episode screening among Brazilian adults in a national household survey. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:762-772. [PMID: 33740871 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211004999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, depression is one of the leading causes of disability, contributing significantly to the global burden of disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate in Brazil the effect of living in rural or urban areas on the prevalence of major depressive episode (MDE), as well as the differences among associated factors in both contexts. METHODS Data from 60,202 adult residents from a household-based cross-sectional survey conducted in Brazil were analyzed. The prevalence of MDE, evaluated using PHQ-9, as well as the prevalence ratios between the categories of the independent variables were estimated. Multiple hierarchical Poisson regression analyses based on a theoretical model were reproduced for both rural and urban areas. RESULTS Residents of rural areas showed lower MDE prevalence (3.3% [95% CI: 2.9-3.9] vs. 4.2% [95% CI: 3.9-4.6], p < .05) and the effect of rurality remained even adjusted by potential confounders (PR = 0.8 [95% CI: 0.7-0.9]). Better education, social network, and access to health services were protective factors for both rural and urban areas, while previous diagnosis of depression, chronic diseases, and obesity were risk factors. Living in the northern region, being indigenous, presenting higher income and number of goods were protective factors only in rural areas. In urban areas, being younger and having an occupation were protective factors, whereas female sex and having some disability were risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Rural and urban areas differ not only in the prevalence of depression, but also in the way in which different factors influence its occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalia Paz Caranha
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Fernando José Herkrath
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.,Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
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17
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Atta IS, Almilaibary A. The Prevalence of Stress Among Medical Students Studying an Integrative Curriculum During the COVID-19 Pandemic. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2022; 13:35-45. [PMID: 35046746 PMCID: PMC8761073 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s345330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stress is a psychological shift that negatively affects student achievement. We sought to investigate the extent of stress in the medical students at our university. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 337 medical students representing three program phases were represented. Stress was measured using a questionnaire divided into three main parts: 10-question Kessler instruments, 10-questions specific to identifying the causes of stress, and a qualitative component to report additional information. For the Kessler questionnaire, a score of less than 20 was considered negative for stress of any level (alert) and scores of 20-24 were considered mild stress (resistance phase), 25-29 moderate stress (near exhaustion), and 30-50 severe stress (exhaustion). Descriptive studies in the form of mean, standard deviation, and confidence interval (CI) were used in addition to the chi-squared test for estimate significant differences between variables. A P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The prevalence of stress was 85.5%, with a slight male predominance. The prevalence of stress was seen among the male students during Phase I (88.25%), followed by male students during Phase III (87.7%), female students during phase II (86.5%), male students during phase II (84.5%), female students during phase I (83.3%) and female students during phase III (80.4%). Stress was uniformly high during phase I (86.2%) followed by phase II (85.4%) and phase III (85.1%), and 85% of stress was obtained from the number and content of assessments. CONCLUSION There is a high level of stress throughout the curriculum. The number of assessments and the number of modules and their content are the primary sources of stress. Student mentorship, including academic, psychic, and social counseling, may help predict and manage stress and improve student performance. Detection of stress among the students is a major issue for program monitoring and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Shafek Atta
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Almilaibary
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha, Al-Aqiq, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Xie X, Huang C, Cheung SP, Zhou Y, Fang J. Job Demands and Resources, Burnout, and Psychological Distress of Social Workers in China: Moderation Effects of Gender and Age. Front Psychol 2021; 12:741563. [PMID: 34955962 PMCID: PMC8702995 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.741563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Social work is a fast-growing profession in China, with the workforce numbering approximately 1.2 million in 2018. Studies have shown, however, that social workers in China experience high burnout rates and significant psychological distress. Analyzing data collected from 897 social workers in Chengdu, China, we applied the job demands and resources (JD-R) theory to examine the effects of JD-R on burnout and psychological distress in social workers, as well as whether these relations are moderated by gender and age. Results supported a dual process by which JD-R affected both social workers' burnout and psychological distress through health impairment and motivation processes. Job demands (JD) were associated with high burnout and psychological distress. Meanwhile, job resources (JR) were associated with reduced burnout and psychological distress. Results indicated that JR had greater effects on burnout and distress than did JD. Women and younger professionals appeared to be affected most by JD and psychological distress. The findings support a need for interventions that buffer the effects of JD-R on burnout and psychological distress in social workers in China, focusing on women and younger professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Xie
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Chienchung Huang
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Shannon P. Cheung
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingbo Fang
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
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19
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Baxter GL, Tooth LR, Mishra GD. Psychological distress in young Australian women by area of residence: findings from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:390-396. [PMID: 34492432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between psychological distress and area of residence has been extensively discussed and debated. However, the focus has been largely on men and area of residence is often dichotomised to urban and rural. The aim of this study is to examine the association between psychological distress and area of residence in young Australian women using a broader geographical measure. METHODS Data were from 8961 women aged 19-26 in the 1989-95 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health in 2015. The association between area of residence (measured by the Modified Monash Model) and psychological distress (measured by the K10), adjusted for demographic factors, indicators of socioeconomic position and health behaviour characteristics, was analysed using logistic regression. RESULTS Women in regional centres had lower odds of high to very high psychological distress compared with women in metropolitan areas (adjusted odds ratio 0.73 (95% confidence interval 0.60-0.89)). Women living in large rural towns, medium rural towns and small rural towns/remote/very remote communities had similar levels of psychological distress as women living in metropolitan areas. LIMITATIONS ALSWH uses self-report questionnaires which may introduce potential self-report bias. The small sample size in areas outside of metropolitan areas resulted in the need to collapse small rural towns, remote communities and very remote communities into one category. CONCLUSIONS The subtle regional differences in levels of psychological distress in young women in Australia highlights the importance of the link between health and where people live and suggests further work is required to understand the regional differences and encourage location specific mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Baxter
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Leigh R Tooth
- Principal Research Fellow, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Gita D Mishra
- NHMRC Principal Research Fellow, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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20
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Abdoli N, Salari N, Darvishi N, Jafarpour S, Solaymani M, Mohammadi M, Shohaimi S. The global prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) among the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:1067-1073. [PMID: 34742925 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder is characterized by a depressed mood or feeling of sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in everyday activities. Depressed individuals have a cognitive impairment, low self-esteem, difficulty making decisions, feeling helpless and hopeless. The factors that have been associated with depression include the lack of social support, living in rural areas, suffering from chronic diseases, smoking, and alcohol abuse. This study aimed to investigate the global prevalence of major depressive disorder in the elderly. METHOD The electronic database such as Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, SID, PubMed, Google Scholar, Mag Iran, and IranDoc were systematically searched for studies reporting the prevalence of major depressive disorderin the elderly published up to March 2021. Meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. Heterogeneity between the studies was evaluated using the I2 index. Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation test was used to assess publication bias. RESULT A total of 20 studies involving 18953 participants were included in this study. The global prevalence of major depression in the elderly was 13.3 % (95 % CI: 8.4-20.3 %). In the subgroup analysis, the prevalence of major depression in elderly women was 11.9 % (95 % CI: 7.6-18.6) and men 9.7 % (95 % CI: 5.2-17.3). No comparison was made between the two sexes, but based on the confidence intervals and large overlap, the two groups are not statistically different. Among continents, Australia had the highest prevalence of major depression in the elderly at 20.1 % (CI: 14.5-27.2 %). This was followed by Europe at 12.9 % (95 % CI: 5.1-28.9 %). CONCLUSION Major depressive disorder has a growing trend in the elderly population of the world. The prevalence of major depression in the elderly depends on various clinical and demographic factors such as age and gender. Therefore, mental health and the quality of life (QoL) of the elderly are important. The present study emphasizes the importance of social support in mental health that can reduce depression in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Abdoli
- Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Niloofar Darvishi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Sima Jafarpour
- Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mina Solaymani
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Shamarina Shohaimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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21
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Muyambi K, Gillam M, Dennis S, Gray R, Martinez L, Jones M. Effect of depression awareness and management training on the attitudes of rural primary health care workers. Aust J Rural Health 2021; 29:449-454. [PMID: 34110058 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the effect of depression awareness and management training on the attitudes of rural primary health care workers. DESIGN A repeated measures design in which participants acted as their own controls. SETTING The training program occurred in 6 locations across rural South Australia. PARTICIPANTS The study enrolled primary care workers in general practitioner surgeries, Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations, community health centres, public hospitals, regional health services and non-government organisations. INTERVENTION A six-session training workshop that was informed by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines for the treatment and care of people with depression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The 22-item Revised Depression Attitude Questionnaire comprised the main outcome measure. Participants were assessed 12 weeks before the training, again on the day of commencement of the training and after the training. RESULTS Seventy-two primary health workers completed the training program in depression awareness, building therapeutic relationships, working with ambivalence, and goal setting. Between the 2 pre-training assessments mean scores showed no significant difference. There were statistically significant improvements on the overall attitudes and the subscales therapeutic optimism and professional confidence between pre-training and post-training. CONCLUSION Training rural primary health care workers in depression may improve their attitudes to working with people living with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuda Muyambi
- University of South Australia Department of Rural Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Marianne Gillam
- University of South Australia Department of Rural Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shaun Dennis
- University of South Australia Department of Rural Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Flinders and Upper North Local Health Network, Whyalla, SA, Australia
| | - Richard Gray
- University of South Australia Department of Rural Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Lee Martinez
- University of South Australia Department of Rural Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Martin Jones
- University of South Australia Department of Rural Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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22
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Sunjaya DK, Herawati DMD, Siregar AYM. Depressive, anxiety, and burnout symptoms on health care personnel at a month after COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:227. [PMID: 33509159 PMCID: PMC7840791 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care personnel (HCP) who demonstrated close contact with Corona virus disease (COVID-19) patients might experience a higher risk of infection and psychological problems. This study aims to explore depressive, anxiety, and burnout symptoms among HCP with a higher risk for psychological trauma. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from an online assessment, which was conducted 1 month after the COVID-19 outbreak. A total of 544 respondents from 21 provinces in Indonesia were included. Data on depressive, anxiety, and burnout symptoms were transformed first using the Rasch model and then categorized. Data from HCP in the higher risk group and the lower risk group were analyzed. RESULTS A higher percentage of HCP experiencing depressive symptoms (22.8%), anxiety (28.1%), and burnout (26.8%) are found in the higher risk group. The chance for the higher risk group's HCP to present with moderate and severe depressive symptoms, anxiety, and burnout are: 5.28 (Confidence interval (CI): 2.01-13.89; p < 0.05), 1.36 (CI: 0.09-1.96; p > 0.05), and 3.92 (CI: 2.08-7.40; p < 0.05) times higher, respectively. The probability for patient-induced burnout is 2.13 (CI: 1.51-3.007; p < 0.05) times higher and highest among the other burn out dimensions. The depressive symptoms complained were similar between groups: loneliness, sleep disturbances, difficulty concentrating, and inability to initiate activities. Loneliness demonstrates the highest logit value among the symptoms. CONCLUSIONS HCP with direct contact and responsibility to treat COVID-19 patients exhibit a higher risk to experience depressive symptoms and burnout. Communication with peers and staying in contact with family needs to be encouraged. Psychological well-being should be considered for high-risk HCP. Incentive or insurance guaranteed by the government or institution is essential as a reward and compensation during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deni Kurniadi Sunjaya
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Eyckman No 38, Bandung, West Java 40161 Indonesia
| | - Dewi Marhaeni Diah Herawati
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Eyckman No 38, Bandung, West Java 40161 Indonesia
| | - Adiatma Y. M. Siregar
- Department of Economic, Faculty of Economic and Business, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java 40161 Indonesia
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Bitsika V, Sharpley CF, McMillan ME, Jesulola E, Agnew LL. Effects of Subtypes of Child Maltreatment on CRP in Adulthood. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:533722. [PMID: 34867491 PMCID: PMC8637154 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.533722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of specific forms of childhood maltreatment (CM) upon adult C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, and to further describe the potentially confounding role that recent life stress and depression hold in that relationship, 221 participants from rural Australia (M age = 44yr, SD = 17.8yr) completed self-report questionnaires and provided a blood sample. There were no sex differences in any variables across the 91 males and 130 females, but depression status did confound the association between global CM and CRP. The specific aspect of CM was identified as physical and mental health abuse, and this was significantly associated with CRP level in participants with depressive symptoms and those without. There was no significant confound from recent life stressors. Results hold implications for the diagnosis of CM-related CRP elevation and (potentially) depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Bitsika
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Mary E McMillan
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Linda L Agnew
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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Bennett‐levy J, Hawkins R, Perry H, Cromarty P, Mills J. Online Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Training for Therapists: Outcomes, Acceptability, and Impact of Support. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-9544.2012.00089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helen Perry
- University Centre for Rural Health (North Coast), University of Sydney,
| | | | - Jeremy Mills
- University Centre for Rural Health (North Coast), University of Sydney,
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Hou T, Zhang F, Mao X, Deng G. Chronotype and psychological distress among Chinese rural population: A moderated mediation model of sleep quality and age. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241301. [PMID: 33125424 PMCID: PMC7598484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSES Evidence suggests evening-type individuals have a higher risk of reporting psychological distress than morning-type individuals. However, less is known regarding the underlying processes that might mediate or moderate this association among Chinese rural population. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of psychological distress, investigate whether sleep quality would mediate the association between chronotype and psychological distress and explore whether age would moderate the direct or indirect effect of the mediation model. METHODS The cross-sectional study utilized a sample of 884 rural residents from rural regions in Anqing City, Anhui Province, China. Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used to measure chronotype, sleep quality and psychological distress, respectively. MacKinnon's four-step procedure was employed to examine the mediation effect, while Hayes PROCESS macro (model 59) was used to perform the moderated mediation analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of psychological distress among Chinese rural population was 33.4%. The association between chronotype and psychological distress was partially mediated by sleep quality (indirect effect = - 0.05, 95% CI = [-0.08, -0.03]). In addition, age moderated the first stage (sleep quality-psychological distress) of the indirect effect, with the indirect effect being attenuated for older rural residents. As suggested by Johnson-Neyman technique, the association between sleep quality and psychological distress was only significant when the age of the participant was lower than 48.59. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of psychological distress among Chinese rural residents cannot be neglected. Interventions for the enhancement of sleep quality to prevent and reduce psychological distress should be prioritized to rural residents who are prone to eveningness, especially those who are younger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianya Hou
- Department of Psychology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Mao
- Department of Psychology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghui Deng
- Department of Psychology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
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Tiwari SC, Deshpande SR. A study to assess the effect of stressful life events on psychological distress levels of participants living in an urban area. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:2730-2735. [PMID: 32984116 PMCID: PMC7491857 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_96_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Stressful life events affect the psychological wellbeing of individuals. Through this study, we aim to understand this effect and various other factors affecting the psychological wellbeing of the study participants. Aims: To determine the vulnerability of study participants to psychological distress following stressful life events Settings and Design: Cross-sectional observational study in an urban setting Methods and Materials: Systematic random sampling with a sample size of 178. Statistical Analysis Used: Analysis is done using SPSS version 22. Tests used are chi square test, Spearman's rank correlation test. Results: The number of life events and psychological distress scores had a positive correlation.The events that occurred in one month before history taking, a correlation was found to be strongest and no correlation was found between the events which occurred more than one year before study enrolment and the psychological distress. Factors like sleeping patterns, exercise, and marital status also had a significant correlation with the psychological distress score of participants. Conclusions: Mental health is dependent on many parameters with life events being a major factor at a given point of time. However, different factors apart from life events will affect psychological wellbeing, and mental health is an interplay of all those factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali C Tiwari
- Department of Community Medicine Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swati R Deshpande
- Department of Community Medicine, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Amoke CV, Ede MO, Nwokeoma BN, Onah SO, Ikechukwu-Ilomuanya AB, Albi-Oparaocha FC, Nweke ML, Amoke CV, Amadi KC, Aloh HE, Anyaegbunam EN, Nwajiuba CA, Onwuama OP, Ede KR, Ononaiwu AI, Nweze T. Effects of group cognitive-behavioral therapy on psychological distress of awaiting-trial prison inmates. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18034. [PMID: 32332591 PMCID: PMC7220664 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The level of psychological distress among awaiting-trial inmates is rapidly increasing in Nigeria. Studies have recommended increasing attention and additional psychological intervention that could improve the psychological wellbeing of prisoners. This study evaluates the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on psychological distress among awaiting-trial prison inmates in Nigeria. METHODS A total of 34 awaiting-trial prison inmates in Enugu state Nigeria were used as the study participants. Two measures (perceived emotional distress inventory and general health Questionnaire) were used for data collection. Repeated measures with analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the effects of the intervention. Effect sizes were also reported with partial Eta Squared ((Equation is included in full-text article.)). RESULTS The result showed that there was no significant difference in psychological distress between the treatment and no-intervention groups. The results showed that CBT had a significant effect on psychological distress of awaiting-trial prison inmates when compared to their counterparts in the no-intervention group at Time 2. Additionally, the efficacy of CBT on the psychological distress of awaiting-trial prison inmates was significantly sustained at the follow-up measurements (Time 3). CONCLUSION This study suggests that cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective intervention for decreasing psychological distress among awaiting-trial prison inmates. Additionally, the impactful benefit of the intervention can persist in overtime. Therefore, cognitive behavioral therapists can further explore the efficacy of CBT using various cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bonaventure N. Nwokeoma
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
| | - Sebastian O. Onah
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
| | | | - Florence C. Albi-Oparaocha
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ebonyi State
| | - Maduka L. Nweke
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku Ozalla Enugu Campus
| | | | - Kingsley C. Amadi
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
| | - Henry E. Aloh
- Health Economics and Research Unit, Department of Health Services, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ebonyi State
| | - Emenike N. Anyaegbunam
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Management, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ebonyi State
| | - Chinyere A. Nwajiuba
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ebonyi State
| | | | - Kelechi R. Ede
- Department of Agricultural Science Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
| | | | - Tina Nweze
- Department of Educational Foundations, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki Nigeria
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Rafique N, Al-Asoom LI, Latif R, Al Sunni A, Wasi S. Comparing levels of psychological stress and its inducing factors among medical students. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2019; 14:488-494. [PMID: 31908635 PMCID: PMC6940666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine and compare degrees of psychological stress and inducing factors thereof among first to fifth year medical students (MS). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 468 female MS. We used the Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Inventory consisting of questions on a range of stress-inducing factors. Results A total of 67.9% students reported physiological stress. The percentage of MS without stress and with mild, moderate, and severe stress was 32%, 24%, 22%, and 21.8%, respectively. The highest prevalence of physiological stress was found among first-year students (82.6%). Stress scores significantly decreased with advancement in the year of study, except for the final year (p = 0.001). We found that the first year of medical studies (0.022), academic stress (0.001), the presence of a physical problem (0.001), and being married (0.002) were independent risk factors for high perceived stress (HPS), as shown by K10 scores >24. A total of 11.1% students consulted a psychiatrist, whereas 3.4% admitted taking some medication for stress. Conclusion This study infers that the first year of medical studies, academic stress, the presence of a physical problem, and being married are independent risk factors for HPS. We recommend mandatory stress screening for MS in all medical colleges. Ideally, the screening should be repeated every six months and students identified as having HPS should be provided with counselling, mental health services, and a proper follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazish Rafique
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, KSA
| | - Lubna I Al-Asoom
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, KSA
| | - Rabia Latif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, KSA
| | - Ahmed Al Sunni
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, KSA
| | - Samina Wasi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, KSA
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Uddin MN, Bhar S, Islam FMA. An assessment of awareness of mental health conditions and its association with socio-demographic characteristics: a cross-sectional study in a rural district in Bangladesh. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:562. [PMID: 31409332 PMCID: PMC6692949 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the level of awareness, knowledge and help-seeking attitudes and behaviours in relation to mental health conditions (MHCs) and associations with socio-demographic characteristics of a rural district of Bangladesh. METHODS We recruited 2425 adult samples (18-90 years) from a Cross-sectional study in Narial district of Bangladesh. Data on awareness, knowledge, help-seeking attitudes and practice in relation to six MHCs were collected. The MHCs were classified as common (depression, anxiety and drug addiction), and severe (psychosis, dementia and bipolar disorder). Associations of MHCs with socio-demographic characteristics were assessed using Chi-square tests. Rasch analysis was performed to transform the latent attribute (awareness) of MHCs from ordinal to interval scale. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine how the socio-demographic characteristics contribute to the combined awareness score of MHCs. RESULTS Of 2425 participants, 17 (0.7%) were cognizant of all the awareness construct of MHCs, and 1365 (56.28%) were not aware of any of MHCs. The prevalence of awareness of MHCs such as depression (8.5%), anxiety (6.2%), psychosis (3.5%), and bipolar disorder (3.3%), was found to be very low. Awareness was significantly lower in older adults, and in women. Higher levels of education (β 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.58-1.97) associated with common MHCs and (β 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67-0.95) those associated with severe MHCs contributed significantly to increased awareness as opposed to having no or primary level of education. Availability of sufficient funds when applied to common MHCs (β 0.43, 95% CI: 0.26-0.61) and severe MHCs (β 0.25, 95% CI: 0.13-0.38) appeared to be more effective in boosting awareness compared to unstable financial situations. Almost 100% of the participants who were aware of the MHCs demonstrated positive attitudes towards seeking medical or psychological counselling. CONCLUSIONS Awareness of MHCs appeared to be very limited. However, knowledgeable participants were found to be very receptive to medical or psychological counselling. For improving awareness of MHCs need to conduct various intervention programs in particular those campaigns that focus on women, older adults, low SES and people up to the primary levels of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nazim Uddin
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology; Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences; Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Fakir M Amirul Islam
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology; Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- Organisation for Rural Community Development (ORCD), Dariapur, Narail, Bangladesh
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Patel PA, Patel PP, Chiplonkar SA, Patel AD, Khadilkar AV. Association of body fat with stress levels and dietary intakes in Indian women. Women Health 2019; 59:591-600. [PMID: 30739603 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2018.1539429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study of 605 women (aged 18-50 years) conducted from January 2013 to June 2014 in Gujarat, India assessed stress, dietary intakes and body fat percentage (PBF), and the inter-relationship of PBF with stress, dietary fat, and carbohydrates. The population was categorized according to PBF cutoffs for Asians. A generalized linear regression model adjusted for age was performed to assess the relationship of stress, fat, and carbohydrate intakes with PBF. PBF had a significant positive association with stress level (p = .02) and carbohydrate intake (p = .008); fat intake was not significantly associated (p = .8). Women with moderate PBF consumed significantly less carbohydrates (mean = 152.3 ± 13.3 gm/1000 kcal/day, p < .05) and had lower stress scores (mean = 9.7 ± 4.2, p < .05) than women with high PBF (mean carbohydrate intake = 156.2 ± 10.8 gm/1000 kcal/day; mean stress score = 10.9 ± 4.4) and very high PBF (mean carbohydrate intake = 156.8 ± 11.6 gm/1000 kcal/day; mean stress score = 11.2 ± 4.2). We conclude that PBF has a positive association with stress and dietary carbohydrate; women with higher stress and carbohydrate intake are more likely to accumulate higher body fat as compared to women with less stress and low carbohydrate intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinal A Patel
- a Department of Biotechnology , Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University , Patan , Gujarat , India
| | - Prerna P Patel
- a Department of Biotechnology , Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University , Patan , Gujarat , India
| | - Shashi A Chiplonkar
- b Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Ashish D Patel
- a Department of Biotechnology , Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University , Patan , Gujarat , India
| | - Anuradha V Khadilkar
- b Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute , Pune , Maharashtra , India
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Psychological distress and its association with socio-demographic factors in a rural district in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212765. [PMID: 30865656 PMCID: PMC6415806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological distress including depression and anxiety are among the most serious causes of morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. There has been no study in the rural area to report the prevalence of and risk factors for psychological distress. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for psychological distress in a rural district in Bangladesh. Methods A total of 2425 adults (1249 women) aged 18–90 years were selected from the Narail upazilla using multi-level cluster random sampling for a cross-sectional study. Psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler 10 items questionnaire. Participants’ socio-demographic status, life style factors and health conditions were also collected. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for binary outcomes and mean changes for continuous outcomes of psychological distress score were computed. Logistic regression and generalized linear model techniques were used for analytical purpose. Results The overall prevalence of psychological distress was 52.5%. This proportion included 22.7% people rated as having mild psychological distress, 20.8% moderate and 9.0% severe. The prevalence of moderate (24.7% vs. 17.5%, p<0.001) and severe (16.2% vs. 2.5%, p<0.001) psychological distress was significantly higher in older adults of age 60–90 years than that in younger adults of age 18–59 years. The prevalence of severe psychological distress was higher in females than males and the difference increased with age (vs. (females vs males: 1.9% vs. 1.1% at age of <30 years, 12.2% vs. 10.1% at age between 60–69 years, and 45.5% vs. 25.4% at age of 80 years or older). After multivariate adjustment, compared to degree or equivalent level of education, no education (odds ratio (OR), 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–2.82) was associated with higher prevalence of any psychological distress in the total sample. Compared to married, psychological distress among widowed older adults was almost five times higher prevalence (OR, 4.89, 95% CI, 2.51–9.55). Socio-economic status showed a U-shaped relationship with the prevalence of psychological distress; being very poor or wealthy was associated with higher prevalence of psychological distress compared to those of moderate socio-economic status. People living in pourashava (semi-urban areas) reported significantly higher prevalence of psychological distress compared to people living in typical rural unions. Conclusions In this rural Bangladeshi community, the prevalence of psychological distress was high, especially among older women. Factors including lower level of education, inability to work, and living in semi-urban areas were associated with higher prevalence of psychological distress. Public health programmes should target people in high risk groups to reduce their psychological distress in Bangladesh.
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Shawi AFA, Abdullateef AN, Khedher MA, Rejab MS, Khaleel RN. Assessing stress among medical students in Anbar governorate, Iraq: a cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J 2018; 31:96. [PMID: 31011397 PMCID: PMC6462153 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.31.96.16737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A high prevalence of stress has been recorded among medical students worldwide. Additionally, high levels of personal distress may have a negative effect on the cognitive functioning and learning abilities of medical students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using medical students in the Al-Anbar governorate; data collection was carried out from February to March 2018. The assessment of stress levels among these students was administered using the Kessler10 Psychological Distress instrument (K10). Results 231 students (77.5%) reported at least some degree of stress, ranging between severe (30.2%), moderate (25.5%) and mild (21.8%). The highest proportion of students with stress (11.5%) was reported by first-year students; this proportion largely fell within the moderate and severe categories. There was a significant statistical association between gender and stress level. Conclusion There is a high level of stress among medical students in Falluja and Anbar Universities; this may require special programmes to identify any predisposing factors.
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Sharpley CF, Bitsika V, McMillan ME, Jesulola E, Agnew LL. Associations between stress and depression symptom profiles vary according to serotonin transporter polymorphism in rural Australians. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:2007-2016. [PMID: 30127611 PMCID: PMC6091248 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s168291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Depression remains difficult to treat in all cases, and further investigation of the role of genetic and environmental factors may be valuable. This study was designed to investigate the association between the short (s) versus non-short (non-s) 5HTTLPR variants, presence of childhood stressors and recent life stressors, and depression, and to do so at two levels that would expose the associations between total depression scores and also individual depression items. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and forty-nine volunteers from one of the Australian Electoral Office electorates covering a large rural land area completed a series of questionnaires about childhood and recent life stress and depression, and provided a buccal cell sample for genotyping the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism into s versus non-s carriers. RESULTS Although there were no significant differences in the depression scores of the s-carriers versus the non-s carriers, each subtype of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism showed different patterns of association between childhood stress and depression symptoms, and between recent life stress and depression symptoms. CONCLUSION Individualization of therapy for depression may be achieved through consideration of the specific associations that patients exhibit between life stress, 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, and depression symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicki Bitsika
- Centre for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Mary E McMillan
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia,
| | - Emmanuel Jesulola
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia,
| | - Linda L Agnew
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia,
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How Much Distress Is Too Much on Deployed Operations? Validation of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) for Application in Military Operational Settings. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1037/mil0000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Clayton K, Luxford Y, Stupans I. Decision-making factors of pharmacy customers purchasing over-the-counter complementary and alternative medicine for stress. ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Uddin MN, Bhar S, Al Mahmud A, Islam FMA. Psychological distress and quality of life: rationale and protocol of a prospective cohort study in a rural district in Bangaladesh. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e016745. [PMID: 28864700 PMCID: PMC5588978 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A significant proportion of the global burden of disease has been attributed to mental and behavioural disorders. People with mental disorders (MDs) have lower levels of health-related quality of life than those without MDs. Several studies have shown that in low-resource countries, a range of social determinants including poor health literacy is critical in the epidemiological transition of disease outcome. There is a lack of evidence of MDs literacy, the prevalence and risk factors of common mental health conditions, or any validated instruments to measure psychological distress or evaluate the quality of life in rural areas of Bangladesh. AIMS The aims of this study are: (1) report the awareness, knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) of MDs; (2) estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for psychological distress; (3) measure association of psychological distress and other socio-demographic factors with quality of life and (4) test the feasibility to use Kessler 10-item (K10) and WHO Quality Of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaires in rural Bangladesh for measuring psychological distress and quality of life. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A sample of 1500 adults aged 18-59 years and 1200 older adults aged 60-90 years will be interviewed from a multistage cluster random sample. Each participant will go through a face-to-face interview to assess their awareness and KAP of MDs. Information about the participant's sociodemographic and socioeconomic status will be collected along with the psychological distress (K10) and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaires. Internal consistency, validity, reliability and item discrimination of K10 and WHOQOL-BREF instruments will be determined by using Rasch analysis and regression techniques. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Human Ethics Approval was received from the Swinburne University of Technology Human Ethics Committee. Results of this research will be disseminated via scientific forums including peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nazim Uddin
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abdullah Al Mahmud
- Centre for Design Innovation (CDI), School of Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fakir M Amirul Islam
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Organisation for Rural Community Development (ORCD), Narail, Bangladesh
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Kaholokula JK, Antonio MC, Ing CKT, Hermosura A, Hall KE, Knight R, Wills TA. The effects of perceived racism on psychological distress mediated by venting and disengagement coping in Native Hawaiians. BMC Psychol 2017; 5:2. [PMID: 28081710 PMCID: PMC5228113 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-017-0171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have linked perceived racism to psychological distress via certain coping strategies in several different racial and ethnic groups, but few of these studies included indigenous populations. Elucidating modifiable factors for intervention to reduce the adverse effects of racism on psychological well-being is another avenue to addressing health inequities. METHODS We examined the potential mediating effects of 14 distinct coping strategies on the relationship between perceived racism and psychological distress in a community-based sample of 145 Native Hawaiians using structural equation modeling. RESULTS Perceived racism had a significant indirect effect on psychological distress, mediated through venting and behavioral disengagement coping strategies, with control for age, gender, educational level, and marital status. DISCUSSION The findings suggest that certain coping strategies may exacerbate the deleterious effects of racism on a person's psychological well-being. CONCLUSION Our study adds Native Hawaiians to the list of U.S. racial and ethnic minorities whose psychological well-being is adversely affected by racism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mapuana C.K. Antonio
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - Claire K. Townsend Ing
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - Andrea Hermosura
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - Kimberly E. Hall
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
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Rosness TA, Strand BH, Bergem ALM, Nafstad P, Langballe EM, Engedal K, Tambs K, Bjertness E. Association of psychological distress late in life and dementia-related mortality. Aging Ment Health 2017; 20:603-10. [PMID: 25871314 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1031639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is not fully understood how subjective feelings of psychological distress prognosticate dementia. Our aim was to investigate the association between self-reported psychological distress and risk of dementia-related mortality. METHOD We included 31,043 eligible individuals between the ages of 60 and 80 years, at time of examination, from the CONOR (Cohort of Norway) database. They were followed for a period of 17.4 years (mean 11.5 years). The CONOR Mental Health Index, a seven-item self-report scale was used. A cut-off score equal to or above 2.15 on the scale denoted psychological distress. Cox regression was used to assess the association between psychological distress and risk of dementia-related mortality. RESULTS Total number of registered deaths was 11,762 and 1118 (9.5%) were classified as cases of dementia-related mortality. We found that 2501 individuals (8.1%) had psychological distress, of these, 119 (10.6%) had concomitant dementia-related mortality. Individuals with psychological distress had an increased risk of dementia-related mortality HR = 1.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-1.85) after adjusting for age, gender and education. The association remained significant although attenuated when implemented in a full adjusted model, including general health status, smoking, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and history of cardiovascular disease; hazard ratio, HR = 1.30 (95% CI 1.06-1.59). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that psychological distress in elderly individuals is associated with increased risk of dementia-related mortality. Individuals at increased risk of dementia may benefit from treatments or interventions that lessen psychological distress, but this needs to be confirmed in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Atle Rosness
- a Institute of Health and Society , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Bjørn Heine Strand
- a Institute of Health and Society , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.,b Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo , Norway.,c Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Health Trust , Tønsberg , Norway
| | | | - Per Nafstad
- a Institute of Health and Society , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Ellen Melbye Langballe
- c Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Health Trust , Tønsberg , Norway
| | - Knut Engedal
- c Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Health Trust , Tønsberg , Norway
| | | | - Espen Bjertness
- a Institute of Health and Society , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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Giongo CR, Monteiro JK, Sobrosa GMR. SUINOCULTOR: VIVÊNCIAS DE PRAZER E SOFRIMENTO NO TRABALHO PRECÁRIO. PSICOLOGIA & SOCIEDADE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-0310/2017v29147648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Este estudo teve o objetivo de analisar as vivências de prazer e de sofrimento no trabalho de suinocultores, além de caracterizar a organização do trabalho e de compreender as estratégias defensivas utilizadas. O estudo teve um delineamento qualitativo e contou com a participação de 16 suinocultores. A coleta foi realizada através de grupos focais e de observação participante. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. O prazer no trabalhado estava associado à manutenção da tradição familiar e ao cuidado dos animais. Nas vivências de sofrimento, destacaram-se a sobrecarga de trabalho e o desgaste consequente. As estratégias defensivas identificadas foram a negação da dor e a racionalização. Como consequências foram identificados diversos danos à saúde física e mental dos trabalhadores.
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Simpson S, Tan H, Otahal P, Taylor B, Ponsonby A, Lucas RM, Blizzard L, Valery PC, Lechner‐Scott J, Shaw C, Williams D, Mei I. Anxiety, depression and fatigue at 5-year review following CNS demyelination. Acta Neurol Scand 2016; 134:403-413. [PMID: 26756925 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are common in multiple sclerosis (MS). We evaluated the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety, depression and fatigue at the 5-year review of a longitudinal cohort study following a first clinical diagnosis of CNS demyelination (FCD). METHODS Cases with a FCD were recruited soon after diagnosis and followed annually thereafter. A variety of environmental, behavioural and clinical covariates were measured at five-year review. Anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale (HADS), and fatigue by the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). RESULTS Of the 236 cases, 40.2% had clinical anxiety (median HADS-A: 6.0), 16.0% had clinical depression (median HADS-D: 3.0), and 41.3% had clinical fatigue (median FSS: 4.56). The co-occurrence of all three symptoms was 3.76 times greater than expectation. Younger age, higher disability, concussion or other disease diagnosis were independently associated with a higher anxiety score; male sex, higher disability, being unemployed, less physical activity, and antidepressant and/or anxiolytic-sedative medication use were independently associated with a higher depression score. Higher disability, immunomodulatory medication use, other disease diagnosis and anxiolytic-sedative medication use were independently associated with having fatigue, while female sex, higher BMI, having had a concussion, being unemployed and higher disability were associated with a higher fatigue score. CONCLUSION These results support previous findings of the commonality of anxiety, depression and fatigue in established MS and extend this to post-FCD and early MS cases. The clustering of the three symptoms indicates that they may share common antecedents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Simpson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia
| | - H. Tan
- School of Medicine University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia
| | - P. Otahal
- School of Medicine University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia
| | - B. Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia
| | - A.‐L. Ponsonby
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - R. M. Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - L. Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia
| | - P. C. Valery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - J. Lechner‐Scott
- Dept. Neurology John Hunter Hospital New Lambton NSW Australia
- University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW Australia
| | - C. Shaw
- School of Medicine Faculty of Health Deakin University Geelong VIC Australia
| | - D. Williams
- Dept. Neurology John Hunter Hospital New Lambton NSW Australia
- University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW Australia
| | - I. Mei
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia
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Senaratna CV, English DR, Currier D, Perret JL, Lowe A, Lodge C, Russell M, Sahabandu S, Matheson MC, Hamilton GS, Dharmage SC. Sleep apnoea in Australian men: disease burden, co-morbidities, and correlates from the Australian longitudinal study on male health. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1029. [PMID: 28185594 PMCID: PMC5103243 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnoea is a common disorder with under-rated clinical impact, which is increasingly being recognised as having a major bearing on global disease burden. Men are especially vulnerable and become a priority group for preventative interventions. However, there is limited information on prevalence of the condition in Australia, its co-morbidities, and potential risk factors. Methods We used data from 13,423 adult men included in the baseline wave of Ten to Men, an Australian national study of the health of males, assembled using stratified cluster sampling with oversampling from rural and regional areas. Those aged 18–55 years self-completed a paper-based questionnaire that included a question regarding health professional-diagnosed sleep apnoea, physical and mental health status, and health-related behaviours. Sampling weights were used to account for the sampling design when reporting the prevalence estimates. Odds ratios were used to describe the association between health professional-diagnosed sleep apnoea and potential correlates while adjusting for age, country of birth, and body-mass index (BMI). Results Prevalence of self-reported health professional-diagnosed sleep apnoea increased from 2.2 % in age 18–25 years to 7.8 % in the age 45–55 years. Compared with those without sleep apnoea, those with sleep apnoea had significantly poorer physical, mental, and self-rated health as well as lower subjective wellbeing and poorer concentration/remembering (p < 0.001 for all). Sleep apnoea was significantly associated with older age (p < 0.001), unemployment (p < 0.001), asthma (p = 0.011), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/chronic bronchitis (p = 0.002), diabetes (p < 0.001), hypercholesterolemia (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001), heart attack (p < 0.001), heart failure (p < 0.001), angina (p < 0.001), depression (p < 0.001), post-traumatic stress disorder (p < 0.001), other anxiety disorders (p < 0.001), schizophrenia (p = 0.002), overweight/obesity (p < 0.001), insufficient physical activity (p = 0.006), smoking (p = 0.005), and high alcohol consumption (p < 0.001). Conclusion Health professional-diagnosed sleep apnoea is relatively common, particularly in older males. Associations between sleep apnoea and cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory, and psychiatric disorders have important clinical and public health implications. As men are especially vulnerable to sleep apnoea as well as some of its chronic co-morbidities, they are potentially a priority group for health interventions. Modifiable lifestyle related factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, level of physical activity and BMI are possible key foci for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamara Visanka Senaratna
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia.,Department of Community Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Dallas R English
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Dianne Currier
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Perret
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia.,Institute for Breathing & Sleep, Heidelberg, 3084, Australia
| | - Adrian Lowe
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Caroline Lodge
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Melissa Russell
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Sashane Sahabandu
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Melanie C Matheson
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Garun S Hamilton
- Department of Lung and Sleep Medicine, Monash Health, Clayton, 3168, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3168, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia.
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Patel PA, Patel PP, Khadilkar AV, Chiplonkar SA, Patel AD. Impact of occupation on stress and anxiety among Indian women. Women Health 2016; 57:392-401. [PMID: 26984269 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2016.1164273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to: (1) assess the prevalence of anxiety and stress in Indian women; and (2) evaluate the relationship of occupation to the prevalence of anxiety and stress. A cross-sectional study was performed from January 2013 to June 2014, on women (aged 18-50 years) randomly selected from different occupations in Gujarat, India. Anxiety was evaluated using Spielberg's State and Trait Anxiety Inventory scale and stress was assessed using the International Stress Management Association questionnaire. Serum cortisol concentration was measured in a sub-sample. The association of occupation with stress and anxiety was analyzed by a generalized linear model adjusted for age. Among all participants, 26% were the most prone and 66% were somewhat more prone to stress; 35% of women showed high anxiety levels. Homemakers had 1.2 times higher anxiety and 1.3 times higher stress than working women (p < .05). Prevalence of stress (37%, p < .001) and anxiety (40%, p = .068) were also higher in homemakers compared to working women and students. Serum cortisol levels did not differ significantly (p > .05) by occupation. This study revealed high prevalence rates of stress and anxiety in Indian women. Involvement in activities outside the home may help women to reduce stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinal A Patel
- a Department of Biotechnology , Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University , Patan , Gujarat , India
| | - Prerna P Patel
- a Department of Biotechnology , Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University , Patan , Gujarat , India
| | - Anuradha V Khadilkar
- b Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute , Jehangir Hospital, Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - S A Chiplonkar
- b Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute , Jehangir Hospital, Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Ashish D Patel
- a Department of Biotechnology , Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University , Patan , Gujarat , India
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Tian X, Gao Q, Li G, Zou G, Liu C, Kong L, Li P. Resilience is associated with low psychological distress in renal transplant recipients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2016; 39:86-90. [PMID: 26805002 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Renal transplantation (RT) is a significant life event; its subsequent challenges often lead to psychological distress, which substantially lowers patients' quality of life. The purpose of this study was to screen psychological distress and examine the relationships between resilience and psychological distress in RT recipients. METHODS Participants were 139 RT recipients from the RT follow-up clinic and ward in the departments of nephrology of three general hospitals in Jinan, China. They were assessed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationships between resilience and psychological distress after adjusting for perceived social support. RESULTS Fifty-nine (42.4%) RT recipients were considered as experiencing "psychological distress" (K10 score ≥ 22). Resilience was associated with psychological distress after controlling for perceived social support and sociodemographic variables: a one-point increase in resilience decreased the likelihood of having possible psychological distress (odds ratio=0.945, 95% confidence interval=0.914-0.976, P<.01). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that resilience was significantly associated with low psychological distress in RT recipients. Psychosocial interventions focused on resilience might provide useful approaches to overcome psychological distress in RT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Tian
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingling Gao
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guopeng Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guiyuan Zou
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunqin Liu
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Linghua Kong
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Rosiek A, Rosiek-Kryszewska A, Leksowski Ł, Leksowski K. Chronic Stress and Suicidal Thinking Among Medical Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:212. [PMID: 26891311 PMCID: PMC4772232 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The subject of chronic stress and ways of dealing with it are very broad. The aim of this study was to analyze stress and anxiety and their influence on suicidal thinking among medical students. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the years 2014 to 2015 in Poland, at the Medical University—Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum. The objective of this study was to assess chronic stress and suicidal thinking among students and how students cope with this huge problem. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were conducted to detect differences. Results: Analyses showed that students’ life is full of stressors. Students toward the end of their education cope better with stress than students starting their university studies. Chronic stress has a strong impact on mental health and suicidal thinking among students. Conclusions: The results of the study confirmed that chronic stress and anxiety have a negative influence on mental health and also confirm a relation to suicidal thinking in medical students. Students cope with stress by listening to music, talking to relatives or people close to them, resting or engaging in sports, with cycling, running and swimming being the most common methods used to affect suicidal thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rosiek
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz 85-830, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Rosiek-Kryszewska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz 85-089, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Leksowski
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz 85-094 Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Leksowski
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz 85-830, Poland.
- Department of General Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Military Clinical Hospital in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz 85-681, Poland.
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Webber A, Clark J, Kelly D. Treating substance abuse and mental health issues as 'mutually-exclusive' entities: Best practice or an outmoded approach to intervention? Int J Ment Health Nurs 2016; 25:27-32. [PMID: 26777611 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Addressing the psychological distress of individuals experiencing substance use disorders has too often been relegated to the 'too hard basket', leaving those affected with little choice but to receive treatments aimed solely at addressing their drug and alcohol issues. Conversely, individuals receiving support for psychological issues are often underdiagnosed with regards to any comorbid substance misuse problems. In fact, to date, no definitive treatment model exists that gives equal focus to the treatment of both psychological well-being and substance-related addictions. This is not to suggest, however, that existing treatment programmes for substance misuse are not impacting positively on clients' mental health, rather that further research is needed in order to determine what it is that is supporting such improvements. The aim of this study, therefore, was to address this imbalance by examining the correlation between substance dependence and psychological well-being. Using a descriptive correlation design, the Severity of Dependence and Kessler 10 scales were administered to 37 inpatient and outpatient clients at a rural drug and alcohol rehabilitation service, at intake and 2 months into treatment. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and paired-samples t-tests. Positive correlative factors of improvement between substance dependence and psychological well-being were found for both groups. In light of these findings, the authors recommend that future research be undertaken to investigate the causal factors for this correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Webber
- School of Health, University of New England, Armidale
| | - Jane Clark
- School of Health, University of New England, Armidale
| | - David Kelly
- St Vincent de Paul Support Services, Woolloomooloo, New South Wales, Australia
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Prevalence, associated factors and predictors of anxiety: a community survey in Selangor, Malaysia. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:262. [PMID: 26497745 PMCID: PMC4620008 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0648-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety is the most common mental health disorders in the general population. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety, its associated factors and the predictors of anxiety among adults in the community of Selangor, Malaysia. METHODS A cross sectional study was carried out in three districts in Selangor, Malaysia. The inclusion criteria of this study were Malaysian citizens, adults aged 18 years and above, and living in the selected living quarters based on the list provided by the Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOS). Participants completed a set of questionnaires, including the validated Malay version of Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD 7) to detect anxiety. RESULTS Of the 2512 participants who were approached, 1556 of them participated in the study (61.90%). Based on the cut-off point of 8 and above in the GAD-7, the prevalence of anxiety was 8.2%. Based on the initial multiple logistic regression analysis, the predictors of anxiety were depression, serious problems at work, domestic violence and high perceived stress. When reanalyzed again after removing depression, low self-esteem and high perceived stress, six predictors that were identified are cancer, serious problems at work, domestic violence, unhappy relationship with family, non-organizational religious activity and intrinsic religiosity. CONCLUSION This study reports the prevalence of anxiety among adults in the community of Selangor, Malaysia and also the magnitude of the associations between various factors and anxiety.
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Borjalilu S, Mohammadi A, Mojtahedzadeh R. Sources and Severity of Perceived Stress Among Iranian Medical Students. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 17:e17767. [PMID: 26568843 PMCID: PMC4636747 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.17767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying medicine is perceived to be stressful, and a high level of stress may have a negative effect on cognitive functioning and mental health of the students. OBJECTIVES In this study, we assessed perceived stress and its severity, sources and determinants. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the perceived stress and its severity, sources and demographic variables in 341 (136 males, 205 females) randomly selected medical students of Tehran university of medical sciences, Iran, in October 2013. A self-administered valid and reliable questionnaire with a possible range of scores from 0 to 56 was used to collect the data. Stress sources were determined using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The overall perceived stress mean was 32.02 (SD = 5.08). Eighty-three percent of the medical students perceived stress. Students in clinical phase perceived more stress than basic sciences ones [OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.809 - 4.032]. Logistic regression analysis showed demographic (including gender and residential status), psychosocial and academic factors and the phase of study as sources of stress. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that most of the medical students declared perceived stress. So, a change in medical education environment and empowering students to effectively cope with the perceived stress sources and their families to support their children is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaieh Borjalilu
- Department of E-learning in Medical Education, Virtual School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Aeen Mohammadi
- Department of E-learning in Medical Education, Virtual School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Rita Mojtahedzadeh
- Department of E-learning in Medical Education, Virtual School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Rita Mojtahedzadeh, Department of E-learning in Medical Education, Virtual School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2188978088, Fax: +98-2188969594, E-mail:
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Faessler L, Perrig-Chiello P, Mueller B, Schuetz P. Psychological distress in medical patients seeking ED care for somatic reasons: results of a systematic literature review. Emerg Med J 2015; 33:581-7. [PMID: 26362580 DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2014-204426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic literature review is to investigate (A) currently used instruments for assessing psychological distress, (B) the prevalence of psychological distress in medical emergency department (ED) patients with acute somatic conditions and (C) empirical evidence on how predictors are associated with psychological distress. METHODS We conducted an electronic literature search using three databases to identify studies that used validated instruments for detection of psychological distress in adult patients presented to the ED with somatic (non-psychiatric) complaints. From a total of 1688 potential articles, 18 studies were selected for in-depth review. RESULTS A total of 13 instruments have been applied for assessment of distress including screening questionnaires and briefly structured clinical interviews. Using these instruments, the prevalence of psychological distress detected in medical ED patients was between 4% and 47%. Psychological distress in general and particularly depression and anxiety have been found to be associated with demographic factors (eg, female gender, middle age) and illness-related variables (eg, urgency of triage category). Some studies reported that coexisting psychological distress of medical patients identified in the ED was associated with physical and psychological health status after ED discharge. Importantly, during routine clinical care, only few patients with psychological distress were diagnosed by their treating physicians. CONCLUSIONS There is strong evidence that psychological distress is an important and prevalent cofactor in medically ill patients presenting to the ED with harmful associations with (subjective) health outcomes. To prove causality, future research should investigate whether screening and lowering psychological distress with specific interventions would result in better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Faessler
- Institute of Psychology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland Medical University Department Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | | | - Beat Mueller
- Medical University Department Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schuetz
- Medical University Department Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
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Mental and Physical Symptoms of Female Rural Workers: Relation between Household and Rural Work. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:11037-49. [PMID: 26371018 PMCID: PMC4586660 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120911037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relations among mental disorders, physical discomfort, household work and farm work among women. We conducted a cross-sectional study based on the administration of a structured questionnaire to 182 female farm workers. The data were analyzed by means of Poisson regression, where the significance level was set to 5%. Results indicated that 111 (61%) participants reported work-related mental disorders and physical discomfort was reported by 160 (87.9%). The participants with mental disorders and at least moderate levels of physical discomfort reported significantly higher levels of physical demand, time working (temporal demand), total effort and frustration with regard to farm work, in addition to significantly higher levels of frustration with regard to housework. Women with moderate or greater levels of both physical discomfort and frustration with farm work increased the chances of mental disorders. The results illustrate the complex challenge for health professionals in caring for women with mental disorders and physical discomforts related to their farm work, in the context of both the farm and domestic work demands these workers experience.
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50
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Pontt JL, Rowlands AV, Dollman J. Comparison of sedentary behaviours among rural men working in offices and on farms. Aust J Rural Health 2015; 23:74-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L. Pontt
- Exercise for Health and Human Performance Group; School of Health Sciences; University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Alex V. Rowlands
- Exercise for Health and Human Performance Group; School of Health Sciences; University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - James Dollman
- Exercise for Health and Human Performance Group; School of Health Sciences; University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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