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Yang R, Wu X, Gounni AS, Xie J. Mucus hypersecretion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: From molecular mechanisms to treatment. J Transl Int Med 2023; 11:312-315. [PMID: 38130649 PMCID: PMC10732574 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2023-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan NO. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Abdelilah Soussi Gounni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, ManitobaR3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Jungang Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, Hubei Province, China
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2
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Ryu G, Lee E, Park SI, Park M, Hong SD, Jung YG, Kim HY. The Mechanism of Action and Clinical Efficacy of Low-Dose Long-Term Macrolide Therapy in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119489. [PMID: 37298439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Various chronic inflammatory airway diseases can be treated with low-dose, long-term (LDLT) macrolide therapy. LDLT macrolides can be one of the therapeutic options for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) due to their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions. Currently, various immunomodulatory mechanisms of the LDLT macrolide treatment have been reported, as well as their antimicrobial properties. Several mechanisms have already been identified in CRS, including reduced cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, inhibition of neutrophil recruitment, decreased mucus secretion, and increased mucociliary transport. Although some evidence of effectiveness for CRS has been published, the efficacy of this therapy has been inconsistent across clinical studies. LDLT macrolides are generally believed to act on the non-type 2 inflammatory endotype of CRS. However, the effectiveness of LDLT macrolide treatment in CRS is still controversial. Here, we reviewed the immunological mechanisms related to CRS in LDLT macrolide therapy and the treatment effects according to the clinical situation of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwanghui Ryu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyu Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Song I Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang 10380, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhae Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Duk Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Gi Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Yeol Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
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3
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Yazdanian M, Barzegar PEF, Ranjbar R, Tahmasebi E, Tebyaniyan H, Barzegar KEF, Hayati FZ, Farjanikish G. The comparative effects of erythromycin and amikacin on acute respiratory Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:867-875. [PMID: 36318447 PMCID: PMC10029875 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most common causes of pneumonia is Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). As with other microbial pathogens, this bacterium tends to develop resistance to various antibiotics. Amikacin and erythromycin, which are from the aminoglycoside and macrolide antibiotic families, are used to treat respiratory infections caused by P. aeruginosa. OBJECTIVES This study explored whether amikacin, erythromycin or a combination of both works better against P. aeruginosa acute lung infection. METHODS For this study, 32 rats were used. The trachea of rats was exposed aseptically and their lung was infected with P. aeruginosa through trachea. Then, according to the group, they received amikacin, erythromycin or a combination of both for 1 week. Finally, they were euthanised on the 3rd and 7th days post-infection. The macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of the lungs, kidney and liver were performed. The right lung was collected for in vivo bacteriological analysis. RESULTS The amikacin group (A group) had a statistically significantly lower macroscopic and microscopic scores than the other groups (p < 0.05). In vivo bacteriological test revealed that the A group had significantly lower lung bacterial load (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In summary, it was concluded that amikacin could help alleviate the respiratory infection caused by P. aeruginosa solely, and it was more effective than erythromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Yazdanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Ranjbar
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Dentistry, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Tahmasebi
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Farhad Zadeh Hayati
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ghasem Farjanikish
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
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4
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Jain S, Durugkar S, Saha P, Gokhale SB, Naidu VGM, Sharma P. Effects of intranasal azithromycin on features of cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 915:174467. [PMID: 34478690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the result of exaggerated airway fibrosis and obliteration of the small airways due to persistent inflammation, and an impaired anti-oxidant response. EMT has been implicated as an active signalling process in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung pathology, and macrolide Azithromycin (AZT) use has gained interest in treating COPD. Here, we tested effectiveness of intra-nasal AZT alone and in combination with dexamethasone (DEX) on CS-induced acute lung inflammation. Human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) were treated with CS extract (CSE) for 48 h, and male Balb/c mice were exposed to CS (3 cigarettes-3 times/day) for 4 days. The effects of AZT alone (0.25 and 1.25 μM, in vitro; 0.5 and 5 mg/kg, in vivo) or in combination with DEX (1 μM, in vitro; 1 mg/kg, in vivo) on CS-induced cellular cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and lung function were assessed. AZT alone and in combination with DEX significantly inhibited the CS (E)-induced expression of mesenchymal protein markers and the regulatory protein β-catenin. Furthermore, AZT by itself or in combination with DEX significantly suppressed CS-induced expression of the proinflammtory cytokines TNFα, IL1β and IL6 and prevented pNFkB. Mechanistically, AZT restored the CS-induced reduction in anti-oxidant transcription factor NRF2 and upregulated HDAC2 levels, thereby repressing inflammatory gene expression. Beneficial effects of AZT functionally translated in improved lung mechanics in vivo. Further preclinical and clinical studies are warranted to fully establish and validate the therapeutic efficacy of AZT as a mono- or combination therapy for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi Jain
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila Village, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Sneha Durugkar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila Village, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Pritam Saha
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila Village, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Sharad B Gokhale
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Amingaon, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila Village, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India.
| | - Pawan Sharma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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5
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Cao X, Coyle JP, Xiong R, Wang Y, Heflich RH, Ren B, Gwinn WM, Hayden P, Rojanasakul L. Invited review: human air-liquid-interface organotypic airway tissue models derived from primary tracheobronchial epithelial cells-overview and perspectives. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 57:104-132. [PMID: 33175307 PMCID: PMC7657088 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lung is an organ that is directly exposed to the external environment. Given the large surface area and extensive ventilation of the lung, it is prone to exposure to airborne substances, such as pathogens, allergens, chemicals, and particulate matter. Highly elaborate and effective mechanisms have evolved to protect and maintain homeostasis in the lung. Despite these sophisticated defense mechanisms, the respiratory system remains highly susceptible to environmental challenges. Because of the impact of respiratory exposure on human health and disease, there has been considerable interest in developing reliable and predictive in vitro model systems for respiratory toxicology and basic research. Human air-liquid-interface (ALI) organotypic airway tissue models derived from primary tracheobronchial epithelial cells have in vivo–like structure and functions when they are fully differentiated. The presence of the air-facing surface allows conducting in vitro exposures that mimic human respiratory exposures. Exposures can be conducted using particulates, aerosols, gases, vapors generated from volatile and semi-volatile substances, and respiratory pathogens. Toxicity data have been generated using nanomaterials, cigarette smoke, e-cigarette vapors, environmental airborne chemicals, drugs given by inhalation, and respiratory viruses and bacteria. Although toxicity evaluations using human airway ALI models require further standardization and validation, this approach shows promise in supplementing or replacing in vivo animal models for conducting research on respiratory toxicants and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Cao
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., AR, Jefferson, USA.
| | - Jayme P Coyle
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Rui Xiong
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., AR, Jefferson, USA
| | - Yiying Wang
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., AR, Jefferson, USA
| | - Robert H Heflich
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., AR, Jefferson, USA
| | - Baiping Ren
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., AR, Jefferson, USA
| | - William M Gwinn
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Liying Rojanasakul
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
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6
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Li X, Jin F, Lee HJ, Lee CJ. Recent Advances in the Development of Novel Drug Candidates for Regulating the Secretion of Pulmonary Mucus. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:293-301. [PMID: 32133827 PMCID: PMC7327140 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypersecretion of pulmonary mucus is a major pathophysiological feature in allergic and inflammatory respiratory diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Overproduction and/or oversecretion of mucus cause the airway obstruction and the colonization of pathogenic microbes. Developing a novel pharmacological agent to regulate the production and/or secretion of pulmonary mucus can be a useful strategy for the effective management of pathologic hypersecretion of mucus observed in COPD and asthma. Thus, in the present review, we tried to give an overview of the conventional pharmacotherapy for mucus-hypersecretory diseases and recent research results on searching for the novel candidate agents for controlling of pulmonary mucus hypersecretion, aiming to shed light on the potential efficacious pharmacotherapy of mucus-hypersecretory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Fengri Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Smith Liberal Arts College and Department of Addiction Science, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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7
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Martínez-Cortés I, Acevedo-Domínguez NA, Olguin-Alor R, Cortés-Hernández A, Álvarez-Jiménez V, Campillo-Navarro M, Sumano-López HS, Gutiérrez-Olvera L, Martínez-Gómez D, Maravillas-Montero JL, Loor JJ, García-Zepeda EA, Soldevila G. Tilmicosin modulates the innate immune response and preserves casein production in bovine mammary alveolar cells during Staphylococcus aureus infection. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:644-656. [PMID: 30517644 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tilmicosin is an antimicrobial agent used to treat intramammary infections against Staphylococcus aureus and has clinical anti-inflammatory effects. However, the mechanism by which it modulates the inflammatory process in the mammary gland is unknown. We evaluated the effect of tilmicosin treatment on the modulation of the mammary innate immune response after S. aureus infection and its effect on casein production in mammary epithelial cells. To achieve this goal, we used immortalized mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T), pretreated for 12 h or treated with tilmicosin after infection with S. aureus (ATCC 27543). Our data showed that tilmicosin decreases intracellular infection (P < 0.01) and had a protective effect on MAC-T reducing apoptosis after infection by 80% (P < 0.01). Furthermore, tilmicosin reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) (P < 0.01), IL-1β (P < 0.01), IL-6 (P < 0.01), and TNF-α (P < 0.05) production. In an attempt to investigate the signaling pathways involved in the immunomodulatory effect of tilmicosin, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation was measured by fluorescent-activated cell sorting. Pretreatment with tilmicosin increased ERK1/2 (P < 0.05) but decreased P38 phosphorylation (P < 0.01). In addition, the anti-inflammatory effect of tilmicosin helped to preserve casein synthesis in mammary epithelial cells (P < 0.01). This result indicates that tilmicosin could be an effective modulator inflammation in the mammary gland. Through regulation of MAPK phosphorylation, ROS production and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion tilmicosin can provide protection from cellular damage due to S. aureus infection and help to maintain normal physiological functions of the bovine mammary epithelial cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Martínez-Cortés
- Chemokine Biology Research Laboratory, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Naray A Acevedo-Domínguez
- Chemokine Biology Research Laboratory, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Roxana Olguin-Alor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Arimelek Cortés-Hernández
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Violeta Álvarez-Jiménez
- Chemokine Biology Research Laboratory, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcia Campillo-Navarro
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Integrativa-INER, Ismael Cosio Villegas. Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics-University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Eduardo A García-Zepeda
- Chemokine Biology Research Laboratory, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gloria Soldevila
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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8
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Wakayama N, Matsune S, Takahara E, Sekine K, Yoshioka Y, Ishida M, Yamaguchi S, Okubo K, Sunazuka T, Ōmura S. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of EM900 on Cultured Human Nasal Epithelial Cells. J NIPPON MED SCH 2019; 85:265-270. [PMID: 30464143 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2018_85-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Macrolide therapy is an important conservative therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis, especially in Japan. The mechanism underlying this therapy involves anti-inflammatory and not antimicrobial activity. However, the administration of long-term low-dose macrolides (LTLMs) causes an increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. EM900 is a derivative of erythromycin (EM), with anti-inflammatory but not antibacterial effects. It does not induce macrolide-resistant bacteria as shown by LTLM. In the present study, we analyzed the inhibitory effects of EM900 in comparison with those of clarithromycin (CAM) on inflammatory cytokine production in human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs). METHODS After HNEpCs were cultured for 4 days, CAM or EM900 was added into the culture, followed by stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Interleukin (IL)-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Both the ELISA and RT-PCR showed that EM900 and CAM significantly inhibited IL-8 production in HNEpCs. In contrast, EM900 and CAM did not suppress the increased VEGF production when HNEpCs were stimulated with TNF-α. CONCLUSION EM900 showed an anti-inflammatory effect, such as that of CAM, due to the inhibitory effect on IL-8 production in HNEpCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Wakayama
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital
| | - Shoji Matsune
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital
| | - Eriko Takahara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital
| | - Kuwon Sekine
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital
| | - Yuma Yoshioka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital
| | - Mariko Ishida
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital
| | - Kimihiro Okubo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, Head and Neck Surgery
| | | | - Satoshi Ōmura
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University
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9
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Feng F, Du J, Meng Y, Guo F, Feng C. Louqin Zhisou Decoction Inhibits Mucus Hypersecretion for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Rats by Suppressing EGFR-PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway and Restoring Th17/Treg Balance. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:6471815. [PMID: 30800170 PMCID: PMC6360623 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6471815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Airway mucus hypersecretion is the main pathogenic factor in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and the control of mucus secretion is closely associated with survival. Louqin Zhisou decoction (LQZS) has been found to improve lung function and reduce sputum in AECOPD patients, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of LQZS against mucus hypersecretion in lung tissues of rat AECOPD model. Wistar rats were used to establish AECOPD model by intratracheal instillation of LPS in combination with the continuous cigarette smoking. Rats were administrated LQZS/clarithromycin (CAM)/distilled water via gavage every day and all rats were sacrificed after 30 days. BALF and lung tissues were obtained. Lung morphology, cytokines levels, MUC5AC mRNA transcription and protein expression, phosphorylation of the EGFR-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and molecules involved in Th17/Treg balance were evaluated. The results demonstrated that LQZS protected rats from decline in pulmonary function and ameliorated lung injury. LQZS treatment decreased the number of goblet cells in airway and suppressed MUC5AC mRNA and protein expression of lung tissues. Furthermore, LQZS attenuated the level of phospho-EGFR, phospho-PI3K and phospho-AKT in AECOPD rats. In addition, LQZS could inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines in BALF, including IL-6 and IL-17A and downregulate the secretion of NE and MCP-1, indicating that LQZS could limit inflammatory responses in AECOPD. Moreover, LQZS reversed RORγt and Foxp3 expression, the key transcription factors of Th17 and Treg, respectively. In conclusion, this research demonstrated the inhibitory effects of LQZS against mucus hypersecretion in AECOPD via suppressing EGFR-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and restoring Th17/Treg balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Feng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jianchao Du
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shunyi Branch, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Yufeng Meng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Cuiling Feng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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10
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Clarithromycin Suppresses Chloride Channel Accessory 1 and Inhibits Interleukin-13-Induced Goblet Cell Hyperplasia in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:6585-6590. [PMID: 27550358 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01327-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the interleukin-13 (IL-13) receptor leads to signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) activation and subsequent induction of SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF) and chloride channel accessory 1 (CLCA1), increasing secretion of the gel-forming mucin MUC5AC. Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) also leads to MUC5AC production via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). We examined the effect of clarithromycin IL-13 signaling leading to production. Normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were grown for 14 days at an air-liquid interface (ALI) with IL-13 and/or clarithromycin. Histochemical analysis was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and MUC5AC immunostaining. MUC5AC, SPDEF, and CLCA1 mRNA expression were evaluated by real-time PCR. Western analysis was used to assess phosphorylation of STAT6 and ERK1/2. Clarithromycin decreased IL-13-induced goblet cell hyperplasia and MUC5AC mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. Clarithromycin decreased IL-13-stimulated SPDEF and CLCA1 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner, and at 32 μg/ml CLCA1 was profoundly decreased (P < 0.001). Although clarithromycin had no effect on STAT6 phosphorylation induced by IL-13, it decreased constitutive phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (P < 0.05).
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11
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Mertens TCJ, Hiemstra PS, Taube C. Azithromycin differentially affects the IL-13-induced expression profile in human bronchial epithelial cells. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016; 39:14-20. [PMID: 27246785 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine interleukin(IL)-13 is a central regulator in goblet cell metaplasia and induces the recently described Th2 gene signature consisting of periostin (POSTN), chloride channel regulator 1 (CLCA1) and serpin B2 (SERPINB2) in airway epithelial cells. This Th2 gene signature has been proposed as a biomarker to classify asthma into Th2-high and Th2-low phenotypes. Clinical studies have shown that the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin reduced clinical symptoms in neutrophilic asthma, but not in the classical Th2-mediated asthma despite the ability of azithromycin to reduce IL-13-induced mucus production. We therefore hypothesize that azithromycin differentially affects the IL-13-induced expression profile. To investigate this, we focus on IL-13-induced mucin and Th2-signature expression in human bronchial epithelial cells and how this combined expression profile is affected by azithromycin treatment. Primary bronchial epithelial cells were differentiated at air liquid interface in presence of IL-13 with or without azithromycin. Azithromycin inhibited IL-13-induced MUC5AC, which was accompanied by inhibition of IL-13-induced CLCA1 and SERPINB2 expression. In contrast, IL-13-induced expression of POSTN was further increased in cells treated with azithromycin. This indicates that azithromycin has a differential effect on the IL-13-induced Th2 gene signature. Furthermore, the ability of azithromycin to decrease IL-13-induced MUC5AC expression may be mediated by a reduction in CLCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinne C J Mertens
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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Luo Q, Zhang J, Wang H, Chen F, Luo X, Miao B, Wu X, Ma R, Luo X, Xu G, Shi J, Li H. Expression and Regulation of Transcription Factor FoxA2 in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With and Without Nasal Polyps. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015; 7:458-66. [PMID: 25749777 PMCID: PMC4509658 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2015.7.5.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by the excessive production of mucus. However, the molecular mechanism underlying mucin overproduction in CRS with or without nasal polyps (CRSwNP and CRSsNP, respectively) is poorly understood. This study was conducted to assess the importance of the transcription factor FoxA2 in mucin production and to investigate the targeting of FoxA2 as a potential therapeutic strategy for mucus hypersecretion in CRS patients. Methods We enrolled 15 CRSwNP patients, 15 CRSsNP patients, and 10 normal controls in this study. The expression levels of FoxA2, MUC5AC, and MUC5B in inflamed and healthy nasal tissues were examined via immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and the levels of several proinflammatory cytokines in nasal secretions were measured via FlowCytomix analysis. In addition, the expression of MUC5AC and FoxA2 was determined in polyp-derived epithelial cells and NCI-H292 cells after in vitro stimulation. Results FoxA2 was significantly down-regulated, and MUC5AC and MUC5B were significantly up-regulated in both the CRSwNP and CRSsNP patients compared to the controls (P<0.05), and the protein level of FoxA2 was negatively associated with the IL-6 level in the CRS patients (P<0.05). IL-6 significantly increased MUC5AC expression but inhibited FoxA2 expression in vitro (P<0.05). Transfection with a FoxA2 expression plasmid significantly decreased MUC5AC promoter activity (P<0.05) and inhibited IL-6-induced MUC5AC production (P<0.05). In addition, clarithromycin significantly alleviated IL-6-induced FoxA2 suppression and decreased MUC5AC expression in vitro (P<0.05). Conclusions Our findings suggest that FoxA2 may be considered a therapeutic target for the modulation of mucus hypersecretion in CRS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Luo
- Allergy Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.; Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Allergy Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongtian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fenghong Chen
- Allergy Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Allergy Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Beiping Miao
- Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingmei Wu
- Allergy Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renqiang Ma
- Allergy Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangqian Luo
- Allergy Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geng Xu
- Allergy Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- Allergy Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huabin Li
- Allergy Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Gao FS, Cao TM, Gao YY, Liu MJ, Liu YQ, Wang Z. Effects of chronic exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus on epidermal growth factor receptor expression in the airway epithelial cells of asthmatic rats. Exp Lung Res 2014; 40:298-307. [PMID: 24927409 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2014.918212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies suggest that increased concentrations of airborne spores of Aspergillus fumigatus closely relate to asthma aggravation. Chronic exposure to A. fumigatus aggravates airway inflammation, remodeling, and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic rats. The effects of chronic exposure to A. fumigatus on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in the airway epithelial cells of asthmatic rats remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to A. fumigatus on injury and shedding of airway epithelium, goblet cell metaplasia, and EGFR expression in the airway epithelial cells of asthmatic rats. A rat model of chronic asthma was established using ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge. Rats with chronic asthma were then exposed to long-term inhalation of spores of A. fumigatus, and the dynamic changes in injury and shedding of airway epithelium, goblet cell metaplasia, and EGFR expression were observed and analyzed. Chronic exposure to A. fumigatus could aggravate airway epithelial cell damage, upregulate the expression of EGFR and its ligands EGF and TGF-α, promote goblet cell metaplasia, and increase airway responsiveness in rats with asthma. Chronic exposure to A. fumigatus upregulates the expression of EGFR and its ligands in asthmatic rats. The EGFR pathway may play a role in asthma aggravation induced by exposure to A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Sheng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
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Martin C, Frija-Masson J, Burgel PR. Targeting Mucus Hypersecretion: New Therapeutic Opportunities for COPD? Drugs 2014; 74:1073-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s40265-014-0235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Dong S, Zhong Y, Yang K, Xiong X, Mao B. Intervention effect and dose-dependent response of tanreqing injection on airway inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced rats. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2014; 33:505-12. [PMID: 24187873 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(13)60156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of Tanreqing injection on airway inflammation in rats. METHODS A rat model of airway inflammation was generated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Tanreqing injection was given by intratracheal instillation, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the right lung was collected. BALF total cell and neutrophil counts were then determined. In addition, BALF levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-13, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoat-tractant-1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The middle lobe of the right lung was stained with hematoxylin-eosin and histological changes examined. RESULTS LPS increased airway inflammation, decreased BALF inflammatory cell count, inflammatory cytokine levels, and suppressed leukocyte influx of the lung. The LPS-induced airway inflammation peaked at 24 h, decreased beginning at 48 h, and had decreased markedly by 96 h. CONCLUSION Tanreqing injection contains anti-inflammatory properties, and inhibits airway inflammation in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujin Dong
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Padoan E, Ferraresso S, Pegolo S, Castagnaro M, Barnini C, Bargelloni L. Real time RT-PCR analysis of inflammatory mediator expression in recurrent airway obstruction-affected horses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 156:190-9. [PMID: 24176614 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to investigate mRNA expression levels of several cytokines and inflammatory mediators in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and respiratory epithelium in recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)-affected horses. RAO, also called heaves, is a common, performance-limiting, equine respiratory disease with clinical signs and pathophysiological similarities to human asthma, and characterized by bronchospasm, neutrophilic infiltration and increased mucus in the airways. Six RAO-affected horses were examined twice within 15 days and seven clinically healthy horses were examined for comparison. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to assess mRNA expression of the inflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IL-17, TNFα, INFγ, TGFβ1, NFκ-β and TRL4 in bronchial biopsies and in BAL fluid. Gene expression levels were then compared with clinical signs, endoscopic examination, complete blood cell count, cytology of BAL fluid, histological examination of bronchial tissue and bacteriological and mycological examinations. Expression of IL1β, IL8, TLR4, TNFα, TGFβ1 and NFkβ transcripts was significantly up-regulated in RAO-affected compared to healthy horses. A similar trend, albeit not significant, was showed for IL17 and INFγ. A highly significant correlation was observed among IL-1β, IL8, TGFβ1, NFkβ, TRL4, and INFγ expression patterns as well as between expression levels of these genes and clinical parameters. In the present study, the comparison between clinically healthy and RAO-affected horses gave new insights on the cytokine expression in equine health and disease status. The identification of cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of RAO may contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Padoan
- Equine Patavium Hospital, via G.Trieste n 21, Limena, PD, Italy; Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padua, Viale dell'Universita' 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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Effets immunomodulateurs des macrolides au cours des pathologies respiratoires chroniques. MEDECINE INTENSIVE REANIMATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13546-012-0639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Er A, Yazar E. Effects of tylosin, tilmicosin and tulathromycin on inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury. Acta Vet Hung 2012; 60:465-76. [PMID: 23160029 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2012.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of macrolides through kinetic parameters in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury. Rats were divided into four groups: lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS + tylosin, LPS + tilmicosin and LPS + tulathromycin. BALF samples were collected at sampling times. TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2α (PGM) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analysed. Area under the curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) values of inflammatory mediators were determined by a pharmacokinetic computer programme. When inflammatory mediator concentrations were compared between the LPS group and other groups for each sampling time, the three macrolides had no pronounced depressor effect on cytokine levels, but they depressed PGM and CRP levels. In addition, tylosin and tilmicosin decreased the AUC0-24 level of TNF, while tilmicosin decreased the AUC0-24 level of IL-10. Tylosin and tulathromycin decreased the AUC0-24 of PGM, and all three macrolides decreased the AUC0-24 of CRP. Especially tylosin and tulathromycin may have more expressed anti-inflammatory effects than tilmicosin, via depressing the production of inflammatory mediators in the lung. The AUC may be used for determining the effects of drugs on inflammation. In this study, the antiinflammatory effects of these antibiotics were evaluated with kinetic parameters as a new and different approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Er
- 1 University of Selcuk, Campus Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 42075 Konya Turkey
| | - Enver Yazar
- 1 University of Selcuk, Campus Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 42075 Konya Turkey
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PPARγ as a Potential Target to Treat Airway Mucus Hypersecretion in Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases. PPAR Res 2012; 2012:256874. [PMID: 22761606 PMCID: PMC3385647 DOI: 10.1155/2012/256874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway mucus hypersecretion (AMH) is a key pathophysiological feature of chronic airway inflammatory diseases such as bronchial asthma, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AMH contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic airway inflammatory diseases, and it is associated with reduced lung function and high rates of hospitalization and mortality. It has been suggested that AMH should be a target in the treatment of chronic airway inflammatory diseases. Recent evidence suggests that a key regulator of airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. PPARγ is expressed in structural, immune, and inflammatory cells in the lung. PPARγ is involved in mucin production, and PPARγ agonists can inhibit mucin synthesis both in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that PPARγ is a novel target in the treatment of AMH and that further work on this transcription factor may lead to new therapies for chronic airway inflammatory diseases.
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Effects of a tumor necrosis factor-α antagonist on experimentally induced rhinosinusitis. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:360457. [PMID: 21772791 PMCID: PMC3134387 DOI: 10.1155/2011/360457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective, randomized, and controlled study examined the effects of tumor necrosis factor soluble receptor type I (sTNFRI, a TNF-α antagonist) on experimentally induced rhinosinusitis in rats. The experimental groups received an instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus an intramuscular injection of amoxicillin/clavulanate (antibiotic group), an instillation of sTNFRI (sTNFRI group), an instillation of sTNFRI and an injection of amoxicillin/clavulanate (sTNFRI/antibiotic group), or no additional treatment (LPS group). Histopathological changes were determined using hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. Leakage of exudate was determined using fluorescence microscopy. Vascular permeability was measured using the Evans blue dye technique. Expression of MUC5AC was measured using reverse transcriptase PCR. The sTNFRI, antibiotic, and sTNFRI/antibiotic groups had significantly less capillary permeability, mucosal edema, PAS staining, and expression of MUC5AC than the LPS group. There were no differences in capillary permeability, mucosal edema, PAS staining, and MUC5AC expression between the sTNFRI and sTNFRI/antibiotic groups. The antibiotic group had PAS staining similar to that of the sTNFRI and sTNFRI/antibiotic groups but had a greater increase in capillary permeability, mucosal edema, and MUC5AC expression. This study shows that sTNFRI reduces inflammatory activity and mucus hypersecretion in LPS-induced rhinosinusitis in rats.
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Tanabe T, Kanoh S, Tsushima K, Yamazaki Y, Kubo K, Rubin BK. Clarithromycin inhibits interleukin-13-induced goblet cell hyperplasia in human airway cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 45:1075-83. [PMID: 21642590 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0327oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-13 is a T-helper class 2 cytokine that induces goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus production in airway epithelial cells. Because macrolide antibiotics are known to have immunomodulatory and mucoregulatory properties, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of clarithromycin on IL-13-induced goblet cell hyperplasia and mucin hypersecretion in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells. NHBE cells were cultured to differentiation at an air-liquid interface with IL-13 plus clarithromycin or vehicle. Histochemical analysis was performed using H&E staining, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, and MUC5AC immunostaining. MUC5AC synthesis was assayed using RT-PCR and ELISA. Western blotting was used to evaluate signaling pathways. IL-13 significantly increased the number of PAS-positive, MUC5AC-positive goblet cells, and this was significantly attenuated by clarithromycin at concentrations greater than 8 μg/ml (P < 0.01). Clarithromycin also dose-dependently decreased MUC5AC mRNA expression induced by IL-13 (P < 0.001), and, at 24 μg/ml, clarithromycin significantly attenuated the amount of MUC5AC protein in cell supernatants (P < 0.01). Western blotting showed that clarithromycin affected IL-13 receptor janus kinase signal transducers, activators of transcription6 (STAT6), and epidermal growth factor receptor mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and that inhibition of these pathways by clarithromycin decreased goblet cell hyperplasia via nuclear factor-κB inactivation. We conclude that clarithromycin inhibits goblet cell hyperplasia and may directly regulate mucus secretion by IL-13 in NHBE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Tanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, 23298, USA
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Park HH, Park IH, Cho JS, Lee YM, Lee HM. The effect of macrolides on myofibroblast differentiation and collagen production in nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2011; 24:348-53. [PMID: 21244734 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2010.24.3520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrolides are known to have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and tissue reparative effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of macrolides (erythromycin [EM] and roxithromycin [RXM]) on the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix accumulation in transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1-induced nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs) and to determine if NADPH oxidase (Nox) 4 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the aforementioned processes. METHODS Nasal polyps of six patients (three women and three men; 32.3 ± 5.2 years of age) were acquired during surgery and NPDFs were isolated from surgical tissues. NPDFs were pretreated with macrolides for 2 hours before differentiation induction by TGF-beta1. The mRNA expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), collagen types I and III, and Nox4 were determined by reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and the expression of alpha-SMA protein was determined by immunocytochemical staining. The amount of total collagen production was analyzed by SirCol collagen dye-binding assay. ROS activity was measured by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay and was visualized by fluorescent microscopy. RESULTS In TGF-beta1-induced NPDFs, EM, and RXM significantly inhibited expressions of alpha-SMA and collagen types I and III mRNA and reduced alpha-SMA and collagen protein levels at concentrations of 5 and 10 μg/mL. EM and RXM also inhibited TGF-β1-induced ROS production and Nox4 mRNA expression at the same concentrations. CONCLUSION These results suggest the possibility that EM and RXM may play an important role in inhibiting the development of nasal polyps through their antioxidant effect.
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Bosnar M, Čužić S, Bošnjak B, Nujić K, Ergović G, Marjanović N, Pašalić I, Hrvačić B, Polančec D, Glojnarić I, Haber VE. Azithromycin inhibits macrophage interleukin-1β production through inhibition of activator protein-1 in lipopolysaccharide-induced murine pulmonary neutrophilia. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:424-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Anti-Inflammatory benefits of antibiotic-induced neutrophil apoptosis: tulathromycin induces caspase-3-dependent neutrophil programmed cell death and inhibits NF-kappaB signaling and CXCL8 transcription. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 55:338-48. [PMID: 20956586 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01052-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Clearance of apoptotic neutrophils is a central feature of the resolution of inflammation. Findings indicate that immuno-modulation and induction of neutrophil apoptosis by macrolide antibiotics generate anti-inflammatory benefits via mechanisms that remain obscure. Tulathromycin (TUL), a new antimicrobial agent for bovine respiratory disease, offers superior clinical efficacy for reasons not fully understood. The aim of this study was to identify the immuno-modulating effects of tulathromycin and, in this process, to establish tulathromycin as a new model for characterizing the novel anti-inflammatory properties of antibiotics. Bronchoalveolar lavage specimens were collected from Holstein calves 3 and 24 h postinfection, challenged intratracheally with live Mannheimia haemolytica (2 × 10(7) CFU), and treated with vehicle or tulathromycin (2.5 mg/kg body weight). Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that tulathromycin treatment significantly increased leukocyte apoptosis and reduced levels of proinflammatory leukotriene B(4) in M. haemolytica-challenged calves. In vitro, tulathromycin concentration dependently induced apoptosis in freshly isolated bovine neutrophils from healthy steers in a capase-3-dependent manner but failed to induce apoptosis in bovine fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells, as well as freshly isolated bovine blood monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. The proapoptotic effects of TUL were also, in part, drug specific; equimolar concentrations of penicillin G, oxytetracycline, and ceftiofur failed to cause apoptosis in bovine neutrophils. In addition, tulathromycin significantly reduced levels of phosphorylated IκBα, nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, and mRNA levels of proinflammatory interleukin-8 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bovine neutrophils. The findings illustrate novel mechanisms through which tulathromycin confers anti-inflammatory benefits.
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Mechanisms of action and clinical application of macrolides as immunomodulatory medications. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010; 23:590-615. [PMID: 20610825 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00078-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrolides have diverse biological activities and an ability to modulate inflammation and immunity in eukaryotes without affecting homeostatic immunity. These properties have led to their long-term use in treating neutrophil-dominated inflammation in diffuse panbronchiolitis, bronchiectasis, rhinosinusitis, and cystic fibrosis. These immunomodulatory activities appear to be polymodal, but evidence suggests that many of these effects are due to inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation. Macrolides accumulate within cells, suggesting that they may associate with receptors or carriers responsible for the regulation of cell cycle and immunity. A concern is that long-term use of macrolides increases the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Nonantimicrobial macrolides are now in development as potential immunomodulatory therapies.
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Araki N, Yanagihara K, Morinaga Y, Yamada K, Nakamura S, Yamada Y, Kohno S, Kamihira S. Azithromycin inhibits nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-induced MUC5AC expression and secretion via inhibition of activator protein-1 in human airway epithelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 644:209-14. [PMID: 20619258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is one of the most common pathogens in chronic airway infections and exacerbation. The hallmark of chronic respiratory diseases, including cystic fibrosis, diffuse panbronchiolitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is mucin overproduction. Prolonged macrolide antibiotic therapy at low doses is known to improve clinical outcome in patients with chronic respiratory diseases via anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of macrolide therapy on NTHi-induction of the MUC5AC mucin in human airway epithelial cells. A 15-membered macrolide, azithromycin, but not a 14-membered macrolide, clarithromycin, inhibited NTHi-induction of MUC5AC at both the mRNA and protein levels through selective suppression of activation of the transcription factor activator protein-1. Our findings suggest that each macrolide affects MUC5AC production in different ways and that azithromycin is more suitable for the treatment of NTHi-induced respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Araki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Rojas-Rivera J, De La Piedra C, Ramos A, Ortiz A, Egido J. The expanding spectrum of biological actions of vitamin D. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25:2850-65. [PMID: 20525641 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rojas-Rivera
- IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology and Vascular Pathology, Madrid, Spain.
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Er A, Yazar E, Uney K, Elmas M, Altan F, Cetin G. Effects of tylosin on serum cytokine levels in healthy and lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. Acta Vet Hung 2010; 58:75-81. [PMID: 20159741 DOI: 10.1556/avet.58.2010.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of different doses of tylosin on serum cytokine concentrations were investigated in healthy and lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. The mice were divided into seven groups. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected into the positive control group. The other six groups received three different tylosin doses concurrently without or with LPS: 10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg + LPS, 100 mg/kg + LPS and 500 mg/kg + LPS. After treatment, serum samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours. Serum tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin 1beta (IL1beta) and IL10 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tylosin doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg induced no cytokine production in the healthy mice. Tylosin at 500 mg/kg had no effect on TNFalpha or IL1beta production, but it induced IL10 production in healthy mice. All doses of tylosin reduced the elevated TNFalpha and IL1beta in LPS-treated mice but increased their IL10 levels. In conclusion, these data suggest that tylosin has an immunomodulatory effect at the dose recommended for use against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Er
- 1 University of Selcuk Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 42031 Campus, Konya Turkey
| | - Enver Yazar
- 1 University of Selcuk Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 42031 Campus, Konya Turkey
| | - Kamil Uney
- 1 University of Selcuk Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 42031 Campus, Konya Turkey
| | - Muammer Elmas
- 1 University of Selcuk Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 42031 Campus, Konya Turkey
| | - Feray Altan
- 2 University of Dicle Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Diyarbakir Turkey
| | - Gul Cetin
- 1 University of Selcuk Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 42031 Campus, Konya Turkey
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Murphy DM, Forrest IA, Curran D, Ward C. Macrolide antibiotics and the airway: antibiotic or non-antibiotic effects? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19:401-14. [DOI: 10.1517/13543781003636480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Nishimoto Y, Hisatsune A, Katsuki H, Miyata T, Yokomizo K, Isohama Y. Glycyrrhizin Attenuates Mucus Production by Inhibition of MUC5AC mRNA Expression In Vivo and In Vitro. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 113:76-83. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09344fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Bosnar M, Bošnjak B, Čužić S, Hrvačić B, Marjanović N, Glojnarić I, Čulić O, Parnham MJ, Haber VE. Azithromycin and Clarithromycin Inhibit Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Murine Pulmonary Neutrophilia Mainly through Effects on Macrophage-Derived Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Interleukin-1β. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 331:104-13. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.155838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Kolb MRJ, Yang I. Respirology year-in-review 2008: basic science. Respirology 2009; 14:318-26. [PMID: 19353767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01491.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin R J Kolb
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Serisier DJ, Carroll MP, Shute JK, Young SA. Macrorheology of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease & normal sputum. Respir Res 2009; 10:63. [PMID: 19580650 PMCID: PMC2712464 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-10-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prior microrheologic assessments of selected, microlitre plugs of cystic fibrosis (CF) sputum suggest no intrinsic rheologic abnormality. However, such analyses may not be representative of CF sputum as a whole. We therefore reassessed this question using whole sputum macrorheology. Additionally, we wished to further explore the relationships between sputum rheology, inflammation and infection. Methods Dynamic oscillatory macrorheometry was performed on whole expectorated sputum from stable adults with CF (n = 18) and COPD (n = 12) and induced sputum from normal controls (n = 7). Concomitant sputum inflammatory mediator levels were measured in CF and COPD samples. Sputum collected from CF subjects (n = 6) at commencement and completion of intravenous antibiotic therapy for an infective exacerbation was also assessed. Results CF sputum neutrophil elastase activity (NE) was significantly related to degree of sputum purulence (p = 0.049) and correlated significantly with measures of sputum viscoelasticity (r = 0.696, p = 0.008 for storage modulus G' at 9 Hz). There were significant differences in viscoelasticity between subject groups when samples were compared irrespective of appearance/degree of sputum purulence. However, the macrorheology of mucoid CF sputum did not differ from normal sputum (eg median (range) G' at 9 Hz 2.25 (0.79, 3.26) vs 2.04 (1.4,4.6) Pa, p = 1). In contrast, mucoid COPD samples demonstrated significantly greater viscoelasticity (G' at 9 Hz 4.5 (2.4, 23) Pa) than sputum from both CF (p = 0.048) & normal subjects (p = 0.009). Antibiotic therapy during exacerbations was associated with significant reductions in CF sputum viscoelasticity, with mean (SD) G' at 9 Hz decreasing from 28.5 (11.5) Pa at commencement to 6.4 (4.6) Pa on day 7 (p = 0.01). Conclusion The macrorheologic properties of whole, mucoid CF sputum are not different from normal, confirming the results of prior microrheologic studies. Instead, CF sputum viscoelasticity is related to secondary infection, decreases with intravenous antibiotic therapy and correlates with inflammation. In contrast, COPD sputum demonstrates inherently greater viscoelasticity, providing a novel target for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Serisier
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mater Adult Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
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Hrvacić B, Bosnjak B, Bosnar M, Ferencić Z, Glojnarić I, Eraković Haber V. Clarithromycin suppresses airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in mouse models of asthma. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 616:236-43. [PMID: 19560456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrolide antibiotics, a class of potent antimicrobials, also possess immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory properties. These properties are considered fundamental for the efficacy of macrolide antibiotics in the treatment of diffuse panbronchiolitis and cystic fibrosis. In patients with asthma, macrolide antibiotics have been reported to reduce airway hyperresponsiveness and improve pulmonary function. However, their beneficial actions in asthmatics possibly could be attributed to antimicrobial activity against atypical pathogens (e.g. Chlamydia pneumoniae), corticosteroid-sparing effect (inhibition of exogenous corticosteroid metabolism), and/or their anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory effects. In order to investigate whether efficacy of macrolide antibiotics in asthma results from their immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory activity, the influence of clarithromycin pretreatment (2 h before challenge) was examined on ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in the mouse. Clarithromycin treatment (200 mg/kg intraperitoneally) decreased IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, CXCL2 and CCL2 concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and markedly reduced inflammatory cell accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and into the lungs, as revealed by histopathological examination. Furthermore, clarithromycin-induced reduction in inflammation was accompanied by normalization of airway hyperresponsiveness. In summary, in ovalbumin-induced mouse models, clarithromycin efficiently inhibited two important pathological characteristics of asthma, airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. These data suggest that the efficacy of clarithromycin, as well as of other macrolide antibiotics, in asthmatic patients could be attributed to their anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory properties, and not only to their antimicrobial activity or exogenous corticosteroid-sparing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boska Hrvacić
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre Zagreb Limited, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Song KS, Kim HJ, Kim K, Lee JG, Yoon JH. Regulator of G-protein signaling 4 suppresses LPS-induced MUC5AC overproduction in the airway. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 41:40-9. [PMID: 19059885 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0280oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus overproduction and airway obstruction are common features in airway mucosal inflammation. The mechanism by which LPS induces MUC5AC overexpression, however, has not been fully explored. The aims of this study were twofold: first, to examine the ATP-dependent mechanism by which LPS induces MUC5AC gene expression, and second, to identify specific molecules that could suppress LPS-induced MUC5AC expression at a G-protein-coupled receptor level. Here, we suggest that LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces MUC5AC overproduction by both an ATP-dependent pathway and an ATP-independent pathway. In addition, we showed that Regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) 4 plays as a suppressor for ATP-induced MUC5AC expression by interacting with G alpha q in a GTP-dependent manner in vivo. These results give additional insights into the molecular mechanism of negative regulation of mucin overproduction and enhance our understanding of mucus hypersecretion during airway mucosal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Seob Song
- The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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