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Wasim A, Truong J, Bakshi S, Majid U. A systematic review of fear, stigma, and mental health outcomes of pandemics. J Ment Health 2023; 32:920-934. [PMID: 35791727 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2091754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the mental health of people globally. Despite substantial research on the short-term psychological impact of COVID-19, its long-term consequences on mental health remain relatively unexplored. AIMS We aimed to examine mental health literature on prior outbreaks to provide recommendations for developing effective strategies to mitigate the short- and long-term psychological impact of the current pandemic. METHODS We conducted a narrative review of 41 studies to analyze the adverse impact of the following epidemics and pandemics on the mental health of individuals, groups, and communities: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Influenza A/H1N1, and Ebola Virus Disease. RESULTS We noted that these past epidemics and pandemics escalated stress, distress, anxiety, fear, and stigma that persisted in countries and communities. We also identified the role of misinformation in propagating discrimination and prejudice towards certain groups. CONCLUSIONS We discuss how the mental health outcomes of previous pandemics differed from the COVID-19 outbreak. We believe that strategies that reduce misinformation, educational initiatives, and mental health programs when introduced at the individual and community level have the potential to effectively diminish the negative psychological impact of COVID-19. PRISMA This study followed the PRISMA guidance and was not registered in PROSPERO. This is a narrative review that used qualitative thematic analysis. Publishing a protocol on a protocol repository for such reviews is not the standard of practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aghna Wasim
- BSc Undergraduate Psychology Program, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judy Truong
- Research & Development, MaRS Discovery District, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simran Bakshi
- BSc Undergraduate Science Program, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Umair Majid
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Mishra BK, Kanungo S, Panda S, Patel K, Swain S, Dwivedy S, Karna S, Bhuyan D, Som M, Marta B, Bhattacharya D, Kshatri JS, Pati S, Palo SK. Access to Maternal and Child Health Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Explorative Qualitative Study in Odisha, India. Indian J Community Med 2023; 48:459-464. [PMID: 37469922 PMCID: PMC10353676 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_285_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal and child health (MCH) care is one of the essential routine healthcare services, which got affected during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Modeled projections had anticipated an 8.3%-38.6% rise in maternal mortality from different countries globally. In view of limited studies pertaining to issues related to accessing MCH services in the event of a pandemic, this study was carried out on pregnant and postnatal mothers in Odisha, India. Methods An explorative qualitative study through 36 in-depth interviews (IDIs) was conducted among 16 (44.4%) antenatal and 20 (55.5%) postnatal mothers in six of thirty districts of Odisha, India, from February to April 2021. The districts and blocks were randomly selected for better representativeness. The IDIs were conducted using a predesigned and pretested guide among mothers who had undergone delivery or availed of antenatal, postnatal, or child health services from October 2020 to April 2021. The IDIs were conducted till data saturation. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA software. Results The average age of mothers was 27.6 (+/- 2.2) years. Among the participants, 16 (44.4%) were antenatal and 20 (55.6%) were postnatal mothers; 19 (52.8%) were primipara and 17 (47.2%) were multipara. The majority explained that they received enormous support including door-to-door services from the community health workers (CHWs) even during the difficult times of the pandemic. Reduced transportation facility and fear of contracting the infection were reasons behind the unwillingness to visit health facilities and preference for home delivery. Furthermore, the pandemic had physical, mental, social, and financial impacts among pregnant and postnatal women. Conclusion The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has affected access to MCH services by antenatal and postnatal mothers. Health system preparedness and appropriate strategies including better community engagement and participation could avert such challenges in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kripalini Patel
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Swagatika Swain
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sonam Karna
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Dinesh Bhuyan
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | | | - Jaya S. Kshatri
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Subrata K. Palo
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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3
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Çalık KY, Küçük E, Beydağ KD. 'Pregnant women voice their concerns and delivery method preferences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey'. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2022; 40:590-601. [PMID: 34191642 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2021.1931071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate pregnant women's voice their concerns and delivery method preferences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Methods: A cross-sectional study is survey based using an online survey platform. Three hundred pregnant women were included between 16 May and 12 June 2020 in Turkey. Sociodemographic features, obstetric features, concerns about COVID-19, delivery method preferences, and Brief Measure of Worry Severity were evaluated. RESULTS It was determined that the concerns of pregnant women about the pandemic were moderate (12.73 ± 6.838) and did not alter their delivery method preferences. However, the concerns of the pregnant women who planned to perform their delivery by caesarean section before COVID-19 and whose delivery method preferences changed during the pandemic process were higher (p < 0.05). Additionally, during the COVID-19 period, pregnant women often harbour concerns such as 'not knowing how it would affect my baby if I have to take medications for COVID-19 (90.3%)' 'getting infected by COVID-19 during my pregnancy (89.7%)' 'not having a healthy pregnancy until birth (89%)'. CONCLUSIONS Delivery method preferences of pregnant women did not change in the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, COVID-19 pandemic is impacting on the pregnant women experiencing moderate concerns about their pregnancy, delivery, postpartum period, and their baby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kıymet Yeşilçiçek Çalık
- Faculty of Health Science, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nursing Department, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ebru Küçük
- Faculty of Health Science, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nursing Department, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Kerime Derya Beydağ
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Johnson MS, Skjerdingstad N, Ebrahimi OV, Hoffart A, Johnson SU. Parenting in a Pandemic: Parental stress, anxiety and depression among parents during the government-initiated physical distancing measures following the first wave of COVID-19. Stress Health 2022; 38:637-652. [PMID: 34902219 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Drawing on the tenets of family stress theory, the aim of this study is to examine parents' perceived stress, symptoms of anxiety, depression, and associated risk- and protective factors across demographic subgroups during in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Norwegian parents (N = 2868; 79.5% mothers) with >1 child under 18 years of age completed an online survey two weeks after the implementation of government-initiated distancing measures. The survey includes measures of COVID-related risk factors (parental stress, burnout, depression, anxiety, anger of parents towards children, difficulty working from home, and positive beliefs about worry) and protective factors (self-efficacy and social support). Mothers, parents living with more than one child, and parents with a psychiatric diagnosis reported greater levels of parental stress, more burnout, and more anger towards their children, as well as less social support. Almost 25% of the parents reported anxiety and depression that are clinically significant. Parents who followed distancing measures reported significantly higher distress. Anger of parents towards children explains 41% of the variation in parental stress. These findings indicate that parents have experienced symptoms of deteriorated mental health due to the COVID- 19 pandemic, including parental stress, anxiety, and depression. The study presents practical implications for meso- and macro-level policymaking and offers support to further the potential aims of public health and clinical interventions. Future studies to monitor long-term aversive mental health outcomes among parents are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam S Johnson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Omid V Ebrahimi
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Vikersund, Norway
| | - Asle Hoffart
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Vikersund, Norway
| | - Sverre Urnes Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Vikersund, Norway
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Yip KH, Yip YC, Tsui WK. The Lived Experiences of Women without COVID-19 in Breastfeeding Their Infants during the Pandemic: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159511. [PMID: 35954868 PMCID: PMC9368050 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in 2020 has led to several changes and disturbances in the daily lives of the general public. Particularly for new (first-time) mothers, there has been a significant impact on the practices of raising and feeding their babies. Social distancing measures everywhere have made mothers hesitant to breastfeed their babies anywhere else but at home. Combined with the fear of being infected with COVID-19, the present situation has created unprecedented barriers for breastfeeding mothers to accessing various types of support: emotional, instrumental, informational, and appraisal. There has been no research on the influence of the pandemic on social support regarding breastfeeding in Hong Kong. This study aimed to explore the social support and impact of COVID-19 on mothers breastfeeding their babies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 currently breastfeeding women in Hong Kong. Colaizzi’s seven-step method was used for data analysis. Two key themes emerged from the interview data: (1) positive influences on breastfeeding support during COVID-19 and (2) negative influences on breastfeeding support during COVID-19. Our findings may help mothers prepare to breastfeed their babies in places other than their homes.
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Velarde-García JF, González-Hervías R, Álvarez-Embarba B, Cachón-Pérez JM, Rodríguez-García M, Oliva-Fernández O, González-Sanz P, Palacios-Ceña D, Moro-López-Menchero P, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Mas Espejo M. Under-graduate nursing students working during the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study of psychosocial effects and coping strategies. Int J Nurs Pract 2022; 28:e13065. [PMID: 35580863 PMCID: PMC9348150 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a shortage of health care staff, forcing the hiring of senior nursing students. AIMS To describe the psychosocial impact and coping strategies used by nursing students during the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and to understand the coping strategies they employed. METHOD A qualitative exploratory study was conducted, based on Sandelowski's proposal. Purposive sampling was carried out to recruit 18 students hired during the pandemic. The students were interviewed between 18 March and 15 June 2020. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using a digital platform. An inductive thematic analysis was performed. FINDINGS The students lived alone and isolated during their contract to protect their cohabitants from possible contagion. The impact of working during the pandemic leads to experiences of stress, insomnia, nightmares and anxiety. Nursing students coped with the emotional burden through mental disconnection and the support of co-workers and family members. CONCLUSION Psychological support and tutoring should be provided by health centres. In addition, in these special circumstances, universities should adapt the training provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Francisco Velarde-García
- Department of Nursing, Red Cross College of Nursing, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Research Nursing Group of Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel González-Hervías
- Department of Nursing, Red Cross College of Nursing, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Álvarez-Embarba
- Department of Nursing, Red Cross College of Nursing, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Cachón-Pérez
- Department of Nursing, Facultad Ciencias Salud, Research Group of Teaching Methodologies and Assessment Systems in Nursing, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-García
- Department of Nursing, Facultad Ciencias Salud, Research Group of Teaching Methodologies and Assessment Systems in Nursing, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Oliva-Fernández
- Department of Nursing, Facultad Ciencias Salud, Research Group of Teaching Methodologies and Assessment Systems in Nursing, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar González-Sanz
- Department of Nursing, Facultad Ciencias Salud, Research Group of Teaching Methodologies and Assessment Systems in Nursing, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo Palacios-Ceña
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group of Humanities and Qualitative Research in Health Science of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Hum&QRinHS), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Paloma Moro-López-Menchero
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group of Humanities and Qualitative Research in Health Science of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Hum&QRinHS), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - César Fernández-de-Las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group of Manual Therapy, Dry Needling and Therapeutic Exercise of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (GITM-URJC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Mas Espejo
- Department of Nursing, Red Cross College of Nursing, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Mohapatra S, Ayash Kumar P, Farooq U, Jain P, khan R, Hasan N, Shamim A, Javed Ansari M, Alalaiwe AS, Aldawsari MF, Aamir Mirza M, Iqbal Z. COVID 19 pandemic challenges and their management: A review of medicines, vaccines, patents and clinical trials with emphasis on psychological health issues. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:879-905. [PMID: 35645588 PMCID: PMC9128298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID 19) paroxysm is a dominant health exigency that caused significant distress, affecting physical and mental health. Increased mortality, a stressed healthcare system, financial crisis, isolation, and new living and working styles enhanced societal commiseration leading to poor health outcomes. Though people try to maintain good physical health but unfortunately the mental affliction is still ignored. Poor psychological health has emerged as a burgeoning social issue and demands attention. Henceforth, the fundamental objective of this review article is to collate information about COVID-linked physical and psychological agony in diverse population groups with related symptoms and accessible diagnosis techniques. Recent studies have unraveled the fragile mental states of people who have either contracted COVID 19 or had near and dear ones falling prey to it. The impact of the epidemic on the human mind both in short and long-term, with possible risk and preventive factors together with suggested solutions for maintaining good health have also been discussed here. It also enlists the available medications, vaccines and investigational research in the form of patents and clinical trials. This article can be taken as an updated information sheet for COVID 19, accompanied by its management techniques with special emphasis on coping strategies for mental health. Further, it may also assist the policymakers to devise approaches that could enable the public to overcome the pandemic-driven adversity not only in the given situation but also futuristically.
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Micha G, Hyphantis T, Staikou C, Valsamidis D, Arnaoutoglou E, Tzimas P, Vlahos N, Daponte A, Grypiotis I, Pappa P, Evangelaki E, Apostolidou S, Paschos V, Varvarousi G, Bareka M, Izountouemoi GE, Tsonis O, Koullourou I, Kalopita K, Kotsis K. Prevalence of postpartum depression and antenatal anxiety symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic: An observational prospective cohort study in Greece. Eur J Midwifery 2022; 6:23. [PMID: 35509983 PMCID: PMC9006185 DOI: 10.18332/ejm/146233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Micha
- Department of Anesthesiology, “Helena Venizelou” General and Maternity Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Hyphantis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Chryssoula Staikou
- 1st Department of Anesthesiology, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Valsamidis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Alexandra General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Arnaoutoglou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Petros Tzimas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Postoperative Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vlahos
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Daponte
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Grypiotis
- Department of Anesthesiology, “Helena Venizelou” General and Maternity Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Pappa
- Department of Anesthesiology, “Helena Venizelou” General and Maternity Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Erofili Evangelaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, “Helena Venizelou” General and Maternity Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Apostolidou
- 1st Department of Anesthesiology, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Paschos
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giolanda Varvarousi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Alexandra General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Metaxia Bareka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Gloria E. Izountouemoi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Postoperative Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Orestis Tsonis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Iouliani Koullourou
- Mental Health Center, “G. Hatzikosta” General Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kalopita
- Department of Anesthesiology, “Helena Venizelou” General and Maternity Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kotsis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Ortoleva Bucher C, Abt M, Berthoud L, Cohen C. Health and coping strategies of nursing home residents and their relatives during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods study protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059262. [PMID: 35332046 PMCID: PMC8948078 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic hit older adults particularly hard, especially those living in nursing homes. The present study's primary aim is to quantify the states of physical and mental health of nursing home residents and their relatives following the implementation of the exceptional confinement measures. The secondary aim is to explore the lived experiences of the stressors perceived by older adults and their relatives, as well as the support strategies implemented by health professionals and their results. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We chose a mixed-methods (quantitative/qualitative) study to best deliver a profound understanding of this phenomenon.Quantitative phase: participants are asked to complete several questionnaires. The study population includes all the nursing home residents in four French-speaking cantons of Switzerland (and their relatives) who are living through the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics will be calculated for the scores of the General Health Questionnaire-12, Impact of Event Scale-6, Perceived Stress Scale, Brief Cope, Post-traumatic Growth Inventory, World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) and WHOQOL-OLD scales. Correlational analyses will be considered.Qualitative phase: data are collected from several sources (individual semi-structured interviews, focus groups, field notes). Interviews are planned with about 12 representatives of each group of participants (residents and relatives). Two focus groups made up of healthcare professionals will be constituted to explore the lived experiences of the stressors perceived by residents and relatives, the coping strategies those two groups implemented to deal with them. The interviews and focus groups will be subjected to a thematic contents analysis.Integrating the quantitative and qualitative data will take place jointly with data interpretation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This project was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Canton of Vaud on 14 December 2020 (project ID: 2020-02397). The prior written informed consent of the study subjects is collected by a member of the research team before data collection. Study results will be disseminated via professional and peer-reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN12345167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ortoleva Bucher
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maryline Abt
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Berthoud
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Cohen
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Smorti M, Gemignani A, Bonassi L, Mauri G, Carducci A, Ionio C. The impact of Covid-19 restrictions on depressive symptoms in low-risk and high-risk pregnant women: a cross-sectional study before and during pandemic. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:191. [PMID: 35260098 PMCID: PMC8902730 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 social restrictions have increased the risk for depression compared to the previous period in Italian women with Low-Risk Pregnancy (LRP). lLess is known about the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on High-Risk Pregnancy (HRP). This study aimed: 1) to explore levels of depression in women who become pregnant before and during COVID-19 pandemic, distinguishing between LRP and HRP; 2) to analyze the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on pregnancy experience in LRP and HRP. Methods A before-during COVID-19 pandemic cross-sectional study was carried out on 155 pregnant women (Mean age = 34.18), between 23 and 32 weeks of gestation. 77 women were recruited before COVID-19 pandemic (51.9% LRP; 48.1% HRP) and 78 women were recruited during COVID-19 pandemic (51.3% LRP; 48.7% HRP). HRP group was enrolled during hospitalization for high-risk pregnancy. Participants filled out Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Moreover, only COVID-19 group answered an open-ended question about the impact of restriction on pregnancy experience. Results HRP women reported higher levels of depressive symptoms than LRP. No difference emerged for COVID (before/during) but an interaction effect between COVID-19 and obstetric condition was found. The qualitative results showed the impact of restrictions on emotions and concerns. Conclusion Respect to the previous period, LRP women during COVID-19 presented an increased risk for depressive symptoms than HRP. The HRP women during COVID-19 seemed to use hospitalization as a resource to find a social support network with other pregnant women and to be reassured on the clinical ongoing of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Smorti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Bonassi
- Department of Mental Health, ASST Bergamo-Est, Seriate, Italy
| | - Giulia Mauri
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessia Carducci
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE To identify postpartum depression risk and describe experiences of women in the first 6 weeks after giving birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Using a convergent mixed-methods approach, we recruited a convenience sample of women living in the United States who gave birth March 1, 2020 or later from social media Web sites. Participants completed the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale-Short Form and provided written answers to open-ended questions regarding their experiences at home with their new infant. RESULTS Our 262 participants were on average 32.6 years of age, the majority were White (82%), married or partnered (91.9%), and college educated (87.4%). Mean postpartum depression score was 17.7 (SD = 5.9) with 75% scoring ≥14, indicating significant postpartum depressive symptoms. Qualitative content analysis revealed five themes: Isolation and seclusion continue; Fear, anxiety, and stress filled the days; Grieving the loss of normal: It's just so sad; Complicated by postpartum depression: A dark time; and There is a silver lining. Quantitative and qualitative findings provided a holistic view of women's depressive symptoms and experiences at home with their infants during the COVID-19 pandemic. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Although policies that reduce risk of COVID-19 exposure and infection for patients and the health care team must continue to be implemented, the adverse effects of depressive symptoms on maternal-infant wellbeing within the context of increased isolation due to the pandemic need to be kept at the forefront. Nurses need to be aware of the consequences of women sheltering in place and social distancing on maternal-infant outcomes, particularly on depression and likelihood of breastfeeding.
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Akbarbegloo M, Sanaeefar M, Majid P, Mohammadzadeh M. Psychosocial care experiences of patients with COVID-19 at home in Iran: A qualitative study. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:264-274. [PMID: 34180102 PMCID: PMC8444798 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to the onset peak of COVID-19, as well as a shortage of human resources, physical environment, protective and medical equipment in hospitals, many patients with mild to moderate symptoms of COVID-19 are pushed to home care. This condition not only raises public health concerns but also causes a number of psychosocial problems. Therefore, this study intends to examine the psychosocial experiences of patients with COVID-19 after passing the crisis stage. A qualitative study with a conventional content analysis method was used. Thirty participants were selected using purposeful sampling from Khoy Educational and Medical Centers from 20 March to 20 June 2020. In-depth semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data were analysed by continuous comparative analysis using MAXQDA 10 software. The concepts extracted from data analysis identified eight subthemes and three main themes. Social rejection theme includes three subthemes: 'Insularity of the patient', 'Concealment' and 'patient as the life-threatening center'. Lack of support theme consists of three subthemes including: 'financial concerns', 'non-response of the treatment team after discharge' and 'concerns about the persistent condition of the disease'. Efforts to gain mental peace theme has two subthemes: 'recourse to spirituality' and 'strengthening hope'. According to the results of the present study, it is necessary to examine the psychological and social needs of patients. Also, by identifying high-risk groups, supportive psychological networks such as telephone, internet and on-site medical services to help patients, medical worker and others affected in overcoming psychological problems should be increased. Providing free service packages such as the Internet, free financial aid to damaged jobs and creating the necessary platforms for online shopping and payment services, as well as training on how to plan and practice rehabilitation at home for patients and family caregivers can be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumeh Akbarbegloo
- Pediatric Nursing DepartmentFaculty of NursingKhoy University of Medical SciencesKhoyIran
| | - Mahnaz Sanaeefar
- Pediatric Nursing DepartmentFaculty of NursingKhoy University of Medical SciencesKhoyIran
| | - Purabdollah Majid
- Nursing and Midwifery CollegeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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Saleh L, Canclini S, Greer K, Mathison C, Combs SM, Dickerson B, Collins K. Mothers' Experiences of Pregnancy, Labor and Birth, and Postpartum During COVID-19 in the United States: Preliminary Results of a Mixed-Methods Study. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2022; 36:55-67. [PMID: 35089178 DOI: 10.1097/jpn.0000000000000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the experiences of women who gave birth in the United States during coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). A mixed-methods study was performed using online surveys and interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and interview transcripts were analyzed by thematic analysis resulting in major themes. Participants (n = 32) were women who had given birth on or after March 13, 2020. Of the participants, 34% experienced depression, 46% experienced mild to moderate anxiety, and 28% experienced severe anxiety symptoms. Four major themes emerged: expectations versus reality, early versus late COVID-19 experience, mental distress versus mental health, and healthcare policy versus COVID-19 confusion. Experiences varied based upon geographical location, parity, and proximity to support. Short and long-term effects of COVID-19 on participants and their families were recognized. It is important to acknowledge the confusion experienced in many aspects of the birthing experience due to developing or conflicting pandemic or popular media information. Aligning expectations through providing clear, up-to-date information is helpful in decreasing mental distress. Finally, the impact of COVID-19 highlighted the critical need for professional and focused familial support and follow-up for women experiencing pregnancy-related mental health symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Saleh
- Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas (Dr Saleh and Mss Canclini, Greer, Mathison, Dickerson, and Collins); and TCU and UNTHSC School of Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas (Dr Combs)
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Sahay MR, Dubey S, Sahoo RK, Kanungo S, Sahoo KC, Pati S. Health-Related Challenges and Coping Strategies Among Women During Pandemics: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies. FRONTIERS IN HEALTH SERVICES 2022; 2:847753. [PMID: 36925852 PMCID: PMC10012754 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2022.847753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Equality and empowerment for women are among the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 5). Although women were confronted with more challenges in various ways during pandemics; however, there is hardly any systematic synthesis of evidence on women's health-related challenges during pandemics. We reviewed the health challenges faced by women during the pandemic. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL following PRISMA guidelines. We identified 2,831 studies, of which we included 17. Reproductive health, psychosocial health, and gender-based violence emerged as significant challenges. Many studies reported challenges in provisions for routine services and increased anxiety, fear, and stress among women. The findings highlighted that pandemic have a significant impact on women's health. Women must have equal rights and opportunities without discrimination, which requires urgent action to enhance women's rights and to achieve SDGs. Women engagement/involvement in pandemic-related services needs to be explored, which will aid in developing strategies to alleviate vulnerabilities.
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Shirabe R, Okuhara T, Yokota R, Okada H, Goto E, Kiuchi T. Changes in Anxiety and Stress Among Pregnant Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Content Analysis of a Japanese Social Question-and-Answer Website. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2021; 4:e27733. [PMID: 34156962 PMCID: PMC8284341 DOI: 10.2196/27733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The changing pattern of anxiety and stress experienced by pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the sources of anxiety and stress in pregnant women in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We performed content analysis of 1000 questions posted on the largest social website in Japan (Yahoo! Chiebukuro) from January 1 to May 25, 2020 (end date of the national state of emergency). The Gwet AC1 coefficient was used to verify interrater reliability. RESULTS A total 12 categories were identified. Throughout the study period, anxiety related to going outdoors appeared most frequent, followed by anxiety regarding employment and infection among family and friends. Following the declaration of the state of national emergency at the peak of the infection, infection-related anxiety decreased, whereas anxiety about social support and mood disorders increased. Stress regarding relationships appeared frequent throughout the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The sources of anxiety and stress in pregnant women in Japan changed during the pandemic. Our results suggest the need for rapid communications in the early phase of a pandemic as well as long-term psychosocial support to provide optimal support to pregnant women in Japan. Health care professionals should understand the changing pattern of requirements among pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Shirabe
- Department of Health Communication, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Okuhara
- Department of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Yokota
- Department of Health Communication, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okada
- Department of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiko Goto
- Department of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Hu WS, Lu S, Xu MY, Zhou MC, Yuan ZM, Deng YY. Behavioral Responses of Pregnant Women to the Early Stage of COVID-19 Pandemic in the Network Era in China: Online Questionnaire Study. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2021; 15:215-221. [PMID: 34216818 PMCID: PMC8242215 DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral responses of pregnant women during the early stage of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Methods We recruited 1,099 women to complete an online questionnaire survey from February 10 to February 25, 2020. The subjects were divided into two groups (the pregnant women group and the control group). Results Concerns about infection: most of the participants watched the COVID-19 news at least once a day. Protective behaviors: the utilization rate of pregnant women (often using various measures) was higher than that of nonpregnant women. Exercise: 30.6% of the pregnant women continued to exercise at home, whereas in the control group, this percentage was 8.4%. Spouse relationship: 38.8% of the subjects’ relationship improved, whereas only 2.3% thought the relationship was getting worse. Conclusion Pregnant women had some unique behavioral responses different from that of nonpregnant women. It is important to understand the behavioral responses of pregnant women in this network era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sheng Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Zhejiang, China.
| | - Sha Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Yan Xu
- Department of Nursing, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min-Cong Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Yuan
- Hangzhou Institute of Service Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Yue Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Zhejiang, China
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Receiving maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experiences of women's partners and support persons. Women Birth 2021; 35:298-306. [PMID: 33941497 PMCID: PMC8075817 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background In Australia, the provision of maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly altered to limit transmission of the virus. Many hospitals limited face-to-face appointments to only the pregnant woman and restricted the number of support people present during labour, birth, and postnatal visits to one person. How these restrictions were experienced by partners and support persons of childbearing women are unknown. Aim To explore the experiences of partners and support persons of women receiving maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A two-phased qualitative study including an online survey and interviews. Analysis was undertaken using content analysis. Findings Partners and support persons experienced a sense of ‘missing out’ from the pregnancy and maternity care experience because of changes in the provision of care during the pandemic. They reported feelings of isolation, psychological distress, and reduced bonding time with babies. Conflicting information and processes within and across maternity services contributed to feelings of uncertainty and a perceived reduction in the quality of care. Partners and support persons were negatively impacted by restrictions on maternity wards, however they also perceived these to be of benefit to women. Discussion Many partners and support persons were negatively impacted by restrictions in maternity services during the pandemic; strategies to ensure their active involvement in maternity care are needed. Conclusion This study offers insights from the unique perspective of partners and support people of women receiving maternity care during the pandemic. Policies and processes that exclude partners and support persons need to be reconsidered.
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Mortazavi F, Ghardashi F. The lived experiences of pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive phenomenological study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:193. [PMID: 33685398 PMCID: PMC7938285 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic, pregnancy and childbirth for women are taking place in unusual circumstances. We explored the lived experiences of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic to better understand their experience of pregnancy so that better support could be provided. Methods We used a descriptive phenomenological approach to understand the lived experience of pregnant women in COVID-19 pandemic. We collected data using a purposive sampling method through in-depth interviews in cyberspace with a semi-structured questionnaire. We used Colaizzi’s seven-step content analysis method to analyze the research data with the help of MAXQDA software version 2020. Results We conducted this descriptive phenomenology study on 19 pregnant women in a period between the 10th to the 20th of May, 2020. The participating women were already pregnant when the first signs of the epidemic appeared in the country and at the time of the interview. We acquired four themes including disruption of the tranquility and regular routines of daily life, new challenges caused by the epidemic, resilience and strength in facing the crisis, and adaptation with new conditions. Conclusions The pregnant women were under intense stress during the COVID-19 outbreak. The general mobilization the health system is necessary for alleviating pregnant women’s difficulties in situations like the COVID-19 epidemic. Virtual training classes and virtual counseling may enhance the peace and tranquility of pregnant women. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-021-03691-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Mortazavi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Pardis Building, Towhid Blvd, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Ghardashi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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Galle A, Semaan A, Huysmans E, Audet C, Asefa A, Delvaux T, Afolabi BB, El Ayadi AM, Benova L. A double-edged sword-telemedicine for maternal care during COVID-19: findings from a global mixed-methods study of healthcare providers. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:e004575. [PMID: 33632772 PMCID: PMC7908054 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rapid implementation of telemedicine for the provision of maternal and newborn healthcare. The objective of this study was to document the experiences with providing telemedicine for maternal and newborn healthcare during the pandemic among healthcare professionals globally. METHODS The second round of a global online survey of maternal and newborn health professionals was conducted, disseminated in 11 languages. Data were collected between 5 July and 10 September 2020. The questionnaire included questions regarding background, preparedness and response to COVID-19, and experiences with providing telemedicine. Descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analysis were used to analyse responses, disaggregated by country income level. RESULTS Responses from 1060 maternal and newborn health professionals were analysed. Telemedicine was used by 58% of health professionals and two-fifths of them reported not receiving guidelines on the provision of telemedicine. Key telemedicine practices included online birth preparedness classes, antenatal and postnatal care by video/phone, a COVID-19 helpline and online psychosocial counselling. Challenges reported lack of infrastructure and technological literacy, limited monitoring, financial and language barriers, lack of non-verbal feedback and bonding, and distrust from patients. Telemedicine was considered as an important alternative to in-person consultations. However, health providers emphasised the lower quality of care and risk of increasing the already existing inequalities in access to healthcare. CONCLUSIONS Telemedicine has been applied globally to address disruptions of care provision during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, some crucial aspects of maternal and newborn healthcare seem difficult to deliver by telemedicine. More research regarding the effectiveness, efficacy and quality of telemedicine for maternal healthcare in different contexts is needed before considering long-term adaptations in provision of care away from face-to-face interactions. Clear guidelines for care provision and approaches to minimising socioeconomic and technological inequalities in access to care are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Galle
- ICRH, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Aline Semaan
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Elise Huysmans
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Constance Audet
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Anteneh Asefa
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Therese Delvaux
- Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | | | - Alison Marie El Ayadi
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lenka Benova
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
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López-Morales H, Del Valle MV, Canet-Juric L, Andrés ML, Galli JI, Poó F, Urquijo S. Mental health of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study. Psychiatry Res 2021; 295:113567. [PMID: 33213933 PMCID: PMC7657008 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported the susceptibility of pregnant women to emotional instability and stress. Thus, pregnancy may be a risk factor that could deepen the already negative effects of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze longitudinally the psychopathological consequences of the pandemic in pregnant women, and to explore differences with non-pregnant women. The participants in this study were 102 pregnant women, and a control group of 102 non-pregnant women (most of them reported having university studies and little financial impact from the pandemic). They completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, in three different times (2, 14, and 47 days after the start of the lockdown). In a time range of 50 days of quarantine, all women showed a gradual increase in psychopathological indicators and a decrease in positive affect. Pregnant women showed a more pronounced increase in depression, anxiety and negative affect than the non-pregnant women did. In addition, pregnant women showed a more pronounced decrease in positive affect. It is important for institutions dedicated to perinatal health care to count on empirical information to optimize the provision of their services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán López-Morales
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Macarena Verónica Del Valle
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Lorena Canet-Juric
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - María Laura Andrés
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Ignacio Galli
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Fernando Poó
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Urquijo
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
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21
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Fioretti C, Palladino BE, Nocentini A, Menesini E. Positive and Negative Experiences of Living in COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Italian Adolescents' Narratives. Front Psychol 2020; 11:599531. [PMID: 33329268 PMCID: PMC7711164 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.599531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite a growing interest in the field, scarce narrative studies have delved into adolescents' psychological experiences related to global emergencies caused by infective diseases. The present study aims to investigate adolescents' narratives on positive and negative experiences related to COVID-19. METHODS Italian adolescents, 2,758 (females = 74.8%, mean age = 16.64, SD = 1.43), completed two narrative tasks on their most negative and positive experiences during the COVID-19 emergency. Data were analyzed by modeling an analysis of emergent themes. RESULTS "Staying home as a limitation of autonomy," "School as an educational, not relational environment," the impact of a "new life routine," and experiencing "anguish and loss" are the four emergent themes for negative experiences. As for positive experiences, the four themes were "Being part of an extraordinary experience," "Discovering oneself," "Re-discovering family," and "Sharing life at a distance." CONCLUSION Authors discuss the impact of COVID-19 on adolescents' developmental tasks, such as identity processes and autonomy acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fioretti
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
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22
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C Fong V, Iarocci G. Child and Family Outcomes Following Pandemics: A Systematic Review and Recommendations on COVID-19 Policies. J Pediatr Psychol 2020; 45:1124-1143. [PMID: 33083817 PMCID: PMC7665615 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective A systematic review of mental health outcomes and needs of children and families during past pandemics was conducted based on the PRISMA protocol. The objectives were to evaluate the quality of existing studies on this topic, determine what is known about mental health outcomes and needs of children and families, and provide recommendations for how COVID-19 policies can best support children and families. Methods Seventeen studies were identified through a search of PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Results Studies examining child outcomes indicate that social isolation and quarantining practices exert a substantial negative impact on child anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and fear symptoms. Potential risk factors such as living in rural areas, being female, and increasing grade level may exacerbate negative mental health outcomes for children. Studies examining parental and family outcomes indicate that parents experience high stress, anxiety, and financial burden during pandemics. The age of the parent and family socioeconomic status (SES) appeared to mitigate negative outcomes, where older parents and higher SES families had lower rates of mental health problems. Parents’ fear over the physical and mental health of their children, concerns over potential job loss and arranging childcare contributes to elevated stress and poorer well-being. Conclusions Findings from this review suggest current gaps in COVID-19 policies and provide recommendations such implementing “family-friendly” policies that are inclusive and have flexible eligibility criteria. Examples include universal paid sick leave for parents and financial supports for parents who are also frontline workers and are at an elevated risk for contracting the disease.
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Brooks SK, Weston D, Greenberg N. Psychological impact of infectious disease outbreaks on pregnant women: rapid evidence review. Public Health 2020; 189:26-36. [PMID: 33142123 PMCID: PMC7605787 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Infectious disease outbreaks can be distressing for everyone, especially those deemed to be particularly vulnerable such as pregnant women, who have been named a high-risk group in the current COVID-19 pandemic. This paper aimed to summarise existing literature on the psychological impact of infectious disease outbreaks on women who were pregnant at the time of the outbreak. Study design The design of this study is a rapid review. Methods Five databases were searched for relevant literature, and main findings were extracted. Results Thirteen articles were included in the review. The following themes were identified: negative emotional states; living with uncertainty; concerns about infection; concerns about and uptake of prophylaxis or treatment; disrupted routines; non-pharmaceutical protective behaviours; social support; financial and occupational concerns; disrupted expectations of birth, prenatal care and postnatal care and sources of information. Conclusions Pregnant women have unique needs during infectious disease outbreaks and could benefit from up-to-date, consistent information and guidance; appropriate support and advice from healthcare professionals, particularly with regards to the risks and benefits of prophylaxis and treatment; virtual support groups and designating locations or staff specifically for pregnant women. Pregnant women may be particularly susceptible to distress during pandemics. Infection fears and prophylaxis concerns may exacerbate distress. Disrupted routines, financial concerns and uncertainty are also stressors. Disrupted expectations of birth and related healthcare may be distressing. Pregnant women may benefit from clear information/guidance and support groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Brooks
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, London, SE5 9RJ, UK.
| | - D Weston
- Behavioural Science Team, Emergency Response Department Science & Technology, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK.
| | - N Greenberg
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, London, SE5 9RJ, UK.
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Mizrak Sahin B, Kabakci EN. The experiences of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: A qualitative study. Women Birth 2020; 34:162-169. [PMID: 33023829 PMCID: PMC7528828 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Due to spread and impact of COVID-19 in the world and Turkey lead to fear, stress and anxiety in individuals. This trend is increasing more especially in pregnant women at risk as they are concerned about the safety of themselves and the fetus. Aim In our study, concerns, problems and attitudes of pregnant women related to diseases in the pandemic process will be determined by detailed discussions based on their individual experience, and by increasing the awareness of midwives and nurses about what pregnant women experience in this process. Methods Content analysis is used as qualitative study pattern. Due to the social isolation rules during the coronavirus pandemic, interviews with pregnant women were planned to be held via mobile phone. The study was completed with 15 pregnant women. Results As a result of the content analysis of the interviews, 3 main themes and 11 sub-themes were identified. The identified themes were as following: (1) not understanding the seriousness and fear of the unknown, (2) coronavirus pandemic and disruption of the routine prenatal care (3) disrupted routines and social lives. Each theme was necessarily discussed separately. Conclusion The results of the study show that coronavirus pandemic has a significant potential for creating anxiety, adversity and fear, which has a negative emotional effect on pregnant people. It will be useful to provide awareness for midwives and nurses not only about the physical health of pregnant women, but also their mental health, and to cooperate with mental health experts if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrak Mizrak Sahin
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Esra Nur Kabakci
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Midwifery Department, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Chew QH, Wei KC, Vasoo S, Chua HC, Sim K. Narrative synthesis of psychological and coping responses towards emerging infectious disease outbreaks in the general population: practical considerations for the COVID-19 pandemic. Singapore Med J 2020; 61:350-356. [PMID: 32241071 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging infectious disease outbreaks, such as the present coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, often have a psychological impact on the well-being of the general population, including survivors and caregivers. Our study aimed to synthesise extant literature regarding the combined psychological responses and coping methods used by the general population in past outbreaks. METHODS We conducted a narrative synthesis of the published literature over the last two decades with a quality appraisal of included articles that reported both psychological responses and coping strategies within infectious disease outbreaks. RESULTS A total of 144 papers were identified from the search, 24 of which were included in the review. Overall, 18 studies examined the psychosocial responses of the general population towards the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic, four studies focused on the Ebola epidemic and two studies covered the H1N1 outbreak. Common themes in psychological responses included anxiety/fears, depression, anger, guilt, grief and loss, post-traumatic stress and stigmatisation, but also a greater sense of empowerment and compassion towards others. Coping strategies adopted included problem-focused coping (seeking alternatives, self- and other-preservation), seeking social support, avoidance, and positive appraisal of the situation. CONCLUSION Amid the range of psychosocial responses seen in past infectious disease outbreaks, practical considerations for the current COVID-19 pandemic need to focus on the individual in the context of the larger social environment, with an emphasis on raising awareness of the range of possible psychosocial responses, access to psychological help, self-care, empowering self-support groups and sustained engagement with updated, reliable information about the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hui Chew
- Research Department, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | | | - Shawn Vasoo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | | | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
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