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Godos J, Romano GL, Laudani S, Gozzo L, Guerrera I, Dominguez Azpíroz I, Martínez Diaz R, Quiles JL, Battino M, Drago F, Giampieri F, Galvano F, Grosso G. Flavan-3-ols and Vascular Health: Clinical Evidence and Mechanisms of Action. Nutrients 2024; 16:2471. [PMID: 39125353 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. A healthy diet rich in plant-derived compounds such as (poly)phenols appears to have a key role in improving cardiovascular health. Flavan-3-ols represent a subclass of (poly)phenols of great interest for their possible health benefits. In this review, we summarized the results of clinical studies on vascular outcomes of flavan-3-ol supplementation and we focused on the role of the microbiota in CVD. Clinical trials included in this review showed that supplementation with flavan-3-ols mostly derived from cocoa products significantly reduces blood pressure and improves endothelial function. Studies on catechins from green tea demonstrated better results when involving healthy individuals. From a mechanistic point of view, emerging evidence suggests that microbial metabolites may play a role in the observed effects. Their function extends beyond the previous belief of ROS scavenging activity and encompasses a direct impact on gene expression and protein function. Although flavan-3-ols appear to have effects on cardiovascular health, further studies are needed to clarify and confirm these potential benefits and the rising evidence of the potential involvement of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Romano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna "Kore", 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Samuele Laudani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Gozzo
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit/Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico-S. Marco", 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ida Guerrera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Irma Dominguez Azpíroz
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidade Internacional do Cuanza, Cuito EN250, Angola
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad de La Romana, La Romana 22000, Dominican Republic
| | - Raquel Martínez Diaz
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Arecibo, PR 00613, USA
| | - José L Quiles
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center for Human Nutrition and Mediterranean Foods (NUTREA), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Asbaghi O, Rezaei Kelishadi M, Larky DA, Bagheri R, Amirani N, Goudarzi K, Kargar F, Ghanavati M, Zamani M. The effects of green tea extract supplementation on body composition, obesity-related hormones and oxidative stress markers: a grade-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1125-1157. [PMID: 38031409 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452300260x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Research indicates that green tea extract (GTE) supplementation is beneficial for a range of conditions, including several forms of cancer, CVD and liver diseases; nevertheless, the existing evidence addressing its effects on body composition, oxidative stress and obesity-related hormones is inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of GTE supplementation on body composition (body mass (BM), body fat percentage (BFP), fat mass (FM), BMI, waist circumference (WC)), obesity-related hormones (leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) markers. We searched proper databases, including PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Web of Science, up to July 2022 to recognise published randomised controlled trials (RCT) that investigated the effects of GTE supplementation on the markers mentioned above. A random effects model was used to carry out a meta-analysis. The heterogeneity among the studies was assessed using the I2 index. Among the initial 11 286 studies identified from an electronic database search, fifty-nine studies involving 3802 participants were eligible to be included in this meta-analysis. Pooled effect sizes indicated that BM, BFP, BMI and MDA significantly reduced following GTE supplementation. In addition, GTE supplementation increased adiponectin and TAC, with no effects on FM, leptin and ghrelin. Certainty of evidence across outcomes ranged from low to high. Our results suggest that GTE supplementation can attenuate oxidative stress, BM, BMI and BFP, which are thought to negatively affect human health. Moreover, GTE as a nutraceutical dietary supplement can increase TAC and adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Rezaei Kelishadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Niusha Amirani
- Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
| | - Kian Goudarzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kargar
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matin Ghanavati
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, P.O.19395-4741, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zamani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tran HHV, Mansoor M, Butt SRR, Satnarine T, Ratna P, Sarker A, Ramesh AS, Munoz C, Jamil D, Mohammed L. Impact of Green Tea Consumption on the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e49775. [PMID: 38161525 PMCID: PMC10757748 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major global health concern, responsible for significant morbidity, mortality, and disability. To mitigate the impact of CVDs, individuals often seek preventive measures, and one such approach is the consumption of green tea. This study aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the effects of green tea consumption on the prevalence of cardiovascular outcomes. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review using PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant studies. Our analysis revealed that the risk factors associated with CVDs can vary across different diseases, with hypertension being a common risk factor for CVD mortality and CVD. Notably, the consumption of green tea exhibited a positive effect on reducing the prevalence of cardiometabolic risks and hypercholesterolemia. Furthermore, green tea consumption was observed to have a beneficial impact on lowering both diastolic and systolic blood pressure. In conclusion, the studies reviewed in this research suggest that the consumption of green tea has a significant and positive influence on cardiovascular health. These findings highlight the potential of green tea as a valuable component of a healthy lifestyle, offering a promising avenue for its use as a dietary supplement to reduce the risk of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrian Hoang-Vu Tran
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Mafaz Mansoor
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Samia Rauf R Butt
- General Practice, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Travis Satnarine
- Pediatrics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Pranuthi Ratna
- Family Medicine, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Center (KAMSRC), Hyderabad, IND
| | - Aditi Sarker
- General Practice, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Adarsh Srinivas Ramesh
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Carlos Munoz
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Dawood Jamil
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Lubna Mohammed
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Zamani M, Kelishadi MR, Ashtary-Larky D, Amirani N, Goudarzi K, Torki IA, Bagheri R, Ghanavati M, Asbaghi O. The effects of green tea supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1084455. [PMID: 36704803 PMCID: PMC9871939 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1084455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose A bulk of observational studies have revealed the protective role of green tea supplementation in cardiovascular diseases. The current systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to establish the effects of green tea supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors including lipid profile, blood pressure, glycemic control markers and CRP. Methods A systematic literature search of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that investigated the effects of green tea supplementation and cardiovascular risk factors was undertaken in online databases including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase using a combination of green tea and cardiovascular risk factors search terms. Meta-analyses were carried out using a random-effects model. The I2 index was used to assess the heterogeneity of RCTs. Results Among the initial 11,286 studies that were identified from electronic databases search, 55 eligible RCTs with 63 effect sizes were eligible. Results from the random effects meta-analysis showed that GTE supplementation significantly reduced TC (WMD = -7.62; 95% CI: -10.51, -4.73; P = < 0.001), LDL-C (WMD = -5.80; 95% CI: -8.30, -3.30; P = < 0.001), FBS (WMD = -1.67; 95% CI: -2.58, -0.75; P = < 0.001), HbA1c (WMD = -0.15; 95% CI: -0.26, -0.04; P = 0.008), DBP (WMD = -0.87; 95% CI: -1.45, -0.29; P = 0.003), while increasing HDL-C (WMD = 1.85; 95% CI: 0.87, 2.84; P = 0.010). Subgroup analyses based on the duration of supplementation (≥ 12 vs. < 12 weeks), dose of green tea extract (GTE) (≥1,000 vs. < 1,000 mg/d), sex (male, female, and both), baseline serum levels of lipid profile, and glycemic control factors demonstrated different results for some risk factors. Conclusion The current study suggests improvements in the lipid and glycemic profiles following green tea supplementation. These findings support previous evidence showing the health benefits of green tea supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zamani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Rezaei Kelishadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Niusha Amirani
- Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kian Goudarzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Matin Ghanavati
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Batsis JA, Apolzan JW, Bagley PJ, Blunt HB, Divan V, Gill S, Golden A, Gundamraj S, Heymsfield S, Kahan S, Kopatsis K, Port A, Parks EP, Reilly CA, Rubino D, Saunders KH, Shean R, Tabaza L, Stanley A, Tchang BG, Gundumraj S, Kidambi S. A Systematic Review of Dietary Supplements and Alternative Therapies for Weight Loss. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1102-1113. [PMID: 34159755 PMCID: PMC8231729 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary supplements and alternative therapies are commercialized as a panacea for obesity/weight gain as a result of the minimal regulatory requirements in demonstrating efficacy. These products may indirectly undermine the value of guideline-driven obesity treatments. Included in this study is a systematic review of the literature of purported dietary supplements and alternative therapies for weight loss. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dietary supplements and alternative therapies for weight loss in participants aged ≥18 years. Searches of Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Embase (Ovid) were conducted. Risk of bias and results were summarized qualitatively. RESULTS Of the 20,504 citations retrieved in the database search, 1,743 full-text articles were reviewed, 315 of which were randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of 14 purported dietary supplements, therapies, or a combination thereof. Risk of bias and sufficiency of data varied widely. Few studies (n = 52 [16.5%]) were classified as low risk and sufficient to support efficacy. Of these, only 16 (31%) noted significant pre/post intergroup differences in weight (range: 0.3-4.93 kg). CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplements and alternative therapies for weight loss have a limited high-quality evidence base of efficacy. Practitioners and patients should be aware of the scientific evidence of claims before recommending use.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Batsis
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Department of Nutrition, The Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - John W. Apolzan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University Sysytem, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | | | | | | | - Sonia Gill
- University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | | | | | - Steven Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University Sysytem, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Scott Kahan
- Director, National Center for Weight and Wellness, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC
| | | | - Ava Port
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elizabeth Prout Parks
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Healthy Weight Program, Perelman Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Clifford A. Reilly
- The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine at The University of Vermont, Burlington VT
| | - Domenica Rubino
- Washington Center for Weight Management and Research, Arlington, VA
| | - Katherine H. Saunders
- Comprehensive Weight Control Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ryan Shean
- Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Luai Tabaza
- Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Abishek Stanley
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University Sysytem, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Beverly G. Tchang
- Comprehensive Weight Control Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Shivani Gundumraj
- AT Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, Mesa, AZ
| | - Srividya Kidambi
- Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Zhang T, Chen S, Saito A. A META-ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF GREEN TEA COMBINED WITH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON BLOOD LIPIDS IN HUMANS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220202605212295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Most studies of green tea extract (GTE) combined with physical activity have reported a preventative effect for cardiovascular disease; however, the findings regarding the effects on serum lipids are controversial. Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to examine the evidence of the effects of GTE combined with physical activity on the serum lipid content in humans. Methods: In June 2017, we conducted electronic searches of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to identify pertinent studies: those with an experiment period exceeding two weeks, human randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and those that only assessed GTE with physical activity were included. A random effects model meta-analysis was used in this review. Results: A total of 271 citations were retrieved in our search of the electronic literature, and 7 RCTs, which included 608 individuals, were identified. Overall, there was no significant decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (SMD:-0.169; 95% confidence interval [CI]:-0.414 to 0.076; I2=22.7%; p=0.177) or total cholesterol (TC) levels between the GTE and placebo combined with the physical activity group. Similar results were also observed for high density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). In the subgroup and sensitivity analyses of the five studies, the TC levels of the subjects who received a lower dose of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) together with performing physical activity were significantly decreased. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that green tea combined with physical activity does not improve the lipid and lipoprotein levels in humans. Level of evidence I; Systematic review.
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Xu R, Bai Y, Yang K, Chen G. Effects of green tea consumption on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:56. [PMID: 32670385 PMCID: PMC7350188 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The results of human clinical trials investigating the effects of green tea on glycemic control are inconsistent. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs that examined the effects of green tea supplementation on glycemic control. A literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for RCTs that investigated the effect of green tea consumption on glycemic control was performed up to February 2020. A random-effects model was used to estimate weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Twenty-seven trials involving 2194 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that green tea significantly lowered fasting blood glucose by − 1.44 mg/dL (95%CI:-2.26, − 0.62 mg/dL; P < 0.001) with no obvious heterogeneity (I2 = 7.7%). However, green tea consumption did not significantly affect fasting insulin and HbA1c values. The mean differences were − 0.46μIU/mL (95% CI: − 1.10, 0.17μIU/mL; P = 0.21) for fasting insulin and − 0.06%; (95% CI: − 0.12, 0.01%; P = 0.07) for HbA1c concentrations. Heterogeneity was significant in fasting insulin (I2 = 46.8%) and mild in HbA1c (I2 = 1.7%). Conclusions In short-term trials, green tea supplementation significantly reduced fasting glucose, but had no significant effect on fasting insulin and HbA1c. Long-term trials assessing the effects of green tea supplementation on glycemic control are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfan Xu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 P.R. China
| | - Yang Bai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 P.R. China
| | - Ke Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 P.R. China
| | - Guangzhi Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 P.R. China
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Effect of green tea consumption on blood lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr J 2020; 19:48. [PMID: 32434539 PMCID: PMC7240975 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strong epidemiologic evidence indicates that green tea intake is protective against hyperlipidemia; however, randomized controlled studies have presented varying results. In the present study, we aimed to conduct a literature review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of green tea on blood lipids. Methods PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were electronically explored from inception to September 2019 for all relevant studies. Random effect models were used to estimate blood lipid changes between green tea supplementation and control groups by evaluating the weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The risk of bias for study was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger’s tests. Results Thirty-one trials with a total of 3321 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. In general, green tea intake significantly lowered the total cholesterol (TC); WMD: − 4.66 mg/dL; 95% CI: − 6.36, − 2.96 mg/dL; P < 0.0001) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (WMD:− 4.55 mg/dL; 95% CI: − 6.31, − 2.80 mg/dL; P < 0.0001) levels compared with those in the control. Green tea consumption did not affect high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; however, it reduced the triglycerides compared with that in the control (WMD: − 3.77 mg/dL; 95% CI: − 8.90, 1.37 mg/dL; P = 0.15). In addition, significant publication bias from funnel plots or Egger’s tests was not evident. Conclusions Collectively, consumption of green tea lowers LDL cholesterol and TC, but not HDL cholesterol or triglycerides in both normal weight subjects and those who were overweight/obese; however, additional well-designed studies that include more diverse populations and longer duration are warranted.
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Xu R, Yang K, Ding J, Chen G. Effect of green tea supplementation on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19047. [PMID: 32028419 PMCID: PMC7015560 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although evidence from animal and observational studies has supported the beneficial effects of green tea intake for lowering blood pressure (BP), randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) have yielded conflicting results. In this meta-analysis of RCTs, we aimed to assess the effects of green tea supplementation on measures of BP control. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were electronically searched from inception to August 2019 for all relevant studies. The results were pooled using the generic inverse-variance method with random-effects weighting and expressed as mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The quality of studies was assessed using the Jadad score. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots, Egger test, and Begg test. RESULTS Twenty-four trials with 1697 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that green tea significantly lowered systolic BP (SBP; MD: -1.17 mm Hg; 95%CI: -2.18 to -0.16mm Hg; P = .02) and diastolic BP (DBP; MD: -1.24 mm Hg; 95%CI:-2.07 to -0.40mm Hg; P = .004). Significant heterogeneity was found for both SBP (I = 43%) and DBP (I = 57%). In addition, no evidence of significant publication bias was found from funnel plots or Egger test (P = .674 and P = .270 for SBP and DBP, respectively). CONCLUSION Overall, green tea significantly reduced SBP and DBP over the duration of the short-term trials. Larger and longer-term trials are needed to further investigate the effects of green tea supplementation on BP control and clinical events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ding
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Guangzhi Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Chen Y, Ye Y, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Chen M, Pang J, Zhou S, Xiang Q. Tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease in female but not male populations in Guangzhou, China. Nutr Res Pract 2019; 13:393-398. [PMID: 31583058 PMCID: PMC6760976 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.5.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The association between tea consumption and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) remains controversial. This study aimed to determine whether tea consumption has an effect on CHD risk in Chinese adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS In this hospital-based case-control study, 267 cases of CHD and 235 non-CHD controls were enrolled. Blood samples from all cases were examined. Cardiac function indices (left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase of the muscle or brain type), blood lipid index (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and blood coagulation function indices (fibrinogen and activated partial thromboplastin time) were recorded. Tea consumption of study participants was assessed by a specifically designed questionnaire. The baseline characteristics of the study populations were recorded, and CHD-related biomarkers were detected. Differences in baseline characteristics of the study participants were examined using t-tests for continuous variables and chi-squared tests for categorical variables. Unconditional logistic regression was used to measure the association between tea and CHD. RESULTS There were significant differences in cardiac function indices, blood lipid index, and blood coagulation indices between CHD cases and controls (P < 0.05). We found tea consumption reduced CHD risk in female participants (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.484, 95% CI: 0.242–0.968, P = 0.0403). Regarding the type of tea consumed, the risk of CHD was reduced in women who drank partially fermented tea (adjusted OR = 0.210, 95% CI: 0.084–0.522, P = 0.0008). Analytic results for the amount of tea consumed per unit time showed CHD risk was reduced in women who consumed 1–2 cups of tea per day (adjusted OR = 0.291, 95% CI: 0.131–0.643, P = 0.0023). A tea-drinking frequency of > 6 days/week was beneficial for CHD prevention (adjusted OR = 0.183, 95% CI: 0.049–0.679, P = 0.0112). When analyzed according to the duration of tea consumption, the risk of CHD was reduced in participants who had been drinking tea for 10–20 years (adjusted OR = 0.360, 95% CI: 0.137–0.946, P = 0.0382). CONCLUSIONS Tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of CHD in female but not male populations in Guangzhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, China.,Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, China
| | - Yanfang Ye
- Clinical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, China
| | - Minyu Chen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, China
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Province People's Hospital, 510120, China
| | - Shuxian Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, China
| | - Qiuling Xiang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, China
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11
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Ginsenosides, catechins, quercetin and gut microbiota: Current evidence of challenging interactions. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 123:42-49. [PMID: 30336256 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown the role of gut microbiota in favoring the absorption of herbal products and the transformation of their active principles into metabolites endowed with biological activity. This review focuses on the evidence supporting the changes occurring, after metabolic reactions by specific bacteria that colonize the human gut, to ginseng-derived ginsenosides, green tea-derived catechins, and quercetin, this latter being a flavonoid aglycon bound to sugars and abundant in some vegetables and roots. Furthermore, the results of several studies demonstrating the potential beneficial effects of the active metabolites generated by these biotransformations on ginsenosides, catechins and quercetin will be reported.
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12
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Akhlaghi M, Ghobadi S, Mohammad Hosseini M, Gholami Z, Mohammadian F. Flavanols are potential anti-obesity agents, a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:675-690. [PMID: 29759310 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anti-obesity potential of flavonoids has been shown by animal and human studies. In this meta-analysis, we systematically reviewed controlled clinical trials and quantified the effects of flavonoids and flavonoid subclasses on obesity-related anthropometric measures. METHODS AND RESULTS PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were searched to identify trials examining the effect of flavonoids on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and body fat percentage. Fifty eight trials passed the eligibility process. Analysis endpoints were calculated as the mean difference between baseline and post-treatment. Flavonoids were in subclasses of flavanols, flavonols, isoflavones, flavanones, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins. They were mostly in the form of supplements and dosages varying from 40 to 1300 mg/day. Among flavonoid subclasses, flavanols showed potential for decreasing BMI, in the overall population (mean difference (MD) = -0.28 kg/m2, P = 0.04; n = 21) and in the subgroups of Asians (MD = -0.42 kg/m2; P = 0.046; n = 13), ages < 50 years (MD = -0.50 kg/m2; P = 0.008; n = 14), BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (MD = -0.30 kg/m2; P = 0.049; n = 15), and at doses ≥ 500 mg/day (MD = -0.36 kg/m2; P = 0.049; n = 12). Isoflavones also decreased BMI of non-Asian populations (MD = -0.26 kg/m2; P = 0.035; n = 13) and doses ≥ 75 mg/day (MD = -0.34 kg/m2; P = 0.027; n = 8). In the overall assessment, flavanols also decreased waist circumference (MD = -0.60 cm; P = 0.02; n = 18) but had no significant effect on body fat percentage. The available trials did not reveal significant effects from flavonols, flavanones, and anthocyanins on the specified anthropometric measures. CONCLUSIONS Overall results of this meta-analysis showed that flavanols have potential against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akhlaghi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Ghobadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - M Mohammad Hosseini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Z Gholami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F Mohammadian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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13
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Huang S, Li J, Wu Y, Ranjbar S, Xing A, Zhao H, Wang Y, Shearer GC, Bao L, Lichtenstein AH, Wu S, Gao X. Tea Consumption and Longitudinal Change in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration in Chinese Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.118.008814. [PMID: 29941658 PMCID: PMC6064891 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.008814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The relation between tea consumption and age‐related changes in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) concentrations remains unclear, and longitudinal human data are limited. The aim of current study was to examine the relation between tea intake and longitudinal change in HDL‐C concentrations. Methods and Results Baseline (2006) tea consumption was assessed via a questionnaire, and plasma HDL‐C concentrations were measured in 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012 among 80 182 individuals (49±12 years of age) who did not have cardiovascular diseases or cancer, or did not use cholesterol‐lowering agents both at baseline (2006) and during the follow‐up period (2006–2012). The associations between baseline tea consumption and rate of change in HDL‐C concentrations were examined using generalized estimating equation models. Tea consumption was inversely associated with a decreased rate of HDL‐C concentrations (P‐trend <0.0001) in the fully adjusted model. The adjusted mean difference in the HDL‐C decreased rate was 0.010 (95% confidence interval, 0.008, 0.012) mmol/L per year for tea consumers versus nonconsumers (never or less than once/month group). Interactions between tea consumption and age, sex, lifestyle scores, and metabolic syndrome (all P‐interaction <0.0001) were identified. The associations between greater tea consumption and slower decrease in HDL‐C concentrations were more pronounced in men, individuals aged 60 or older, individuals with a lower lifestyle score, and individuals with metabolic syndrome (all P‐trend <0.0001). Conclusions Tea consumption was associated with slower age‐related decreases in HDL‐C concentrations during 6 years of follow‐up. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.chictr.org. Unique identifier: ChiCTR‐TNRC‐11001489.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shue Huang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | - Junjuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Kailuan Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuntao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Sareh Ranjbar
- Department of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Aijun Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Yanxiu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Gregory C Shearer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | - Le Bao
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
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Bahramsoltani R, Ebrahimi F, Farzaei MH, Baratpourmoghaddam A, Ahmadi P, Rostamiasrabadi P, Rasouli Amirabadi AH, Rahimi R. Dietary polyphenols for atherosclerosis: A comprehensive review and future perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:114-132. [PMID: 28812379 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1360244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most prevalent reasons for premature death in adults. Despite the several conventional drugs in the market; many patients are not completely treated. Here we comprehensively review current clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of dietary polyphenols in atherosclerosis and related complications. PubMed, Cochrane library and Scopus were searched from inception until August 2016 to obtain clinical trials in which polyphenols were evaluated in cardiovascular parameters related to atherosclerosis. From total of 13031 results, 49 clinical trials were finally included. Tyrosol derivatives from virgin olive oil, catechins and theaflavins from green and black tea, cocoa polyphenols, and red grape resveratrol, as well as anthocyanins were the most studied polyphenolic compounds which could regulate lipid profile, inflammation and oxidative stress, blood pressure, endothelial function, and cell adhesion molecules. The most important limitations of the included trials were small sample size, short follow up, and unqualified methodology. Future well-designed clinical trials are necessary to provide better level of evidence for clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- a Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Farnaz Ebrahimi
- c Pharmacy Student's Research Committee, School of Pharmacy , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- d Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran.,e Medical Biology Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Armaghan Baratpourmoghaddam
- c Pharmacy Student's Research Committee, School of Pharmacy , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Pardis Ahmadi
- c Pharmacy Student's Research Committee, School of Pharmacy , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | | | | | - Roja Rahimi
- a Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran
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15
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González-Sarrías A, Combet E, Pinto P, Mena P, Dall’Asta M, Garcia-Aloy M, Rodríguez-Mateos A, Gibney ER, Dumont J, Massaro M, Sánchez-Meca J, Morand C, García-Conesa MT. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Flavanol-Containing Tea, Cocoa and Apple Products on Body Composition and Blood Lipids: Exploring the Factors Responsible for Variability in Their Efficacy. Nutrients 2017. [PMCID: PMC5537860 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses support the benefits of flavanols on cardiometabolic health, but the factors affecting variability in the responses to these compounds have not been properly assessed. The objectives of this meta-analysis were to systematically collect the RCTs-based-evidence of the effects of flavanol-containing tea, cocoa and apple products on selected biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk and to explore the influence of various factors on the variability in the responses to the consumption of these products. A total of 120 RCTs were selected. Despite a high heterogeneity, the intake of the flavanol-containing products was associated using a random model with changes (reported as standardized difference in means (SDM)) in body mass index (−0.15, p < 0.001), waist circumference (−0.29, p < 0.001), total-cholesterol (−0.21, p < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (−0.23, p < 0.001), and triacylglycerides (−0.11, p = 0.027), and with an increase of HDL-cholesterol (0.15, p = 0.005). Through subgroup analyses, we showed the influence of baseline-BMI, sex, source/form of administration, medication and country of investigation on some of the outcome measures and suggest that flavanols may be more effective in specific subgroups such as those with a BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2, non-medicated individuals or by specifically using tea products. This meta-analysis provides the first robust evidence of the effects induced by the consumption of flavanol-containing tea, cocoa and apple products on weight and lipid biomarkers and shows the influence of various factors that can affect their bioefficacy in humans. Of note, some of these effects are quantitatively comparable to those produced by drugs, life-style changes or other natural products. Further, RCTs in well-characterized populations are required to fully comprehend the factors affecting inter-individual responses to flavanol and thereby improve flavanols efficacy in the prevention of cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio González-Sarrías
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Campus de Espinardo, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.-S.); (M.-T.G.-C.); Tel.: +34-968-396276 (A.G.-S. & M.-T.G.-C.); Fax: +34-968-396213(A.G.-S. & M.-T.G.-C.)
| | - Emilie Combet
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK;
| | - Paula Pinto
- Polytechnic Institute of Santarem, Escola Superior Agrária (ESA), Department of Food Technology, Biotechnology and Nutrition, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (P.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Margherita Dall’Asta
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (P.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Mateos
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK;
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Julie Dumont
- U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, University Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Julio Sánchez-Meca
- Department of Basic Psychology & Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Christine Morand
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre de Recherches en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - María-Teresa García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Campus de Espinardo, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.-S.); (M.-T.G.-C.); Tel.: +34-968-396276 (A.G.-S. & M.-T.G.-C.); Fax: +34-968-396213(A.G.-S. & M.-T.G.-C.)
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16
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Samavat H, Newman AR, Wang R, Yuan JM, Wu AH, Kurzer MS. Effects of green tea catechin extract on serum lipids in postmenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:1671-1682. [PMID: 27806972 PMCID: PMC5118731 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.137075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green tea has been suggested to improve cardiovascular disease risk factors, including circulating lipid variables. However, current evidence is predominantly based on small, short-term randomized controlled trials conducted in diverse populations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and impact of green tea extract (GTE) supplementation high in epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on blood lipids in healthy postmenopausal women. DESIGN This was an ancillary study of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm trial investigating the effects of a GTE supplement containing 1315 mg catechins (843 mg EGCG) on biomarkers of breast cancer risk. Participants were randomly assigned to receive GTE (n = 538) or placebo (n = 537) and were stratified by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype activity (high COMT compared with low or intermediate COMT genotype activity). They consumed either 4 GTE or identical placebo capsules daily for 12 mo. A total of 936 women completed this substudy. Circulating lipid panels including total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured at baseline and at months 6 and 12. RESULTS Compared with placebo, 1-y supplementation with GTE capsules resulted in a significant reduction in circulating TC (-2.1% compared with 0.7%; P = 0.0004), LDL cholesterol (-4.1% compared with 0.9%; P < 0.0001) and non-HDL cholesterol (-3.1% compared with 0.4%; P = 0.0032). There was no change in HDL-cholesterol concentration, but triglyceride concentrations increased by 3.6% in the GTE group, whereas they decreased by 2.5% in the placebo group (P = 0.046). A significant reduction in TC was observed only among women with high (i.e., ≥200 mg/dL) baseline TC concentrations (P-interaction = 0.01) who consumed GTE capsules. The effect of GTE on the increase in triglycerides was mainly observed among obese women and statin users (P-interaction = 0.06). CONCLUSION Supplementation with GTE significantly reduced circulating TC and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, especially in those with elevated baseline TC concentrations. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00917735.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Samavat
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - April R Newman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; and
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mindy S Kurzer
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN;
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Momose Y, Maeda-Yamamoto M, Nabetani H. Systematic review of green tea epigallocatechin gallate in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of humans. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:606-13. [PMID: 27324590 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1196655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review of the literature for the ability of green tea epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Study subjects were limited to healthy individuals and randomized, controlled trials on human serum lipid levels, especially LDL-C, conducted. A total of 17 trials (n = 1356) met all of the inclusion criteria. According to weighted mean differences for changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI), 107-856 mg/d of EGCG for 4 to 14 weeks reduced LDL-C by -9.29 mg/dl (95% CI, -12.27 to -6.31). Sub-analysis was performed to compare the EGCG lowering effect on LDL-C between non-obese and obese subjects, EGCG dose, baseline of LDL-C levels, or BMI. We concluded that consumption of green tea EGCG resulted in a significant reduction of LDL-C at any baseline level and any dose between 107 and 856 mg/d, and the effect size was slightly dependent on the baseline lipid level of the subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Momose
- a Food Engineering Division , National Food Research Institute , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Mari Maeda-Yamamoto
- b Food Function Division , National Food Research Institute , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nabetani
- a Food Engineering Division , National Food Research Institute , Ibaraki , Japan
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18
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Takechi R, Alfonso H, Hiramatsu N, Ishisaka A, Tanaka A, Tan L, Lee AH. Elevated plasma and urinary concentrations of green tea catechins associated with improved plasma lipid profile in healthy Japanese women. Nutr Res 2016; 36:220-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Yarmolinsky J, Gon G, Edwards P. Effect of tea on blood pressure for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:236-46. [PMID: 26024546 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Tea has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent for individuals with elevated blood pressure, yet the evidence for this has not been systematically reviewed to date. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to evaluate the effects of tea on blood pressure in individuals within the prehypertensive and hypertensive blood pressure ranges. DATA SOURCES The CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for all relevant studies published from 1946 to September 27, 2013. STUDY SELECTION The selection criteria included randomized controlled trials of adults whose blood pressure was within hypertensive or prehypertensive ranges and in which the applied intervention was green or black tea; controls consisting of placebo, minimal tea intervention, or no intervention; and a follow-up period of at least 2 months. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers independently extracted data on participants, interventions, comparators, outcomes, and study design. Mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were pooled to generate summary effect estimates. RESULTS Meta-analyses of 10 trials (834 participants) showed statistically significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (MD -2.36 mmHg, 95%CI -4.20 to -0.52) and diastolic blood pressure (MD -1.77 mmHg, 95%CI -3.03 to -0.52) with tea consumption. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of green or black tea can reduce blood pressure in individuals within prehypertensive and hypertensive ranges, although further investigation with studies of longer duration and stronger methodological quality is warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Yarmolinsky
- J. Yarmolinsky, was with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, and is currently with the Postgraduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. G. Gon and P. Edwards are with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom. At the time of manuscript preparation, J. Yarmolinsky was with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Giorgia Gon
- J. Yarmolinsky, was with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, and is currently with the Postgraduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. G. Gon and P. Edwards are with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom. At the time of manuscript preparation, J. Yarmolinsky was with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Phil Edwards
- J. Yarmolinsky, was with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, and is currently with the Postgraduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. G. Gon and P. Edwards are with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom. At the time of manuscript preparation, J. Yarmolinsky was with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Moderate red wine consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the PREDIMED population. Br J Nutr 2015; 113 Suppl 2:S121-30. [PMID: 26148915 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514003262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on the association between alcohol intake and the development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have yielded inconsistent results. Besides, few studies have analysed the effects of red wine (RW) consumption on the prevalence of the MetS and its components. As moderate RW drinkers have a better lipid profile and lower incidence rates of diabetes, hypertension and abdominal obesity, all components of the MetS, it was hypothesised that moderate RW consumption could be associated with a lower prevalence of the MetS. In the present cross-sectional study of 5801 elderly participants at a high cardiovascular risk included in the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study, 3897 fulfilled the criteria of the MetS at baseline. RW intake was recorded using a validated 137-item FFQ. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to estimate the association between RW intake and the prevalence of the MetS. Compared with non-drinkers, moderate RW drinkers (≥ 1 drink/d) were found to have a reduced risk of prevalent MetS (OR 0.56, 95 % CI 0.45, 0.68; P < 0.001), a lower risk of having an abnormal waist circumference (OR 0.59, 95 % CI 0.46, 0.77; P < 0.001), low HDL-cholesterol concentrations (OR 0.42, 95 % CI 0.32, 0.53; P < 0.001), high blood pressure (OR 0.28, 95 % CI 0.17, 0.45; P < 0.001) and high fasting plasma glucose concentrations (OR 0.67, 95 % CI 0.54, 0.82; P < 0.001) after adjusting for several confounders. This association was found to be stronger in female participants, in participants aged < 70 years and in participants who were former or current smokers. No significant association was found between RW intake (≥ 1 drink/d) and TAG concentrations. In conclusion, moderate RW consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of the MetS in an elderly Mediterranean population at a high cardiovascular risk.
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Rangel-Huerta OD, Pastor-Villaescusa B, Aguilera CM, Gil A. A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Bioactive Compounds in Cardiovascular Disease: Phenolic Compounds. Nutrients 2015; 7:5177-216. [PMID: 26132993 PMCID: PMC4516993 DOI: 10.3390/nu7075177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is rising and is the prime cause of death in all developed countries. Bioactive compounds (BAC) can have a role in CVD prevention and treatment. The aim of this work was to examine the scientific evidence supporting phenolic BAC efficacy in CVD prevention and treatment by a systematic review. Databases utilized were Medline, LILACS and EMBASE, and all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with prospective, parallel or crossover designs in humans in which the effects of BAC were compared with that of placebo/control were included. Vascular homeostasis, blood pressure, endothelial function, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers were considered as primary outcomes. Cohort, ecological or case-control studies were not included. We selected 72 articles and verified their quality based on the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, establishing diverse quality levels of scientific evidence according to two features: the design and bias risk of a study. Moreover, a grade of recommendation was included, depending on evidence strength of antecedents. Evidence shows that certain polyphenols, such as flavonols can be helpful in decreasing CVD risk factors. However, further rigorous evidence is necessary to support the BAC effect on CVD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar D Rangel-Huerta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Conocimiento Avenue, 18006 Granada, Spain.
| | - Belen Pastor-Villaescusa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Conocimiento Avenue, 18006 Granada, Spain.
| | - Concepcion M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Conocimiento Avenue, 18006 Granada, Spain.
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Conocimiento Avenue, 18006 Granada, Spain.
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García-Conesa MT. Dietary Polyphenols against Metabolic Disorders: How Far Have We Progressed in the Understanding of the Molecular Mechanisms of Action of These Compounds? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:1769-1786. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.980499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Murray M, Walchuk C, Suh M, Jones PJ. Green tea catechins and cardiovascular disease risk factors: Should a health claim be made by the United States Food and Drug Administration? Trends Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Intake of dietary phytochemicals has frequently been associated with health benefits. Noninfectious diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and diabetes are major causes of death, whereas dementia cases are also increasing to 'epidemic' proportion. This review will focus on recent progress on mechanisms underlying the potential role of dietary phytochemicals in CVD, diabetes, cancer and dementia, with consideration of the latest clinical data. RECENT FINDINGS The association of tea (Camellia sinensis), particularly catechins, with reported mechanistic effects for CVD, diabetes, cancer and cognition contributes to our understanding of the suggested benefits of tea consumption on health from limited and inconclusive clinical trial and epidemiological data. Resveratrol, which occurs in grapes (Vitis vinifera) and wine, and curcumin, a component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), are also emerging as potentially relevant to health, particularly for CVD and dementia, with some promising data also concluded for curcumin in cancer. Other phytochemicals mechanistically relevant for health include anthocyanins, isoflavones and glucosinolates, which are also discussed. SUMMARY Evidence for the role of phytochemicals in health and disease is growing, but associations between phytochemicals and disease need to be more firmly understood and established from more robust clinical data using preparations that have been phytochemically characterized.
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Abstract
AIM The purpose of anti-aging medical checkups is to evaluate the functional age of the patient, aiming to prevent functional aging and rejuvenate the functional age. In this study, a comparison of the medical checkup results was conducted in elderly groups with different levels of activities of daily living (ADL). METHODS There were three groups of subjects; and an independent group that included 43 independently-living subjects (68.9±6.3 years) in the Kyoto Yurin area, a support-requiring group that included 31 subjects (77.8±7.2 years) routinely visiting a day care center and a nursing-requiring group that included 19 subjects (83.7±6.8 years) who were living in a medical care facility for the elderly. We conducted anti-aging medical checkups, and the following five factors were evaluated: muscle mass by the bioelectric impedance method (Physion MD), bone strength by an ultrasonic wave method (A-1000: Yokogawa, AOS-100NW: Aloka), fingertip pulse wave analysis (SDP-100: Fukuda), cognitive function (Wisconsin card sorting test) and the serum insulin-like growth factor-I and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-s) level. To calculate the functional age of the subjects, we used the Age Management Check (Ginga Kobo, Nagoya), and the Δage (functional age-chronological age) was analyzed and compared between the groups. RESULTS The functional ages in the independent group were muscle age, 55.5±7.0; blood vascular age, 65.4±8.5; neural age, 63.6±14.8; hormone age, 70.4±7.6 and bone age, 60.2±14.6 years. As a result of an increase in 1,506 daily steps based on walking instruction with pedometer monitoring, the subjects significantly improved their body weight, BMI, waist size, fasting plasma glucose level and serum DHEA-s in six months. By showing them their functional age, their motivation to participate in the health promotion program was increased, and the compliance was high, with an omission rate of less than 20% in 2.5 years. The support- and nursing-requiring groups showed muscle ages of 58.8±3.3 and 61.9±4.0, blood vascular ages of 75.5±12.6 and 71.8±11.1, neural ages of 86.5±8.8 and 88.5±5.8 and bone ages of 81.0±12.0 and 75.7±12.3, respectively. The Δage analysis in the three groups revealed that the Δneural age increased as the ADL decreased. CONCLUSIONS The Δage analysis indicated that the decreased ADL in the elderly may be mainly associated with their neural function in the factors examined. Anti-aging medical checkups are high in terms of their cost-performance ratio and are easily accepted by the elderly, and are thus recommended for elderly with all grades of ADL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Yonei
- Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University
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