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Boyle CA, Lei S. Neuromedin B excites central lateral amygdala neurons and reduces cardiovascular output and fear-potentiated startle. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1381-1404. [PMID: 37186390 PMCID: PMC10330072 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuromedin B (NMB) and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) are the two mammalian analogs in the bombesin peptide family that exert a variety of actions including emotional processing, appetitive behaviors, cognition, and tumor growth. The bombesin-like peptides interact with three receptors: the NMB-preferring bombesin 1 (BB1) receptors, the GRP-preferring bombesin 2 (BB2) receptors and the orphan bombesin 3 (BB3) receptors. Whereas, injection of bombesin into the central amygdala reduces satiety and modulates blood pressure, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms have not been determined. As administration of bombesin induces the expression of Fos in the lateral nucleus of the central amygdala (CeL) which expresses BB1 receptors, we probed the effects of NMB on CeL neurons using in vitro and in vivo approaches. We showed that activation of the BB1 receptors increased action potential firing frequency recorded from CeL neurons via inhibition of the inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channels. Activities of phospholipase Cβ and protein kinase C were required, whereas intracellular Ca2+ release was unnecessary for BB1 receptor-elicited potentiation of neuronal excitability. Application of NMB directly into the CeA reduced blood pressure and heart rate and significantly reduced fear-potentiated startle. We may provide a cellular and molecular mechanism whereby bombesin-like peptides modulate anxiety and fear responses in the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A. Boyle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Saobo Lei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
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2
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Abergel Z, Shaked M, Shukla V, Wu ZX, Gross E. The phosphatidylinositol transfer protein PITP-1 facilitates fast recovery of eating behavior after hypoxia in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21202. [PMID: 33368638 PMCID: PMC7839455 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000704r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Among the fascinating adaptations to limiting oxygen conditions (hypoxia) is the suppression of food intake and weight loss. In humans, this phenomenon is called high-altitude anorexia and is observed in people suffering from acute mountain syndrome. The high-altitude anorexia appears to be conserved in evolution and has been seen in species across the animal kingdom. However, the mechanism underlying the recovery of eating behavior after hypoxia is still not known. Here, we show that the phosphatidylinositol transfer protein PITP-1 is essential for the fast recovery of eating behavior after hypoxia in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Unlike the neuroglobin GLB-5 that accelerates the recovery of eating behavior through its function in the oxygen (O2 )-sensing neurons, PITP-1 appears to act downstream, in neurons that express the mod-1 serotonin receptor. Indeed, pitp-1 mutants display wild-type-like O2 -evoked-calcium responses in the URX O2 -sensing neuron. Intriguingly, loss-of-function of protein kinase C 1 (PKC-1) rescues pitp-1 mutants' recovery after hypoxia. Increased diacylglycerol (DAG), which activates PKC-1, attenuates the recovery of wild-type worms. Together, these data suggest that PITP-1 enables rapid recovery of eating behavior after hypoxia by limiting DAG's availability, thereby limiting PKC activity in mod-1-expressing neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Abergel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, IMRIC, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maayan Shaked
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, IMRIC, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Virendra Shukla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, IMRIC, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zheng-Xing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Einav Gross
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, IMRIC, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Gonçalves J, Martins J, Baptista S, Ambrósio AF, Silva AP. Effects of drugs of abuse on the central neuropeptide Y system. Addict Biol 2016; 21:755-65. [PMID: 25904345 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), which is widely expressed in the central nervous system is involved in several neuropathologies including addiction. Here we comprehensively and systematically review alterations on the central NPY system induced by several drugs. We report on the effects of psychostimulants [cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and nicotine], ethanol, and opioids on NPY protein levels and expression of different NPY receptors. Overall, expression and function of NPY and its receptors are changed under conditions of drug exposure, thus affecting several physiologic behaviors, such as feeding, stress and anxiety. Drugs of abuse differentially affect the components of the NPY system. For example methamphetamine and nicotine lead to a consistent increase in NPY mRNA and protein levels in different brain sites whereas ethanol and opioids decrease NPY mRNA and protein expression. Drug-induced alterations on the different NPY receptors show more complex regulation pattern. Manipulation of the NPY system can have opposing effects on reinforcing and addictive properties of drugs of abuse. NPY can produce pro-addictive effects (nicotine and heroin), but can also exert inhibitory effects on addictive behavior (AMPH, ethanol). Furthermore, NPY can act as a neuroprotective agent in chronically methamphetamine and MDMA-treated rodents. In conclusion, manipulation of the NPY system seems to be a potential target to counteract neural alterations, addiction-related behaviors and cognitive deficits induced by these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gonçalves
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS); University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI); University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology-Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Research Unit; University of Coimbra; Portugal
| | - João Martins
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI); University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology-Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Research Unit; University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Portugal
| | - Sofia Baptista
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI); University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology-Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Research Unit; University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Portugal
| | - António Francisco Ambrósio
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI); University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology-Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Research Unit; University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI); Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Silva
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI); University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology-Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Research Unit; University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Portugal
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Hsieh YS, Yang SF, Chen PN, Chu SC, Chen CH, Kuo DY. Knocking down the transcript of protein kinase C-lambda modulates hypothalamic glutathione peroxidase, melanocortin receptor and neuropeptide Y gene expression in amphetamine-treated rats. J Psychopharmacol 2011; 25:982-94. [PMID: 20817751 DOI: 10.1177/0269881110376692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that neuropeptide Y (NPY) contributes to the behavioral response of amphetamine (AMPH), a psychostimulant. The present study examined whether protein kinase C (PKC)-λ signaling was involved in this action. Moreover, possible roles of glutathione peroxidase (GP) and melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) were also examined. Rats were given AMPH daily for 4 days. Hypothalamic NPY, PKCλ, GP and MC4R were determined and compared. Pretreatment with α-methyl-para-tyrosine could block AMPH-induced anorexia, revealing that endogenous catecholamine was involved in regulating AMPH anorexia. PKCλ, GP and MC4R were increased with maximal response on Day 2 during AMPH treatment, which were concomitant with the decreases in NPY. cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) DNA binding activity was increased during AMPH treatment, revealing the involvement of CREB-dependent gene transcription. An interruption of cerebral PKCλ transcript could partly block AMPH-induced anorexia and partly reverse NPY, MC4R and GP mRNA levels to normal. These results suggest that PKCλ participates in regulating AMPH-induced anorexia via a modulation of hypothalamic NPY gene expression and that increases of GP and MC4R may contribute to this modulation. Our results provided molecular evidence for the regulation of AMPH-induced behavioral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Kuo DY, Yang SF, Chu SC, Chen CH, Chen PN, Hsieh YS. The effect of protein kinase C-delta knockdown on anti-free radical enzyme and neuropeptide Y gene expression in phenylpropanolamine-treated rats. J Neurochem 2010; 114:1217-30. [PMID: 20533995 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been reported to involve in regulating behavioral response of phenylpropanolamine (PPA), a sympathomimetic agent. This study explored if protein kinase C (PKC)-delta signaling participated in this regulation. Moreover, possible roles of anti-free radical enzyme catalase (CAT) and nitrogen oxide synthase (NOS) were also examined. Rats were treated daily with PPA for 4 days. Changes in food intake and hypothalamic NPY, PKCdelta, CAT, and NOS contents were assessed and compared. Results showed that PKCdelta and CAT increased during PPA treatment, which were concomitant with decreases in NPY content and food intake, while the change of NOS was expressed differently. Moreover, PKCdelta knockdown could modify PPA anorexia as well as NPY and CAT expression, while NOS expression remained unchanged. Furthermore, pre-treatment with NOS inhibitor could modify both PPA anorexia and NPY content. It is suggested that PKCdelta participates in the anorectic response of PPA via the modulation of NPY and CAT, while NOS contribute to this modulation via a different mechanism during PPA treatment. Results provide molecular mechanism of NPY-mediated PPA anorexia and may aid the therapeutic research of PPA and other anti-obesity drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yih Kuo
- Department of Physiology, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan, China.
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Root TL, Pisetsky EM, Thornton L, Lichtenstein P, Pedersen NL, Bulik CM. Patterns of co-morbidity of eating disorders and substance use in Swedish females. Psychol Med 2010; 40:105-115. [PMID: 19379530 PMCID: PMC2788663 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291709005662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the association of eating disorder subtypes across multiple categories of substance use in population-based samples. We examined the association between eating disorders and substance use in a large population-based sample. METHOD Female participants (n=13 297) were from the Swedish Twin Registry [Lichtenstein et al., Twin Research and Human Genetics (2006) 9, 875-882]. Substance use was examined in four defined groups - (1) anorexia nervosa (AN); (2) bulimia nervosa (BN); (3) AN and BN (ANBN); and (4) binge eating disorder (BED) as well as a referent group without eating disorder (no ED). Secondary analyses examined differences between restricting AN (RAN) and binge and/or purge AN (ANBP). RESULTS In general, eating disorders were associated with greater substance use relative to the referent. The AN group had significantly increased odds for all illicit drugs. Significant differences emerged across the RAN and ANBP groups for alcohol abuse/dependence, diet pills, stimulants, and polysubstance use with greater use in the ANBP group. Across eating disorder groups, (1) the BN and ANBN groups were more likely to report alcohol abuse/dependence relative to the AN group, (2) the ANBN group was more likely to report diet pill use relative to the AN, BN and BED groups, and (3) the BN group was more likely to report diet pill use relative to the no ED, AN and BED groups. CONCLUSIONS Eating disorders are associated with a range of substance use behaviors. Improved understanding of how they mutually influence risk could enhance understanding of etiology and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Root
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7160, USA
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Amphetamine-evoked changes of oxidative stress and neuropeptide Y gene expression in hypothalamus: Regulation by the protein kinase C-δ signaling. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 180:193-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kuo DY, Yang SF, Chu SC, Chen CH, Hsieh YS. Roles of protein kinase Calpha isozyme in the regulation of oxidative stress and neuropeptide Y gene expression in phenylpropanolamine-mediated appetite suppression. J Neurochem 2009; 108:1495-506. [PMID: 19183253 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.05909.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an appetite stimulant in the brain. Although regulation of NPY expression has been reported to contribute to the appetite-suppressing effect of phenylpropanolamine (PPA), it is still unknown if protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in this effect. Rats were daily treated with PPA for 4 days. Changes in food intake, hypothalamic NPY, PKC, and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA levels were assessed and compared. Results showed that the NPY gene was down-regulated following PPA treatment, which was parallel with the decrease of feeding. Moreover, several isotypes of PKC mRNA level (alpha, betaI, betaII, gamma, delta, eta, lambda, epsilon, and zeta) were changed. Among these, alpha, delta, and lambda PKC were up-regulated along with POMC gene expression which coincided with down-regulation of the NPY gene. To further determine if PKCalpha was involved, infusions of antisense oligonucleotide into the cerebroventricle were performed at 1 h before daily PPA treatment in free-moving rats. Results showed that PKCalpha knock-down could modify both anorexia induced by PPA and the NPY mRNA levels. Moreover, PKCalpha knock-down could also modify superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene expression. It is suggested that PKCalpha participates in the regulation of PPA-mediated appetite suppression via the modulation of NPY and SOD gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yih Kuo
- Department of Physiology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan, China.
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Hsieh YS, Yang SF, Chu SC, Ho YJ, Kuo CS, Kuo DY. Transcriptional interruption of cAMP response element binding protein modulates superoxide dismutase and neuropeptide Y-mediated feeding behavior in freely moving rats. J Neurochem 2008; 105:1438-49. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Hsieh YS, Yang SF, Chu SC, Kuo DY. Transcript of protein kinase A knock-down modulates feeding behavior and neuropeptide Y gene expression in phenylpropanolamine-treated rats. Physiol Genomics 2007; 31:306-14. [PMID: 17684035 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00110.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an appetite-controlling neuromodulator that contributes to the appetite-suppressing effect of phenylpropanolamine (PPA). Aims of this study were to investigate whether protein kinase A (PKA) signaling is involved in regulating NPY gene expression and PPA-induced anorexia. Rats were given daily with PPA for 5 days. Changes in daily food intake and hypothalamic NPY, PKA, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression were measured and compared. To further determine if PKA was involved, intracerebroventricular infusions of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide were performed at 60 min before daily PPA treatment in freely moving rats. Results showed that daily PKA, CREB, and POMC expression were increased following PPA treatment, which showed a closely reverse relationship with alterations of decreased feeding behaviors and NPY mRNA levels. Results also showed that PKA knock-down could block PPA-induced anorexia as well as restore NPY mRNA level, indicating the involvement of PKA signaling in the regulation of NPY gene expression. It is suggested that hypothalamic PKA signaling may participate in the central regulation of PPA-mediated appetite suppression via the modulation of hypothalamic NPY gene expression. The present findings reveal that manipulations at the molecular level of PKA or cAMP may allow the development of therapeutic agents to improve the undesirable properties of PPA or other amphetamine-like anorectic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Kim SW, Hong JS, Ryu SH, Chung WC, Yoon JH, Koo JS. Regulation of mucin gene expression by CREB via a nonclassical retinoic acid signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:6933-47. [PMID: 17646388 PMCID: PMC2099243 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.02385-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A and its metabolite retinoic acid (RA) are essential elements for normal lung development and the differentiation of lung epithelial cells. We previously showed that RA rapidly activated cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in a nonclassical manner in normal human tracheobronchial epithelial (NHTBE) cells. In the present study, we further demonstrated that this nonclassical signaling of RA on the activation of CREB plays a critical role in regulating the expression of airway epithelial cell differentiation markers, the MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC5B genes. We found that RA rapidly activates the protein kinase Calpha isozyme and transmits the activation signal to CREB via the Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) pathway. Activated RSK translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where it phosphorylates CREB. Activated CREB then binds to a cis-acting replication element motif on the promoter (at nucleotides [nt] -878 to -871) of the MUC5AC gene. The depletion of CREB using small interfering RNA abolished not only the RA-induced MUC5AC but also RA-induced MUC2 and MUC5B. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CREB activation via this nonclassical RA signaling pathway may play an important role in regulating the expression of mucin genes and mediating the early biological effects of RA during normal mucous differentiation in NHTBE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Wook Kim
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Unit 432, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wu SL, Yu L, Jiao XY, Meng KW, Pan CE. The suppressive effect of resveratrol on protein kinase C theta in peripheral blood T lymphocytes in a rat liver transplantation model. Transplant Proc 2007; 38:3052-4. [PMID: 17112897 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.08.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Our aim was to study the effect of resveratrol on the expressions of protein kinase C isotypes (PKC alpha, theta) in peripheral blood lymphocytes and on the expression of IkappaB kinase-beta (IKK beta) in lymphocytes in allografts in a rat liver transplantation model. METHODS Orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT) were performed from Sprague Dawley rats to Wistar rats. The recipients were divided into two groups after OLT. In the RES group, resveratrol was given intraperitoneally once a day (100 mg kg(-1)) after OLT, whereas in the control group vehicle buffer was given. The expressions of PKC alpha, theta in peripheral blood lymphocytes, expression of IKK beta in lymphocytes in allograft, and survival periods were compared between the groups. RESULTS The mean survival period after OLT in the RES group was significantly longer than that in control group (P < .05). On posttransplant day 7, the expression of PKC theta in peripheral blood lymphocytes in the RES group was significantly decreased compared with that in the control group (P < .05), whereas there was no obvious difference in the expressions of PKC alpha between the two groups (P > .05), and the positive rate of IKK beta protein in lymphocytes in allografts in RES group was significantly decreased compared with that in the control group (P < .05). CONCLUSION Resveratrol showed an immunosuppressive effect on lymphocytes for allograft rejection in the rat. Down-regulation of the expression of PKC theta in peripheral blood lymphocytes may be part of the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-L Wu
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Hsieh YS, Yang SF, Kuo DY. Intracerebral administration of protein kinase A or cAMP response element-binding protein antisense oligonucleotide can modulate amphetamine-mediated appetite suppression in free-moving rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 292:E123-31. [PMID: 16896163 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00195.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although amphetamine (AMPH)-induced appetite suppression has been attributed to its inhibitory action on neuropeptide Y (NPY), an appetite neurotransmitter abundant in the brain, molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are not well known. This study examined the possible role of protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling in this anorectic effect, and the results showed that both PKA and CREB mRNA levels in hypothalamus were increased following AMPH treatment, which was relevant to a reduction of NPY mRNA level. To determine whether PKA or CREB was involved in the anorectic response, intracerebroventricular infusions of antisense oligonucleotide (or missense control) were performed 60 min before daily AMPH treatment in conscious rats, and results showed that either PKA or CREB knockdown could block AMPH-induced anorexia as well as restore NPY mRNA level, indicating the respective involvement of PKA and CREB signaling in the regulation of NPY gene expression. It is suggested that hypothalamic PKA and CREB signaling may involve the central regulation of AMPH-mediated feeding suppression via the modulation of NPY gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Dept. of Physiology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
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