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Aguado C, Badesso S, Martínez-Hernández J, Martín-Belmonte A, Alfaro-Ruiz R, Fernández M, Moreno-Martínez AE, Cuadrado-Tejedor M, García-Osta A, Luján R. Resilience to structural and molecular changes in excitatory synapses in the hippocampus contributes to cognitive function recovery in Tg2576 mice. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2068-2074. [PMID: 38227537 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202409000-00040/figure1/v/2024-01-16T170235Z/r/image-tiff Plaques of amyloid-β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles are the main pathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, some older adult people with AD pathological hallmarks can retain cognitive function. Unraveling the factors that lead to this cognitive resilience to AD offers promising prospects for identifying new therapeutic targets. Our hypothesis focuses on the contribution of resilience to changes in excitatory synapses at the structural and molecular levels, which may underlie healthy cognitive performance in aged AD animals. Utilizing the Morris Water Maze test, we selected resilient (asymptomatic) and cognitively impaired aged Tg2576 mice. While the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed similar levels of Aβ42 in both experimental groups, western blot analysis revealed differences in tau pathology in the pre-synaptic supernatant fraction. To further investigate the density of synapses in the hippocampus of 16-18 month-old Tg2576 mice, we employed stereological and electron microscopic methods. Our findings indicated a decrease in the density of excitatory synapses in the stratum radiatum of the hippocampal CA1 in cognitively impaired Tg2576 mice compared with age-matched resilient Tg2576 and non-transgenic controls. Intriguingly, through quantitative immunoelectron microscopy in the hippocampus of impaired and resilient Tg2576 transgenic AD mice, we uncovered differences in the subcellular localization of glutamate receptors. Specifically, the density of GluA1, GluA2/3, and mGlu5 in spines and dendritic shafts of CA1 pyramidal cells in impaired Tg2576 mice was significantly reduced compared with age-matched resilient Tg2576 and non-transgenic controls. Notably, the density of GluA2/3 in resilient Tg2576 mice was significantly increased in spines but not in dendritic shafts compared with impaired Tg2576 and non-transgenic mice. These subcellular findings strongly support the hypothesis that dendritic spine plasticity and synaptic machinery in the hippocampus play crucial roles in the mechanisms of cognitive resilience in Tg2576 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Aguado
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Department of Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, Albacete, Spain
| | - Sara Badesso
- Gene Therapy for Neurological Disease Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Martínez-Hernández
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Department of Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, Albacete, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martín-Belmonte
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Rocío Alfaro-Ruiz
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Department of Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, Albacete, Spain
| | - Miriam Fernández
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Department of Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ana Esther Moreno-Martínez
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Department of Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, Albacete, Spain
| | - Mar Cuadrado-Tejedor
- Gene Therapy for Neurological Disease Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana García-Osta
- Gene Therapy for Neurological Disease Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Luján
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Department of Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, Albacete, Spain
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Nowacka A, Getz AM, Bessa-Neto D, Choquet D. Activity-dependent diffusion trapping of AMPA receptors as a key step for expression of early LTP. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230220. [PMID: 38853553 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the activity-dependent diffusion trapping of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) as a crucial mechanism for the expression of early long-term potentiation (LTP), a process central to learning and memory. Despite decades of research, the precise mechanisms by which LTP induction leads to an increase in AMPAR responses at synapses have been elusive. We review the different hypotheses that have been put forward to explain the increased AMPAR responsiveness during LTP. We discuss the dynamic nature of AMPAR complexes, including their constant turnover and activity-dependent modifications that affect their synaptic accumulation. We highlight a hypothesis suggesting that AMPARs are diffusively trapped at synapses through activity-dependent interactions with protein-based binding slots in the post-synaptic density (PSD), offering a potential explanation for the increased synaptic strength during LTP. Furthermore, we outline the challenges still to be addressed before we fully understand the functional roles and molecular mechanisms of AMPAR dynamic nanoscale organization in LTP. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Nowacka
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297 , Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Angela M Getz
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297 , Bordeaux F-33000, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4 , Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Diogo Bessa-Neto
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297 , Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Daniel Choquet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297 , Bordeaux F-33000, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4 , Bordeaux F-33000, France
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Tsuzuki A, Yamasaki M, Konno K, Miyazaki T, Takei N, Tomita S, Yuzaki M, Watanabe M. Abundant extrasynaptic expression of α3β4-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the medial habenula-interpeduncular nucleus pathway in mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14193. [PMID: 38902419 PMCID: PMC11189931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the medial habenula (MHb)-interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) pathway play critical roles in nicotine-related behaviors. This pathway is particularly enriched in nAChR α3 and β4 subunits, both of which are genetically linked to nicotine dependence. However, the cellular and subcellular expression of endogenous α3β4-containing nAChRs remains largely unknown because specific antibodies and appropriate detection methods were unavailable. Here, we successfully uncovered the expression of endogenous nAChRs containing α3 and β4 subunits in the MHb-IPN pathway using novel specific antibodies and a fixative glyoxal that enables simultaneous detection of synaptic and extrasynaptic molecules. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that both subunits were predominantly localized to the extrasynaptic cell surface of somatodendritic and axonal compartments of MHb neurons but not at their synaptic junctions. Immunolabeling for α3 and β4 subunits disappeared in α5β4-knockout brains, which we used as negative controls. The enriched and diffuse extrasynaptic expression along the MHb-IPN pathway suggests that α3β4-containing nAChRs may enhance the excitability of MHb neurons and neurotransmitter release from their presynaptic terminals in the IPN. The revealed distribution pattern provides a molecular and anatomical basis for understanding the functional role of α3β4-containing nAChRs in the crucial pathway of nicotine dependence.
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Grants
- 17KK0160 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21K06746 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 22K06784 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20H05628 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20H05628 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Tsuzuki
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Miwako Yamasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Kohtarou Konno
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Taisuke Miyazaki
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Norio Takei
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Susumu Tomita
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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Chen J, Li Y, Yu Q, Patel JS, Zhou X, Zhang K, Rong J, Zhao C, Chaudhary AF, Zhang W, Bi C, Song Z, Davenport AT, Daunais JB, Haider A, Collier L, Yuan H, Liang S. Preclinical Evaluation of Azabenzimidazole-Based PET Radioligands for γ-8 Dependent Transmembrane AMPA Receptor Regulatory Protein Imaging. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300813. [PMID: 38227784 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
AMPA glutamate receptors (AMPARs) play a pivotal role in excitatory neurotransmission, particularly in the hippocampus where the TARP γ-8 subunit is enriched and serves as a target for emerging anti-epileptic drugs. To enable in vivo visualization of TARP γ-8 distribution and expression by positron emission tomography (PET), this study focuses on the development of novel 18 F-labeled TARP γ-8 inhibitors and their corresponding precursors, stemming from the azabenzimidazole scaffold. The resulting radioligands [18 F]TARP-2204 and [18 F]TARP-2205 were successfully synthesized with acceptable radiochemical yield, high molar activity, and excellent radiochemical purity. In vitro autoradiography demonstrates high level of specific binding of [18 F]TARP-2205 to TARP γ-8 in both rat and nonhuman primate brain tissues. However, unexpected radiodefluorination in PET imaging studies of rodents emphasizes the need for further structural refinement. This work serves as an excellent starting point for the development of future 18 F-labeled TARP γ-8 PET tracers, offering valuable insights into medicinal chemistry design, radiosynthesis and subsequent PET evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Chen
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA-02114, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Yinlong Li
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA-02114, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Qingzhen Yu
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA-02114, USA
| | - Jimmy S Patel
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA-02114, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA-02114, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Ahmad F Chaudhary
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Chunyang Bi
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Zhendong Song
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - April T Davenport
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC-27157, USA
| | - James B Daunais
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC-27157, USA
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA-02114, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Lee Collier
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA-02114, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Steven Liang
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA-02114, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
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5
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Xue SG, He JG, Lu LL, Song SJ, Chen MM, Wang F, Chen JG. Enhanced TARP-γ8-PSD-95 coupling in excitatory neurons contributes to the rapid antidepressant-like action of ketamine in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7971. [PMID: 38042894 PMCID: PMC10693574 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketamine produces rapid antidepressant effects at sub-anesthetic dosage through early and sustained activation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs), however, the exact molecular mechanism still remains unclear. Transmembrane AMPAR regulatory protein-γ8 (TARP-γ8) is identified as one of AMPAR auxiliary subunits, which controls assemblies, surface trafficking and gating of AMPARs. Here, we show that ketamine rescues both depressive-like behaviors and the decreased AMPARs-mediated neurotransmission by recruitment of TARP-γ8 at the postsynaptic sites in the ventral hippocampus of stressed male mice. Furthermore, the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine are abolished by selective blockade of TARP-γ8-containing AMPAR or uncoupling of TARP-γ8 from PSD-95. Overexpression of TARP-γ8 reverses chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and attenuation of AMPARs-mediated neurotransmission. Conversely, knockdown of TARP-γ8 in excitatory neurons prevents the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ge Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Gang He
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, 430030, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling-Li Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi-Jie Song
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei-Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
- The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, 430030, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
- The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, 430030, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China.
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6
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Kelly L, Brown C, Gibbard AG, Jackson T, Swinny JD. Subunit-specific expression and function of AMPA receptors in the mouse locus coeruleus. J Anat 2023; 243:813-825. [PMID: 37391270 PMCID: PMC10557397 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC) provides the principal supply of noradrenaline (NA) to the brain, thereby modulating an array of brain functions. The release of NA, and therefore its impact on the brain, is governed by LC neuronal excitability. Glutamatergic axons, from various brain regions, topographically innervate different LC sub-domains and directly alter LC excitability. However, it is currently unclear whether glutamate receptor sub-classes, such as α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors, are divergently expressed throughout the LC. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy were used to identify and localise individual GluA subunits in the mouse LC. Whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology and subunit-preferring ligands were used to assess their impact on LC spontaneous firing rate (FR). GluA1 immunoreactive clusters were associated with puncta immunoreactive for VGLUT2 on somata, and VGLUT1 on distal dendrites. GluA4 was associated with these synaptic markers only in the distal dendrites. No specific signal was detected for the GluA2-3 subunits. The GluA1/2 receptor agonist (S)-CPW 399 increased LC FR, whilst the GluA1/3 receptor antagonist philanthotoxin-74 decreased it. 4-[2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio]-2,6-difluoro-phenoxyacetamide (PEPA), a positive allosteric modulator of GluA3/4 receptors, had no significant effect on spontaneous FR. The data suggest distinct AMPA receptor subunits are targeted to different LC afferent inputs and have contrasting effects on spontaneous neuronal excitability. This precise expression profile could be a mechanism for LC neurons to integrate diverse information contained in various glutamate afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Kelly
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
| | - Christopher Brown
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
| | - Adina G. Gibbard
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
| | - Torquil Jackson
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
| | - Jerome D. Swinny
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
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7
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Yamaguchi Y, Maekawa Y, Kabashima K, Mizuno T, Tainaka M, Suzuki T, Dojo K, Tominaga T, Kuroiwa S, Masubuchi S, Doi M, Tominaga K, Kobayashi K, Yamagata S, Itoi K, Abe M, Schwartz WJ, Sakimura K, Okamura H. An intact pituitary vasopressin system is critical for building a robust circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308489120. [PMID: 37844254 PMCID: PMC10614613 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308489120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is a biological timekeeping system that oscillates with a circa-24-h period, reset by environmental timing cues, especially light, to the 24-h day-night cycle. In mammals, a "central" clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) synchronizes "peripheral" clocks throughout the body to regulate behavior, metabolism, and physiology. A key feature of the clock's oscillation is resistance to abrupt perturbations, but the mechanisms underlying such robustness are not well understood. Here, we probe clock robustness to unexpected photic perturbation by measuring the speed of reentrainment of the murine locomotor rhythm after an abrupt advance of the light-dark cycle. Using an intersectional genetic approach, we implicate a critical role for arginine vasopressin pathways, both central within the SCN and peripheral from the anterior pituitary.
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Grants
- 18H04015 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 15H05642 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 22K06594 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 22K18384 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 20K20864 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 18002016 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 16H06276 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- JPMJCR14W3 MEXT | JST | Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST)
- BR220401 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita564-8680, Japan
| | - Yota Maekawa
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kabashima
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Takanobu Mizuno
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Motomi Tainaka
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Dojo
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Takeichiro Tominaga
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kuroiwa
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Satoru Masubuchi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute480-1195, Japan
| | - Masao Doi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Keiko Tominaga
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamagata
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-0845, Japan
| | - Keiichi Itoi
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-0845, Japan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai981-8522, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata951-8585, Japan
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata951-8585, Japan
| | - William J. Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata951-8585, Japan
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata951-8585, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
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8
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Konno K, Yamasaki M, Miyazaki T, Watanabe M. Glyoxal fixation: An approach to solve immunohistochemical problem in neuroscience research. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf7084. [PMID: 37450597 PMCID: PMC10348680 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf7084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The gold-standard fixative for immunohistochemistry is 4% formaldehyde; however, it limits antibody access to target molecules that are buried within specialized neuronal components, such as ionotropic receptors at the postsynapse and voltage-gated ion channels at the axon initial segment, often requiring additional antigen-exposing techniques to detect their authentic signals. To solve this problem, we used glyoxal, a two-carbon atom di-aldehyde. We found that glyoxal fixation greatly improved antibody penetration and immunoreactivity, uncovering signals for buried molecules by conventional immunohistochemical procedures at light and electron microscopic levels. It also enhanced immunosignals of most other molecules, which are known to be detectable in formaldehyde-fixed sections. Furthermore, we unearthed several specific primary antibodies that were once judged to be unusable in formaldehyde-fixed tissues, allowing us to successfully localize so far controversial synaptic adhesion molecule Neuroligin 1. Thus, glyoxal is a highly effective fixative for immunostaining, and a side-by-side comparison of glyoxal and formaldehyde fixation is recommended for routine immunostaining in neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohtarou Konno
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Miwako Yamasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Taisuke Miyazaki
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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9
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Bessa-Neto D, Choquet D. Molecular mechanisms of AMPAR reversible stabilization at synapses. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103856. [PMID: 37105372 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, glutamatergic synapses play a central role in the regulation of excitatory neuronal transmission. With the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family of proteins as their structuring scaffold, glutamatergic receptors serve as the powerhouse of glutamatergic synapses. Glutamatergic receptors can be categorized as metabotropic and ionotropic receptors. The latter are then categorized into N-methyl-d-aspartate, kainate receptors, and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-propionic acid receptors (AMPARs). Over the past two decades, genetic tagging technology and super-resolution microscopy have been of the utmost importance to unravel how the different receptors are organized at glutamatergic synapses. At the plasma membrane, receptors are highly mobile but show reduced mobility when at synaptic sites. This partial immobilization of receptors at synaptic sites is attributed to the stabilization/anchoring of receptors with the postsynaptic MAGUK proteins and auxiliary proteins, and presynaptic proteins. These partial immobilizations and localization of glutamatergic receptors within the synaptic sites are fundamental for proper basal transmission and synaptic plasticity. Perturbations of the stabilization of glutamatergic receptors are often associated with cognitive deficits. In this review, we describe the proposed mechanisms for synaptic localization and stabilization of AMPARs, the major players of fast excitatory transmission in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Bessa-Neto
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Choquet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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10
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Coombs I, Bats C, Sexton CA, Studniarczyk D, Cull-Candy SG, Farrant M. Enhanced functional detection of synaptic calcium-permeable AMPA receptors using intracellular NASPM. eLife 2023; 12:e66765. [PMID: 37042655 PMCID: PMC10168695 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium-permeable AMPA-type glutamate receptors (CP-AMPARs) contribute to many forms of synaptic plasticity and pathology. They can be distinguished from GluA2-containing calcium-impermeable AMPARs by the inward rectification of their currents, which reflects voltage-dependent channel block by intracellular spermine. However, the efficacy of this weakly permeant blocker is differentially altered by the presence of AMPAR auxiliary subunits - including transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins, cornichons, and GSG1L - which are widely expressed in neurons and glia. This complicates the interpretation of rectification as a measure of CP-AMPAR expression. Here, we show that the inclusion of the spider toxin analog 1-naphthylacetyl spermine (NASPM) in the intracellular solution results in a complete block of GluA1-mediated outward currents irrespective of the type of associated auxiliary subunit. In neurons from GluA2-knockout mice expressing only CP-AMPARs, intracellular NASPM, unlike spermine, completely blocks outward synaptic currents. Thus, our results identify a functional measure of CP-AMPARs, that is unaffected by their auxiliary subunit content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Coombs
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Cécile Bats
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Craig A Sexton
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Dorota Studniarczyk
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Stuart G Cull-Candy
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark Farrant
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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11
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Quantitative analysis of NMDA receptor subunits proteins in mouse brain. Neurochem Int 2023; 165:105517. [PMID: 36913980 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) are tetrameric channel complex composed of two subunits of GluN1, which is encoded by a single gene and diversified by alternative splicing, and two subunits from four subtypes of GluN2, leading to various combinations of subunits and channel specificities. However, there is no comprehensive quantitative analysis of GluN subunit proteins for relative comparison, and their compositional ratios at various regions and developmental stages have not been clarified. Here we prepared six chimeric subunits, by fusing an N-terminal side of the GluA1 subunit with a C-terminal side of each of two splicing isoforms of GluN1 subunit and four GluN2 subunits, with which titers of respective NMDAR subunit antibodies could be standardized using common GluA1 antibody, thus enabling quantification of relative protein levels of each NMDAR subunit by western blotting. We determined relative protein amounts of NMDAR subunits in crude, membrane (P2) and microsomal fractions prepared from the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum in adult mice. We also examined amount changes in the three brain regions during developmental stages. Their relative amounts in the cortical crude fraction were almost parallel to those of mRNA expression, except for some subunits. Interestingly, a considerable amount of GluN2D protein existed in adult brains, although its transcription level declines after early postnatal stages. GluN1 was larger in quantity than GluN2 in the crude fraction, whereas GluN2 increased in the membrane component-enriched P2 fraction, except in the cerebellum. These data will provide the basic spatio-temporal information on the amount and composition of NMDARs.
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12
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Yamasaki T, Ishii H, Hiraishi A, Kumata K, Wakizaka H, Zhang Y, Kurihara Y, Ogawa M, Nengaki N, Chen J, Li Y, Liang S, Zhang MR. Small-animal PET study for noninvasive quantification of transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein γ-8 (TARP γ-8) in the brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:893-904. [PMID: 36655318 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231152025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein γ-8 (TARP γ-8) mediates various AMPA receptor functions. Recently, [11C]TARP-2105 was developed as a PET ligand for TARP γ-8 imaging. We performed a full kinetic analysis of [11C]TARP-2105 using PET with [11C]TARP-2105 for the first time. The distribution volume (VT), which is a macro parameter consisting of the K1-k4 rate constants in the two-tissue compartment model analysis, exhibited the following rank order: hippocampus (1.4 ± 0.3) > amygdala (1.0 ± 0.2) > frontal cortex (0.9 ± 0.2) > striatum (0.8 ± 0.2) ≫ cerebellum (0.5 ± 0.1) ≈ thalamus (0.5 ± 0.1) > pons (0.4 ± 0.1 mL/cm3). These heterogenous VT values corresponded with the order of biological distribution of TARP γ-8 in the brain. To validate the reference tissue model, the binding potential (BPND) of [11C]TARP-2105 for TARP γ-8 was estimated using general methods (SRTM, MRTM0, Logan reference model, and ratio method). These BPNDs based on reference models indicated excellent correlation (R2 > 0.9) to the indirect BPNDs based on 2TCM with moderate reproducibility (%variability ≈ 10). PET with [11C]TARP-2105 enabled noninvasive BPND estimation and visual mapping of TARP γ-8 in the living rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishii
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsuto Hiraishi
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Wakizaka
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurihara
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanao Ogawa
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuki Nengaki
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yinlong Li
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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13
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Alfaro-Ruiz R, Aguado C, Martín-Belmonte A, Moreno-Martínez AE, Merchán-Rubira J, Hernández F, Ávila J, Fukazawa Y, Luján R. Alteration in the Synaptic and Extrasynaptic Organization of AMPA Receptors in the Hippocampus of P301S Tau Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13527. [PMID: 36362317 PMCID: PMC9656470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau pathology is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies, but how pathological tau accumulation alters the glutamate receptor dynamics driving synaptic dysfunction is unclear. Here, we determined the impact of tau pathology on AMPAR expression, density, and subcellular distribution in the hippocampus of P301S mice using immunoblot, histoblot, and quantitative SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling (SDS-FRL). Histoblot and immunoblot showed differential regulation of GluA1 and GluA2 in the hippocampus of P301S mice. The GluA2 subunit was downregulated in the hippocampus at 3 months while both GluA1 and GluA2 subunits were downregulated at 10 months. However, the total amount of GluA1-4 was similar in P301S mice and in age-matched wild-type mice. Using quantitative SDS-FRL, we unraveled the molecular organization of GluA1-4 in various synaptic connections at a high spatial resolution on pyramidal cell spines and interneuron dendrites in the CA1 field of the hippocampus in 10-month-old P301S mice. The labeling density for GluA1-4 in the excitatory synapses established on spines was significantly reduced in P301S mice, compared to age-matched wild-type mice, in the strata radiatum and lacunosum-moleculare but unaltered in the stratum oriens. The density of synaptic GluA1-4 established on interneuron dendrites was significantly reduced in P301S mice in the three strata. The labeling density for GluA1-4 at extrasynaptic sites was significantly reduced in several postsynaptic compartments of CA1 pyramidal cells and interneurons in the three dendritic layers in P301S mice. Our data demonstrate that the progressive accumulation of phospho-tau is associated with alteration of AMPARs on the surface of different neuron types, including synaptic and extrasynaptic membranes, leading to a decline in the trafficking and synaptic transmission, thereby likely contributing to the pathological events taking place in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Alfaro-Ruiz
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, C/Almansa 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Carolina Aguado
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, C/Almansa 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martín-Belmonte
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, C/Almansa 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ana Esther Moreno-Martínez
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, C/Almansa 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Félix Hernández
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, ISCIII, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, ISCIII, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yugo Fukazawa
- Division of Brain Structure and Function, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Rafael Luján
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, C/Almansa 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain
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14
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Choquet D, Opazo P. The role of AMPAR lateral diffusion in memory. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 125:76-83. [PMID: 35123863 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of AMPARs to synapses is a fundamental step in Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission, a well-established cellular correlate of learning and memory. The discovery of a sizeable and highly mobile population of extrasynaptic AMPARs - randomly scanning the synaptic surface under basal conditions - provided a conceptual framework for a simplified model: LTP can be induced by the capture, and hence accumulation, of laterally diffusing extrasynaptic AMPARs. Here, we review the evidence supporting a rate-limiting role of AMPAR lateral diffusion in LTP and as consequence, in learning and memory. We propose that there are "multiple solutions" for achieving the diffusional trapping of AMPAR during LTP, mainly mediated by the interaction between interchangeable AMPAR auxiliary subunits and cell-adhesion molecules containing PDZ-binding domains and synaptic scaffolds containing PDZ-domains. We believe that this molecular degeneracy in the diffusional trapping of AMPAR during LTP serve to ensure the robustness of this crucial step in the making of memories. All in all, the role of AMPAR lateral diffusion in LTP is not only a conceptual leap in our understanding of memory, but it might also hold the keys for the development of therapeutics against disorders associated with memory deficits such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Choquet
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Patricio Opazo
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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15
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Sumathipala D, Strømme P, Fattahi Z, Lüders T, Sheng Y, Kahrizi K, Einarsen IH, Sloan JL, Najmabadi H, van den Heuvel L, Wevers RA, Guerrero-Castillo S, Mørkrid L, Valayannopoulos V, Backe PH, Venditti CP, van Karnebeek CD, Nilsen H, Frengen E, Misceo D. ZBTB11 dysfunction: spectrum of brain abnormalities, biochemical signature and cellular consequences. Brain 2022; 145:2602-2616. [PMID: 35104841 PMCID: PMC9337812 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bi-allelic pathogenic variants in ZBTB11 have been associated with intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 69 (MRT69; OMIM 618383). We report five patients from three families with novel, bi-allelic variants in ZBTB11. We have expanded the clinical phenotype of MRT69, documenting varied severity of atrophy affecting different brain regions and described combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria as a biochemical manifestation. As ZBTB11 encodes for a transcriptional regulator, we performeded chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing targeting ZBTB11 in fibroblasts from patients and controls. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing revealed binding of wild-type ZBTB11 to promoters in 238 genes, among which genes encoding proteins involved in mitochondrial functions and RNA processing are over-represented. Mutated ZBTB11 showed reduced binding to 61 of the targeted genes, indicating that the variants act as loss of function. Most of these genes are related to mitochondrial functions. Transcriptome analysis of the patient fibroblasts revealed dysregulation of mitochondrial functions. In addition, we uncovered that reduced binding of the mutated ZBTB11 to ACSF3 leads to decreased ACSF3 transcript level, explaining combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria. Collectively, these results expand the clinical spectrum of ZBTB11-related neurological disease and give insight into the pathophysiology in which the dysfunctional ZBTB11 affect mitochondrial functions and RNA processing contributing to the neurological and biochemical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zohreh Fattahi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Torben Lüders
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Section of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Ying Sheng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ingunn Holm Einarsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jennifer L Sloan
- Organic Acid Research Section, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lambert van den Heuvel
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A Wevers
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,United for Metabolic Disease—UMD, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Guerrero-Castillo
- University Children’s Research@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Mørkrid
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Paul Hoff Backe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles P Venditti
- Organic Acid Research Section, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clara D van Karnebeek
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,United for Metabolic Disease—UMD, The Netherlands,Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hilde Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Section of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Doriana Misceo
- Correspondence to: Doriana Misceo Department of Medical Genetics Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo Postboks 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway E-mail:
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16
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Bessa-Neto D, Beliu G, Kuhlemann A, Pecoraro V, Doose S, Retailleau N, Chevrier N, Perrais D, Sauer M, Choquet D. Bioorthogonal labeling of transmembrane proteins with non-canonical amino acids unveils masked epitopes in live neurons. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6715. [PMID: 34795271 PMCID: PMC8602626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in biological imaging is intrinsically linked to advances in labeling methods. The explosion in the development of high-resolution and super-resolution imaging calls for new approaches to label targets with small probes. These should allow to faithfully report the localization of the target within the imaging resolution - typically nowadays a few nanometers - and allow access to any epitope of the target, in the native cellular and tissue environment. We report here the development of a complete labeling and imaging pipeline using genetic code expansion and non-canonical amino acids in neurons that allows to fluorescently label masked epitopes in target transmembrane proteins in live neurons, both in dissociated culture and organotypic brain slices. This allows us to image the differential localization of two AMPA receptor (AMPAR) auxiliary subunits of the transmembrane AMPAR regulatory protein family in complex with their partner with a variety of methods including widefield, confocal, and dSTORM super-resolution microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Bessa-Neto
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gerti Beliu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Kuhlemann
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valeria Pecoraro
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sören Doose
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Natacha Retailleau
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Chevrier
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - David Perrais
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Choquet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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17
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GAD67-mediated GABA Synthesis and Signaling Impinges on Directing Basket Cell Axonal Projections Toward Purkinje Cells in the Cerebellum. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 21:905-919. [PMID: 34676525 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, synthesized by two isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD): GAD65 and GAD67. GABA may act as a trophic factor during brain development, but its contribution to the development and maturation of cerebellar neural circuits is not known. To understand the roles of GABA in cerebellar organization and associated functions in motor coordination and balance, we examined GAD65 conventional knock out (KO) mice and mice in which GAD67 was eliminated in parvalbumin-expressing neurons (PV-Cre; GAD67flox/flox mice). We found aberrant subcellular localization of the Shaker-type K channel Kv1.1 in basket cell collaterals of PV-Cre; GAD67 flox/flox mice and abnormal projections from basket cells to Purkinje cells in both mouse strains. We also found that altered synaptic properties of basket cell terminals to Purkinje cells in PV-Cre; GAD67flox/flox mice. Furthermore, PV-Cre; GAD67 flox/flox mice exhibited abnormal motor coordination in the rotarod test. These results indicate that GABA signaling in the cerebellum is critical for establishing appropriate connections between basket cells and Purkinje cells and is associated with motor coordination in mice.
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Hansen KB, Wollmuth LP, Bowie D, Furukawa H, Menniti FS, Sobolevsky AI, Swanson GT, Swanger SA, Greger IH, Nakagawa T, McBain CJ, Jayaraman V, Low CM, Dell'Acqua ML, Diamond JS, Camp CR, Perszyk RE, Yuan H, Traynelis SF. Structure, Function, and Pharmacology of Glutamate Receptor Ion Channels. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:298-487. [PMID: 34753794 PMCID: PMC8626789 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). These ligand-gated ion channels are critical to brain function and are centrally implicated in numerous psychiatric and neurologic disorders. There are different classes of iGluRs with a variety of receptor subtypes in each class that play distinct roles in neuronal functions. The diversity in iGluR subtypes, with their unique functional properties and physiologic roles, has motivated a large number of studies. Our understanding of receptor subtypes has advanced considerably since the first iGluR subunit gene was cloned in 1989, and the research focus has expanded to encompass facets of biology that have been recently discovered and to exploit experimental paradigms made possible by technological advances. Here, we review insights from more than 3 decades of iGluR studies with an emphasis on the progress that has occurred in the past decade. We cover structure, function, pharmacology, roles in neurophysiology, and therapeutic implications for all classes of receptors assembled from the subunits encoded by the 18 ionotropic glutamate receptor genes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Glutamate receptors play important roles in virtually all aspects of brain function and are either involved in mediating some clinical features of neurological disease or represent a therapeutic target for treatment. Therefore, understanding the structure, function, and pharmacology of this class of receptors will advance our understanding of many aspects of brain function at molecular, cellular, and system levels and provide new opportunities to treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper B Hansen
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Lonnie P Wollmuth
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Derek Bowie
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Hiro Furukawa
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Frank S Menniti
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Geoffrey T Swanson
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Sharon A Swanger
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Ingo H Greger
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Terunaga Nakagawa
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Chris J McBain
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Vasanthi Jayaraman
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Chian-Ming Low
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Jeffrey S Diamond
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Chad R Camp
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Riley E Perszyk
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
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19
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Harb A, Vogel N, Shaib A, Becherer U, Bruns D, Mohrmann R. Auxiliary Subunits Regulate the Dendritic Turnover of AMPA Receptors in Mouse Hippocampal Neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:728498. [PMID: 34497491 PMCID: PMC8419334 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.728498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Different families of auxiliary subunits regulate the function and trafficking of native α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in the central nervous system. While a facilitatory role of auxiliary subunits in ER export and forward trafficking of newly synthesized AMPA receptors is firmly established, it is unclear whether auxiliary subunits also control endosomal receptor turnover in dendrites. Here, we manipulated the composition of AMPA receptor complexes in cultured hippocampal neurons by overexpression of two auxiliary subunits, transmembrane AMPAR regulatory protein (TARP) γ-8 or cysteine knot AMPAR-modulating protein (CKAMP) 44a, and monitored dendritic receptor cycling in live-cell imaging experiments. Receptor surface delivery was assayed using a modified AMPA receptor subunit carrying the pH-dependent fluorophore superecliptic pHluorin (SEP-GluA1), which regains its fluorescence during receptor exocytosis, when transiting from the acidic lumen of transport organelles to the neutral extracellular medium. Strikingly, we observed a dramatic reduction in the spontaneous fusion rate of AMPA receptor-containing organelles in neurons overexpressing either type of auxiliary subunit. An analysis of intracellular receptor distribution also revealed a decreased receptor pool in dendritic recycling endosomes, suggesting that incorporation of TARPγ-8 or CKAMP44a in receptor complexes generally diminishes cycling through the endosomal compartment. To directly analyze dendritic receptor turnover, we also generated a new reporter by N-terminal fusion of a self-labeling HaloTag to an AMPA receptor subunit (HaloTag-GluA1), which allows for selective, irreversible staining of surface receptors. Pulse chase-experiments with HaloTag-GluA1 indeed demonstrated that overexpression of TARPγ-8 or CKAMP44a reduces the constitutive internalization rate of surface receptors at extrasynaptic but not synaptic sites. Thus, our data point to a yet unrecognized regulatory function of TARPγ-8 and CKAMP44a, by which these structurally unrelated auxiliary subunits delay local recycling and increase surface lifetime of extrasynaptic AMPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Harb
- Zentrum für Human- und Molekularbiologie, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nils Vogel
- Institute for Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ali Shaib
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ute Becherer
- Institute for Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Bruns
- Institute for Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Mohrmann
- Institute for Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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20
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Hardt S, Tascio D, Passlick S, Timmermann A, Jabs R, Steinhäuser C, Seifert G. Auxiliary Subunits Control Function and Subcellular Distribution of AMPA Receptor Complexes in NG2 Glia of the Developing Hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:669717. [PMID: 34177466 PMCID: PMC8222826 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.669717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic and axonal glutamatergic signaling to NG2 glia in white matter is critical for the cells' differentiation and activity dependent myelination. However, in gray matter the impact of neuron-to-NG2 glia signaling is still elusive, because most of these cells keep their non-myelinating phenotype throughout live. Early in postnatal development, hippocampal NG2 glia express AMPA receptors with a significant Ca2+ permeability allowing for plasticity of the neuron-glia synapses, but whether this property changes by adulthood is not known. Moreover, it is unclear whether NG2 glia express auxiliary transmembrane AMPA receptor related proteins (TARPs), which modify AMPA receptor properties, including their Ca2+ permeability. Through combined molecular and functional analyses, here we show that hippocampal NG2 glia abundantly express TARPs γ4, γ7, and γ8 as well as cornichon (CNIH)-2. TARP γ8 undergoes profound downregulation during development. Receptors of adult NG2 glia showed an increased sensitivity to blockers of Ca2+ permeable AMPA receptors, but this increase mainly concerned receptors located close to the soma. Evoked synaptic currents of NG2 glia were also sensitive to blockers of Ca2+ permeable AMPA receptors. The presence of AMPA receptors with varying Ca2+ permeability during postnatal maturation may be important for the cells' ability to sense and respond to local glutamatergic activity and for regulating process motility, differentiation, and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hardt
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dario Tascio
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Passlick
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aline Timmermann
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ronald Jabs
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Steinhäuser
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerald Seifert
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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21
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Peng SX, Wang YY, Zhang M, Zang YY, Wu D, Pei J, Li Y, Dai J, Guo X, Luo X, Zhang N, Yang JJ, Zhang C, Gao X, Liu N, Shi YS. SNP rs10420324 in the AMPA receptor auxiliary subunit TARP γ-8 regulates the susceptibility to antisocial personality disorder. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11997. [PMID: 34099816 PMCID: PMC8184779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91415-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the brain, AMPA receptors mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission, the dysfunction of which leads to neuropsychiatric disorders. Synaptic function of AMPA receptors is tightly controlled by a protein group called transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins (TARPs). TARP γ-8 (also known as CACNG8) preferentially expresses in the hippocampus, cortex and subcortical regions that are critical for emotion generation indicating its association with psychiatric disorders. Here, we identified rs10420324 (T/G), a SNP located in the human CACNG8 gene, regulated reporter gene expression in vitro and TARP γ-8 expression in the human brain. A guanine at the locus (rs10420324G) suppressed transcription likely through modulation of a local G-quadruplex DNA structure. Consistent with these observations, the frequency of rs10420324G was higher in patients with anti-social personality disorder (ASPD) than in controls, indicating that rs10420324G in CACNG8 is more voluntary for ASPD. We then characterized the behavior of TARP γ-8 knockout and heterozygous mice and found that consistent with ASPD patients who often exhibit impulsivity, aggression, risk taking, irresponsibility and callousness, a decreased γ-8 expression in mice displayed similar behaviors. Furthermore, we found that a decrease in TARP γ-8 expression impaired synaptic AMPAR functions in layer 2-3 pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex, a brain region that inhibition leads to aggression, thus explaining, at least partially, the neuronal basis for the behavioral abnormality. Taken together, our study indicates that TARP γ-8 expression level is associated with ASPD, and that the TARP γ-8 knockout mouse is a valuable animal model for studying this psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xiao Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Yue-Ying Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yan-Yu Zang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Dan Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Jingwen Pei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Yansong Li
- Reward, Competition and Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiapei Dai
- Chinese Brain Bank Center, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoyun Guo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Department of Medical Psychology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Yun Stone Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China.
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China.
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China.
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22
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Yu J, Rao P, Clark S, Mitra J, Ha T, Gouaux E. Hippocampal AMPA receptor assemblies and mechanism of allosteric inhibition. Nature 2021; 594:448-453. [PMID: 33981040 PMCID: PMC8270219 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AMPA-selective glutamate receptors mediate the transduction of signals between the neuronal circuits of the hippocampus1. The trafficking, localization, kinetics and pharmacology of AMPA receptors are tuned by an ensemble of auxiliary protein subunits, which are integral membrane proteins that associate with the receptor to yield bona fide receptor signalling complexes2. Thus far, extensive studies of recombinant AMPA receptor-auxiliary subunit complexes using engineered protein constructs have not been able to faithfully elucidate the molecular architecture of hippocampal AMPA receptor complexes. Here we obtain mouse hippocampal, calcium-impermeable AMPA receptor complexes using immunoaffinity purification and use single-molecule fluorescence and cryo-electron microscopy experiments to elucidate three major AMPA receptor-auxiliary subunit complexes. The GluA1-GluA2, GluA1-GluA2-GluA3 and GluA2-GluA3 receptors are the predominant assemblies, with the auxiliary subunits TARP-γ8 and CNIH2-SynDIG4 non-stochastically positioned at the B'/D' and A'/C' positions, respectively. We further demonstrate how the receptor-TARP-γ8 stoichiometry explains the mechanism of and submaximal inhibition by a clinically relevant, brain-region-specific allosteric inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Prashant Rao
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sarah Clark
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jaba Mitra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Taekjip Ha
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric Gouaux
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR, USA.
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23
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Glutamatergic Receptor Trafficking and Delivery: Role of the Exocyst Complex. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112402. [PMID: 33153008 PMCID: PMC7693776 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells comprise several intracellular membrane compartments that allow them to function properly. One of these functions is cargo movement, typically proteins and membranes within cells. These cargoes ride microtubules through vesicles from Golgi and recycling endosomes to the plasma membrane in order to be delivered and exocytosed. In neurons, synaptic functions employ this cargo trafficking to maintain inter-neuronal communication optimally. One of the complexes that oversee vesicle trafficking and tethering is the exocyst. The exocyst is a protein complex containing eight subunits first identified in yeast and then characterized in multicellular organisms. This complex is related to several cellular processes, including cellular growth, division, migration, and morphogenesis, among others. It has been associated with glutamatergic receptor trafficking and tethering into the synapse, providing the molecular machinery to deliver receptor-containing vesicles into the plasma membrane in a constitutive manner. In this review, we discuss the evidence so far published regarding receptor trafficking and the exocyst complex in both basal and stimulated levels, comparing constitutive trafficking and long-term potentiation-related trafficking.
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24
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Yu Y, Yang Z, Jin B, Qin X, Zhu X, Sun J, Huo L, Wang R, Shi Y, Jia Z, Shi YS, Chu S, Kong D, Zhang W. Cannabidiol inhibits febrile seizure by modulating AMPA receptor kinetics through its interaction with the N-terminal domain of GluA1/GluA2. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Activity Dependent Inhibition of AMPA Receptors by Zn 2. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8629-8636. [PMID: 33046551 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1481-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zn2+ has been shown to have a wide range of modulatory effects on neuronal AMPARs. However, the mechanism of modulation is largely unknown. Here we show that Zn2+ inhibits GluA2(Q) homomeric receptors in an activity- and voltage-dependent manner, indicating a pore block mechanism. The rate of inhibition is slow, in the hundreds of milliseconds at millimolar Zn2+ concentrations; hence, the inhibition is only observed in the residual nondesensitizing currents. Consequently, the inhibition is higher for GluA2 receptors in complex with auxiliary subunits γ2 and γ8 where the residual activation is larger. The extent of inhibition is also dependent on charge at site 607, the site that undergoes RNA editing in GluA2 subunits replacing glutamine to arginine, with the percent inhibition being lower and IC50 being higher for the edited GluA2(R) relative to unedited GluA2(Q) and to GluA2(Q607E), a mutation observed in the genetic screen of a patient exhibiting developmental delays. We also show that Zn2+ inhibition is significant during rapid repetitive activity with pulses of millimolar concentrations of glutamate in both receptors expressed in HEK cells as well as in native receptors in cortical neurons of C57BL/6J mice of either sex, indicating a physiological relevance of this inhibition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Zn2+ is present along with glutamate in synaptic vesicles and coreleased during synaptic transmission, modulating the postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors. While Zn2+ inhibition of the NMDA subtype of the ionotropic glutamate receptors is well characterized, the mechanism of modulation of the AMPA subtype is much less known. Here we have systematically studied Zn2+ inhibition of AMPARs by varying calcium permeability, auxiliary subunits, and activation levels and show that Zn2+ inhibits AMPARs in an activity-dependent manner, opening up this pathway as a means to pharmacologically modulate the receptors.
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Martín-Belmonte A, Aguado C, Alfaro-Ruíz R, Itakura M, Moreno-Martínez AE, de la Ossa L, Molnár E, Fukazawa Y, Luján R. Age-Dependent Shift of AMPA Receptors From Synapses to Intracellular Compartments in Alzheimer's Disease: Immunocytochemical Analysis of the CA1 Hippocampal Region in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mouse Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:577996. [PMID: 33132900 PMCID: PMC7572859 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.577996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse loss occurs early in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and animal models. Alterations at synaptic level are a major morphological correlate of the memory deficits and related symptoms of AD. Given the predominant roles of synaptic AMPA receptors (AMPARs) in excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain, changes in their dynamic regulation are also implicated in the pathophysiology of AD. Here, we used immunolocalization techniques to analyze the expression and subcellular distribution of AMPARs in the hippocampal region of APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. Immunoblots and histoblots revealed that the total amount of AMPARs and their regional expression pattern in the hippocampus was similar in APP/PS1 mice and in age-matched wild type mice. At the ultrastructural level, two synapse populations were examined using SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling in the stratum radiatum in mice: (i) on spines of CA1 pyramidal cells; and (ii) on randomly found dendritic shafts of CA1 interneurons. While 1- and 6-months-old APP/PS1 mice exhibited no change, we observed a significant reduction at 12 months in AMPAR density at synapses in both pyramidal cells and interneurons, compared to wild-type. This reduction of AMPARs in dendritic spines was accompanied by a significant increase in AMPAR subunit proteins identified in intracellular compartments. Our data demonstrate an age-dependent reduction of synaptic AMPARs in APP/PS1 mice, which may contribute to impaired learning and memory at later stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martín-Belmonte
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Carolina Aguado
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Rocío Alfaro-Ruíz
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Makoto Itakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-shi, Japan
| | - Ana Esther Moreno-Martínez
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Luis de la Ossa
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Elek Molnár
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yugo Fukazawa
- Division of Brain Structure and Function, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Life Science Innovation Center, Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Rafael Luján
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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Schwenk J, Fakler B. Building of AMPA‐type glutamate receptors in the endoplasmic reticulum and its implication for excitatory neurotransmission. J Physiol 2020; 599:2639-2653. [DOI: 10.1113/jp279025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Schwenk
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Hermann‐Herder‐Str. 7 Freiburg 79104 Germany
| | - Bernd Fakler
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Hermann‐Herder‐Str. 7 Freiburg 79104 Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS Schänzlestr. 18 Freiburg 79104 Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation Breisacherstr. 4 Freiburg 79106 Germany
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Powerful Homeostatic Control of Oligodendroglial Lineage by PDGFRα in Adult Brain. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1073-1089.e5. [PMID: 31018125 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are widely distributed cells of ramified morphology in adult brain that express PDGFRα and NG2. They retain mitotic activities in adulthood and contribute to oligodendrogenesis and myelin turnover; however, the regulatory mechanisms of their cell dynamics in adult brain largely remain unknown. Here, we found that global Pdgfra inactivation in adult mice rapidly led to elimination of OPCs due to synchronous maturation toward oligodendrocytes. Surprisingly, OPC densities were robustly reconstituted by the active expansion of Nestin+ immature cells activated in meninges and brain parenchyma, as well as a few OPCs that escaped from Pdgfra inactivation. The multipotent immature cells were induced in the meninges of Pdgfra-inactivated mice, but not of control mice. Our findings revealed powerful homeostatic control of adult OPCs, engaging dual cellular sources of adult OPC formation. These properties of the adult oligodendrocyte lineage and the alternative OPC source may be exploited in regenerative medicine.
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Miyazaki T, Yamasaki M, Tanaka KF, Watanabe M. Compartmentalized Input-Output Organization of Lugaro Cells in the Cerebellar Cortex. Neuroscience 2020; 462:89-105. [PMID: 32470477 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Purkinje cells (PCs) are principal cerebellar neurons, and several classes of interneurons modulate their activity. Lugaro cells (LCs) are one such inhibitory interneuron with distinctive cytology and location, but still most enigmatic among cerebellar neurons. Here we serendipitously produced a novel transgenic mouse line, where a half of Yellow Cameleon (YC)(+) cells in the cerebellar cortex were judged to be LCs, and YC(+) LCs were estimated to constitute one-third of the total LC populations. Neurochemically, two-thirds of YC(+) LCs were dually GABAergic/glycinergic, with the rest being GABAergic. Beneath the PC layer, they extended a sheet of somatodendritic meshwork interconnected with neighboring LCs by adherens junctions, and received various inputs from climbing fibers, mossy fibers, granule cell axons, recurrent PC axons, Golgi cell axons, LC axons, and serotonergic fibers. Intriguingly, somatodendritic elements of individual LCs preferentially extended within a given cerebellar compartment defined by aldolase C expression. In turn, YC(+) LCs projected a dense lattice of ascending and transverse axons to the molecular layer, and innervated molecular layer interneurons (basket and stellate cells) and Golgi cells, but not PCs. Of note, ascending axons profusely innervated individual targets within a cerebellar compartment, while transverse axons ran across several compartments and innervated targets sparsely. This unique circuit configuration highlights that LCs integrate various excitatory, inhibitory, and modulatory inputs coming to the belonging cerebellar compartment and that, as an interneuron-selective interneuron, LCs can effectively disinhibit cerebellar cortical activities in a compartment-dependent manner through inhibition of inhibitory interneurons selectively targeting PCs and granule cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Miyazaki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; Department of Functioning and Disability, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Miwako Yamasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
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BRAG2a Mediates mGluR-Dependent AMPA Receptor Internalization at Excitatory Postsynapses through the Interaction with PSD-95 and Endophilin 3. J Neurosci 2020; 40:4277-4296. [PMID: 32341099 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1645-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brefeldin A-resistant ArfGEF 2 (BRAG2) [or Iqsec1 (IQ motif and Sec7 domain-containing protein 1)] is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ADP ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6), a small GTPase implicated in the membrane trafficking between the plasma membrane and endosomes. BRAG2 regulates Arf6-dependent endocytosis of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) through the direct interaction during the hippocampal long-term depression. However, the molecular mechanism by which the BRAG2-Arf6 pathway links AMPARs to the endocytic machinery remains elusive. Herein, using mouse brains of both sexes, we demonstrated that BRAG2a, an alternative isoform with a long C-terminal insert containing a proline-rich domain and type I PDZ-binding motif, was selectively localized to the excitatory postsynaptic density (PSD). Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified PSD-95 and endophilin 1/3 as BRAG2a-binding partners in the brain. The interaction with PSD-95 was required for synaptic targeting of BRAG2a. In cultured hippocampal neurons, stimulation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) increased the interaction of BRAG2a with endophilin 3 and concomitant Arf6 activation in a time-dependent manner. Knockdown of BRAG2 in cultured hippocampal neurons blocked the mGluR-dependent decrease in surface AMPAR levels, which was rescued by introducing wild-type BRAG2a, but not wild-type BRAG2b or BRAG2a mutants lacking the ability to activate Arf6 or to interact with endophilin 3 or PSD-95. Further postembedding immunoelectron microscopic analysis revealed the preorganized lateral distribution of BRAG2a, Arf6, and endophilin 3 for efficient endocytosis at the postsynaptic membrane. Together, the present findings unveiled a novel molecular mechanism by which BRAG2a links AMPARs to the clathrin-dependent endocytic pathway through its interaction with PSD-95 and endophilin 3.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT BRAG2/Iqsec1 is a GDP/GTP exchange factor for ADP ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6), a small GTPase implicated in the membrane trafficking between the plasma membrane and endosomes, and regulates Arf6-dependent endocytosis of AMPARs through direct interaction during hippocampal long-term depression, one of the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity related to learning and memory. However, the molecular mechanism by which the BRAG2-Arf6 pathway links AMPARs to the endocytic machinery remains elusive. Here, we identified isoform-specific mechanisms of BRAG2-mediated AMPAR internalization. We demonstrated that the interaction of BRAG2a isoform with PSD-95 and endophilin 3 was required for the mGluR-dependent decrease in surface AMPARs in hippocampal neurons. These results unveiled a novel molecular mechanism by which BRAG2 links AMPARs to the clathrin-mediated endocytic machinery at postsynaptic sites.
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Pandya NJ, Seeger C, Babai N, Gonzalez-Lozano MA, Mack V, Lodder JC, Gouwenberg Y, Mansvelder HD, Danielson UH, Li KW, Heine M, Spijker S, Frischknecht R, Smit AB. Noelin1 Affects Lateral Mobility of Synaptic AMPA Receptors. Cell Rep 2019; 24:1218-1230. [PMID: 30067977 PMCID: PMC6088136 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral diffusion on the neuronal plasma membrane of the AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) serves an important role in synaptic plasticity. We investigated the role of the secreted glycoprotein Noelin1 (Olfactomedin-1 or Pancortin) in AMPAR lateral mobility and its dependence on the extracellular matrix (ECM). We found that Noelin1 interacts with the AMPAR with high affinity, however, without affecting rise- and decay time and desensitization properties. Noelin1 co-localizes with synaptic and extra-synaptic AMPARs and is expressed at synapses in an activity-dependent manner. Single-particle tracking shows that Noelin1 reduces lateral mobility of both synaptic and extra-synaptic GluA1-containing receptors and affects short-term plasticity. While the ECM does not constrain the synaptic pool of AMPARs and acts only extrasynaptically, Noelin1 contributes to synaptic potentiation by limiting AMPAR mobility at synaptic sites. This is the first evidence for the role of a secreted AMPAR-interacting protein on mobility of GluA1-containing receptors and synaptic plasticity. Noelin1 interacts with high affinity to AMPA receptors (AMPARs) Noelin1 is secreted upon cellular stimulation (Extra)synaptic AMPAR mobility, but not channel properties, are affected by Noelin1 Reducing synaptic AMPAR lateral mobility by Noelin1 limits synaptic plasticity
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil J Pandya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Seeger
- Beactica AB, Virdings allé 2, 754 50 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Norbert Babai
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miguel A Gonzalez-Lozano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Volker Mack
- Department of CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach (an der Riss), Germany
| | - Johannes C Lodder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Gouwenberg
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - U Helena Danielson
- Beactica AB, Virdings allé 2, 754 50 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ka Wan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Heine
- Research Group Molecular Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestrasse 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Spijker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Renato Frischknecht
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestrasse 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Nakamoto C, Konno K, Miyazaki T, Nakatsukasa E, Natsume R, Abe M, Kawamura M, Fukazawa Y, Shigemoto R, Yamasaki M, Sakimura K, Watanabe M. Expression mapping, quantification, and complex formation of GluD1 and GluD2 glutamate receptors in adult mouse brain. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:1003-1027. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Nakamoto
- Department of Animal Model Development Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Kohtarou Konno
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Taisuke Miyazaki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Faculty of Health Sciences Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Ena Nakatsukasa
- Department of Animal Model Development Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Rie Natsume
- Department of Animal Model Development Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Animal Model Development Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Meiko Kawamura
- Department of Animal Model Development Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Yugo Fukazawa
- Division of Brain Structure and Function, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Life Science Advancement Program, Faculty of Medical Science University of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Ryuichi Shigemoto
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria) Klosterneuburg Austria
| | - Miwako Yamasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
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Linking Nanoscale Dynamics of AMPA Receptor Organization to Plasticity of Excitatory Synapses and Learning. J Neurosci 2019; 38:9318-9329. [PMID: 30381423 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2119-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal organization of neurotransmitter receptors in the postsynaptic membrane is a fundamental determinant of synaptic transmission and thus of information processing by the brain. The ionotropic AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS. The number of AMPARs located en face presynaptic glutamate release sites sets the efficacy of synaptic transmission. Understanding how this number is set and regulated has been the topic of intense research in the last two decades. We showed that AMPARs are not stable in the synapse as initially thought. They continuously enter and exit the postsynaptic density by lateral diffusion, and they exchange between the neuronal surface and intracellular compartments by endocytosis and exocytosis at extrasynaptic sites. Regulation of these various trafficking pathways has emerged as a key mechanism for activity-dependent plasticity of synaptic transmission, a process important for learning and memory. I here present my view of these findings. In particular, the advent of super-resolution microscopy and single-molecule tracking has helped to uncover the intricacy of AMPARs' dynamic organization at the nanoscale. In addition, AMPAR surface diffusion is highly regulated by a variety of factors, including neuronal activity, stress hormones, and neurodegeneration, suggesting that AMPAR diffusion-trapping may play a central role in synapse function. Using innovative tools to understand further the link between receptor dynamics and synapse plasticity is now unveiling new molecular mechanisms of learning. Modifying AMPAR dynamics may emerge as a new target to correct synapse dysfunction in the diseased brain.
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PKN1 kinase-negative knock-in mice develop splenomegaly and leukopenia at advanced age without obvious autoimmune-like phenotypes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13977. [PMID: 31562379 PMCID: PMC6764976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase N1 (PKN1) knockout (KO) mice spontaneously form germinal centers (GCs) and develop an autoimmune-like disease with age. Here, we investigated the function of PKN1 kinase activity in vivo using aged mice deficient in kinase activity resulting from the introduction of a point mutation (T778A) in the activation loop of the enzyme. PKN1[T778A] mice reached adulthood without external abnormalities; however, the average spleen size and weight of aged PKN1[T778A] mice increased significantly compared to aged wild type (WT) mice. Histologic examination and Southern blot analyses of spleens showed extramedullary hematopoiesis and/or lymphomagenesis in some cases, although without significantly different incidences between PKN1[T778A] and WT mice. Additionally, flow cytometry revealed increased numbers in B220+, CD3+, Gr1+ and CD193+ leukocytes in the spleen of aged PKN1[T778A] mice, whereas the number of lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes was reduced in the peripheral blood, suggesting an advanced impairment of leukocyte trafficking with age. Moreover, aged PKN1[T778A] mice showed no obvious GC formation nor autoimmune-like phenotypes, such as glomerulonephritis or increased anti-dsDNA antibody titer, in peripheral blood. Our results showing phenotypic differences between aged Pkn1-KO and PKN1[T778A] mice may provide insight into the importance of PKN1-specific kinase-independent functions in vivo.
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Diering GH, Huganir RL. The AMPA Receptor Code of Synaptic Plasticity. Neuron 2019; 100:314-329. [PMID: 30359599 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the properties and postsynaptic abundance of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) are major mechanisms underlying various forms of synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), and homeostatic scaling. The function and the trafficking of AMPARs to and from synapses is modulated by specific AMPAR GluA1-GluA4 subunits, subunit-specific protein interactors, auxiliary subunits, and posttranslational modifications. Layers of regulation are added to AMPAR tetramers through these different interactions and modifications, increasing the computational power of synapses. Here we review the reliance of synaptic plasticity on AMPAR variants and propose "the AMPAR code" as a conceptual framework. The AMPAR code suggests that AMPAR variants will be predictive of the types and extent of synaptic plasticity that can occur and that a hierarchy exists such that certain AMPARs will be disproportionally recruited to synapses during LTP/homeostatic scaling up, or removed during LTD/homeostatic scaling down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham H Diering
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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36
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Structural biology of glutamate receptor ion channels: towards an understanding of mechanism. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 57:185-195. [PMID: 31185364 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are tetrameric ion channels that mediate signal transmission at neuronal synapses, where they contribute centrally to the postsynaptic plasticity that underlies learning and memory. Receptor activation by l-glutamate triggers complex allosteric cascades that are transmitted through the layered and highly flexible receptor assembly culminating in opening a cation-selective pore. This process is shaped by the arrangement of the four core subunits as well as the presence of various auxiliary subunits, and is subject to regulation by an array of small molecule modulators targeting a number of sites throughout the complex. Here, we discuss recent structures of iGluR homomers and heteromers illuminating the organization and subunit arrangement of the core tetramer, co-assembled with auxiliary subunits and in complex with allosteric modulators.
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37
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Bissen D, Foss F, Acker-Palmer A. AMPA receptors and their minions: auxiliary proteins in AMPA receptor trafficking. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2133-2169. [PMID: 30937469 PMCID: PMC6502786 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To correctly transfer information, neuronal networks need to continuously adjust their synaptic strength to extrinsic stimuli. This ability, termed synaptic plasticity, is at the heart of their function and is, thus, tightly regulated. In glutamatergic neurons, synaptic strength is controlled by the number and function of AMPA receptors at the postsynapse, which mediate most of the fast excitatory transmission in the central nervous system. Their trafficking to, at, and from the synapse, is, therefore, a key mechanism underlying synaptic plasticity. Intensive research over the last 20 years has revealed the increasing importance of interacting proteins, which accompany AMPA receptors throughout their lifetime and help to refine the temporal and spatial modulation of their trafficking and function. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the roles of key partners in regulating AMPA receptor trafficking and focus especially on the movement between the intracellular, extrasynaptic, and synaptic pools. We examine their involvement not only in basal synaptic function, but also in Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity. Included in our review are well-established AMPA receptor interactants such as GRIP1 and PICK1, the classical auxiliary subunits TARP and CNIH, and the newest additions to AMPA receptor native complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Bissen
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max von Laue Str. 4, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Franziska Foss
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Amparo Acker-Palmer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max von Laue Str. 4, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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38
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Inoue M, Takeuchi A, Manita S, Horigane SI, Sakamoto M, Kawakami R, Yamaguchi K, Otomo K, Yokoyama H, Kim R, Yokoyama T, Takemoto-Kimura S, Abe M, Okamura M, Kondo Y, Quirin S, Ramakrishnan C, Imamura T, Sakimura K, Nemoto T, Kano M, Fujii H, Deisseroth K, Kitamura K, Bito H. Rational Engineering of XCaMPs, a Multicolor GECI Suite for In Vivo Imaging of Complex Brain Circuit Dynamics. Cell 2019; 177:1346-1360.e24. [PMID: 31080068 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To decipher dynamic brain information processing, current genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) are limited in single action potential (AP) detection speed, combinatorial spectral compatibility, and two-photon imaging depth. To address this, here, we rationally engineered a next-generation quadricolor GECI suite, XCaMPs. Single AP detection was achieved within 3-10 ms of spike onset, enabling measurements of fast-spike trains in parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons in the barrel cortex in vivo and recording three distinct (two inhibitory and one excitatory) ensembles during pre-motion activity in freely moving mice. In vivo paired recording of pre- and postsynaptic firing revealed spatiotemporal constraints of dendritic inhibition in layer 1 in vivo, between axons of somatostatin (SST)-positive interneurons and apical tufts dendrites of excitatory pyramidal neurons. Finally, non-invasive, subcortical imaging using red XCaMP-R uncovered somatosensation-evoked persistent activity in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Thus, the XCaMPs offer a critical enhancement of solution space in studies of complex neuronal circuit dynamics. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Inoue
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Atsuya Takeuchi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoshi Manita
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Horigane
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Department of Molecular/Cellular Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sakamoto
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kawakami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kazushi Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kouhei Otomo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yokoyama
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ryang Kim
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Yokoyama
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sayaka Takemoto-Kimura
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Department of Molecular/Cellular Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Michiko Okamura
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kondo
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sean Quirin
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charu Ramakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kano
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Fujii
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kazuo Kitamura
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Bito
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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39
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Knopp KL, Simmons RMA, Guo W, Adams BL, Gardinier KM, Gernert DL, Ornstein PL, Porter W, Reel J, Ding C, Wang H, Qian Y, Burris KD, Need A, Barth V, Swanson S, Catlow J, Witkin JM, Zwart R, Sher E, Choong KC, Wall TM, Schober D, Felder CC, Kato AS, Bredt DS, Nisenbaum ES. Modulation of TARP γ8–Containing AMPA Receptors as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Chronic Pain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 369:345-363. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.250126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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40
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Kandel MB, Yamamoto S, Midorikawa R, Morise J, Wakazono Y, Oka S, Takamiya K. N-glycosylation of the AMPA-type glutamate receptor regulates cell surface expression and tetramer formation affecting channel function. J Neurochem 2018; 147:730-747. [PMID: 30092607 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPA-R) plays a primary role in principal excitatory synaptic transmission and many neuronal functions including synaptic plasticity that underlie learning and memory. N-glycosylation is one of the major post-translational modifications of membrane proteins, but its specific roles in neurons remain largely unknown. AMPA-R subunits are N-glycosylated at their extracellular domains during their biosynthesis in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi system. Six N-glycosylation sites are presumed to exist in the extracellular domain of GluA1, which is a member of the AMPA-R subunits. We observed that the intracellular trafficking and cell surface expression were strongly suppressed in the GluA1 mutants lacking N-glycans at N63/N363 in HEK293T cells. Multimer analysis using Blue Native-PAGE displayed the impaired tetramer formation in the glycosylation mutants (N63S and N363S), indicating that the mis-transport was caused by impaired tetramer formation. N63S and N363S mutants were primarily degraded via the lysosomal pathway. Flag-tagged N363S GluA1, but not N63S GluA1, expressed in primary cortical neuron cultures prepared from GluA1 knockout mice was observed to localize at the cell surface. Co-expression of GluA2 partially rescued tetramer formation and the cell surface expression of N363S GluA1 but not N63S GluA1, in HEK293T cells. Electrophysiological analysis also demonstrated functional heteromers of N363S GluA1 with GluA2. These data suggest that site-specific N-glycans on GluA1 subunit regulates tetramer formation, intracellular trafficking, and cell surface expression of AMPA-R. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munal Babu Kandel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Saki Yamamoto
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Midorikawa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Jyoji Morise
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Wakazono
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shogo Oka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kogo Takamiya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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41
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Chen Z, Mori W, Zhang X, Yamasaki T, Dunn PJ, Zhang G, Fu H, Shao T, Zhang Y, Hatori A, Ma L, Fujinaga M, Xie L, Deng X, Li H, Yu Q, Rong J, Josephson L, Ma JA, Shao Y, Tomita S, Zhang MR, Liang SH. Synthesis, pharmacology and preclinical evaluation of 11C-labeled 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-ones for imaging γ8-dependent transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:898-908. [PMID: 30145376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
a-Amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors are implicated in the pathology of neurological diseases such as epilepsy and schizophrenia. As pan antagonists for this target are often accompanied with undesired effects at high doses, one of the recent drug discovery approaches has shifted to subtype-selective AMPA receptor (AMPAR) antagonists, specifically, via modulating transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins (TARPs). The quantification of AMPARs by positron emission tomography (PET) would help obtain insights into disease conditions in the living brain and advance the translational development of AMPAR antagonists. Herein we report the design, synthesis and preclinical evaluation of a series of TARP γ-8 antagonists, amenable for radiolabeling, for the development of subtype-selective AMPAR PET imaging agents. Based on the pharmacology evaluation, molecular docking studies and physiochemical properties, we have identified several promising lead compounds 3, 17-19 and 21 for in vivo PET studies. All candidate compounds were labeled with [11C]COCl2 in high radiochemical yields (13-31% RCY) and high molar activities (35-196 GBq/μmol). While tracers 30 ([11C]17) &32 ([11C]21) crossed the blood-brain barrier and showed heterogeneous distribution in PET studies, consistent with TARP γ-8 expression, high nonspecific binding prevented further evaluation. To our delight, tracer 31 ([11C]3) showed good in vitro specific binding and characteristic high uptake in the hippocampus in rat brain tissues, which provides the guideline for further development of a new generation subtype selective TARP γ-8 dependent AMPAR tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wakana Mori
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Patrick J Dunn
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Genwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Hualong Fu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Tuo Shao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Akiko Hatori
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Longle Ma
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Qingzhen Yu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yihan Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Susumu Tomita
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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42
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Inoue R, Abdou K, Hayashi-Tanaka A, Muramatsu SI, Mino K, Inokuchi K, Mori H. Glucocorticoid receptor-mediated amygdalar metaplasticity underlies adaptive modulation of fear memory by stress. eLife 2018; 7:34135. [PMID: 29941090 PMCID: PMC6019067 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is crucial for signaling mediated by stress-induced high levels of glucocorticoids. The lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) is a key structure underlying auditory-cued fear conditioning. Here, we demonstrate that genetic disruption of GR in the LA (LAGRKO) resulted in an auditory-cued fear memory deficit for strengthened conditioning. Furthermore, the suppressive effect of a single restraint stress (RS) prior to conditioning on auditory-cued fear memory in floxed GR (control) mice was abolished in LAGRKO mice. Optogenetic induction of long-term depression (LTD) at auditory inputs to the LA reduced auditory-cued fear memory in RS-exposed LAGRKO mice, and in contrast, optogenetic induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) increased auditory-cued fear memory in RS-exposed floxed GR mice. These findings suggest that prior stress suppresses fear conditioning-induced LTP at auditory inputs to the LA in a GR-dependent manner, thereby protecting animals from encoding excessive cued fear memory under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Inoue
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kareem Abdou
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayumi Hayashi-Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Mino
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inokuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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43
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Lee MR, Gardinier KM, Gernert DL, Schober DA, Wright RA, Wang H, Qian Y, Witkin JM, Nisenbaum ES, Kato AS. Structural Determinants of the γ-8 TARP Dependent AMPA Receptor Antagonist. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2631-2647. [PMID: 28825787 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The forebrain specific AMPA receptor antagonist, LY3130481/CERC-611, which selectively antagonizes the AMPA receptors associated with TARP γ-8, an auxiliary subunit enriched in the forebrain, has potent antiepileptic activities without motor side effects. We designated the compounds with such activities as γ-8 TARP dependent AMPA receptor antagonists (γ-8 TDAAs). In this work, we further investigated the mechanisms of action using a radiolabeled γ-8 TDAA and ternary structural modeling with mutational validations to characterize the LY3130481 binding to γ-8. The radioligand binding to the cells heterologously expressing GluA1 and/or γ-8 revealed that γ-8 TDAAs binds to γ-8 alone without AMPA receptors. Homology modeling of γ-8, based on the crystal structures of a distant TARP homologue, murine claudin 19, in conjunction with knowledge of two γ-8 residues previously identified as critical for the LY3130481 TARP-dependent selectivity provided the basis for a binding mode prediction. This allowed further rational mutational studies for characterization of the structural determinants in TARP γ-8 for LY3130481 activities, both thermodynamically as well as kinetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Lee
- Lilly
Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, 10300 Campus Point Dr. #200, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kevin M. Gardinier
- Neuroscience
Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratory, 355 E Merril St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Douglas L. Gernert
- Neuroscience
Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratory, 355 E Merril St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Douglas A. Schober
- Neuroscience
Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratory, 355 E Merril St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Wright
- Neuroscience
Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratory, 355 E Merril St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - He Wang
- Neuroscience
Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratory, 355 E Merril St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Yuewei Qian
- Neuroscience
Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratory, 355 E Merril St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Witkin
- Neuroscience
Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratory, 355 E Merril St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Eric S. Nisenbaum
- Neuroscience
Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratory, 355 E Merril St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Akihiko S. Kato
- Neuroscience
Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratory, 355 E Merril St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
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44
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Szoboszlay M, Kirizs T, Nusser Z. Objective quantification of nanoscale protein distributions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15240. [PMID: 29127366 PMCID: PMC5681686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15695-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale distribution of molecules within small subcellular compartments of neurons critically influences their functional roles. Although, numerous ways of analyzing the spatial arrangement of proteins have been described, a thorough comparison of their effectiveness is missing. Here we present an open source software, GoldExt, with a plethora of measures for quantification of the nanoscale distribution of proteins in subcellular compartments (e.g. synapses) of nerve cells. First, we compared the ability of five different measures to distinguish artificial uniform and clustered patterns from random point patterns. Then, the performance of a set of clustering algorithms was evaluated on simulated datasets with predefined number of clusters. Finally, we applied the best performing methods to experimental data, and analyzed the nanoscale distribution of different pre- and postsynaptic proteins, revealing random, uniform and clustered sub-synaptic distribution patterns. Our results reveal that application of a single measure is sufficient to distinguish between different distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Szoboszlay
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tekla Kirizs
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Nusser
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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45
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Kato AS, Witkin JM. Auxiliary subunits of AMPA receptors: The discovery of a forebrain-selective antagonist, LY3130481/CERC-611. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 147:191-200. [PMID: 28987594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drugs originate from the discovery of compounds, natural or synthetic, that bind to proteins (receptors, enzymes, transporters, etc.), the interaction of which modulates biological cascades that have potential therapeutic benefit. Rational strategies for identifying novel drug therapies are typically based on knowledge of the structure of the target proteins and the design of new chemical entities that modulate these proteins in a beneficial manner. The present review discusses a novel approach to drug discovery based on the identification and characterization of auxiliary proteins, the transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) that are associated with AMPA receptors. Utilizing these auxiliary proteins in compound screening led to the discovery of the TARP-dependent-AMPA forebrain selective receptor antagonist (TDAA), LY3130481/CERC-611 that is currently in clinical development for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko S Kato
- Neuroscience Discovery Research, Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285-0510, United States.
| | - Jeffrey M Witkin
- Neuroscience Discovery Research, Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285-0510, United States.
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46
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Netrin-1 Derived from the Ventricular Zone, but not the Floor Plate, Directs Hindbrain Commissural Axons to the Ventral Midline. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11992. [PMID: 28931893 PMCID: PMC5607380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Netrin-1 (Ntn1) emanating from the ventral midline has been thought to act as a long-range diffusible chemoattractant for commissural axons (CAs). However, CAs still grow towards the midline in the absence of the floor plate (FP), a glial structure occupying the midline. Here, using genetically loss-of-function approaches in mice, we show that Ntn1 derived from the ventricular zone (VZ), but not the FP, is crucial for CA guidance in the mouse hindbrain. During the period of CA growth, Ntn1 is expressed in the ventral two-thirds of the VZ, in addition to the FP. Remarkably, deletion of Ntn1 from the VZ and even from the dorsal VZ highly disrupts CA guidance to the midline, whereas the deletion from the FP has little impact on it. We also show that the severities of CA guidance defects found in the Ntn1 conditional mutants were irrelevant to their FP long-range chemoattractive activities. Our results are incompatible with the prevailing view that Ntn1 is an FP-derived long-range diffusible chemoattractant for CAs, but suggest a novel mechanism that VZ-derived Ntn1 directs CAs to the ventral midline by its local actions.
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47
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Mashud R, Nomachi A, Hayakawa A, Kubouchi K, Danno S, Hirata T, Matsuo K, Nakayama T, Satoh R, Sugiura R, Abe M, Sakimura K, Wakana S, Ohsaki H, Kamoshida S, Mukai H. Impaired lymphocyte trafficking in mice deficient in the kinase activity of PKN1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7663. [PMID: 28794483 PMCID: PMC5550459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Knock-in mice lacking PKN1 kinase activity were generated by introducing a T778A point mutation in the catalytic domain. PKN1[T778A] mutant mice developed to adulthood without apparent external abnormalities, but exhibited lower T and B lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood than those of wild-type (WT) mice. T and B cell development proceeded in an apparently normal fashion in bone marrow and thymus of PKN1[T778A] mice, however, the number of T and B cell counts were significantly higher in the lymph nodes and spleen of mutant mice in those of WT mice. After transfusion into WT recipients, EGFP-labelled PKN1[T778A] donor lymphocytes were significantly less abundant in the peripheral circulation and more abundant in the spleen and lymph nodes of recipient mice compared with EGFP-labelled WT donor lymphocytes, likely reflecting lymphocyte sequestration in the spleen and lymph nodes in a cell-autonomous fashion. PKN1[T778A] lymphocytes showed significantly lower chemotaxis towards chemokines and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) than WT cells in vitro. The biggest migration defect was observed in response to S1P, which is essential for lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphoid organs. These results reveal a novel role of PKN1 in lymphocyte migration and localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Mashud
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Akira Nomachi
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihide Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Kubouchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Sally Danno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takako Hirata
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Matsuo
- Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakayama
- Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Satoh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Reiko Sugiura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Wakana
- Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohsaki
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Shingo Kamoshida
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mukai
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
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Differential excitatory control of 2 parallel basket cell networks in amygdala microcircuits. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2001421. [PMID: 28542195 PMCID: PMC5443504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Information processing in neural networks depends on the connectivity among excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The presence of parallel, distinctly controlled local circuits within a cortical network may ensure an effective and dynamic regulation of microcircuit function. By applying a combination of optogenetics, electrophysiological recordings, and high resolution microscopic techniques, we uncovered the organizing principles of synaptic communication between principal neurons and basket cells in the basal nucleus of the amygdala. In this cortical structure, known to be critical for emotional memory formation, we revealed the presence of 2 parallel basket cell networks expressing either parvalbumin or cholecystokinin. While the 2 basket cell types are mutually interconnected within their own category via synapses and gap junctions, they avoid innervating each other, but form synaptic contacts with axo-axonic cells. Importantly, both basket cell types have the similar potency to control principal neuron spiking, but they receive excitatory input from principal neurons with entirely diverse features. This distinct feedback synaptic excitation enables a markedly different recruitment of the 2 basket cell types upon the activation of local principal neurons. Our data suggest fundamentally different functions for the 2 parallel basket cell networks in circuit operations in the amygdala. The perisomatic region of neurons refers collectively to the membrane surface of the cell body or soma, proximal dendrites, and axon initial segment. This is a unique functional domain in which the activity of a neuron can be controlled in the most effective manner. In the cerebral cortex, the perisomatic region of excitatory principal cells is solely innervated by inhibitory interneurons, which can be divided into 3 functional groups: axo-axonic cells and 2 types of basket cells. The reason why 3 distinct types of inhibitory cells are specialized to control principal cell firing is still unknown. To reveal the possible differences in the role of the 3 interneuron types played in cortical operation, we have investigated the organizing principles of synaptic communication between principal cells and inhibitory cell types in the basal nucleus of the amygdala. In this cortical structure, known to be critical for affective behavior, we revealed that the 2 basket cell types avoid innervating each other but contact axo-axonic cells. Both basket cell types have a similar potency to control principal cell firing, but they receive excitatory input from principal cells with entirely distinct features. Our data suggest fundamentally different functions for the 2 parallel basket cell networks in amygdala operation.
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Danno S, Kubouchi K, Mehruba M, Abe M, Natsume R, Sakimura K, Eguchi S, Oka M, Hirashima M, Yasuda H, Mukai H. PKN2 is essential for mouse embryonic development and proliferation of mouse fibroblasts. Genes Cells 2017; 22:220-236. [PMID: 28102564 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PKN2, a member of the protein kinase N (PKN) family, has been suggested by in vitro culture cell experiments to bind to Rho/Rac GTPases and contributes to cell-cell contact and cell migration. To unravel the in vivo physiological function of PKN2, we targeted the PKN2 gene. Constitutive disruption of the mouse PKN2 gene resulted in growth retardation and lethality before embryonic day (E) 10.5. PKN2-/- embryo did not undergo axial turning and showed insufficient closure of the neural tube. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from PKN2-/- embryos at E9.5 failed to grow. Cre-mediated ablation of PKN2 in PKN2flox/flox MEFs obtained from E14.5 embryos showed impaired cell proliferation, and cell cycle analysis of these MEFs showed a decrease in S-phase population. Our results show that PKN2 is essential for mouse embryonic development and cell-autonomous proliferation of primary MEFs in culture. Comparison of the PKN2-/- phenotype with the phenotypes of PKN1 and PKN3 knockout strains suggests that PKN2 has distinct nonredundant functions in vivo, despite the structural similarity and evolutionary relationship among the three isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Danno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Koji Kubouchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mona Mehruba
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Rie Natsume
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Satoshi Eguchi
- Department of Medical Biology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oka
- Division of Dermatology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-12-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8512, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Yasuda
- Education and Research Support Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mukai
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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50
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Shimizu K, Kobayashi Y, Nakatsuji E, Yamazaki M, Shimba S, Sakimura K, Fukada Y. SCOP/PHLPP1β mediates circadian regulation of long-term recognition memory. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12926. [PMID: 27686624 PMCID: PMC5056436 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning and memory depend on the time of day in various organisms, but it is not clear whether and how the circadian clock regulates memory performance. Here we show that consolidation of long-term recognition memory is a circadian-regulated process, which is blunted by disruption of the hippocampal clock. We focused on SCOP, a key molecule regulating hippocampus-dependent long-term memory for objects. The amounts of SCOP and its binding partner K-Ras in the hippocampal membrane rafts exhibit robust circadian changes, and SCOP knockdown in the hippocampal CA1 impairs long-term memory at night. Circadian changes in stimulus-dependent activation of ERK in the hippocampal neurons are dependent on the SCOP levels in the membrane rafts, while Scop knockout abrogates the activation rhythm. We conclude that long-term memory formation is regulated by the circadian clock through SCOP dynamics in the membrane rafts of the hippocampal CA1. Learning and memory are subject to circadian variation, though the molecular mechanisms behind this are unclear. Here, the authors show SCOP, a regulator of hippocampal memory, undergoes circadian changes in CA1 membrane raft dynamics and contributes to time-dependent changes in long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Shimizu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yodai Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Erika Nakatsuji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Maya Yamazaki
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeki Shimba
- Department of Health Science, School of Pharmacology, Nihon University, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fukada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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