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Lu Y, Hatzipantelis CJ, Langmead CJ, Stewart GD. Molecular insights into orphan G protein-coupled receptors relevant to schizophrenia. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2095-2113. [PMID: 37605621 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia remains a sizable socio-economic burden that continues to be treated with therapeutics based on 70-year old science. All currently approved therapeutics primarily target the dopamine D2 receptor to achieve their efficacy. Whilst dopaminergic dysregulation is a key feature in this disorder, the targeting of dopaminergic machinery has yielded limited efficacy and an appreciable side effect burden. Over the recent decades, numerous drugs that engage non-dopaminergic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have yielded a promise of efficacy without the deleterious side effect profile, yet none have successfully completed clinical studies and progressed to the market. More recently, there has been increased attention around non-dopaminergic GPCR-targeting drugs, which demonstrated efficacy in some schizophrenia symptom domains. This provides renewed hope that effective schizophrenia treatment may lie outside of the dopaminergic space. Despite the potential for muscarinic receptor- (and other well-characterised GPCR families) targeting drugs to treat schizophrenia, they are often plagued with complications such as lack of receptor subtype selectivity and peripheral on-target side effects. Orphan GPCR studies have opened a new avenue of exploration with many demonstrating schizophrenia-relevant mechanisms and a favourable expression profile, thus offering potential for novel drug development. This review discusses centrally expressed orphan GPCRs: GPR3, GPR6, GPR12, GPR52, GPR85, GPR88 and GPR139 and their relationship to schizophrenia. We review their expression, signalling mechanisms and cellular function, in conjunction with small molecule development and structural insights. We seek to provide a snapshot of the growing evidence and development potential of new classes of schizophrenia therapeutics. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Drug Discovery Biology and Neuroscience & Mental Health Therapeutic Program Area, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology and Neuroscience & Mental Health Therapeutic Program Area, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- Phrenix Therapeutics, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gregory D Stewart
- Drug Discovery Biology and Neuroscience & Mental Health Therapeutic Program Area, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- Phrenix Therapeutics, Parkville, Australia
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2
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Falconnier C, Caparros-Roissard A, Decraene C, Lutz PE. Functional genomic mechanisms of opioid action and opioid use disorder: a systematic review of animal models and human studies. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4568-4584. [PMID: 37723284 PMCID: PMC10914629 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, over-prescription of opioids for pain management has driven a steep increase in opioid use disorder (OUD) and death by overdose, exerting a dramatic toll on western countries. OUD is a chronic relapsing disease associated with a lifetime struggle to control drug consumption, suggesting that opioids trigger long-lasting brain adaptations, notably through functional genomic and epigenomic mechanisms. Current understanding of these processes, however, remain scarce, and have not been previously reviewed systematically. To do so, the goal of the present work was to synthesize current knowledge on genome-wide transcriptomic and epigenetic mechanisms of opioid action, in primate and rodent species. Using a prospectively registered methodology, comprehensive literature searches were completed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Of the 2709 articles identified, 73 met our inclusion criteria and were considered for qualitative analysis. Focusing on the 5 most studied nervous system structures (nucleus accumbens, frontal cortex, whole striatum, dorsal striatum, spinal cord; 44 articles), we also conducted a quantitative analysis of differentially expressed genes, in an effort to identify a putative core transcriptional signature of opioids. Only one gene, Cdkn1a, was consistently identified in eleven studies, and globally, our results unveil surprisingly low consistency across published work, even when considering most recent single-cell approaches. Analysis of sources of variability detected significant contributions from species, brain structure, duration of opioid exposure, strain, time-point of analysis, and batch effects, but not type of opioid. To go beyond those limitations, we leveraged threshold-free methods to illustrate how genome-wide comparisons may generate new findings and hypotheses. Finally, we discuss current methodological development in the field, and their implication for future research and, ultimately, better care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Falconnier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives UPR 3212, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alba Caparros-Roissard
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives UPR 3212, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Charles Decraene
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives UPR 3212, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives UMR 7364, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre-Eric Lutz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives UPR 3212, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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3
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Neugebauer V, Presto P, Yakhnitsa V, Antenucci N, Mendoza B, Ji G. Pain-related cortico-limbic plasticity and opioid signaling. Neuropharmacology 2023; 231:109510. [PMID: 36944393 PMCID: PMC10585936 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity in cortico-limbic circuits has been implicated in pain persistence and pain modulation in clinical and preclinical studies. The amygdala has emerged as a key player in the emotional-affective dimension of pain and pain modulation. Reciprocal interactions with medial prefrontal cortical regions undergo changes in pain conditions. Other limbic and paralimbic regions have been implicated in pain modulation as well. The cortico-limbic system is rich in opioids and opioid receptors. Preclinical evidence for their pain modulatory effects in different regions of this highly interactive system, potentially opposing functions of different opioid receptors, and knowledge gaps will be described here. There is little information about cell type- and circuit-specific functions of opioid receptor subtypes related to pain processing and pain-related plasticity in the cortico-limbic system. The important role of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and amygdala in MOR-dependent analgesia is most well-established, and MOR actions in the mesolimbic system appear to be similar but remain to be determined in mPFC regions other than ACC. Evidence also suggests that KOR signaling generally serves opposing functions whereas DOR signaling in the ACC has similar, if not synergistic effects, to MOR. A unifying picture of pain-related neuronal mechanisms of opioid signaling in different elements of the cortico-limbic circuitry has yet to emerge. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Opioid-induced changes in addiction and pain circuits".
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Neugebauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Peyton Presto
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Vadim Yakhnitsa
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Nico Antenucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Brianna Mendoza
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Guangchen Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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4
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Wong TS, Li G, Li S, Gao W, Chen G, Gan S, Zhang M, Li H, Wu S, Du Y. G protein-coupled receptors in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:177. [PMID: 37137892 PMCID: PMC10154768 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are multifactorial disorders with diverse aetiological factors. Identifying treatment targets is challenging because the diseases are resulting from heterogeneous biological, genetic, and environmental factors. Nevertheless, the increasing understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) opens a new possibility in drug discovery. Harnessing our knowledge of molecular mechanisms and structural information of GPCRs will be advantageous for developing effective drugs. This review provides an overview of the role of GPCRs in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Besides, we highlight the emerging opportunities of novel GPCR targets and address recent progress in GPCR drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thian-Sze Wong
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Li
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Chen
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyi Gan
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Manzhan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China.
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 518116, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Du
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Alvarez-Perez B, Poras H, Maldonado R. The inhibition of enkephalin catabolism by dual enkephalinase inhibitor: A novel possible therapeutic approach for opioid use disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:879-893. [PMID: 34378790 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing impact of opioid use disorders on society, there is a disturbing lack of effective medications for their clinical management. An interesting innovative strategy to treat these disorders consists in the protection of endogenous opioid peptides to activate opioid receptors, avoiding the classical opioid-like side effects. Dual enkephalinase inhibitors (DENKIs) physiologically activate the endogenous opioid system by inhibiting the enzymes responsible for the breakdown of enkephalins, protecting endogenous enkephalins and increasing their half-lives and physiological actions. The activation of opioid receptors by the increased enkephalin levels, and their well-demonstrated safety, suggests that DENKIs could represent a novel analgesic therapy and a possible effective treatment for acute opioid withdrawal, as well as a promising alternative to opioid substitution therapy minimizing side effects. This new pharmacological class of compounds could bring effective and safe medications avoiding the major limitations of exogenous opioids, representing a novel approach to overcome the problem of opioid use disorders. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Opioid Pharmacology at the Time of the Opioid Epidemic. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.7/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beltran Alvarez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Zhang J, Song C, Dai J, Li L, Yang X, Chen Z. Mechanism of opioid addiction and its intervention therapy: Focusing on the reward circuitry and mu‐opioid receptor. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e148. [PMID: 35774845 PMCID: PMC9218544 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Jia Zhang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Chang‐Geng Song
- Department of Neurology Xijing Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Ji‐Min Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Xijing Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Ling Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Xiang‐Min Yang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Zhi‐Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
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7
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Rahman MT, Decker AM, Laudermilk L, Maitra R, Ma W, Ben Hamida S, Darcq E, Kieffer BL, Jin C. Evaluation of Amide Bioisosteres Leading to 1,2,3-Triazole Containing Compounds as GPR88 Agonists: Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12397-12413. [PMID: 34387471 PMCID: PMC8395584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The orphan receptor GPR88 has been implicated in a number of striatal-associated disorders, yet its endogenous ligand has not been discovered. We have previously reported that the amine functionality in the 2-AMPP-derived GPR88 agonists can be replaced with an amide (e.g., 4) without losing activity. Later, we have found that the amide can be replaced with a bioisosteric 1,3,4-oxadiazole with improved potency. Here, we report a further study of amide bioisosteric replacement with a variety of azoles containing three heteroatoms, followed by a focused structure-activity relationship study, leading to the discovery of a series of novel 1,4-disubstituted 1H-1,2,3-triazoles as GPR88 agonists. Collectively, our medicinal chemistry efforts have resulted in a potent, efficacious, and brain-penetrant GPR88 agonist 53 (cAMP EC50 = 14 nM), which is a suitable probe to study GPR88 functions in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Toufiqur Rahman
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Ann M Decker
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Lucas Laudermilk
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Rangan Maitra
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Weiya Ma
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Sami Ben Hamida
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- INSERM U1114, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67085, France
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- INSERM U1114, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67085, France
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- INSERM U1114, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67085, France
| | - Chunyang Jin
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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8
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Coffey KR, Lesiak AJ, Marx RG, Vo EK, Garden GA, Neumaier JF. A cAMP-Related Gene Network in Microglia Is Inversely Regulated by Morphine Tolerance and Withdrawal. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 2:180-189. [PMID: 35441155 PMCID: PMC9015218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia have recently been implicated in opioid dependence and withdrawal. Mu opioid receptors are expressed in microglia, and microglia form intimate connections with nearby neurons. Accordingly, opioids have both direct (mu opioid receptor mediated) and indirect (neuron interaction mediated) effects on microglia function. Methods To investigate this directly, we used RNA sequencing of ribosome-associated RNAs from striatal microglia (RiboTag sequencing) after the induction of morphine tolerance and followed by naloxone-precipitated withdrawal (n = 16). We validated the RNA sequencing data by combining fluorescent in situ hybridization with immunohistochemistry for microglia (n = 18). Finally, we expressed and activated the Gi/o-coupled hM4Di DREADD (designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs) in Cx3cr1-expressing cells during morphine withdrawal (n = 18). Results We detected large, inverse changes in RNA translation following opioid tolerance and withdrawal. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis revealed an intriguing network of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-associated genes that are known to be involved in microglial motility, morphology, and interactions with neurons that were downregulated with morphine tolerance and upregulated rapidly by withdrawal. Three-dimensional histological reconstruction of microglia allowed for volumetric, visual colocalization of messenger RNA within individual microglia that validated our bioinformatics results. Direct activation of hM4Di in Cx3cr1-expressing cells exacerbated signs of opioid withdrawal rather than mimicking the effects of morphine. Conclusions These results indicate that Gi signaling and cAMP-associated gene networks are inversely engaged during opioid tolerance and early withdrawal, perhaps revealing a role of microglia in mitigating the consequences of opioids.
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Liu B, Li N, He Z, Zhang X, Duan G. Emerging Role of Serum Glucocorticoid-Regulated Kinase 1 in Pathological Pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:683527. [PMID: 34093127 PMCID: PMC8177009 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.683527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the management of acute and chronic pain in clinical practice remains unsatisfactory due to the existence of limited effective treatments, and novel therapeutic strategies for pathological pain are urgently needed. In the past few decades, the role of serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) in the development of pain and diurnal rhythms has been implicated in numerous studies. The expression levels of SGK1 mRNA and protein were found to be elevated in the spinal cord and brain in various pathological pain models. Blocking SGK1 significantly attenuated pain-like responses and the development of pathological pain. These studies provide strong evidence that SGK1 plays a role in the development of various types of pathological pain and that targeting SGK1 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for pain management. In this review article, we provide evidence from animal models for the potential role of SGK1 in the regulation of pathological pain caused by inflammation, nerve injury, psychiatric disorders, and chronic opioid exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ningbo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangyou Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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de Corde-Skurska A, Krzascik P, Lesniak A, Sacharczuk M, Nagraba L, Bujalska-Zadrozny M. Disulfiram Abrogates Morphine Tolerance-A Possible Role of µ-Opioid Receptor-Related G-Protein Activation in the Striatum. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4057. [PMID: 33919998 PMCID: PMC8071001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key strategies for effective pain management involves delaying analgesic tolerance. Early clinical reports indicate an extraordinary effectiveness of off-label disulfiram-an agent designed for alcohol use disorder-in potentiating opioid analgesia and abrogation of tolerance. Our study aimed to determine whether sustained µ-opioid signaling upon disulfiram exposure contributes to these phenomena. Wistar rats were exposed to acute and chronic disulfiram and morphine cotreatment. Nociceptive thresholds were assessed with the mechanical Randal-Selitto and thermal tail-flick tests. µ-opioid receptor activation in brain structures important for pain processing was carried out with the [35S]GTPγS assay. The results suggest that disulfiram (12.5-50 mg/kg i.g.) augmented morphine antinociception and diminished morphine (25 mg/kg, i.g.) tolerance in a supraspinal, opioid-dependent manner. Disulfiram (25 mg/kg, i.g.) induced a transient enhancement of µ-opioid receptor activation in the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG), rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex and the dorsal striatum at day 1 of morphine treatment. Disulfiram rescued µ-opioid receptor signaling in the nucleus accumbens and caudate-putamen 14 days following morphine and disulfiram cotreatment. The results of this study suggest that striatal µ-opioid receptors may contribute to the abolition of morphine tolerance following concomitant treatment with disulfiram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna de Corde-Skurska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.d.C.-S.); (A.L.)
| | - Pawel Krzascik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Lesniak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.d.C.-S.); (A.L.)
| | - Mariusz Sacharczuk
- Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology in Jastrzebiec, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A Str., 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland;
| | - Lukasz Nagraba
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, Bursztynowa 2 Str., 04-749 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrozny
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.d.C.-S.); (A.L.)
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11
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Rahman MT, Decker AM, Langston TL, Mathews KM, Laudermilk L, Maitra R, Ma W, Darcq E, Kieffer BL, Jin C. Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of (4-Alkoxyphenyl)glycinamides and Bioisosteric 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles as GPR88 Agonists. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14989-15012. [PMID: 33205975 PMCID: PMC7737621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence implicates the orphan G protein-coupled receptor 88 (GPR88) in a number of striatal-associated disorders. In this study, we report the design and synthesis of a series of novel (4-alkoxyphenyl)glycinamides (e.g., 31) and the corresponding 1,3,4-oxadiazole bioisosteres derived from the 2-AMPP scaffold (1) as GPR88 agonists. The 5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (84, 88-90) had significantly improved potency and lower lipophilicity compared to 2-AMPP. Compound 84 had an EC50 of 59 nM in the GPR88 overexpressing cell-based cAMP assay. In addition, 84 had an EC50 of 942 nM in the [35S]GTPγS binding assay using mouse striatal membranes but was inactive in membranes from GPR88 knockout mice, even at a concentration of 100 μM. In vivo pharmacokinetic testing of 90 in rats revealed that the 5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole analogues may have limited brain permeability. Taken together, these results provide the basis for further optimization to develop a suitable agonist to probe GPR88 functions in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Toufiqur Rahman
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, United States
| | - Ann M. Decker
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, United States
| | - Tiffany L. Langston
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, United States
| | - Kelly M. Mathews
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, United States
| | - Lucas Laudermilk
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, United States
| | - Rangan Maitra
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, United States
| | - Weiya Ma
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada,INSERM U1114, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67085, France
| | - Brigitte L. Kieffer
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada,INSERM U1114, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67085, France
| | - Chunyang Jin
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, United States,Corresponding author: Dr. Chunyang Jin, Research Triangle Institute, Post Office Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, Telephone: 919 541-6328, Fax: 919 541-8868,
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12
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Doyle MA, Stark AR, Fejes-Tóth G, Náray-Fejes-Tóth A, Mazei-Robison MS. Behavioral effects of SGK1 knockout in VTA and dopamine neurons. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14751. [PMID: 32901079 PMCID: PMC7478959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71681-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs of abuse cause significant neuroadaptations within the ventral tegmental area (VTA), with alterations in gene expression tied to changes in reward behavior. Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) transcription, catalytic activity, and phosphorylation are upregulated in the VTA by chronic cocaine or morphine treatment, positioning SGK1 as a critical mediator of reward behavior. Using transgenic mouse models, we investigated the effect of SGK1 knockout in the VTA and in dopamine (DA) neurons to evaluate the necessity of protein expression for natural and drug reward behaviors. SGK1 knockdown in the VTA did not impact reward behaviors. Given VTA cellular heterogeneity, we also investigated a DA neuron-specific SGK1 knockout (KO). DA SGK1 KO significantly decreased body weight of adult mice as well as increased general locomotor activity; however, reward behaviors were similarly unaltered. Given that SGK1 mutants virally overexpressed in the VTA are capable of altering drug-associated behavior, our current results suggest that changes in SGK1 protein signaling may be distinct from expression. This work yields novel information on the impact of SGK1 deletion, critical for understanding the role of SGK1 signaling in the central nervous system and evaluating SGK1 as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A Doyle
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 766 Service Rd, ISTB 5017, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ali R Stark
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 766 Service Rd, ISTB 5017, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Geza Fejes-Tóth
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Dartmouth University, Hanover, USA
| | | | - Michelle S Mazei-Robison
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 766 Service Rd, ISTB 5017, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA.
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13
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Delery EC, Edwards S. Neuropeptide and cytokine regulation of pain in the context of substance use disorders. Neuropharmacology 2020; 174:108153. [PMID: 32470337 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are frequently accompanied by affective symptoms that promote negative reinforcement mechanisms contributing to SUD maintenance or progression. Despite their widespread use as analgesics, chronic or excessive exposure to alcohol, opioids, and nicotine produces heightened nociceptive sensitivity, termed hyperalgesia. This review focuses on the contributions of neuropeptide (CRF, melanocortin, opioid peptide) and cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α, chemokine) systems in the development and maintenance of substance-induced hyperalgesia. Few effective therapies exist for either chronic pain or SUD, and the common interaction of these disease states likely complicates their effective treatment. Here we highlight promising new discoveries as well as identify gaps in research that could lead to more effective and even simultaneous treatment of SUDs and co-morbid hyperalgesia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Delery
- Department of Physiology and Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Scott Edwards
- Department of Physiology and Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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14
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Welsch L, Bailly J, Darcq E, Kieffer BL. The Negative Affect of Protracted Opioid Abstinence: Progress and Perspectives From Rodent Models. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:54-63. [PMID: 31521334 PMCID: PMC6898775 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is characterized by the development of a negative emotional state that develops after a history of long-term exposure to opioids. OUD represents a true challenge for treatment and relapse prevention. Human research has amply documented emotional disruption in individuals with an opioid substance use disorder, at both behavioral and brain activity levels; however, brain mechanisms underlying this particular facet of OUD are only partially understood. Animal research has been instrumental in elucidating genes and circuits that adapt to long-term opioid use or are modified by acute withdrawal, but research on long-term consequences of opioid exposure and their relevance to the negative affect of OUD remains scarce. In this article, we review the literature with a focus on two questions: 1) Do we have behavioral models in rodents, and what do they tell us? and 2) What do we know about the neuronal populations involved? Behavioral rodent models have successfully recapitulated behavioral signs of the OUD-related negative affect, and several neurotransmitter systems were identified (i.e., serotonin, dynorphin, corticotropin-releasing factor, oxytocin). Circuit mechanisms driving the negative mood of prolonged abstinence likely involve the 5 main reward-aversion brain centers (i.e., nucleus accumbens, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, amygdala, habenula, and raphe nucleus), all of which express mu opioid receptors and directly respond to opioids. Future work will identify the nature of these mu opioid receptor-expressing neurons throughout reward-aversion networks, characterize their adapted phenotype in opioid abstinent animals, and hopefully position these primary events in the broader picture of mu opioid receptor-associated brain aversion networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Welsch
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Bailly
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Lina Kieffer
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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15
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Fan XY, Shi G, Zhao P. Methylation in Syn and Psd95 genes underlie the inhibitory effect of oxytocin on oxycodone-induced conditioned place preference. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:1464-1475. [PMID: 31735530 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxycodone (Oxy) is one of the most effective analgesics in medicine, but is associated with the development of dependence. Recent studies demonstrating epigenetic changes in the brain after exposure to opiates have provided an insight into possible mechanisms underlying addiction. Oxytocin (OT), an endogenous neuropeptide well known for preventing drug abuse, is a promising pharmacotherapy to counteract addiction. Therefore, we explored the mechanism of Oxy addiction and the role of OT in Oxy-induced epigenetic alterations. In this study, drug-induced changes in conditioned place preference (CPP), i.e. the expression of synaptic proteins and synaptic density in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) were measured. We also sought to identify DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), ten-eleven translocations (TETs), global 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), and DNA methylation of two genes implicated in plasticity (Synaptophysin, Syn; Post-synaptic density protein 95, Psd95). Oxy (3.0 mg/kg, i.p.) induced CPP acquisition in Sprague-Dawley rats. Oxy down-regulated DNMT1 and up-regulated TET1-3, leading to a decrease in global 5-mC levels and differential demethylation at exon 1 of Syn and exon 2 of Psd95. These changes in DNA methylation of Syn and Psd95 elevated the expression of synaptic proteins (SYN, PSD95) and synaptic density in the VTA. Pretreatment with OT (2.5 µg, i.c.v.) via its receptor specifically blocked Oxy CPP, normalized synaptic density, and regulated DNMT1 and TET2-3 causing reverse of DNA demethylation of Syn and Psd95. DNA methylation is an important gene regulation mechanism underlying Oxy CPP, and OT - via its receptor - could specifically inhibit Oxy addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Guang Shi
- Department of Neurology, Liaoning Provincial People's Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, 110004, Shenyang, China.
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16
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Xiao L, Han X, Wang XE, Li Q, Shen P, Liu Z, Cui Y, Chen Y. Spinal Serum- and Glucocorticoid-Regulated Kinase 1 (SGK1) Signaling Contributes to Morphine-Induced Analgesic Tolerance in Rats. Neuroscience 2019; 413:206-218. [PMID: 31220544 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that phosphorylated serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) is associated with spinal nociceptive sensitization by modulating glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). In this study, we determined whether spinal SGK1 signaling contributes to the development of morphine analgesic tolerance. Chronic morphine administration markedly induced phosphorylation of SGK1 in the spinal dorsal horn neurons. Intrathecal injection of SGK1 inhibitor GSK-650394 reduced the development of morphine tolerance with a significant leftward shift in morphine dose-effect curve. Furthermore, spinal inhibition of SGK1 suppressed morphine-induced phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and upregulation of NMDAR NR1 and NR2B expression in the spinal dorsal horn. In contrast, intrathecal administration of NMDAR antagonist MK-801 had no effect on the phosphorylation of SGK1 in morphine-treated rats. In addition, morphine-induced upregulation of NR2B, but not NR1, was significantly abolished by intrathecal pretreatment with PDTC, a specific NF-κB activation inhibitor. Finally, spinal delivery of SGK1 small interfering RNA exhibited similar inhibitory effects on morphine-induced tolerance, phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, as well as upregulation of NR1 and NR2B expression. Our findings demonstrate that spinal SGK1 contributes to the development of morphine tolerance by enhancing NF-κB p65/NMDAR signaling. Interfering spinal SGK1 signaling pathway could be a potential strategy for prevention of morphine tolerance in chronic pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-E Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pu Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Ye N, Li B, Mao Q, Wold EA, Tian S, Allen JA, Zhou J. Orphan Receptor GPR88 as an Emerging Neurotherapeutic Target. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:190-200. [PMID: 30540906 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are recognized as pivotal drug targets involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes, the majority of GPCRs including orphan GPCRs (oGPCRs) are unexploited. GPR88, a brain-specific oGPCR with particularly robust expression in the striatum, regulates diverse brain and behavioral functions, including cognition, mood, movement control, and reward-based learning, and is thus emerging as a novel drug target for central nervous system disorders including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, anxiety, and addiction. Nevertheless, no effective GPR88 synthetic ligands have yet entered into clinical trials, and GPR88 endogenous ligands remain unknown. Despite the recent discovery and early stage study of several GPR88 agonists, such as 2-PCCA, RTI-13951-33, and phenylglycinol derivatives, further research into GPR88 pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and chemical biology is urgently needed to yield structurally diversified GPR88-specific ligands. Drug-like pharmacological tool function and relevant signaling elucidation will also accelerate the evaluation of this receptor as a viable neurotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ye
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Bang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qi Mao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Eric A. Wold
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Sheng Tian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - John A. Allen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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18
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De Sa Nogueira D, Merienne K, Befort K. Neuroepigenetics and addictive behaviors: Where do we stand? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 106:58-72. [PMID: 30205119 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders involve long-term changes in the brain that lead to compulsive drug seeking, craving, and a high probability of relapse. Recent findings have highlighted the role of epigenetic regulations in controlling chromatin access and regulation of gene expression following exposure to drugs of abuse. In the present review, we focus on data investigating genome-wide epigenetic modifications in the brain of addicted patients or in rodent models exposed to drugs of abuse, with a particular focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications associated with transcriptional studies. We highlight critical factors for epigenomic studies in addiction. We discuss new findings related to psychostimulants, alcohol, opiate, nicotine and cannabinoids. We examine the possible transmission of these changes across generations. We highlight developing tools, specifically those that allow investigation of structural reorganization of the chromatin. These have the potential to increase our understanding of alteration of chromatin architecture at gene regulatory regions. Neuroepigenetic mechanisms involved in addictive behaviors could explain persistent phenotypic effects of drugs and, in particular, vulnerability to relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- David De Sa Nogueira
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Team 3 « Abuse of Drugs and Neuroadaptations », Faculté de Psychologie, 12 rue Goethe, F-67000, France
| | - Karine Merienne
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Team 1 « Dynamics of Memory and Epigenetics », Faculté de Psychologie, 12 rue Goethe, F-67000, France
| | - Katia Befort
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Team 3 « Abuse of Drugs and Neuroadaptations », Faculté de Psychologie, 12 rue Goethe, F-67000, France.
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19
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Ben Hamida S, Mendonça-Netto S, Arefin TM, Nasseef MT, Boulos LJ, McNicholas M, Ehrlich AT, Clarke E, Moquin L, Gratton A, Darcq E, Adela HL, Maldonado R, Kieffer BL. Increased Alcohol Seeking in Mice Lacking Gpr88 Involves Dysfunctional Mesocorticolimbic Networks. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:202-212. [PMID: 29580570 PMCID: PMC6054571 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGOUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is devastating and poorly treated, and innovative targets are actively sought for prevention and treatment. The orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR88 is enriched in mesocorticolimbic pathways, and Gpr88 knockout mice show hyperactivity and risk-taking behavior, but a potential role for this receptor in drug abuse has not been examined. METHODS We tested Gpr88 knockout mice for alcohol-drinking and -seeking behaviors. To gain system-level understanding of their alcohol endophenotype, we also analyzed whole-brain functional connectivity in naïve mice using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Gpr88 knockout mice showed increased voluntary alcohol drinking at both moderate and excessive levels, with intact alcohol sedation and metabolism. Mutant mice also showed increased operant responding and motivation for alcohol, while food and chocolate operant self-administration were unchanged. Alcohol place conditioning and alcohol-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens were decreased, suggesting reduced alcohol reward in mutant mice that may partly explain enhanced alcohol drinking. Seed-based voxelwise functional connectivity analysis revealed significant remodeling of mesocorticolimbic centers, whose hallmark was predominant weakening of prefrontal cortex, ventral tegmental area, and amygdala connectional patterns. Also, effective connectivity from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens and amygdala was reduced. CONCLUSIONS Gpr88 deletion disrupts executive, reward, and emotional networks in a configuration that reduces alcohol reward and promotes alcohol seeking and drinking. The functional connectivity signature is reminiscent of alterations observed in individuals at risk for AUD. The Gpr88 gene, therefore, may represent a vulnerability/resilience factor for AUD, and a potential drug target for AUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ben Hamida
- Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France,Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sueli Mendonça-Netto
- Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tanzil Mahmud Arefin
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Md. Taufiq Nasseef
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura-Joy Boulos
- Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France,Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael McNicholas
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aliza Toby Ehrlich
- Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France,Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eleanor Clarke
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luc Moquin
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Gratton
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Harsan Laura Adela
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Engineering science, computer science and imaging laboratory (ICube), Integrative Multimodal Imaging in Healthcare, University of Strasbourg – CNRS, Strasbourg, France,Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brigitte Lina Kieffer
- Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U-964, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR-7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, Strasbourg, France; Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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20
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Maroteaux G, Arefin TM, Harsan LA, Darcq E, Ben Hamida S, Kieffer BL. Lack of anticipatory behavior in Gpr88 knockout mice showed by automatized home cage phenotyping. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 17:e12473. [PMID: 29575471 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models are widely used to understand genetic bases of behavior. Traditional testing typically requires multiple experimental settings, captures only snapshots of behavior and involves human intervention. The recent development of automated home cage monitoring offers an alternative method to study mouse behavior in their familiar and social environment, and over weeks. Here, we used the IntelliCage system to test this approach for mouse phenotyping, and studied mice lacking Gpr88 that have been extensively studied using standard testing. We monitored mouse behavior over 22 days in 4 different phases. In the free adaptation phase, Gpr88 -/- mice showed delayed habituation to the home cage, and increased frequency of same corner returns behavior in their alternation pattern. In the following nose-poke adaptation phase, non-habituation continued, however, mutant mice acquired nose-poke conditioning similar to controls. In the place learning and reversal phase, Gpr88-/- mice developed preference for the water/sucrose corner with some delay, but did not differ from controls for reversal. Finally, in a fixed schedule-drinking phase, control animals showed higher activity during the hour preceding water accessibility, and reduced activity after access to water was terminated. Mutant mice did not show this behavior, showing lack of anticipatory behavior. Our data therefore confirm hyperactivity, non-habituation and altered exploratory behaviors that were reported previously. Learning deficits described in other settings were barely detectable, and a novel phenotype was discovered. Home cage monitoring therefore extends previous findings and shows yet another facet of GPR88 function that deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Maroteaux
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - T M Arefin
- IGBMC-Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Departments of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - L-A Harsan
- Departments of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Engineering Science, Computer Science and Imaging Laboratory (ICube), Integrative Multimodal Imaging in Healthcare, University of Strasbourg - CNRS, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - E Darcq
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - S Ben Hamida
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,IGBMC-Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - B L Kieffer
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,IGBMC-Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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21
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Ehrlich AT, Semache M, Bailly J, Wojcik S, Arefin TM, Colley C, Le Gouill C, Gross F, Lukasheva V, Hogue M, Darcq E, Harsan LA, Bouvier M, Kieffer BL. Mapping GPR88-Venus illuminates a novel role for GPR88 in sensory processing. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:1275-1296. [PMID: 29110094 PMCID: PMC5871604 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
GPR88 is an orphan G-protein coupled receptor originally characterized as a striatal-enriched transcript and is a potential target for neuropsychiatric disorders. At present, gene knockout studies in the mouse have essentially focused on striatal-related functions and a comprehensive knowledge of GPR88 protein distribution and function in the brain is still lacking. Here, we first created Gpr88-Venus knock-in mice expressing a functional fluorescent receptor to fine-map GPR88 localization in the brain. The receptor protein was detected in neuronal soma, fibers and primary cilia depending on the brain region, and remarkably, whole-brain mapping revealed a yet unreported layer-4 cortical lamination pattern specifically in sensory processing areas. The unique GPR88 barrel pattern in L4 of the somatosensory cortex appeared 3 days after birth and persisted into adulthood, suggesting a potential function for GPR88 in sensory integration. We next examined Gpr88 knockout mice for cortical structure and behavioral responses in sensory tasks. Magnetic resonance imaging of live mice revealed abnormally high fractional anisotropy, predominant in somatosensory cortex and caudate putamen, indicating significant microstructural alterations in these GPR88-enriched areas. Further, behavioral analysis showed delayed responses in somatosensory-, visual- and olfactory-dependent tasks, demonstrating a role for GPR88 in the integration rather than perception of sensory stimuli. In conclusion, our data show for the first time a prominent role for GPR88 in multisensory processing. Because sensory integration is disrupted in many psychiatric diseases, our study definitely positions GPR88 as a target to treat mental disorders perhaps via activity on cortical sensory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza T Ehrlich
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Perry Pavilion Room E-3317.1, 6875 boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Meriem Semache
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Bailly
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Perry Pavilion Room E-3317.1, 6875 boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Stefan Wojcik
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Perry Pavilion Room E-3317.1, 6875 boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Tanzil M Arefin
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Christine Colley
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Perry Pavilion Room E-3317.1, 6875 boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Christian Le Gouill
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Florence Gross
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Perry Pavilion Room E-3317.1, 6875 boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Viktoriya Lukasheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mireille Hogue
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Perry Pavilion Room E-3317.1, 6875 boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Laura-Adela Harsan
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Engineering Science, Computer Science and Imaging Laboratory (ICube), Integrative Multimodal Imaging in Healthcare, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Perry Pavilion Room E-3317.1, 6875 boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada.
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.
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22
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Striatal GPR88 Modulates Foraging Efficiency. J Neurosci 2017; 37:7939-7947. [PMID: 28729439 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2439-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum is anatomically and behaviorally implicated in behaviors that promote efficient foraging. To investigate this function, we studied instrumental choice behavior in mice lacking GPR88, a striatum-enriched orphan G-protein-coupled receptor that modulates striatal medium spiny neuron excitability. Our results reveal that hungry mice lacking GPR88 (KO mice) were slow to acquire food-reinforced lever press but could lever press similar to controls on a progressive ratio schedule. Both WT and KO mice discriminated between reward and no-reward levers; however, KO mice failed to discriminate based on relative quantity-reward (1 vs 3 food pellets) or effort (3 vs 9 lever presses). We also demonstrate preference for the high-reward (3 pellet) lever was selectively reestablished when GPR88 expression was restored to the striatum. We propose that GPR88 expression within the striatum is integral to efficient action-selection during foraging.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Evolutionary pressure driving energy homeostasis favored detection and comparison of caloric value. In wild and laboratory settings, neural systems involved in energy homeostasis bias foraging to maximize energy efficiency. This is observed when foraging behaviors are guided by superior nutritional density or minimized caloric expenditure. The striatum is anatomically and functionally well placed to perform the sensory and motor integration necessary for efficient action selection during foraging. However, few studies have examined this behavioral phenomenon or elucidated underlying molecular mechanisms. Both humans and mice with nonfunctional GPR88 have been shown to present striatal dysfunctions and impaired learning. We demonstrate that GPR88 expression is necessary to efficiently integrate effort and energy density information guiding instrumental choice.
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23
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Khan MZ, He L. Neuro-psychopharmacological perspective of Orphan receptors of Rhodopsin (class A) family of G protein-coupled receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1181-1207. [PMID: 28289782 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the central nervous system (CNS), G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most fruitful targets for neuropsychopharmacological drug development. Rhodopsin (class A) is the most studied class of GPCR and includes orphan receptors for which the endogenous ligand is not known or is unclear. Characterization of orphan GPCRs has proven to be challenging, and the production pace of GPCR-based drugs has been incredibly slow. OBJECTIVE Determination of the functions of these receptors may provide unexpected insight into physiological and neuropathological processes. Advances in various methods and techniques to investigate orphan receptors including in situ hybridization and knockdown/knockout (KD/KO) showed extensive expression of these receptors in the mammalian brain and unmasked their physiological and neuropathological roles. Due to these rapid progress and development, orphan GPCRs are rising as a new and promising class of drug targets for neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSION This review presents a neuropsychopharmacological perspective of 26 orphan receptors of rhodopsin (class A) family, namely GPR3, GPR6, GPR12, GPR17, GPR26, GPR35, GPR39, GPR48, GPR49, GPR50, GPR52, GPR55, GPR61, GPR62, GPR63, GPR68, GPR75, GPR78, GPR83, GPR84, GPR85, GPR88, GPR153, GPR162, GPR171, and TAAR6. We discussed the expression of these receptors in mammalian brain and their physiological roles. Furthermore, we have briefly highlighted their roles in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, neuroinflammation, inflammatory pain, bipolar and schizophrenic disorders, epilepsy, anxiety, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahid Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China.
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
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24
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Jin C, Decker AM, Harris DL, Blough BE. Effect of Substitution on the Aniline Moiety of the GPR88 Agonist 2-PCCA: Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationships, and Molecular Modeling Studies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1418-1432. [PMID: 27499251 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR88, an orphan receptor richly expressed in the striatum, is implicated in a number of basal ganglia-associated disorders. In order to elucidate the functions of GPR88, an in vivo probe appropriate for CNS investigation is required. We previously reported that 2-PCCA was able to modulate GPR88-mediated cAMP production through a Gαi-coupled pathway. Early structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies suggested that the aniline moiety of 2-PCCA is a suitable site for diverse modifications. Aimed at elucidating structural requirements in this region, we have designed and synthesized a series of analogues bearing a variety of substituents at the phenyl ring of the aniline moiety. Several compounds (e.g., 5j, 5o) showed improved or comparable potency, but have lower lipophilicity than 2-PCCA (clogP 6.19). These compounds provide the basis for further optimization to probe GPR88 in vivo functions. Computational studies confirmed the SAR trends and supported the notion that 4'-substituents on the biphenyl ring exit through a largely hydrophobic binding site to the extracellular loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Jin
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Ann M. Decker
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Danni L. Harris
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Bruce E. Blough
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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25
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Meirsman A, Le Merrer J, Pellissier L, Diaz J, Clesse D, Kieffer B, Becker J. Mice Lacking GPR88 Show Motor Deficit, Improved Spatial Learning, and Low Anxiety Reversed by Delta Opioid Antagonist. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:917-27. [PMID: 26188600 PMCID: PMC4670823 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GPR88 is an orphan G protein coupled receptor highly enriched in the striatum, and previous studies have focused on GPR88 function in striatal physiology. The receptor is also expressed in other brain areas, and here we examined whether GPR88 function extends beyond striatal-mediated responses. METHODS We created Gpr88 knockout mice and examined both striatal and extrastriatal regions at molecular and cellular levels. We also tested striatum-, hippocampus-, and amygdala-dependent behaviors in Gpr88(-/-) mice using extensive behavioral testing. RESULTS We found increased G protein coupling for delta opioid receptor (DOR) and mu opioid, but not other Gi/o coupled receptors, in the striatum of Gpr88 knockout mice. We also found modifications in gene transcription, dopamine and serotonin contents, and dendritic morphology inside and outside the striatum. Behavioral testing confirmed striatal deficits (hyperactivity, stereotypies, motor impairment in rotarod). In addition, mutant mice performed better in spatial tasks dependent on hippocampus (Y-maze, novel object recognition, dual solution cross-maze) and also showed markedly reduced levels of anxiety (elevated plus maze, marble burying, novelty suppressed feeding). Strikingly, chronic blockade of DOR using naltrindole partially improved motor coordination and normalized spatial navigation and anxiety of Gpr88(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that GPR88 is implicated in a large repertoire of behavioral responses that engage motor activity, spatial learning, and emotional processing. Our data also reveal functional antagonism between GPR88 and DOR activities in vivo. The therapeutic potential of GPR88 therefore extends to cognitive and anxiety disorders, possibly in interaction with other receptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.C. Meirsman
- Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - J. Le Merrer
- Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - L.P. Pellissier
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - J. Diaz
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM UMR-894 - Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - D. Clesse
- Département de Neurobiologie des rythmes, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR-3212, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - B.L. Kieffer
- Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - J.A.J. Becker
- Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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26
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Waraczynski M. Toward a systems-oriented approach to the role of the extended amygdala in adaptive responding. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:177-194. [PMID: 27216212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Research into the structure and function of the basal forebrain macrostructure called the extended amygdala (EA) has recently seen considerable growth. This paper reviews that work, with the objectives of identifying underlying themes and developing a common goal towards which investigators of EA function might work. The paper begins with a brief review of the structure and the ontological and phylogenetic origins of the EA. It continues with a review of research into the role of the EA in both aversive and appetitive states, noting that these two seemingly disparate avenues of research converge on the concept of reinforcement - either negative or positive - of adaptive responding. These reviews lead to a proposal as to where the EA may fit in the organization of the basal forebrain, and an invitation to investigators to place their findings in a unifying conceptual framework of the EA as a collection of neural ensembles that mediate adaptive responding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg Waraczynski
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, WI 53190, USA.
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27
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Donaldson R, Sun Y, Liang DY, Zheng M, Sahbaie P, Dill DL, Peltz G, Buck KJ, Clark JD. The multiple PDZ domain protein Mpdz/MUPP1 regulates opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:313. [PMID: 27129385 PMCID: PMC4850636 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioids are a mainstay for the treatment of chronic pain. Unfortunately, therapy-limiting maladaptations such as loss of treatment effect (tolerance), and paradoxical opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) can occur. The objective of this study was to identify genes responsible for opioid tolerance and OIH. RESULTS These studies used a well-established model of ascending morphine administration to induce tolerance, OIH and other opioid maladaptations in 23 strains of inbred mice. Genome-wide computational genetic mapping was then applied to the data in combination with a false discovery rate filter. Transgenic mice, gene expression experiments and immunoprecipitation assays were used to confirm the functional roles of the most strongly linked gene. The behavioral data processed using computational genetic mapping and false discovery rate filtering provided several strongly linked biologically plausible gene associations. The strongest of these was the highly polymorphic Mpdz gene coding for the post-synaptic scaffolding protein Mpdz/MUPP1. Heterozygous Mpdz +/- mice displayed reduced opioid tolerance and OIH. Mpdz gene expression and Mpdz/MUPP1 protein levels were lower in the spinal cords of low-adapting 129S1/Svlm mice than in high-adapting C57BL/6 mice. Morphine did not alter Mpdz expression levels. In addition, association of Mpdz/MUPP1 with its known binding partner CaMKII did not differ between these high- and low-adapting strains. CONCLUSIONS The degrees of maladaptive changes in response to repeated administration of morphine vary greatly across inbred strains of mice. Variants of the multiple PDZ domain gene Mpdz may contribute to the observed inter-strain variability in tolerance and OIH by virtue of changes in the level of their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Donaldson
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Sun
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave., Anesthesiology, 112A, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - De-Yong Liang
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave., Anesthesiology, 112A, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peyman Sahbaie
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave., Anesthesiology, 112A, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David L Dill
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gary Peltz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kari J Buck
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - J David Clark
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave., Anesthesiology, 112A, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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28
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Massart R, Mignon V, Stanic J, Munoz-Tello P, Becker JAJ, Kieffer BL, Darmon M, Sokoloff P, Diaz J. Developmental and adult expression patterns of the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR88 in the rat: Establishment of a dual nuclear-cytoplasmic localization. J Comp Neurol 2016; 524:2776-802. [PMID: 26918661 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
GPR88 is a neuronal cerebral orphan G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that has been linked to various psychiatric disorders. However, no extensive description of its localization has been provided so far. Here, we investigate the spatiotemporal expression of the GPR88 in prenatal and postnatal rat tissues by using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. GPR88 protein was initially detected at embryonic day 16 (E16) in the striatal primordium. From E16-E20 to adulthood, the highest expression levels of both protein and mRNA were observed in striatum, olfactory tubercle, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and neocortex, whereas in spinal cord, pons, and medulla GPR88 expression remains discrete. We observed an intracellular redistribution of GPR88 during cortical lamination. In the cortical plate of the developing cortex, GPR88 presents a classical GPCR plasma membrane/cytoplasmic localization that shifts, on the day of birth, to nuclei of neurons progressively settling in layers V to II. This intranuclear localization remains throughout adulthood and was also detected in monkey and human cortex as well as in the amygdala and hypothalamus of rats. Apart from the central nervous system, GPR88 was transiently expressed at high levels in peripheral tissues, including adrenal cortex (E16-E21) and cochlear ganglia (E19-P3), and also at moderate levels in retina (E18-E19) and spleen (E21-P7). The description of the GPR88 anatomical expression pattern may provide precious functional insights into this novel receptor. Furthermore, the GRP88 nuclear localization suggests nonclassical GPCR modes of action of the protein that could be relevant for cortical development and psychiatric disorders. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2776-2802, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Massart
- INSERM UMR894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, 75014, Paris, France.,Neurology-Psychiatry Department, Pierre Fabre Research Institute, 81100, Castres, France
| | - Virginie Mignon
- INSERM UMR894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, 75014, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Stanic
- INSERM UMR894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Paola Munoz-Tello
- INSERM UMR894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Jerôme A J Becker
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Michèle Darmon
- INSERM UMR894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Sokoloff
- Neurology-Psychiatry Department, Pierre Fabre Research Institute, 81100, Castres, France
| | - Jorge Diaz
- INSERM UMR894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, 75014, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
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29
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Erbs E, Faget L, Ceredig RA, Matifas A, Vonesch JL, Kieffer BL, Massotte D. Impact of chronic morphine on delta opioid receptor-expressing neurons in the mouse hippocampus. Neuroscience 2015; 313:46-56. [PMID: 26480813 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Delta opioid (DOP) receptors participate to the control of chronic pain and emotional responses. Recent data also identified their implication in spatial memory and drug-context associations pointing to a critical role of hippocampal delta receptors. To better appreciate the impact of repeated drug exposure on their modulatory activity, we used fluorescent knock-in mice that express a functional delta receptor fused at its carboxy-terminus with the green fluorescent protein in place of the native receptor. We then tested the impact of chronic morphine treatment on the density and distribution of delta receptor-expressing cells in the hippocampus. A decrease in delta receptor-positive cell density was observed in the CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus without alteration of the distribution across the different GABAergic populations that mainly express delta receptors. This effect partly persisted after four weeks of morphine abstinence. In addition, we observed increased DOP receptor expression at the cell surface compared to saline-treated animals. In the hippocampus, chronic morphine administration thus induces DOP receptor cellular redistribution and durably decreases delta receptor-expressing cell density. Such modifications are likely to alter hippocampal physiology, and to contribute to long-term cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Erbs
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/UdS, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - L Faget
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/UdS, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - R A Ceredig
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR 3212, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - A Matifas
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/UdS, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - J-L Vonesch
- Imaging Center IGBMC, CNRS/INSERM/UdS, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - B L Kieffer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/UdS, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France; Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875, Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal (Quebec) H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - D Massotte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/UdS, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France; Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR 3212, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67084 Strasbourg, France.
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A novel anxiogenic role for the delta opioid receptor expressed in GABAergic forebrain neurons. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:404-15. [PMID: 25444168 PMCID: PMC4297504 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The delta opioid receptor (DOR) is broadly expressed throughout the nervous system; it regulates chronic pain, emotional responses, motivation, and memory. Neural circuits underlying DOR activities have been poorly explored by genetic approaches. We used conditional mouse mutagenesis to elucidate receptor function in GABAergic neurons of the forebrain. METHODS We characterized DOR distribution in the brain of Dlx5/6-CreXOprd1(fl/fl) (Dlx-DOR) mice and tested main central DOR functions through behavioral testing. RESULTS The DOR proteins were strongly deleted in olfactory bulb and striatum and remained intact in cortex and basolateral amygdala. Olfactory perception, circadian activity, and despair-like behaviors were unchanged. In contrast, locomotor stimulant effects of SNC80 (DOR agonist) and SKF81297 (D1 agonist) were abolished and increased, respectively. The Dlx-DOR mice showed lower levels of anxiety in the elevated plus maze, opposing the known high anxiety in constitutive DOR knockout animals. Also, Dlx-DOR mice reached the food more rapidly in a novelty suppressed feeding task, despite their lower motivation for food reward observed in an operant paradigm. Finally, c-fos protein staining after novelty suppressed feeding was strongly reduced in amygdala, concordant with the low anxiety phenotype of Dlx-DOR mice. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that DORs expressed in the forebrain mediate the described locomotor effect of SNC80 and inhibit D1-stimulated hyperactivity. Our data also reveal an unanticipated anxiogenic role for this particular DOR subpopulation, with a potential novel adaptive role. In emotional responses, DORs exert dual anxiolytic and anxiogenic roles, both of which may have implications in the area of anxiety disorders.
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31
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Herrero-Turrión MJ, Rodríguez-Martín I, López-Bellido R, Rodríguez RE. Whole-genome expression profile in zebrafish embryos after chronic exposure to morphine: identification of new genes associated with neuronal function and mu opioid receptor expression. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:874. [PMID: 25294025 PMCID: PMC4201762 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A great number of studies have investigated changes induced by morphine exposure in gene expression using several experimental models. In this study, we examined gene expression changes during chronic exposure to morphine during maturation and differentiation of zebrafish CNS. RESULTS Microarray analysis showed 254 genes whose expression was identified as different by at least 1.3 fold change following chronic morphine exposure as compared to controls. Of these, several novel genes (grb2, copb2, otpb, magi1b, grik-l, bnip4 and sox19b) have been detected for the first time in an experimental animal model treated with morphine. We have also identified a subset of genes (dao.1, wls, bnip4 and camk1γb) differentially expressed by chronic morphine exposure whose expression is related to mu opioid receptor gene expression. Altered expression of copb2, bnip4, sox19b, otpb, dao.1, grik-l and wls is indicative of modified neuronal development, CNS patterning processes, differentiation and dopaminergic neurotransmission, serotonergic signaling pathway, and glutamatergic neurotransmission. The deregulation of camk1γb signaling genes suggests an activation of axonogenesis and dendritogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified different functional classes of genes and individual candidates involved in the mechanisms underlying susceptibility to morphine actions related to CNS development. These results open new lines to study the treatment of pain and the molecular mechanisms involved in addiction. We also found a set of zebrafish-specific morphine-induced genes, which may be putative targets in human models for addiction and pain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raquel E Rodríguez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain.
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Heller EA, Kaska S, Fallon B, Ferguson D, Kennedy PJ, Neve RL, Nestler EJ, Mazei-Robison MS. Morphine and cocaine increase serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 activity in the ventral tegmental area. J Neurochem 2014; 132:243-53. [PMID: 25099208 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Drugs of abuse modulate the function and activity of the mesolimbic dopamine circuit. To identify novel mediators of drug-induced neuroadaptations in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), we performed RNA sequencing analysis on VTA samples from mice administered repeated saline, morphine, or cocaine injections. One gene that was similarly up-regulated by both drugs was serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1). SGK1 activity, as measured by phosphorylation of its substrate N-myc downstream regulated gene (NDRG), was also increased robustly by chronic drug treatment. Increased NDRG phosphorylation was evident 1 but not 24 h after the last drug injection. SGK1 phosphorylation itself was similarly modulated. To determine the role of increased SGK1 activity on drug-related behaviors, we over-expressed constitutively active (CA) SGK1 in the VTA. SGK1-CA expression reduced locomotor sensitization elicited by repeated cocaine, but surprisingly had the opposite effect and promoted locomotor sensitization to morphine, without affecting the initial locomotor responses to either drug. SGK1-CA expression did not significantly affect morphine or cocaine conditioned place preference, although there was a trend toward increased conditioned place preference with both drugs. Further characterizing the role of this kinase in drug-induced changes in VTA may lead to improved understanding of neuroadaptations critical to drug dependence and addiction. We find that repeated, but not acute, morphine or cocaine administration induces an increase in serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK1) gene expression and activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). This increase in SGK1 activity may play a role in drug-dependent behaviors and suggests a novel signaling cascade for potential intervention in drug dependence and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Heller
- Fishberg Dept. of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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33
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Jin C, Decker AM, Huang XP, Gilmour BP, Blough BE, Roth BL, Hu Y, Gill JB, Zhang XP. Synthesis, pharmacological characterization, and structure-activity relationship studies of small molecular agonists for the orphan GPR88 receptor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:576-87. [PMID: 24793972 DOI: 10.1021/cn500082p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR88 is an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) enriched in the striatum. Genetic deletion and gene expression studies have suggested that GPR88 plays an important role in the regulation of striatal functions and is implicated in psychiatric disorders. The signal transduction pathway and receptor functions of GPR88, however, are still largely unknown due to the lack of endogenous and synthetic ligands. In this paper, we report the synthesis of a GPR88 agonist 2-PCCA and its pure diastereomers, which were functionally characterized in both transiently and stably expressing GPR88 HEK293 cells. 2-PCCA inhibited isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner in cells expressing GPR88 but not in the control cells, suggesting that the observed cAMP inhibition is mediated through GPR88 and that GPR88 is coupled to Gαi. 2-PCCA did not induce calcium mobilization in GPR88 cells, indicating no Gαq-mediated response. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of 2-PCCA was also conducted to explore the key structural features for GPR88 agonist activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Jin
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Ann M. Decker
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- National
Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department
of Pharmacology and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Brian P. Gilmour
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Bruce E. Blough
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Bryan L. Roth
- National
Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department
of Pharmacology and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yang Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Joseph B. Gill
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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Arias-Carrión O, Caraza-Santiago X, Salgado-Licona S, Salama M, Machado S, Nardi AE, Menéndez-González M, Murillo-Rodríguez E. Orquestic regulation of neurotransmitters on reward-seeking behavior. Int Arch Med 2014; 7:29. [PMID: 25061480 PMCID: PMC4108978 DOI: 10.1186/1755-7682-7-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ventral tegmental area is strongly associated with the reward system. Dopamine is released in areas such as the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex as a result of rewarding experiences such as food, sex, and neutral stimuli that become associated with them. Electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area or its output pathways can itself serve as a potent reward. Different drugs that increase dopamine levels are intrinsically rewarding. Although the dopaminergic system represent the cornerstone of the reward system, other neurotransmitters such as endogenous opioids, glutamate, γ-Aminobutyric acid, acetylcholine, serotonin, adenosine, endocannabinoids, orexins, galanin and histamine all affect this mesolimbic dopaminergic system. Consequently, genetic variations of neurotransmission are thought influence reward processing that in turn may affect distinctive social behavior and susceptibility to addiction. Here, we discuss current evidence on the orquestic regulation of different neurotranmitters on reward-seeking behavior and its potential effect on drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico ; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General Ajusco Medio, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Xanic Caraza-Santiago
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Salgado-Licona
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Toxicology Department and Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sergio Machado
- Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Physical Activity Neuroscience Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Eric Murillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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Bajo M, Madamba SG, Roberto M, Siggins GR. Acute morphine alters GABAergic transmission in the central amygdala during naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal: role of cyclic AMP. Front Integr Neurosci 2014; 8:45. [PMID: 24926240 PMCID: PMC4044973 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2014.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The central amygdala (CeA) plays an important role in opioid addiction. Therefore, we examined the effects of naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal (WD) on GABAergic transmission in rat CeA neurons using whole-cell recordings with naloxone in the bath. The basal frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) increased in CeA neurons from WD compared to placebo rats. Acute morphine (10 μ M) had mixed effects (≥20% change from baseline) on mIPSCs in placebo and WD rats. In most CeA neurons (64%) from placebo rats, morphine significantly decreased mIPSC frequency and amplitude. In 32% of placebo neurons, morphine significantly increased mIPSC amplitudes but had no effect on mIPSC frequency. In WD rats, acute morphine significantly increased mIPSC frequency but had no effect on mIPSC amplitude in 41% of CeA neurons. In 45% of cells, acute morphine significantly decreased mIPSC frequency and amplitude. Pre-treatment with the cyclic AMP inhibitor (R)-adenosine, cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogenphosphorothioate) triethylammonium (RP), prevented acute morphine-induced potentiation of mIPSCs. Pre-treatment of slices with the Gi/o G-protein subunit inhibitor pertussis toxin (PTX) did not prevent the acute morphine-induced enhancement or inhibition of mIPSCs. PTX and RP decreased basal mIPSC frequencies and amplitudes only in WD rats. The results suggest that inhibition of GABAergic transmission in the CeA by acute morphine is mediated by PTX-insensitive mechanisms, although PTX-sensitive mechanisms cannot be ruled out for non-morphine responsive cells; by contrast, potentiation of GABAergic transmission is mediated by activated cAMP signaling that also mediates the increased basal GABAergic transmission in WD rats. Our data indicate that during the acute phase of WD, the CeA opioid and GABAergic systems undergo neuroadaptative changes conditioned by a previous chronic morphine exposure and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bajo
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samuel G Madamba
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - George R Siggins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA
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36
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Erbs E, Faget L, Scherrer G, Matifas A, Filliol D, Vonesch JL, Koch M, Kessler P, Hentsch D, Birling MC, Koutsourakis M, Vasseur L, Veinante P, Kieffer BL, Massotte D. A mu-delta opioid receptor brain atlas reveals neuronal co-occurrence in subcortical networks. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:677-702. [PMID: 24623156 PMCID: PMC4341027 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Opioid receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that modulate brain function at all levels of neural integration, including autonomic, sensory, emotional and cognitive processing. Mu (MOR) and delta (DOR) opioid receptors functionally interact in vivo, but whether interactions occur at circuitry, cellular or molecular levels remains unsolved. To challenge the hypothesis of MOR/DOR heteromerization in the brain, we generated redMOR/greenDOR double knock-in mice and report dual receptor mapping throughout the nervous system. Data are organized as an interactive database offering an opioid receptor atlas with concomitant MOR/DOR visualization at subcellular resolution, accessible online. We also provide co-immunoprecipitation-based evidence for receptor heteromerization in these mice. In the forebrain, MOR and DOR are mainly detected in separate neurons, suggesting system-level interactions in high-order processing. In contrast, neuronal co-localization is detected in subcortical networks essential for survival involved in eating and sexual behaviors or perception and response to aversive stimuli. In addition, potential MOR/DOR intracellular interactions within the nociceptive pathway offer novel therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Erbs
- Department of Neurogenetics and Translational Medicine, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
| | - Lauren Faget
- Department of Neurogenetics and Translational Medicine, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
- Present Address: University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Gregory Scherrer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305 CA USA
| | - Audrey Matifas
- Department of Neurogenetics and Translational Medicine, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
| | - Dominique Filliol
- Department of Neurogenetics and Translational Medicine, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vonesch
- Imaging Centre, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, BP 10142, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
| | - Marc Koch
- Imaging Centre, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, BP 10142, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
| | - Pascal Kessler
- Imaging Centre, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, BP 10142, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
| | - Didier Hentsch
- Imaging Centre, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, BP 10142, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
| | | | - Manoussos Koutsourakis
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
- Present Address: Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB 10 1SA UK
| | - Laurent Vasseur
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
| | - Pierre Veinante
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives CNRS UPR 3212, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg cedex 03, France
| | - Brigitte L. Kieffer
- Department of Neurogenetics and Translational Medicine, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
| | - Dominique Massotte
- Department of Neurogenetics and Translational Medicine, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives CNRS UPR 3212, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg cedex 03, France
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Hisatsune C, Ogawa N, Mikoshiba K. Striatum-specific expression of Cre recombinase using the Gpr88 promoter in mice. Transgenic Res 2013; 22:1241-7. [PMID: 23624740 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-013-9711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We generated a transgenic (Tg) mouse line expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the Gpr88 promoter within a bacterial artificial chromosome clone. We crossed the established Tg mice with reporter mice (CAG-CAT-Z Tg), which express Escherichia coli lacZ in response to Cre-mediated excision of the loxP-flanked chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene, and examined the Cre activity in the Tg mouse brains by assessing β-galactosidase activity. Cre activity was specifically detected in the caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercle of the Gpr88-Cre Tg mouse brain. Medium spiny neurons within the caudate-putamen exhibited Cre activity. Thus, Gpr88-Cre Tg mice could be a useful tool for analyzing the function of the basal ganglia by using Cre/loxP systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Hisatsune
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako City, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan,
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38
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Lack of GPR88 enhances medium spiny neuron activity and alters motor- and cue-dependent behaviors. Nat Neurosci 2012; 15:1547-55. [PMID: 23064379 PMCID: PMC3483418 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The striatum regulates motor control, reward, and learning. Abnormal function of striatal GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) is believed to contribute to the deficits in these processes that are observed in many neuropsychiatric diseases. The orphan G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR88 is robustly expressed in MSNs and regulated by neuropharmacological drugs, but its contribution to MSN physiology and behavior is unclear. Here we show that in the absence of GPR88, MSNs have increased glutamatergic excitation and reduced GABAergic inhibition that together promote enhanced firing rates in vivo, resulting in hyperactivity, poor motor-coordination, and impaired cue-based learning in mice. Targeted viral expression of GPR88 in MSNs rescues the molecular and electrophysiological properties and normalizes behavior, suggesting that aberrant MSN activation in the absence of GPR88 underlies behavioral deficits and its dysfunction may contribute to behaviors observed in neuropsychiatric disease.
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Le Merrer J, Befort K, Gardon O, Filliol D, Darcq E, Dembele D, Becker JAJ, Kieffer BL. Protracted abstinence from distinct drugs of abuse shows regulation of a common gene network. Addict Biol 2012; 17:1-12. [PMID: 21955143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic brain disorder. Prolonged abstinence from drugs of abuse involves dysphoria, high stress responsiveness and craving. The neurobiology of drug abstinence, however, is poorly understood. We previously identified a unique set of hundred mu-opioid receptor-dependent genes in the extended amygdala, a key site for hedonic and stress processing in the brain. Here we examined these candidate genes either immediately after chronic morphine, nicotine, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol or alcohol, or following 4 weeks of abstinence. Regulation patterns strongly differed among chronic groups. In contrast, gene regulations strikingly converged in the abstinent groups and revealed unforeseen common adaptations within a novel huntingtin-centered molecular network previously unreported in addiction research. This study demonstrates that, regardless the drug, a specific set of transcriptional regulations develops in the abstinent brain, which possibly contributes to the negative affect characterizing protracted abstinence. This transcriptional signature may represent a hallmark of drug abstinence and a unitary adaptive molecular mechanism in substance abuse disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Le Merrer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM and CNRS, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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40
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Contet C, Gardon O, Filliol D, Becker JAJ, Koob GF, Kieffer BL. Identification of genes regulated in the mouse extended amygdala by excessive ethanol drinking associated with dependence. Addict Biol 2011; 16:615-9. [PMID: 21392173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholism is characterized by a progressive loss of control over ethanol intake. The purpose of this study was to identify transcriptional changes selectively associated with excessive ethanol drinking in dependent mice, as opposed to non-dependent mice maintaining a stable voluntary consumption or mice solely undergoing forced intoxication. We measured expression levels of 106 candidate genes in the extended amygdala, a key brain structure for the development of drug addiction. Cluster analysis identified 17 and 15 genes selectively induced or repressed, respectively, under conditions of excessive drinking. These genes belong to signaling pathways involved in neurotransmission and transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Contet
- The Scripps Research Institute, Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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41
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Karaji AG, Reiss D, Matifas A, Kieffer BL, Gavériaux-Ruff C. Influence of Endogenous Opioid Systems on T Lymphocytes as Assessed by the Knockout of Mu, Delta and Kappa Opioid Receptors. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2011; 6:608-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-011-9314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Borsani E. Aquaporins in sensory and pain transmission. Curr Neuropharmacol 2011; 8:122-7. [PMID: 21119883 PMCID: PMC2923366 DOI: 10.2174/157015910791233187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data suggest a possible involvement of Aquaporins (AQPs) in pain transmission. AQPs are small membrane channel proteins involved in osmoregulation and, to date, AQP1, AQP2, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, AQP8 and AQP9 have been found in the nervous system. Nevertheless only AQP1, AQP2 and AQP4 seem to be involved in nociception. In this review, direct and indirect evidences of the role of AQPs in pain processing will be reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Borsani
- Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotecnologies, University of Brescia, V.le Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Gaveriaux-Ruff C, Nozaki C, Nadal X, Hever XC, Weibel R, Matifas A, Reiss D, Filliol D, Nassar MA, Wood JN, Maldonado R, Kieffer BL. Genetic ablation of delta opioid receptors in nociceptive sensory neurons increases chronic pain and abolishes opioid analgesia. Pain 2011; 152:1238-1248. [PMID: 21295407 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Opioid receptors are major actors in pain control and are broadly distributed throughout the nervous system. A major challenge in pain research is the identification of key opioid receptor populations within nociceptive pathways, which control physiological and pathological pain. In particular, the respective contribution of peripheral vs. central receptors remains unclear, and it has not been addressed by genetic approaches. To investigate the contribution of peripheral delta opioid receptors in pain control, we created conditional knockout mice where delta receptors are deleted specifically in peripheral Na(V)1.8-positive primary nociceptive neurons. Mutant mice showed normal pain responses to acute heat and to mechanical and formalin stimuli. In contrast, mutant animals showed a remarkable increase of mechanical allodynia under both inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund adjuvant and neuropathic pain induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation. In these 2 models, heat hyperalgesia was virtually unchanged. SNC80, a delta agonist administered either systemically (complete Freund adjuvant and sciatic nerve ligation) or into a paw (sciatic nerve ligation), reduced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in control mice. However, these analgesic effects were absent in conditional mutant mice. In conclusion, this study reveals the existence of delta opioid receptor-mediated mechanisms, which operate at the level of Na(V)1.8-positive nociceptive neurons. Delta receptors in these neurons tonically inhibit mechanical hypersensitivity in both inflammatory and neuropathic pain, and they are essential to mediate delta opioid analgesia under conditions of persistent pain. This delta receptor population represents a feasible therapeutic target to alleviate chronic pain while avoiding adverse central effects. The conditional knockout of delta-opioid receptor in primary afferent Na(V)1.8 neurons augmented mechanical allodynia in persistent pain models and abolished delta opioid analgesia in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gaveriaux-Ruff
- IGBMC Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Neurobiology and Genetic Department, Illkirch F-67400, France INSERM, U964, Illkirch F-67400, France CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch F-67400, France UdS Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67000, France Laboratori de Neurofarmacologica, Facultat de Ciencies de la Salut i de la vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomedica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Molecular Nociception, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Goeldner C, Lutz PE, Darcq E, Halter T, Clesse D, Ouagazzal AM, Kieffer BL. Impaired emotional-like behavior and serotonergic function during protracted abstinence from chronic morphine. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 69:236-44. [PMID: 20947067 PMCID: PMC3014999 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opiate abuse is a chronic relapsing disorder, and maintaining prolonged abstinence remains a major challenge. Protracted abstinence is characterized by lowered mood, and clinical studies show elevated comorbidity between addiction and depressive disorders. At present, their relationship remains unclear and has been little studied in animal models. Here we investigated emotional alterations during protracted abstinence, in mice with a history of chronic morphine exposure. METHODS C57BL6J mice were exposed to a chronic intermittent escalating morphine regimen (20-100 mg/kg). Physical dependence (naloxone-precipitated withdrawal), despair-related behaviors (tail suspension test), and social behaviors were examined after 1 or 4 weeks of abstinence. Stress hormones and forebrain bioamine levels were analyzed at the end of morphine regimen and after 4 weeks of abstinence. Finally, we examined the effects of chronic fluoxetine during abstinence on morphine-induced behavioral deficits. RESULTS Acute naloxone-induced withdrawal was clearly measurable after 1 week, and became undetectable after 4 weeks. In contrast, social and despair-related behaviors were unchanged after 1 week, but low sociability and despair-like behavior became significant after 4 weeks. Chronic morphine regimen increased both corticosterone levels and forebrain serotonin turnover, but only serotonergic activity in the dorsal raphe remained impaired after 4 weeks. Remarkably, chronic fluoxetine prevented depressive-like behavioral deficits in 4-week abstinent mice. CONCLUSIONS During protracted abstinence, the immediate consequences of morphine exposure attenuate, whereas fluoxetine-sensitive emotional alterations strengthen with time. Our study establishes a direct link between morphine abstinence and depressive-like symptoms and strongly suggests that serotonin dysfunction represents a main mechanism contributing to mood disorders in opiate abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Goeldner
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Pierre-Eric Lutz
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Thomas Halter
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Daniel Clesse
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR3212, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Abdel-Mouttalib Ouagazzal
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Brigitte L. Kieffer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
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Zhou Y, Maiya R, Norris EH, Kreek MJ, Strickland S. Involvement of tissue plasminogen activator in stress responsivity during acute cocaine withdrawal in mice. Stress 2010; 13:481-90. [PMID: 20666641 PMCID: PMC3832196 DOI: 10.3109/10253891003786415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that increased release of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) contributes to stress responsivity during cocaine withdrawal (WD). Recent studies suggest that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the CeA is a downstream effector protein for CRF after acute "binge" cocaine administration. The purpose of this study was to determine if tPA modulates cocaine WD-induced stress responsivity. Wild-type (WT) and tPA-deficient (tPA - / - ) mice were subjected to chronic (14 days) "binge" cocaine (45 mg/kg per day) or its acute (1 day) WD. Extracellular tPA activity, CRF mRNA levels, and plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels were measured in tPA - / - and WT mice. Extracellular tPA activity was reduced by 50% in the CeA and medial amygdala of WT mice after chronic cocaine and returned to basal levels after acute WD. Unlike WT mice, tPA - / - mice did not display elevated amygdalar CRF mRNA levels during cocaine WD. In comparison to WT mice, tPA - / - mice showed a blunted plasma CORT response during acute WD. These results demonstrate that tPA activity in the amygdala (Amy) is altered by chronic cocaine exposure, and further suggest an involvement of tPA in modulating amygdalar CRF stress responsive system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in response to acute cocaine WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Laboratory of Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Upadhyay J, Maleki N, Potter J, Elman I, Rudrauf D, Knudsen J, Wallin D, Pendse G, McDonald L, Griffin M, Anderson J, Nutile L, Renshaw P, Weiss R, Becerra L, Borsook D. Alterations in brain structure and functional connectivity in prescription opioid-dependent patients. Brain 2010; 133:2098-114. [PMID: 20558415 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A dramatic increase in the use and dependence of prescription opioids has occurred within the last 10 years. The consequences of long-term prescription opioid use and dependence on the brain are largely unknown, and any speculation is inferred from heroin and methadone studies. Thus, no data have directly demonstrated the effects of prescription opioid use on brain structure and function in humans. To pursue this issue, we used structural magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in a highly enriched group of prescription opioid-dependent patients [(n=10); from a larger study on prescription opioid dependent patients (n=133)] and matched healthy individuals (n=10) to characterize possible brain alterations that may be caused by long-term prescription opioid use. Criteria for patient selection included: (i) no dependence on alcohol or other drugs; (ii) no comorbid psychiatric or neurological disease; and (iii) no medical conditions, including pain. In comparison to control subjects, individuals with opioid dependence displayed bilateral volumetric loss in the amygdala. Prescription opioid-dependent subjects had significantly decreased anisotropy in axonal pathways specific to the amygdala (i.e. stria terminalis, ventral amygdalofugal pathway and uncinate fasciculus) as well as the internal and external capsules. In the patient group, significant decreases in functional connectivity were observed for seed regions that included the anterior insula, nucleus accumbens and amygdala subdivisions. Correlation analyses revealed that longer duration of prescription opioid exposure was associated with greater changes in functional connectivity. Finally, changes in amygdala functional connectivity were observed to have a significant dependence on amygdala volume and white matter anisotropy of efferent and afferent pathways of the amygdala. These findings suggest that prescription opioid dependence is associated with structural and functional changes in brain regions implicated in the regulation of affect and impulse control, as well as in reward and motivational functions. These results may have important clinical implications for uncovering the effects of long-term prescription opioid use on brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaymin Upadhyay
- P.A.I.N. Group, Harvard Medical School, c/o Brain Imaging Centre, McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478-9106, USA
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Lang F, Strutz-Seebohm N, Seebohm G, Lang UE. Significance of SGK1 in the regulation of neuronal function. J Physiol 2010; 588:3349-54. [PMID: 20530112 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.190926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present brief review highlights the putative role of the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible-kinase-1 (SGK1) in the regulation of neuronal function. SGK1 is genomically upregulated by cell shrinkage and by a variety of hormones including mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. The kinase is activated by insulin and growth factors via phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3-kinase), phosphoinositide-dependent kinase PDK1 and mammalian target of rapamycin mTORC2. SGK1 upregulates ion channels (e.g. SCN5A, ENaC, ASIC1, TRPV5,6, ROMK, Kv1.1-5, KCNEx/KCNQ1-5, GluR6, VSOAC, ClC2, CFTR), carriers (e.g. NHE3, NKCC2, NCC, NaPiIIb, SMIT, GLUT1,4, SGLT1, NaDC, EAAT1-5, SN1, ASCT2, 4F2/LAT, PepT2), and the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. SGK1 regulates enzymes (e.g. glycogen-synthase-kinase-3, ubiquitin-ligase Nedd4-2, phosphomannose-mutase-2), and transcription factors (e.g. forkhead transcription factor Foxo3a, β-catenin, nuclear factor-kappa-B (NFB)). SGK1 participates in the regulation of transport, hormone release, neuroexcitability, inflammation, coagulation, cell proliferation and apoptosis. SGK1 contributes to regulation of renal Na(+) retention, renal K(+) elimination, salt appetite, gastric acid secretion, intestinal Na(+)/H(+) exchange and nutrient transport, insulin-dependent salt sensitivity of blood pressure, salt sensitivity of peripheral glucose uptake, cardiac repolarization and memory consolidation. Presumably, SGK1 contributes to the regulation of diverse cerebral functions (e.g. memory consolidation, fear retention) and the pathophysiology of several cerebral diseases (e.g. Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, depression, Alzheimer's disease). Despite multiple SGK1 functions, the phenotype of the SGK1 knockout mouse is mild and becomes only apparent under challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstrasse 5, D72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Piechota M, Korostynski M, Solecki W, Gieryk A, Slezak M, Bilecki W, Ziolkowska B, Kostrzewa E, Cymerman I, Swiech L, Jaworski J, Przewlocki R. The dissection of transcriptional modules regulated by various drugs of abuse in the mouse striatum. Genome Biol 2010; 11:R48. [PMID: 20459597 PMCID: PMC2898085 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2010-11-5-r48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various drugs of abuse activate intracellular pathways in the brain reward system. These pathways regulate the expression of genes that are essential to the development of addiction. To reveal genes common and distinct for different classes of drugs of abuse, we compared the effects of nicotine, ethanol, cocaine, morphine, heroin and methamphetamine on gene expression profiles in the mouse striatum. RESULTS We applied whole-genome microarray profiling to evaluate detailed time-courses (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours) of transcriptome alterations following acute drug administration in mice. We identified 42 drug-responsive genes that were segregated into two main transcriptional modules. The first module consisted of activity-dependent transcripts (including Fos and Npas4), which are induced by psychostimulants and opioids. The second group of genes (including Fkbp5 and S3-12), which are controlled, in part, by the release of steroid hormones, was strongly activated by ethanol and opioids. Using pharmacological tools, we were able to inhibit the induction of particular modules of drug-related genomic profiles. We selected a subset of genes for validation by in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR. We also showed that knockdown of the drug-responsive genes Sgk1 and Tsc22d3 resulted in alterations to dendritic spines in mice, possibly reflecting an altered potential for plastic changes. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified modules of drug-induced genes that share functional relationships. These genes may play a critical role in the early stages of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Piechota
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, Krakow, 31-343, Poland
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Le Merrer J, Becker JAJ, Befort K, Kieffer BL. Reward processing by the opioid system in the brain. Physiol Rev 2009; 89:1379-412. [PMID: 19789384 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 662] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The opioid system consists of three receptors, mu, delta, and kappa, which are activated by endogenous opioid peptides processed from three protein precursors, proopiomelanocortin, proenkephalin, and prodynorphin. Opioid receptors are recruited in response to natural rewarding stimuli and drugs of abuse, and both endogenous opioids and their receptors are modified as addiction develops. Mechanisms whereby aberrant activation and modifications of the opioid system contribute to drug craving and relapse remain to be clarified. This review summarizes our present knowledge on brain sites where the endogenous opioid system controls hedonic responses and is modified in response to drugs of abuse in the rodent brain. We review 1) the latest data on the anatomy of the opioid system, 2) the consequences of local intracerebral pharmacological manipulation of the opioid system on reinforced behaviors, 3) the consequences of gene knockout on reinforced behaviors and drug dependence, and 4) the consequences of chronic exposure to drugs of abuse on expression levels of opioid system genes. Future studies will establish key molecular actors of the system and neural sites where opioid peptides and receptors contribute to the onset of addictive disorders. Combined with data from human and nonhuman primate (not reviewed here), research in this extremely active field has implications both for our understanding of the biology of addiction and for therapeutic interventions to treat the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Le Merrer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Département Neurobiologie et Génétique, Illkirch, France
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Abstract
This paper is the 31st consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2008 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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