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de Sousa EB, Heymbeeck JAA, Feitosa LM, Xavier AGO, Dos Santos Campos K, do Socorro Dos Santos Rodrigues L, de Freitas LM, do Carmo Silva RX, Ikeda SR, de Nazaré Dos Santos Silva S, Rocha SP, do Nascimento WL, da Silva Moraes ER, Herculano AM, Maximino C, Pereira A, Lima-Maximino M. Activation of NOS-cGMP pathways promotes stress-induced sensitization of behavioral responses in zebrafish. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 243:173816. [PMID: 38971472 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a molecule involved in plasticity across levels and systems. The role of NOergic pathways in stress-induced sensitization (SIS) of behavioral responses, in which a particular stressor triggers a state of hyper-responsiveness to other stressors after an incubation period, was assessed in adult zebrafish. In this model, adult zebrafish acutely exposed to a fear-inducing conspecific alarm substance (CAS) and left undisturbed for an incubation period show increased anxiety-like behavior 24 h after exposure. CAS increased forebrain glutamate immediately after stress and 30 min after stress, an effect that was accompanied by increased nitrite levels immediately after stress, 30 min after stress, 90 min after stress, and 24 h after stress. CAS also increased nitrite levels in the head kidney, where cortisol is produced in zebrafish. CAS-elicited nitrite responses in the forebrain 90 min (but not 30 min) after stress were prevented by a NOS-2 blocker. Blocking NOS-1 30 min after stress prevents SIS; blocking NOS-2 90 min after stress also prevents stress-induced sensitization, as does blocking calcium-activated potassium channels in this latter time window. Stress-induced sensitization is also prevented by blocking guanylate cyclase activation in both time windows, and cGMP-dependent channel activation in the second time window. These results suggest that different NO-related pathways converge at different time windows of the incubation period to induce stress-induced sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Bezerra de Sousa
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia e Neuropatologia, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Campus VIII, Marabá, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - João Alphonse Apóstolo Heymbeeck
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Campus VIII, Marabá, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Comportamento, Núcleo de Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Miranda Feitosa
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Campus VIII, Marabá, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Comportamento, Núcleo de Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Kimberly Dos Santos Campos
- Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Campus VIII, Marabá, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Mota de Freitas
- Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Campus VIII, Marabá, PA, Brazil
| | - Rhayra Xavier do Carmo Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Campus VIII, Marabá, PA, Brazil
| | - Saulo Rivera Ikeda
- Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Campus VIII, Marabá, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Sueslene Prado Rocha
- Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Campus VIII, Marabá, PA, Brazil
| | - Wilker Leite do Nascimento
- Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Campus VIII, Marabá, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson Manoel Herculano
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Caio Maximino
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará (Unifesspa), Marabá, PA, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Pereira
- Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais, Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Monica Lima-Maximino
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Campus VIII, Marabá, PA, Brazil; Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Campus VIII, Marabá, PA, Brazil
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Jankovic T, Bogicevic M, Knezevic NN. The role of nitric oxide and hormone signaling in chronic stress, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 590:112266. [PMID: 38718853 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
This paper provides a summary of the role of nitric oxide (NO) and hormones in the development of chronic stress, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These mental health conditions are prevalent globally and involve complex molecular interactions. Although there is a significant amount of research and therapeutic options available, the underlying mechanisms of these disorders are still not fully understood. The primary pathophysiologic processes involved in chronic stress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD include dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the intracellular influence of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) on transcription factors, an inflammatory response with the formation of nitrergic oxidative species, and reduced serotonergic transmission in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Despite the extensive literature on this topic, there is a great need for further research to clarify the complexities inherent in these pathways, with the primary aim of improving psychiatric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Jankovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marko Bogicevic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Midwestern University Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Nebojsa Nick Knezevic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Allboani A, Kar S, Kavdia M. Computational modeling of neuronal nitric oxide synthase biochemical pathway: A mechanistic analysis of tetrahydrobiopterin and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:625-637. [PMID: 39004235 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal cell dysfunction plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress can disrupt the redox balance within neuronal cells and may cause neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) to uncouple, contributing to the neurodegenerative processes. Experimental studies and clinical trials using nNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and antioxidants in neuronal cell dysfunction have shown inconsistent results. A better mechanistic understanding of complex interactions of nNOS activity and oxidative stress in neuronal cell dysfunction is needed. In this study, we developed a computational model of neuronal cell using nNOS biochemical pathways to explore several key mechanisms that are known to influence neuronal cell redox homeostasis. We studied the effects of oxidative stress and BH4 synthesis on nNOS nitric oxide production and biopterin ratio (BH4/total biopterin). Results showed that nNOS remained coupled and maintained nitric oxide production for oxidative stress levels less than 230 nM/s. The results showed that neuronal oxidative stress above 230 nM/s increased the degree of nNOS uncoupling and introduced instability in the nitric oxide production. The nitric oxide production did not change irrespective of initial biopterin ratio of 0.05-0.99 for a given oxidative stress. Oxidative stress resulted in significant reduction in BH4 levels even when nitric oxide production was not affected. Enhancing BH4 synthesis or supplementation improved nNOS coupling, however the degree of improvement was determined by the levels of oxidative stress and BH4 synthesis. The results of our mechanistic analysis indicate that there is a potential for significant improvement in neuronal dysfunction by simultaneously increasing BH4 levels and reducing cellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnah Allboani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Saptarshi Kar
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Mahendra Kavdia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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Yamamoto K, Chen QY, Zhou Z, Kobayashi M, Zhuo M. Cortical nitric oxide required for presynaptic long-term potentiation in the insular cortex. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230475. [PMID: 38853563 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key diffusible messenger in the mammalian brain. It has been proposed that NO may diffuse retrogradely into presynaptic terminals, contributing to the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). Here, we present novel evidence that NO is required for kainate receptor (KAR)-dependent presynaptic form of LTP (pre-LTP) in the adult insular cortex (IC). In the IC, we found that inhibition of NO synthase erased the maintenance of pre-LTP, while the induction of pre-LTP required the activation of KAR. Furthermore, NO is essential for pre-LTP induced between two pyramidal cells in the IC using the double patch-clamp recording. These results suggest that NO is required for homosynaptic pre-LTP in the IC. Our results present strong evidence for the critical roles of NO in pre-LTP in the IC. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai , Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Qi-Yu Chen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Zhuomin Institute for Brain Research , Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology , Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510130, People's Republic of China
| | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai , Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Min Zhuo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Zhuomin Institute for Brain Research , Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510130, People's Republic of China
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Barbaresi P, Fabri M, Lorenzi T, Sagrati A, Morroni M. Intrinsic organization of the corpus callosum. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1393000. [PMID: 39035452 PMCID: PMC11259024 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1393000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum-the largest commissural fiber system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres-is considered essential for bilateral sensory integration and higher cognitive functions. Most studies exploring the corpus callosum have examined either the anatomical, physiological, and neurochemical organization of callosal projections or the functional and/or behavioral aspects of the callosal connections after complete/partial callosotomy or callosal lesion. There are no works that address the intrinsic organization of the corpus callosum. We review the existing information on the activities that take place in the commissure in three sections: I) the topographical and neurochemical organization of the intracallosal fibers, II) the role of glia in the corpus callosum, and III) the role of the intracallosal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Barbaresi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mara Fabri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Teresa Lorenzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Sagrati
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Manrico Morroni
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ancona, Italy
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Choudhary AG, Awathale SN, Dudhabhate BB, Pawar N, Jadhav G, Upadhya MA, Khedkar T, Gadhikar YA, Sakharkar AJ, Subhedar NK, Kokare DM. Response of nitrergic system in the brain of rat conditioned to intracranial self-stimulation. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1402-1419. [PMID: 38445395 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The role of nitrergic system in modulating the action of psychostimulants on reward processing is well established. However, the relevant anatomical underpinnings and scope of the involved interactions with mesolimbic dopaminergic system have not been clarified. Using immunohistochemistry, we track the changes in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) containing cell groups in the animals conditioned to intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) via an electrode implanted in the lateral hypothalamus-medial forebrain bundle (LH-MFB) area. An increase in the nNOS immunoreactivity was noticed in the cells and fibers in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh), the primary loci of the reward system. In addition, nNOS was up-regulated in the nucleus accumbens core (AcbC), vertical limb of diagonal band (VDB), locus coeruleus (LC), lateral hypothalamus (LH), superficial gray layer (SuG) of the superior colliculus, and periaqueductal gray (PAG). The brain tissue fragments drawn from these areas showed a change in nNOS mRNA expression, but in opposite direction. Intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of nNOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) showed decreased lever press activity in a dose-dependent manner in ICSS task. While an increase in the dopamine (DA) and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) efflux was noted in the microdialysates collected from the AcbSh of ICSS rats, pre-administration of 7-NI (icv route) attenuated the response. The study identifies nitrergic centers that probably mediate sensory, cognitive, and motor components of the goal-directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit G Choudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - Sanjay N Awathale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - Biru B Dudhabhate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - Namrata Pawar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Gouri Jadhav
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Manoj A Upadhya
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Trupti Khedkar
- Department of Zoology, Nabira Mahavidyalay, Katol, India
| | - Yashashree A Gadhikar
- Department of Zoology, Government Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, Amravati, India
| | - Amul J Sakharkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | | | - Dadasaheb M Kokare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
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Cardinale A, de Iure A, Picconi B. Neuroinflammation and Dyskinesia: A Possible Causative Relationship? Brain Sci 2024; 14:514. [PMID: 38790492 PMCID: PMC11118841 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Levodopa (L-DOPA) treatment represents the gold standard therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. L-DOPA therapy shows many side effects, among them, L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) remain the most problematic. Several are the mechanisms underlying these processes: abnormal corticostriatal neurotransmission, pre- and post-synaptic neuronal events, changes in gene expression, and altered plasticity. In recent years, researchers have also suggested non-neuronal mechanisms as a possible cause for LIDs. We reviewed recent clinical and pre-clinical studies on neuroinflammation contribution to LIDs. Microglia and astrocytes seem to play a strategic role in LIDs phenomenon. In particular, their inflammatory response affects neuron-glia communication, synaptic activity and neuroplasticity, contributing to LIDs development. Finally, we describe possible new therapeutic interventions for dyskinesia prevention targeting glia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Cardinale
- Experimental Neurophysiology Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (A.d.I.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, Università Telematica San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio de Iure
- Experimental Neurophysiology Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (A.d.I.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, Università Telematica San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Experimental Neurophysiology Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (A.d.I.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, Università Telematica San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
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Hotta Y, Oyama K, Yoshida T, Ieda N, Mori T, Horita Y, Kataoka T, Furukawa-Hibi Y, Ohya S, Nakagawa H, Kimura K. The Effects of a Red-Light Controllable Nitric Oxide Donor, NORD-1, on Erectile Dysfunction in Rats with Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes Mellitus. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:42.e58. [PMID: 38772543 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) often exhibit refractory erectile dysfunction (ED). Red-light-controllable nitric oxide donor (NORD-1) and red-light irradiation have successfully enhanced erectile function in intact rats. In this study, we investigated whether the combination of NORD-1 and red-light irradiation effectively treated ED in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats with DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Rats in the DM and sham groups received intravenous STZ (50 mg/kg) and saline, respectively. One week after treatment, the blood glucose level of rats in the DM group was >250 mg/dL. Five weeks after the treatment, we performed a functional study by measuring intracavernous pressure (ICP) under cavernous nerve stimulation before and after NORD-1 treatment with and without light irradiation. Additionally, we performed an isometric tension study using the corpus cavernosum of rats treated with NORD-1 or the control compound, SiR650. RESULTS The ICP/mean arterial pressure (MAP) ratio was significantly lower in the DM group than in the sham group before and after NORD-1 treatment without light irradiation (both p<0.05). After NORD-1 treatment with light irradiation, the ICP/MAP ratio in the sham and DM groups was significantly enhanced than before and after NORD-1 treatment without light irradiation (all p<0.05). The ICP/MAP ratio in the DM group after NORD-1 with light irradiation was similar to that in the sham group under normal conditions before NORD-1 treatment. Moreover, the systemic blood pressure was not affected by NORD-1 or light irradiation. In the tension study, the corpus cavernosum of rats treated with SiR650 was not changed by red light in the sham or DM groups. However, the rats treated with NORD-1 were strongly relaxed by red light in both groups. CONCLUSIONS NORD-1 and red-light irradiation could improve ED in the presence of DM without lowering blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hotta
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Kyoya Oyama
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuma Yoshida
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Ieda
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taiki Mori
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Horita
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kataoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Japan
| | - Yoko Furukawa-Hibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Susumu Ohya
- Department of Pharmacology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Nakagawa
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimura
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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9
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Chen QY, Wan J, Ma Y, Zhuo M. The Pathway-Selective Dependence of Nitric Oxide for Long-Term Potentiation in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Adult Mice. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1072. [PMID: 38791034 PMCID: PMC11118802 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key diffusible messenger in the mammalian brain. It has been proposed that NO may diffuse in retrograde into presynaptic terminals, contributing to the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). Here, we present novel evidence that NO is selectively required for the synaptic potentiation of the interhemispheric projection in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Unilateral low-frequency stimulation (LFS) induced a short-term synaptic potentiation on the contralateral ACC through the corpus callosum (CC). The use of the antagonists of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR), or the inhibitor of the L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (L-VDCCs), blocked the induction of this ACC-ACC potentiation. In addition, the inhibitor of NO synthase, or inhibitors for its downstream signaling pathway, also blocked this ACC-ACC potentiation. However, the application of the NOS inhibitor blocked neither the local electric stimulation-induced LTP nor the stimulation-induced recruitment of silent responses. Our results present strong evidence for the pathway-selective roles of NO in the LTP of the ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Zhuomin International Institute for Brain Research, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jinjin Wan
- Zhuomin International Institute for Brain Research, Qingdao 266000, China
- Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Zhuomin International Institute for Brain Research, Qingdao 266000, China
- Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Min Zhuo
- Zhuomin International Institute for Brain Research, Qingdao 266000, China
- Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, Room #3342, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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10
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Albrakati A. The potential neuroprotective of luteolin against acetamiprid-induced neurotoxicity in the rat cerebral cortex. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1361792. [PMID: 38818490 PMCID: PMC11138160 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1361792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetamiprid is a class of neuroactive insecticides widely used to control insect pests. The current study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of luteolin against acetamiprid-induced neurotoxicity in the rat cerebral cortex. Four equal groups of adult male rats (10 in each): control, acetamiprid (40 mg/kg for 28 days), luteolin (50 mg/kg for 28 days), and acetamiprid+luteolin cotreatment were used. Acetamiprid was shown to alter the oxidative state by increasing oxidant levels [nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA)] and decreasing antioxidants [glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase-(CAT)], with increased activity of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-(Nrf2). Likewise, acetamiprid increases the inflammatory response, as evidenced by increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa B-(NF-κB). In contrast, the treatment with luteolin brought these markers back to levels close to normal, showing that it protects neurocytes from oxidative damage and the neuroinflammation effects of acetamiprid-induced inflammation. Luteolin also demonstrated a neuroprotective role via the modulation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the cerebral cortex tissue. Histopathology showed severe neurodegenerative changes, and apoptotic cells were seen in the acetamiprid-induced cerebral cortex layer, which was evident by increased protein expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 and decreased Bcl-2 levels. Histochemistry confirmed the neuronal degeneration, as proven by the change in neurocyte colour from brown to black when stained with a silver stain. Luteolin may have a neuroprotective effect against biochemical and histopathological changes induced by acetamiprid in the rat cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Ribeiro DL, Guimarães RP, Bariotto-Dos-Santos K, Del Bel E, Padovan-Neto FE. Sodium nitroprusside enhances stepping test performance and increases medium spiny neurons responsiveness to cortical inputs in a rat model of Levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1604-1620. [PMID: 38359910 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Levodopa (L-DOPA) is the classical gold standard treatment for Parkinson's disease. However, its chronic administration can lead to the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs). Dysregulation of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway in striatal networks has been linked to deficits in corticostriatal transmission in LIDs. This study investigated the effects of the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on behavioural and electrophysiological outcomes in sham-operated and 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats chronically treated with vehicle or L-DOPA, respectively. In sham-operated animals, systemic administration of SNP increased the spike probability of putative striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in response to electrical stimulation of the primary motor cortex. In 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned animals, SNP improved the stepping test performance without exacerbating abnormal involuntary movements. Additionally, SNP significantly increased the responsiveness of putative striatal MSNs in the dyskinetic striatum. These findings highlight the critical role of the NO signalling pathway in facilitating the responsiveness of striatal MSNs in both the intact and dyskinetic striata. The study suggests that SNP has the potential to enhance L-DOPA's effects in the stepping test without exacerbating abnormal involuntary movements, thereby offering new possibilities for optimizing Parkinson's disease therapy. In conclusion, this study highlights the involvement of the NO signalling pathway in the pathophysiology of LIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Leandro Ribeiro
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rayanne Poletti Guimarães
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Keila Bariotto-Dos-Santos
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando E Padovan-Neto
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Zinellu A, Tommasi S, Sedda S, Mangoni AA. Arginine metabolomics in mood disorders. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27292. [PMID: 38515671 PMCID: PMC10955251 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations of nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis have been described in mood disorders. However, the analytical challenges associated with the direct measurement of NO have prompted the search for alternative biomarkers of NO synthesis. We investigated the published evidence of the association between these alternative biomarkers and mood disorders (depressive disorder or bipolar disorder). Electronic databases were searched from inception to the June 30, 2023. In 20 studies, there was a trend towards significantly higher asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in mood disorders vs. controls (p = 0.072), and non-significant differences in arginine (p = 0.29), citrulline (p = 0.35), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA; p = 0.23), and ornithine (p = 0.42). In subgroup analyses, the SMD for ADMA was significant in bipolar disorder (p < 0.001) and European studies (p = 0.02), the SMDs for SDMA (p = 0.001) and citrulline (p = 0.038) in European studies, and the SMD for ornithine in bipolar disorder (p = 0.007), Asian (p = 0.001) and American studies (p = 0.005), and patients treated with antidepressants (p = 0.029). The abnormal concentrations of ADMA, SDMA, citrulline, and ornithine in subgroups of mood disorders, particularly bipolar disorder, warrant further research to unravel their pathophysiological role and identify novel treatments in this group (The protocol was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42023445962).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sara Tommasi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Australia
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stefania Sedda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino A. Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Australia
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Bonomi CG, Martorana A, Fiorelli D, Nuccetelli M, Placidi F, Mercuri NB, Motta C. Constitutive NOS Production Is Modulated by Alzheimer's Disease Pathology Depending on APOE Genotype. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3725. [PMID: 38612537 PMCID: PMC11011586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Both the endothelial (eNOS) and the neuronal (nNOS) isoforms of constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase have been implicated in vascular dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to explore the relationship between amyloid pathology and NO dynamics by comparing the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of nNOS and eNOS of 8 healthy controls (HC) and 27 patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and isolated CSF amyloid changes, stratified according to APOE ε genotype (APOE ε3 = 13, APOE ε4 = 14). Moreover, we explored the associations between NOS isoforms, CSF AD biomarkers, age, sex, cognitive decline, and blood-brain barrier permeability. In our cohort, both eNOS and nNOS levels were increased in APOE ε3 with respect to HC and APOE ε4. CSF eNOS inversely correlated with CSF Amyloid-β42 selectively in carriers of APOE ε3; CSF nNOS was negatively associated with age and CSF p-tau only in the APOE ε4 subgroup. Increased eNOS could represent compensative vasodilation to face progressive Aβ-induced vasoconstriction in APOE ε3, while nNOS could represent the activation of NO-mediated plasticity strategies in the same group. Our results confirm previous findings that the APOE genotype is linked with different vascular responses to AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giuseppina Bonomi
- UOSD Memory Clinic, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.G.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Alessandro Martorana
- UOSD Memory Clinic, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.G.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Denise Fiorelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (M.N.)
| | - Marzia Nuccetelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (M.N.)
| | - Fabio Placidi
- Neurology Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (N.B.M.)
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Neurology Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (N.B.M.)
| | - Caterina Motta
- UOSD Memory Clinic, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.G.B.); (C.M.)
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14
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Kintos DP, Salagiannis K, Sgouros A, Nikolaropoulos SS, Topouzis S, Fousteris MA. Identification of new multi-substituted 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-7(6H)-ones as soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) stimulators with vasoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107170. [PMID: 38335755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the rational design, synthesis and in vitro functional characterization of new heme-dependent, direct soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) agonists. These new compounds bear a 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-7(6H)-one skeleton, modified to enable efficient sGC binding and stimulation. To gain insights into structure-activity relationships, the N6-alkylation of the skeleton was explored, while a pyrimidine ring, substituted with various C5'-polar groups, was installed at position C3. Among the newly synthesized 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-7(6H)-ones, derivatives 14b, 15b and 16a display characteristic features of sGC "stimulators" in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. They strongly synergize with the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in inducing cGMP generation in a manner that requires the presence of a reduced heme moiety associated with sGC, and elevate the cGMP-responsive phosphorylation of the protein VASP at Ser239. In line with their sGC stimulating capacity, docking calculations of derivatives 16a, 15(a-c) on a cryo-EM structure of human sGC (hsGC) in an ΝΟ-activated state indicated the implication of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-7(6H)-one skeleton in efficient bonding interactions with the recently identified region that binds known sGC stimulators, while the presence of either a N6-H or N6-methyl group pointed to enhanced binding affinity. Moreover, the in vitro functional effects of our newly identified sGC stimulators were compatible with a beneficial role in vascular homeostasis. Specifically, derivative 14b reduced A7r5 cell proliferation, while 16a dampened the expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and P/E-Selectin in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs), as well as the subsequent adhesion of U937 leukocytes to the HUVECs, triggered by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). The fact that these compounds elevate cGMP only in the presence of NO may indicate a novel way of interaction with the enzyme and may make them less prone than other direct sGC agonists to induce characteristic hypotension in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos Salagiannis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, GR-26500, Greece
| | - Antonis Sgouros
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, GR-26500, Greece
| | - Sotiris S Nikolaropoulos
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, GR-26500, Greece
| | - Stavros Topouzis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, GR-26500, Greece.
| | - Manolis A Fousteris
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, GR-26500, Greece.
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15
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Dos-Santos RC, Silva-Almeida CD, Marinho BG, Conceição RRD, Côrtes WDS, Ahmed RG, Laureano-Melo R. Perinatal N(G)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester administration decreases anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in adult mice. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2023; 21:eAO0302. [PMID: 38055553 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2023ao0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that perinatal manipulations of the nitrergic system would affect adult animal behaviors. METHODS We tested this hypothesis by perinatally administering N(G)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a non-specific antagonist of nitric oxide synthase for 15 days and assessed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in adult mice. At 70 days of age, the mice were subjected to a battery of tests consisting of the open-field, light/dark box, forced swim, and tail-flick tests. The tests were performed at two-day intervals, and the order of the tests within the battery was determined according to the progressive invasiveness degree. RESULTS L-NAME-treated animals exhibited decreased anxiety-like behavior in the light/dark box and open field tests, with no change in locomotor activity. Additionally, they demonstrated decreased depression-like behavior in the forced swim test and no change in pain perception in the tail-flick test. CONCLUSION The nitrergic system is possibly involved in neural circuitry development that regulates behaviors since blocking perinatal nitric oxide production decreases anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoni Conceição Dos-Santos
- Department of Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Guimarães Marinho
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rodrigues da Conceição
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ragab Gaber Ahmed
- Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Roberto Laureano-Melo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Behavioral Physiopharmacology Laboratory, Universidade Barra Mansa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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16
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Kochoian BA, Bure C, Papa SM. Targeting Striatal Glutamate and Phosphodiesterases to Control L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia. Cells 2023; 12:2754. [PMID: 38067182 PMCID: PMC10706484 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of work during the past several decades has been focused on therapeutic strategies to control L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs), common motor complications of long-term L-DOPA therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD). Yet, LIDs remain a clinical challenge for the management of patients with advanced disease. Glutamatergic dysregulation of striatal projection neurons (SPNs) appears to be a key contributor to altered motor responses to L-DOPA. Targeting striatal hyperactivity at the glutamatergic neurotransmission level led to significant preclinical and clinical trials of a variety of antiglutamatergic agents. In fact, the only FDA-approved treatment for LIDs is amantadine, a drug with NMDAR antagonistic actions. Still, novel agents with improved pharmacological profiles are needed for LID therapy. Recently other therapeutic targets to reduce dysregulated SPN activity at the signal transduction level have emerged. In particular, mechanisms regulating the levels of cyclic nucleotides play a major role in the transduction of dopamine signals in SPNs. The phosphodiesterases (PDEs), a large family of enzymes that degrade cyclic nucleotides in a specific manner, are of special interest. We will review the research for antiglutamatergic and PDE inhibition strategies in view of the future development of novel LID therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brik A. Kochoian
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (B.A.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Cassandra Bure
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (B.A.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Stella M. Papa
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (B.A.K.); (C.B.)
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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17
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Wu D, Sun Q, Wei W, Bai Y, Zhai L, Jia L. Nrf2-mediated protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid on synaptic oxidative damage and inhibition of PKC/ERK/CREB pathway in bisphenol A-exposed HT-22 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114112. [PMID: 37858839 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The harmful effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on learning and memory may involve hippocampal oxidative damage; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Antioxidants that antagonize BPA-induced neuronal oxidative damage lack research. This study aimed to develop an in vitro model using the HT-22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line to investigate the neurotoxic mechanism of BPA and the protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) inhibition. The results showed that ALA reduced BPA-induced reactive oxygen species and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) levels; however, inhibiting Nrf2 weakened the protective effects of ALA. BPA reduced mitochondrial complex I/III activity and ATP levels, but ALA ameliorated this damage. ALA improved the BPA-induced downregulation of the kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (keap1)/Nrf2 system, synaptic-related proteins, and the protein kinase C (PKC)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) pathway; however, the protective effects of ALA were weakened when Nrf2 was inhibited. Our results suggest that BPA causes oxidative damage to HT-22 cells by damaging mitochondrial function, nNOS, and the keap1/Nrf2 system, thereby impairing synaptic-related proteins and the PKC/ERK/CREB pathway. ALA counters BPA-induced damage via Nrf2, which may be a significant target for the protective action of ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China.
| | - Yinglong Bai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China.
| | - Lingling Zhai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China.
| | - Lihong Jia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China.
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18
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Andrianov VV, Kulchitsky VA, Yafarova GG, Bazan LV, Bogodvid TK, Deryabina IB, Muranova LN, Silantyeva DI, Arslanov AI, Paveliev MN, Fedorova EV, Filipovich TA, Nagibov AV, Gainutdinov KL. Investigation of NO Role in Neural Tissue in Brain and Spinal Cord Injury. Molecules 2023; 28:7359. [PMID: 37959778 PMCID: PMC10650517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) production in injured and intact brain regions was compared by EPR spectroscopy in a model of brain and spinal cord injury in Wistar rats. The precentral gyrus of the brain was injured, followed by the spinal cord at the level of the first lumbar vertebra. Seven days after brain injury, a reduction in NO content of 84% in injured brain regions and 66% in intact brain regions was found. The difference in NO production in injured and uninjured brain regions persisted 7 days after injury. The copper content in the brain remained unchanged one week after modeling of brain and spinal cord injury. The data obtained in the experiments help to explain the problems in the therapy of patients with combined brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viacheslav V. Andrianov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (V.V.A.); (G.G.Y.); (L.V.B.)
- Department of Human and Animals, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (T.K.B.); (I.B.D.); (L.N.M.); (D.I.S.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Vladimir A. Kulchitsky
- Brain Center, Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, 220012 Minsk, Belarus; (V.A.K.); (E.V.F.); (T.A.F.); (A.V.N.)
| | - Guzel G. Yafarova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (V.V.A.); (G.G.Y.); (L.V.B.)
- Department of Human and Animals, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (T.K.B.); (I.B.D.); (L.N.M.); (D.I.S.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Leah V. Bazan
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (V.V.A.); (G.G.Y.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Tatiana K. Bogodvid
- Department of Human and Animals, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (T.K.B.); (I.B.D.); (L.N.M.); (D.I.S.); (A.I.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, 420000 Kazan, Russia
| | - Irina B. Deryabina
- Department of Human and Animals, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (T.K.B.); (I.B.D.); (L.N.M.); (D.I.S.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Lyudmila N. Muranova
- Department of Human and Animals, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (T.K.B.); (I.B.D.); (L.N.M.); (D.I.S.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Dinara I. Silantyeva
- Department of Human and Animals, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (T.K.B.); (I.B.D.); (L.N.M.); (D.I.S.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Almaz I. Arslanov
- Department of Human and Animals, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (T.K.B.); (I.B.D.); (L.N.M.); (D.I.S.); (A.I.A.)
| | | | - Ekaterina V. Fedorova
- Brain Center, Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, 220012 Minsk, Belarus; (V.A.K.); (E.V.F.); (T.A.F.); (A.V.N.)
| | - Tatiana A. Filipovich
- Brain Center, Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, 220012 Minsk, Belarus; (V.A.K.); (E.V.F.); (T.A.F.); (A.V.N.)
| | - Aleksei V. Nagibov
- Brain Center, Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, 220012 Minsk, Belarus; (V.A.K.); (E.V.F.); (T.A.F.); (A.V.N.)
| | - Khalil L. Gainutdinov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (V.V.A.); (G.G.Y.); (L.V.B.)
- Department of Human and Animals, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (T.K.B.); (I.B.D.); (L.N.M.); (D.I.S.); (A.I.A.)
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19
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Mori T, Hotta Y, Ieda N, Kataoka T, Nakagawa H, Kimura K. Efficacy of a Red-Light Controllable Nitric Oxide Releaser for Neurogenic Erectile Dysfunction: A Study Using a Rat Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury. World J Mens Health 2023; 41:909-919. [PMID: 36649921 PMCID: PMC10523118 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.220146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Neurogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common side effect of radical prostatectomy (RP) because of cavernous nerve damage. In these patients, the production of nitric oxide (NO), which is important for erection, is decreased in the corpus cavernosum. Therefore, NO donors are useful for post-RP ED. However, short half-life and systemic side effects are problems of NO application in ED therapy. To avert these problems, we developed a red-light controllable NO releaser, NORD-1. This study aimed to investigate the effect of NORD-1 and red-light irradiation on neurogenic ED using a rat model of bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI). MATERIALS AND METHODS BCNI and sham operations were conducted on 8-week-old rats. After 4 weeks, erectile function was evaluated using changes in intracavernous pressure (ICP) during electrostimulation of the cavernous nerve. ICP was measured under three conditions; without NORD-1 and red-light irradiation, with NORD-1 and without red-light irradiation, and with NORD-1 and red-light irradiation. SiR650 which absorbs red-light but does not release NO was used for the negative control. After the experiment, localization of NORD-1 was observed using a microscope. RESULTS Erectile function in a BCNI rat model was significantly decreased compared to sham-operated rats (p<0.05). After injecting NORD-1 into the penis, erectile function did not change without red-light irradiation. However, the combination of NORD-1 and red-light irradiation significantly improved erectile function (p<0.05) without affecting systemic arterial pressure. In contrast, when SiR650 was used, erectile function did not change in all three conditions. NORD-1 was detected only in the corpus cavernosum and not in the urethra and dorsal vein. CONCLUSIONS NORD-1 combined with red-light irradiation is effective for ED induced by cavernous nerve injury. This treatment may have low risks of hypotension and urinary incontinence, and it can replace the current treatment for post-RP ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Mori
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuji Hotta
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Naoya Ieda
- Department of Organic and Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kataoka
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Nakagawa
- Department of Organic and Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimura
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
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Fernandez G, De Francesco PN, Cornejo MP, Cabral A, Aguggia JP, Duque VJ, Sayar N, Cantel S, Burgos JI, Fehrentz JA, Rorato R, Atasoy D, Mecawi AS, Perello M. Ghrelin Action in the PVH of Male Mice: Accessibility, Neuronal Targets, and CRH Neurons Activation. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad154. [PMID: 37823477 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The hormone ghrelin displays several well-characterized functions, including some with pharmaceutical interest. The receptor for ghrelin, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), is expressed in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH), a critical hub for the integration of metabolic, neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral functions. Here, we performed a neuroanatomical and functional characterization of the neuronal types mediating ghrelin actions in the PVH of male mice. We found that fluorescent ghrelin mainly labels PVH neurons immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1), which catalyze the production of nitric oxide [NO]). Centrally injected ghrelin increases c-Fos in NOS1 PVH neurons and NOS1 phosphorylation in the PVH. We also found that a high dose of systemically injected ghrelin increases the ghrelin level in the cerebrospinal fluid and in the periventricular PVH, and induces c-Fos in NOS1 PVH neurons. Such a high dose of systemically injected ghrelin activates a subset of NOS1 PVH neurons, which do not express oxytocin, via an arcuate nucleus-independent mechanism. Finally, we found that pharmacological inhibition of NO production fully abrogates ghrelin-induced increase of calcium concentration in corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons of the PVH whereas it partially impairs ghrelin-induced increase of plasma glucocorticoid levels. Thus, plasma ghrelin can directly target a subset of NO-producing neurons of the PVH that is involved in ghrelin-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal neuroendocrine axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gimena Fernandez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Pablo N De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - María P Cornejo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Agustina Cabral
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Julieta P Aguggia
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Victor J Duque
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, CEP: 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Nilufer Sayar
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sonia Cantel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier cedex 5 34293, France
| | - Juan I Burgos
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio Eugenio Cingolani" (CONICET and National University of La Plata), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier cedex 5 34293, France
| | - Rodrigo Rorato
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, CEP: 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Deniz Atasoy
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - André S Mecawi
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, CEP: 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala 751 05, Sweden
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21
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Shim SS, Berglund K, Yu SP. Lithium: An Old Drug for New Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia. NEURODEGENER DIS 2023; 23:1-12. [PMID: 37666228 DOI: 10.1159/000533797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, the effective treatment of AD is not available currently. Multiple trials of drugs, which were developed based on the amyloid hypothesis of AD, have not been highly successful to improve cognitive and other symptoms in AD patients, suggesting that it is necessary to explore additional and alternative approaches for the disease-modifying treatment of AD. The diverse lines of evidence have revealed that lithium reduces amyloid and tau pathology, attenuates neuronal loss, enhances synaptic plasticity, and improves cognitive function. Clinical studies have shown that lithium reduces the risk of AD and deters the progress of mild cognitive impairment and early AD. SUMMARY Our recent study has revealed that lithium stabilizes disruptive calcium homeostasis, and subsequently, attenuates the downstream neuropathogenic processes of AD. Through these therapeutic actions, lithium produces therapeutic effects on AD with potential to modify the disease process. This review critically analyzed the preclinical and clinical studies for the therapeutic effects of lithium on AD. We suggest that disruptive calcium homeostasis is likely to be the early neuropathological mechanism of AD, and the stabilization of disruptive calcium homeostasis by lithium would be associated with its therapeutic effects on neuropathology and cognitive deficits in AD. KEY MESSAGES Lithium is likely to be efficacious for AD as a disease-modifying drug by acting on multiple neuropathological targets including disruptive calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Sool Shim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Mental Health Service Line, Department of Veteran's Affair, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Department of Veteran's Affair, Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Ken Berglund
- Department of Veteran's Affair, Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Veteran's Affair, Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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22
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Ito Y, Nagoya H, Yamazato M, Asano Y, Sawada M, Shimazu T, Hirayama M, Yamamoto T, Araki N. The Effect of Aging on Nitric Oxide Production during Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion in Wistar Rats and Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats: An In Vivo Microdialysis Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12749. [PMID: 37628930 PMCID: PMC10454688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemic injury. Here, we investigated the effects of aging on NO production during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Male Wister rats (WRs) were assigned to 12-month-old (older; n = 5) and 3-month-old (younger; n = 7) groups. Similarly, male spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) were allocated to 12-month-old (older; n = 6) and 3-month-old (younger; n = 8) groups. After anesthesia, their NO production was monitored using in vivo microdialysis probes inserted into the left striatum and hippocampus. Forebrain cerebral IR injuries were produced via ligation of the bilateral common carotid arteries, followed by reperfusion. The change in the NO3- of the older rats in the SHR groups in the striatum was less compared to that of the younger rats before ischemia, during ischemia, and after reperfusion (p < 0.05). In the hippocampus, the change in the NO3- of the older rats in the SHR groups was lower compared to that of the younger rats after reperfusion (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two WR groups. Our findings suggested that aging in SHRs affected NO production, especially in the striatum, before and during cerebral ischemia, and after reperfusion. Hypertension and aging may be important factors impacting NO production in brain IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Ito
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, (N.A.)
| | - Harumitsu Nagoya
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, (N.A.)
| | - Masamizu Yamazato
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, (N.A.)
| | - Yoshio Asano
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, (N.A.)
| | - Masahiko Sawada
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, (N.A.)
| | - Tomokazu Shimazu
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, (N.A.)
| | - Makiko Hirayama
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, (N.A.)
| | - Toshimasa Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, (N.A.)
| | - Nobuo Araki
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, (N.A.)
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23
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Kishi T. Clarification of hypertension mechanisms provided by the research of central circulatory regulation. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:1908-1916. [PMID: 37277436 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01335-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sympathoexcitation, under the regulatory control of the brain, plays a pivotal role in the etiology of hypertension. Within the brainstem, significant structures involved in the modulation of sympathetic nerve activity include the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM), nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), and paraventricular nucleus (paraventricular). The RVLM, in particular, is recognized as the vasomotor center. Over the past five decades, fundamental investigations on central circulatory regulation have underscored the involvement of nitric oxide (NO), oxidative stress, the renin-angiotensin system, and brain inflammation in regulating the sympathetic nervous system. Notably, numerous significant findings have come to light through chronic experiments conducted in conscious subjects employing radio-telemetry systems, gene transfer techniques, and knockout methodologies. Our research has centered on elucidating the role of NO and angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor-induced oxidative stress within the RVLM and NTS in regulating the sympathetic nervous system. Additionally, we have observed that various orally administered AT1 receptor blockers effectively induce sympathoinhibition by reducing oxidative stress via blockade of the AT1 receptor in the RVLM of hypertensive rats. Recent advances have witnessed the development of several clinical interventions targeting brain mechanisms. Nonetheless, Future and further basic and clinical research are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kishi
- Department of Graduate School of Medicine (Cardiology), International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Japan.
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24
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de Melo AD, Freire VAF, Diogo ÍL, Santos HDL, Barbosa LA, de Carvalho LED. Antioxidant Therapy Reduces Oxidative Stress, Restores Na,K-ATPase Function and Induces Neuroprotection in Rodent Models of Seizure and Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1397. [PMID: 37507936 PMCID: PMC10376594 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by epileptic seizures resulting from neuronal hyperexcitability, which may be related to failures in Na,K-ATPase activity and oxidative stress participation. We conducted this study to investigate the impact of antioxidant therapy on oxidative stress, Na,K-ATPase activity, seizure factors, and mortality in rodent seizure/epilepsy models induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), pilocarpine (PILO), and kainic acid (KA). After screening 561 records in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus databases, 22 were included in the systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines. The meta-analysis included 14 studies and showed that in epileptic animals there was an increase in the oxidizing agents nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), with a reduction in endogenous antioxidants reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SO). The Na,K-ATPase activity was reduced in all areas evaluated. Antioxidant therapy reversed all of these parameters altered by seizure or epilepsy induction. In addition, there was a percentage decrease in the number of seizures and mortality, and a meta-analysis showed a longer seizure latency in animals using antioxidant therapy. Thus, this study suggests that the use of antioxidants promotes neuroprotective effects and mitigates the effects of epilepsy. The protocol was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42022356960.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Dutra de Melo
- Departamento de Ciências e Linguagens, Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais, Bambui 38900-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinopolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Victor Antonio Ferreira Freire
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinopolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Leonardo Diogo
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinopolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hérica de Lima Santos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinopolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro Augusto Barbosa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinopolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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25
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Prelic S, Getahun MN, Kaltofen S, Hansson BS, Wicher D. Modulation of the NO-cGMP pathway has no effect on olfactory responses in the Drosophila antenna. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1180798. [PMID: 37305438 PMCID: PMC10248080 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1180798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfaction is a crucial sensory modality in insects and is underpinned by odor-sensitive sensory neurons expressing odorant receptors that function in the dendrites as odorant-gated ion channels. Along with expression, trafficking, and receptor complexing, the regulation of odorant receptor function is paramount to ensure the extraordinary sensory abilities of insects. However, the full extent of regulation of sensory neuron activity remains to be elucidated. For instance, our understanding of the intracellular effectors that mediate signaling pathways within antennal cells is incomplete within the context of olfaction in vivo. Here, with the use of optical and electrophysiological techniques in live antennal tissue, we investigate whether nitric oxide signaling occurs in the sensory periphery of Drosophila. To answer this, we first query antennal transcriptomic datasets to demonstrate the presence of nitric oxide signaling machinery in antennal tissue. Next, by applying various modulators of the NO-cGMP pathway in open antennal preparations, we show that olfactory responses are unaffected by a wide panel of NO-cGMP pathway inhibitors and activators over short and long timescales. We further examine the action of cAMP and cGMP, cyclic nucleotides previously linked to olfactory processes as intracellular potentiators of receptor functioning, and find that both long-term and short-term applications or microinjections of cGMP have no effect on olfactory responses in vivo as measured by calcium imaging and single sensillum recording. The absence of the effect of cGMP is shown in contrast to cAMP, which elicits increased responses when perfused shortly before olfactory responses in OSNs. Taken together, the apparent absence of nitric oxide signaling in olfactory neurons indicates that this gaseous messenger may play no role as a regulator of olfactory transduction in insects, though may play other physiological roles at the sensory periphery of the antenna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinisa Prelic
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Merid N. Getahun
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sabine Kaltofen
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Bill S. Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Dieter Wicher
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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26
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Katauskis P, Ivanauskas F, Alaburda A. Mathematical Model of Synaptic Long-Term Potentiation as a Bistability in a Chain of Biochemical Reactions with a Positive Feedback. Acta Biotheor 2023; 71:16. [PMID: 37148358 DOI: 10.1007/s10441-023-09466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) by multiple signaling pathways. Here, we show that LTP of synaptic transmission can be explained as a feature of signal transduction-bistable behavior in a chain of biochemical reactions with positive feedback, formed by diffusion of NO to the presynaptic site and facilitating the release of glutamate (Glu). The dynamics of Glu, calcium (Ca2+) and NO is described by a system of nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations with modified Michaelis-Menten (MM) kinetics. Numerical investigation reveals that the chain of biochemical reactions analyzed can exhibit a bistable behavior under physiological conditions when production of Glu is described by MM kinetics and decay of NO is modeled by means of two enzymatic pathways with different kinetic properties. Our finding extends understanding of the role of NO in LTP: a short high-intensity stimulus is "memorized" as a long-lasting elevation of NO concentration. The conclusions obtained by analysis of the chain of biochemical reactions describing LTP can be generalized to other chains of interactions or for creating the logical elements for biological computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranas Katauskis
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Vilnius University, Naugarduko st. 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Feliksas Ivanauskas
- Institute of Computer Science, Vilnius University, Didlaukio st. 47, 08303, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aidas Alaburda
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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27
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Cardoso MA, Gonçalves HMR, Davis F. Reactive oxygen species in biological media are they friend or foe? Major In vivo and In vitro sensing challenges. Talanta 2023; 260:124648. [PMID: 37167678 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) on biological media has been shifting over the years, as the knowledge on the complex mechanism that lies in underneath their production and overall results has been growing. It has been known for some time that these species are associated with a number of health conditions. However, they also participate in the immunoactivation cascade process, and can have an active role in theranostics. Macrophages, for example, react to the presence of pathogens through ROS production, potentially allowing the development of new therapeutic strategies. However, their short lifetime and limited spatial distribution of ROS have been limiting factors to the development and understanding of this phenomenon. Even though, ROS have shown successful theranostic applications, e.g., photodynamic therapy, their wide applicability has been hampered by the lack of effective tools for monitoring these processes in real time. Thus the development of innovative sensing strategies for in vivo monitoring of the balance between ROS concentration and the resultant immune response is of the utmost relevance. Such knowledge could lead to major breakthroughs towards the development of more effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. Within this review we will present the current understanding on the interaction mechanisms of ROS with biological systems and their overall effect. Additionally, the most promising sensing tools developed so far, for both in vivo and in vitro tracking will be presented along with their main limitations and advantages. This review focuses on the four main ROS that have been studied these are: singlet oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita A Cardoso
- REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia Do Porto, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena M R Gonçalves
- REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia Do Porto, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal; Biosensor NTech - Nanotechnology Services, Lda, Avenida da Liberdade, 249, 1° Andar, 1250-143, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Frank Davis
- Department of Engineering and Applied Design University of Chichester, Bognor Regis, West Sussex, PO21 1HR, UK
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28
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Uliana DL, Diniz CRAF, da Silva LA, Borges-Assis AB, Lisboa SF, Resstel LBM. Contextual fear expression engages a complex set of interactions between ventromedial prefrontal cortex cholinergic, glutamatergic, nitrergic and cannabinergic signaling. Neuropharmacology 2023; 232:109538. [PMID: 37024011 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Rats re-exposed to an environment previously associated with the onset of shocks evoke a set of conditioned defensive responses in preparation to an eventual flight or fight reaction. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is mutually important for controlling the behavioral/physiological consequences of stress exposure and the one's ability to satisfactorily undergo spatial navigation. While cholinergic, cannabinergic and glutamatergic/nitrergic neurotransmissions within the vmPFC are shown as important for modulating both behavioral and autonomic defensive responses, there is a gap on how these systems would interact to ultimately coordinate such conditioned reactions. Then, males Wistar rats had guide cannulas bilaterally implanted to allow drugs to be administered in vmPFC 10 min before their re-exposure to the conditioning chamber where three shocks were delivered at the intensity of 0.85 mA for 2 s two days ago. A femoral catheter was implanted for cardiovascular recordings the day before fear retrieval test. It was found that the increment of freezing behavior and autonomic responses induced by vmPFC infusion of neostigmine (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) were prevented by prior infusion of a transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, nitric oxide scavenger and soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor. A type 3 muscarinic receptor antagonist was unable to prevent the boosting in conditioned responses triggered by a TRPV1 agonist and a cannabinoid receptors type 1 antagonist. Altogether, our results suggest that expression of contextual conditioned responses involves a complex set of signaling steps comprising different but complementary neurotransmitter pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lescano Uliana
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Campus USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Antero da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Campus USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | | | - Sabrina Francesca Lisboa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Campus USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-9034, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Translational Medicine, Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Barbosa Moraes Resstel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Campus USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Translational Medicine, Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brasília, Brazil.
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29
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Tang T, Liu Y, Wang P, Xiang Y, Liu L, Xiao S, Wang G. Carbon quantum dots as a nitric oxide donor can promote wound healing of deep partial-thickness burns in rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 183:106394. [PMID: 36740102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, a new carbon quantum dots-NO (CQDs-NO) that is based on spermidine trihydrochloride and can be used as a nitric oxide donor was prepared using a two-step hyperthermia-intermittent ultrasonic method, after which its healing effect on deep partial-thickness burn wounds was tested in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS CQDs-NO were prepared by a two-step hyperthermia-intermittent ultrasonic method. NO-released rate and biocompatibility of CQDs-NO were tested. The biological functions of CQDs-NO were measured by scratch assay, Western blotting, histology, and transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS CQDs-NO with a concentration of 1 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL showed no cytotoxicity. CQDs-NO could release NO when co-cultured with cells or glutathione peroxidase. We also found that CQDs-NO promotes the biological processes such as angiogenesis, cell-substrate adhesion, extracellular matrix organization, cell migration, and wound healing in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Additionally, CQDs-NO promoted wound healing of deep partial-thickness burn by enhancing vascularization, matrix deposition, as well as regulating the inflammatory reactions of wounds. CONCLUSIONS CQDs-NO could be used as an alternative method for deep partial-thickness burn healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Burn Institute of PLA, Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Research Unit of key techniques for treatment of burns and combined burns and trauma injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Burn Institute of PLA, Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Research Unit of key techniques for treatment of burns and combined burns and trauma injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, 041000, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Burn Institute of PLA, Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Research Unit of key techniques for treatment of burns and combined burns and trauma injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shichu Xiao
- Burn Institute of PLA, Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Research Unit of key techniques for treatment of burns and combined burns and trauma injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Burn Institute of PLA, Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Research Unit of key techniques for treatment of burns and combined burns and trauma injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Azargoonjahromi A. Dual role of nitric oxide in Alzheimer's Disease. Nitric Oxide 2023; 134-135:23-37. [PMID: 37019299 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), an enzymatic product of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), has been associated with a variety of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). NO has long been thought to contribute to neurotoxic insults caused by neuroinflammation in AD. This perception shifts as more attention is paid to the early stages before cognitive problems manifest. However, it has revealed a compensatory neuroprotective role for NO that protects synapses by increasing neuronal excitability. NO can positively affect neurons by inducing neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, and myelination, as well as having cytolytic activity to reduce inflammation. NO can also induce long-term potentiation (LTP), a process by which synaptic connections among neurons become more potent. Not to mention that such functions give rise to AD protection. Notably, it is unquestionably necessary to conduct more research to clarify NO pathways in neurodegenerative dementias because doing so could help us better understand their pathophysiology and develop more effective treatment options. All these findings bring us to the prevailing notion that NO can be used either as a therapeutic agent in patients afflicted with AD and other memory impairment disorders or as a contributor to the neurotoxic and aggressive factor in AD. In this review, after presenting a general background on AD and NO, various factors that have a pivotal role in both protecting and exacerbating AD and their correlation with NO will be elucidated. Following this, both the neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of NO on neurons and glial cells among AD cases will be discussed in detail.
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Abstract
eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) is critically important enzyme responsible for regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. Under physiological conditions, constitutive eNOS activity and production of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) exert essential neurovascular protective functions. In this review, we first discuss the roles of endothelial NO in prevention of neuronal amyloid accumulation and formation of neurofibrillary tangles, hallmarks of Alzheimer disease pathology. Next, we review existing evidence suggesting that NO released from endothelium prevents activation of microglia, stimulates glycolysis in astrocytes, and increases biogenesis of mitochondria. We also address major risk factors for cognitive impairment including aging and ApoE4 (apolipoprotein 4) genotype with focus on their detrimental effects on eNOS/NO signaling. Relevant to this review, recent studies suggested that aged eNOS heterozygous mice are unique model of spontaneous cerebral small vessel disease. In this regard, we review contribution of dysfunctional eNOS to deposition of Aβ (amyloid-β) into blood vessel wall leading to development of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. We conclude that endothelial dysfunction manifested by the loss of neurovascular protective functions of NO may significantly contribute to development of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir S. Katusic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Livius V. d’Uscio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Tongrong He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
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Neuronal nitric oxide synthase positive neurons in the human corpus callosum: a possible link with the callosal blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) effect. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:511-523. [PMID: 36460768 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Brain functions have been investigated in the past decades via the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) effect using functional magnetic resonance imaging. One hypothesis explaining the BOLD effect involves the Nitric Oxide (NO) gaseous neurotransmitter, possibly released also by cells in the corpus callosum (CC). The eventual presence of NO releasing neurons and/or glial cells in the CC can be assessed by immunohistochemistry. Serial sections both from paraffin-embedded and frozen samples of CC obtained from adult human brains autopsy were studied with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis, using an antibody against the neuronal isoform of Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS), the enzyme synthetizing the NO. The staining revealed the presence of many nNOS-immunopositive cells in the CC, shown to be neurons with immunofluorescence. Neuronal NOS-positive neurons presented different morphologies, were more numerous 4 mm apart from the midline, and displayed a peak in the body of the CC. In some cases, they were located at the upper boundary of the CC, more densely packed in the proximity of the callosal arterioles. The significant presence of nNOS-immunopositive neurons within the commissure suggests their probable role in the CC neurovascular regulation in the adult brain and could explain the BOLD effect detected in human CC.
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Acuña LR, Back F, Barp CG, Guilherme Tassoni Bortoloci J, Assreuy J, Carobrez AP. Role of nitric oxide on defensive behavior and long-term aversive learning induced by chemical stimulation of the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray matter. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 200:107735. [PMID: 36813080 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The midbrain periaqueductal gray matter, especially the dorsolateral portion (dlPAG), coordinates immediate defensive responses (DR) to threats, but also ascends forebrain information for aversive learning. The synaptic dynamics in the dlPAG regulate the intensity and type of behavioral expression, as well as long-term processes such as memory acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval. Among several neurotransmitters and neural modulators, nitric oxide seems to play an important regulatory role in the immediate expression of DR, but it remains unclear if this gaseous on-demand neuromodulator contributes to aversive learning. Therefore, the role of nitric oxide in the dlPAG was investigated, during conditioning in an olfactory aversive task. The behavioral analysis consisted of freezing and crouch-sniffing in the conditioning day after glutamatergic NMDA agonist injection into the dlPAG. Two days later, rats were re-exposed to the odor cue and avoidance was measured. 7NI, a selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (40 and 100 nmol), injected before NMDA (50 pmol) impaired immediate DR and consequent aversive learning. The scavenging of extrasynaptic nitric oxide by C-PTIO (1 and 2 nmol) induced similar results. Moreover, spermine NONOate, a nitric oxide donor (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 nmol), produced DR by itself, but only the low dose also promoted learning. The following experiments utilized a fluorescent probe, DAF-FM diacetate (5 µM), directly into the dlPAG, to quantify nitric oxide in the three previous experimental situations. Nitric oxide levels were increased after NMDA stimulation, decreased after 7NI, and increased after spermine NONOate, in line with alterations in defensive expression. Altogether, the results indicate that nitric oxide plays a modulatory and decisive role in the dlPAG regarding immediate DR and aversive learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía R Acuña
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil; Instituto Misionero de Biodiversidad, Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
| | - Franklin Back
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Clarissa G Barp
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Jamil Assreuy
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Antonio P Carobrez
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Engel JA, Pålsson E, Vallöf D, Jerlhag E. Ghrelin activates the mesolimbic dopamine system via nitric oxide associated mechanisms in the ventral tegmental area. Nitric Oxide 2023; 131:1-7. [PMID: 36513266 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Besides enhanced feeding, the orexigenic peptide ghrelin activates the mesolimbic dopamine system to cause reward as measured by locomotor stimulation, dopamine release in nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS), and conditioned place preference. Although the ventral tegmental area (VTA) appears to be a central brain region for this ghrelin-reward, the underlying mechanisms within this area are unknown. The findings that the gaseous neurotransmitter nitric oxide (NO) modulate the ghrelin enhanced feeding, led us to hypothesize that ghrelin increases NO levels in the VTA, and thereby stimulates reward-related behaviors. We initially demonstrated that inhibition of NO synthesis blocked the ghrelin-induced activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system. We then established that antagonism of downstream signaling of NO in the VTA, namely sGC, prevents the ability of ghrelin to stimulate the mesolimbic dopamine system. The association of ghrelin to NO was further strengthened by in vivo electrochemical recordings showing that ghrelin enhances the NO release in the VTA. Besides a GABAB -receptor agonist, known to reduce NO and cGMP, blocks the stimulatory properties of ghrelin. The present series of experiments reveal that ablated NO signaling, through pharmacologically inhibiting the production of NO and/or cGMP, prevents the ability of ghrelin to induced reward-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörgen A Engel
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Pålsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Neurochemistry and Psychiatry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Vallöf
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Jerlhag
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Wiseman AL, Briggs CA, Peritt A, Kapecki N, Peterson DA, Shim SS, Stutzmann GE. Lithium Provides Broad Therapeutic Benefits in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:273-290. [PMID: 36442195 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with a progressive loss of cognitive function. Currently, no effective treatment regimen is available. Lithium, a mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder, exerts broad neuroprotective and neurotrophic actions and improves cognitive function. OBJECTIVE The study investigated if lithium stabilizes Ca2+ signaling abnormalities in hippocampal neurons and subsequently normalize downstream effects on AD neuropathology and synaptic plasticity in young AD mice. METHODS Four-month-old 3xTg-AD mice were treated with a LiCl diet chow for 30 days. At the end of the lithium treatment, a combination of two-photon Ca2+ imaging, electrophysiology, and immunohistochemistry assays were used to assess the effects of the LiCl treatment on inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-dependent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ and voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (VGCC)-mediated Ca2+ signaling in CA1 neurons, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) levels and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and overlying cortex from 3xTg-ADmice. RESULTS Thirty-day LiCl treatment reduced aberrant IP3R-dependent ER Ca2+ and VGCC-mediated Ca2+ signaling in CA1 pyramidal neurons from 3xTg-AD mice and restored neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) levels to control levels in the hippocampal subfields and overlying cortex. The LiCl treatment enhanced post-tetanic potentiation (PTP), a form of short-term plasticity in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION The study found that lithium exerts therapeutic effects across several AD-associated early neuronal signaling abnormalities including aberrant Ca2+ signaling, nNOS, and p-tau formation and enhances short-term synaptic plasticity. Lithium could serve as an effective treatment or co-therapeutic for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L Wiseman
- Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.,School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Clark A Briggs
- Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ariel Peritt
- Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.,Sackler School of Medicine, New York State/American Program of Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicolas Kapecki
- Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel A Peterson
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.,Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.,School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Seong S Shim
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.,Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center, Mental Health, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.,Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.,School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
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36
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Su Y, Wang B, Ye J, Wang Y, Cui Y, Chen C, Ruan N, Hu Z, Li L, Liu H, Xie H. Dexmedetomidine improves the acute stress reactivity of male rat through interventions of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 and nNOS in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 638:155-162. [PMID: 36459879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Moderate acute stress responses are beneficial for adaptation and maintenance of homeostasis. Exposure of male rat to stress induces effects in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), for it can be activated by the same stimuli that induce activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. However, the underlying mechanism of the BNST on male stress reactivity remains unclear. In this study, we explored whether systematic administration of dexmedetomidine (DEXM) altered the acute stress reactivity through its effect on the BNST. Male Sprague-Dawley rats in the stress (STRE) group, DEXM group, and the DEXM + GSK-650394 (GSK, an antagonist of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1)) group, except those in the vehicle (VEH) group, underwent 1-h restraint plus water-immersion (RPWI) exposure. All the rats proceeded the open field test (OFT) 24 h before RPWI and 1 h after RPWI. After the second OFT, the rats received VEH, DEXM (75 μg/kg i.p.), or were pretreated with GSK (2 μM i.p.) 0.5 h ahead of DEXM respectively. The third OFT was conducted 6 h after drug administration and then the rats were sacrificed. The rats that experienced RPWI showed dramatically elevated serum corticosterone (CORT), multiplied neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and SGK1 in the BNST, and terrible OFT behavior. We discovered when the nNOS and SGK1 were decreased in the rat BNST through DEXM treatment, the serum CORT was reduced and the OFT manifestation was ameliorated, whereas these were restrained by GSK application. Our results reveal that modest interventions to SGK1 and nNOS in the BNST improve the male rat reactivity to acute stress, and DEXM was one modulator of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Su
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Benfu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianwen Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Cui
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunjiang Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Naqi Ruan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiyan Hu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huacheng Liu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Aksenov DP, Gascoigne DA, Duan J, Drobyshevsky A. Function and development of interneurons involved in brain tissue oxygen regulation. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1069496. [PMID: 36504684 PMCID: PMC9729339 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1069496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of oxygen in brain tissue is one of the most important fundamental questions in neuroscience and medicine. The brain is a metabolically demanding organ, and its health directly depends on maintaining oxygen concentrations within a relatively narrow range that is both sufficiently high to prevent hypoxia, and low enough to restrict the overproduction of oxygen species. Neurovascular interactions, which are responsible for oxygen delivery, consist of neuronal and glial components. GABAergic interneurons play a particularly important role in neurovascular interactions. The involvement of interneurons extends beyond the perspective of inhibition, which prevents excessive neuronal activity and oxygen consumption, and includes direct modulation of the microvasculature depending upon their sub-type. Namely, nitric oxide synthase-expressing (NOS), vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing (VIP), and somatostatin-expressing (SST) interneurons have shown modulatory effects on microvessels. VIP interneurons are known to elicit vasodilation, SST interneurons typically cause vasoconstriction, and NOS interneurons have to propensity to induce both effects. Given the importance and heterogeneity of interneurons in regulating local brain tissue oxygen concentrations, we review their differing functions and developmental trajectories. Importantly, VIP and SST interneurons display key developmental milestones in adolescence, while NOS interneurons mature much earlier. The implications of these findings point to different periods of critical development of the interneuron-mediated oxygen regulatory systems. Such that interference with normal maturation processes early in development may effect NOS interneuron neurovascular interactions to a greater degree, while insults later in development may be more targeted toward VIP- and SST-mediated mechanisms of oxygen regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil P. Aksenov
- Department of Radiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States,Department of Anesthesiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States,Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States,*Correspondence: Daniil P. Aksenov,
| | - David A. Gascoigne
- Department of Radiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Jubao Duan
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alexander Drobyshevsky
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States,Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
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Mechanisms of NO-Mediated Protein S-Nitrosylation in the Lens-Induced Myopia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8296043. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8296043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Myopia is a chronic ocular disease, emerging as the most common type of refractive error. This study intends to preliminarily explore the roles of protein S-nitrosylation of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of myopia by detecting the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and downstream S-nitrosylation, using the animal model of lens-induced myopia (LIM) in mice. Methods. The 3-week-old C57BL/6 J mice were divided into three groups: group I, lens-induced 0-week group (take eyeballs at the age of 3 weeks); group II, self-control eyes of experimental group (take eyeballs at the age of 7 weeks); and group III, lens-induced 4-week group (take eyeballs at the age of 7 weeks). The diopter and axial length of each group were measured by streak retinoscopes and optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after model establishment. The protein expressions and locations of nNOS and S-nitrosylated proteins (PSNOs) were measured by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Site-specific proteomic for protein S-nitrolysation was used to detect the existence and location of S-nitrosylation proteins in the retina of myopic and nonmyopic mice. The Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and motif enrichment analyses were performed. The differential sites were analyzed by GO, KEGG, and motif. Irreversible biotinylation procedure combined with protein purification and western blot was used to detect the protein expression of α-enolase (ENO1), a key player in the hypoxia-related signal pathway. Results. The expressions of nNOS and PSNOs were significantly lower in the retina of experimental eyes than that in self-control eyes and 3-week-old baseline group. A total of 595 S-nitrosylated proteins, 709 S-nitrosylated peptides, and 708 S-nitrosylated sites were identified by site-specific S-nitrolysation proteomics in the retina of myopic and control eyes. A total of 19 differentiation loci were screened, of which 13 sites were downregulated and 6 sites were upregulated in experimental eyes compared with the self-control group. Specifically, the expression of SNO-ENO1 was significantly lower in the retina of experimental eyes than that in self-control eyes and 3-week-old baseline group. Conclusion. LIM induces the decrease of nNOS and PSNO protein levels in the retina of myopic mice. NO-mediated nonclassical protein S-nitrosylation modification may play an important role in the regulation of lens-induced myopia. ENO1 may be a key factor in the regulation of S-nitrosylation modification of myopia.
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The Comprehensive Analysis of Hub Gene ARRB2 in Prostate Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8518378. [PMID: 36284990 PMCID: PMC9588343 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8518378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Methods The differential expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from the gene expression profile GSE30994 related to PRAD and then analyzed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) to screen the hub gene. Subsequently, the relation between hub gene and pan cancers, PRAD prognosis, and immunotherapy was analyzed. Besides, the effects of hub gene on the growth and metastasis of PRAD cell lines and inflammatory factors (IFs) were detected by functional experiments. Results 276 upregulated and 1,861 downregulated DEGs were analyzed from GSE30994 gene expression profiles. Through enrichment analysis, it was found that upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in nitric oxide-mediated signal transduction, insulin signaling pathway, etc. Through PPI networks, ARRB2 was determined as the hub gene that was highly expressed in pan cancers, including PRAD, and contributed to poor prognosis of PRAD patients. Immunoassay showed that ARRB2 was associated with B cells, NK cells, endothelial cells, etc. and also connected with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Next, the signature model analysis revealed that ARRB2 had a clinical value in predicting PRAD prognosis. In functional experiments, ARRB2 was highly expressed in PRAD cell lines, promoted PRAD cell growth and metastasis, and positively associated with IFs. Conclusion ARRB2 has a good prognostic ability in PRAD, and it could be a potential target of PRAD immunotherapy, which offers new directions for PRAD research.
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Olthof BMJ, Lyzwa D, Gartside SE, Rees A. Nitric oxide signalling underlies salicylate-induced increases in neuronal firing in the inferior colliculus: A central mechanism of tinnitus? Hear Res 2022; 424:108585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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da Silva LA, Diniz CRAF, Uliana DL, da Silva-Júnior AF, Bertacchini GL, Resstel LBM. The interaction between hippocampal cholinergic and nitrergic neurotransmission coordinates NMDA-dependent behavior and autonomic changes induced by contextual fear retrieval. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3297-3311. [PMID: 35978221 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Re-exposing an animal to an environment previously paired with an aversive stimulus evokes large alterations in behavioral and cardiovascular parameters. Dorsal hippocampus (dHC) receives important cholinergic inputs from the basal forebrain, and respective acetylcholine (ACh) levels are described to influence defensive behavior. Activation of muscarinic M1 and M3 receptors facilitates autonomic and behavioral responses along threats. Evidence show activation of cholinergic receptors promoting formation of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in dHC. Altogether, the action of ACh and NO on conditioned responses appears to converge within dHC. OBJECTIVES As answer about how ACh and NO interact to modulate defensive responses has so far been barely addressed, we aimed to shed additional light on this topic. METHODS Male Wistar rats had guide cannula implanted into the dHC before being submitted to the contextual fear conditioning (3footshocks/085 mA/2 s). A catheter was implanted in the femoral artery the next day for cardiovascular recordings. Drugs were delivered into dHC 10 min before contextual re-exposure, which occurred 48 h after the conditioning procedure. RESULTS Neostigmine (Neo) amplified the retrieval of conditioned responses. Neo effects (1 nmol) were prevented by the prior infusion of a M1-M3 antagonist (fumarate), a neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (NPLA), a NO scavenger (cPTIO), a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor (ODQ), and a NMDA antagonist (AP-7). Pretreatment with a selective M1 antagonist (pirenzepine) only prevented the increase in autonomic responses induced by Neo. CONCLUSION The results show that modulation in the retrieval of contextual fear responses involves coordination of the dHC M1-M3/NO/cGMP/NMDA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Antero da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Campus USP, Bandeirantes Avenue, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- State University of Mato Grosso Do Sul - Medicine UEMS, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Ricardo Alves Faria Diniz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Campus USP, Bandeirantes Avenue, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela Lescano Uliana
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Campus USP, Bandeirantes Avenue, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Antonio Furtado da Silva-Júnior
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Campus USP, Bandeirantes Avenue, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Luiz Bertacchini
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Campus USP, Bandeirantes Avenue, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Barbosa Moraes Resstel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Campus USP, Bandeirantes Avenue, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
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Gambino G, Gallo D, Covelo A, Ferraro G, Sardo P, Giglia G. TRPV1 channels in nitric oxide-mediated signalling: insight on excitatory transmission in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 191:128-136. [PMID: 36029909 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a fascinating signalling molecule implicated in a plethora of biological functions, especially at the synaptic level. Exploring neurotransmission in the hippocampus could be instrumental in the individuation of putative targets for nitric-oxide mediated neuromodulation, especially in terms of the potential repercussions on fundamental processes i.e. synaptic plasticity and excitability-related phenomena. Among these targets, endovanilloid signalling constitutes an object of study since Transient Receptors Vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channels possess a NO-sensitive gate modulating its activation. Also, NO has been referred to as a mediator for numerous endocannabinoid effects. Notwithstanding, the linkage between TRPV1 and NO systems in neuromodulation still remains elusive. To this end, we aim at investigating the involvement of TRPV1 in nitric oxide-mediated influence on hippocampal processes. Electrophysiological whole-cell recordings in CA1 pyramidal neurons were applied to evaluate excitatory neurotransmission in rat brain slices. Indeed, miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) were analysed upon pharmacological manipulation of TRPV1 and NO signalling pathways. In detail, only the administration of the specific TRPV1 exogenous agonist - capsaicin - reduced the frequency and amplitude of mEPSC similarly to the inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), 7-nitroindazole (7NI). In contrast, capsazepine, TRPV1 antagonist, does not influence excitatory transmission. The combined TRPV1 activation and nNOS blockade confirm the presence of a putative common mechanism. When we administered the endovanilloid-endocannabinoid ligand, i.e. anandamide, we unveiled a potentiation of neurotransmission that was selectively reverted by 7NI. Our data suggest that nitric oxide influences TRPV1 hippocampal signalling since these channels are not constitutively active, but can be "on-demand" activated to modulate excitation in CA1 pyramidal neurons, and that this effect is linked to nitric oxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Gambino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Daniele Gallo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Ana Covelo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Sardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giglia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Italy
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Mohammadi A, Higazy R, Gauda EB. PGC-1α activity and mitochondrial dysfunction in preterm infants. Front Physiol 2022; 13:997619. [PMID: 36225305 PMCID: PMC9548560 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.997619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) are born in a relatively hyperoxic environment with weak antioxidant defenses, placing them at high risk for mitochondrial dysfunction affecting multiple organ systems including the nervous, respiratory, ocular, and gastrointestinal systems. The brain and lungs are highly affected by mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulation in the neonate, causing white matter injury (WMI) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), respectively. Adequate mitochondrial function is important in providing sufficient energy for organ development as it relates to alveolarization and axonal myelination and decreasing oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) detoxification. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Since mitochondrial dysfunction is at the root of WMI and BPD pathobiology, exploring therapies that can regulate PGC-1α activity may be beneficial. This review article describes several promising therapeutic agents that can mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction through direct and indirect activation and upregulation of the PGC-1α pathway. Metformin, resveratrol, omega 3 fatty acids, montelukast, L-citrulline, and adiponectin are promising candidates that require further pre-clinical and clinical studies to understand their efficacy in decreasing the burden of disease from WMI and BPD in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Mohammadi
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Randa Higazy
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Estelle B. Gauda
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Estelle B. Gauda,
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Microelectrode implants, inflammatory response and long-lasting effects on NADPH diaphorase neurons in the rat frontal cortex. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:2569-2580. [PMID: 35947168 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
At present, one of the main therapeutic challenges comprises the development of technologies to improve the life quality of people suffering from different types of body paralysis, through the reestablishment of sensory and motor functions. In this regard, brain-machine interfaces (BMI) offer hope to effectively mitigate body paralysis through the control of paralyzed body parts by brain activity. Invasive BMI use chronic multielectrode implants to record neural activity directly from the brain tissue. While such invasive devices provide the highest amount of usable neural activity for BMI control, they also involve direct damage to the nervous tissue. In the cerebral cortex, high levels of the enzyme NADPH diaphorase (NADPH-d) characterize a particular class of interneurons that regulates neuronal excitability and blood supply. To gain insight into the biocompatibility of invasive BMI, we assessed the impact of chronic implanted tungsten multielectrode bundles on the distribution and morphology of NADPH-d-reactive neurons in the rat frontal cortex. NADPH-d neuronal labeling was correlated with glial response markers and with indices of healthy neuronal activity measured by electrophysiological recordings performed up to 3 months after multielectrode implantation. Chronic electrode arrays caused a small and quite localized structural disturbance on the implanted site, with neuronal loss and glial activation circumscribed to the site of implant. Electrodes remained viable during the entire period of implantation. Moreover, neither the distribution nor the morphology of NADPH-d neurons was altered. Overall, our findings provide additional evidence that tungsten multielectrodes can be employed as a viable element for long-lasting therapeutic BMI applications.
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Oxidative Stress as a Potential Mechanism Underlying Membrane Hyperexcitability in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081511. [PMID: 36009230 PMCID: PMC9405356 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by gradually progressive, selective loss of anatomically or physiologically related neuronal systems that produce brain damage from which there is no recovery. Despite the differences in clinical manifestations and neuronal vulnerability, the pathological processes appear to be similar, suggesting common neurodegenerative pathways. It is well known that oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen radicals plays a key role in neuronal cell damage. It has been proposed that this stress, among other mechanisms, could contribute to neuronal degeneration and might be one of the factors triggering the development of these pathologies. Another common feature in most neurodegenerative diseases is neuron hyperexcitability, an aberrant electrical activity. This review, focusing mainly on primary motor cortex pyramidal neurons, critically evaluates the idea that oxidative stress and inflammation may be involved in neurodegeneration via their capacity to increase membrane excitability.
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Zemba Cilic A, Zemba M, Cilic M, Strbe S, Ilic S, Vukojevic J, Zoricic Z, Filipcic I, Kokot A, Smoday IM, Rukavina I, Boban Blagaic A, Tvrdeic A, Duplancic B, Stambolija V, Marcinko D, Skrtic A, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. BPC 157, L-NAME, L-Arginine, NO-Relation, in the Suited Rat Ketamine Models Resembling “Negative-Like” Symptoms of Schizophrenia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071462. [PMID: 35884767 PMCID: PMC9313087 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We attempted throughout the NO-system to achieve the particular counteraction of the ketamine-induced resembling “negative-like” schizophrenia symptoms in rats using pentadecapeptide BPC 157, and NO-agents, NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME), and/or L-arginine, triple application. This might be the find out the NO-system organized therapy (i.e., simultaneously implied NO-system blockade (L-NAME) vs. NO-system over-stimulation (L-arginine) vs. NO-system immobilization (L-NAME+L-arginine)). The ketamine regimen (intraperitoneally/kg) included: 3 mg (cognitive dysfunction, novel object recognition test), 30 mg (anxiogenic effect (open field test) and anhedonia (sucrose test)), and 8 mg/3 days (social withdrawal). Medication (mg/kg intraperitoneally) was L-NAME (5), L-arginine (100), and BPC 157 (0.01), alone and/or together, given immediately before ketamine (L-NAME, L-arginine, and combination) or given immediately after (BPC 157 and combinations). BPC 157 counteracted ketamine-cognition dysfunction, social withdrawal, and anhedonia, and exerted additional anxiolytic effect. L-NAME (antagonization, social withdrawal) and L-arginine (antagonization, cognitive dysfunction, anhedonia) both included worsening cognitive dysfunction, anhedonia, and anxiogenic effect (L-NAME), social withdrawal, and anxiogenic effect (L-arginine). Thus, ketamine-induced resembling “negative-like” schizophrenia symptoms were “L-NAME non-responsive, L-arginine responsive” (cognition dysfunction), “L-NAME responsive, L-arginine non-responsive” (social withdrawal), “L-NAME responsive, L-arginine responsive, opposite effect” (anhedonia) and “L-NAME responsive, L-arginine responsive, parallel effect” (both anxiogening). In cognition dysfunction, BPC 157 overwhelmed NO-agents effects. The mRNA expression studies in brain tissue evidenced considerable overlapping of gene overexpression in healthy rats treated with ketamine or BPC 157. With the BPC 157 therapy applied immediately after ketamine, the effect on Nos1, Nos2, Plcg1, Prkcg, and Ptgs2 (increased or decreased expression), appeared as a timely specific BPC 157 effect on ketamine-specific targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zemba Cilic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.Z.C.); (M.Z.); (M.C.); (S.I.); (J.V.); (I.M.S.); (I.R.); (A.B.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Mladen Zemba
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.Z.C.); (M.Z.); (M.C.); (S.I.); (J.V.); (I.M.S.); (I.R.); (A.B.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Matija Cilic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.Z.C.); (M.Z.); (M.C.); (S.I.); (J.V.); (I.M.S.); (I.R.); (A.B.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Clinical Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (I.F.); (D.M.)
| | - Spomenko Ilic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.Z.C.); (M.Z.); (M.C.); (S.I.); (J.V.); (I.M.S.); (I.R.); (A.B.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Jaksa Vukojevic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.Z.C.); (M.Z.); (M.C.); (S.I.); (J.V.); (I.M.S.); (I.R.); (A.B.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Zoran Zoricic
- University Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Igor Filipcic
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Clinical Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (I.F.); (D.M.)
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Ivan Maria Smoday
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.Z.C.); (M.Z.); (M.C.); (S.I.); (J.V.); (I.M.S.); (I.R.); (A.B.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Iva Rukavina
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.Z.C.); (M.Z.); (M.C.); (S.I.); (J.V.); (I.M.S.); (I.R.); (A.B.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.Z.C.); (M.Z.); (M.C.); (S.I.); (J.V.); (I.M.S.); (I.R.); (A.B.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Ante Tvrdeic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.Z.C.); (M.Z.); (M.C.); (S.I.); (J.V.); (I.M.S.); (I.R.); (A.B.B.); (A.T.)
| | | | - Vasilije Stambolija
- Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Darko Marcinko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Clinical Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (I.F.); (D.M.)
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (P.S.); Tel.: +385-1-4566-980 (A.S.); +385-1-4566-833 (P.S.); Fax: +385-1-4920-050 (A.S. & P.S.)
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.Z.C.); (M.Z.); (M.C.); (S.I.); (J.V.); (I.M.S.); (I.R.); (A.B.B.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (P.S.); Tel.: +385-1-4566-980 (A.S.); +385-1-4566-833 (P.S.); Fax: +385-1-4920-050 (A.S. & P.S.)
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Acute Colon Inflammation Triggers Primary Motor Cortex Glial Activation, Neuroinflammation, Neuronal Hyperexcitability, and Motor Coordination Deficits. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105347. [PMID: 35628158 PMCID: PMC9141031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation underlies neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we test whether acute colon inflammation activates microglia and astrocytes, induces neuroinflammation, disturbs neuron intrinsic electrical properties in the primary motor cortex, and alters motor behaviors. We used a rat model of acute colon inflammation induced by dextran sulfate sodium. Inflammatory mediators and microglial activation were assessed in the primary motor cortex by PCR and immunofluorescence assays. Electrophysiological properties of the motor cortex neurons were determined by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Motor behaviors were examined using open-field and rotarod tests. We show that the primary motor cortex of rats with acute colon inflammation exhibited microglial and astrocyte activation and increased mRNA abundance of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and both inducible and neuronal nitric oxide synthases. These changes were accompanied by a reduction in resting membrane potential and rheobase and increased input resistance and action potential frequency, indicating motor neuron hyperexcitability. In addition, locomotion and motor coordination were impaired. In conclusion, acute colon inflammation induces motor cortex microglial and astrocyte activation and inflammation, which led to neurons’ hyperexcitability and reduced motor coordination performance. The described disturbances resembled some of the early features found in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and animal models, suggesting that colon inflammation might be a risk factor for developing this disease.
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Niu F, Yu Y, Li Z, Ren Y, Li Z, Ye Q, Liu P, Ji C, Qian L, Xiong Y. Arginase: An emerging and promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112840. [PMID: 35316752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginase is a key hydrolase in the urea cycle that hydrolyses L-arginine to urea and L-ornithine. Increasing number of studies in recent years demonstrate that two mammalian arginase isoforms, arginase 1 (ARG1) and arginase 2 (ARG2), were aberrantly upregulated in various types of cancers, and played crucial roles in the regulation of tumor growth and metastasis through various mechanisms such as regulating L-arginine metabolism, influencing tumor immune microenvironment, etc. Thus, arginase receives increasing focus as an attractive target for cancer therapy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the physiological and biological roles of arginase in a variety of cancers, and shed light on the underlying mechanisms of arginase mediating cancer cells growth and development, as well as summarize the recent clinical research advances of targeting arginase for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuozhuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zi Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenshuang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Carbon dots as Reactive Nitrogen Species nanosensors. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1202:339654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Stern-Mentch N, Winter G, Belenky M, Moroz L, Hochner B. Neurotransmission and neuromodulation systems in the learning and memory network of Octopus vulgaris. J Morphol 2022; 283:557-584. [PMID: 35107842 PMCID: PMC9303212 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The vertical lobe (VL) in the octopus brain plays an essential role in its sophisticated learning and memory. Early anatomical studies suggested that the VL is organized in a “fan‐out fan‐in” connectivity matrix comprising only three morphologically identified neuron types; input axons from the median superior frontal lobe (MSFL) innervating en passant millions of small amacrine interneurons (AMs), which converge sharply onto large VL output neurons (LNs). Recent physiological studies confirmed the feedforward excitatory connectivity; a glutamatergic synapse at the first MSFL‐to‐AM synaptic layer and a cholinergic AM‐to‐LNs synapse. MSFL‐to‐AMs synapses show a robust hippocampal‐like activity‐dependent long‐term potentiation (LTP) of transmitter release. 5‐HT, octopamine, dopamine and nitric oxide modulate short‐ and long‐term VL synaptic plasticity. Here, we present a comprehensive histolabeling study to better characterize the neural elements in the VL. We generally confirmed glutamatergic MSFLs and cholinergic AMs. Intense labeling for NOS activity in the AMs neurites were in‐line with the NO‐dependent presynaptic LTP mechanism at the MSFL‐to‐AM synapse. New discoveries here reveal more heterogeneity of the VL neurons than previously thought. GABAergic AMs suggest a subpopulation of inhibitory interneurons in the first input layer. Clear γ‐amino butyric acid labeling in the cell bodies of LNs supported an inhibitory VL output, yet the LNs co‐expressed FMRFamide‐like neuropeptides, suggesting an additional neuromodulatory role of the VL output. Furthermore, a group of LNs was glutamatergic. A new cluster of cells organized as a “deep nucleus” showed rich catecholaminergic labeling and may play a role in intrinsic neuromodulation. In‐situ hybridization and immunolabeling allowed characterization and localization of a rich array of neuropeptides and neuromodulators, likely involved in reward/punishment signals. This analysis of the fast transmission system, together with the newly found cellular elements, help integrate behavioral, physiological, pharmacological and connectome findings into a more comprehensive understanding of an efficient learning and memory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Stern-Mentch
- Department of Neurobiology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gabriela Winter
- Department of Neuroscience and McKnight Brain Institute, and Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Ocean Genome Atlas Project, San Francisco, USA
| | - Michael Belenky
- Department of Neurobiology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Leonid Moroz
- Department of Neuroscience and McKnight Brain Institute, and Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Binyamin Hochner
- Department of Neurobiology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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