1
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Bai Z, Jia A, Bai Z, Qu S, Zhang M, Kong L, Sun R, Wang M. Photovoltaic panels have altered grassland plant biodiversity and soil microbial diversity. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1065899. [PMID: 36590393 PMCID: PMC9797687 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1065899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human concerns about fossil fuel depletion, energy security and environmental degradation have driven the rapid development of solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation. Most of the photovoltaic power generation plants are concentrated in desert, grassland and arable land, which means the change of land use type. However, there is still a gap in the research of the PV panel layout on grassland plant species diversity and ecological function. Methods In this study, Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was used to investigate the effects of PV panel arrangement on grassland plant species diversity and soil microbial diversity. In view of the differences in the microclimate at different sites of the PV panels, quadrates were arranged in front edge (FE), beneath the center of each panel (BP), back edge (BE), the uncovered interspace adjacent to each panel (IS) and the undisturbed grassland around the PV panels (Control), respectively. Results PV panels (especially FE) significantly increased the total aboveground productivity (total AGB) and plant species diversity in grasslands. FE increased precipitation accumulation and plant species diversity directly and indirectly changed the diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities. PV panels decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota, while increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Methylomirabilota. EC, Margalef' s richness and total AGB were the main factors affecting the composition of bacterial communities, while alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (AN) and available phosphorus (AP) were the main factors affecting the composition of fungal communities. Discussion In conclusion, the arrangement of PV panels increased the plant species diversity and soil microorganisms in grassland. This study provides important information for further understanding the impact of PV panels on grassland ecosystem function and is of great significance for maintaining grassland ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyin Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Aomei Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenjian Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanmin Qu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Linghang Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Renhao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingjun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Mingjun Wang,
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Li W, Wang Z, He S. Effects of species richness and nutrient availability on the invasibility of experimental microalgal microcosms. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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3
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Rossignaud L, Kimberley MO, Kelly D, Fei S, Brockerhoff EG. Effects of competition and habitat heterogeneity on native‐exotic plant richness relationships across spatial scales. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dave Kelly
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Songlin Fei
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Eckehard G. Brockerhoff
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute) Christchurch New Zealand
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
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Kaul AD, Wilsey BJ. Exotic species drive patterns of plant species diversity in 93 restored tallgrass prairies. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e2252. [PMID: 33145856 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A primary goal of restoration ecology is to understand the factors that generate variability in species diversity and composition among restorations. Plant communities may assemble deterministically toward a common community type, or they may assemble stochastically, ending differently because of weather conditions during establishment, soil legacy effects, or exotic species propagule pressure. To test these alternative hypotheses, we sampled plant communities and soil at 93 randomly selected restored prairies distributed throughout Iowa, USA. Five remnant sites were sampled as a reference. We tested our hypotheses using multiple regressions and investigated the strength of direct and indirect effects on species diversity and richness using structural equation models. The prairie restorations were highly variable in their age, size, diversity, soil characteristics, and how they were managed post-seeding. The strongest predictor of plant species richness and diversity was the degree of invasion, as measured by the abundance of exotic species. Restorations planted with species-rich seed mixes had reduced exotic species abundance, which led indirectly to higher species richness of restorations. Sites with higher organic matter and a more linear shape had a direct positive effect on exotic abundance, which in turn decreased diversity. We found little support for deterministic assembly, and diversity did not increase with the age of planting. Our results indicate that restored prairie communities tend to assemble into states of high or low diversity, driven by invasion from exotic plant species. Management of exotic species is essential for maximizing species diversity in temperate grassland restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Kaul
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 251 Bessey Hall, 2200 Osborn Drive, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Brian J Wilsey
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 251 Bessey Hall, 2200 Osborn Drive, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
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Shi Y, Zhang K, Li Q, Liu X, He JS, Chu H. Interannual climate variability and altered precipitation influence the soil microbial community structure in a Tibetan Plateau grassland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136794. [PMID: 31991278 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate change could influence aboveground and belowground plant community diversity and structure profoundly. However, our understanding of the responses of microbial communities to changes in both temperature and precipitation remains poor. Here, using 16S rDNA and ITS high throughput sequencing, we investigated the responses of soil bacterial and fungal community structure to both temperature and precipitation changes, and how such changes could influence interannual variability within soil microbial communities in a grassland in the Tibetan Plateau. The altered precipitation treatments had significant effects on soil bacterial and fungal community structure (F = 2.11, P = 0,001; F = 2.26. P = 0.001, respectively), while year had a more significant effect on soil bacterial and fungal community structure (F = 3.36, P = 0.001; F = 2.67, P = 0.001, respectively). The results showed that the interannual fluctuations in mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature were significantly correlated with the interannual variations in soil bacterial and fungal community structures. In addition, the robustness of co-occurrence relationships among microbes could be strongly influenced by the altered precipitation and year. Overall, our results indicated that the effect of interannual climate variability on the soil microbial community was greater than the effect of a 1.6 °C increase in temperature. Our findings suggest an interactive effect of rapid interannual variability and slow climate change on the belowground soil microbial community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaoping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Sheng He
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
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Kortz AR, Magurran AE. Increases in local richness (α-diversity) following invasion are offset by biotic homogenization in a biodiversity hotspot. Biol Lett 2019; 15:20190133. [PMID: 31088282 PMCID: PMC6548741 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The world's ecosystems are experiencing unparalleled rates of biodiversity change, with invasive species implicated as one of the drivers that restructure local assemblages. Here we focus on the processes leading to biodiversity change in a biodiversity hotspot, the Brazilian Cerrado. The null expectation that invasion leads to increase in local species richness is supported by our investigation of the grass layer in two key habitats (campo sujo and campo úmido). Our analysis uncovered a linear relationship between total richness and invasive richness at the plot level. However, because the invasive species-even though few in number-are widespread, their contribution to local richness (α-diversity) is offset by their homogenizing influence on composition (β-diversity). We thus identify a mechanism that can help explain the paradox that species richness is not declining in many local assemblages, yet compositional change is exceeding the predictions of ecological theory. As such, our results emphasize the importance of quantifying both α-diversity and β-diversity in assessments of biodiversity change in the contemporary world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra R. Kortz
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK
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Zhang G, Bai J, Jia J, Wang W, Wang X, Zhao Q, Lu Q. Shifts of soil microbial community composition along a short-term invasion chronosequence of Spartina alterniflora in a Chinese estuary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 657:222-233. [PMID: 30543970 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exotic plant invasion can alter native soil microbial community composition, and further influence the biogeochemical processes. Little information is available about the impacts of the invasion chronosequence of Spartina alterniflora on the dynamics of soil microbial community. Soil microbial community in coastal salt marshes invaded by S. alterniflora and reference wetlands covered by Suaeda salsa were investigated using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) profiling along a short-term chronosequence (i.e., 2-, 5- and 10-year) of S. alterniflora invasion in the Yellow River Estuary. Results exhibited an increase in soil moisture, soil organic matter (SOM), soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN) and the total of PLFAs with increasing invasion ages of S. alterniflora in these coastal salt marshes. Comparatively, soil pH and bulk density exhibited a weak decline along the invasion chronosequence. The elevated values of relative abundance of fungi and the ratios of fungi: bacteria (F/B) in all invaded salt marshes were mainly associated with the accumulation of soil available substrate (e.g., SOM, DOC and TN). S. alterniflora invasion also increased the ratios of gram-positive/gram-negative (G+/G-) bacterial PLFAs, with the highest value occurring in the 2-year invaded salt marshes. The bacterial stress indicated by ratios of cy17:0/16:1ω7c and cy19:0/18:1ω7c consistently decreased along the invasion chronosequence. In conclusion, the shifts of soil microbial community composition were tightly associated with soil variables, such as soil pH and soil nutrient supply. Our findings reflect the short-term chronological effects of S. alterniflora invasion on the soil physicochemical characteristics and microbial communities, which contributes to the linkage between the plant invasion and soil development of coastal salt marshes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junhong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qiongqiong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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8
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Smith NS, Côté IM. Multiple drivers of contrasting diversity–invasibility relationships at fine spatial grains. Ecology 2019; 100:e02573. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola S. Smith
- Earth to Oceans Research Group Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Isabelle M. Côté
- Earth to Oceans Research Group Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
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9
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Ng J, Weaver WN, Laport RG. Testing Darwin's Naturalization Conundrum using phylogenetic relationships: Generalizable patterns across disparate communities? DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julienne Ng
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado
| | - William N. Weaver
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado
| | - Robert G. Laport
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado
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10
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Luo Z, Chen X, Xia G, Chen X. Extrinsic environmental factors, not resident diversity itself, lead to invasion of Ageratum conyzoides L. in diverse communities. Ecol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-018-1637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Méndez V, Wood JR, Butler SJ. Resource diversity and provenance underpin spatial patterns in functional diversity across native and exotic species. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:4409-4421. [PMID: 29760883 PMCID: PMC5938469 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional diversity metrics are increasingly used to augment or replace taxonomic diversity metrics to deliver more mechanistic insights into community structure and function. Metrics used to describe landscape structure and characteristics share many of the same limitations as taxonomy‐based metrics, particularly their reliance on anthropogenically defined typologies with little consideration of structure, management, or function. However, the development of alternative metrics to describe landscape characteristics has been limited. Here, we extend the functional diversity framework to characterize landscapes based on the diversity of resources available across habitats present. We then examine the influence of resource diversity and provenance on the functional diversities of native and exotic avian communities in New Zealand. Invasive species are increasingly prevalent and considered a global threat to ecosystem function, but the characteristics of and interactions between sympatric native and exotic communities remain unresolved. Understanding their comparative responses to environmental change and the mechanisms underpinning them is of growing importance in predicting community dynamics and changing ecosystem function. We use (i) matrices of resource use (species) and resource availability (habitats) and (ii) occurrence data for 62 native and 25 exotic species and 19 native and 13 exotic habitats in 2015 10 × 10 km quadrats to examine the relationship between native and exotic avian and landscape functional diversity. The numbers of species in, and functional diversities of, native and exotic communities were positively related. Each community displayed evidence of environmental filtering, but it was significantly stronger for exotic species. Less environmental filtering occurred in landscapes providing a more diverse combination of resources, with resource provenance also an influential factor. Landscape functional diversity explained a greater proportion of variance in native and exotic community characteristics than the number of habitat types present. Resource diversity and provenance should be explicitly accounted for when characterizing landscape structure and change as they offer additional mechanistic understanding of the links between environmental filtering and community structure. Manipulating resource diversity through the design and implementation of management actions could prove a powerful tool for the delivery of conservation objectives, be they to protect native species, control exotic species, or maintain ecosystem service provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Méndez
- School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | | | - Simon J Butler
- School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK
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12
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Gaynor ML, Ng J, Laport RG. Phylogenetic Structure of Plant Communities: Are Polyploids Distantly Related to Co-occurring Diploids? Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Pearson DE, Ortega YK, Villarreal D, Lekberg Y, Cock MC, Eren Ö, Hierro JL. The fluctuating resource hypothesis explains invasibility, but not exotic advantage following disturbance. Ecology 2018; 99:1296-1305. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dean E. Pearson
- Rocky Mountain Research Station United States Forest Service Missoula Montana 59801 USA
- The University of Montana Missoula Montana 59801 USA
| | - Yvette K. Ortega
- Rocky Mountain Research Station United States Forest Service Missoula Montana 59801 USA
| | - Diego Villarreal
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN) UNLPam 6300 Santa Rosa La Pampa Argentina
| | - Ylva Lekberg
- The University of Montana Missoula Montana 59801 USA
- MPG Ranch Florence Montana 59833 USA
| | - Marina C. Cock
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas‐Universidad Nacional de La Pampa [INCITAP (CONICET‐UNLPam)] 6300 Santa Rosa La Pampa Argentina
| | - Özkan Eren
- Biyoloji Bölümü Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Aydın 09100 Turkey
| | - José L. Hierro
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas‐Universidad Nacional de La Pampa [INCITAP (CONICET‐UNLPam)] 6300 Santa Rosa La Pampa Argentina
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Abstract
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) emphasises the role of biodiversity in delivering benefits essential for all people and, as a result, seeks to safeguard all life-forms. The indices that are used to measure progress towards international conservation and sustainability goals, however, focus solely on the ‘native’ component of biodiversity. A subset of non-native species can cause undesirable economic, social, or biological effects. But non-native species also contribute to regional biodiversity (species richness and biotic interactions) and ecosystem services. In some regions and cities, non-native species make up more than half of all species. Currently, the contributions of these species to biodiversity and ecosystem services are overlooked. Here, I argue that biodiversity and sustainability indices should include all species. This is not only consistent with definitions of biodiversity but also will promote the idea that long-term, sustainable, human well-being is intricately tied to benefits derived from nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A. Schlaepfer
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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15
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Weed abundance is positively correlated with native plant diversity in grasslands of southern Australia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178681. [PMID: 28570604 PMCID: PMC5453567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Weeds are commonly considered a threat to biodiversity, yet interactions between native and exotic species in grasslands are poorly understood and reported results vary depending on the spatial scale of study, the factors controlled for and the response variables analysed. We tested whether weed presence and abundance is related to declines in biodiversity in Australian grasslands. We employed existing field data from 241 plots along a disturbance gradient and correlated species richness, cover and Shannon diversity for natives and exotics, controlling for seasonal rainfall, climatic gradients and nutrient status. We found no negative relationships in terms of emergent diversity metrics and occupation of space, indeed, many positive relationships were revealed. When split by land-use, differences were found along the disturbance gradient. In high-moderately disturbed grasslands associated with land-uses such as cropping and modified pastures, positive associations were enhanced. Tolerance and facilitation mechanisms may be involved, such as complementary roles through different life history strategies: the exotic flora was dominated mainly by annual grasses and herbs whereas the native flora represented more diverse growth-forms with a higher proportion of perennials. The positive relationships existing between native and exotic plant species in high-moderately disturbed grasslands of South Australia are most likely due to facilitation through different strategies in occupation of space given that the effect of habitat suitability was controlled for by including environmental and disturbance factors. Consequently, although particular weeds may negatively impact biodiversity, this cannot be generalised and management focusing on general weed eradication in grasslands might be ineffectual.
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Nunez-Mir GC, Liebhold AM, Guo Q, Brockerhoff EG, Jo I, Ordonez K, Fei S. Biotic resistance to exotic invasions: its role in forest ecosystems, confounding artifacts, and future directions. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Henriksson A, Yu J, Wardle DA, Trygg J, Englund G. Weighted species richness outperforms species richness as predictor of biotic resistance. Ecology 2016; 97:262-71. [DOI: 10.1890/15-0463.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Henriksson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science; Umeå University; SE-901 87 Umeå Sweden
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics; Umeå University; SE-901 87 Umeå Sweden
| | - David A. Wardle
- Department of Forest Vegetation Ecology; Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences; SE-901 83 Umeå Sweden
| | - Johan Trygg
- Department of Chemistry; Umeå University; SE-901 87 Umeå Sweden
| | - Göran Englund
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science; Umeå University; SE-901 87 Umeå Sweden
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18
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Sun Y, Müller-Schärer H, Maron JL, Schaffner U. Origin matters: diversity affects the performance of alien invasive species but not of native species. Am Nat 2015; 185:725-36. [PMID: 25996858 DOI: 10.1086/681251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
At local scales, it has often been found that invasibility decreases with increasing resident plant diversity. However, whether resident community diversity similarly resists invasion by alien versus native species is seldom studied. We examined this issue by invading constructed native plant assemblages that varied in species and functional richness with invasive alien or native Asteraceae species. Assemblages were also invaded with spotted knapweed, Centaurea stoebe, a native European aster that has been previously used in diversity-invasibility experiments in North America. We also conducted a field survey to explore the generality of the patterns generated from our experimental study. Both experimental and observational work revealed that increasing diversity reduced the performance of alien but not native invaders. Centaurea stoebe invading its native community performed poorly regardless of resident diversity, whereas in a parallel, previously published study conducted in North America, C. stoebe easily invaded low-diversity but not high-diversity assemblages. Our results suggest that diversity is an attribute of resident communities that makes them more or less susceptible to invasion by novel invasive alien but not native plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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19
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Martin LM, Wilsey BJ. Differences in beta diversity between exotic and native grasslands vary with scale along a latitudinal gradient. Ecology 2015; 96:1042-51. [DOI: 10.1890/14-0772.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Martín-Forés I, Sánchez-Jardón L, Acosta-Gallo B, del Pozo A, Castro I, de Miguel JM, Ovalle C, Casado MA. From Spain to Chile: environmental filters and success of herbaceous species in Mediterranean-climate regions. Biol Invasions 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-014-0805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Plant-pollinator mutualisms are disrupted by a variety of competitive interactions between introduced and native floral visitors. The invasive western yellowjacket wasp, Vespula pensylvanica, is an aggressive nectar thief of the dominant endemic Hawaiian tree species, Metrosideros polymorpha. We conducted a large-scale, multiyear manipulative experiment to investigate the impacts of V. pensylvanica on the structure and behavior of the M. polymorpha pollinator community, including competitive mechanisms related to resource availability. Our results demonstrate that V. pensylvanica, through both superior exploitative and interference competition, influences resource partitioning and displaces native and nonnative M. polymorpha pollinators. Furthermore, the restructuring of the pollinator community due to V. pensylvanica competition and predation results in a significant decrease in the overall pollinator effectiveness and fruit set of M. polymorpha. This research highlights both the competitive mechanisms and contrasting effects of social insect invaders on plant-pollinator mutualisms and the role of competition in pollinator community structure.
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Schultz NL, Reid N, Lodge G, Hunter JT. Seasonal and interannual variation in vegetation composition: Implications for survey design and data interpretation. AUSTRAL ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick L. Schultz
- Ecosystem Management, School of Environmental and Rural Science; University of New England; Armidale New South Wales Australia
| | - Nick Reid
- Ecosystem Management, School of Environmental and Rural Science; University of New England; Armidale New South Wales Australia
| | - Greg Lodge
- Department of Primary Industries; Tamworth Agricultural Institute; Calala New South Wales Australia
| | - John T. Hunter
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences; University of New England; Armidale New South Wales Australia
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Whitfeld TJS, Roth AM, Lodge AG, Eisenhauer N, Frelich LE, Reich PB. Resident plant diversity and introduced earthworms have contrasting effects on the success of invasive plants. Biol Invasions 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-014-0657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kueffer C, Pyšek P, Richardson DM. Integrative invasion science: model systems, multi-site studies, focused meta-analysis and invasion syndromes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 200:615-633. [PMID: 23879193 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Invasion science is a very active subdiscipline of ecology. However, some scientists contend that theoretical integration has been limited and that predictive power remains weak. This paper, focusing on plants, proposes a new multi-pronged research strategy that builds on recent advances in invasion science. More intensive studies on particular model organisms and ecosystems are needed to improve our understanding of the full suite of interacting factors that influence invasions ('model system research'). At the same time, comparative studies across many study systems are essential for unravelling the context-dependencies of insights that emerge from particular studies ('multi-site studies'); and quantitative synthesis based on large datasets should be constrained to well-defined theoretical domains ('focused meta-analysis'). We also suggest ways for better integration of information about species biology and ecosystem characteristics ('invasion syndromes'). We expect that a resulting theory of invasions will need to be conceived as a somewhat heterogeneous conglomerate of elements of varying generality and predictive power: laws that apply to well-specified domains, general concepts and theoretical frameworks that can guide thinking in research and management, and in-depth knowledge about the drivers of particular invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kueffer
- Institute of Integrative Biology - Plant Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, CZ-252 43, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Prague, CZ-128 44, Czech Republic
| | - David M Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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25
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Eisenhauer N, Schulz W, Scheu S, Jousset A. Niche dimensionality links biodiversity and invasibility of microbial communities. Funct Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.02060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wiebke Schulz
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology; Georg August University Göttingen; Berliner Str. 28; 37073; Göttingen; Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology; Georg August University Göttingen; Berliner Str. 28; 37073; Göttingen; Germany
| | - Alexandre Jousset
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology; Georg August University Göttingen; Berliner Str. 28; 37073; Göttingen; Germany
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26
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White SR, Tannas S, Bao T, Bennett JA, Bork EW, Cahill JF. Using structural equation modelling to test the passenger, driver and opportunist concepts in aPoa pratensisinvasion. OIKOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Hogg BN, Daane KM. Contrasting landscape effects on species diversity and invasion success within a predator community. DIVERS DISTRIB 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2012.00935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian N. Hogg
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management; University of California; Berkeley; CA; 94720-3114; USA
| | - Kent M. Daane
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management; University of California; Berkeley; CA; 94720-3114; USA
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28
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Richardson PJ, MacDougall AS, Stanley AG, Kaye TN, Dunwiddie PW. Inversion of plant dominance–diversity relationships along a latitudinal stress gradient. Ecology 2012; 93:1431-8. [DOI: 10.1890/11-1290.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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Heard MJ, Sax DF, Bruno JF. Dominance of non-native species increases over time in a historically invaded strandline community. DIVERS DISTRIB 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2012.00918.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Heard
- Environmental Change Initiative; Brown University; Box 1951 Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Dov F. Sax
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Brown University; Box G-W Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - John F. Bruno
- Department of Biology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599-3280 USA
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30
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Mascaro J, Hughes RF, Schnitzer SA. Novel forests maintain ecosystem processes after the decline of native tree species. ECOL MONOGR 2012. [DOI: 10.1890/11-1014.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Seastedt T, Pyšek P. Mechanisms of Plant Invasions of North American and European Grasslands. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2011. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102710-145057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
North American and European grasslands consist of relatively young communities that have evolved under human influences. These communities are uniformly sensitive to top-down controls and exhibit rapid changes in plant composition when the intensity and frequency of these controls are altered. These changes are intensifying due to the suite of global change factors, including the continued presence and introduction of new plant species. Establishment of nonnative plant species into grasslands requires resource opportunities generated by natural and human-induced disturbances and by niche differences of the new species. Persistence and spatial expansion require that the traits of the introduced species be compatible with a new regime of competitors, predators, pathogens, and symbionts. Plant traits of the invaders may then further facilitate the invasion process by preempting resources or by restructuring the soil microbial community and trophic food web in ways that directly or indirectly benefit the invading species.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.R. Seastedt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0334
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
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32
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Jiménez MA, Jaksic FM, Armesto JJ, Gaxiola A, Meserve PL, Kelt DA, Gutiérrez JR. Extreme climatic events change the dynamics and invasibility of semi-arid annual plant communities. Ecol Lett 2011; 14:1227-35. [PMID: 21988736 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extreme climatic events represent disturbances that change the availability of resources. We studied their effects on annual plant assemblages in a semi-arid ecosystem in north-central Chile. We analysed 130 years of precipitation data using generalised extreme-value distribution to determine extreme events, and multivariate techniques to analyse 20 years of plant cover data of 34 native and 11 exotic species. Extreme drought resets the dynamics of the system and renders it susceptible to invasion. On the other hand, by favouring native annuals, moderately wet events change species composition and allow the community to be resilient to extreme drought. The probability of extreme drought has doubled over the last 50 years. Therefore, investigations on the interaction of climate change and biological invasions are relevant to determine the potential for future effects on the dynamics of semi-arid annual plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros A Jiménez
- Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology & Biodiversity (CASEB), Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile.
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33
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Martin CW, Valentine MM, Valentine JF. Competitive interactions between invasive Nile tilapia and native fish: the potential for altered trophic exchange and modification of food webs. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14395. [PMID: 21200433 PMCID: PMC3006172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted both the positive and negative impacts of species invasions. Most of these studies have been conducted on either immobile invasive plants or sessile fauna found at the base of food webs. Fewer studies have examined the impacts of vagile invasive consumers on native competitors. This is an issue of some importance given the controlling influence that consumers have on lower order plants and animals. Here, we present results of laboratory experiments designed to assess the impacts of unintended aquaculture releases of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), in estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico, on the functionally similar redspotted sunfish (Lepomis miniatus). Laboratory choice tests showed that tilapia prefer the same structured habitat that native sunfish prefer. In subsequent interspecific competition experiments, agonistic tilapia displaced sunfish from their preferred structured habitats. When a piscivore (largemouth bass) was present in the tank with both species, the survival of sunfish decreased. Based on these findings, if left unchecked, we predict that the proliferation of tilapia (and perhaps other aggressive aquaculture fishes) will have important detrimental effects on the structure of native food webs in shallow, structured coastal habitats. While it is likely that the impacts of higher trophic level invasive competitors will vary among species, these results show that consequences of unintended releases of invasive higher order consumers can be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Martin
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama, United States of America.
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34
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Leavitt DJ, Leavitt AF, Ritzi CM. Post-Grazing Changes of Vegetation in Big Bend National Park, Texas: A 50-Year Perspective. SOUTHWEST NAT 2010. [DOI: 10.1894/dw-123.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Miles EK, Knops JMH. Shifting dominance from native C4to non-native C3grasses: relationships to community diversity. OIKOS 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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Kreyling J, Beierkuhnlein C, Ellis L, Jentsch A. Invasibility of grassland and heath communities exposed to extreme weather events - additive effects of diversity resistance and fluctuating physical environment. OIKOS 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16653.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Guo Q, Symstad A. A two-part measure of degree of invasion for cross-community comparisons. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2008; 22:666-672. [PMID: 18477032 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Invasibility is a critical feature of ecological communities, especially for management decisions. To date, invasibility has been measured in numerous ways. Although most researchers have used the richness (or number) of exotic species as a direct or indirect measure of community invasibility, others have used alternative measures such as the survival, density, or biomass of either a single or all exotic species. These different measures, even when obtained from the same communities, have produced inconsistent results and have made comparisons among communities difficult. Here, we propose a measure of the degree of invasion (DI) of a community as a surrogate for community invasibility. The measure is expressed as 2 independent components: exotic proportion of total species richness and exotic proportion of total species abundance (biomass or cover). By including richness and abundance, the measure reflects that the factors that control invasibility affect both of these components. Expressing exotic richness and abundance relative to the richness and abundance of all species in a community makes comparisons across communities of different sizes and resource availability possible and illustrates the importance of dominance of exotic species relative to natives, which is a primary management concern associated with exotic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfeng Guo
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie WRC, Jamestown, ND 58401, USA.
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39
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Knight KS, Oleksyn J, Jagodzinski AM, Reich PB, Kasprowicz M. Overstorey tree species regulate colonization by native and exotic plants: a source of positive relationships between understorey diversity and invasibility. DIVERS DISTRIB 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00468.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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40
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Capers RS, Selsky R, Bugbee GJ, White JC. Aquatic plant community invasibility and scale-dependent patterns in native and invasive species richness. Ecology 2008; 88:3135-43. [PMID: 18229847 DOI: 10.1890/06-1911.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Invasive species richness often is negatively correlated with native species richness at the small spatial scale of sampling plots, but positively correlated in larger areas. The pattern at small scales has been interpreted as evidence that native plants can competitively exclude invasive species. Large-scale patterns have been understood to result from environmental heterogeneity, among other causes. We investigated species richness patterns among submerged and floating-leaved aquatic plants (87 native species and eight invasives) in 103 temperate lakes in Connecticut (northeastern USA) and found neither a consistently negative relationship at small (3-m2) scales, nor a positive relationship at large scales. Native species richness at sampling locations was uncorrelated with invasive species richness in 37 of the 60 lakes where invasive plants occurred; richness was negatively correlated in 16 lakes and positively correlated in seven. No correlation between native and invasive species richness was found at larger spatial scales (whole lakes and counties). Increases in richness with area were uncorrelated with abiotic heterogeneity. Logistic regression showed that the probability of occurrence of five invasive species increased in sampling locations (3 m2, n = 2980 samples) where native plants occurred, indicating that native plant species richness provided no resistance against invasion. However, the probability of three invasive species' occurrence declined as native plant density increased, indicating that density, if not species richness, provided some resistance with these species. Density had no effect on occurrence of three other invasive species. Based on these results, native species may resist invasion at small spatial scales only in communities where density is high (i.e., in communities where competition among individuals contributes to community structure). Most hydrophyte communities, however, appear to be maintained in a nonequilibrial condition by stress and/or disturbance. Therefore, most aquatic plant communities in temperate lakes are likely to be vulnerable to invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Capers
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, P.O. Box 1106, 123 Huntington St., New Haven, Connecticut 06504, USA
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41
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Heller NE, Sanders NJ, Shors JW, Gordon DM. Rainfall facilitates the spread, and time alters the impact, of the invasive Argentine ant. Oecologia 2007; 155:385-95. [PMID: 18004595 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-007-0911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Climate change may exacerbate invasions by making conditions more favorable to introduced species relative to native species. Here we used data obtained during a long-term biannual survey of the distribution of ant species in a 481-ha preserve in northern California to assess the influence of interannual variation in rainfall on the spread of invasive Argentine ants, Linepithema humile, and the displacement of native ant species. Since the survey began in 1993, Argentine ants have expanded their range into 74 new hectares. Many invaded hectares were later abandoned, so the range of Argentine ants increased in some years and decreased in others. Rainfall predicted both range expansion and interannual changes in the distribution of Argentine ants: high rainfall, particularly in summer months, promoted their spread in the summer. This suggests that an increase in rainfall will promote a wider distribution of Argentine ants and increase their spread into new areas in California. Surprisingly, the distribution of two native ant species also increased following high rainfall, but only in areas of the preserve that were invaded by L. humile. Rainfall did not have a negative impact on total native ant species richness in invaded areas. Instead, native ant species richness in invaded areas increased significantly over the 13 years of observation. This suggests that the impact of Argentine ants on naïve ant communities may be most severe early in the invasion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Heller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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42
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Tyler AC, Lambrinos JG, Grosholz ED. Nitrogen inputs promote the spread of an invasive marsh grass. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2007; 17:1886-1898. [PMID: 17974329 DOI: 10.1890/06-0822.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Excess nutrient loading and large-scale invasion by nonnatives are two of the most pervasive and damaging threats to the biotic and economic integrity of our estuaries. Individually, these are potent forces, but it is important to consider their interactive impacts as well. In this study we investigated the potential limitation of a nonnative intertidal grass, Spartina alterniflora, by nitrogen (N) in estuaries of the western United States. Nitrogen fertilization experiments were conducted in three mud-flat habitats invaded by S. alterniflora in Willapa Bay, Washington, USA, that differed in sediment N. We carried out parallel experiments in San Francisco Bay, California, USA, in three habitats invaded by hybrid Spartina (S. alterniflora x S. foliosa), in previously unvegetated mud flat, and in native S. foliosa or Salicornia virginica marshes. We found similar aboveground biomass and growth rates between habitats and estuaries, but end-of-season belowground biomass was nearly five times greater in San Francisco Bay than in Willapa Bay. In Willapa Bay, aboveground biomass was significantly correlated with sediment N content. Addition of N significantly increased aboveground biomass, stem density, and the rate of spread into uninvaded habitat (as new stems per day) in virtually all habitats in both estuaries. Belowground biomass increased in Willapa Bay only, suggesting that belowground biomass is not N limited in San Francisco Bay due to species differences, N availability, or a latitudinal difference in the response of Spartina to N additions. The relative impact of added N was greater in Willapa Bay, the estuary with lower N inputs from the watershed, than in San Francisco Bay, a highly eutrophic estuary. Nitrogen fertilization also altered the competitive interaction between hybrid Spartina and Salicornia virginica in San Francisco Bay by increasing the density and biomass of the invader and decreasing the density of the native. There was no significant effect of N on the native, Spartina foliosa. Our results indicate that excess N loading to these ecosystems enhances the vulnerability of intertidal habitats to rapid invasion by nonnative Spartina sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Christina Tyler
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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43
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Barnett DT, Stohlgren TJ, Jarnevich CS, Chong GW, Ericson JA, Davern TR, Simonson SE. The art and science of weed mapping. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2007; 132:235-52. [PMID: 17279456 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-9530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2005] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Land managers need cost-effective and informative tools for non-native plant species management. Many local, state, and federal agencies adopted mapping systems designed to collect comparable data for the early detection and monitoring of non-native species. We compared mapping information to statistically rigorous, plot-based methods to better understand the benefits and compatibility of the two techniques. Mapping non-native species locations provided a species list, associated species distributions, and infested area for subjectively selected survey sites. The value of this information may be compromised by crude estimates of cover and incomplete or biased estimations of species distributions. Incorporating plot-based assessments guided by a stratified-random sample design provided a less biased description of non-native species distributions and increased the comparability of data over time and across regions for the inventory, monitoring, and management of non-native and native plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Barnett
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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44
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Klanderud K, Totland Ø. The relative role of dispersal and local interactions for alpine plant community diversity under simulated climate warming. OIKOS 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2007.15906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Herborg LM, Jerde CL, Lodge DM, Ruiz GM, MacIsaac HJ. Predicting invasion risk using measures of introduction effort and environmental niche models. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2007; 17:663-74. [PMID: 17494387 DOI: 10.1890/06-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is native to east Asia, is established throughout Europe, and is introduced but geographically restricted in North America. We developed and compared two separate environmental niche models using genetic algorithm for rule set prediction (GARP) and mitten crab occurrences in Asia and Europe to predict the species' potential distribution in North America. Since mitten crabs must reproduce in water with >15% per hundred salinity, we limited the potential North American range to freshwater habitats within the highest documented dispersal distance (1260 km) and a more restricted dispersal limit (354 km) from the sea. Applying the higher dispersal distance, both models predicted the lower Great Lakes, most of the eastern seaboard, the Gulf of Mexico and southern extent of the Mississippi River watershed, and the Pacific northwest as suitable environment for mitten crabs, but environmental match for southern states (below 35 degrees N) was much lower for the European model. Use of the lower range with both models reduced the expected range, especially in the Great Lakes, Mississippi drainage, and inland areas of the Pacific Northwest. To estimate the risk of introduction of mitten crabs, the amount of reported ballast water discharge into major United States ports from regions in Asia and Europe with established mitten crab populations was used as an index of introduction effort. Relative risk of invasion was estimated based on a combination of environmental match and volume of unexchanged ballast water received (July 1999-December 2003) for major ports. The ports of Norfolk and Baltimore were most vulnerable to invasion and establishment, making Chesapeake Bay the most likely location to be invaded by mitten crabs in the United States. The next highest risk was predicted for Portland, Oregon. Interestingly, the port of Los Angeles/Long Beach, which has a large shipping volume, had a low risk of invasion. Ports such as Jacksonville, Florida, had a medium risk owing to small shipping volume but high environmental match. This study illustrates that the combination of environmental niche- and vector-based models can provide managers with more precise estimates of invasion risk than can either of these approaches alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif-Matthias Herborg
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada.
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46
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Fridley JD, Stachowicz JJ, Naeem S, Sax DF, Seabloom EW, Smith MD, Stohlgren TJ, Tilman D, Von Holle B. THE INVASION PARADOX: RECONCILING PATTERN AND PROCESS IN SPECIES INVASIONS. Ecology 2007; 88:3-17. [PMID: 17489447 DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2007)88[3:tiprpa]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The invasion paradox describes the co-occurrence of independent lines of support for both a negative and a positive relationship between native biodiversity and the invasions of exotic species. The paradox leaves the implications of native-exotic species richness relationships open to debate: Are rich native communities more or less susceptible to invasion by exotic species? We reviewed the considerable observational, experimental, and theoretical evidence describing the paradox and sought generalizations concerning where and why the paradox occurs, its implications for community ecology and assembly processes, and its relevance for restoration, management, and policy associated with species invasions. The crux of the paradox concerns positive associations between native and exotic species richness at broad spatial scales, and negative associations at fine scales, especially in experiments in which diversity was directly manipulated. We identified eight processes that can generate either negative or positive native-exotic richness relationships, but none can generate both. As all eight processes have been shown to be important in some systems, a simple general theory of the paradox, and thus of the relationship between diversity and invasibility, is probably unrealistic. Nonetheless, we outline several key issues that help resolve the paradox, discuss the difficult juxtaposition of experimental and observational data (which often ask subtly different questions), and identify important themes for additional study. We conclude that natively rich ecosystems are likely to be hotspots for exotic species, but that reduction of local species richness can further accelerate the invasion of these and other vulnerable habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Fridley
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280, USA.
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47
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Fridley JD, Stachowicz JJ, Naeem S, Sax DF, Seabloom EW, Smith MD, Stohlgren TJ, Tilman D, Holle BV. THE INVASION PARADOX: RECONCILING PATTERN AND PROCESS IN SPECIES INVASIONS. Ecology 2007. [DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2007)88%5b3:tiprpa%5d2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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48
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Guo Q, Shaffer T, Buhl T. Community maturity, species saturation and the variant diversity?productivity relationships in grasslands. Ecol Lett 2006; 9:1284-92. [PMID: 17118002 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Detailed knowledge of the relationship between plant diversity and productivity is critical for advancing our understanding of ecosystem functioning and for achieving success in habitat restoration efforts. However, effects and interactions of diversity, succession and biotic invasions on productivity remain elusive. We studied newly established communities in relation to preexisting homogeneous vegetation invaded by exotic plants in the northern Great Plains, USA, at four study sites for 3 years. We observed variant diversity-productivity relationships for the seeded communities (generally positive monotonic at three sites and non-monotonic at the other site) but no relationships for the resident community or the seeded and resident communities combined at all sites and all years. Community richness was enhanced by seeding additional species but productivity was not. The optimal diversity (as indicated by maximum productivity) changed among sites and as the community developed. The findings shed new light on ecosystem functioning of biodiversity under different conditions and have important implications for restoration.
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Dzialowski AR, Lennon JT, Smith VH. Food web structure provides biotic resistance against plankton invasion attempts. Biol Invasions 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-006-9030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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