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Medina-Espinoza EF, Juen L, Calvão LB, Arellano Cruz G. Variations in the Odonata Assemblages: How Do the Dry Season and Water Bodies Influence Them? NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:630-640. [PMID: 38656590 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Diverse abiotic and biotic factors drive the ecological variation of communities across spatial and temporal dimensions. Within the Amazonian landscape, various freshwater environments exhibit distinct physicochemical characteristics. Thus, our study delved into the fluctuations of Odonata assemblages amidst distinct water bodies within Amazonia, encompassing two distinct climatic seasons. Comparative analysis was conducted on Odonata species diversity and assemblage composition across a blackwater pond, a lake, and a stream, spanning the initiation and culmination of the dry season in the southwestern Amazon region in Peru. Our methodology involved capturing adult Odonata using entomological nets on three separate occasions between 11:00 and 14:00 h for each water body in May (beginning of the dry season) and October (end of the dry season) of 2018. We also evaluated the influence of temperature, precipitation, and percent cloud cover on the abundance and richness of adult Odonata. Species richness and composition differed among the three water bodies in both periods of the dry season. No effect of the dry season periods on species richness and abundance was observed. However, except in the oxbow lake, the more abundant species were substituted to the end of the dry season. Our study highlights the influence of water body types on Odonata species diversity and composition. The effects of the sampling period during the dry season may not be immediately apparent in conventional diversity metrics, such as species richness and abundance. Instead, its effects manifest predominantly in the relative abundance of the species that compose these assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmy Fiorella Medina-Espinoza
- Depto de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Univ Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Lima, Peru.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Zoologia, Univ Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
- Lab de Ecologia E Conservação (LABECO), Univ Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Juen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Zoologia, Univ Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Lab de Ecologia E Conservação (LABECO), Univ Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Lenize Batista Calvão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Zoologia, Univ Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Lab de Ecologia E Conservação (LABECO), Univ Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Germán Arellano Cruz
- Lab de Ecología de Artrópodos (LEA), Univ Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Lima, Perú
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Meng Y, Li SP, Wang S, Meiners SJ, Jiang L. Scale-dependent changes in ecosystem temporal stability over six decades of succession. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi1279. [PMID: 37801504 PMCID: PMC10558118 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
A widely assumed, but largely untested, tenet in ecology is that ecosystem stability tends to increase over succession. We rigorously test this idea using 60-year continuous data of old field succession across 480 plots nested within 10 fields. We found that ecosystem temporal stability increased over succession at the larger field scale (γ stability) but not at the local plot scale (α stability). Increased spatial asynchrony among plots within fields increased γ stability, while temporal increases in species stability and decreases in species asynchrony offset each other, resulting in no increase in α stability at the local scale. Furthermore, we found a notable positive diversity-stability relationship at the larger but not local scale, with the increased γ stability at the larger scale associated with increasing functional diversity later in succession. Our results emphasize the importance of spatial scale in assessing ecosystem stability over time and how it relates to biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Meng
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shao-peng Li
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Scott J. Meiners
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, 61920, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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3
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Zhao Q, Van den Brink PJ, Xu C, Wang S, Clark AT, Karakoç C, Sugihara G, Widdicombe CE, Atkinson A, Matsuzaki SIS, Shinohara R, He S, Wang YXG, De Laender F. Relationships of temperature and biodiversity with stability of natural aquatic food webs. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3507. [PMID: 37316479 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature and biodiversity changes occur in concert, but their joint effects on ecological stability of natural food webs are unknown. Here, we assess these relationships in 19 planktonic food webs. We estimate stability as structural stability (using the volume contraction rate) and temporal stability (using the temporal variation of species abundances). Warmer temperatures were associated with lower structural and temporal stability, while biodiversity had no consistent effects on either stability property. While species richness was associated with lower structural stability and higher temporal stability, Simpson diversity was associated with higher temporal stability. The responses of structural stability were linked to disproportionate contributions from two trophic groups (predators and consumers), while the responses of temporal stability were linked both to synchrony of all species within the food web and distinctive contributions from three trophic groups (predators, consumers, and producers). Our results suggest that, in natural ecosystems, warmer temperatures can erode ecosystem stability, while biodiversity changes may not have consistent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhao
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
- Institute of Complex Systems (naXys), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
- Institute of Life, Earth and the Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Adam T Clark
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Canan Karakoç
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - George Sugihara
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Angus Atkinson
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL13DH, UK
| | | | | | - Shuiqing He
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yingying X G Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Frederik De Laender
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Institute of Complex Systems (naXys), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Institute of Life, Earth and the Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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4
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Tian W, Zhang H, Wang Z, Tian Y, Huang T. Analysis on the stability of plankton in a food web with empirical organism body mass distribution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:21327-21343. [PMID: 36269477 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism supporting the stability of complex food webs is an important, yet still controversial issue in ecology. Integrating the bioenergetic model with a natural plankton food web with empirical organism body mass distribution, we studied the effects of taxa diversity, nutrient enrichment simulation and connectance on the stability of plankton, and the underlying mechanisms. The behavior and functions of plankton with different body masses in the system were also explored. The results showed that genus richness promoted the temporal stability of community but reduced that of population. Meanwhile, the effects of taxon extinction on community biomass and temporal stability depended on the body masses of those lost taxa. Enrichment decreased phytoplankton and zooplankton community stability directly by increasing the temporal variability of biomass and indirectly by reducing taxa diversity. Enrichment preferentially caused phytoplankton taxa with the highest individual biomass to go extinct and the ones with smaller to increase in biomass. The effects, as well as the underlying mechanisms of connectance on phytoplankton and zooplankton stability were different. High connectance promoted the persistence and biomasses of both zooplankton and small-bodied phytoplankton but reduced those of larger-bodied phytoplankton. The results and methodology in this research will be helpful in understanding and analyzing the stability of plankton communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Tian
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayong Zhang
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglan Tian
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Tousheng Huang
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
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5
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Xu Q, Yang X, Song J, Ru J, Xia J, Wang S, Wan S, Jiang L. Nitrogen enrichment alters multiple dimensions of grassland functional stability via changing compositional stability. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2713-2725. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianna Xu
- School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Xian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Ru
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding P. R. China
| | - Jianyang Xia
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Shiqiang Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding P. R. China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA
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6
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Zooplankton Population and Community Structure Changes in Response to a Harmful Algal Bloom Caused by Prorocentrum donghaiense in the East China Sea. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense have had adverse impacts on marine ecosystems. However, ecological details, particularly the impacts and processes of the P. donghaiense bloom on the zooplankton community structure are poorly known. We investigated the changes of zooplankton communities in situ within the whole process of a P. donghaiense bloom in the coastal waters in southern Zhejiang Province, China, in May 2016. Results showed that ecological changes during the blooms of P. donghaiense could be divided into three major phases, namely the growth, maintenance, and dissipation phases with regard to the cell abundance of P. donghaiense by bottle sampling of plankton. A total of 42 species of zooplankton were identified. The average abundance and species number of zooplankton in the growth phase were significantly higher than those in the maintenance and dissipation phases. It is shown that the top-two highest proportions of zooplankton in the growth phase were small jellyfishes and copepods, while small jellyfishes and chaetognaths, and copepoda larvae and chaetognaths were the top-two highest in the maintenance and dissipation phases respectively. However, the values of biodiversity index have no statistically significant differences between the three phases. The present results suggested that P. donghaiense bloom produced significant negative impacts on the abundance and species composition of zooplankton with particular reference to copepods.
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7
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Juvigny-Khenafou NPD, Piggott JJ, Atkinson D, Zhang Y, Wu N, Matthaei CD. Fine sediment and flow velocity impact bacterial community and functional profile more than nutrient enrichment. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02212. [PMID: 32754996 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems face many simultaneous pressures due to human activities. Consequently, there has been a rapid loss of freshwater biodiversity and an increase in biomonitoring programs. Our study assessed the potential of benthic stream bacterial communities as indicators of multiple-stressor impacts associated with urbanization and agricultural intensification. We conducted a fully crossed four-factor experiment in 64 flow-through mesocosms fed by a pristine montane stream (21 d of colonization, 21 d of manipulations) and investigated the effects of nutrient enrichment, flow-velocity reduction and added fine sediment after 2 and 3 weeks of stressor exposure. We used high-throughput sequencing and metabarcoding techniques (16S rRNA genes), as well as curated biological databases (METAGENassit, MetaCyc), to identify changes in bacterial relative abundances and predicted metabolic functional profile. Sediment addition and flow-velocity reduction were the most pervasive stressors. They both increased α-diversity and had strong taxon-specific effects on community composition and predicted functions. Sediment and flow velocity also interacted frequently, with 88% of all bacterial response variables showing two-way interactions and 33% showing three-way interactions including nutrient enrichment. Changes in relative abundances of common taxa were associated with shifts in dominant predicted functions, which can be extrapolated to underlaying stream-wide mechanisms such as carbon use and bacterial energy production pathways. Observed changes were largely stable over time and occurred after just 2 weeks of exposure, demonstrating that bacterial communities can be well-suited for early detection of multiple stressors. Overall, added sediment and reduced flow velocity impacted both bacterial community structure and predicted function more than nutrient enrichment. In future research and stream management, a holistic approach to studying multiple-stressor impacts should include multiple trophic levels with their functional responses, to enhance our mechanistic understanding of complex stressor effects and promote establishment of more efficient biomonitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noël P D Juvigny-Khenafou
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
- Department of Health and Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jeremy J Piggott
- Trinity Centre for the Environment & Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David Atkinson
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Naicheng Wu
- Department of Health and Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Christoph D Matthaei
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
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8
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Long-Term Enclosure Can Benefit Grassland Community Stability on the Loess Plateau of China. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su13010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization and grazing are two common anthropogenic disturbances that can lead to unprecedented changes in biodiversity and ecological stability of grassland ecosystems. A few studies, however, have explored the effects of fertilization and grazing on community stability and the underlying mechanisms. We conducted a six-year field experiment to assess the influence of nitrogen (N) fertilization and grazing on the community stability in a long-term enclosure and grazing grassland ecosystems on the Loess Plateau. A structural equation modeling method was used to evaluate how fertilization and grazing altered community stability. Our results indicated that the community stability decreased in the enclosure and grazing grassland ecosystems with the addition of N. The community stability began to decline significantly at 4.68 and 9.36 N g m−2 year−1 for the grazing and enclosure grassland ecosystems, respectively. We also found that the addition of N reduced the community stability through decreasing species richness, but a long-term enclosure can alleviate its negative effect. Overall, species diversity can be a useful predictor of the stability of ecosystems confronted with disturbances. Also, our results showed that long-term enclosure was an effective grassland management practice to ensure community stability on the Loess Plateau of China.
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9
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Chang CW, Ye H, Miki T, Deyle ER, Souissi S, Anneville O, Adrian R, Chiang YR, Ichise S, Kumagai M, Matsuzaki SIS, Shiah FK, Wu JT, Hsieh CH, Sugihara G. Long-term warming destabilizes aquatic ecosystems through weakening biodiversity-mediated causal networks. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:6413-6423. [PMID: 32869344 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how ecosystems will respond to climate changes requires unravelling the network of functional responses and feedbacks among biodiversity, physicochemical environments, and productivity. These ecosystem components not only change over time but also interact with each other. Therefore, investigation of individual relationships may give limited insights into their interdependencies and limit ability to predict future ecosystem states. We address this problem by analyzing long-term (16-39 years) time series data from 10 aquatic ecosystems and using convergent cross mapping (CCM) to quantify the causal networks linking phytoplankton species richness, biomass, and physicochemical factors. We determined that individual quantities (e.g., total species richness or nutrients) were not significant predictors of ecosystem stability (quantified as long-term fluctuation of phytoplankton biomass); rather, the integrated causal pathway in the ecosystem network, composed of the interactions among species richness, nutrient cycling, and phytoplankton biomass, was the best predictor of stability. Furthermore, systems that experienced stronger warming over time had both weakened causal interactions and larger fluctuations. Thus, rather than thinking in terms of separate factors, a more holistic network view, that causally links species richness and the other ecosystem components, is required to understand and predict climate impacts on the temporal stability of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Chang
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao Ye
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Takeshi Miki
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ethan R Deyle
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sami Souissi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte D'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire D'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Lille, France
| | - Orlane Anneville
- French Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CARRTEL, Thonon les Bains, France
| | - Rita Adrian
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, IGB, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yin-Ru Chiang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Michio Kumagai
- Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute, Otsu, Japan
- Lake Biwa Sigma Research Center, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro S Matsuzaki
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Fuh-Kwo Shiah
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Tzong Wu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Hsieh
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - George Sugihara
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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10
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Common Species Stability and Species Asynchrony Rather than Richness Determine Ecosystem Stability Under Nitrogen Enrichment. Ecosystems 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Lamy T, Koenigs C, Holbrook SJ, Miller RJ, Stier AC, Reed DC. Foundation species promote community stability by increasing diversity in a giant kelp forest. Ecology 2020; 101:e02987. [PMID: 31960414 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Foundation species structure communities, promote biodiversity, and stabilize ecosystem processes by creating locally stable environmental conditions. Despite their critical importance, the role of foundation species in stabilizing natural communities has seldom been quantified. In theory, the stability of a foundation species should promote community stability by enhancing species richness, altering the population fluctuations of individual species, or both. Here we tested the hypothesis that the stability of a marine foundation species, the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera, increased the stability of the aggregate biomass of a phylogenetically diverse assemblage of understory algae and sessile invertebrates that compete for space beneath the giant kelp canopy. To achieve this goal, we analyzed an 18-yr time series of the biomass of giant kelp and its associated benthic community collected from 32 plots distributed among nine shallow reefs in the Santa Barbara Channel, USA. We showed that the stability of understory algae and sessile invertebrates was positively and indirectly related to the stability of giant kelp, which primarily resulted from giant kelp's direct positive association with species richness. The stability of all community types was positively related to species richness via increased species stability and species asynchrony. The stabilizing effects of richness were three to four times stronger when algae and invertebrates were considered separately rather than in combination. Our finding that diversity-stability relationships were stronger in communities consisting of species with similar resource requirements suggests that competition for shared resources rather than differential responses to environmental conditions played a more important role in stabilizing the community. Increasing threats to structure-forming foundation species worldwide necessitates a detailed understanding of how they influence their associated community. This study is among the first to show that dampened temporal fluctuations in the biomass of a foundation species is an important determinant of the stability of the complex communities it supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lamy
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Craig Koenigs
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Sally J Holbrook
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Robert J Miller
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Adrian C Stier
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Daniel C Reed
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
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12
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Chai ZY, Wang H, Deng Y, Hu Z, Zhong Tang Y. Harmful algal blooms significantly reduce the resource use efficiency in a coastal plankton community. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135381. [PMID: 31810673 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been investigated for their catastrophic effects on public health and aquaculture intensively, but the research about HABs effects on the diversity patterns and intrinsic functions of the plankton community based on a species identification with high resolution and accuracy has been scarce. We therefore investigated the shifts of plankton diversity via pyrosequencing during and around a natural dinoflagellate (Prorocentrum donghaiense) bloom and analyzed the effect of P. donghaiense abundance on the operationally-defined resource use efficiency (RUE) of plankton community to test our hypothesis that outbreaks of HABs will reduce RUE of the plankton community via shifting the plankton community structure, species composition in particular. We found that the species diversity of eukaryotic plankton community was significantly decreased during the bloom, as reflected in OTU (operational taxonomic unit) richness, and Pielou's evenness index. Principal coordinates analysis indicated significant difference in plankton community structure between blooming and non-blooming periods. As hypothesized, the species richness was positively correlated to RUE (defined as the ratio of phytoplankton biomass to total phosphorus), and more importantly, the cell density of P. donghaiense exhibited significant negative correlation with RUE. Our results explicitly demonstrated HABs reduce RUE via reducing species richness (corresponding to a less occupancy of the trophic niches), which supports the previously documented notion that niche partitioning enhances RUE (a key ecosystem function). Also, our work provides striking evidence for the relationship between plankton species richness (or diversity) and community function (resource use efficiency) via studying on HABs, a natural but exceptional phenomenon, in addition to revealing a profound consequence of HABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunyan Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhangxi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ying Zhong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Song MH, Zong N, Jiang J, Shi PL, Zhang XZ, Gao JQ, Zhou HK, Li YK, Loreau M. Nutrient-induced shifts of dominant species reduce ecosystem stability via increases in species synchrony and population variability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:441-449. [PMID: 31351288 PMCID: PMC6698194 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying nutrient-induced diversity-stability relationships have been examined extensively. However, the effects of nutrient-induced shifts of dominant species on ecosystem stability have rarely been evaluated. We compiled a dataset from a long-term nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) enrichment experiment conducted in an alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau to test the effects of nutrient-induced shifts of dominant species on stability. Our results show that N enrichment increased synchrony among the dominant species, which contributed to a significant increase in synchrony of the whole community. Meanwhile, N-induced shifts in dominant species composition significantly increased population variability. Increases in species synchrony and population variability resulted in a decline in ecosystem stability. Our study has important implications for progress in understanding the role of plant functional compensation in the stability of ecosystem functions, which is critical for better understanding the mechanisms driving both community assembly and ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Song
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A11, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; Key laboratory of restoration ecology of cold area in Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 59 Xiguan Dajie, Xining 810008, China
| | - Ning Zong
- Lhasa National Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A11, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Nanjing Agricultural Institute of Jiangsu Hilly Region, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Pei-Li Shi
- Lhasa National Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A11, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xian-Zhou Zhang
- Lhasa National Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A11, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun-Qin Gao
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road 35, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hua-Kun Zhou
- Key laboratory of restoration ecology of cold area in Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 59 Xiguan Dajie, Xining 810008, China
| | - Yi-Kang Li
- Key laboratory of restoration ecology of cold area in Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 59 Xiguan Dajie, Xining 810008, China
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis 09200, France
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14
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Brown BL, Downing AL, Leibold MA. Compensatory dynamics stabilize aggregate community properties in response to multiple types of perturbations. Ecology 2018; 97:2021-2033. [PMID: 27859207 DOI: 10.1890/15-1951.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Compensatory dynamics are an important suite of mechanisms that can stabilize community and ecosystem attributes in systems subject to environmental fluctuations. However, few experimental investigations of compensatory dynamics have addressed these mechanisms in systems of real-world complexity, and existing evidence relies heavily on correlative analyses, retrospective examination, and experiments in simple systems. We investigated the potential for compensatory dynamics to stabilize plankton communities in plankton mesocosm systems of real-world complexity. We employed four types of perturbations including two types of nutrient pulses, shading, and acidification. To quantify how communities responded to these perturbations, we used a measure of community-wide synchrony combined with spectral analysis that allowed us to assess timescale-specific community dynamics, for example, whether dynamics were synchronous at some timescales but compensatory at others. The 150-d experiment produced 32-point time series of all zooplankton taxa in the mesocosms. We then used those time series to evaluate total zooplankton biomass as an aggregate property and to evaluate community dynamics. For three of our four perturbation types, total zooplankton biomass was significantly less variable in systems with environmental variation than in constant environments. For the same three perturbation types, community-wide synchrony was much lower in fluctuating environments than in the constant environment, particularly at longer timescales (periods ≈ 60 d). Additionally, there were strong negative correlations between population temporal variances and the level of community-wide synchrony. Taken together, these results strongly imply that compensatory interactions between species stabilized total biomass in response to perturbations. Diversity did not differ significantly across either treatments or perturbation types, thus ruling out several classes of mechanisms driven by changes in diversity. We also used several pieces of secondary evidence to evaluate the particular mechanism behind compensatory responses since a wide variety of mechanisms are hypothesized to produce compensatory dynamics. We concluded that fluctuation dependent endogenous cycles that occur as a consequence of consumer-resource interactions in competitive communities were the most likely explanation for the compensatory dynamics observed in our experiment. As with our previous work, scale-dependent dynamics were also a key to understanding compensatory dynamics in these experimental communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan L Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Amy L Downing
- Department of Zoology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio, 43015, USA
| | - Mathew A Leibold
- Integrative Biology, University of Texas, 1 University Station C0930, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
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15
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Delsol R, Loreau M, Haegeman B. The relationship between the spatial scaling of biodiversity and ecosystem stability. GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY : A JOURNAL OF MACROECOLOGY 2018; 27:439-449. [PMID: 29651225 PMCID: PMC5892714 DOI: 10.1111/geb.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM Ecosystem stability and its link with biodiversity have mainly been studied at the local scale. Here we present a simple theoretical model to address the joint dependence of diversity and stability on spatial scale, from local to continental. METHODS The notion of stability we use is based on the temporal variability of an ecosystem-level property, such as primary productivity. In this way, our model integrates the well-known species-area relationship (SAR) with a recent proposal to quantify the spatial scaling of stability, called the invariability-area relationship (IAR). RESULTS We show that the link between the two relationships strongly depends on whether the temporal fluctuations of the ecosystem property of interest are more correlated within than between species. If fluctuations are correlated within species but not between them, then the IAR is strongly constrained by the SAR. If instead individual fluctuations are only correlated by spatial proximity, then the IAR is unrelated to the SAR. We apply these two correlation assumptions to explore the effects of species loss and habitat destruction on stability, and find a rich variety of multi-scale spatial dependencies, with marked differences between the two assumptions. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The dependence of ecosystem stability on biodiversity across spatial scales is governed by the spatial decay of correlations within and between species. Our work provides a point of reference for mechanistic models and data analyses. More generally, it illustrates the relevance of macroecology for ecosystem functioning and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Delsol
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, France
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, France
| | - Bart Haegeman
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, France
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16
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Valone TJ, Balaban-Feld J. Impact of exotic invasion on the temporal stability of natural annual plant communities. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Li W, Stevens MHH. Community temporal variability increases with fluctuating resource availability. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45280. [PMID: 28345592 PMCID: PMC5366892 DOI: 10.1038/srep45280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in the quantity of available resources is known to affect temporal variability of aggregate community properties. However, it is unclear how might fluctuations in resource availability alter community-level temporal variability. Here we conduct a microcosm experiment with laboratory protist community subjected to manipulated resource pulses that vary in intensity, duration and time of supply, and examine the impact of fluctuating resource availability on temporal variability of the recipient community. The results showed that the temporal variation of total protist abundance increased with the magnitude of resource pulses, as protist community receiving infrequent resource pulses (i.e., high-magnitude nutrients per pulse) was relatively more unstable than community receiving multiple resource pulses (i.e., low-magnitude nutrients per pulse), although the same total amounts of nutrients were added to each community. Meanwhile, the timing effect of fluctuating resources did not significantly alter community temporal variability. Further analysis showed that fluctuating resource availability increased community temporal variability by increasing the degree of community-wide species synchrony and decreasing the stabilizing effects of dominant species. Hence, the importance of fluctuating resource availability in influencing community stability and the regulatory mechanisms merit more attention, especially when global ecosystems are experiencing high rates of anthropogenic nutrient inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
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18
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Yang Z, Zhang Q, Su F, Zhang C, Pu Z, Xia J, Wan S, Jiang L. Daytime warming lowers community temporal stability by reducing the abundance of dominant, stable species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:154-163. [PMID: 27275848 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Daytime warming and nighttime warming have the potential to influence plant community structure and ecosystem functions. However, their impacts on ecological stability remain largely unexplored. We conducted an eight-year field experiment to compare the effects of daytime and nighttime warming on the temporal stability of a temperate steppe in northern China. Our results showed that the cover and stability of dominant species, stability of subordinate species, and compensatory dynamics among species strongly influenced community-level stability. However, daytime, but not nighttime, warming significantly reduced community temporal stability mainly through the reduction in the abundance of dominant, stable species. These findings demonstrate the differential effects of daytime and nighttime warming on community stability and emphasize the importance of understanding the changes of dominant species for accurately predicting community dynamics under climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Fanglong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Zhichao Pu
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jianyang Xia
- Research Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Shiqiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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19
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Baert JM, De Laender F, Sabbe K, Janssen CR. Biodiversity increases functional and compositional resistance, but decreases resilience in phytoplankton communities. Ecology 2016; 97:3433-3440. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan M. Baert
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Applied Ecology; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Frederik De Laender
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology; University of Namur; Rue de Bruxelles 61 Namur 5000 Belgium
| | - Koen Sabbe
- Laboratory of Protistology & Aquatic Ecology; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281-S8 Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Colin R. Janssen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Applied Ecology; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 Ghent 9000 Belgium
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20
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Song MH, Yu FH. Reduced compensatory effects explain the nitrogen-mediated reduction in stability of an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 207:70-77. [PMID: 25684547 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Many ecosystems are facing strong perturbations such as nitrogen (N) fertilization, which can greatly alter ecosystem stability via different mechanisms. Understanding such mechanisms is critical for predicting how ecosystems will function in the face of global changes. We examined how 8 yr of N fertilization with different N rates (no N addition or N addition at a low, medium or high rate) and different forms of N (ammonium, nitrate or ammonium nitrate) affected the temporal stability of the aboveground biomass of an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau, and tested four mechanisms (diversity effect, mean-variance scaling, compensatory dynamics and dominance effect) that may alter stability. Compared with the control (no N addition), a high N rate did not affect the diversity effect, the mean-variance scaling or the dominance effect, but significantly decreased compensatory dynamics among species and functional groups, which contributed to the reduction in community stability of the alpine meadow. The form of N did not affect any of the four mechanisms and thus did not affect community stability. A high N rate can change community stability by altering compensatory dynamics, whereas the form of N may not have an effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Song
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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21
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Metatranscriptome analyses indicate resource partitioning between diatoms in the field. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E2182-90. [PMID: 25870299 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1421993112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse communities of marine phytoplankton carry out half of global primary production. The vast diversity of the phytoplankton has long perplexed ecologists because these organisms coexist in an isotropic environment while competing for the same basic resources (e.g., inorganic nutrients). Differential niche partitioning of resources is one hypothesis to explain this "paradox of the plankton," but it is difficult to quantify and track variation in phytoplankton metabolism in situ. Here, we use quantitative metatranscriptome analyses to examine pathways of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) metabolism in diatoms that cooccur regularly in an estuary on the east coast of the United States (Narragansett Bay). Expression of known N and P metabolic pathways varied between diatoms, indicating apparent differences in resource utilization capacity that may prevent direct competition. Nutrient amendment incubations skewed N/P ratios, elucidating nutrient-responsive patterns of expression and facilitating a quantitative comparison between diatoms. The resource-responsive (RR) gene sets deviated in composition from the metabolic profile of the organism, being enriched in genes associated with N and P metabolism. Expression of the RR gene set varied over time and differed significantly between diatoms, resulting in opposite transcriptional responses to the same environment. Apparent differences in metabolic capacity and the expression of that capacity in the environment suggest that diatom-specific resource partitioning was occurring in Narragansett Bay. This high-resolution approach highlights the molecular underpinnings of diatom resource utilization and how cooccurring diatoms adjust their cellular physiology to partition their niche space.
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22
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23
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Tilman D, Isbell F, Cowles JM. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 937] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Tilman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108; , ,
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108; , ,
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Jane M. Cowles
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108; , ,
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24
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Vasseur DA, Fox JW, Gonzalez A, Adrian R, Beisner BE, Helmus MR, Johnson C, Kratina P, Kremer C, de Mazancourt C, Miller E, Nelson WA, Paterson M, Rusak JA, Shurin JB, Steiner CF. Synchronous dynamics of zooplankton competitors prevail in temperate lake ecosystems. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20140633. [PMID: 24966312 PMCID: PMC4083788 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although competing species are expected to exhibit compensatory dynamics (negative temporal covariation), empirical work has demonstrated that competitive communities often exhibit synchronous dynamics (positive temporal covariation). This has led to the suggestion that environmental forcing dominates species dynamics; however, synchronous and compensatory dynamics may appear at different length scales and/or at different times, making it challenging to identify their relative importance. We compiled 58 long-term datasets of zooplankton abundance in north-temperate and sub-tropical lakes and used wavelet analysis to quantify general patterns in the times and scales at which synchronous/compensatory dynamics dominated zooplankton communities in different regions and across the entire dataset. Synchronous dynamics were far more prevalent at all scales and times and were ubiquitous at the annual scale. Although we found compensatory dynamics in approximately 14% of all combinations of time period/scale/lake, there were no consistent scales or time periods during which compensatory dynamics were apparent across different regions. Our results suggest that the processes driving compensatory dynamics may be local in their extent, while those generating synchronous dynamics operate at much larger scales. This highlights an important gap in our understanding of the interaction between environmental and biotic forces that structure communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Vasseur
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jeremy W Fox
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rita Adrian
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatrix E Beisner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Matthew R Helmus
- Department of Animal Ecology, Amsterdam Global Change Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
| | - Catherine Johnson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada B2Y 4A2
| | - Pavel Kratina
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Colin Kremer
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Claire de Mazancourt
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique à Moulis, Moulis 09200, France
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - William A Nelson
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Michael Paterson
- IISD-Experimental Lakes Area, 161 Portage Ave East 6th Floor, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3B 0Y4
| | - James A Rusak
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Dorset Environmental Science Centre, Dorset, Ontario, Canada P0A 1E0
| | - Jonathan B Shurin
- Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0116, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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25
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Hallett LM, Hsu JS, Cleland EE, Collins SL, Dickson TL, Farrer EC, Gherardi LA, Gross KL, Hobbs RJ, Turnbull L, Suding KN. Biotic mechanisms of community stability shift along a precipitation gradient. Ecology 2014; 95:1693-700. [PMID: 25039233 DOI: 10.1890/13-0895.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how biotic mechanisms confer stability in variable environments is a fundamental quest in ecology, and one that is becoming increasingly urgent with global change. Several mechanisms, notably a portfolio effect associated with species richness, compensatory dynamics generated by negative species covariance and selection for stable dominant species populations can increase the stability of the overall community. While the importance of these mechanisms is debated, few studies have contrasted their importance in an environmental context. We analyzed nine long-term data sets of grassland species composition to investigate how two key environmental factors, precipitation amount and variability, may directly influence community stability and how they may indirectly influence stability via biotic mechanisms. We found that the importance of stability mechanisms varied along the environmental gradient: strong negative species covariance occurred in sites characterized by high precipitation variability, whereas portfolio effects increased in sites with high mean annual precipitation. Instead of questioning whether compensatory dynamics are important in nature, our findings suggest that debate should widen to include several stability mechanisms and how these mechanisms vary in importance across environmental gradients.
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26
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Downing AL, Brown BL, Leibold MA. Multiple diversity–stability mechanisms enhance population and community stability in aquatic food webs. Ecology 2014; 95:173-84. [DOI: 10.1890/12-1406.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Gross K, Cardinale BJ, Fox JW, Gonzalez A, Loreau M, Wayne Polley H, Reich PB, van Ruijven J. Species Richness and the Temporal Stability of Biomass Production: A New Analysis of Recent Biodiversity Experiments. Am Nat 2014; 183:1-12. [DOI: 10.1086/673915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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28
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Hauzy C, Nadin G, Canard E, Gounand I, Mouquet N, Ebenman B. Confronting the paradox of enrichment to the metacommunity perspective. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82969. [PMID: 24358242 PMCID: PMC3865114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Resource enrichment can potentially destabilize predator-prey dynamics. This phenomenon historically referred as the "paradox of enrichment" has mostly been explored in spatially homogenous environments. However, many predator-prey communities exchange organisms within spatially heterogeneous networks called metacommunities. This heterogeneity can result from uneven distribution of resources among communities and thus can lead to the spreading of local enrichment within metacommunities. Here, we adapted the original Rosenzweig-MacArthur predator-prey model, built to study the paradox of enrichment, to investigate the effect of regional enrichment and of its spatial distribution on predator-prey dynamics in metacommunities. We found that the potential for destabilization was depending on the connectivity among communities and the spatial distribution of enrichment. In one hand, we found that at low dispersal regional enrichment led to the destabilization of predator-prey dynamics. This destabilizing effect was more pronounced when the enrichment was uneven among communities. In the other hand, we found that high dispersal could stabilize the predator-prey dynamics when the enrichment was spatially heterogeneous. Our results illustrate that the destabilizing effect of enrichment can be dampened when the spatial scale of resource enrichment is lower than that of organismss movements (heterogeneous enrichment). From a conservation perspective, our results illustrate that spatial heterogeneity could decrease the regional extinction risk of species involved in specialized trophic interactions. From the perspective of biological control, our results show that the heterogeneous distribution of pest resource could favor or dampen outbreaks of pests and of their natural enemies, depending on the spatial scale of heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Hauzy
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR7625 - Ecologie et Evolution, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC2031 - Ecologie des Populations et Communautés, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Grégoire Nadin
- CNRS, UMR7598 - Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions, Paris, France
| | - Elsa Canard
- Institut des Sciences de l′Evolution, Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Gounand
- Institut des Sciences de l′Evolution, Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Mouquet
- Institut des Sciences de l′Evolution, Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Bo Ebenman
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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29
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Venail PA, Alexandrou MA, Oakley TH, Cardinale BJ. Shared ancestry influences community stability by altering competitive interactions: evidence from a laboratory microcosm experiment using freshwater green algae. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20131548. [PMID: 23945692 PMCID: PMC3757983 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of biodiversity on the stability of ecological communities has been debated among biologists for more than a century. Recently summarized empirical evidence suggests that biodiversity tends to enhance the temporal stability of community-level properties such as biomass; however, the underlying mechanisms driving this relationship remain poorly understood. Here, we report the results of a microcosm study in which we used simplified systems of freshwater microalgae to explore how the phylogenetic relatedness of species influences the temporal stability of community biomass by altering the nature of their competitive interactions. We show that combinations of two species that are more evolutionarily divergent tend to have lower temporal stability of biomass. In part, this is due to negative 'selection effects' in which bicultures composed of distantly related species are more likely to contain strong competitors that achieve low biomass. In addition, bicultures of distantly related species had on average weaker competitive interactions, which reduced compensatory dynamics and decreased the stability of community biomass. Our results demonstrate that evolutionary history plays a key role in controlling the mechanisms, which give rise to diversity-stability relationships. As such, patterns of shared ancestry may help us predict the ecosystem-level consequences of biodiversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Venail
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1041, USA.
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30
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Effects of anthropogenic disturbance on richness-dependent stability in Napahai plateau wetland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Donohue I, Petchey OL, Montoya JM, Jackson AL, McNally L, Viana M, Healy K, Lurgi M, O'Connor NE, Emmerson MC. On the dimensionality of ecological stability. Ecol Lett 2013; 16:421-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Donohue
- School of Natural Sciences; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
| | - Owen L. Petchey
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - José M. Montoya
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar; Agencia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Barcelona Spain
| | - Andrew L. Jackson
- School of Natural Sciences; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
| | - Luke McNally
- School of Natural Sciences; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
| | - Mafalda Viana
- School of Natural Sciences; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
| | - Kevin Healy
- School of Natural Sciences; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
| | - Miguel Lurgi
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar; Agencia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Barcelona Spain
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Spain
| | - Nessa E. O'Connor
- School of Biological Sciences; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast UK
| | - Mark C. Emmerson
- School of Biological Sciences; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast UK
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Thibaut LM, Connolly SR. Understanding diversity-stability relationships: towards a unified model of portfolio effects. Ecol Lett 2012; 16:140-50. [PMID: 23095077 PMCID: PMC3588152 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A major ecosystem effect of biodiversity is to stabilise assemblages that perform particular functions. However, diversity-stability relationships (DSRs) are analysed using a variety of different population and community properties, most of which are adopted from theory that makes several restrictive assumptions that are unlikely to be reflected in nature. Here, we construct a simple synthesis and generalisation of previous theory for the DSR. We show that community stability is a product of two quantities: the synchrony of population fluctuations, and an average species-level population stability that is weighted by relative abundance. Weighted average population stability can be decomposed to consider effects of the mean-variance scaling of abundance, changes in mean abundance with diversity and differences in species' mean abundance in monoculture. Our framework makes explicit how unevenness in the abundances of species in real communities influences the DSR, which occurs both through effects on community synchrony, and effects on weighted average population variability. This theory provides a more robust framework for analysing the results of empirical studies of the DSR, and facilitates the integration of findings from real and model communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc M Thibaut
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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33
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Steiner CF, Klausmeier CA, Litchman E. Transient dynamics and the destabilizing effects of prey heterogeneity. Ecology 2012; 93:632-44. [DOI: 10.1890/10-2320.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Narwani A, Mazumder A. Bottom-up effects of species diversity on the functioning and stability of food webs. J Anim Ecol 2012; 81:701-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01949.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Deng H. A review of diversity-stability relationship of soil microbial community: what do we not know? J Environ Sci (China) 2012; 24:1027-1035. [PMID: 23505870 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(11)60846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The impact of decreased biodiversity on ecosystem stability, or the diversity-stability (D-S) relationship, is one of the major concerns of modern ecological studies. Studies on the D-S relationship for soil microbial communities began in 2000 when the fumigation method was developed to generate different levels of soil microbial biodiversity. The studies used various measures and levels of biodiversity, and covered several functional parameters. Due to the lack of general concepts and reliable approaches to define microbial species, studies on the D-S relationship of soil microbial communities concentrate on genetic diversity and functional diversity more than species diversity. Contradictory results were observed in various studies on D-S relationship with possible factors affecting or even changing the directions of the D-S relationship including: (1) the methods of stability measurement, (2) the techniques in microbial diversity measurement, (3) the measures and levels of diversity, (4) the type and strength of disturbance, (5) the traits of functions, and (6) the hidden treatments stemming from diversity manipulation. We argue that future studies should take diversity, species composition and interaction, and soil environmental conditions holistically into account in D-S studies to develop modeling to predict soil functional stability. We also suggest that studies should be carried out on a wider range of disturbance types and functional parameters, and efforts be shifted towards long-term field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Deng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Steiner CF, Stockwell RD, Kalaimani V, Aqel Z. Dispersal Promotes Compensatory Dynamics and Stability in Forced Metacommunities. Am Nat 2011; 178:159-70. [DOI: 10.1086/660835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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References. COMMUNITY ECOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9781444341966.refs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Campbell V, Murphy G, Romanuk TN. Experimental design and the outcome and interpretation of diversity-stability relations. OIKOS 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hector A, Hautier Y, Saner P, Wacker L, Bagchi R, Joshi J, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Spehn EM, Bazeley-White E, Weilenmann M, Caldeira MC, Dimitrakopoulos PG, Finn JA, Huss-Danell K, Jumpponen A, Mulder CPH, Palmborg C, Pereira JS, Siamantziouras ASD, Terry AC, Troumbis AY, Schmid B, Loreau M. General stabilizing effects of plant diversity on grassland productivity through population asynchrony and overyielding. Ecology 2010; 91:2213-20. [PMID: 20836442 DOI: 10.1890/09-1162.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Insurance effects of biodiversity can stabilize the functioning of multispecies ecosystems against environmental variability when differential species' responses lead to asynchronous population dynamics. When responses are not perfectly positively correlated, declines in some populations are compensated by increases in others, smoothing variability in ecosystem productivity. This variance reduction effect of biodiversity is analogous to the risk-spreading benefits of diverse investment portfolios in financial markets. We use data from the BIODEPTH network of grassland biodiversity experiments to perform a general test for stabilizing effects of plant diversity on the temporal variability of individual species, functional groups, and aggregate communities. We tested three potential mechanisms: reduction of temporal variability through population asynchrony; enhancement of long-term average performance through positive selection effects; and increases in the temporal mean due to overyielding. Our results support a stabilizing effect of diversity on the temporal variability of grassland aboveground annual net primary production through two mechanisms. Two-species communities with greater population asynchrony were more stable in their average production over time due to compensatory fluctuations. Overyielding also stabilized productivity by increasing levels of average biomass production relative to temporal variability. However, there was no evidence for a performance-enhancing effect on the temporal mean through positive selection effects. In combination with previous work, our results suggest that stabilizing effects of diversity on community productivity through population asynchrony and overyielding appear to be general in grassland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hector
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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40
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Grman E, Lau JA, Schoolmaster DR, Gross KL. Mechanisms contributing to stability in ecosystem function depend on the environmental context. Ecol Lett 2010; 13:1400-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Fox JW. Partitioning the effects of species loss on community variability using multi-level selection theory. OIKOS 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Li W, Stevens MHH. How enrichment, ecosystem size, and their effects on species richness co-determine the stability of microcosm communities. OIKOS 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Loreau M. Linking biodiversity and ecosystems: towards a unifying ecological theory. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2010; 365:49-60. [PMID: 20008385 PMCID: PMC2842700 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Community ecology and ecosystem ecology provide two perspectives on complex ecological systems that have largely complementary strengths and weaknesses. Merging the two perspectives is necessary both to ensure continued scientific progress and to provide society with the scientific means to face growing environmental challenges. Recent research on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has contributed to this goal in several ways. By addressing a new question of high relevance for both science and society, by challenging existing paradigms, by tightly linking theory and experiments, by building scientific consensus beyond differences in opinion, by integrating fragmented disciplines and research fields, by connecting itself to other disciplines and management issues, it has helped transform ecology not only in content, but also in form. Creating a genuine evolutionary ecosystem ecology that links the evolution of species traits at the individual level, the dynamics of species interactions, and the overall functioning of ecosystems would give new impetus to this much-needed process of unification across ecological disciplines. Recent community evolution models are a promising step in that direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Loreau
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Gonzalez A, Loreau M. The Causes and Consequences of Compensatory Dynamics in Ecological Communities. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2009. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1B1, Canada; ,
| | - Michel Loreau
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1B1, Canada; ,
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45
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Leary DJ, Petchey OL. Testing a biological mechanism of the insurance hypothesis in experimental aquatic communities. J Anim Ecol 2009; 78:1143-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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46
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Boyer KE, Kertesz JS, Bruno JF. Biodiversity effects on productivity and stability of marine macroalgal communities: the role of environmental context. OIKOS 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17252.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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48
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Jiang L, Joshi H, Patel S. Predation Alters Relationships between Biodiversity and Temporal Stability. Am Nat 2009; 173:389-99. [DOI: 10.1086/596540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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49
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Downing AL, Brown BL, Perrin EM, Keitt TH, Leibold MA. ENVIRONMENTAL FLUCTUATIONS INDUCE SCALE‐DEPENDENT COMPENSATION AND INCREASE STABILITY IN PLANKTON ECOSYSTEMS. Ecology 2008; 89:3204-3214. [DOI: 10.1890/07-1652.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Downing
- Department of Zoology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio 43015 USA
| | - Bryan L. Brown
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634 USA
| | | | - Timothy H. Keitt
- Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, 1 University Station C0930, Austin, Texas 78712 USA
| | - Mathew A. Leibold
- Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, 1 University Station C0930, Austin, Texas 78712 USA
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Mougi A, Nishimura K. Enrichment can damp population cycles: a balance of inflexible and flexible interactions. OIKOS 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.16688.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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