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Ravaglioli C, De Marchi L, Giannessi J, Pretti C, Bulleri F. Seagrass meadows as ocean acidification refugia for sea urchin larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167465. [PMID: 37778543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Foundation species have been widely documented to provide suitable habitats for other species by ameliorating stressful environmental conditions. Nonetheless, their role in rescuing stress-sensitive species from adverse conditions due to climate change remains often unexplored. Here, we performed a mesocosm experiment to assess whether the seagrass, Posidonia oceanica, through its photosynthetic activity, could mitigate the negative effects of ocean acidification on larval development and growth of the calcifying sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus. Sea urchin larvae at early and late developmental stages that are generally associated to benthic habitats, were grown in aquaria with or without P. oceanica plants, under ambient or low pH conditions predicted by the end of the century under the worst climate scenario (RCP8.5). The percentage of abnormal larvae and their total body length under different experimental conditions were assessed on early- (i.e., pluteus; 72 h post-fertilization) and final-developmental stages (i.e., echinopluteus; 30 days post-fertilization), respectively. The presence of P. oceanica increased mean daily pH values of ∼0.1 and ∼0.15 units at ambient and low pH conditions, respectively, compared with tanks without plants. When grown at low pH in association with P. oceanica, plutei showed a ∼23 % reduction of malformations and echinoplutei a ∼34 % increase in total body length, respectively, compared with larvae developing in tanks without plants. Our results suggest that P. oceanica, by increasing pH and altering seawater carbonate chemistry through its metabolic activity, could buffer the negative effects of ocean acidification on calcifying organisms and could, thus, represent a tool against climate-driven loss of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ravaglioli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, CoNISMa, via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - L De Marchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università of Pisa, Via Livornese (lato monte) - 56122 San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy.
| | - J Giannessi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università of Pisa, Via Livornese (lato monte) - 56122 San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy.
| | - C Pretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università of Pisa, Via Livornese (lato monte) - 56122 San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy; Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci" (CIBM), Viale N.Sauro 4, 57128 Livorno, Italy.
| | - F Bulleri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, CoNISMa, via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Centro interdipartimentale di Ricerca per lo Studio degli Effetti del Cambiamento Climatico (CIRSEC), Università di Pisa, Italy.
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2
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Gonzalez SV, Dafforn KA, Gribben PE, O'Connor WA, Johnston EL. Organic enrichment reduces sediment bacterial and archaeal diversity, composition, and functional profile independent of bioturbator activity. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115608. [PMID: 37797537 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication is a worldwide issue that can disrupt ecosystem processes in sediments. Studies have shown that macrofauna influences sediment processes by engineering environments that constrain microbial communities. Here, we explored the effect of different sizes of the Sydney cockle (Anadara trapezia), on bacterial and archaeal communities in natural and experimentally enriched sediments. A mesocosm experiment was conducted with two enrichment conditions (natural or enriched) and 5 cockle treatments (small, medium, large, mixed sizes and a control). This study was unable to detect A. trapezia effects on microbial communities irrespective of body size. However, a substantial decrease of bacterial richness, diversity, and structural and functional shifts, were seen with organic enrichment of sediments. Archaea were similarly changed although the magnitude of effect was less than for bacteria. Overall, we found evidence to suggest that A. trapezia had limited capacity to affect sediment microbial communities and mitigate the effects of organic enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vadillo Gonzalez
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW 2088, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Katherine A Dafforn
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW 2088, Sydney, Australia; School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul E Gribben
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW 2088, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, 2052 Sydney, Australia; Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wayne A O'Connor
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries NSW, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW 2316, Australia
| | - Emma L Johnston
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW 2088, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, 2052 Sydney, Australia
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3
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Byers JE, Blaze JA, Dodd AC, Hall HL, Gribben PE. Exotic asphyxiation: interactions between invasive species and hypoxia. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:150-167. [PMID: 36097368 PMCID: PMC10087183 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-indigenous species (NIS) and hypoxia (<2 mg O2 l-1 ) can disturb and restructure aquatic communities. Both are heavily influenced by human activities and are intensifying with global change. As these disturbances increase, understanding how they interact to affect native species and systems is essential. To expose patterns, outcomes, and generalizations, we thoroughly reviewed the biological invasion literature and compiled 100 studies that examine the interaction of hypoxia and NIS. We found that 64% of studies showed that NIS are tolerant of hypoxia, and 62% showed that NIS perform better than native species under hypoxia. Only one-quarter of studies examined NIS as creators of hypoxia; thus, NIS are more often considered passengers associated with hypoxia, rather than drivers of it. Paradoxically, the NIS that most commonly create hypoxia are primary producers. Taxa like molluscs are typically more hypoxia tolerant than mobile taxa like fish and crustaceans. Most studies examine individual-level or localized responses to hypoxia; however, the most extensive impacts occur when hypoxia associated with NIS affects communities and ecosystems. We discuss how these influences of hypoxia at higher levels of organization better inform net outcomes of the biological invasion process, i.e. establishment, spread, and impact, and are thus most useful to management. Our review identifies wide variation in the way in which the interaction between hypoxia and NIS is studied in the literature, and suggests ways to address the number of variables that affect their interaction and refine insight gleaned from future studies. We also identify a clear need for resource management to consider the interactive effects of these two global stressors which are almost exclusively managed independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Byers
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Julie A Blaze
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Alannah C Dodd
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Hannah L Hall
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Paul E Gribben
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Rm 4115, Building E26, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, New South Wales, 2088, Australia
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4
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Li X, Yuan S, Li L, Zhang H, Jin Y, Liu L, Zhang R, Bu F, Sun S, Fu H, Wu X. Influence of grazing on the activity pattern and temporal niche of two dominant rodent species in Alxa desert. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1105729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Grazing by large herbivores can potentially affect interspecific interactions between small herbivores by reducing the ecological fitness of animals. Desert rodents are important components in desert ecosystems and indicators of environmental change. Grazing reduces food resources, but rodents can decrease interspecific niche overlap by adaptive behavior. However, the key factors driving rodent behavioral activities and coexistence in the Alxa desert remains unstudied. We monitored population density and behavioral activities of Midday gerbil (Meriones meridianus) and northern three-toed jerboa (Dipus sagitta) in a grazing exclusion experiment in Alxa desert, Inner Mongolia, China, in 2017. We assessed the relationship between environmental factors (such as plant height, density, coverage, rainfall and temperature) and the behavioral activities of two coexisting rodent species. The results showed that: (1) In summer, grazing significantly reduced the activity time of gerbil and jerboa compared to that in grazing exclusion areas (gerbil: F = 5.98, p < 0.05, η2 = 0.22; jerboa: F = 8.57, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.28). Grazing reduced the temporal niche overlap with an obvious shifting of activity peaks between two species. (2) Grazing exclusion enhanced the temporal niche overlap between the two rodent species due to greater food availability which relieved inter-specific competition in each season. (3) Grazing strengthened the sensitivity of rodents to environmental changes in all seasons. These results indicated that grazing affected competition between the rodent species by altering vegetation conditions, which in turn affected the temporal niche and activity patterns of rodents.
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Vadillo Gonzalez S, Johnston EL, Dafforn KA, O'Connor WA, Gribben PE. Body size affects lethal and sublethal responses to organic enrichment: Evidence of associational susceptibility for an infaunal bivalve. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 169:105391. [PMID: 34217096 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication is an increasing problem worldwide and can disrupt ecosystem processes in which macrobenthic bioturbators play an essential role. This study explores how intraspecific variation in body size affects the survival, mobility and impact on sediment organic matter breakdown in enriched sediments of an infaunal bivalve. A mesocosm experiment was conducted in which monocultures and all size combinations of three body sizes (small, medium and large) of the Sydney cockle, Anadara trapezia, were exposed to natural or organically enriched sediments. Results demonstrate that larger body sizes have higher tolerance to enriched conditions and can reduce survival of smaller cockles when grown together. Also, large A. trapezia influenced sediment organic matter breakdown although a direct link to bioturbation activity was not clear. Overall, this study found that intraspecific variation in body size influences survival and performance of bioturbators in eutrophic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vadillo Gonzalez
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, 2033, Sydney, Australia; Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Emma L Johnston
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, 2033, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katherine A Dafforn
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Sydney, Australia; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wayne A O'Connor
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW, 2316, Australia
| | - Paul E Gribben
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, 2033, Sydney, Australia; Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Sydney, Australia
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6
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Wang D, Nkurunziza V, Barber NA, Zhu H, Wang J. Introduced ecological engineers drive behavioral changes of grasshoppers, consequently linking to its abundance in two grassland plant communities. Oecologia 2021; 195:1007-1018. [PMID: 33625579 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduced ecosystem engineers are expected to have extensive ecological impacts on a broad range of resident biota by altering the physical-chemical structure of ecosystems. Livestock that are potentially important introduced ecosystem engineers in grassland systems could create and/or modify habitats for native plant-dwelling insects. Yet, there is little knowledge of how insects respond to engineering effects of introduced livestock. To bridge this gap, we tested how domestic sheep affects the behavior and abundance of a native grasshopper Euchorthippus unicolor at both low (11.8 ± 0.4 plant species per plot) and high (19.8 ± 0.5 plant species per plot) diversity sites. Results found grasshoppers shifted their resting and feeding locations from the upper to the intermediate or low layers of vegetation, and fed on more plants species following livestock engineering effects. In the low plant diversity habitats, grazing caused grasshoppers to increase switching frequency, spend more time searching for host plants, and reduce time spent feeding, but had opposite effects on all the three behaviors in the high-diversity habitats. Moreover, grazing engineering effects on behavioral changes of grasshoppers were potentially related to their abundance. Overall, this study highlights native insect species' behavior and abundance in responses to introduced ecological engineers, and suggests that ecosystem engineers of non-native species have strong and important impacts extending beyond their often most obvious and frequently documented direct ecological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science/School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Venuste Nkurunziza
- Institute of Grassland Science/School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Nicholas A Barber
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Hui Zhu
- Institute of Grassland Science/School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China.
| | - Jingting Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science/School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
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7
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Introduced marine ecosystem engineer indirectly affects parasitism in native mussel hosts. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Indirect effect of the invasive exotic fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi (Dutch elm disease) on ants. COMMUNITY ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42974-020-00023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Wilson MW, Ridlon AD, Gaynor KM, Gaines SD, Stier AC, Halpern BS. Ecological impacts of human-induced animal behaviour change. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1522-1536. [PMID: 32705769 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of literature has documented myriad effects of human activities on animal behaviour, yet the ultimate ecological consequences of these behavioural shifts remain largely uninvestigated. While it is understood that, in the absence of humans, variation in animal behaviour can have cascading effects on species interactions, community structure and ecosystem function, we know little about whether the type or magnitude of human-induced behavioural shifts translate into detectable ecological change. Here we synthesise empirical literature and theory to create a novel framework for examining the range of behaviourally mediated pathways through which human activities may affect different ecosystem functions. We highlight the few empirical studies that show the potential realisation of some of these pathways, but also identify numerous factors that can dampen or prevent ultimate ecosystem consequences. Without a deeper understanding of these pathways, we risk wasting valuable resources on mitigating behavioural effects with little ecological relevance, or conversely mismanaging situations in which behavioural effects do drive ecosystem change. The framework presented here can be used to anticipate the nature and likelihood of ecological outcomes and prioritise management among widespread human-induced behavioural shifts, while also suggesting key priorities for future research linking humans, animal behaviour and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret W Wilson
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - April D Ridlon
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93101, USA
| | - Kaitlyn M Gaynor
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93101, USA
| | - Steven D Gaines
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Adrian C Stier
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Benjamin S Halpern
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93101, USA
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Lanham BS, Poore AGB, Gribben PE. Facilitation cascades create a predation refuge for biodiversity in a novel connected habitat. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan S. Lanham
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Alistair G. B. Poore
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Paul E. Gribben
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science 19 Chowder Bay Road Mosman New South Wales 2088 Australia
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11
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Harvey JA, Gols R, Smith B, Ode PJ. Invasive moth facilitates use of a native food plant by other native and invasive arthropods. Ecol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Harvey
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Section Animal Ecology VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Rieta Gols
- Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Brittany Smith
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management/Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Paul J. Ode
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management/Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
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12
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Tumolo BB, Albertson LK, Cross WF, Daniels MD, Sklar LS. Occupied and abandoned structures from ecosystem engineering differentially facilitate stream community colonization. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B. Tumolo
- Department of Ecology Montana State University P.O. Box 173460 Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Lindsey K. Albertson
- Department of Ecology Montana State University P.O. Box 173460 Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Wyatt F. Cross
- Department of Ecology Montana State University P.O. Box 173460 Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Melinda D. Daniels
- Stroud Water Research Center 970 Spencer Road Avondale Pennsylvania 19311 USA
| | - Leonard S. Sklar
- Department of Geography, Planning and Environment Concordia University 1455 De Maisonneuve Boulevard West Montreal Quebec Canada
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13
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Abstract
Invertebrate diversity can be a key driver of ecosystem functioning, yet understanding what factors influence local biodiversity remains uncertain. In many marine and terrestrial systems, facilitation cascades where primary foundation and/or autogenic ecosystem engineering species promote the settlement and survival of a secondary foundation/engineering species have been shown to enhance local biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. We experimentally tested if a facilitation cascade occurs among eelgrass (Zostera marina), pen clams (Atrina rigida), and community diversity in temperate seagrass beds in North Carolina, U.S.A., and if this sequence of direct positive interactions created feedbacks that affected various metrics of seagrass ecosystem function and structure. Using a combination of surveys and transplant experiments, we found that pen clam density and survivorship was significantly greater in seagrass beds, indicating that eelgrass facilitates pen clams. Pen clams in turn enhanced local diversity and increased both the abundance and species richness of organisms (specifically, macroalgae and fouling invertebrate fauna)—the effect of which scaled with increasing clam density. However, we failed to detect an impact of pen clams on other seagrass functions and hypothesize that functioning may more likely be enhanced in scenarios where secondary foundation species specifically increase the diversity of key functional groups such as epiphyte grazers and/or when bivalves are infaunal rather than epifaunal. Our findings add to the growing amount of literature that demonstrates that secondary foundation species are important drivers of local biodiversity in marine ecosystems. Further experimentation is needed that directly examines (i) the role of functional versus overall diversity on seagrass functions and (ii) the relative importance of life-history strategy in determining when and where engineering bivalves increase biodiversity and/or functioning of seagrass beds.
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14
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Algal Epibionts as Co-Engineers in Mussel Beds: Effects on Abiotic Conditions and Mobile Interstitial Invertebrates. DIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mussels and macroalgae have long been recognized as physical ecosystem engineers that modulate abiotic conditions and resources and affect the composition of rocky shore assemblages. Their spatial distributions in the intertidal zone frequently overlap, as many algal species thrive as epibionts on mussel beds. Nonetheless, their potential for combined engineering effects has not been addressed to date. Here we illustrate that Porphyra sp.—a desiccation-resistant macroalga that develops mostly epiphytically onto mussel beds—affects temperature, desiccation levels, and mobile interstitial invertebrates in mussel beds. Specifically, we observed that Porphyra cover (a) reduced temperature at the surface of the mussel bed but not at their base, (b) reduced desiccation both at the surface and base of the mussel bed and, (c) increased the densities of an abundant interstitial species—the amphipod Hyale grandicornis—in several study sites/dates. Additionally, we found that the positive responses of these grazing amphipods to Porphyra were driven by physical habitat modification (engineering) rather than food availability. This suggests that co-engineering by Porphyra and mussels generates abiotic states and focal species responses that would not be predictable from their individual effects. We expect that increased appreciation of co-engineering aids our understanding of complex ecological dynamics.
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15
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Albertson LK, Sklar LS, Cooper SD, Cardinale BJ. Aquatic macroinvertebrates stabilize gravel bed sediment: A test using silk net-spinning caddisflies in semi-natural river channels. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209087. [PMID: 30601831 PMCID: PMC6314585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms can have large effects on the physical properties of the habitats where they live. For example, measurements in laboratory stream microcosms have shown that the presence of silk net-spinning insect larvae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) can increase the shear force required to initiate movement of riverbed sediments. Few studies, however, have moved beyond laboratory settings to quantify the engineering impacts of aquatic insects under more complex field conditions. To bridge the gap between small-scale laboratory experiments and natural stream ecosystems, we conducted experiments in large (50 m2) outdoor river channels where net-spinning aquatic insects were manipulated in sediment patches that were 5 to 25 times larger than in previous studies. We tested whether larvae of two caddisfly species (Arctopsyche californica and Ceratopsyche oslari) influenced the stability of gravel during simulated floods when alone in monoculture and together in polyculture. On average, populations of caddisflies increased the critical shear stress required to initiate sediment movement by 20% compared to treatments without caddisflies. Per capita effects of caddisflies on sediment stability were similar between previous laboratory studies and this field experiment, and Arctopsyche had a larger per capita effect than Ceratopsyche, perhaps because of its larger size and stronger silk. Contrary to prior laboratory flume results, the effects of the two species on critical shear stress when together were similar to the additive expectation of both species when alone, but effects of the two species together were higher than the additive expectation when we accounted for density. Comparisons of total population and per capita effects suggest that caddisfly density, identity, and coexisting species likely have effects on the magnitude of caddisfly impacts on critical shear stress. Our findings imply that consideration of both the abundances and traits of ecosystem engineers is needed to describe and model their effects on sediment mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey K. Albertson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Leonard S. Sklar
- Department of Earth and Climate Sciences, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Geography, Planning and Environment, Concordia University, De Maisonneuve Blvd. W. Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Scott D. Cooper
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
| | - Bradley J. Cardinale
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Cooperative Institute of Great Lakes Research (CIGLR), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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16
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Navarro-Barranco C, Florido M, Ros M, González-Romero P, Guerra-García JM. Impoverished mobile epifaunal assemblages associated with the invasive macroalga Asparagopsis taxiformis in the Mediterranean Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 141:44-52. [PMID: 30093236 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing concern about the ecosystem consequences of altering macroalgal assemblages. Many macrophytes are foundation species in coastal habitats, supporting much of the biodiversity of these ecosystems by providing essential resources such as food and habitat. The addition of invasive species strongly contributes to habitat modification, but the bottom-up impacts of non-native macroalgae on higher trophic levels remains difficult to predict. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the invasive macroalga Asparagopsis taxiformis on biodiversity by comparing the mobile macrofauna inhabiting this species to the dominant native species Halopteris scoparia. This is the first comprehensive study of the possible effects of this widespread invasive species on higher trophic levels. A hierarchical sampling design with two different spatial scales was conducted to explore the consistency of the patterns observed. Fifty-nine species belonging to superorder Peracarida were found, accounting 90% of all organisms. A. taxiformis hosted an impoverished epifaunal assemblage in comparison to that associated with the native seaweed, showing significantly lower values of diversity, abundance and number of epifaunal species across study locations. The structure of the associated macrofauna (both in terms of species composition, variability among samples and relative abundance of the species) was also different. Our results highlighted the strong influence of A. taxiformis in the resident community, with differences among the two macroalgae in all the parameters considered. Finally, our results also reflect a biotic homogenization of the epifaunal assemblages associated to A. taxiformis, a scarcely explored consequence of invasive processes in marine environments. Future studies exploring the cascading effects of the observed changes in the epifaunal assemblages would be necessary in order to estimate system responses to macroalgal invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Navarro-Barranco
- Departamento de Biología (Zoología), Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Dpto. Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda Reina Mercedes 6, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Marta Florido
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Dpto. Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda Reina Mercedes 6, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Macarena Ros
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Dpto. Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda Reina Mercedes 6, 41012, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Biología, CASEM, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Romero
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Dpto. Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda Reina Mercedes 6, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Manuel Guerra-García
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Dpto. Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda Reina Mercedes 6, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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Gribben PE, Kimbro DL, Vergés A, Gouhier TC, Burrell S, Garthwin RG, Cagigas ML, Tordoff Y, Poore AGB. Positive and negative interactions control a facilitation cascade. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Gribben
- Centre for Marine Bio‐Innovation School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science 19 Chowder Bay Road Mosman New South Wales 2088 Australia
| | - David L. Kimbro
- Northeastern University Marine Science Centre 430 Nahant Road Nahant Massachusetts 01908 USA
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Bio‐Innovation School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science 19 Chowder Bay Road Mosman New South Wales 2088 Australia
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Tarik C. Gouhier
- Northeastern University Marine Science Centre 430 Nahant Road Nahant Massachusetts 01908 USA
| | - Samuel Burrell
- Northeastern University Marine Science Centre 430 Nahant Road Nahant Massachusetts 01908 USA
| | - Ruby G. Garthwin
- Centre for Marine Bio‐Innovation School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
- Northeastern University Marine Science Centre 430 Nahant Road Nahant Massachusetts 01908 USA
| | - María Lastra Cagigas
- Centre for Marine Bio‐Innovation School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Yasmin Tordoff
- Centre for Marine Bio‐Innovation School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Alistair G. B. Poore
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science 19 Chowder Bay Road Mosman New South Wales 2088 Australia
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
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Abstract
Ecosystem engineers facilitate communities by providing a structural habitat that reduces abiotic stress or predation pressure for associated species. However, disturbance may damage or move the engineer to a more stressful environment, possibly increasing the importance of facilitation for associated communities. In this study, we determined how disturbance to intertidal boulders (i.e., flipping) and the subsequent movement of a structural ecosystem engineer, the tube-forming serpulid worm Galeolaria caespitosa, from the bottom (natural state, low abiotic stress) to the top (disturbed state, high abiotic stress) surface of boulders influenced the importance of facilitation for intertidal communities across two intertidal zones. Theory predicts stronger relative facilitation should occur in the harsher environments of the top of boulders and the high intertidal zone. To test this prediction, we experimentally positioned boulders with the serpulids either face up or face down for 12 months in low and high zones in an intertidal boulder field. There were very different communities associated with the different boulders and serpulids had the strongest facilitative effects on the more stressful top surface of boulders with approximately double the species richness compared to boulders lacking serpulids. Moreover, within the serpulid matrix itself there was also approximately double the species richness (both zones) and abundance (high zone only) of small invertebrates on the top of boulders compared to the bottom. The high relative facilitation on the top of boulders reflected a large reduction in temperature by the serpulid matrix on that surface (up to 10°C) highlighting a key role for modification of the abiotic environment in determining the community-wide facilitation. This study has demonstrated that disturbance and subsequent movement of an ecosystem engineer to a more stressful environment increased the importance of facilitation and allowed species to persist that would otherwise be unable to survive in that environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Wright
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, 7001, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Paul E Gribben
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, 2088, New South Wales, Australia
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Wang X, Fan M, Hao L. Adaptive evolution of body size subject to indirect effect in trophic cascade system. Biosystems 2017; 159:23-35. [PMID: 28684284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Trophic cascades represent a classic example of indirect effect and are wide-spread in nature. Their ecological impact are well established, but the evolutionary consequences have received even less theoretical attention. We theoretically and numerically investigate the trait (i.e., body size of consumer) evolution in response to indirect effect in a trophic cascade system. By applying the quantitative trait evolutionary theory and the adaptive dynamic theory, we formulate and explore two different types of eco-evolutionary resource-consumer-predator trophic cascade model. First, an eco-evolutionary model incorporating the rapid evolution is formulated to investigate the effect of rapid evolution of the consumer's body size, and to explore the impact of density-mediate indirect effect on the population dynamics and trait dynamics. Next, by employing the adaptive dynamic theory, a long-term evolutionary model of consumer body size is formulated to evaluate the effect of long-term evolution on the population dynamics and the effect of trait-mediate indirect effect. Those models admit rich dynamics that has not been observed yet in empirical studies. It is found that, both in the trait-mediated and density-mediated system, the body size of consumer in predator-consumer-resource interaction (indirect effect) evolves smaller than that in consumer-resource and predator-consumer interaction (direct effect). Moreover, in the density-mediated system, we found that the evolution of consumer body size contributes to avoiding consumer extinction (i.e., evolutionary rescue). The trait-mediate and density-mediate effects may produce opposite evolutionary response. This study suggests that the trophic cascade indirect effect affects consumer evolution, highlights a more comprehensive mechanistic understanding of the intricate interplay between ecological and evolutionary force. The modeling approaches provide avenue for study on indirect effects from an evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130024, PR China; School of Mathematics and Information Science, Anshan Normal University, 43 Pingan Street, Anshan, Liaoning 114007, PR China
| | - Meng Fan
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130024, PR China.
| | - Lina Hao
- School of Basic Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yanan Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
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Cockles, barnacles and ascidians compose a subtidal facilitation cascade with multiple hierarchical levels of foundation species. Sci Rep 2017; 7:237. [PMID: 28331222 PMCID: PMC5427999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Facilitation cascades occur when multiple foundation species in a community are involved in a hierarchy of positive interactions, and consist of a primary facilitator which positively affects secondary facilitators, each supporting a suit of dependent species. There is no theoretical limit to the number of levels in a facilitation cascade, yet the existence of more than two has rarely been examined. We manipulated biogenic substrate produced by a primary facilitator (cockle shells) and a secondary facilitator (barnacles and their empty tests) in a space-limited subtidal community to test the hypothesis that solitary ascidians would be the third-level facilitator. In the field, most ascidians were found on barnacles, and most barnacles occupied cockle shells. To produce this pattern, barnacles could nurse ascidians (a longer 'facilitation chain') or outcompete them from cockle shells (a shorter chain). Experimental results clearly supported the nursing hypothesis providing evidence for a facilitation cascade with three hierarchical levels of foundation species. Our findings confirm that like predation and competition, positive interspecific interactions nest into multi-tier hierarchies with numerous levels. While the number of foundation species should increase community stability and resilience as it increases diversity and reduces environmental stress, facilitation chain length may have the opposite effect.
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21
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Altieri AH, Irving AD. Species coexistence and the superior ability of an invasive species to exploit a facilitation cascade habitat. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2848. [PMID: 28243523 PMCID: PMC5322755 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Facilitation cascades generated by co-occurring foundation species can enhance the abundance and diversity of associated organisms. However, it remains poorly understood how differences among native and invasive species in their ability to exploit these positive interactions contribute to emergent patterns of community structure and biotic acceptance. On intertidal shorelines in New England, we examined the patterns of coexistence between the native mud crabs and the invasive Asian shore crab in and out of a facilitation cascade habitat generated by mid intertidal cordgrass and ribbed mussels. These crab species co-occurred in low intertidal cobbles adjacent to the cordgrass–mussel beds, despite experimental findings that the dominant mud crabs can kill and displace Asian shore crabs and thereby limit their successful recruitment to their shared habitat. A difference between the native and invasive species in their utilization of the facilitation cascade likely contributes to this pattern. Only the Asian shore crabs inhabit the cordgrass–mussel beds, despite experimental evidence that both species can similarly benefit from stress amelioration in the beds. Moreover, only Asian shore crabs settle in the beds, which function as a nursery habitat free of lethal mud crabs, and where their recruitment rates are particularly high (nearly an order of magnitude higher than outside beds). Persistence of invasive adult Asian shore crabs among the dominant native mud crabs in the low cobble zone is likely enhanced by a spillover effect of the facilitation cascade in which recruitment-limited Asian shore crabs settle in the mid intertidal cordgrass–mussel beds and subsidize their vulnerable populations in the adjacent low cobble zone. This would explain why the abundances of Asian shore crabs in cobbles are doubled when adjacent to facilitation cascade habitats. The propensity for this exotic species to utilize habitats created by facilitation cascades, despite the lack of a shared evolutionary history, contributes to species coexistence and the acceptance of invasives into a diverse community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Altieri
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute , Balboa, Ancon , Republic of Panama
| | - Andrew D Irving
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University , Rockhampton, QLD , Australia
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22
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Thomsen MS, Hildebrand T, South PM, Foster T, Siciliano A, Oldach E, Schiel DR. A sixth-level habitat cascade increases biodiversity in an intertidal estuary. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:8291-8303. [PMID: 27878096 PMCID: PMC5108278 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have documented habitat cascades where two co-occurring habitat-forming species control biodiversity. However, more than two habitat-formers could theoretically co-occur. We here documented a sixth-level habitat cascade from the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, New Zealand, by correlating counts of attached inhabitants to the size and accumulated biomass of their biogenic hosts. These data revealed predictable sequences of habitat-formation (=attachment space). First, the bivalve Austrovenus provided habitat for green seaweeds (Ulva) that provided habitat for trochid snails in a typical estuarine habitat cascade. However, the trochids also provided habitat for the nonnative bryozoan Conopeum that provided habitat for the red seaweed Gigartina that provided habitat for more trochids, thereby resetting the sequence of the habitat cascade, theoretically in perpetuity. Austrovenus is here the basal habitat-former that controls this "long" cascade. The strength of facilitation increased with seaweed frond size, accumulated seaweed biomass, accumulated shell biomass but less with shell size. We also found that Ulva attached to all habitat-formers, trochids attached to Ulva and Gigartina, and Conopeum and Gigartina predominately attached to trochids. These "affinities" for different habitat-forming species probably reflect species-specific traits of juveniles and adults. Finally, manipulative experiments confirmed that the amount of seaweed and trochids was important and consistent regulators of the habitat cascade in different estuarine environments. We also interpreted this cascade as a habitat-formation network that describes the likelihood of an inhabitant being found attached to a specific habitat-former. We conclude that the strength of the cascade increased with the amount of higher-order habitat-formers, with differences in form and function between higher and lower-order habitat-formers, and with the affinity of inhabitants for higher-order habitat-formers. We suggest that long habitat cascades are common where species traits allow for physical attachment to other species, such as in marine benthic systems and old forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads S. Thomsen
- Marine Ecology GroupSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
- School of Plant Biology & UWA Oceans InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| | - Thomas Hildebrand
- Marine Ecology GroupSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Paul M. South
- Marine Ecology GroupSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
- Cawthron InstituteNelsonNew Zealand
- Institute of Marine ScienceUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Travis Foster
- Marine Ecology GroupSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Alfonso Siciliano
- Marine Ecology GroupSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Eliza Oldach
- Marine Ecology GroupSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - David R. Schiel
- Marine Ecology GroupSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
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24
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Wetzel WC, Screen RM, Li I, McKenzie J, Phillips KA, Cruz M, Zhang W, Greene A, Lee E, Singh N, Tran C, Yang LH. Ecosystem engineering by a gall‐forming wasp indirectly suppresses diversity and density of herbivores on oak trees. Ecology 2016; 97:427-38. [DOI: 10.1890/15-1347.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William C. Wetzel
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Robyn M. Screen
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Ivana Li
- Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Jennifer McKenzie
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology University of California One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Kyle A. Phillips
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology University of California One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Melissa Cruz
- Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Austin Greene
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Esther Lee
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Nuray Singh
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Carolyn Tran
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Louie H. Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
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The ecology, evolution, impacts and management of host-parasite interactions of marine molluscs. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 131:177-211. [PMID: 26341124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Molluscs are economically and ecologically important components of aquatic ecosystems. In addition to supporting valuable aquaculture and wild-harvest industries, their populations determine the structure of benthic communities, cycling of nutrients, serve as prey resources for higher trophic levels and, in some instances, stabilize shorelines and maintain water quality. This paper reviews existing knowledge of the ecology of host-parasite interactions involving marine molluscs, with a focus on gastropods and bivalves. It considers the ecological and evolutionary impacts of molluscan parasites on their hosts and vice versa, and on the communities and ecosystems in which they are a part, as well as disease management and its ecological impacts. An increasing number of case studies show that disease can have important effects on marine molluscs, their ecological interactions and ecosystem services, at spatial scales from centimeters to thousands of kilometers and timescales ranging from hours to years. In some instances the cascading indirect effects arising from parasitic infection of molluscs extend well beyond the temporal and spatial scales at which molluscs are affected by disease. In addition to the direct effects of molluscan disease, there can be large indirect impacts on marine environments resulting from strategies, such as introduction of non-native species and selective breeding for disease resistance, put in place to manage disease. Much of our understanding of impacts of molluscan diseases on the marine environment has been derived from just a handful of intensively studied marine parasite-host systems, namely gastropod-trematode, cockle-trematode, and oyster-protistan interactions. Understanding molluscan host-parasite dynamics is of growing importance because: (1) expanding aquaculture; (2) current and future climate change; (3) movement of non-native species; and (4) coastal development are modifying molluscan disease dynamics, ultimately leading to complex relationships between diseases and cultivated and natural molluscan populations. Further, in some instances the enhancement or restoration of valued ecosystem services may be contingent on management of molluscan disease. The application of newly emerging molecular tools and remote sensing techniques to the study of molluscan disease will be important in identifying how changes at varying spatial and temporal scales with global change are modifying host-parasite systems.
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Takahashi K, Takahashi K, Washitani I. Do Small Canopy Gaps Created by Japanese Black Bears Facilitate Fruiting of Fleshy-Fruited Plants? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130956. [PMID: 26207908 PMCID: PMC4514838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese black bears often break branches when climbing trees and feeding on fruit in canopies, thereby creating small canopy gaps. However, the role of black bear-created canopy gaps has not been evaluated in the context of multiple forest dynamics. Our hypothesis was that small canopy gaps created by black bears improve light conditions, which facilitates fruiting of adult fleshy-fruited plants located beneath the gaps, and also that this chain interaction depends on interactions among the size of gaps, improved light conditions, forest layers, and life form of plants. The rPPFD, size of black bear-created canopy gaps, and fruiting/non-fruiting of fleshy-fruited plants were investigated in five forest layers beneath black-bear-created canopy gaps and closed canopies of Mongolian oak (Quercus crispula). We found that light conditions improved beneath black bear-disturbed trees with canopy gaps of large size, and the effect of improvement of light conditions was reduced with descending forest layers. Fruiting of fleshy-fruited plants, especially woody lianas and trees, was facilitated by the improvement of light conditions accompanied by an increase in the size of black-bear-created gaps. Data from this study revealed that canopy disturbance by black bears was key for improving light conditions and accelerating fruiting of fleshy-fruited trees and woody lianas in the canopy layers in particular. Therefore, our hypothesis was mostly supported. Our results provide evidence that Japanese black bears have high potential as ecosystem engineers that increase the availability of resources (light and fruit in this study) to other species by causing physical state changes in biotic materials (branches of Q. crispula in this study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Takahashi
- Faculty of Tourism and Environmental Studies, Nagano University, Ueda, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kaori Takahashi
- Division of Gene Research, Department of Life Science, Research Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano, Japan
| | - Izumi Washitani
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Restoration, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Donadi S, van der Heide T, Piersma T, van der Zee EM, Weerman EJ, van de Koppel J, Olff H, Devine C, Hernawan UE, Boers M, Planthof L, Klemens Eriksson B. Multi-scale habitat modification by coexisting ecosystem engineers drives spatial separation of macrobenthic functional groups. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Donadi
- Dept of Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), Univ. of Groningen; PO Box 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Community and Conservation Ecology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), Univ. of Groningen; PO Box 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Theunis Piersma
- Animal Ecology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), Univ. of Groningen; PO Box 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen the Netherlands
- Dept of Marine Ecology; NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst. for Sea Research; PO Box 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel the Netherlands
| | - Els M. van der Zee
- Animal Ecology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), Univ. of Groningen; PO Box 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen the Netherlands
- Dept of Marine Ecology; NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst. for Sea Research; PO Box 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel the Netherlands
| | - Ellen J. Weerman
- Community and Conservation Ecology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), Univ. of Groningen; PO Box 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Johan van de Koppel
- Community and Conservation Ecology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), Univ. of Groningen; PO Box 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen the Netherlands
- Spatial Ecology Dept; NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst. for Sea Research; PO Box 140, NL-4400AC Yerseke the Netherlands
| | - Han Olff
- Community and Conservation Ecology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), Univ. of Groningen; PO Box 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Clare Devine
- Dept of Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), Univ. of Groningen; PO Box 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Udhi E. Hernawan
- Dept of Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), Univ. of Groningen; PO Box 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Myra Boers
- Dept of Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), Univ. of Groningen; PO Box 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Linda Planthof
- Dept of Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), Univ. of Groningen; PO Box 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Britas Klemens Eriksson
- Dept of Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), Univ. of Groningen; PO Box 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen the Netherlands
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Lyons DA, Arvanitidis C, Blight AJ, Chatzinikolaou E, Guy-Haim T, Kotta J, Orav-Kotta H, Queirós AM, Rilov G, Somerfield PJ, Crowe TP. Macroalgal blooms alter community structure and primary productivity in marine ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2014; 20:2712-2724. [PMID: 24890042 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication, coupled with loss of herbivory due to habitat degradation and overharvesting, has increased the frequency and severity of macroalgal blooms worldwide. Macroalgal blooms interfere with human activities in coastal areas, and sometimes necessitate costly algal removal programmes. They also have many detrimental effects on marine and estuarine ecosystems, including induction of hypoxia, release of toxic hydrogen sulphide into the sediments and atmosphere, and the loss of ecologically and economically important species. However, macroalgal blooms can also increase habitat complexity, provide organisms with food and shelter, and reduce other problems associated with eutrophication. These contrasting effects make their overall ecological impacts unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the overall effects of macroalgal blooms on several key measures of ecosystem structure and functioning in marine ecosystems. We also evaluated some of the ecological and methodological factors that might explain the highly variable effects observed in different studies. Averaged across all studies, macroalgal blooms had negative effects on the abundance and species richness of marine organisms, but blooms by different algal taxa had different consequences, ranging from strong negative to strong positive effects. Blooms' effects on species richness also depended on the habitat where they occurred, with the strongest negative effects seen in sandy or muddy subtidal habitats and in the rocky intertidal. Invertebrate communities also appeared to be particularly sensitive to blooms, suffering reductions in their abundance, species richness, and diversity. The total net primary productivity, gross primary productivity, and respiration of benthic ecosystems were higher during macroalgal blooms, but blooms had negative effects on the productivity and respiration of other organisms. These results suggest that, in addition to their direct social and economic costs, macroalgal blooms have ecological effects that may alter their capacity to deliver important ecosystem services.
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Romero GQ, Gonçalves-Souza T, Vieira C, Koricheva J. Ecosystem engineering effects on species diversity across ecosystems: a meta-analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 90:877-90. [PMID: 25174581 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem engineering is increasingly recognized as a relevant ecological driver of diversity and community composition. Although engineering impacts on the biota can vary from negative to positive, and from trivial to enormous, patterns and causes of variation in the magnitude of engineering effects across ecosystems and engineer types remain largely unknown. To elucidate the above patterns, we conducted a meta-analysis of 122 studies which explored effects of animal ecosystem engineers on species richness of other organisms in the community. The analysis revealed that the overall effect of ecosystem engineers on diversity is positive and corresponds to a 25% increase in species richness, indicating that ecosystem engineering is a facilitative process globally. Engineering effects were stronger in the tropics than at higher latitudes, likely because new or modified habitats provided by engineers in the tropics may help minimize competition and predation pressures on resident species. Within aquatic environments, engineering impacts were stronger in marine ecosystems (rocky shores) than in streams. In terrestrial ecosystems, engineers displayed stronger positive effects in arid environments (e.g. deserts). Ecosystem engineers that create new habitats or microhabitats had stronger effects than those that modify habitats or cause bioturbation. Invertebrate engineers and those with lower engineering persistence (<1 year) affected species richness more than vertebrate engineers which persisted for >1 year. Invertebrate species richness was particularly responsive to engineering impacts. This study is the first attempt to build an integrative framework of engineering effects on species diversity; it highlights the importance of considering latitude, habitat, engineering functional group, taxon and persistence of their effects in future theoretical and empirical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Q Romero
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6109, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gonçalves-Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6109, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Vieira
- Graduate Course in Ecology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6109, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Koricheva
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, U.K
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Bishop MJ, Fraser J, Gribben PE. Morphological traits and density of foundation species modulate a facilitation cascade in Australian mangroves. Ecology 2013; 94:1927-36. [PMID: 24279264 DOI: 10.1890/12-1847.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Facilitation cascades are critical to the maintenance of biodiversity in a variety of habitats. Through a series of two experiments, we examined how the morphological traits and density of interacting foundation species influence the establishment and persistence of a facilitation cascade in temperate Australian mangrove forests. In this system, mangrove pneumatophores trap the free-living alga, Hormosira banksii, which, in turn, supports dense and diverse assemblages of epifaunal mollusks. The first experiment, which manipulated pneumatophore height and density, revealed that these two traits each had additive negative effects on the establishment, but additive positive effects on the persistence of the cascade. High densities of tall pneumatophores initially served as a physical barrier to algal colonization of pneumatophore plots, but over the longer-term enhanced the retention of algae. The increased algal biomass, in turn, facilitating epifaunal colonization. The second experiment demonstrated that the retention of algae by pneumatophores was influenced more by algal thallus length than vesicle diameter, and this effect occurred independent of pneumatophore height. Our study has extended facilitation theory by showing that the morphological traits and density of basal and intermediary facilitators influence both the establishment and persistence of facilitation cascades. Hence, attempts to use foundation species as a tool for restoration will require an understanding not only of the interactions among these, but also of the key traits that modify interrelationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Bishop
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.
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Kawasaki M, Delamare-Deboutteville J, Dang C, Barnes AC. Hemiuroid trematode sporocysts are undetected by hemocytes of their intermediate host, the ark cockle Anadara trapezia: potential role of surface carbohydrates in successful parasitism. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1937-1947. [PMID: 24161777 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to establish a successful relationship with their hosts, parasites must subvert or evade immune defences. Cockle Anadara trapezia and Sydney Rock oyster (SRO) Saccostrea glomerata live in the same location but only ark cockles are infected by sporocysts of hemiuroid trematode. This provides an opportunity to explore differing interactions between the parasite and the immune system of susceptible and refractive hosts. Rapid migration and encapsulation of sporocysts was observed by SRO hemocytes but not by cockle hemocytes. This migration/encapsulation was inhibited by N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine but not by the other sugars, implicating specific surface carbohydrates in immune detection. Effector responses of hemocytes were investigated in vitro in terms of production of reactive oxygen production (ROS). Hemocytes of both species strongly reacted to Zymosan, but only SRO hemocytes responded to live sporocysts. Neither species' hemocytes produced ROS in the presence of dead/fixed sporocysts, and there was no suppression of Zymosan-induced respiratory burst by sporocysts. This suggests that immune escape is mediated by avoiding encapsulation, perhaps through molecular mimicry. Membrane-shaving with proteases indicated that sporocyst surface proteins are not a key factors in hemocytic detection. Surface carbohydrates of SRO and cockle hemocytes and of sporocysts were profiled with a panel of biotinylated lectins. This revealed substantial differences between cockle and SRO hemocytes, but greater similarity between cockle hemocytes and sporocysts. Results suggest that surface carbohydrates play an integral role in hemocyte immunorecognition and that surface carbohydrate molecular mimicry is a potential strategy for immune evasion in cockles by hemiuroid trematode sporocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Kawasaki
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine Science, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Gribben PE, Wright JT. Habitat-former effects on prey behaviour increase predation and non-predation mortality. J Anim Ecol 2013; 83:388-96. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Gribben
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster; School of the Environment; University of Technology; Sydney NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Jeffrey T. Wright
- National Centre for Marine Conservation and Resource Sustainability; Australian Maritime College; University of Tasmania; P.O. Box 986 Launceston Tas. 7250 Australia
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Spooner DE, Frost PC, Hillebrand H, Arts MT, Puckrin O, Xenopoulos MA. Nutrient loading associated with agriculture land use dampens the importance of consumer-mediated niche construction. Ecol Lett 2013; 16:1115-25. [PMID: 23848507 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The linkages between biological communities and ecosystem function remain poorly understood along gradients of human-induced stressors. We examined how resource provisioning (nutrient recycling), mediated by native freshwater mussels, influences the structure and function of benthic communities by combining observational data and a field experiment. We compared the following: (1) elemental and community composition (algal pigments and macroinvertebates) on live mussel shells and on nearby rocks across a gradient of catchment agriculture and (2) experimental colonisation of benthic communities on live vs. sham shells controlling for initial community composition and colonisation duration. We show that in near pristine systems, nutrient heterogeneity mediated by mussels relates to greater biodiversity of communities, which supports the notion that resource heterogeneity can foster biological diversity. However, with increased nutrients from the catchment, the relevance of mussel-provisioned nutrients was nearly eliminated. While species can persist in disturbed systems, their functional relevance may be diminished or lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Spooner
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada.
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Decleer K, Bonte D, Van Diggelen R. The hemiparasite Pedicularis palustris: ‘Ecosystem engineer’ for fen-meadow restoration. J Nat Conserv 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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35
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36
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Faunal differences between the invasive brown macroalga Sargassum muticum and competing native macroalgae. Biol Invasions 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Byers JE, Gribben PE, Yeager C, Sotka EE. Impacts of an abundant introduced ecosystem engineer within mudflats of the southeastern US coast. Biol Invasions 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bishop MJ, Byers JE, Marcek BJ, Gribben PE. Density-dependent facilitation cascades determine epifaunal community structure in temperate Australian mangroves. Ecology 2012; 93:1388-401. [PMID: 22834379 DOI: 10.1890/10-2296.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Co-occurring foundation species can determine biological community structure via facilitation cascades. We examined the density dependencies of facilitation cascades, including how the density of a basal foundation species influences the density of secondary foundation species, and how the density of secondary foundation species influences community structure. The system in which we assessed density dependencies was a temperate mangrove forest in which pneumatophores trap the fucoid alga Hormosira banksii and provide substrate for the oyster, Saccostrea glomerata. The alga and oyster in turn determine benthic community structure. In the field, algal biomass was positively correlated with pneumatophore density. Oysters, by contrast, were highly over-dispersed and correlated with the presence/absence of pneumatophores. Epifaunal abundance and species richness were positively correlated with algal and oyster abundance, but their effects were independent. The positive effect of pneumatophore density on epifauna was primarily an indirect effect of trapping more algae. Pneumatophores did not directly influence invertebrate communities. Experiments revealed that, at very low pneumatophore densities, algal retention was insufficient to facilitate epifauna above that found on pneumatophores alone. At higher densities, however, increasing the density of pneumatophores increased algal retention, and the density and diversity of associated invertebrates. Shading by the mangrove canopy reduced algal biomass but did not modify the density-dependent nature of the cascade. Our results extend facilitation theory by showing that the density of both basal and secondary foundation species can be critical in triggering facilitation cascades. Our study also reveals that, where foundation species co-occur, multiple, independent cascades may arise from a single basal facilitator. These findings enhance our understanding of the role of density-dependent facilitation cascades in community assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Bishop
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.
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Lau JA. Evolutionary indirect effects of biological invasions. Oecologia 2012; 170:171-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Angelini C, Altieri AH, Silliman BR, Bertness MD. Interactions among Foundation Species and Their Consequences for Community Organization, Biodiversity, and Conservation. Bioscience 2011. [DOI: 10.1525/bio.2011.61.10.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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41
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Effects of Caulerpa racemosa invasion on soft-bottom assemblages in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Biol Invasions 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-011-9938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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43
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Byers JE, Wright JT, Gribben PE. Variable direct and indirect effects of a habitat-modifying invasive species on mortality of native fauna. Ecology 2010; 91:1787-98. [DOI: 10.1890/09-0712.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Thomsen MS, Wernberg T, Altieri A, Tuya F, Gulbransen D, McGlathery KJ, Holmer M, Silliman BR. Habitat Cascades: The Conceptual Context and Global Relevance of Facilitation Cascades via Habitat Formation and Modification. Integr Comp Biol 2010; 50:158-75. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icq042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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45
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Wright JT, Byers JE, Koukoumaftsis LP, Ralph PJ, Gribben PE. Native species behaviour mitigates the impact of habitat-forming invasive seaweed. Oecologia 2010; 163:527-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-010-1608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pétillon J, Lambeets K, Montaigne W, Maelfait JP, Bonte D. Habitat structure modified by an invasive grass enhances inundation withstanding in a salt-marsh wolf spider. Biol Invasions 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-010-9714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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