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Wei J, Zhang Q, Yin Y, Peng K, Wang L, Cai Y, Gong Z. Limited Impacts of Water Diversion on Micro-eukaryotic Community along the Eastern Route of China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 262:122109. [PMID: 39096537 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
The Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (ER-SNWDP) represents a crucial initiative aimed at alleviating water scarcity in China's northern region. Understanding the dynamics governing the composition and assembly processes of micro-eukaryotic communities within the canal during different water diversion periods holds paramount significance for the effective management of the ER-SNWDP. Our study systematically tracks the dynamics of the micro-eukaryotic community and its assembly processes along the 1045.4 km of canals and four impounded lakes, totaling 3455 km2, constituting the ER-SNWDP during a complete water diversion cycle, utilizing high-throughput sequencing, bioinformatics tools, and null modeling algorithms. The primary objectives of this study are to elucidate the spatial-temporal succession of micro-eukaryotic communities as the water diversion progresses, to delineate the relative importance of deterministic and stochastic processes in community assembly, and to identify the pivotal factors driving changes in micro-eukaryotic communities. Our findings indicate notable variations in the composition and diversity of micro-eukaryotic communities within the ER-SNWDP across different water diversion periods and geographic locations (P < 0.05). This variation is influenced by a confluence of temporal and environmental factors, with limited impacts from water diversion. In essence, the assembly of micro-eukaryotic communities within the ER-SNWDP primarily stemmed from heterogeneous selection driven by deterministic processes. Water diversion exhibited a tendency to decrease community beta diversity while augmenting the influence of stochastic processes in community assembly, albeit this effect attenuated over time. Furthermore, our analysis identified several pivotal environmental parameters, notably including nitrite-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, orthophosphate, and water temperature, as exerting significant effects on micro-eukaryotic communities across different water diversion periods. Collectively, our study furnishes the inaugural comprehensive exploration of the dynamics, assembly processes, and influencing factors governing micro-eukaryotic communities within the ER-SNWDP, thus furnishing indispensable insights to inform the water quality management of this important project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Wei
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingji Zhang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Peng
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lachun Wang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongjiu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhijun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Zhu G, Luan L, Zhou S, Dini-Andreote F, Bahram M, Yang Y, Geisen S, Zheng J, Wang S, Jiang Y. Body size mediates the functional potential of soil organisms by diversity and community assembly across soil aggregates. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127669. [PMID: 38442455 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Body size is an important life-history trait that affects organism niche occupancy and ecological interactions. However, it is still unclear to what extent the assembly process of organisms with different body sizes affects soil biogeochemical cycling processes at the aggregate level. Here, we examined the diversity and community assembly of soil microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and protists) and microfauna (nematodes) with varying body sizes. The microbial functional potential associated with carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur metabolism within three soil aggregate sizes (large macroaggregates, > 2 mm; small macroaggregates, 0.25-2 mm; and microaggregates, < 0.25 mm) were determined by metagenomics. We found that the smallest microbes (bacteria) had higher α-diversity and lower β-diversity and were mostly structured by stochastic processes, while all larger organisms (fungi, protists, and nematodes) had lower α-diversity and were relatively more influenced by deterministic processes. Structural equation modeling indicated that the microbial functional potential associated with carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur metabolism was mainly influenced by the bacterial and protist diversity in microaggregates. In contrast, the microbial functional potential was primarily mediated by the assembly processes of four organism groups, especially the nematode community in macroaggregates. This study reveals the important roles of soil organisms with different body sizes in the functional potential related to nutrient cycling, and provides new insights into the ecological processes structuring the diversity and community assembly of organisms of different body sizes at the soil aggregate level, with implications for soil nutrient cycling dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Shungui Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Francisco Dini-Andreote
- Department of Plant Science & Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad Bahram
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 51005, Estonia
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 ES, Netherlands
| | - Jie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuji Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Zhao X, Cui H, Song H, Chen J, Wang J, Liu Z, Ali I, Yang Z, Hou X, Zhou X, Xiao S, Chen S. Contrasting responses of α- and β-multifunctionality to aboveground plant community in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170464. [PMID: 38290671 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The aboveground plant communities are crucial in driving ecosystem functioning, particularly being the primary producers in terrestrial ecosystems. Numerous studies have investigated the impacts of aboveground plant communities on multiple ecosystem functions at α-scale. However, such critical effects have been unexplored at β-scale and the comparative assessment of the effects and underlying mechanisms of aboveground plant communities on α- and β-multifunctionality has been lacking. In this study, we examined the effects of aboveground plant communities on soil multifunctionality both at α- and β-scale in the alpine meadow of the Tibetan Plateau. Additionally, we quantified the direct effects of aboveground plant communities, as well as the indirect effects mediated by changes in biotic and abiotic factors, on soil multifunctionality at both scales. Our findings revealed that: 1) Aboveground plant communities had significantly positive effects on α-multifunctionality whereas, β-multifunctionality was not affected significantly. 2) Aboveground plant communities directly influence α- and β-multifunctionality in contrasting ways, with positive and negative effects, respectively. Apart from the direct effects of plant community, we found that soil water content and bacterial β-diversity serving as the primary predictors for the responses of α- and β-multifunctionality to the presence of aboveground plant communities, respectively. And β-soil biodiversity appeared to be a stronger predictor of multifunctionality relative to α-soil biodiversity. Our findings provide novel insights into the drivers of ecosystem multifunctionality at different scales, highlight the importance of maintaining biodiversity at multiple scales and offer valuable knowledge for the maintenance of ecosystem functioning and the restoration of alpine meadow ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanwen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxian Song
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Izhar Ali
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sa Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Gao Z, Jiang Y, Li W, Chen H, Ye M, Liang Y. Evidence for the role of microbes in the silicon-regulated arsenic concentrations of rice roots in the soil environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168321. [PMID: 37949137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil arsenic (As) pollution poses a threat to human health. The role of silicon (Si) in decreasing the xylem loading of arsenite in rice has been demonstrated; however, whether microorganisms are involved in the Si-mediated in-planta and ex-planta As translocation and absorption remains unclear. Here we combined hydroponic and potted experiments to elucidate how Si previously accumulated in plants and the microbial traits of bulk soil, rhizosphere and root endosphere impact on As absorption by plants. For the pot experiment, both native and sterilized soils added exogenously with Si were established. The results obtained showed that the addition of Si to rice and soil reduced the root As levels by 20-54 % in the native soils, but not in the sterilized soils. The reassembled microbial communities in the sterilized soils exhibited no effects of Si on reducing root As absorption, whereas such Si effects were observed in the native soils. This ex-planta effect of Si on As absorption was processed by signal molecules or interactions among microorganisms. More importantly, Mycobacterium, Streptomyces, Anaeromyxobacter, and Geotalea were closely linked to this Si-regulated effect, either independently or jointly. Furthermore, Si previously accumulated in shoots decreased root-to-shoot As translocation, and such in-planta regulation was not easily affected by the reassembled microbial communities. This study provides evidence that microorganisms play a crucial role in Si-mediated root As absorption in the soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Gao
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Yishun Jiang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mujun Ye
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongchao Liang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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D'Andrea R, Khattar G, Koffel T, Frans VF, Bittleston LS, Cuellar-Gempeler C. Reciprocal inhibition and competitive hierarchy cause negative biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14356. [PMID: 38193391 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF) captivates ecologists, but the factors responsible for the direction of this relationship remain unclear. While higher ecosystem functioning at higher biodiversity levels ('positive BEF') is not universal in nature, negative BEF relationships seem puzzlingly rare. Here, we develop a dynamical consumer-resource model inspired by microbial decomposer communities in pitcher plant leaves to investigate BEF. We manipulate microbial diversity via controlled colonization and measure their function as total ammonia production. We test how niche partitioning among bacteria and other ecological processes influence BEF in the leaves. We find that a negative BEF can emerge from reciprocal interspecific inhibition in ammonia production causing a negative complementarity effect, or from competitive hierarchies causing a negative selection effect. Absent these factors, a positive BEF was the typical outcome. Our findings provide a potential explanation for the rarity of negative BEF in empirical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael D'Andrea
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Gabriel Khattar
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas Koffel
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Veronica F Frans
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, Michigan, USA
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Mancuso FP, Giommi C, Mangano MC, Airoldi L, Helmuth B, Sarà G. Evenness, biodiversity, and ecosystem function of intertidal communities along the Italian coasts: Experimental short-term response to ambient and extreme air temperatures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160037. [PMID: 36356730 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity can promote ecosystem functioning in both terrestrial and marine environments, emphasizing the necessity of biodiversity conservation in order to preserve critical ecosystem functions and associated services. However, the role of biodiversity in buffering ecosystem functioning under extreme events caused by climate change remains a major scientific issue, especially for intertidal systems experiencing stressors from both terrestrial and marine drivers. We performed a regional-scale field experiment along the Italian coast to investigate the response of unmanipulated intertidal communities (by using a natural biodiversity gradient) to low tide aerial exposure to both ambient and short-term extreme temperatures. We specifically investigated the relationship between Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (BEF) using different biodiversity indexes (species richness, functional diversity and evenness) and the response of the intertidal communities' ecosystem functioning (community respiration rates). Furthermore, we investigated which other environmental variables could influence the BEF relationship. We show that evenness explained a greater variation in intertidal community ecosystem functioning under both temperature conditions. Species richness (the most often used diversity metric in BEF research) was unrelated to ecosystem functioning, while functional diversity was significantly related to respiration under ambient but not extreme temperatures. We highlight the importance of the short-term thermal history of the communities (measured as body temperature) in the BEF relationship as it was consistently identified as the best predictor or response under both temperature conditions. However, Chlorophyll a in seawater and variation in sea surface temperature also contributed to the BEF relationship under ambient but not under extreme conditions, showing that short-duration climate-driven events can overcome local physiological adaptations. Our findings support the importance of the BEF relationship in intertidal communities, implying that systems with more diverse and homogeneous communities may be able to mitigate the effects of extreme temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Paolo Mancuso
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy.
| | - Chiara Giommi
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CRIMAC, Calabria Marine Centre, Amendolara, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mangano
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Dipartimento Ecologia Marina Integrata, Sede Interdipartimentale della Sicilia, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90142 Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Airoldi
- Department of Biology, Chioggia Hydrobiological Station Umberto D'Ancona, University of Padova, 30015 Chioggia, Italy; University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali & Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali (CIRSA), UO CoNISMa, Via S. Alberto, 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Brian Helmuth
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - Gianluca Sarà
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
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Gadelha ES, Dunck B, Simões NR, Paes ET, Akama A. High taxonomic turnover and functional homogenization of rotifer communities in an amazonian river. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 94:e20201894. [PMID: 36629636 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220201894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Patterns of beta diversity of plankton communities in rivers have been mainly determined by hydrological factors that alter the dispersion and composition of species and traits. Rotifers in the Guamá River (eastern Amazonian River) were sampled (monthly between October 2017 and June 2019) to analyze the temporal variation of taxonomic and functional beta diversity and its partitions (turnover and nestedness) as well as the effects of temporal, environmental, and seasonal dissimilarities. Taxonomic turnover and functional nestedness over time were observed as well as functional homogenization, which was arguably due to the hypereutrophic condition of the river. There were no seasonal differences in taxonomic and functional beta diversity probably due the low environmental dissimilarity. This study demonstrated that this Guamá River stretch presented low environmental dissimilarity and hypereutrophic waters, which benefited the establishment of a community of species with high taxonomic turnover over time, but with low functional dissimilarity and loss of some functions related to the functional traits evaluated in the ecosystem. It is important to point out that temporal studies should evaluate both taxonomic and functional aspects of communities, mainly because the effect of environmental changes may be more noticeable at the functional level of communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewertton S Gadelha
- Museu Emilio Goeldi, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução, Av. Perimetral, 1901, 66077-830 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Dunck
- Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia - PPGECO, Laboratório de Ecologia de Produtores Primários, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 1, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil.,Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Instituto Socioambiental e de Recursos Hídricos, Av. Tancredo Neves, 2501, 66077-830 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Nadson R Simões
- Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Tecnologias Ambientais, Rodovia Ilhéus, Km 22, 45604-811 Itabuna, BA, Brazil
| | - Eduardo T Paes
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Instituto Socioambiental e de Recursos Hídricos, Av. Tancredo Neves, 2501, 66077-830 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Alberto Akama
- Museu Emilio Goeldi, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução, Av. Perimetral, 1901, 66077-830 Belém, PA, Brazil
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Olusoji OD, Barabás G, Spaak JW, Fontana S, Neyens T, De Laender F, Aerts M. Measuring individual‐level trait diversity: a critical assessment of methods. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi D. Olusoji
- Center for Statistics, Data Science Inst., Hasselt Univ. Hasselt Belgium
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Inst. of Life‐Earth‐Environment (ILEE), Namur Inst. for Complex Systems (NAXYS), Univ. de Namur Namur Belgium
| | - György Barabás
- Division of Ecological and Environmental Modeling, Linköping Univ. Linköping Sweden
- ELTE‐MTA Theoretical Biology and Evolutionary Ecology Research Group Budapest Hungary
- Inst. of Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research Budapest Hungary
| | - Jurg W. Spaak
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Inst. of Life‐Earth‐Environment (ILEE), Namur Inst. for Complex Systems (NAXYS), Univ. de Namur Namur Belgium
| | - Simone Fontana
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Univ. of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Inst. WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
- Abteilung Natur und Landschaft, Amt für Natur, Jagd und Fischerei, Kanton St. Gallen St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Thomas Neyens
- Center for Statistics, Data Science Inst., Hasselt Univ. Hasselt Belgium
- L‐BioStat, Dept of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Frederik De Laender
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Inst. of Life‐Earth‐Environment (ILEE), Namur Inst. for Complex Systems (NAXYS), Univ. de Namur Namur Belgium
| | - Marc Aerts
- Center for Statistics, Data Science Inst., Hasselt Univ. Hasselt Belgium
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Tang T, Zhang N, Bongers FJ, Staab M, Schuldt A, Fornoff F, Lin H, Cavender-Bares J, Hipp AL, Li S, Liang Y, Han B, Klein AM, Bruelheide H, Durka W, Schmid B, Ma K, Liu X. Tree species and genetic diversity increase productivity via functional diversity and trophic feedbacks. eLife 2022; 11:e78703. [PMID: 36444645 PMCID: PMC9754634 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Addressing global biodiversity loss requires an expanded focus on multiple dimensions of biodiversity. While most studies have focused on the consequences of plant interspecific diversity, our mechanistic understanding of how genetic diversity within plant species affects plant productivity remains limited. Here, we use a tree species × genetic diversity experiment to disentangle the effects of species diversity and genetic diversity on tree productivity, and how they are related to tree functional diversity and trophic feedbacks. We found that tree species diversity increased tree productivity via increased tree functional diversity, reduced soil fungal diversity, and marginally reduced herbivory. The effects of tree genetic diversity on productivity via functional diversity and soil fungal diversity were negative in monocultures but positive in the mixture of the four tree species tested. Given the complexity of interactions between species and genetic diversity, tree functional diversity and trophic feedbacks on productivity, we suggest that both tree species and genetic diversity should be considered in afforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Naili Zhang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Franca J Bongers
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Michael Staab
- Ecological Networks, Technical University DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
| | - Andreas Schuldt
- Forest Nature Conservation, Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Felix Fornoff
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Hong Lin
- Institute of Applied Ecology, School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jeannine Cavender-Bares
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of MinnesotaSt. PaulUnited States
| | | | - Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Baocai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergHalleGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Walter Durka
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZHalleGermany
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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10
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Functional Diversity of Plant Communities in Relationship to Leaf and Soil Stoichiometry in Karst Areas of Southwest China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of relationships between functional diversity and ecological stoichiometry in plant communities can aid in determining the relative variability and ecological complementarity of functional attributes among species, which is a better approach to understanding ecosystem processes and functions than studying species taxonomic diversity. Here, we analyzed the relationships among community weighted means of functional traits, functional diversity, and leaf and soil chemical properties of plant communities during various stages of vegetation restoration in Mao Lan National Karst Forest Nature Reserve, located in humid subtropical Guizhou of China. Our results showed significant changes in four weighted functional traits of plant communities at different restoration stages, namely, plant height, leaf width to leaf length ratio, and leaf area. Additionally, with the progression of the recovery of plant communities, functional richness, functional separation, and quadratic entropy, the coefficient tended to increase. Functional divergence tended to gradually decrease. The association of functional diversity with soil chemical properties was stronger than that with leaf ecological stoichiometry. Regarding leaf and soil chemical properties, soil phosphorus content and leaf C:P were particularly important in influencing functional diversity. Our overall findings indicate that functional traits shift from “acquisitive” to “conservative” as the community is restored. Karst plant communities reduce interspecific resource competition as restoration proceeds, thereby increasing functional overlap effects.
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11
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Zettlemoyer MA. Leaf traits mediate herbivory across a nitrogen gradient differently in extirpated vs. extant prairie species. Oecologia 2022; 198:711-720. [PMID: 35192065 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing nitrogen deposition threatens many grassland species with local extinction. In addition to the direct effects of nitrogen deposition, nitrogen can indirectly affect plant populations via phenotypic shifts in plant traits that influence plant susceptibility to herbivory. Here, I test how herbivory varies across an experimental nitrogen gradient and whether differences in susceptibility to herbivory might explain patterns of local species loss. Specifically, I examine how increasing nitrogen availability in a restored prairie influences leaf traits and subsequent herbivory (by leaf-chewers like insects/small mammals versus deer) and the severity of herbivore damage on confamiliar pairs of extirpated versus extant species from Michigan prairies. Nitrogen increased herbivory by both leaf-chewers and deer as well as herbivore damage (proportion of leaves damaged). Leaf hairiness and specific leaf area affected patterns of herbivory following nitrogen addition, although patterns varied between extirpated vs. extant taxa and herbivory type. Nitrogen increased leaf hairiness. At high levels of nitrogen addition, hairy extant plants experienced less herbivory and damage than smooth-leaved plants. In contrast, hairy extirpated plants were more likely to experience leaf-chewer herbivory. Extirpated plants with thin leaves (high specific leaf area) were less likely to experience leaf-chewer herbivory; the opposite was true for extant species. Generally, extant species experienced more herbivory than locally extirpated species, particularly at high levels of nitrogen addition, suggesting that increasing herbivory under nutrient addition likely does not influence extirpation in this system. This study suggests that trait-mediated responses to nitrogen addition and herbivory differ between extant and extirpated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Zettlemoyer
- Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, 49060-9505, USA. .,Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-5004, USA.
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12
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Nakamura M, Terada C, Ito K, Matsui K, Niwa S, Ishihara M, Kenta T, Yoshikawa T, Kadoya T, Hiura T, Muraoka H, Ishida K, Agetsuma N, Nakamura R, Sakio H, Takagi M, Mori AS, Kimura MK, Kurokawa H, Enoki T, Seino T, Takashima A, Kobayashi H, Matsumoto K, Takahashi K, Tateno R, Yoshida T, Nakaji T, Maki M, Kobayashi K, Fukuzawa K, Hoshizaki K, Ohta K, Kobayashi K, Hasegawa M, Suzuki SN, Sakimoto M, Kitagawa Y, Sakai A, Kondo H, Ichie T, Kageyama K, Hieno A, Kato S, Otani T, Utsumi Y, Kume T, Homma K, Kishimoto K, Masaka K, Watanabe K, Toda M, Nagamatsu D, Miyazaki Y, Yamashita T, Tokuchi N. Evaluating the soil microbe community‐level physiological profile using
EcoPlate
and soil properties at 33 forest sites across Japan. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nakamura
- Wakayama Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido University Wakayama Japan
| | - Chisato Terada
- Wakayama Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido University Wakayama Japan
| | - Kinya Ito
- Wakayama Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido University Wakayama Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsui
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Kindai University Osaka Japan
| | | | - Masae Ishihara
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Tanaka Kenta
- Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Tetsuro Yoshikawa
- Biodiversity Division National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Taku Kadoya
- Biodiversity Division National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Tsutom Hiura
- Department of Ecosystem Studies The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Muraoka
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System Gifu Japan
| | - Ken Ishida
- Amami Ecosystem Research Group Kagoshima Japan
| | - Naoki Agetsuma
- Tomakomai Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakamura
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere Kyoto University Uji Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakio
- Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Masahiro Takagi
- Faculty of Agriculture University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan
| | - Akira S. Mori
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Megumi K. Kimura
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Ibaraki Japan
| | - Hiroko Kurokawa
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Ibaraki Japan
| | - Tsutomu Enoki
- Kasuya Resarch Forest, Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Seino
- Yatsugatake Forest Station, Mountain Science Center University of Tsukuba Nagano Japan
| | - Atsushi Takashima
- Yona Field, Subtropical Field Scienece Center, Faculty of Agriculture University of the Ryukyus Okinawa Japan
| | | | | | | | - Ryunosuke Tateno
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yoshida
- Faculty of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo Japan
| | - Tatsuro Nakaji
- Uryu Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Masayuki Maki
- Botanical Gardens, Tohoku University Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | | | - Karibu Fukuzawa
- Nakagawa Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hoshizaki
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences Akita Prefectural University Akita Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ohta
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences Akita Prefectural University Akita Japan
| | - Keito Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Kyoto Japan
| | | | - Satoshi N. Suzuki
- The University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, The University of Tokyo Furano Japan
| | - Michinori Sakimoto
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kitagawa
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Akiko Sakai
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kondo
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ichie
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University Kochi Kochi Japan
| | - Koji Kageyama
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System Gifu Japan
| | - Ayaka Hieno
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System Gifu Japan
| | - Shogo Kato
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences Gifu University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System Gifu Japan
| | - Tatsuya Otani
- Shikoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Kochi Kochi Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Utsumi
- Ashoro Research Forest, Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Ashoro Hokkaido Japan
| | - Tomonori Kume
- Shiiba Research Forest, Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Miyazaki Japan
| | - Kosuke Homma
- Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Koju Kishimoto
- Ecohydrology Research Institute, The University of Tokyo Forests, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo Seto Aichi Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Masaka
- Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture Iwate University Iwate Japan
| | - Kenta Watanabe
- National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College Okinawa Japan
| | - Motomu Toda
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University Higashihiroshima Japan
| | - Dai Nagamatsu
- Faculty of Agriculture Tottori University Tottori Japan
| | - Yuko Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Okayama Japan
| | - Tamon Yamashita
- Education and Research Center for Biological Resources, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences Shimane University Matsue Shimane Japan
| | - Naoko Tokuchi
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
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13
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Delalandre L, Gaüzère P, Thuiller W, Cadotte M, Mouquet N, Mouillot D, Munoz F, Denelle P, Loiseau N, Morin X, Violle C. Functionally distinct tree species support long-term productivity in extreme environments. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20211694. [PMID: 35042423 PMCID: PMC8767214 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite evidence of a positive effect of functional diversity on ecosystem productivity, the importance of functionally distinct species (i.e. species that display an original combination of traits) is poorly understood. To investigate how distinct species affect ecosystem productivity, we used a forest-gap model to simulate realistic temperate forest successions along an environmental gradient and measured ecosystem productivity at the end of the successional trajectories. We performed 10 560 simulations with different sets and numbers of species, bearing either distinct or indistinct functional traits, and compared them to random assemblages, to mimic the consequences of a regional loss of species. Long-term ecosystem productivity dropped when distinct species were lost first from the regional pool of species, under the harshest environmental conditions. On the contrary, productivity was more dependent on ordinary species in milder environments. Our findings show that species functional distinctiveness, integrating multiple trait dimensions, can capture species-specific effects on ecosystem productivity. In a context of an environmentally changing world, they highlight the need to investigate the role of distinct species in sustaining ecosystem processes, particularly in extreme environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Delalandre
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Gaüzère
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Marc Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicolas Mouquet
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
- FRB—CESAB, Montpellier 34000, France
| | - David Mouillot
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - François Munoz
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LiPhy, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Pierre Denelle
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Morin
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
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14
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Choudhury MI, Hallin S, Ecke F, Hubalek V, Juhanson J, Frainer A, McKie BG. Disentangling the roles of plant functional diversity and plaint traits in regulating plant nitrogen accumulation and denitrification in freshwaters. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maidul I. Choudhury
- Department Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Swedish University of Agricultural of Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Sara Hallin
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Swedish University of Agricultural of Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Valerie Hubalek
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jaanis Juhanson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - André Frainer
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Framsenteret Tromsø Norway
| | - Brendan G. McKie
- Department Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Swedish University of Agricultural of Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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15
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ARAUJO ADEMIRS, ROCHA SANDRAM, ANTUNES JADSONE, ARAUJO FABIOF, MENDES LUCASW. Ecosystem functions in different physiognomies of Cerrado through the Rapid Ecosystem Function Assessment (REFA). AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20200457. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220200457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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16
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Wallis CIB, Tiede YC, Beck E, Böhning-Gaese K, Brandl R, Donoso DA, Espinosa CI, Fries A, Homeier J, Inclan D, Leuschner C, Maraun M, Mikolajewski K, Neuschulz EL, Scheu S, Schleuning M, Suárez JP, Tinoco BA, Farwig N, Bendix J. Biodiversity and ecosystem functions depend on environmental conditions and resources rather than the geodiversity of a tropical biodiversity hotspot. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24530. [PMID: 34972835 PMCID: PMC8720099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBiodiversity and ecosystem functions are highly threatened by global change. It has been proposed that geodiversity can be used as an easy-to-measure surrogate of biodiversity to guide conservation management. However, so far, there is mixed evidence to what extent geodiversity can predict biodiversity and ecosystem functions at the regional scale relevant for conservation planning. Here, we analyse how geodiversity computed as a compound index is suited to predict the diversity of four taxa and associated ecosystem functions in a tropical mountain hotspot of biodiversity and compare the results with the predictive power of environmental conditions and resources (climate, habitat, soil). We show that combinations of these environmental variables better explain species diversity and ecosystem functions than a geodiversity index and identified climate variables as more important predictors than habitat and soil variables, although the best predictors differ between taxa and functions. We conclude that a compound geodiversity index cannot be used as a single surrogate predictor for species diversity and ecosystem functions in tropical mountain rain forest ecosystems and is thus little suited to facilitate conservation management at the regional scale. Instead, both the selection and the combination of environmental variables are essential to guide conservation efforts to safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem functions.
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17
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Rubio-Ríos J, Pérez J, Salinas MJ, Fenoy E, López-Rojo N, Boyero L, Casas JJ. Key plant species and detritivores drive diversity effects on instream leaf litter decomposition more than functional diversity: A microcosm study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149266. [PMID: 34340079 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic impacts on freshwater ecosystems cause critical losses of biodiversity that can in turn impair key processes such as decomposition and nutrient cycling. Forest streams are mainly subsidized by terrestrial organic detritus, so their functioning and conservation status can be altered by changes in forest biodiversity and composition, particularly if these changes involve the replacement of functional groups or the loss of key species. We examined this issue using a microcosm experiment where we manipulated plant functional diversity (FD) (monocultures and low-FD and high-FD mixtures, resulting from different combinations of deciduous and evergreen Quercus species) and the presence of a key species (Alnus glutinosa), all in presence and absence of detritivores, and assessed effects on litter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and fungal and detritivore biomass. We found (i) positive diversity effects on detritivore-mediated decomposition, litter nutrient losses and detritivore biomass exclusively when A. glutinosa was present; and (ii) negative effects on the same processes when microbially mediated and on fungal biomass. Most positive trends could be explained by the higher litter palatability and litter trait variability obtained with the inclusion of alder leaves in the mixture. Our results support the hypothesis of a consistent slowing down of the decomposition process as a result of plant biodiversity loss, and hence effects on stream ecosystem functioning, especially when a key (N-fixing) species is lost; and underscore the importance of detritivores as drivers of plant diversity effects in the studied ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rubio-Ríos
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almeria (UAL), 04120 Almería, Spain; Andalusian Centre for the Evaluation and Monitoring of Global Change, CAESCG, Almería, Spain.
| | - J Pérez
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - M J Salinas
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almeria (UAL), 04120 Almería, Spain; Andalusian Centre for the Evaluation and Monitoring of Global Change, CAESCG, Almería, Spain
| | - E Fenoy
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almeria (UAL), 04120 Almería, Spain; Andalusian Centre for the Evaluation and Monitoring of Global Change, CAESCG, Almería, Spain
| | - N López-Rojo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - L Boyero
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - J J Casas
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almeria (UAL), 04120 Almería, Spain; Andalusian Centre for the Evaluation and Monitoring of Global Change, CAESCG, Almería, Spain
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18
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Grazing Induced Shifts in Phytoplankton Cell Size Explain the Community Response to Nutrient Supply. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122440. [PMID: 34946042 PMCID: PMC8708950 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton cell size is important for a multitude of functional traits such as growth rates, storage capabilities, and resistance to grazing. Because these response traits are correlated, selective effects on mean community cell size of one environmental factor should impact the ability of phytoplankton to cope with other factors. Here, we experimentally apply expectations on the functional importance of phytoplankton cell size to the community level. We used a natural marine plankton community, and first altered the community's cell size structure by exposing it to six different grazer densities. The size-shifted communities were then treated with a saturated nutrient pulse to test how the changes in community size structure influenced the mean community growth rate in the short-term (day 1-3) and nutrient storage capacity in the postbloom phase. Copepod grazing reduced the medium-sized phytoplankton and increased the share of the smallest (<10 µm3) and the largest (>100,000 µm3). Communities composed of on average small cells grew faster in response to the nutrient pulse, and thus confirmed the previously suggested growth advantage of small cells for the community level. In contrast, larger phytoplankton showed better storage capabilities, reflected in a slower post-bloom decline of communities that were on average composed of larger cells. Our findings underline that the easily measurable mean cell size of a taxonomically complex phytoplankton community can be used as an indicator trait to predict phytoplankton responses to sequential environmental changes.
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19
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Zamberletti P, Sabir K, Opitz T, Bonnefon O, Gabriel E, Papaïx J. More pests but less pesticide applications: Ambivalent effect of landscape complexity on conservation biological control. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009559. [PMID: 34748536 PMCID: PMC8601610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In agricultural landscapes, the amount and organization of crops and semi-natural habitats (SNH) have the potential to promote a bundle of ecosystem services due to their influence on ecological community at multiple spatio-temporal scales. SNH are relatively undisturbed and are often source of complementary resources and refuges, therefore supporting more diverse and abundant natural pest enemies. However, the nexus of SNH proportion and organization with pest suppression is not trivial. It is thus crucial to understand how the behavior of pest and natural enemy species, the underlying landscape structure, and their interaction, may influence conservation biological control (CBC). Here, we develop a generative stochastic landscape model to simulate realistic agricultural landscape compositions and configurations of fields and linear elements. Generated landscapes are used as spatial support over which we simulate a spatially explicit predator-prey dynamic model. We find that increased SNH presence boosts predator populations by sustaining high predator density that regulates and keeps pest density below the pesticide application threshold. However, predator presence over all the landscape helps to stabilize the pest population by keeping it under this threshold, which tends to increase pest density at the landscape scale. In addition, the joint effect of SNH presence and predator dispersal ability among hedge and field interface results in a stronger pest regulation, which also limits pest growth. Considering properties of both fields and linear elements, such as local structure and geometric features, provides deeper insights for pest regulation; for example, hedge presence at crop field boundaries clearly strengthens CBC. Our results highlight that the integration of species behaviors and traits with landscape structure at multiple scales is necessary to provide useful insights for CBC. In the agricultural context, the loss of semi-natural surfaces often results in high pest abundance requiring elevated pesticide loads. Habitat heterogeneity resulting from the agricultural intermixing of arable fields and semi-natural areas is key to allow organism fluxes across agro-ecological interfaces by influencing ecological processes. Semi-natural habitats (SNH) are often restricted to linear structures, such as hedgerows, but they play an important role by hosting a large number of species. However, the effect of hedgerows is controversial, as it could result in a positive, ineffective or negative effect for CBC. Usually, the impacts of landscape structure on pest population dynamics and resulting CBC are assessed through field experiments with a specific focus, which cannot be generalized, lack flexibility and are limited by the need to manipulate relatively large landscapes. Here, we tackle the challenge to investigate the controversial role of semi-natural habitats for CBC by presenting a simulation-based approach, which allows us to characterize the joint influence of landscape structure and species traits on CBC service. Our study corroborates that spatial heterogeneity, species traits and their interactions are fundamental for CBC. We show that hedge presence alone is not sufficient to lead to strong pest reduction, but hedge-based predators help to maintain the pest density under the pesticide threshold. Instead, SNH presence coupled with appropriate predator traits leads to stronger decrease of pest population. Moreover, we highlight an important scaling effect of SNH, which at the local scale has an even more important impact on CBC as local properties are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khadija Sabir
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Opitz
- INRAE Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux, INRA-PACA, Avignon, France
| | - Olivier Bonnefon
- INRAE Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux, INRA-PACA, Avignon, France
| | - Edith Gabriel
- INRAE Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux, INRA-PACA, Avignon, France
| | - Julien Papaïx
- INRAE Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux, INRA-PACA, Avignon, France
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20
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Lafuente E, Lürig MD, Rövekamp M, Matthews B, Buser C, Vorburger C, Räsänen K. Building on 150 Years of Knowledge: The Freshwater Isopod Asellus aquaticus as an Integrative Eco-Evolutionary Model System. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.748212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between organisms and their environments are central to how biological diversity arises and how natural populations and ecosystems respond to environmental change. These interactions involve processes by which phenotypes are affected by or respond to external conditions (e.g., via phenotypic plasticity or natural selection) as well as processes by which organisms reciprocally interact with the environment (e.g., via eco-evolutionary feedbacks). Organism-environment interactions can be highly dynamic and operate on different hierarchical levels, from genes and phenotypes to populations, communities, and ecosystems. Therefore, the study of organism-environment interactions requires integrative approaches and model systems that are suitable for studies across different hierarchical levels. Here, we introduce the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus, a keystone species and an emerging invertebrate model system, as a prime candidate to address fundamental questions in ecology and evolution, and the interfaces therein. We review relevant fields of research that have used A. aquaticus and draft a set of specific scientific questions that can be answered using this species. Specifically, we propose that studies on A. aquaticus can help understanding (i) the influence of host-microbiome interactions on organismal and ecosystem function, (ii) the relevance of biotic interactions in ecosystem processes, and (iii) how ecological conditions and evolutionary forces facilitate phenotypic diversification.
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21
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Wang Y, Liu M, Chen Y, Zeng T, Lu X, Yang B, Wang Y, Zhang L, Nie X, Xiao F, Zhang Z, Sun J. Plants and Microbes Mediate the Shift in Ecosystem Multifunctionality From Low to High Patterns Across Alpine Grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:760599. [PMID: 34721489 PMCID: PMC8554250 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.760599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Both plant communities and soil microbes have been reported to be correlated with ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the process and mechanism of aboveground and belowground communities on different EMF patterns are not clear. In order to explore different response patterns and mechanisms of EMF, we divided EMF into low (<0) and high patterns (>0). We found that there were contrasting patterns of low and high EMF in the alpine grassland ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau. Specifically, compared with low EMF, environmental factors showed higher sensitivity to high EMF. Soil properties are critical factors that mediate the impact of community functions on low EMF based on the change of partial correlation coefficients from 0 to 0.24. In addition, plant community functions and microbial biomass may mediate the shift of EMF from low to high patterns through the driving role of climate across the alpine grassland ecosystem. Our findings will be vital to clarify the mechanism for the stability properties of grassland communities and ecosystems under ongoing and future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Management Science and Engineering, Guangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanning, China
- School of Life Sciences and School of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biological Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Youchao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuyang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Command Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing, China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feipeng Xiao
- College of Management Science and Engineering, Guangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanning, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Management Science and Engineering, Guangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Species richness is more important for ecosystem functioning than species turnover along an elevational gradient. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:1582-1593. [PMID: 34545216 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many experiments have shown that biodiversity enhances ecosystem functioning. However, we have little understanding of how environmental heterogeneity shapes the effect of diversity on ecosystem functioning and to what extent this diversity effect is mediated by variation in species richness or species turnover. This knowledge is crucial to scaling up the results of experiments from local to regional scales. Here we quantify the diversity effect and its components-that is, the contributions of variation in species richness and species turnover-for 22 ecosystem functions of microorganisms, plants and animals across 13 major ecosystem types on Mt Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Environmental heterogeneity across ecosystem types on average increased the diversity effect from explaining 49% to 72% of the variation in ecosystem functions. In contrast to our expectation, the diversity effect was more strongly mediated by variation in species richness than by species turnover. Our findings reveal that environmental heterogeneity strengthens the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and that species richness is a stronger driver of ecosystem functioning than species turnover. Based on a broad range of taxa and ecosystem functions in a non-experimental system, these results are in line with predictions from biodiversity experiments and emphasize that conserving biodiversity is essential for maintaining ecosystem functioning.
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23
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Hagan JG, Vanschoenwinkel B, Gamfeldt L. We should not necessarily expect positive relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in observational field data. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2537-2548. [PMID: 34532926 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Our current, empirical understanding of the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function is based on two information sources. First, controlled experiments which show generally positive relationships. Second, observational field data which show variable relationships. This latter source coupled with a lack of observed declines in local biodiversity has led to the argument that biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships may be uninformative for conservation and management. We review ecological theory and re-analyse several biodiversity datasets to argue that ecosystem function correlations with local diversity in observational field data are often difficult to interpret in the context of biodiversity-ecosystem function research. This occurs because biotic interactions filter species during community assembly which means that there can be a high biodiversity effect on functioning even with low observed local diversity. Our review indicates that we should not necessarily expect any specific relationship between local biodiversity and ecosystem function in observational field data. Rather, linking predictions from biodiversity-ecosystem function theory and experiments to observational field data requires considering the pool of species available during colonisation: the local species pool. We suggest that, even without local biodiversity declines, biodiversity loss at regional scales-which determines local species pools-may still negatively affect ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Hagan
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bram Vanschoenwinkel
- Community Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Centre for Environment Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Lars Gamfeldt
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Sea and Society, Gothenburg, Sweden
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24
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Ashford OS, Guan S, Capone D, Rigney K, Rowley K, Cordes EE, Cortés J, Rouse GW, Mendoza GF, Sweetman AK, Levin LA. Relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning proxies strengthen when approaching chemosynthetic deep-sea methane seeps. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210950. [PMID: 34403635 PMCID: PMC8370799 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As biodiversity loss accelerates globally, understanding environmental influence over biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships becomes crucial for ecosystem management. Theory suggests that resource supply affects the shape of BEF relationships, but this awaits detailed investigation in marine ecosystems. Here, we use deep-sea chemosynthetic methane seeps and surrounding sediments as natural laboratories in which to contrast relationships between BEF proxies along with a gradient of trophic resource availability (higher resource methane seep, to lower resource photosynthetically fuelled deep-sea habitats). We determined sediment fauna taxonomic and functional trait biodiversity, and quantified bioturbation potential (BPc), calcification degree, standing stock and density as ecosystem functioning proxies. Relationships were strongly unimodal in chemosynthetic seep habitats, but were undetectable in transitional 'chemotone' habitats and photosynthetically dependent deep-sea habitats. In seep habitats, ecosystem functioning proxies peaked below maximum biodiversity, perhaps suggesting that a small number of specialized species are important in shaping this relationship. This suggests that absolute biodiversity is not a good metric of ecosystem 'value' at methane seeps, and that these deep-sea environments may require special management to maintain ecosystem functioning under human disturbance. We promote further investigation of BEF relationships in non-traditional resource environments and emphasize that deep-sea conservation should consider 'functioning hotspots' alongside biodiversity hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver S Ashford
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92007, USA
| | - Shuzhe Guan
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92007, USA
| | - Dante Capone
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92007, USA.,University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Katherine Rigney
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92007, USA.,Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
| | - Katelynn Rowley
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92007, USA
| | - Erik E Cordes
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Temple, PA 19122, USA
| | - Jorge Cortés
- CIMAR, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Greg W Rouse
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92007, USA
| | - Guillermo F Mendoza
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92007, USA
| | - Andrew K Sweetman
- The Lyell Centre for Earth and Marine Science and Technology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lisa A Levin
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92007, USA.,Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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25
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Fitzgerald M, Gonzalez K, Funk JL, Whitcraft CR, Allen BJ. Recovering ecosystem functions in a restored salt marsh by leveraging positive effects of biodiversity. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Fitzgerald
- Department of Biological Sciences California State University Long Beach California 90840 USA
- Water Division, Wetland Section U.S. Environmental Protection Agency San Francisco California 94105 USA
| | - Karla Gonzalez
- Department of Biological Sciences California State University Long Beach California 90840 USA
| | - Jennifer L. Funk
- Schmid College of Science and Technology Chapman University Orange California 92866 USA
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Christine R. Whitcraft
- Department of Biological Sciences California State University Long Beach California 90840 USA
| | - Bengt J. Allen
- Department of Biological Sciences California State University Long Beach California 90840 USA
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26
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Causes and consequences of pattern diversification in a spatially self-organizing microbial community. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:2415-2426. [PMID: 33664433 PMCID: PMC8319339 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00942-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Surface-attached microbial communities constitute a vast amount of life on our planet. They contribute to all major biogeochemical cycles, provide essential services to our society and environment, and have important effects on human health and disease. They typically consist of different interacting genotypes that arrange themselves non-randomly across space (referred to hereafter as spatial self-organization). While spatial self-organization is important for the functioning, ecology, and evolution of these communities, the underlying determinants of spatial self-organization remain unclear. Here, we performed a combination of experiments, statistical modeling, and mathematical simulations with a synthetic cross-feeding microbial community consisting of two isogenic strains. We found that two different patterns of spatial self-organization emerged at the same length and time scales, thus demonstrating pattern diversification. This pattern diversification was not caused by initial environmental heterogeneity or by genetic heterogeneity within populations. Instead, it was caused by nongenetic heterogeneity within populations, and we provide evidence that the source of this nongenetic heterogeneity is local differences in the initial spatial positionings of individuals. We further demonstrate that the different patterns exhibit different community-level properties; namely, they have different expansion speeds. Together, our results demonstrate that pattern diversification can emerge in the absence of initial environmental heterogeneity or genetic heterogeneity within populations and can affect community-level properties, thus providing novel insights into the causes and consequences of microbial spatial self-organization.
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27
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Kosicki JZ. The impact of artificial light at night on taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic bird species communities in a large geographical range: A modelling approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146434. [PMID: 33774297 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is currently recognised as an important environmental disturbance that influences habitats, fitness and behaviour of numerous organisms. However, its effect on bird community distribution on a large spatial scale still remains unclear. Therefore, I decided to use a predictive approach to test an assumption that artificial nightlight, as one of 73 predictors, determines taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic levels of an avian community. In order to safeguard inference from any inconsistency, I used not one but four indices describing functional diversity, two measures showing phylogenetic species richness, and one reflecting taxonomic diversity. For all these measures of species communities I developed two sets of Random Forest models: one set included ALAN as an additional predictor, while the other did not. Following cross validation tests as well as an independent evaluation of models, I demonstrated that artificial night light improved the performance of predictive models. Taxonomic species richness decreased linearly along with increasing artificial luminescence. Moreover, functional diversity showed a unimodal relation to ALAN, which meant that most niches were occupied on a moderate level of artificial lighting. Finally, phylogenetic diversity was under the highest pressure of ALAN, because even a minimal amount of artificial night lighting radically reduced this measure of biodiversity. On the basis of predictive maps, I also found that models which did not include urbanisation processes showed high values of avian biodiversity in regions where in fact they were low. Thus, I conclude that ALAN as a human footprint can play a key role when analysing the distribution of bird communities on large spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Z Kosicki
- Department of Avian Biology & Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61 - 614 Poznań, Poland.
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28
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Flöder S, Yong J, Klauschies T, Gaedke U, Poprick T, Brinkhoff T, Moorthi S. Intraspecific trait variation alters the outcome of competition in freshwater ciliates. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10225-10243. [PMID: 34367571 PMCID: PMC8328434 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trait variation among heterospecific and conspecific organisms may substantially affect community and food web dynamics. While the relevance of competition and feeding traits have been widely studied for different consumer species, studies on intraspecific differences are more scarce, partly owing to difficulties in distinguishing different clones of the same species. Here, we investigate how intraspecific trait variation affects the competition between the freshwater ciliates Euplotes octocarinatus and Coleps hirtus in a nitrogen-limited chemostat system. The ciliates competed for the microalgae Cryptomonas sp. (Cry) and Navicula pelliculosa (Nav), and the bacteria present in the cultures over a period of 33 days. We used monoclonal Euplotes and three different Coleps clones (Col 1, Col 2, and Col 3) in the experiment that could be distinguished by a newly developed rDNA-based molecular assay based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. While Euplotes feeds on Cry and on bacteria, the Coleps clones cannot survive on bacteria alone but feed on both Cry and Nav with clone-specific rates. Experimental treatments comprised two-species mixtures of Euplotes and one or all of the three different Coleps clones, respectively. We found intraspecific variation in the traits "selectivity" and "maximum ingestion rate" for the different algae to significantly affect the competitive outcome between the two ciliate species. As Nav quickly escaped top-down control and likely reached a state of low food quality, ciliate competition was strongly determined by the preference of different Coleps clones for Cry as opposed to feeding on Nav. In addition, the ability of Euplotes to use bacteria as an alternative food source strengthened its persistence once Cry was depleted. Hence, trait variation at both trophic levels codetermined the population dynamics and the outcome of species competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Flöder
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM)University of OldenburgWilhelmshavenGermany
| | - Joanne Yong
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM)University of OldenburgWilhelmshavenGermany
| | - Toni Klauschies
- Ecology and Ecosystem ModellingUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Ursula Gaedke
- Ecology and Ecosystem ModellingUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Tobias Poprick
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM)University of OldenburgWilhelmshavenGermany
| | - Thorsten Brinkhoff
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM)University of OldenburgWilhelmshavenGermany
| | - Stefanie Moorthi
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM)University of OldenburgWilhelmshavenGermany
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29
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Fontana S, Rasmann S, de Bello F, Pomati F, Moretti M. Reconciling trait based perspectives along a trait-integration continuum. Ecology 2021; 102:e03472. [PMID: 34260747 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Trait based ecology has developed fast in the last decades, aiming to both explain mechanisms of community assembly, and predict patterns in nature, such as the effects of biodiversity shifts on key ecosystem processes. This body of work has stimulated the development of several conceptual frameworks and analytical methods, as well as the production of trait databases covering a growing number of taxa and organizational levels (from individuals to guilds). However, this breeding ground of novel concepts and tools currently lacks a general and coherent framework, under which functional traits can help ecologists organize their research aims, and serve as the common currency to unify several scientific disciplines. Specifically, we see a need to bridge the gaps between community ecology, ecosystem ecology, and evolutionary biology, in order to address the most pressing environmental issues of our time. To achieve this integration goal, we define a trait-integration continuum, which reconciles alternative trait definitions and approaches in ecology. This continuum outlines a coherent progression of biological scales, along which traits interact and hierarchically integrate from genetic information, to whole organism fitness-related traits, to trait syndromes and functional groups. Our conceptual scheme proposes that lower-level trait integration is closer to the inference of ecoevolutionary mechanisms determining population and community properties, whereas higher-level trait integration is most suited to the prediction of ecosystem processes. Within these two extremes, trait integration varies on a continuous scale, which relates directly to the inductive-deductive loop that should characterize the scientific method. With our proposed framework, we aim to facilitate scientists in contextualising their research based on the trait-integration levels that matter most to their specific goals. Explicitly acknowledging the existence of a trait-integration continuum is a promising way for framing the appropriate questions, thus obtaining reliable answers and results that are comparable across studies and disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fontana
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland.,Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Straße 4, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Na Zlate Stoce 1, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic.,Desertification Research Centre (CIDE-CSIC), Carretera Moncada-Náquera, Km 4,5, Moncada (Valencia), 46113, Spain
| | - Francesco Pomati
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Marco Moretti
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
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30
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Lamy T, Pitz KJ, Chavez FP, Yorke CE, Miller RJ. Environmental DNA reveals the fine-grained and hierarchical spatial structure of kelp forest fish communities. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14439. [PMID: 34262101 PMCID: PMC8280230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity is changing at an accelerating rate at both local and regional scales. Beta diversity, which quantifies species turnover between these two scales, is emerging as a key driver of ecosystem function that can inform spatial conservation. Yet measuring biodiversity remains a major challenge, especially in aquatic ecosystems. Decoding environmental DNA (eDNA) left behind by organisms offers the possibility of detecting species sans direct observation, a Rosetta Stone for biodiversity. While eDNA has proven useful to illuminate diversity in aquatic ecosystems, its utility for measuring beta diversity over spatial scales small enough to be relevant to conservation purposes is poorly known. Here we tested how eDNA performs relative to underwater visual census (UVC) to evaluate beta diversity of marine communities. We paired UVC with 12S eDNA metabarcoding and used a spatially structured hierarchical sampling design to assess key spatial metrics of fish communities on temperate rocky reefs in southern California. eDNA provided a more-detailed picture of the main sources of spatial variation in both taxonomic richness and community turnover, which primarily arose due to strong species filtering within and among rocky reefs. As expected, eDNA detected more taxa at the regional scale (69 vs. 38) which accumulated quickly with space and plateaued at only ~ 11 samples. Conversely, the discovery rate of new taxa was slower with no sign of saturation for UVC. Based on historical records in the region (2000-2018) we found that 6.9 times more UVC samples would be required to detect 50 taxa compared to eDNA. Our results show that eDNA metabarcoding can outperform diver counts to capture the spatial patterns in biodiversity at fine scales with less field effort and more power than traditional methods, supporting the notion that eDNA is a critical scientific tool for detecting biodiversity changes in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lamy
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France.
| | - Kathleen J Pitz
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, 95039, USA
| | | | - Christie E Yorke
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Robert J Miller
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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31
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Ceulemans R, Guill C, Gaedke U. Top predators govern multitrophic diversity effects in tritrophic food webs. Ecology 2021; 102:e03379. [PMID: 33937982 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that functional diversity strongly affects ecosystem functioning. However, even in rather simple model communities consisting of only two or, at best, three trophic levels, the relationship between multitrophic functional diversity and ecosystem functioning appears difficult to generalize, because of its high contextuality. In this study, we considered several differently structured tritrophic food webs, in which the amount of functional diversity was varied independently on each trophic level. To achieve generalizable results, largely independent of parametrization, we examined the outcomes of 128,000 parameter combinations sampled from ecologically plausible intervals, with each tested for 200 randomly sampled initial conditions. Analysis of our data was done by training a random forest model. This method enables the identification of complex patterns in the data through partial dependence graphs, and the comparison of the relative influence of model parameters, including the degree of diversity, on food-web properties. We found that bottom-up and top-down effects cascade simultaneously throughout the food web, intimately linking the effects of functional diversity of any trophic level to the amount of diversity of other trophic levels, which may explain the difficulty in unifying results from previous studies. Strikingly, only with high diversity throughout the whole food web, different interactions synergize to ensure efficient exploitation of the available nutrients and efficient biomass transfer to higher trophic levels, ultimately leading to a high biomass and production on the top level. The temporal variation of biomass showed a more complex pattern with increasing multitrophic diversity: while the system initially became less variable, eventually the temporal variation rose again because of the increasingly complex dynamical patterns. Importantly, top predator diversity and food-web parameters affecting the top trophic level were of highest importance to determine the biomass and temporal variability of any trophic level. Overall, our study reveals that the mechanisms by which diversity influences ecosystem functioning are affected by every part of the food web, hampering the extrapolation of insights from simple monotrophic or bitrophic systems to complex natural food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Ceulemans
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Potsdam, 14469, Germany
| | - Christian Guill
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Potsdam, 14469, Germany
| | - Ursula Gaedke
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Potsdam, 14469, Germany
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32
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Wang X, Fang L, Beiyuan J, Cui Y, Peng Q, Zhu S, Wang M, Zhang X. Improvement of alfalfa resistance against Cd stress through rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi co-inoculation in Cd-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116758. [PMID: 33652182 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) are important symbiotic microbes that are advantageous to plants growing in metal-contaminated soil. However, it remains unclear how inoculated microbes affect rhizosphere microbial communities or whether subsequent changes in rhizosphere microbiomes contribute to improving plant resistance under metal stress. This study investigated the effects of rhizobia and AMF inoculation on alfalfa resistance to Cd stress. The response of rhizosphere microbial communities to inoculation and its role in increasing alfalfa' ability to cope with stress were further analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of 16S and ITS rRNA genes. Results showed that single rhizobia or AMF inoculation significantly improved alfalfa resistance to Cd stress, while their co-inoculation resulted in the greatest overall improvement. Improved resistance was reflected by the significant mitigation of Cd-induced lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress caused by increases in antioxidant enzyme activities along with co-inoculation. Furthermore, co-inoculation significantly altered the rhizosphere microbial community structure by decreasing fungal community diversity and increasing bacterial community diversity. Results of partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) and variation partitioning analysis (VPA) showed that the rhizosphere bacterial community predominated over the fungal community with respected to improvements in resistance to Cd stress under the co-inoculation treatments. This improvement was specifically seen in the enrichment of certain key bacterial taxa (including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi) induced by the rhizobia and AMF co-inoculation, enhancing alfalfa' ability to uptake rhizosphere nutrients and reduce its release of photosynthetically-derived carbon (C) into soil. Our findings revealed that the co-inoculation of multiple symbiotic microbes can assist plants to effectively cope with Cd stress, providing a greater understanding of rhizosphere bacterial taxa in the microbe-induced phytomanagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation CAS and MWR, Yangling, 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linchuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation CAS and MWR, Yangling, 712100, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Jingzi Beiyuan
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Yongxing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation CAS and MWR, Yangling, 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation CAS and MWR, Yangling, 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shilei Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Man Wang
- East China Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210007, China
| | - Xingchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation CAS and MWR, Yangling, 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Rudolf VHW, Eveland L. Ontogenetic diversity buffers communities against consequences of species loss. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1492-1504. [PMID: 33694228 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity can be measured at multiple organizational scales. While traditional studies have focused at taxonomic diversity, recent studies have emphasized the ecological importance of diversity within populations. However, it is unclear how these different scales of diversity interact to determine the consequence of species loss. Here we asked how predator diversity and presence of ontogenetic diversity within predator populations influences community structure. Ontogenetic diversity arises from shifts in the traits and ecology of individuals during ontogeny and it is one of the biggest sources of intraspecific diversity. However, whether it dampens or strengthens the negative consequences of with species loss is poorly understood. To study the interaction of species diversity and ontogenetic diversity, we experimentally manipulated predator species diversity and diversity of developmental stages within focal predator species and analysed their joint effect on predator and prey survival, biomass and prey community structure in experimental pond systems. While individual effects of ontogenetic diversity were often species specific, losing predator species from the community often had a much smaller or no effect on prey survival, biomass or community structure when all predator populations had high ontogenetic diversity. Thus, ontogenetic diversity within populations buffered against some of the consequences of biodiversity loss at higher organizational levels. Because the experiment controlled mean per capita size and biomass across structured versus unstructured populations, this pattern was not driven by differences in biomass of predators. Instead, results suggest that effects were driven by changes in the functional roles and indirect interactions across and within species. This indicates that even if all environmental conditions are similar, differences in the intrinsic structure of populations can modify the consequences of biodiversity loss. Together, these results revealed the importance of ontogenetic diversity within species for strengthening the resilience of natural communities to consequences of biodiversity loss and emphasize the need to integrate biodiversity patterns across organizational scales.
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O'Leary J, Journeaux KL, Houthuijs K, Engel J, Sommer U, Viant MR, Eastwood DC, Müller C, Boddy L. Space and patchiness affects diversity-function relationships in fungal decay communities. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:720-731. [PMID: 33067587 PMCID: PMC8027639 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The space in which organisms live determines health and physicality, shaping the way in which they interact with their peers. Space, therefore, is critically important for species diversity and the function performed by individuals within mixed communities. The biotic and abiotic factors defined by the space that organisms occupy are ecologically significant and the difficulty in quantifying space-defined parameters within complex systems limits the study of ecological processes. Here, we overcome this problem using a tractable system whereby spatial heterogeneity in interacting fungal wood decay communities demonstrates that scale and patchiness of territory directly influence coexistence dynamics. Spatial arrangement in 2- and 3-dimensions resulted in measurable metabolic differences that provide evidence of a clear biological response to changing landscape architecture. This is of vital importance to microbial systems in all ecosystems globally, as our results demonstrate that community function is driven by the effects of spatial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade O'Leary
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Katie L Journeaux
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Kas Houthuijs
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Engel
- NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility-Metabolomics Node (NBAF-B), School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ulf Sommer
- NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility-Metabolomics Node (NBAF-B), School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark R Viant
- NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility-Metabolomics Node (NBAF-B), School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Carsten Müller
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Lynne Boddy
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
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35
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Wolf KKE, Hoppe CJM, Leese F, Weiss M, Rost B, Neuhaus S, Gross T, Kühne N, John U. Revealing environmentally driven population dynamics of an Arctic diatom using a novel microsatellite PoolSeq barcoding approach. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:3809-3824. [PMID: 33559305 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ecological stability under environmental change is determined by both interspecific and intraspecific processes. Particularly for planktonic microorganisms, it is challenging to follow intraspecific dynamics over space and time. We propose a new method, microsatellite PoolSeq barcoding (MPB), for tracing allele frequency changes in protist populations. We successfully applied this method to experimental community incubations and field samples of the diatom Thalassiosira hyalina from the Arctic, a rapidly changing ecosystem. Validation of the method found compelling accuracy in comparison with established genotyping approaches within different diversity contexts. In experimental and environmental samples, we show that MPB can detect meaningful patterns of population dynamics, resolving allelic stability and shifts within a key diatom species in response to experimental treatments as well as different bloom phases and years. Through our novel MPB approach, we produced a large dataset of populations at different time-points and locations with comparably little effort. Results like this can add insights into the roles of selection and plasticity in natural protist populations under stable experimental but also variable field conditions. Especially for organisms where genotype sampling remains challenging, MPB holds great potential to efficiently resolve eco-evolutionary dynamics and to assess the mechanisms and limits of resilience to environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara K E Wolf
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Clara J M Hoppe
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Florian Leese
- Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martina Weiss
- Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Björn Rost
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.,University of Bremen, FB2, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefan Neuhaus
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Thilo Gross
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.,University of Oldenburg, ICBM, Oldenburg, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Nancy Kühne
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Uwe John
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Oldenburg, Germany
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36
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Boch S, Saiz H, Allan E, Schall P, Prati D, Schulze ED, Hessenmöller D, Sparrius LB, Fischer M. Direct and Indirect Effects of Management Intensity and Environmental Factors on the Functional Diversity of Lichens in Central European Forests. Microorganisms 2021; 9:463. [PMID: 33672221 PMCID: PMC7926786 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Using 642 forest plots from three regions in Germany, we analyzed the direct and indirect effects of forest management intensity and of environmental variables on lichen functional diversity (FDis). Environmental stand variables were affected by management intensity and acted as an environmental filter: summing direct and indirect effects resulted in a negative total effect of conifer cover on FDis, and a positive total effect of deadwood cover and standing tree biomass. Management intensity had a direct positive effect on FDis, which was compensated by an indirect negative effect via reduced standing tree biomass and lichen species richness, resulting in a negative total effect on FDis and the FDis of adaptation-related traits (FDisAd). This indicates environmental filtering of management and stronger niche partitioning at a lower intensity. In contrast, management intensity had a positive total effect on the FDis of reproduction-, dispersal- and establishment-related traits (FDisRe), mainly because of the direct negative effect of species richness, indicating functional over-redundancy, i.e., most species cluster into a few over-represented functional entities. Our findings have important implications for forest management: high lichen functional diversity can be conserved by promoting old, site-typical deciduous forests with a high richness of woody species and large deadwood quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Boch
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Saiz
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland; (H.S.); (E.A.); (D.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland; (H.S.); (E.A.); (D.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Peter Schall
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Daniel Prati
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland; (H.S.); (E.A.); (D.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Ernst-Detlef Schulze
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany; (E.-D.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Dominik Hessenmöller
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany; (E.-D.S.); (D.H.)
- Forstamt Schmalkalden, Thueringen Forst, Schlossberg 11, 98574 Schmalkalden, Germany
| | | | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland; (H.S.); (E.A.); (D.P.); (M.F.)
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37
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Yang JR, Yu X, Chen H, Kuo YM, Yang J. Structural and functional variations of phytoplankton communities in the face of multiple disturbances. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 100:287-297. [PMID: 33279042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The global decline of freshwater biodiversity caused by climate change and human activities are supposed to disrupt ecosystem services related to water quality and alter the structure and function of aquatic communities across space and time, yet the effects of the combination of these factors on plankton community ecosystem has received relatively little attention. This study aimed to explore the impacts of disturbances (e.g. human activity, temperature, precipitation, and water level) on phytoplankton community structure (i.e. community evenness and community composition) and function (i.e. resource use efficiency) in four subtropical reservoirs over 7 years from 2010 to 2016. Our results showed that community turnover (measured as community dissimilarity) was positively related to disturbance frequency, but no significant correlation was found between phytoplankton biodiversity (i.e. evenness) and disturbance frequency. Phytoplankton resource use efficiency (RUE = phytoplankton biomass/ total phosphorus) was increased with a higher frequency of disturbance with an exception of cyanobacteria. The RUE of Cyanobacteria and diatoms showed significantly negative correlations with their community evenness, while the RUE of Chlorophyta exhibited a positive correlation with their community turnover. We suggest that multiple environmental disturbances may play crucial roles in shaping the structure and functioning of plankton communities in subtropical reservoirs, and mechanism of this process can provide key information for freshwater uses, management and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun R Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland (Ministry of Education), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; Aquatic Ecohealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Aquatic Ecohealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Huihuang Chen
- Aquatic Ecohealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yi-Ming Kuo
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Aquatic Ecohealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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38
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Nelson M, Hosler SC, Boetzl FA, Jones HP, Barber NA. Reintroduced grazers and prescribed fire effects on beetle assemblage structure and function in restored grasslands. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02217. [PMID: 32810923 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ecological restoration seeks to reestablish functioning ecosystems, but planning and evaluation often focus on taxonomic community structure and neglect consumers and their functional roles. The functional trait composition of insect assemblages, which make up the majority of animal diversity in many systems, can reveal how they are affected by restoration management and the consequences for ecosystem function. We sampled ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages in restored tallgrass prairies varying in management with prescribed fire and reintroduced American bison (Bison bison) to describe their taxonomic and functional trait structure. We also measured seed and arthropod predation to relate management, beetle assemblage characteristics, and function, and to test if function is maximized by trait diversity, dominant trait values, or beetle abundance. Beetle assemblages primarily varied with restoration age, declining over time in richness and both taxonomic and functional diversity, but bison presence also influenced taxonomic composition. Prescribed fire reduced seed predation in summer and arthropod predation in fall. Although seed predation was unrelated to beetle assemblages, arthropod predation was greater in sites with higher abundances of carnivorous ground beetles. The relatively weak impacts of fire and bison on functional assemblage structure is a promising sign that these management disturbances, aimed at supporting a diverse native plant community, are not detrimental to beetle assemblages. The significance of reduced predator function following prescribed fire will depend on the restoration context and whether seed or arthropod predation relates to management goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, 155 Castle Dr. DeKalb, Chicago, Illinois, 60115, USA
| | - Sheryl C Hosler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, 155 Castle Dr. DeKalb, Chicago, Illinois, 60115, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60607, USA
| | - Fabian A Boetzl
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holly P Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, 155 Castle Dr. DeKalb, Chicago, Illinois, 60115, USA
- Institute for the Study of the Environment, Sustainability, and Energy, Northern Illinois University, 155 Castle Dr. DeKalb, Chicago, Illinois, 60115, USA
| | - Nicholas A Barber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, 155 Castle Dr. DeKalb, Chicago, Illinois, 60115, USA
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California, 92182, USA
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39
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Effects of two measures of riparian plant biodiversity on litter decomposition and associated processes in stream microcosms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19682. [PMID: 33184346 PMCID: PMC7661703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant litter decomposition is a key ecosystem process that can be altered by global changes such as biodiversity loss. These effects can be particularly important in detritus-based ecosystems, such as headwater streams, which are mainly fuelled by allochthonous plant litter inputs. However, experiments examining effects of plant diversity on litter decomposition in streams have not reached consensus about which measures of biodiversity are more relevant. We explored the influence of two of these measures, plant species richness (SR; monocultures vs. 3-species mixtures) and phylogenetic distance (PD; species belonging to the same family vs. different families), on leaf litter decomposition and associated processes and variables (nutrient dynamics, fungal biomass and detritivore growth), in a stream microcosm experiment using litter from 9 tree species belonging to 3 families. We found a negative effect of SR on decomposition (which contradicted the results of previous experiments) but a positive effect on fungal biomass. While PD did not affect decomposition, both SR and PD altered nutrient dynamics: there was greater litter and detritivore N loss in low-PD mixtures, and greater litter P loss and detritivore P gain in monocultures. This suggested that the number of species in mixtures and the similarity of their traits both modulated nutrient availability and utilization by detritivores. Moreover, the greater fungal biomass with higher SR could imply positive effects on detritivores in the longer term. Our results provide new insights of the functional repercussions of biodiversity loss by going beyond the often-explored relationship between SR and decomposition, and reveal an influence of plant species phylogenetic relatedness on nutrient cycling that merits further investigation.
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40
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Chang CW, Ye H, Miki T, Deyle ER, Souissi S, Anneville O, Adrian R, Chiang YR, Ichise S, Kumagai M, Matsuzaki SIS, Shiah FK, Wu JT, Hsieh CH, Sugihara G. Long-term warming destabilizes aquatic ecosystems through weakening biodiversity-mediated causal networks. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:6413-6423. [PMID: 32869344 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how ecosystems will respond to climate changes requires unravelling the network of functional responses and feedbacks among biodiversity, physicochemical environments, and productivity. These ecosystem components not only change over time but also interact with each other. Therefore, investigation of individual relationships may give limited insights into their interdependencies and limit ability to predict future ecosystem states. We address this problem by analyzing long-term (16-39 years) time series data from 10 aquatic ecosystems and using convergent cross mapping (CCM) to quantify the causal networks linking phytoplankton species richness, biomass, and physicochemical factors. We determined that individual quantities (e.g., total species richness or nutrients) were not significant predictors of ecosystem stability (quantified as long-term fluctuation of phytoplankton biomass); rather, the integrated causal pathway in the ecosystem network, composed of the interactions among species richness, nutrient cycling, and phytoplankton biomass, was the best predictor of stability. Furthermore, systems that experienced stronger warming over time had both weakened causal interactions and larger fluctuations. Thus, rather than thinking in terms of separate factors, a more holistic network view, that causally links species richness and the other ecosystem components, is required to understand and predict climate impacts on the temporal stability of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Chang
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao Ye
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Takeshi Miki
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ethan R Deyle
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sami Souissi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte D'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire D'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Lille, France
| | - Orlane Anneville
- French Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CARRTEL, Thonon les Bains, France
| | - Rita Adrian
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, IGB, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yin-Ru Chiang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Michio Kumagai
- Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute, Otsu, Japan
- Lake Biwa Sigma Research Center, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro S Matsuzaki
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Fuh-Kwo Shiah
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Tzong Wu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Hsieh
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - George Sugihara
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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41
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Jarzyna MA, Quintero I, Jetz W. Global functional and phylogenetic structure of avian assemblages across elevation and latitude. Ecol Lett 2020; 24:196-207. [PMID: 33124188 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mountain systems are exceptionally species rich, yet the associated elevational gradients in functional and phylogenetic diversity and their consistency across latitude remain little understood. Here, we document how avian functional and phylogenetic diversity and structure vary along all major elevational gradients worldwide and uncover strong latitudinal differences. Assemblages in warm tropical lowlands and cold temperate highlands are marked by high functional overdispersion and distinctiveness, whereas tropical highlands and temperate lowlands appear strongly functionally clustered and redundant. We additionally find strong geographic variation in the interplay of phylogenetic and functional structure, with strongest deviations between the two in temperate highlands. This latitudinal and elevational variation in assemblage functional structure is underpinned by nuanced shifts in the position, shape and composition of multivariate trait space. We find that, independent of latitude, high-elevation assemblages emerge as exceptionally susceptible to functional change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Jarzyna
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 318 W. 12th Avenue, 300 Aronoff Laboratory, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, 1760 Neil Avenue, 175 Pomerene Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Ignacio Quintero
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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42
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Jochum M, Fischer M, Isbell F, Roscher C, van der Plas F, Boch S, Boenisch G, Buchmann N, Catford JA, Cavender-Bares J, Ebeling A, Eisenhauer N, Gleixner G, Hölzel N, Kattge J, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Lange M, Le Provost G, Meyer ST, Molina-Venegas R, Mommer L, Oelmann Y, Penone C, Prati D, Reich PB, Rindisbacher A, Schäfer D, Scheu S, Schmid B, Tilman D, Tscharntke T, Vogel A, Wagg C, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wilcke W, Manning P. The results of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiments are realistic. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:1485-1494. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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43
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Johnson DR, Pomati F. A brief guide for the measurement and interpretation of microbial functional diversity. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:3039-3048. [PMID: 32608092 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The importance of functional diversity for the functioning and behaviour of microbial communities is clear, yet the widespread incorporation of functional diversity measurements into environmental microbiology study designs remains surprisingly limited. This may, at least to some extent, be a consequence of the unique conceptual and methodological challenges to measuring functional diversity in microbial communities. To facilitate the increased incorporation of functional diversity measurements into environmental microbiology study designs, we review here the process and some key caveats for measuring functional diversity and provide specific examples. We highlight three main decision points and provide guidance to making these decisions based on the underlying mechanisms for how functional diversity relates to an ecosystem process or property of interest. We discuss the selection of an appropriate type of functional trait, selection of the specificity at which functional diversity will be measured, and selection of an appropriate metric for estimating functional diversity from quantitative measures of those traits. We further discuss decisions regarding the use of one- or multi-dimensional measures of functional diversity and how advances in the field of trait-based community ecology could be applied or adapted to address questions in environmental microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Johnson
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Pomati
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Integrative Biology, ETHZ, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Zhang H, Amesbury MJ, Piilo SR, Garneau M, Gallego-Sala A, Väliranta MM. Recent Changes in Peatland Testate Amoeba Functional Traits and Hydrology Within a Replicated Site Network in Northwestern Québec, Canada. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Borics G, Abonyi A, Salmaso N, Ptacnik R. Freshwater phytoplankton diversity: models, drivers and implications for ecosystem properties. HYDROBIOLOGIA 2020; 848:53-75. [PMID: 32836348 PMCID: PMC7334633 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-020-04332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding on phytoplankton diversity has largely been progressing since the publication of Hutchinson on the paradox of the plankton. In this paper, we summarise some major steps in phytoplankton ecology in the context of mechanisms underlying phytoplankton diversity. Here, we provide a framework for phytoplankton community assembly and an overview of measures on taxonomic and functional diversity. We show how ecological theories on species competition together with modelling approaches and laboratory experiments helped understand species coexistence and maintenance of diversity in phytoplankton. The non-equilibrium nature of phytoplankton and the role of disturbances in shaping diversity are also discussed. Furthermore, we discuss the role of water body size, productivity of habitats and temperature on phytoplankton species richness, and how diversity may affect the functioning of lake ecosystems. At last, we give an insight into molecular tools that have emerged in the last decades and argue how it has broadened our perspective on microbial diversity. Besides historical backgrounds, some critical comments have also been made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Borics
- Department of Tisza Research, Centre for Ecological Research, Danube Research Institute, Bem tér 18/c, 4026 Debrecen, Hungary
- GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecological Research, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, 8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - András Abonyi
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Alkotmány u. 2-4, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
- WasserCluster Lunz – Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser-Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Nico Salmaso
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Robert Ptacnik
- WasserCluster Lunz – Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser-Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
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López-Rojo N, Pérez J, Pozo J, Basaguren A, Apodaka-Etxebarria U, Correa-Araneda F, Boyero L. Shifts in Key Leaf Litter Traits Can Predict Effects of Plant Diversity Loss on Decomposition in Streams. Ecosystems 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00511-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Seena S, Casotti C, Cornut J. Inter- and intraspecific functional variability of aquatic fungal decomposers and freshwater ecosystem processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135570. [PMID: 31784168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Although considerable intraspecific trait variation is common, research dedicated to ecosystem functioning has focused mainly on species diversity. Organic matter breakdown, a key ecosystem-level process in woodland streams is mainly driven by aquatic hyphomycetes. These aquatic fungal decomposers constitute a critical link between plant litter and invertebrate detritivores in detritus-based food webs in streams. In this study, we evaluated the functional variability across a set of ten isolates each belonging to five widespread aquatic hyphomycete species, namely Articulospora tetracladia, Anguillospora crassa, Lemonniera terrestris, Neonectria lugdunensis and Tetracladium marchalianum. All the isolates originated from undisturbed streams. We estimated inter- and intraspecific variability on growth rates, litter decomposition and sporulation rates of the isolates. In addition, we also assessed the invertebrate consumption rates on leaves colonized by different isolates. Significant differences were observed within the fungal species in growth rates (A. crassa, L. terrestris, N. lugdunensis and T. marchalianum), leaf litter decomposition (A. tetracladia, L. terrestris and N. lugdunensis) and sporulation rates (A. crassa, A. tetracladia, L. terrestris and N. lugdunensis). The relative consumption rates of the shredder Schizopelex festiva significantly differed when fed with leaves colonized by isolates of L. terrestris and N. lugdunensis, however differences were not seen when fed with leaves conditioned by different species. Overall, results indicate substantial intraspecific functional variability among the isolates of aquatic hyphomycetes. Besides, our study also provides a novel insight that intraspecific functional variability is a natural phenomenon exhibited by isolates not only from polluted but also from undisturbed streams. Here the isolates demonstrated marked inter- and intraspecific functional variability, calling for a greater understanding of the functional role of aquatic hyphomycetes and its ability to influence higher trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahadevan Seena
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, PT-3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Cinthia Casotti
- Laboratory of Aquatic Insect Ecology, University of Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Julien Cornut
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, PT-3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, via Mirasole 22A, 6501 Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Dib V, Pires APF, Casa Nova C, Bozelli RL, Farjalla VF. Biodiversity‐mediated effects on ecosystem functioning depend on the type and intensity of environmental disturbances. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Dib
- Depto de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
- Int. Inst. for Sustainability Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Aliny P. F. Pires
- Univ. do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, IBRAG, Depto de Ecologia Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil
- Fundação Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Clarice Casa Nova
- Depto de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Reinaldo L. Bozelli
- Depto de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Vinicius F. Farjalla
- Depto de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
- Brazilian Research Network on Climate Change – Rede Clima, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais São José dos Campos SP Brazil
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More Than a Functional Group: Diversity within the Legume–Rhizobia Mutualism and Its Relationship with Ecosystem Function. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies of biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF) have long focused on the role of nitrogen (N)-fixing legumes as a functional group that occupies a distinct and important niche relative to other plants. Because of their relationship with N-fixing rhizobial bacteria, these legumes access a different pool of N than other plants and therefore directly contribute to increases in productivity and N-cycling. Despite their recognized importance in the BEF literature, the field has not moved far beyond investigating the presence/absence of the legume functional group in species mixtures. Here, we synthesize existing information on how the diversity (species richness and functional diversity) of both legumes and the rhizobia that they host impact ecosystem functions, such as nitrogen fixation and primary productivity. We also discuss the often-overlooked reciprocal direction of the BEF relationship, whereby ecosystem function can influence legume and rhizobial diversity. We focus on BEF mechanisms of selection, complementarity, facilitation, competitive interference, and dilution effects to explain how diversity in the legume–rhizobia mutualism can have either positive or negative effects on ecosystem function—mechanisms that can operate at scales from rhizobial communities affecting individual legume functions to legume communities affecting landscape-scale ecosystem functions. To fully understand the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function, we must incorporate the full diversity of this mutualism and its reciprocal relationship with ecosystem function into our evolving BEF framework.
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Schälicke S, Teubner J, Martin-Creuzburg D, Wacker A. Fitness response variation within and among consumer species can be co-mediated by food quantity and biochemical quality. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16126. [PMID: 31695099 PMCID: PMC6834596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52538-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In natural heterogeneous environments, the fitness of animals is strongly influenced by the availability and composition of food. Food quantity and biochemical quality constraints may affect individual traits of consumers differently, mediating fitness response variation within and among species. Using a multifactorial experimental approach, we assessed population growth rate, fecundity, and survival of six strains of the two closely related freshwater rotifer species Brachionus calyciflorus sensu stricto and Brachionus fernandoi. Therefore, rotifers fed low and high concentrations of three algal species differing in their biochemical food quality. Additionally, we explored the potential of a single limiting biochemical nutrient to mediate variations in population growth response. Therefore, rotifers fed a sterol-free alga, which we supplemented with cholesterol-containing liposomes. Co-limitation by food quantity and biochemical food quality resulted in differences in population growth rates among strains, but not between species, although effects on fecundity and survival differed between species. The effect of cholesterol supplementation on population growth was strain-specific but not species-specific. We show that fitness response variations within and among species can be mediated by biochemical food quality. Dietary constraints thus may act as evolutionary drivers on physiological traits of consumers, which may have strong implications for various ecological interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Schälicke
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, D-14469, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Johannes Teubner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, D-14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Wacker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, D-14469, Potsdam, Germany
- Animal Ecology group, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Str. 26, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
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