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Yu L, Zhang Z, Liu P, Zhou L, Tan S, Kuang S. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Diversity in Sophora japonica Rhizosphere at Different Altitudes and Lithologies. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:340. [PMID: 38786696 PMCID: PMC11121806 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play a key role in mediating soil-plant relationships within karst ecosystems. Sophora japonica, a medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties, is widely cultivated in karst areas of Guangxi, China. We considered limestone, dolomite, and sandstone at altitudes ranging from 100 to 800 m and employed Illumina sequencing to evaluate AMF diversity and identify the factors driving S. japonica rhizosphere AMF community changes. We showed that the increase in altitude increased S. japonica AMF colonization and the Shannon index. The colonization of limestone plots was higher than that of other lithology. In total, 3,096,236 sequences and 5767 OTUs were identified in S. japonica rhizosphere soil. Among these, 270 OTUs were defined at the genus level and divided into 7 genera and 35 species. Moreover, available nitrogen, soil organic matter, and available calcium content had a coupling effect and positive influence on AMF colonization and Shannon and Chao1 indices. Conversely, available phosphorus, available potassium, and available magnesium negatively affected AMF Shannon and Chao1 indices. Lithology, altitude, pH, and available phosphorus are important factors that affect the dynamics of AMF in the S. japonica rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Yu
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China; (L.Y.); (L.Z.); (S.T.)
- College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China; (L.Y.); (L.Z.); (S.T.)
| | - Peiyuan Liu
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China; (L.Y.); (L.Z.); (S.T.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Longwu Zhou
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China; (L.Y.); (L.Z.); (S.T.)
| | - Shuhui Tan
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China; (L.Y.); (L.Z.); (S.T.)
| | - Shitou Kuang
- Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Quanzhou County, Guilin 541599, China;
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Liu L, Gao Z, Li H, Yang W, Yang Y, Lin J, Wang Z, Liu J. Thresholds of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Input Substantially Alter Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities and Wheat Yield in Dryland Farmland. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10236-10246. [PMID: 38647353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are essential for preserving the multifunctionality of ecosystems. The nitrogen (N)/phosphorus (P) threshold that causes notable variations in the AM fungus community of the soil and plant productivity is still unclear. Herein, a long-term (18 years) field experiment with five N and five P fertilizer levels was conducted to investigate the change patterns of soil AM fungus, multifunctionality, and wheat yield. High-N and -P fertilizer inputs did not considerably increase the wheat yield. In the AM fungal network, a statistically significant positive correlation was observed between ecosystem multifunctionality and the biodiversity of two primary ecological clusters (N: Module #0 and P: Module #3). Furthermore, fertilizer input thresholds for N (92-160 kg ha-1) and P (78-100 kg ha-1) significantly altered the AM fungal community, soil characteristics, and plant productivity. Our study provided a basis for reduced N and P fertilizer application and sustainable agricultural development from the aspect of soil AM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiangyun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jinshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Chen X, Zhu Y, Feng M, Li J, Shi M. Community responses of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi to hydrological gradients in a riparian Phragmites australis wetland. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11271. [PMID: 38617102 PMCID: PMC11009486 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The hydrological regime is considered to be the major factor that affects the distribution of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi in wetlands. We aimed to investigate the responses of AM fungal community to different hydrological gradients. Illumina Miseq sequencing technology was used to study the AM fungal community structure in roots and rhizosphere soils of Phragmites australis in different moisture areas (dry area, alternating wet and dry area, and flooded area) in Mengjin Yellow River wetland. The rhizosphere soils and roots hosted different AM fungal communities. In roots, the AM fungal colonization and Chao1 richness in dry area were significantly higher than that in alternating wet and dry area and flooded area, but the community composition did not vary clearly under different water conditions. In rhizosphere soils, the Chao1 richness of AM fungi in flooded area was significantly higher than that in alternating wet and dry area and dry area, and the AM fungal community structure obviously differed across different areas. The redundancy analyses indicated that changes in the AM fungal community in soils were associated with altered soil properties, and the abundance of the dominant genus Glomus was mostly positively correlated with alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in soils. This study helps us to understand the responses of AM fungal community to hydrological gradients in wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐dong Chen
- College of Life ScienceLuoyang Normal UniversityLuoyangChina
- West Henan Yellow River Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research StationLuoyang Normal UniversityLuoyangChina
| | - Ying Zhu
- College of Life ScienceLuoyang Normal UniversityLuoyangChina
| | - Mei‐na Feng
- College of Life ScienceLuoyang Normal UniversityLuoyangChina
| | - Ji‐hang Li
- College of Life ScienceLuoyang Normal UniversityLuoyangChina
| | - Ming‐yan Shi
- College of Life ScienceLuoyang Normal UniversityLuoyangChina
- West Henan Yellow River Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research StationLuoyang Normal UniversityLuoyangChina
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Zhang C, Xiang X, Yang T, Liu X, Ma Y, Zhang K, Liu X, Chu H. Nitrogen fertilization reduces plant diversity by changing the diversity and stability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in a temperate steppe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170775. [PMID: 38331277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition resulting from anthropogenic activities poses threats to ecosystem stability by reducing plant and microbial diversity. However, the role of soil microbes, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as mediators of N-induced shifts in plant diversity remains unclear. In this study, we conducted 6 and 11 years of N addition field experiments in a temperate steppe to investigate AMF richness and network stability and their associations with plant species richness in response to N deposition. The N fertilization, especially in the 11 years of N addition, profoundly decreased the AMF richness and plant species richness. Furthermore, N fertilization significantly decreased the AMF network complexity and stability, with these effects becoming more enhanced with the increase in N addition duration. AMF richness and network stability showed positive associations with plant diversity, and these associations were stronger after 11 than 6 years of N addition. Our findings suggest that N deposition may lead to plant diversity loss via a reduction of AMF richness and network stability, with these effects strengthened over time. This study provides a better understanding of plant-AMF interactions and their response to the prevailing global N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingjia Xiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Teng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaoping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management (SKL-NUM), College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Cheng Y, Rutten G, Liu X, Ma M, Song Z, Maaroufi NI, Zhou S. Host plant height explains the effect of nitrogen enrichment on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:399-411. [PMID: 37482960 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) enrichment is widely known to affect the root-associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community in different ways, for example, via altering soil properties and/or shifting host plant functional structure. However, empirical knowledge of their relative importance is still lacking. Using a long-term N addition experiment, we measured the AMF community taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity at the single plant species (roots of 15 plant species) and plant community (mixed roots) levels. We also measured four functional traits of 35 common plant species along the N addition gradient. We found divergent responses of AMF diversity to N addition for host plants with different innate heights (i.e. plant natural height under unfertilized treatment). Furthermore, our data showed that species-specific responses of AMF diversity to N addition were negatively related to the change in maximum plant height. When scaling up to the community level, N addition affected AMF diversity mainly through increasing the maximum plant height, rather than altering soil properties. Our results highlight the importance of plant height in driving AMF community dynamics under N enrichment at both species and community levels, thus providing important implications for understanding the response of AMF diversity to anthropogenic N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gemma Rutten
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems & College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Miaojun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems & College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhiping Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Nadia I Maaroufi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shurong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
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Zuzolo D, Ranauda MA, Maisto M, Tartaglia M, Prigioniero A, Falzarano A, Marotta G, Sciarrillo R, Guarino C. The rootstock shape microbial diversity and functionality in the rhizosphere of Vitis vinifera L. cultivar Falanghina. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1205451. [PMID: 37645461 PMCID: PMC10461393 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1205451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosphere effect occurring at the root-soil interface has increasingly been shown to play a key role in plant fitness and soil functionality, influencing plants resilience. Here, for the first time, we investigated whether the rootstock genotype on which Vitis vinifera L. cultivar Falanghina is grafted can influence the rhizosphere microbiome. Specifically, we evaluated to which extent the 5BB and 1103P rootstocks are able to shape microbial diversity of rhizosphere environment. Moreover, we explored the potential function of microbial community and its shift under plant genotype influence. We investigated seven vineyards subjected to the same pedo-climatic conditions, similar age, training system and management and collected twelve rhizosphere soil samples for metagenomic analyses and composite soil samples for physical-chemical properties. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis to investigate the rhizosphere bacterial diversity and composition. Liner discriminant analysis effect size (LEFSe) was conducted for metagenomic biomarker discovery. The functional composition of sampled communities was determined using PICRUSt, which is based on marker gene sequencing profiles. Soil analyses involved the determination of texture, pH, Cation Exchange Capacity (CSC), Organic Carbon (OC), electrical conductivity (EC), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) content, Phosphorous (P), nitrogen (N). The latter revealed that soil features were quite homogenous. The metagenomic data showed that the bacterial alpha-diversity (Observed OTUs) significantly increased in 1103P rhizosphere microbiota. Irrespective of cultivar, Pseudomonadota was the dominant phylum, followed by Actinomycetota > Bacteroidota > Thermoproteota. However, Actinomycetota was the major marker phyla differentiating the rhizosphere microbial communities associated with the different rootstock types. At the genus level, several taxa belonging to Actinomycetota and Alphaproteobacteria classes were enriched in 1103P genotype rhizosphere. Investigating the potential functional profile, we found that most key enzyme-encoding genes involved in N cycling were significantly more abundant in 5BB rootstock rhizosphere soil. However, we found that 1103P rhizosphere was enriched in genes involved in C cycle and Plant Growth Promotion (PGP) functionality. Our results suggest that the different rootstocks not only recruit specific bacterial communities, but also specific functional traits within the same environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Zuzolo
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Maria Maisto
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Maria Tartaglia
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Marotta
- Department of Law, Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods (DEMM), University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Rosaria Sciarrillo
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Carmine Guarino
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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Kakagianni M, Tsiknia M, Feka M, Vasileiadis S, Leontidou K, Kavroulakis N, Karamanoli K, Karpouzas DG, Ehaliotis C, Papadopoulou KK. Above- and below-ground microbiome in the annual developmental cycle of two olive tree varieties. FEMS MICROBES 2023; 4:xtad001. [PMID: 37333440 PMCID: PMC10117799 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The olive tree is a hallmark crop in the Mediterranean region. Its cultivation is characterized by an enormous variability in existing genotypes and geographical areas. As regards the associated microbial communities of the olive tree, despite progress, we still lack comprehensive knowledge in the description of these key determinants of plant health and productivity. Here, we determined the prokaryotic, fungal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) microbiome in below- (rhizospheric soil, roots) and above-ground (phyllosphere and carposphere) plant compartments of two olive varieties 'Koroneiki' and 'Chondrolia Chalkidikis' grown in Southern and Northern Greece respectively, in five developmental stages along a full fruit-bearing season. Distinct microbial communities were supported in above- and below-ground plant parts; while the former tended to be similar between the two varieties/locations, the latter were location specific. In both varieties/locations, a seasonally stable root microbiome was observed over time; in contrast the plant microbiome in the other compartments were prone to changes over time, which may be related to seasonal environmental change and/or to plant developmental stage. We noted that olive roots exhibited an AMF-specific filtering effect (not observed for bacteria and general fungi) onto the rhizosphere AMF communities of the two olive varieties/locations/, leading to the assemblage of homogenous intraradical AMF communities. Finally, shared microbiome members between the two olive varieties/locations include bacterial and fungal taxa with putative functional attributes that may contribute to olive tree tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrsini Kakagianni
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Temponera str, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Myrto Tsiknia
- Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Maria Feka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Sotirios Vasileiadis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Kleopatra Leontidou
- Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Nektarios Kavroulakis
- Institute for Olive Tree, Subtropical Plants and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “ELGO-Dimitra”, Agrokipio-Souda, 73164 Chania, Greece
| | - Katerina Karamanoli
- Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Karpouzas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Constantinos Ehaliotis
- Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Kalliope K Papadopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
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Chen L, Wang M, Shi Y, Ma P, Xiao Y, Yu H, Ding J. Soil phosphorus form affects the advantages that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi confer on the invasive plant species, Solidago canadensis, over its congener. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1160631. [PMID: 37125154 PMCID: PMC10140316 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1160631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are strongly affected by soil phosphorus (P) availability. However, how P forms impact rhizosphere AMF diversity, community composition, and the co-occurrence network associated with native and invasive plants, and whether these changes in turn influence the invasiveness of alien species remain unclear. In this work, we performed a greenhouse experiment with the invasive species Solidago canadensis and its native congener S. decurrens to investigate how different forms of P altered the AMF community and evaluate how these changes were linked with the growth advantage of S. canadensis relative to S. decurrens. Plants were subjected to five different P treatments: no P addition (control), simple inorganic P (sodium dihydrogen phosphate, NaP), complex inorganic P (hydroxyapatite, CaP), simple organic P (adenosine monophosphate, AMP) and complex organic P (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, PA). Overall, invasive S. canadensis grew larger than native S. decurrens across all P treatments, and this growth advantage was strengthened when these species were grown in CaP and AMP treatments. The two Solidago species harbored divergent AMF communities, and soil P treatments significantly shifted AMF community composition. In particular, the differences in AMF diversity, community composition, topological features and keystone taxa of the co-occurrence networks between S. canadensis and S. decurrens were amplified when the dominant form of soil P was altered. Despite significant correlations between AMF alpha diversity, community structure, co-occurrence network composition and plant performance, we found that alpha diversity and keystone taxa of the AMF co-occurrence networks were the primary factors influencing plant growth and the growth advantage of invasive S. canadensis between soil P treatments. These results suggest that AMF could confer invasive plants with greater advantages over native congeners, depending on the forms of P in the soil, and emphasize the important roles of multiple AMF traits in plant invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Pinpin Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yali Xiao
- School of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Hongwei Yu, ; Jianqing Ding,
| | - Jianqing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Hongwei Yu, ; Jianqing Ding,
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9
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Legacy Effects of Biochar and Compost Addition on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community and Co-Occurrence Network in Black Soil. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112137. [DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compost and biochar are beneficial soil amendments which derived from agricultural waste, and their application was proven to be effective practices for promoting soil fertility. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form symbiotic associations with most crop plant species, and are recognized as one group of the most important soil microorganisms to increase food security in sustainable agriculture. To understand the legacy effects of compost and biochar addition on AM fungal communities, a field study was conducted on the Songnen Plain, Northeast China. Two years after application, compost addition improved soil aggregate stability, but we did not detect a legacy effect of compost addition on AM fungal community. Our results indicated that AM fungal Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness indices were significantly increased by one-time biochar addition, but unaffected by compost addition after two year’s application. PERMANOVA analysis also revealed a legacy effect of biochar addition on AM fungal community. Network analysis revealed a dramatically simplified AM fungal co-occurrence network and small network size in biochar added soils, demonstrated by their topological properties (e.g., low connectedness and betweenness). However, AM fungal community did not differ among aggregate fractions, as confirmed by the PERMANOVA analysis as well as the fact that only a small number of AM fungal OTUs were shared among aggregate fractions. Consequently, the current study highlights a stronger legacy effect of biochar than compost addition on AM fungi, and have implications for agricultural practices.
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Phenol and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Are Stronger Drivers Than Host Plant Species in Shaping the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Component of the Mycorrhizosphere. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012585. [PMID: 36293448 PMCID: PMC9604154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in soil microbial communities in response to hydrocarbon pollution are critical indicators of disturbed ecosystem conditions. A core component of these communities that is functionally adjusted to the life-history traits of the host and environmental factors consists of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). AMF communities associated with Poa trivialis and Phragmites australis growing at a phenol and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated site and at an uncontaminated site were compared based on LSU rDNA sequencing. Dissimilarities in species composition and community structures indicated soil pollution as the main factor negatively affecting the AMF diversity. The AMF communities at the contaminated site were dominated by fungal generalists (Rhizophagus, Funneliformis, Claroideoglomus, Paraglomus) with wide ecological tolerance. At the control site, the AMF communities were characterized by higher taxonomic and functional diversity than those exposed to the contamination. The host plant identity was the main driver distinguishing the two AMF metacommunities. The AMF communities at the uncontaminated site were represented by Polonospora, Paraglomus, Oehlia, Nanoglomus, Rhizoglomus, Dominikia, and Microdominikia. Polonosporaceae and Paraglomeraceae were particularly dominant in the Ph. australis mycorrhizosphere. The high abundance of early diverging AMF could be due to the use of primers able to detect lineages such as Paraglomeracae that have not been recognized by previously used 18S rDNA primers.
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Zhou Y, Chen K, Muneer MA, Li C, Shi H, Tang Y, Zhang J, Ji B. Soil moisture and pH differentially drive arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal composition in the riparian zone along an alpine river of Nam Co watershed. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:994918. [PMID: 36246247 PMCID: PMC9561679 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.994918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The riparian zone is an important ecological corridor connecting the upstream and downstream rivers. Its highly complex biological and physical environments significantly affect the biogeographical pattern of species and various ecosystem functions. However, in alpine riparian ecosystems, the distribution patterns and drivers of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, a group of functionally important root-associated microorganisms, remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the AM fungal diversity and community composition in near-bank (wetland) and far-bank (alpine meadows) soils along the Niaqu River in the Nam Co watershed, and assessed the relative importance of abiotic and biotic filtering in shaping these distributions. Overall, 184 OTUs were identified in the riparian ecosystem, predominantly belonging to the genus Glomus, especially in the downstream soils, and Claroideoglomus in near-bank soils. AM fungal colonization, spore density, and α diversity showed an overall increasing trend along the river, while the extraradical hyphae declined dramatically from the middle of the river. AM fungal communities significantly varied between the wetland and alpine meadows in the riparian zone, mainly driven by the geographic distance, soil water content, soil pH, and plant communities. Specifically, soil pH was the principal predictor of AM fungal community in near-bank wetland soils, while soil water content had a most substantial direct effect in alpine meadows. These findings indicate that abiotic factors are the most important divers in shaping AM fungal communities at the watershed scale, which could be helpful in alpine riparian biodiversity conservation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Zhou
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Keyu Chen
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Atif Muneer
- College of Resources and Environment/International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Congcong Li
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hailan Shi
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Tang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Zhang,
| | - Baoming Ji
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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12
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Zhang F, Zhou Z, Xiao Y. Distinct community assembly and co‐existence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and diazotrophs across large scale soil fertility to improve functions in alfalfa cultivation systems. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:5277-5291. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengge Zhang
- College of Agro‐grassland Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Zhibo Zhou
- College of Agro‐grassland Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Yan Xiao
- College of Agro‐grassland Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
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13
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Mitra PK, Adhikary R, Mandal P, Kundu A, Mandal V. Assessment of mycorrhizal association of a threatened medicinal plant Clerodendrum indicum (L.) O. Kuntze (Verbenaceae) in different ecological variations. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:2039-2050. [PMID: 35907141 PMCID: PMC9679132 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00805-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycorrhizae association is reported to enhance the survivability of the host plant under adverse environmental conditions. The present study aims to explore the mycorrhizal association in the roots of different ecotypes of a threatened medicinal plant, Clerodendrum indicum (L.) O. Kuntze (Verbenaceae), collected from W.B., India, which correlates the degree of root colonization to the nutritional status of the native soil. Ten ecotypes of C. indicum having diverse morphological variations were collected. The mycorrhizae were characterized by both morphological and molecular methods. The nutritional status of the native soils was estimated. The study revealed that all the ecotypes have an association with mycorrhizal forms like hyphae, arbuscules, and vesicles. The molecular analysis showed Glomus intraradices and Rhizophagus irregularis as the associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). A significant variation in arbuscule and vesicle formation was found growing in the varied nutritional statuses concerning soil parameters. The arbuscule was found negatively correlated with pH, conductivity, and potassium and positively correlated with organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The vesicle was found positively correlated with pH, organic carbon, and potassium and negatively correlated with conductivity, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The interaction between conductivity: nitrogen, conductivity: phosphorus, organic-carbon: nitrogen, and pH: conductivity was significant in influencing vesicle formation. However, none of the interactions between parameters was found significant in influencing arbuscule formation. Thus, the study concludes that G. intraradices and R. irregularis are the principle mycorrhizae forming the symbiotic association with the threatened medicinal plant, C. indicum. They form vesicles and arbuscules based on their soil nutritive factors. Therefore, a large-scale propagation through a selective AMF association would help in the conservation of this threatened species from extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanta Kumar Mitra
- Plant and Microbial Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, P.O. Mokdumpur, Malda, W.B. 732103 India ,Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Nadia, W.B. 741235 India
| | - Rajsekhar Adhikary
- Plant and Microbial Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, P.O. Mokdumpur, Malda, W.B. 732103 India
| | - Prithwish Mandal
- Department of Botany, Kaliachak College, Malda, W.B. 732 103 India
| | - Ashutosh Kundu
- Plant and Microbial Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, P.O. Mokdumpur, Malda, W.B. 732103 India
| | - Vivekananda Mandal
- Plant and Microbial Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, P.O. Mokdumpur, Malda, W.B. 732103 India
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The Interactions between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Trichoderma longibrachiatum Enhance Maize Growth and Modulate Root Metabolome under Increasing Soil Salinity. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10051042. [PMID: 35630484 PMCID: PMC9142908 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma longibrachiatum sp. are free-living filamentous fungi which are common in agro-ecosystems. However, few studies thus far have examined the interaction between Trichoderma longibrachiatum and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in saline soil and their potential for improving plant stress tolerance. Here, single, dual-inoculated (T. longibrachiatum MF, AM fungal community or Glomus sp.), and non-inoculated maize (Zea may L.) were subjected to different salinity levels (0, 75, 150, and 225 mM NaCl) to test the synergistic effects of dual inoculants on maize plants in different salt stress conditions. Plant performance and metabolic profiles were compared to find the molecular mechanisms underlying plant protection against salt stress. The first experiment revealed that dual inoculation of an AM fungal community and T. longibrachiatum MF improved the biomass and K+/Na+ ratio in maize under non-saline conditions, and generally enhanced AM fungal growth in root and soil under all but the 225 mM NaCl conditions. However, MF inoculant did not influence the structure of AM fungal communities in maize roots. In the second experiment, dual inoculation of Glomus sp. and T. longibrachiatum MF increased maize plant biomass, K+/Na+ ratio, and AM fungal growth in root and soil significantly at both 0 and 75 mM NaCl conditions. We identified metabolic compounds differentially accumulated in dual-inoculated maize that may underline their enhanced maize plant tolerance to increasing soil salinity. Our data suggested that the combination of Glomus sp. and T.longibrachiatum leads to interactions, which may play a potential role in alleviating the stress and improve crop productivity in salt-affected soils.
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15
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Diverse Effects of Climate, Land Use, and Insects on Dung and Carrion Decomposition. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00764-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLand-use intensification and climate change threaten ecosystem functions. A fundamental, yet often overlooked, function is decomposition of necromass. The direct and indirect anthropogenic effects on decomposition, however, are poorly understood. We measured decomposition of two contrasting types of necromass, rat carrion and bison dung, on 179 study sites in Central Europe across an elevational climate gradient of 168–1122 m a.s.l. and within both local and regional land uses. Local land-use types included forest, grassland, arable fields, and settlements and were embedded in three regional land-use types (near-natural, agricultural, and urban). The effects of insects on decomposition were quantified by experimental exclusion, while controlling for removal by vertebrates. We used generalized additive mixed models to evaluate dung weight loss and carrion decay rate along elevation and across regional and local land-use types. We observed a unimodal relationship of dung decomposition with elevation, where greatest weight loss occurred between 600 and 700 m, but no effects of local temperature, land use, or insects. In contrast to dung, carrion decomposition was continuously faster with both increasing elevation and local temperature. Carrion reached the final decomposition stage six days earlier when insect access was allowed, and this did not depend on land-use effect. Our experiment identified different major drivers of decomposition on each necromass form. The results show that dung and carrion decomposition are rather robust to local and regional land use, but future climate change and decline of insects could alter decomposition processes and the self-regulation of ecosystems.
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Gueidan C, Li L. A long-read amplicon approach to scaling up the metabarcoding of lichen herbarium specimens. MycoKeys 2022; 86:195-212. [PMID: 35153530 PMCID: PMC8828592 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.86.77431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reference sequence databases are critical to the accurate detection and identification of fungi in the environment. As repositories of large numbers of well-curated specimens, herbaria and fungal culture collections have the material resources to generate sequence data for large number of taxa, and could therefore allow filling taxonomic gaps often present in reference sequence databases. Financial resources to do that are however often lacking, so that recent efforts have focused on decreasing sequencing cost by increasing the number of multiplexed samples per sequencing run while maintaining high sequence quality. Following a previous study that aimed at decreasing sequencing cost for lichen specimens by generating fungal ITS barcodes for 96 specimens using PacBio amplicon sequencing, we present a method that further decreases lichen specimen metabarcoding costs. A total of 384 mixed DNA extracts obtained from lichen herbarium specimens, mostly from the four genera Buellia, Catillaria, Endocarpon and Parmotrema, were used to generate new fungal ITS sequences using a Sequel I sequencing platform and the PacBio M13 barcoded primers. The average success rate across all taxa was high (86.5%), with particularly high rates for the crustose saxicolous taxa (Buellia, Catillaria and others; 93.3%) and the terricolous squamulose taxa (Endocarpon and others; 96.5%). On the other hand, the success rate for the foliose genus Parmotrema was lower (60.4%). With this taxon sampling, greater specimen age did not appear to impact sequencing success. In fact, the 1966–1980 collection date category showed the highest success rate (97.3%). Compared to the previous study, the abundance-based sequence denoising method showed some limitations, but the cost of generating ITS barcodes was further decreased thanks to the higher multiplexing level. In addition to contributing new ITS barcodes for specimens of four interesting lichen genera, this study further highlights the potential and challenges of using new sequencing technologies on collection specimens to generate DNA sequences for reference databases.
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17
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Abiotic Stress and Belowground Microbiome: The Potential of Omics Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031091. [PMID: 35163015 PMCID: PMC8835006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the worldwide agriculture is experiencing a transition process toward more sustainable production, which requires the reduction of chemical inputs and the preservation of microbiomes’ richness and biodiversity. Plants are no longer considered as standalone entities, and the future of agriculture should be grounded on the study of plant-associated microorganisms and all their potentiality. Moreover, due to the climate change scenario and the resulting rising incidence of abiotic stresses, an innovative and environmentally friendly technique in agroecosystem management is required to support plants in facing hostile environments. Plant-associated microorganisms have shown a great attitude as a promising tool to improve agriculture sustainability and to deal with harsh environments. Several studies were carried out in recent years looking for some beneficial plant-associated microbes and, on the basis of them, it is evident that Actinomycetes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have shown a considerable number of positive effects on plants’ fitness and health. Given the potential of these microorganisms and the effects of climate change, this review will be focused on their ability to support the plant during the interaction with abiotic stresses and on multi-omics techniques which can support researchers in unearthing the hidden world of plant–microbiome interactions. These associated microorganisms can increase plants’ endurance of abiotic stresses through several mechanisms, such as growth-promoting traits or priming-mediated stress tolerance. Using a multi-omics approach, it will be possible to deepen these mechanisms and the dynamic of belowground microbiomes, gaining fundamental information to exploit them as staunch allies and innovative weapons against crop abiotic enemies threatening crops in the ongoing global climate change context.
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Dong Q, Guo X, Chen K, Ren S, Muneer MA, Zhang J, Li Y, Ji B. Phylogenetic Correlation and Symbiotic Network Explain the Interdependence Between Plants and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Tibetan Alpine Meadow. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:804861. [PMID: 34975995 PMCID: PMC8718876 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.804861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form complex symbiotic networks based on functional trait selection, contributing to the maintenance of ecosystem biodiversity and stability. However, the selectivity of host plants on AMF and the characteristics of plant-AMF networks remain unclear in Tibetan alpine meadows. In this study, we studied the AMF communities in 69 root samples from 23 plant species in a Tibetan alpine meadow using Illumina-MiSeq sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. The results showed a significant positive correlation between the phylogenetic distances of plant species and the taxonomic dissimilarity of their AMF community. The plant-AMF network was characterized by high connectance, high nestedness, anti-modularity, and anti-specialization, and the phylogenetic signal from plants was stronger than that from AMF. The high connected and nested plant-AMF network potentially promoted the interdependence and stability of the plant-AMF symbioses in Tibetan alpine meadows. This study emphasizes that plant phylogeny and plant-AMF networks play an important role in the coevolution of host plants and their mycorrhizal partners and enhance our understanding of the interactions between aboveground and belowground communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Dong
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Keyu Chen
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shijie Ren
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Atif Muneer
- College of Resources and Environment, International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoming Li
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoming Ji
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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19
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Yu Z, Liang K, Wang X, Huang G, Lin M, Zhou Z, Chen Y. Alterations in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Community Along a Chronosequence of Teak ( Tectona grandis) Plantations in Tropical Forests of China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:737068. [PMID: 34899624 PMCID: PMC8660861 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.737068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a crucial role in promoting plant growth, enhancing plant stress resistance, and sustaining a healthy ecosystem. However, little is known about the mycorrhizal status of teak plantations. Here, we evaluated how the AM fungal communities of rhizosphere soils and roots respond to different stand ages of teak: 22, 35, 45, and 55-year-old from the adjacent native grassland (CK). A high-throughput sequencing method was used to compare the differences in soil and root AM fungal community structures. In combination with soil parameters, mechanisms driving the AM fungal community were revealed by redundancy analysis and the Mantel test. Additionally, spore density and colonization rates were analyzed. With increasing stand age, the AM fungal colonization rates and spore density increased linearly. Catalase activity and ammonium nitrogen content also increased, and soil organic carbon, total phosphorous, acid phosphatase activity, available potassium, and available phosphorus first increased and then decreased. Stand age significantly changed the structure of the AM fungal community but had no significant impact on the diversity of the AM fungal community. However, the diversity of the AM fungal community in soils was statistically higher than that in the roots. In total, nine and seven AM fungal genera were detected in the soil and root samples, respectively. The majority of sequences in soils and roots belonged to Glomus. Age-induced changes in soil properties could largely explain the alterations in the structure of the AM fungal community along a chronosequence, which included total potassium, carbon-nitrogen ratio, ammonium nitrogen, catalase, and acid phosphatase levels in soils and catalase, acid phosphatase, pH, and total potassium levels in roots. Soil nutrient availability and enzyme activity were the main driving factors regulating the shift in the AM fungal community structure along a chronosequence of the teak plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forestry Research, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kunnan Liang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forestry Research, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianbang Wang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forestry Research, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Huang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forestry Research, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingping Lin
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forestry Research, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaizhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forestry Research, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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20
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Xu Z, Lv Y, Fang M, Liu J, Zeng H, Ban Y. Diverse and abundant arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in ecological floating beds used to treat eutrophic water. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6959-6975. [PMID: 34432133 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11470-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of investigations have shown the universal existence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known about the accurate distribution and function of AMF inhabiting aquatic ecosystems, especially ecological floating beds (EFBs), which are constructed for the remediation of polluted water bodies. In this study, we collected root samples of Canna generalis, Cyperus alternifolius, and Eichhornia crassipes from three EFBs on two eutrophic lakes in Wuhan, China. We aimed to investigate the resources and distribution of AMF in EFBs using Illumina Mi-seq technology. A total of 229 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 21 taxa from 348,799 Glomeromycota sequences were detected. Glomus and Acaulospora were the most dominant and second most dominant genera of AMF in the three EFBs, respectively. Different aquatic plant species showed varying degrees of AMF colonization (3.83-71%), diversity (6-103 OTUs, 3-15 virtual taxa), and abundance (14-57,551 sequences). Low AMF abundance, but relatively high AMF diversity, was found in C. alternifolius, which is usually considered non-mycorrhizal. This finding indicated the high accuracy of Illumina sequencing. Our results also revealed a lognormal species abundance distribution that was observed across AMF taxa in the three plant species. The AMF community composition was closely related to nitrogen and phosphorus contents. Overall, our data show that EFBs harbor diverse and abundant AMF communities. Additionally, the AMF community composition is closely related to the water quality of eutrophic lakes treated by the EFBs, indicating the potential application of AMF in plant-based bioremediation of wastewater. KEYPOINTS: • Aquatic plants in EFBs harbor diverse (229 OTUs) and abundant (348,799 sequences) AMF. • Different plant species host different taxa of AMF. Cyperaceae, originally considered non-mycorrhizal, may in fact be a variable mycorrhizal plant family. • The AMF community composition in EFBs is closely related to nutrient concentrations (nitrogen and phosphorus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouying Xu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yichao Lv
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Mingjing Fang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- POWERCHINA Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou, 311122, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haibo Zeng
- POWERCHINA Sinohydro Bureau 5 Corporation Limited, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Yihui Ban
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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21
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Differential Responses of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities to Long-Term Fertilization in the Wheat Rhizosphere and Root Endosphere. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0034921. [PMID: 34160265 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00349-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide essential nutrients to crops and are critically impacted by fertilization in agricultural ecosystems. Understanding shifts in AMF communities in and around crop roots under different fertilization regimes can provide important lessons for improving agricultural production and sustainability. Here, we compared the responses of AMF communities in the rhizosphere (RS) and root endosphere (ES) of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to different fertilization treatments, nonfertilization (control), mineral fertilization only (NPK), mineral fertilization plus wheat straw (NPKS), and mineral fertilization plus cow manure (NPKM). We employed high-throughput amplicon sequencing and investigated the diversity, community composition, and network structure of AMF communities to assess their responses to fertilization. Our results elucidated that AMF communities in the RS and ES respond differently to fertilization schemes. Long-term NPK application decreased the RS AMF alpha diversity significantly, whereas additional organic amendments (straw or manure) had no effect. In contrast, NPK fertilization increased the ES AMF alpha diversity significantly, while additional organic amendments decreased it significantly. The effect of different fertilization schemes on AMF network complexity in the RS and ES were similar to their effects on alpha diversity. Changes to AMF communities in the RS and ES correlated mainly with the pH and phosphorus level of the rhizosphere soil under long-term inorganic and organic fertilization regimes. We suggest that the AMF community in the roots should be given more consideration when studying the effects of fertilization regimes on AMF in agroecosystems. IMPORTANCE Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are an integral component of rhizospheres, bridging the soil and plant systems and are highly sensitive to fertilization. However, surprisingly little is known about how the response differs between the roots and the surrounding soil. Decreasing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity under fertilization has been reported, implying a potential reduction in the mutualism between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. However, we found opposing responses to long-term fertilization managements of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the wheat roots and rhizosphere soil. These results suggested that changes in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in soils do not reflect those in the roots, highlighting that the root arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community is pertinent to understand arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their crop hosts' responses to anthropogenic influences.
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22
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Cesaro P, Massa N, Bona E, Novello G, Todeschini V, Boatti L, Mignone F, Gamalero E, Berta G, Lingua G. Native AMF Communities in an Italian Vineyard at Two Different Phenological Stages of Vitis vinifera. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:676610. [PMID: 34349738 PMCID: PMC8326575 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.676610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial soil microorganisms that can establish symbiotic associations with Vitis vinifera roots, resulting in positive effects on grapevine performance, both in terms of water use efficiency, nutrient uptake, and replant success. Grapevine is an important perennial crop cultivated worldwide, especially in Mediterranean countries. In Italy, Piedmont is one of the regions with the longest winemaking tradition. In the present study, we characterized the AMF communities of the soil associated or not with the roots of V. vinifera cv. Pinot Noir cultivated in a vineyard subjected to conventional management using 454 Roche sequencing technology. Samplings were performed at two plant phenological stages (flowering and early fruit development). The AMF community was dominated by members of the family Glomeraceae, with a prevalence of the genus Glomus and the species Rhizophagus intraradices and Rhizophagus irregularis. On the contrary, the genus Archaeospora was the only one belonging to the family Archaeosporaceae. Since different AMF communities occur in the two considered soils, independently from the plant phenological stage, a probable role of V. vinifera in determining the AMF populations associated to its roots has been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Cesaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Nadia Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Giorgia Novello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Valeria Todeschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Lara Boatti
- SmartSeq s.r.l., spin-off of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Flavio Mignone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy.,SmartSeq s.r.l., spin-off of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Graziella Berta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Guido Lingua
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
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23
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De Bauw P, Birindwa D, Merckx R, Boeraeve M, Munyahali W, Peeters G, Bolaji T, Honnay O. Improved genotypes and fertilizers, not fallow duration, increase cassava yields without compromising arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus richness or diversity. MYCORRHIZA 2021; 31:483-496. [PMID: 34173082 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-021-01039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous in agroecosystems, but their role in mediating agricultural yield remains contested. Field experiments testing effects of realistic agronomic practices of intensification on AM fungus composition and yields are scarce, especially in the low-input systems of sub-Saharan Africa. A large, full-factorial field experiment was conducted in South-Kivu (DR Congo), testing effects of fallow duration (6 vs. 12 months), genotype (landrace vs. improved), and fertilizer management (control vs. five combinations omitting N, P, K, and/or secondary macro- and micronutrients) on yields of cassava, an important staple crop strongly colonized by AMF. Furthermore, we used DNA-metabarcoding to evaluate effects of these agronomic practices on the AM fungal communities on the roots. The shorter fallow duration strongly increased diversity and richness of AMF, but this did not correspond with increased yields. Cassava yield was mainly determined by genotype, being largest for the improved genotype, which coincided with a significantly higher sum of AM fungal sequences. Effects of fertilizer or genotype on community composition were minor to absent. We found no evidence that increased AMF richness and diversity enhanced cassava yields. In contrast, the use of the improved genotype and mineral fertilizers strongly benefitted yields, without compromising richness or diversity of AMF. Cassava-AMF associations in this work appear robust to fertilizer amendments and modern genotype improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieterjan De Bauw
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division Soil and Water Management, Kasteelpark Arenberg, 20-3001, Leuven, KU, Belgium.
| | - Damas Birindwa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division Soil and Water Management, Kasteelpark Arenberg, 20-3001, Leuven, KU, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Roel Merckx
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division Soil and Water Management, Kasteelpark Arenberg, 20-3001, Leuven, KU, Belgium
| | - Margaux Boeraeve
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wivine Munyahali
- Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Gerrit Peeters
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thanni Bolaji
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Zhao Z, Li X, Liu MF, Merckx VSFT, Saunders RMK, Zhang D. Specificity of assemblage, not fungal partner species, explains mycorrhizal partnerships of mycoheterotrophic Burmannia plants. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:1614-1627. [PMID: 33408367 PMCID: PMC8163756 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mycoheterotrophic plants (MHPs) growing on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) usually maintain specialized mycorrhizal associations. The level of specificity varies between MHPs, although it remains largely unknown whether interactions with mycorrhizal fungi differ by plant lineage, species, and/or by population. Here, we investigate the mycorrhizal interactions among Burmannia species (Burmanniaceae) with different trophic modes using high-throughput DNA sequencing. We characterized the inter- and intraspecific dynamics of the fungal communities by assessing the composition and diversity of fungi among sites. We found that fully mycoheterotrophic species are more specialized in their fungal associations than chlorophyllous species, and that this specialization possibly results from the gradual loss of some fungal groups. In particular, although many fungal species were shared by different Burmannia species, fully MHP species typically host species-specific fungal assemblages, suggesting that they have a preference for the selected fungi. Although no apparent cophylogenetic relationship was detected between fungi and plants, we observe that evolutionarily closely related plants tend to have a greater proportion of shared or closely related fungal partners. Our findings suggest a host preference and specialization toward fungal assemblages in Burmannia, improving understanding of interactions between MHPs and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Zhao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Ming Fai Liu
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Division of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincent S. F. T. Merckx
- grid.425948.60000 0001 2159 802XNaturalis Biodiversity Center, 2332 AA Leiden, The Netherlands ,grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard M. K. Saunders
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Division of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dianxiang Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
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25
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Moukarzel R, Ridgway HJ, Guerin-Laguette A, Jones EE. Grapevine rootstocks drive the community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in New Zealand vineyards. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2941-2956. [PMID: 34028142 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are often regarded as non-specific symbionts, but some AMF communities show host preference in various ecosystems including vineyards. Grapevine plants are very responsive to AMF colonization. Although these fungi have potentially significant applications for sustainable agricultural ecosystems, there is a gap in knowledge regarding AMF-grapevine interactions worldwide and especially in New Zealand. This study focused on identifying AMF taxa colonizing grapevines in New Zealand vineyards and investigated the effect of grapevine rootstocks on AMF community diversity and composition. METHODS AND RESULTS Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and trap cultures were used to characterize the AMF communities. Grapevine roots from three vineyards and nine rootstocks were analysed by DGGE and used in trap cultures for AMF recovery. Trap cultures allowed the recovery of six AMF spore morphotypes that belonged to Ambispora sp., Claroideoglomus sp., Funneliformis sp. and Glomus sp. Bands excised, reamplified and sequenced from the DGGE were assigned to Glomus sp., Rhizophagus sp. and Claroideoglomus sp. The AMF community analyses demonstrated that rootstock significantly (P < 0·05) influenced the AMF community composition in all sites. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that for a comprehensive identification of AMF, both results from trap culture and molecular work were needed and that the rootstock cultivar was the main driver of the arbuscular mycorrhizal community colonizing the roots. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides a firm foundation for future research exploring the beneficial use of AMF in enhancing grapevine production and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Moukarzel
- Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - H J Ridgway
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - A Guerin-Laguette
- Mycotree C/-Southern Woods Nursery, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - E E Jones
- Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
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Space and Vine Cultivar Interact to Determine the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community Composition. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040317. [PMID: 33260901 PMCID: PMC7712214 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in the use of microbes as biofertilizers is increasing in recent years as the demands for sustainable cropping systems become more pressing. Although very widely used as biofertilizers, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal associations with specific crops have received little attention and knowledge is limited, especially in the case of vineyards. In this study, the AM fungal community associated with soil and roots of a vineyard on Mallorca Island, Spain was characterized by DNA sequencing to resolve the relative importance of grape variety on their diversity and composition. Overall, soil contained a wider AM fungal diversity than plant roots, and this was found at both taxonomic and phylogenetic levels. The major effect on community composition was associated with sample type, either root or soil material, with a significant effect for the variety of the grape. This effect interacted with the spatial distribution of the plants. Such an interaction revealed a hierarchical effect of abiotic and biotic factors in shaping the composition of AM fungal communities. Our results have direct implications for the understanding of plant-fungal assemblages and the potential functional differences across plants in vineyard cropping.
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27
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Ji L, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Yang L, Yang N, Zhang D. Long-term effects of mixed planting on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in the roots and soils of Juglans mandshurica plantations. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:304. [PMID: 33045991 PMCID: PMC7552469 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Establishing mixed plantations is an effective way to improve soil fertility and increase forest productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are obligate symbiotic fungi that can promote mineral nutrient absorption and regulate intraspecific and interspecific competition in plants. However, the effects of mixed plantations on the community structure and abundance of AM fungi are still unclear. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to investigate the AM fungal community in the roots and soils of pure and mixed plantations (Juglans mandshurica × Larix gmelinii). The objective of this study is to compare the differential responses of the root and rhizosphere soil AM fungal communities of Juglans mandshurica to long-term mixed plantation management. Results Glomus and Paraglomus were the dominant genera in the root samples, accounting for more than 80% of the sequences. Compared with that in the pure plantation, the relative abundance of Glomus was higher in the mixed plantation. Glomus, Diversispora and Paraglomus accounted for more than 85% of the sequences in the soil samples. The relative abundances of Diversispora and an unidentified genus of Glomeromycetes were higher and lower in the pure plantation, respectively. The Root_P samples (the roots in the pure plantation) had the highest number of unique OTUs (operational taxonomic units), which belonged mainly to an unidentified genus of Glomeromycetes, Paraglomus, Glomus and Acaulospora. The number of unique OTUs detected in the soil was lower than that in the roots. In both the root and soil samples, the forest type did not have a significant effect on AM fungal diversity, but the Sobs value and the Shannon, Chao1 and Ace indices of AM fungi in the roots were significantly higher than those in the soil. Conclusions Mixed forest management had little effect on the AM fungal community of Juglans mandshurica roots and significantly changed the community composition of the soil AM fungi, but not the diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ji
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China.,Jilin Academy of Forestry, Changchun, 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Yuchun Yang
- Jilin Academy of Forestry, Changchun, 130033, P.R. China
| | - Lixue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China.
| | - Na Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China.,ZEHO Waterfront Ecological Environment Management Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Depeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
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28
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Fan K, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Guo X, Wang D, Zhu YG, Chu H. Biodiversity of key-stone phylotypes determines crop production in a 4-decade fertilization experiment. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 15:550-561. [PMID: 33028975 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cropping systems have fertilized soils for decades with undetermined consequences for the productivity and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. One of the critical unknowns is the role of soil biodiversity in controlling crop production after decades of fertilization. This knowledge gap limits our capacity to assess how changes in soil biodiversity could alter crop production and soil health in changing environments. Here, we used multitrophic ecological networks to investigate the importance of soil biodiversity, in particular, the biodiversity of key-stone taxa in controlling soil functioning and wheat production in a 35-year field fertilization experiment. We found strong and positive associations between soil functional genes, crop production and the biodiversity of key-stone phylotypes; soils supporting a larger number of key-stone nematode, bacteria and fungi phylotypes yielded the highest wheat production. These key-stone phylotypes were also positively associated with plant growth (phototrophic bacteria, nitrogen fixers) and multiple functional genes related to nutrient cycling. The retrieved information on the genomes clustered with key-stone bacterial phylotypes indicated that the key-stone taxa had higher gene copies of oxidoreductases (participating most biogeochemical cycles of ecosystems and linking to microbial energetics) and 71 essential functional genes associated with carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycling. Altogether, our work highlights the fundamental role of the biodiversity of key-stone phylotypes in maintaining soil functioning and crop production after several decades of fertilization, and provides a list of key-stone phylotypes linking to crop production and soil nutrient cycling, which could give science-based guidance for sustainable food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunkun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Xisheng Guo
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Nongke Road 40, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Daozhong Wang
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Nongke Road 40, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Haiyan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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29
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Song F, Bai F, Wang J, Wu L, Jiang Y, Pan Z. Influence of Citrus Scion/Rootstock Genotypes on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Community Composition under Controlled Environment Condition. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070901. [PMID: 32708770 PMCID: PMC7412222 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Citrus is vegetatively propagated by grafting for commercial production, and most rootstock cultivars of citrus have scarce root hairs, thus heavily relying on mutualistic symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for mineral nutrient uptake. However, the AMF community composition, and its differences under different citrus scion/rootstock genotypes, were largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the citrus root-associated AMF diversity and richness, and assessed the influence of citrus scion/rootstock genotypes on the AMF community composition in a controlled condition, in order to exclude interferences from environmental factors and agricultural practices. As a result, a total of 613,408 Glomeromycota tags were detected in the citrus roots, and 46 AMF species were annotated against the MAARJAM database. Of these, 39 species belonged to Glomus, indicating a dominant role of the Glomus AMF in the symbiosis with citrus. PCoA analysis indicated that the AMF community’s composition was significantly impacted by both citrus scion and rootstock genotypes, but total samples were clustered according to rootstock genotype rather than scion genotype. In addition, AMF α diversity was significantly affected merely by rootstock genotype. Thus, rootstock genotype might exert a greater impact on the AMF community than scion genotype. Taken together, this study provides a comprehensive insight into the AMF community in juvenile citrus plants, and reveals the important effects of citrus genotype on AMF community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Song
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Fuxi Bai
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Institute National Agro-Technical Extension and Service Center (NATESC), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Yingchun Jiang
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Zhiyong Pan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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30
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Diversity and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi along a land use gradient in Terceira Island (Azores). Mycol Prog 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-020-01582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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31
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Massa N, Bona E, Novello G, Todeschini V, Boatti L, Mignone F, Gamalero E, Lingua G, Berta G, Cesaro P. AMF communities associated to Vitis vinifera in an Italian vineyard subjected to integrated pest management at two different phenological stages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9197. [PMID: 32514032 PMCID: PMC7280190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66067-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera L. is an economically important crop that can be influenced by soil microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), that establish symbiotic associations with its roots. AMF have beneficial effects on grapevine performance improving water use efficiency and replant success. Most grapevine varieties are susceptible to various diseases, and integrated pest management (IPM) is one of the emerging approaches to perform pest control. In the present study, we examined the AMF communities present in the soil associated to the roots of V. vinifera cv. Pinot Noir (comparing them to those present in a soil not affected by grapevine roots), in a vineyard subjected to IPM at two different phenological stages, using 454 Roche sequencing technology. We proposed a new approach to analyze sequencing data. Most of the taxa were included in the family Glomeraceae. In particular, Glomus sp. Rhizophagus sp. and Septoglomus viscosum were present. The family Archeosporaceae was represented only by the genus Archeospora sp. Different AMF communities were found in the two soils and the importance of the phenological stage in regulating AMF biodiversity was assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Massa
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - E Bona
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Piazza San Eusebio 5, 13100, Vercelli, Italy
| | - G Novello
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - V Todeschini
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Piazza San Eusebio 5, 13100, Vercelli, Italy
| | - L Boatti
- SmartSeq s.r.l., spin-off of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - F Mignone
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
- SmartSeq s.r.l., spin-off of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - E Gamalero
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - G Lingua
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - G Berta
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - P Cesaro
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy.
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32
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Lu Y, Liu X, Chen F, Zhou S. Shifts in plant community composition weaken the negative effect of nitrogen addition on community-level arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200483. [PMID: 32453987 PMCID: PMC7287364 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen addition affects plant-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) association greatly. However, although the direct effect of nitrogen addition on AMF colonization has received investigation, its indirect effect through shifts in plant community composition has never been quantified. Based on a 7-year nitrogen addition experiment in an alpine meadow of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we investigated the effects of nitrogen addition on plant community, AMF diversity and colonization, and disentangled the direct and indirect effects of nitrogen addition on community AMF colonization. At plant species level, nitrogen addition significantly decreased root colonization rate and altered AMF community composition, but with no significant effect on AMF richness. At plant community level, plant species richness and AMF colonization rate decreased with nitrogen addition. Plant species increasing in abundance after nitrogen addition were those with higher AMF colonization rates in natural conditions, resulting in an increased indirect effect induced by alternation in plant community composition with nitrogen addition, whereas the direct effect was negative and decreased with nitrogen addition. Overall, we illustrate the effect of nitrogen addition and plant species in influencing the AMF diversity, demonstrate how shifts in plant community composition (indirect effect) weaken the negative direct effect of nitrogen addition on community-level AMF colonization rate, and emphasize the importance of plant community-mediated mechanisms in regulating ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shurong Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
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33
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Stefani F, Bencherif K, Sabourin S, Hadj-Sahraoui AL, Banchini C, Séguin S, Dalpé Y. Taxonomic assignment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in an 18S metagenomic dataset: a case study with saltcedar (Tamarix aphylla). MYCORRHIZA 2020; 30:243-255. [PMID: 32180012 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franck Stefani
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada.
| | - Karima Bencherif
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Djelfa, Route de Moudjbara, BP 3117, 17000, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Stéphanie Sabourin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Anissa Lounès Hadj-Sahraoui
- UR 4492 - UCEIV - Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62228, Calais Cedex, France
| | - Claudia Banchini
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Sylvie Séguin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Yolande Dalpé
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
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Higo M, Azuma M, Kamiyoshihara Y, Kanda A, Tatewaki Y, Isobe K. Impact of Phosphorus Fertilization on Tomato Growth and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E178. [PMID: 31991824 PMCID: PMC7074694 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the impact of phosphorus (P) addition on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is crucial to understanding tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) P nutrition. However, it remains unknown how P fertilization is associated with the structure of AMF communities on tomato plants. Thus, we investigated whether levels of P fertilizer interacted with the colonization and structure of AMF in tomato roots in a field trial. In this study, we established three different amounts of P fertilizer treatments (0 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1, and 100 kg ha-1). We investigated AMF root colonization and community structure, as well as plant growth in tomatoes at seven weeks following transplantation. The structure of the AMF communities in the roots of tomato were determined by MiSeq amplicon sequencing. As expected, P fertilizer input enhanced the P uptake and plant biomass. In contrast, the P fertilizer level did not affect the AMF root colonization and diversity or the structure of the AMF communities in the tomato. However, we found a negative correlation between AMF colonization and richness in the roots of the tomato plants. Therefore, we need to investigate whether and how AMF communities and P fertilization develop more effective P management for tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Higo
- Department of Agricultural Bioscience, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan; (M.A.); (Y.K.); (A.K.); (Y.T.); (K.I.)
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Pellegrino E, Gamper HA, Ciccolini V, Ercoli L. Forage Rotations Conserve Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Soil Fertility. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2969. [PMID: 31998261 PMCID: PMC6962183 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Mediterranean, long-term impact of typical land uses on soil fertility have not been quantified yet on replicated mixed crop-livestock farms and considering the variability of soil texture. Here, we report the effects, after 15 years of practice, of two legume-winter cereal rotations, olive orchards and vineyards on microbiological and chemical indicators of soil fertility and the communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We compare the changes among these four agricultural land-use types to woodland reference sites. Root colonization by AMF of English ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), a grass that occurred under all land use types, was only half as heavy in biannual berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)-winter cereal rotations than in 4-year alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-winter cereal rotations. In olive (Olea europaea L.) orchards and vineyards (Vitis vinifera L.), where weeds are controlled by frequent surface tillage, the AMF root colonization of ryegrass was again much lower than in the legume-cereal rotations and at the woodland reference sites. All the microbial parameters and soil organic carbon correlated most strongly with differences in occurrence and relative abundance (β-diversity) of AMF genera in soil. The soil pH and mineral nutrients in soil strongly correlated with differences in AMF root colonization and AMF genus richness (α-diversity) in soil. Diversity of AMF was much less affected by soil texture than land use, while the opposite was true for microbial and chemical soil fertility indicators. Land uses that guaranteed a continuous ground cover of herbaceous plants and that involved only infrequent tillage, such as multiyear alfalfa-winter cereal rotation, allowed members of the AMF genus Scutellospora to persist and remain abundant. On the contrary, under land uses accompanied by frequent tillage and hence discontinuous presence of herbaceous plants, such as tilled olive orchard and vineyard, members of the genus Funneliformis dominated. These results suggest that multiyear alfalfa-winter cereal rotation with active plant growth throughout the year is the least detrimental agricultural land use in soil carbon and AMF abundance and diversity, relative to the woodland reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pellegrino
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Hannes A. Gamper
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Laura Ercoli
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
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Lu N, Xu X, Wang P, Zhang P, Ji B, Wang X. Succession in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can be attributed to a chronosequence of Cunninghamia lanceolata. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18057. [PMID: 31792242 PMCID: PMC6889488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play an important role in plant-fungi communities. It remains a central question of how the AM fungal community changes as plants grow. To establish an understanding of AM fungal community dynamics associated with Chinese fir, Chinese fir with five different growth stages were studied and 60 root samples were collected at the Jiangle National Forestry Farm, Fujian Province. A total of 76 AM fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified by high-throughput sequencing on an Illumina Miseq platform. The genera covered by OTUs were Glomus, Archaeospora, Acaulospora, Gigaspora and Diversispora. Glomus dominated the community in the whole stage. The number and composition of OTUs varied along with the host plant growth. The number of OTUs showed an inverted V-shaped change with the host plant age, and the maximum occurred in 23-year. Overall, the basic species diversity and richness in this study were stable. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis based on bray-curtis distance revealed that there were remarkable differentiations between the 9-year and other stages. Besides, AM fungal community in 32-year had a significant difference with that of 23-year, while no significant difference with that of 45-year, suggesting that 32-year may be a steady stage for AM fungi associated with Chinese fir. The cutting age in 32-year may be the most favorable for microbial community. The pH, total N, total P, total K, available N, available P, available K, organic matter and Mg varied as the Chinese fir grows. According to Mantel test and redundancy analysis, available N, available P, K and Mg could exert significant influence on AM fungal communities, and these variables explained 31% of variance in the composition of AM fungal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nini Lu
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation Joint-constructed by Province and Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xuelei Xu
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation Joint-constructed by Province and Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation Joint-constructed by Province and Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation Joint-constructed by Province and Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Experimental Forest Farm, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Baoming Ji
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinjie Wang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation Joint-constructed by Province and Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Ohtomo R, Oka N, Morimoto S. PCR-denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis as a Simple Identification Tool of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Isolates. Microbes Environ 2019; 34:356-362. [PMID: 31554760 PMCID: PMC6934388 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me19074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their obligate symbiotic nature and lack of long-term storage methods, the strain collection of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi requires periodic proliferation using a pot culture with host plants. Therefore, a method to evaluate the purity of proliferated AM fungal cultures is critical for the quality control of their collection. In a simple evaluation of the purity and identity of a proliferated AM fungal culture, DNA extracted from the culture was amplified using AM fungi-specific PCR followed by an analysis with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The present results showed that the DGGE band patterns of AM fungal strains differed according to their phylogenetic positions, allowing for the rapid and easy identification of the proliferated AM fungal strains. When a culture was contaminated with another AM fungal strain, the DGGE pattern became a mixture of those strains. A contaminant strain was detectable even when its ratio was 1/9 of the main strain. It was also possible to confirm the purity of the culture by comparing whether the DGGE band pattern of the proliferated culture was identical to that obtained from single spores isolated from the culture. Therefore, PCR-DGGE is useful as a quality control tool for maintaining culture collections of AM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ohtomo
- Central Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO
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Liu J, Zhang J, Li D, Xu C, Xiang X. Differential responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities to mineral and organic fertilization. Microbiologyopen 2019; 9:e00920. [PMID: 31397116 PMCID: PMC6957387 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural fertilization is used extensively to increase soil fertility and maximize crop yield. Despite numerous studies on how fertilization influences plant and bacterial communities, little is known about the roles of long‐term application of different fertilizers in shaping arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community structures in a comparative manner. The response of AMF community to 28 years of chemical and organic fertilization was investigated using the Illumina Mi‐Seq platform. Soil AMF community composition showed significant and differential responses to long‐term fertilization. Changes in available phosphorus (AP) content were the primary driver shaping AMF community composition. Chemical fertilization significantly decreased AMF alpha‐diversity, whereas the alpha‐diversity remained equally high in organic fertilization treatment as in the control. In addition, soil AMF alpha‐diversity was negatively and positively correlated with elevated soil nutrient level following chemical and organic fertilization, respectively. Plants could directly acquire sufficient nutrients without their AMF partners after chemical fertilization, while plants might rely on AMF to facilitate the transformation of organic matter following organic fertilization, indicating that chemical fertilization might reduce the reliance of plants on AMF symbioses while organic fertilization strengthened the symbiotic relationship between plants and their AMF partners in agricultural ecosystems. This study demonstrated that AMF communities responded differently to long‐term chemical and organic fertilization, indicating that organic fertilization might activate belowground AMF function to maintain soil nutrients and benefit the sustainable development of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Daming Li
- Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil, Jinxian, China
| | - Changxu Xu
- Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingjia Xiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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Wipf D, Krajinski F, van Tuinen D, Recorbet G, Courty PE. Trading on the arbuscular mycorrhiza market: from arbuscules to common mycorrhizal networks. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1127-1142. [PMID: 30843207 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis occurs between obligate biotrophic fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota and most land plants. The exchange of nutrients between host plants and AM fungi (AMF) is presumed to be the main benefit for the two symbiotic partners. In this review article, we outline the current concepts of nutrient exchanges within this symbiosis (mechanisms and regulation). First, we focus on phosphorus and nitrogen transfer from the fungal partner to the host plant, and on the reciprocal transfer of carbon compounds, with a highlight on a possible interplay between nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition during AM symbiosis. We further discuss potential mechanisms of regulation of these nutrient exchanges linked to membrane dynamics. The review finally addresses the common mycorrhizal networks formed AMF, which interconnect plants from similar and/or different species. Finally the best way to integrate this knowledge and the ensuing potential benefits of AM into sustainable agriculture is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Franziska Krajinski
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diederik van Tuinen
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Ghislaine Recorbet
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Courty
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
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Higo M, Kang DJ, Isobe K. First report of community dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in radiocesium degradation lands after the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear disaster in Japan. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8240. [PMID: 31160630 PMCID: PMC6546702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be beneficial for improving restoration of radioactive-cesium (137Cs)-contaminated soils through soil remediation. However, there has been no information on species diversity and the composition of AMF communities in 137Cs-contaminated soil after the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) disaster. We examined the community dynamics of indigenous AMF colonizing roots of napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum) in two different 137Cs-contaminated land-use fields (grassland and paddy field) by an Illumina MiSeq sequencing investigation within a 30-km radius around the Fukushima-Daiichi NPP in 2013 (sampling year 1) and 2014 (sampling year 2). We found nine AMF families, including Glomeraceae, Gigasporaceae, Paraglomeraceae, Claroideoglomeraceae, Acaulosporaceae, Archeosporaceae, Ambisporaceae, Diversisporaceae and uncultured Glomeromycotina in roots. Glomeraceae was the most abundant in both grassland and paddy field, followed by Paraglomeraceae. The diversity of AMF in grassland and paddy field was higher in 2014 than in 2013. Furthermore, the AMF community structure was impacted by sampling year and land-use type. The AMF community structures colonizing napiergrass roots were also significantly impacted by land-use type and year throughout the 2-year investigation. To our knowledge, our results are the first report to reveal the community dynamics of indigenous AMF in the 137Cs-contaminated fields around NPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Higo
- Department of Agricultural Bioscience, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, 252-0880, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Dong-Jin Kang
- Teaching and Research Center for Bio-coexistence, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 037-0202, Gosyogawara, Aomori, Japan
| | - Katsunori Isobe
- Department of Agricultural Bioscience, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, 252-0880, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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Correia M, Rodríguez-Echeverría S, Timóteo S, Freitas H, Heleno R. Integrating plant species contribution to mycorrhizal and seed dispersal mutualistic networks. Biol Lett 2019; 15:20180770. [PMID: 31039725 PMCID: PMC6548724 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutualistic interactions like those established between plants and mycorrhizal fungi or seed dispersers are key drivers of plant population dynamics and ecosystem functioning; however, these interactions have rarely been explored together. We assembled a tripartite fungi-plant-disperser network in the Gorongosa National Park-Mozambique, to test (1) if diversity and importance of plant mutualists above- and belowground are correlated, and (2) whether biotically and abiotically dispersed plants are associated with distinct arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We quantified seed dispersal by animals for 1 year and characterized the AMF of 26 common plant species. Sixteen plant species were dispersed by 15 animals and colonized by 48 AMF virtual taxa (VT), while the remaining 10 plant species were not dispersed by animals and associated with 34 AMF VT. We found no evidence for a correlation between the number of plant partners above- and belowground or on plant specialization on both types of partners. We also found no evidence for differentiation of AMF communities between biotically and abiotically dispersed plants. Our results suggest that the establishment of plant interactions with seed dispersers and mycorrhizal fungi is largely independent and that both biotically and abiotically dispersed plants seem to associate with similar communities of AMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Correia
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Portugal
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Wu B, Hussain M, Zhang W, Stadler M, Liu X, Xiang M. Current insights into fungal species diversity and perspective on naming the environmental DNA sequences of fungi. Mycology 2019; 10:127-140. [PMID: 31448147 PMCID: PMC6691916 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2019.1614106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The global bio-diversity of fungi has been extensively investigated and their species number has been estimated. Notably, the development of molecular phylogeny has revealed an unexpected fungal diversity and utilisation of culture-independent approaches including high-throughput amplicon sequencing has dramatically increased number of fungal operational taxonomic units. A number of novel taxa including new divisions, classes, orders and new families have been established in last decade. Many cryptic species were identified by molecular phylogeny. Based on recently generated data from culture-dependent and -independent survey on same samples, the fungal species on the earth were estimated to be 12 (11.7-13.2) million compared to 2.2-3.8 million species recently estimated by a variety of the estimation techniques. Moreover, it has been speculated that the current use of high-throughput sequencing techniques would reveal an even higher diversity than our current estimation. Recently, the formal classification of environmental sequences and permission of DNA sequence data as fungal names' type were proposed but strongly objected by the mycologist community. Surveys on fungi in unusual niches have indicated that many previously regarded "unculturable fungi" could be cultured on certain substrates under specific conditions. Moreover, the high-throughput amplicon sequencing, shotgun metagenomics and a single-cell genomics could be a powerful means to detect novel taxa. Here, we propose to separate the fungal types into physical type based on specimen, genome DNA (gDNA) type based on complete genome sequence of culturable and uncluturable fungal specimen and digital type based on environmental DNA sequence data. The physical and gDNA type should have priority, while the digital type can be temporal supplementary before the physical type and gDNA type being available. The fungal name based on the "digital type" could be assigned as the "clade" name + species name. The "clade" name could be the name of genus, family or order, etc. which the sequence of digital type affiliates to. Facilitating future cultivation efforts should be encouraged. Also, with the advancement in knowledge of fungi inhabiting various environments mostly because of rapid development of new detection technologies, more information should be expected for fungal diversity on our planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muzammil Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meichun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Higo M, Tatewaki Y, Gunji K, Kaseda A, Isobe K. Cover cropping can be a stronger determinant than host crop identity for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities colonizing maize and soybean. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6403. [PMID: 30775179 PMCID: PMC6369830 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the role of communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in agricultural systems is imperative for enhancing crop production. The key variables influencing change in AMF communities are the type of cover crop species or the type of subsequent host crop species. However, how maize and soybean performance is related to the diversity of AMF communities in cover cropping systems remains unclear. We therefore investigated which cover cropping or host identity is the most important factor in shaping AMF community structure in subsequent crop roots using an Illumina Miseq platform amplicon sequencing. Methods In this study, we established three cover crop systems (Italian ryegrass, hairy vetch, and brown mustard) or bare fallow prior to planting maize and soybean as cash crops. After cover cropping, we divided the cover crop experimental plots into two subsequent crop plots (maize and soybean) to understand which cover cropping or host crop identity is an important factor for determining the AMF communities and diversity both in maize and soybeans. Results We found that most of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in root samples were common in both maize and soybean, and the proportion of common generalists in this experiment for maize and soybean roots was 79.5% according to the multinomial species classification method (CLAM test). The proportion of OTUs specifically detected in only maize and soybean was 9.6% and 10.8%, respectively. Additionally, the cover cropping noticeably altered the AMF community structure in the maize and soybean roots. However, the differentiation of AMF communities between maize and soybean was not significantly different. Discussion Our results suggest cover cropping prior to planting maize and soybean may be a strong factor for shaping AMF community structure in subsequent maize and soybean roots rather than two host crop identities. Additionally, we could not determine the suitable rotational combination for cover crops and subsequent maize and soybean crops to improve the diversity of the AMF communities in their roots. However, our findings may have implications for understanding suitable rotational combinations between cover crops and subsequent cash crops and further research should investigate in-depth the benefit of AMF on cash crop performances in cover crop rotational systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Higo
- Department of Agricultural Bioscience, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuya Tatewaki
- Department of Agricultural Bioscience, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kento Gunji
- Department of Agricultural Bioscience, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akari Kaseda
- Department of Agricultural Bioscience, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsunori Isobe
- Department of Agricultural Bioscience, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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Li Z, Fu J, Zhou R, Wang D. Effects of phenolic acids from ginseng rhizosphere on soil fungi structure, richness and diversity in consecutive monoculturing of ginseng. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:1788-1794. [PMID: 30591801 PMCID: PMC6303186 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng yield and quality are seriously compromised by consecutive monoculturing in northeastern China. The imbalance of soil fungi communities and autotoxicity of ginseng are the major factors in consecutive monoculturing ginseng crops. Soil fungal communities were identified using Illumina MiSeq sequencing, applied to soils that consecutively cultured ginseng (CCG) for six years and new forest soil (NFS), or receiving application of phenolic acids (PAs). The CCG field received five treatments with five different phenolic acids, including gallic acid (GA), salicylic acid (SA), 3-phenylpropionic acid (3-PA), benzoic acid (BA) and cinnamic acid (CA), which were detected from ginseng rhizosphere in consecutive cropping soil. Fungal richness, fungi diversity, community composition, relative taxon abundances, root rot disease, and growth rate were compared among the different treatments. 579 fungal operational taxonomic units at 97% ITS sequence identity were found among 201,617 sequence reads derived from 18 separate soil samples. Members of the phylum Ascomycota dominated the soil fungal communities, and putative pathogens, such as Fusarium, Gibberella and Nectriaceae_unclassified which may include the abundant sexual morph of Cylindrocarpon destructans, showed higher relative abundances in the CCG fields. Compared to the CCG and NFS fields, PAs (except CA) enhanced the fungi richness and decreased fungi diversity. Cluster analysis indicated that the PAs (except CA) changed the fungi structure in a uniform way. PAs stimulate root rot disease and enhance disease severity, restricting plant growth. The results suggest that the PAs (except CA) may enhance the fungi richness, decrease the fungi diversity and changed the fungi structure to increase fungal pathogen loads, which could explain the declined yield and quality of ginseng in consecutively monocultured ginseng crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junfan Fu
- Department of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Idondo LF, Colombo RP, Recchi M, Silvani VA, Pérgola M, Martínez A, Godeas AM. Detection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with pecan ( Caryaillinoinensis) trees by molecular and morphological approaches. MycoKeys 2018:73-88. [PMID: 30564053 PMCID: PMC6286380 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.42.26118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community associated with pecan (Caryaillinoinensis) roots and rhizospheric soils was assessed by spore isolation and morphological characterisation and by pyrosequencing of AM molecular markers. The AM fungal community associated with pecan growing in the field, was always more diverse than that associated with pecan growing in containers. This was not observed when AM richness was studied, suggesting that soil disturbance by a reduction in host plant richness leads to a less equitable distribution of AM fungal species, in contrast to natural soils. The chosen primers (AMV4.5F/AMDGR) for pyrosequencing showed high AM fungal specificity. Based on 97% sequence similarity, 49 operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) were obtained and, amongst these, 41 MOTUs corresponded to the Glomeromycotaphylum. The number of obtained AM sequences ranged from 2164, associated with field samples, to 5572 obtained from pecan trap pot culture samples, defining 30 and 29 MOTUs, respectively. Richness estimated by conventional species identification was 6 and 9 AM fungal species in soil and pot samples, respectively. Claroideoglomuslamellosum, Funneliformismosseae and Entrophosporainfrequens were the only taxa detected using both techniques. Predominant sequences in the pecan rhizosphere samples, such as Rhizoglomusirregulare and other less abundant (Dominikiairanica, Dominikiaindica, Sclerocystissinuosa, Paraglomuslaccatum), were detected only by pyrosequencing. Detection of AM fungal species based on spore morphology, in combination with molecular approaches, provides a more comprehensive estimate of fungal community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fernández Idondo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología del Suelo. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Universitaria, 4to piso, Pabellón 2. 1428. Buenos Aires. Argentina Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - R P Colombo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología del Suelo. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Universitaria, 4to piso, Pabellón 2. 1428. Buenos Aires. Argentina Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - M Recchi
- Laboratorio de Microbiología del Suelo. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Universitaria, 4to piso, Pabellón 2. 1428. Buenos Aires. Argentina Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - V A Silvani
- Laboratorio de Microbiología del Suelo. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Universitaria, 4to piso, Pabellón 2. 1428. Buenos Aires. Argentina Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - M Pérgola
- Laboratorio de Microbiología del Suelo. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Universitaria, 4to piso, Pabellón 2. 1428. Buenos Aires. Argentina Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - A Martínez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología del Suelo. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Universitaria, 4to piso, Pabellón 2. 1428. Buenos Aires. Argentina Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - A M Godeas
- Laboratorio de Microbiología del Suelo. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Universitaria, 4to piso, Pabellón 2. 1428. Buenos Aires. Argentina Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
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Campos C, Carvalho M, Brígido C, Goss MJ, Nobre T. Symbiosis Specificity of the Preceding Host Plant Can Dominate but Not Obliterate the Association Between Wheat and Its Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Partners. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2920. [PMID: 30542338 PMCID: PMC6277769 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The symbiosis established between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and roots of most land plants plays a key role in plant nutrient acquisition and alleviation of environmental stresses. Despite the ubiquity of the symbiosis, AMF and host species display significant specificity in their interactions. To clarify preferential associations between wheat (Triticum aestivum) and AMF, we characterized root AMF communities in the transition from two first host species, ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) and yellow-serradella (Ornithopus compressus), grown separately or together, to a second host (wheat), by sequencing the large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) gene. The response of AMF communities in wheat to prior soil disturbance – and consequently of the mycelial network [intact extraradical mycelium (ERM) vs. disrupted mycelium] established with either of the first hosts – was also investigated. Since the outcome of a specific host–symbiont interaction depends on the molecular responses of the host plant upon microbial colonization, we studied the expression of six key symbiosis-related genes in wheat roots. AMF communities on L. rigidum and O. compressus roots were clearly distinct. Within an undisturbed ERM, wheat AMF communities were similar to that of previous host, and O. compressus-wheat-AMF interactions supported a greater growth of wheat than L. rigidum-wheat-AMF interactions. This effect declined when ERM was disrupted, but generated a greater activation of symbiotic genes in wheat, indicating that plant symbiotic program depends on some extent on the colonizing symbiont propagule type. When a mixture of L. rigidum and O. compressus was planted, the wheat colonization pattern resembled that of O. compressus, although this was not reflected in a greater growth. These results show a lasting effect of previous hosts in shaping wheat AMF communities through an efficient use of the established ERM, although not completely obliterating host–symbiont specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Campos
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Mário Carvalho
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Clarisse Brígido
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Michael J Goss
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Tânia Nobre
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
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Hugoni M, Luis P, Guyonnet J, Haichar FEZ. Plant host habitat and root exudates shape fungal diversity. MYCORRHIZA 2018; 28:451-463. [PMID: 30109473 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-018-0857-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The rhizospheric microbiome is clearly affected by plant species and certain of their functional traits. These functional traits allow plants to adapt to their environmental conditions by acquiring or conserving nutrients, thus defining different ecological resource-use plant strategies. In the present study, we investigated whether plants with one of the two nutrient-use strategies (conservative versus exploitative) could influence fungal communities involved in soil organic matter degradation and root exudate assimilation, as well as those colonizing root tissues. We applied a DNA-based, stable-isotope probing (DNA-SIP) approach to four grass species distributed along a gradient of plant nutrient resource strategies, ranging from conservative to exploitative species, and analyzed their associated mycobiota composition using a fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and Glomeromycotina 18S rRNA gene metabarcoding approach. Our results demonstrated that fungal taxa associated with exploitative and conservative plants could be separated into two general categories according to their location: generalists, which are broadly distributed among plants from each strategy and represent the core mycobiota of soil organic matter degraders, root exudate consumers in the root-adhering soil, and root colonizers; and specialists, which are locally abundant in one species and more specifically involved in soil organic matter degradation or root exudate assimilation on the root-adhering soil and the root tissues. Interestingly, for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi analysis, all plant roots were mainly colonized by Glomus species, whereas an increased diversity of Glomeromycotina genera was observed for the exploitative plant species Dactylis glomerata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Hugoni
- CNRS, UMR5557, Ecologie Microbienne, INRA, UMR1418, Université Lyon 1, 69220, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Patricia Luis
- CNRS, UMR5557, Ecologie Microbienne, INRA, UMR1418, Université Lyon 1, 69220, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Julien Guyonnet
- CNRS, UMR5557, Ecologie Microbienne, INRA, UMR1418, Université Lyon 1, 69220, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Feth El Zahar Haichar
- CNRS, UMR5557, Ecologie Microbienne, INRA, UMR1418, Université Lyon 1, 69220, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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Lücking R, Hawksworth DL. Formal description of sequence-based voucherless Fungi: promises and pitfalls, and how to resolve them. IMA Fungus 2018; 9:143-166. [PMID: 30018876 PMCID: PMC6048566 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.01.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is urgent need for a formal nomenclature of sequence-based, voucherless Fungi, given that environmental sequencing has accumulated more than one billion fungal ITS reads in the Sequence Read Archive, about 1,000 times as many as fungal ITS sequences in GenBank. These unnamed Fungi could help to bridge the gap between 115,000 to 140,000 currently accepted and 2.2 to 3.8 million predicted species, a gap that cannot realistically be filled using specimen or culture-based inventories. The Code never aimed at placing restrictions on the nature of characters chosen for taxonomy, and the requirement for physical types is now becoming a constraint on the advancement of science. We elaborate on the promises and pitfalls of sequence-based nomenclature and provide potential solutions to major concerns of the mycological community. Types of sequence-based taxa, which by default lack a physical specimen or culture, could be designated in four alternative ways: (1) the underlying sample ('bag' type), (2) the DNA extract, (3) fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), or (4) the type sequence itself. Only (4) would require changes to the Code and the latter would be the most straightforward approach, complying with three of the five principal functions of types better than physical specimens. A fifth way, representation of the sequence in an illustration, has been ruled as unacceptable in the Code. Potential flaws in sequence data are analogous to flaws in physical types, and artifacts are manageable if a stringent analytical approach is applied. Conceptual errors such as homoplasy, intragenomic variation, gene duplication, hybridization, and horizontal gene transfer, apply to all molecular approaches and cannot be used as a specific argument against sequence-based nomenclature. The potential impact of these phenomena is manageable, as phylogenetic species delimitation has worked satisfactorily in Fungi. The most serious shortcoming of sequence-based nomenclature is the likelihood of parallel classifications, either by describing taxa that already have names based on physical types, or by using different markers to delimit species within the same lineage. The probability of inadvertently establishing sequence-based species that have names available is between 20.4 % and 1.5 % depending on the number of globally predicted fungal species. This compares favourably to a historical error rate of about 30 % based on physical types, and this rate could be reduced to practically zero by adding specific provisions to this approach in the Code. To avoid parallel classifications based on different markers, sequence-based nomenclature should be limited to a single marker, preferably the fungal ITS barcoding marker; this is possible since sequence-based nomenclature does not aim at accurate species delimitation but at naming lineages to generate a reference database, independent of whether these lineages represent species, closely related species complexes, or infraspecies. We argue that clustering methods are inappropriate for sequence-based nomenclature; this approach must instead use phylogenetic methods based on multiple alignments, combined with quantitative species recognition methods. We outline strategies to obtain higher-level phylogenies for ITS-based, voucherless species, including phylogenetic binning, 'hijacking' species delimitation methods, and temporal banding. We conclude that voucherless, sequence-based nomenclature is not a threat to specimen and culture-based fungal taxonomy, but a complementary approach capable of substantially closing the gap between known and predicted fungal diversity, an approach that requires careful work and high skill levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lücking
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 6–8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - David L. Hawksworth
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; and Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province,130118 China
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50
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Ellouze W, Hamel C, Singh AK, Mishra V, DePauw RM, Knox RE. Abundance of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal taxa associated with the roots and rhizosphere soil of different durum wheat cultivars in the Canadian prairies. Can J Microbiol 2018; 64:527-536. [PMID: 29633625 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2017-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the variation in how wheat genotypes shape their arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities in a prairie environment is foundational to breeding for enhanced AM fungi-wheat interactions. The AM fungal communities associated with 32 durum wheat genotypes were described by pyrosequencing of amplicons. The experiment was set up at two locations in the Canadian prairies. The intensively managed site was highly dominated by Funneliformis. Genotype influenced the AM fungal community in the rhizosphere soil, but there was no evidence of a differential genotype effect on the AM fungal community of durum wheat roots. The influence of durum wheat genotype on the AM fungal community of the soil was less important at the intensively managed site. Certain durum wheat genotypes, such as Strongfield, Plenty, and CDC Verona, were associated with high abundance of Paraglomus, and Dominikia was undetected in the rhizosphere of the recent cultivars Enterprise, Eurostar, Commander, and Brigade. Genetic variation in the association of durum wheat with AM fungi suggests the possibility of increasing the sustainability of cropping systems through the use of durum wheat genotypes that select highly effective AM fungal taxa residing in the agricultural soils of the Canadian prairies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Ellouze
- a Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 1030, 1 Airport Road, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada.,b Crop Diversification Centre South, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, 301 Horticultural Station Road East, Brooks, AB T1R 1E6, Canada
| | - Chantal Hamel
- a Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 1030, 1 Airport Road, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada
| | - Asheesh K Singh
- c Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, 1501 Agronomy Hall, Ames, IA 50011-1010, USA
| | - Vachaspati Mishra
- b Crop Diversification Centre South, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, 301 Horticultural Station Road East, Brooks, AB T1R 1E6, Canada
| | - Ron M DePauw
- a Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 1030, 1 Airport Road, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada.,d Advancing Wheat Technology, 870 Field Drive, Swift Current, SK S9H 4N5, Canada
| | - Ron E Knox
- a Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 1030, 1 Airport Road, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada
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