1
|
Ge T, Ning B, Wu Y, Chen X, Qi H, Wang H, Zhao M. MicroRNA-specific therapeutic targets and biomarkers of apoptosis following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:2499-2521. [PMID: 37878166 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are single-stranded non-coding RNAs that participate in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, it is involved in the regulation of apoptosis after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. For example, the alteration of mitochondrial structure is facilitated by MicroRNA-1 through the regulation of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax and Bcl-2, thereby mitigating cardiomyocyte apoptosis. MicroRNA-21 not only modulates the expression of NF-κB to suppress inflammatory signals but also activates the PI3K/AKT pathway to mitigate ischemia-reperfusion injury. Overexpression of MicroRNA-133 attenuates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and suppressed the oxidative stress response, thereby mitigating cellular apoptosis. MicroRNA-139 modulates the extrinsic death signal of Fas, while MicroRNA-145 regulates endoplasmic reticulum calcium overload, both of which exert regulatory effects on cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Therefore, the article categorizes the molecular mechanisms based on the three classical pathways and multiple signaling pathways of apoptosis. It summarizes the targets and pathways of MicroRNA therapy for ischemia-reperfusion injury and analyzes future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ge
- School of Graduate, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Bo Ning
- School of Graduate, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yongqing Wu
- School of Graduate, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Hongfei Qi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Mingjun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Deputy 2, Weiyang West Road, Weicheng District, Xianyang, 712000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang G, Zhang M, Wang M, Xu W, Duan X, Han X, Ren J. Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ agonist, induces cell death and inhibits the proliferation of hypoxic HepG2 cells by promoting excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:160. [PMID: 38449795 PMCID: PMC10915805 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumors. Hypoxic cancer cells adjust their metabolic characteristics to regulate the production of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and facilitate ROS-mediated metastasis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor that regulates the transcription of fatty acid metabolism-related genes that have a key role in the survival and proliferation function of hypoxic cancer cells. In the present study, mRNA expression in HepG2 cells under chemically induced hypoxia was assessed. The protein expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) were measured using western blotting. Following treatment with the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone, cell viability was assessed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, whilst cell proliferation and death were determined using 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation staining, and calcein-acetoxymethyl ester and propidium iodide staining, respectively. Cellular ROS production was assessed using dihydroethidium staining. Cobalt chloride was used to induce hypoxia in HepG2 cells, which was evaluated using HIF-1α expression. The results revealed that the mRNA expression of PPARγ, CD36, acetyl-co-enzyme A dehydrogenase (ACAD) medium chain (ACADM) and ACAD short-chain (ACADS) was downregulated in hypoxic HepG2 cells. The PPARγ agonist pioglitazone decreased the cell viability of hypoxic HepG2 cells by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell death. Following treatment with the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone, hypoxic HepG2 cells produced excessive ROS. ROS-mediated cell death induced by the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone was rescued with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine. The downregulated mRNA expression of PPARγ, CD36, ACADM and ACADS was not reverted by a PPARγ agonist in hypoxic HepG2 cells. By contrast, the PPARγ agonist suppressed the mRNA expression of BCL2, which was upregulated in hypoxic HepG2 cells. In summary, the PPARγ agonist stimulated excessive ROS production to inhibit cell proliferation and increase the death of hypoxic HepG2 cells by decreasing BCL2 mRNA expression, suggesting a negative association between PPARγ and BCL2 in the regulation of ROS production in hypoxic HepG2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guohao Huang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 P.R. China
| | - Mengfan Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 P.R. China
| | - Manzhou Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 P.R. China
| | - Wenze Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 P.R. China
| | - Xuhua Duan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 P.R. China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 P.R. China
| | - Jianzhuang Ren
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu L, Gao Y, Aaron N, Qiang L. A glimpse of the connection between PPARγ and macrophage. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1254317. [PMID: 37701041 PMCID: PMC10493289 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1254317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are ligand-regulated transcription factors that regulate vast cellular activities and serve as an important class of drug targets. Among them, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor family and have been extensively studied for their roles in metabolism, differentiation, development, and cancer, among others. Recently, there has been considerable interest in understanding and defining the function of PPARs and their agonists in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses and their pharmacological potential in combating chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we focus on emerging evidence for the potential role of PPARγ in macrophage biology, which is the prior innate immune executive in metabolic and tissue homeostasis. We also discuss the role of PPARγ as a regulator of macrophage function in inflammatory diseases. Lastly, we discuss the possible application of PPARγ antagonists in metabolic pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lexiang Yu
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yuen Gao
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Nicole Aaron
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Li Qiang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Weber BY, Brenner GB, Kiss B, Gergely TG, Sayour NV, Tian H, Makkos A, Görbe A, Ferdinandy P, Giricz Z. Rosiglitazone Does Not Show Major Hidden Cardiotoxicity in Models of Ischemia/Reperfusion but Abolishes Ischemic Preconditioning-Induced Antiarrhythmic Effects in Rats In Vivo. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091055. [PMID: 36145276 PMCID: PMC9503202 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations are highly inconsistent with the use of the antidiabetic rosiglitazone regarding its associated increased risk of myocardial infarction. This may be due to its hidden cardiotoxic properties that have only become evident during post-marketing studies. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the hidden cardiotoxicity of rosiglitazone in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury models. Rats were treated orally with either 0.8 mg/kg/day rosiglitazone or vehicle for 28 days and subjected to I/R with or without cardioprotective ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Rosiglitazone did not affect mortality, arrhythmia score, or infarct size during I/R. However, rosiglitazone abolished the antiarrhythmic effects of IPC. To investigate the direct effect of rosiglitazone on cardiomyocytes, we utilized adult rat cardiomyocytes (ARCMs), AC16, and differentiated AC16 (diffAC16) human cardiac cell lines. These were subjected to simulated I/R in the presence of rosiglitazone. Rosiglitazone improved cell survival of ARCMs at 0.3 μM. At 0.1 and 0.3 μM, rosiglitazone improved cell survival of AC16s but not that of diffAC16s. This is the first demonstration that chronic administration of rosiglitazone does not result in major hidden cardiotoxic effects in myocardial I/R injury models. However, the inhibition of the antiarrhythmic effects of IPC may have some clinical relevance that needs to be further explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bennet Y. Weber
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor B. Brenner
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Kiss
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás G. Gergely
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nabil V. Sayour
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Huimin Tian
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Makkos
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Görbe
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang X, Ma Q, Chen L, Wu H, Chen LQ, Qiao F, Luo Y, Zhang ML, Du ZY. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is essential for stress adaptation by maintaining lipid homeostasis in female fish. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159162. [PMID: 35427795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of lipid synthesis often causes free fatty acid (FFA) overload, resulting consequential oxidative stress and health damage. Environmental stresses also induce cellular oxidative stress in organisms. The functional peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (pparg) gene is essential for lipid synthesis and homeostatic lipid maintenance. However, the relationship between the pparg-mediated lipid synthesis and environmental stress adaptation awaits full elucidation. Here, we generated a pparg-knockout zebrafish model. The conversion of free fatty acids into triglycerides in the female pparg mutants was hampered by reduced esterification efficiency, thus induced lipotoxicity, as evidenced by high oxidative stress and damaged health in these mutants, which led to reduced resistance to cold, heat and ammonia nitrogen stresses. Activating pparg in the wild-type female fish via dietary supplementation with rosiglitazone (a pparg agonist), or reducing oxidative stress in the female pparg mutants via dietary supplementation with N-acetylcysteine (an antioxidant), or promoting mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation in the female pparg mutants via dietary supplementation with l-carnitine, resulted in significantly reduced cellular injury, and improved environmental stress resistance. Collectively, our findings reveal that the regulative function of pparg in FFA esterification is important in stress resistance in female fish, and highlight the tight correlation existing between lipotoxicity and environmental adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hongxia Wu
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fang Qiao
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liang Z, Chen Y, Wang Z, Wu X, Deng C, Wang C, Yang W, Tian Y, Zhang S, Lu C, Yang Y. Protective effects and mechanisms of psoralidin against adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity. J Adv Res 2021; 40:249-261. [PMID: 36100330 PMCID: PMC9481943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
|
7
|
PPAR γ Plays an Important Role in Acute Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via AMPK/mTOR Pathway. PPAR Res 2021; 2021:6626295. [PMID: 34285690 PMCID: PMC8275421 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6626295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is one of the severe complications associated with liver surgery and leads to liver dysfunction. PPARγ is always linked with various physiologic pathways, and it can alleviate liver damage in IR injury. Aim In this study, we explored the potential mechanism of PPARγ in the pathogenesis of hepatic IR injury by mice model. Methods After treated with si-PPARγ or rosiglitazone, mice were subjected to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. Liver tissue and blood samples were collected to evaluate liver injury and detected relative mRNA and protein expressions. Results The expression of PPARγ was increased after reperfusion. And the alleviation of PPARγ aggravated the liver damage in IR; at the same time, upregulation of the expression of PPARγ released the liver damage. And these effects of PPARγ in IR were related to the AMPK/mTOR/autophagy signaling pathway. Conclusion PPARγ plays an important role in hepatic IR injury at least partly via the AMPK/mTOR/autophagy pathway.
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu B, Xing A, Li S. The forgotten type 2 diabetes mellitus medicine: rosiglitazone. Diabetol Int 2021; 13:49-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s13340-021-00519-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
9
|
PER2-mediated ameloblast differentiation via PPARγ/AKT1/β-catenin axis. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:16. [PMID: 34011974 PMCID: PMC8134554 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is involved in the development and diseases of many tissues. However, as an essential environmental regulating factor, its effect on amelogenesis has not been fully elucidated. The present study aims to investigate the correlation between circadian rhythm and ameloblast differentiation and to explore the mechanism by which circadian genes regulate ameloblast differentiation. Circadian disruption models were constructed in mice for in vivo experiments. An ameloblast-lineage cell (ALC) line was used for in vitro studies. As essential molecules of the circadian system, Bmal1 and Per2 exhibited circadian expression in ALCs. Circadian disruption mice showed reduced amelogenin (AMELX) expression and enamel matrix secretion and downregulated expression of BMAL1, PER2, PPARγ, phosphorylated AKT1 and β-catenin, cytokeratin-14 and F-actin in ameloblasts. According to previous findings and our study, BMAL1 positively regulated PER2. Therefore, the present study focused on PER2-mediated ameloblast differentiation and enamel formation. Per2 knockdown decreased the expression of AMELX, PPARγ, phosphorylated AKT1 and β-catenin, promoted nuclear β-catenin accumulation, inhibited mineralization and altered the subcellular localization of E-cadherin in ALCs. Overexpression of PPARγ partially reversed the above results in Per2-knockdown ALCs. Furthermore, in in vivo experiments, the length of incisor eruption was significantly decreased in the circadian disturbance group compared to that in the control group, which was rescued by using a PPARγ agonist in circadian disturbance mice. In conclusion, through regulation of the PPARγ/AKT1/β-catenin signalling axis, PER2 played roles in amelogenin expression, cell junctions and arrangement, enamel matrix secretion and mineralization during ameloblast differentiation, which exert effects on enamel formation.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tokutome M, Matoba T, Nakano Y, Okahara A, Fujiwara M, Koga JI, Nakano K, Tsutsui H, Egashira K. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma targeting nanomedicine promotes cardiac healing after acute myocardial infarction by skewing monocyte/macrophage polarization in preclinical animal models. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:419-431. [PMID: 30084995 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Monocyte-mediated inflammation is a major mechanism underlying myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and the healing process after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, no definitive anti-inflammatory therapies have been developed for clinical use. Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) agonist, has unique anti-inflammatory effects on monocytes/macrophages. Here, we tested the hypothesis that nanoparticle (NP)-mediated targeting of pioglitazone to monocytes/macrophages ameliorates IR injury and cardiac remodelling in preclinical animal models. Methods and results We formulated poly (lactic acid/glycolic acid) NPs containing pioglitazone (pioglitazone-NPs). In a mouse IR model, these NPs were delivered predominantly to circulating monocytes and macrophages in the IR heart. Intravenous treatment with pioglitazone-NPs at the time of reperfusion attenuated IR injury. This effect was abrogated by pre-treatment with the PPARγ antagonist GW9662. In contrast, treatment with a pioglitazone solution had no therapeutic effects on IR injury. Pioglitazone-NPs inhibited Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocyte recruitment as well as inflammatory gene expression in the IR hearts. In a mouse myocardial infarction model, intravenous treatment with pioglitazone-NPs for three consecutive days, starting 6 h after left anterior descending artery ligation, attenuated cardiac remodelling by reducing macrophage recruitment and polarizing macrophages towards the pro-healing M2 phenotype. Furthermore, pioglitazone-NPs significantly decreased mortality after MI. Finally, in a conscious porcine model of myocardial IR, pioglitazone-NPs induced cardioprotection from reperfused infarction, thus providing pre-clinical proof of concept. Conclusion NP-mediated targeting of pioglitazone to inflammatory monocytes protected the heart from IR injury and cardiac remodelling by antagonizing monocyte/macrophage-mediated acute inflammation and promoting cardiac healing after AMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Tokutome
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Arihide Okahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Koga
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine, Center for Disruptive Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kaku Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine, Center for Disruptive Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kensuke Egashira
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine, Center for Disruptive Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dai Y, Wang Z, Quan M, Lv Y, Li Y, Xin HB, Qian Y. Asiatic acid protests against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via modulation of glycometabolism in rat cardiomyocyte. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3573-3582. [PMID: 30498333 PMCID: PMC6207266 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s175116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Asiatic acid is a reported glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor derived from the tropical medicinal plant Centella asiatica and exhibits myocardial protection both in vivo and in vitro. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of asiatic acid on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and investigate the underlying mechanisms associated with the modulation of glycometabolism in cardiomyocyte. Materials and methods The rats were subjected to MI/R with or without asiatic acid pretreatment. The cardiac function indexes, the size of myocardial infarction, and plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities were detected. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL assay. The Akt/GSK-3β activation was measured by Western blot. The glycogen content, plasma glucose and lactate concentrations were determined following MI/R. The mRNA and protein levels of PPARγ and GLUT4 were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results Asiatic acid pretreatment significantly improved the cardiac function indexes, attenuated the size of myocardial infarction, reduced LDH and CK activities, and suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis after MI/R. Asiatic acid activated Akt/GSK-3β signal pathway in the myocardium following MI/R injury. In addition, asiatic acid effectively suppressed MI/R-induced glycogen breakdown and inhibited the elevation of plasma glucose and lactate concentrations. Asiatic acid treatment increased PPARγ expression at both mRNA and protein levels, and promoted the translocation of GLUT4 to plasma membrane after MI/R insult. However, the effects mediated by asiatic acid on glycometabolism and GLUT4 translocation were reversed by the administration of LY294002, the Akt inhibitor. Conclusion These findings demonstrated that asiatic acid exerts beneficial effects on MI/R injury in rats. This protection may be related to the modulation of glycometabolism via Akt-dependent GLUT4 translocation and PPARγ activation in ischemic cardiomyocyte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China, ;
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China, ;
| | - Minxue Quan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China, ;
| | - Yanni Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330046, China
| | - Yunman Li
- Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China, ;
| | - Yisong Qian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China, ;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shen ZX, Yang QZ, Li C, Du LJ, Sun XN, Liu Y, Sun JY, Gu HH, Sun YM, Wang J, Duan SZ. Myeloid peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma deficiency aggravates myocardial infarction in mice. Atherosclerosis 2018; 274:199-205. [PMID: 29800789 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in clinical trials and animal experiments. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. We aimed to reveal the functions of myeloid Pparγ in MI and explore the potential mechanisms in this study. METHODS Myeloid Pparγ knockout (MPGKO) mice (n = 12) and control mice (n = 8) underwent coronary artery ligation to induce MI. Another cohort of MPGKO mice and control mice underwent coronary artery ligation and were then treated with IgG or neutralizing antibodies against interleukin (IL)-1β. Infarct size was determined by TTC staining and cardiac function was measured using echocardiography. Conditioned media from GW9662- or vehicle-treated macrophages were used to treat H9C2 cardiomyocyte cell line. Gene expression was analyzed using quantitative PCR. Reactive oxygen species were measured using flow cytometry. RESULTS Myeloid Pparγ deficiency significantly increased myocardial infarct size. Cardiac hypertrophy was also exacerbated in MPGKO mice, with upregulation of β-myosin heavy chain (Mhc) and brain natriuretic peptide (Bnp) and downregulation of α-Mhc in the non-infarcted zone. Conditioned media from GW9662-treated macrophages increased expression of β-Mhc and Bnp in H9C2 cells. Echocardiographic measurements showed that MPGKO mice had worsen cardiac dysfunction after MI. Myeloid Pparγ deficiency increased gene expression of NADPH oxidase subunits (Nox2 and Nox4) in the non-infarcted zone after MI. Conditioned media from GW9662-treated macrophages increased reactive oxygen species in H9C2 cells. Expression of inflammatory genes such as IL-1β and IL-6 was upregulated in the non-infarcted zone of MPGKO mice after MI. With the injection of neutralizing antibodies against IL-1β, control mice and MPGKO mice had comparable cardiac function and expression of inflammatory genes after MI. CONCLUSIONS Myeloid Pparγ deficiency exacerbates MI, likely through increased oxidative stress and cardiac inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Xia Shen
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China; Department of Cardiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qing-Zhen Yang
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chao Li
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lin-Juan Du
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xue-Nan Sun
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Jian-Yong Sun
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Hui-Hui Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yu-Min Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
PPAR γ Antagonizes Hypoxia-Induced Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cell through Cross Mediating PI3K/AKT and cGMP/PKG Signaling. PPAR Res 2018; 2018:6970407. [PMID: 29686697 PMCID: PMC5852857 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6970407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Accumulating evidence reveals that PPARγ plays a unique role in the regulation of hepatic fibrosis and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. This study was aimed at investigating the role of PPARγ in hypoxia-induced hepatic fibrogenesis and its possible mechanism. Methods Rats used for CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis model were exposed to hypoxia for 8 hours each day. Rats exposed to hypoxia were treated with or without the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. Liver sections were stained with HE and Sirius red staining 8 weeks later. HSCs were exposed to hypoxic environment in the presence or absence of rosiglitazone, and expression of PPARγ and two fibrosis markers, α-SMA and desmin, were measured using western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Next, levels of PPARγ, α-SMA, and desmin as well as PKG and cGMP activity were detected using PI3K/AKT and a cGMP activator or inhibitor. Results Hypoxia promoted the induction and progress of hepatic fibrosis and HSCs activation. Meanwhile, rosiglitazone significantly antagonized the effects induced by hypoxia. Signaling by sGC/cGMP/PKG promoted the inhibitory effect of PPARγ on hypoxia-induced activation of HSCs. Moreover, PI3K/AKT signaling or PDE5 blocked the above response of PPARγ. Conclusion sGC/cGMP/PKG and PI3K/AKT signals act on PPARγ synergistically to attenuate hypoxia-induced HSC activation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Effects of prenatal PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone exposure on rat hippocampus development in a time-dependent manner: A stereological and histopathological study. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:827-835. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327117730883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rosiglitazone is in the thiazolidinedione class of drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It works as an insulin sensitizer by binding to the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma. We investigated the effects of prenatally administered rosiglitazone on pyramidal cell numbers and morphologies in the hippocampus at postnatal period using histochemical and stereological techniques, congenital morphological properties and the number of offspring in rats. Eighteen female rats were grouped into control (C), low-dose rosiglitazone (LDR) and high-dose rosiglitazone (HDR). LDR pregnant rats received 2 mg/kg/day of rosiglitazone via oral gavage during the first 16 days of the pregnancy. HDR rats received 5 mg/kg/day. The infants were grouped into newborn (NB), 4 week (4 W) and 12 week (12 W). A side from histopathologic and congenital assessments, stereological analyses were performed using the optical fractionator method. Congenital anomaly was not detected in any of the rosiglitazone treatment groups, and their number of offspring was similar to that of the C group. Stereological counts revealed a significant reduction in the number of hippocampal pyramidal cells in the C and LDR groups but not in the HDR group until birth to 12th week. When NB groups were compared, the number of pyramidal cells in the HDRNB group was less than those in the LDRNB and CNB groups. HDR affected apoptosis or the proliferation and maturation of progenitor cells to the pyramidal neuron during neurodevelopment in the hippocampus, whereas LDR did not adversely affect neuronal development and did not cause congenital anomalies.
Collapse
|
15
|
Cho H, Um J, Lee JH, Kim WH, Kang WS, Kim SH, Ha HH, Kim YC, Ahn YK, Jung DW, Williams DR. ENOblock, a unique small molecule inhibitor of the non-glycolytic functions of enolase, alleviates the symptoms of type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44186. [PMID: 28272459 PMCID: PMC5341156 DOI: 10.1038/srep44186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly impacts on human health and patient numbers are predicted to rise. Discovering novel drugs and targets for treating T2DM is a research priority. In this study, we investigated targeting of the glycolysis enzyme, enolase, using the small molecule ENOblock, which binds enolase and modulates its non-glycolytic ‘moonlighting’ functions. In insulin-responsive cells ENOblock induced enolase nuclear translocation, where this enzyme acts as a transcriptional repressor. In a mammalian model of T2DM, ENOblock treatment reduced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Liver and kidney tissue of ENOblock-treated mice showed down-regulation of known enolase target genes and reduced enolase enzyme activity. Indicators of secondary diabetic complications, such as tissue apoptosis, inflammatory markers and fibrosis were inhibited by ENOblock treatment. Compared to the well-characterized anti-diabetes drug, rosiglitazone, ENOblock produced greater beneficial effects on lipid homeostasis, fibrosis, inflammatory markers, nephrotoxicity and cardiac hypertrophy. ENOblock treatment was associated with the down-regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, which are known to produce anti-diabetic effects. In summary, these findings indicate that ENOblock has potential for therapeutic development to treat T2DM. Previously considered as a ‘boring’ housekeeping gene, these results also implicate enolase as a novel drug target for T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haaglim Cho
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - JungIn Um
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyung Lee
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Hee Kim
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Seok Kang
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 671 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Korea
| | - So Hun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Inha University School of Medicine, 400-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Ha
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540950, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chul Kim
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Keun Ahn
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 671 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Darren R Williams
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shan H, Zhang S, Wei X, Li X, Qi H, He Y, Liu A, Luo D, Yu X. Protection of endothelial cells against Ang II-induced impairment: Involvement of both PPARα and PPARγ via PI3K/Akt pathway. Clin Exp Hypertens 2016; 38:571-577. [PMID: 27650941 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2016.1174248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HaiYan Shan
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siyang Zhang
- Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huimeng Qi
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yini He
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ao Liu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Donghui Luo
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaosong Yu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang J, Ma Y, Sachs F, Li J, Suchyna TM. GsMTx4-D is a cardioprotectant against myocardial infarction during ischemia and reperfusion. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 98:83-94. [PMID: 27423272 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
GsMTx4 is a selective inhibitor of cationic mechanosensitive ion channels (MSCs) and has helped establish the role of MSCs in cardiac physiology. Inhomogeneous local mechanical stresses due to hypercontracture and swelling during ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) likely induce elevated MSC activity that can contribute to cation imbalance. The aim of this study was to determine if the D enantiomer of GsMTx4 can act as a cardioprotectant in a mouse IRI model. Ischemia and reperfusion involved ligating a coronary artery followed by release of the ligature. GsMTx4-D was tested by either acute intravenous injection during the ischemic event or by two day pretreatment by intraperitoneal injection, both methods achieving similar results. Based on pharmacokinetic studies, GsMTx4-D dosage was set to achieve expected plasma concentrations between 50 and 5000nM and heart tissue concentrations between 1 and 200nM by intravenous injection. Relative to vehicle injected animals, GsMTx4-D reduced infarct area by ~40% for acute and pretreated animals for both 20 and 45min ischemic challenges. Many indicators of cardiac output were indistinguishable from sham-treated control hearts after GsMTx4-D treatment showing improvement at both 4 and 48h post ischemia, and premature ventricular beats immediately following reperfusion were also significantly reduced. To determine if GsMTx4-D cardioprotection could act directly at the level of cardiomyocytes, we tested its effects in vitro on indicators of IRI damage like cation influx and activation of inflammatory kinases in isolated myocytes cultured under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia challenged cardiomyocytes treated with 10μM GsMTx4-D showed improved contractility and near normal contraction-related Ca(2+) influx. GsMTx4-D inhibited indicators of ischemic damage such as the apoptotic signaling system JNK/c-Jun, but also inhibited the energy response signaling system Akt kinase. We conclude that GsMTx4-D is a potent cardioprotectant in vivo that may act directly on cardiomyocytes and potentially be useful in multidrug strategies to treat IRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Yina Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Frederick Sachs
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Thomas M Suchyna
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zeng XC, Li L, Wen H, Bi Q. MicroRNA-128 inhibition attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by the targeted activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:129-36. [PMID: 27150726 PMCID: PMC4918621 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of microRNA (miR)-128 inhibition on the targeted activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) and on cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In vitro, the expression of PPARG was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) and HEK293 cells transfected with the mimics or inhibitors of miR-128 or control RNA. Luciferase reporter assays were used to identify whether PPARG is a direct target of miR-128. In vivo, miR-128 was knocked down via ear vein injection of antagomir-128 in a rabbit myocardial I/R injury model. Western blotting investigated the activation of Akt [phosphorylated (p)-Akt] and the expression of total-Akt, PPARG and myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein-1 (Mcl-1) in the myocardium. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was examined with transmission electron microscropy and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. PPARG mRNA and protein were downregulated in NRVMs transfected with miR-128 mimics, but upregulated by antagomir-128 compared with control. This indicates that PPARG is a direct miR-128 target. Activation of Akt (p-Akt), Mcl-1 and PPARG expression in the myocardium were increased by miR-128 inhibition. Furthermore, miR-128 antagomirs significantly reduced apoptosis in hearts subjected to I/R injury, which was blocked by the PPARG inhibitor GW9662. In conclusion, miR-128 inhibition attenuated I/R injury-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by the targeted activation of PPARG signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cong Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qi Bi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jia Y, Wu C, Kim J, Kim B, Lee SJ. Astaxanthin reduces hepatic lipid accumulations in high-fat-fed C57BL/6J mice via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and inhibition of PPAR gamma and Akt. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 28:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
20
|
Kajabadi NS, Ghoochani A, Peymani M, Ghaedi K, Kiani-Esfahani A, Hashemi MS, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Baharvand H. The Synergistic Enhancement of Cloning Efficiency in Individualized Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Peroxisome Proliferative-activated Receptor-γ (PPARγ) Activation and Rho-associated Kinase (ROCK) Inhibition. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:26303-13. [PMID: 26336103 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.624841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide valuable sources for regenerative medicine, their applicability is dependent on obtaining both suitable up-scaled and cost effective cultures. The Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 permits hPSC survival upon dissociation; however, cloning efficiency is often still low. Here we have shown that pioglitazone, a selective peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor-γ agonist, along with Y-27632 synergistically diminished dissociation-induced apoptosis and increased cloning efficiency (2-3-fold versus Y-27632) without affecting pluripotency of hPSCs. Pioglitazone exerted its positive effect by inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3) activity and enhancement of membranous β-catenin and E-cadherin proteins. These effects were reversed by GW-9662, an irreversible peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor-γ antagonist. This novel setting provided a step toward hPSC manipulation and its biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasim-Sadat Kajabadi
- From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran
| | - Ali Ghoochani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan 8165131378, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan 8165131378, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran, Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan 8165131378, Iran,
| | - Abbas Kiani-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan 8165131378, Iran
| | - Motahareh-Sadat Hashemi
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan 8165131378, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan 8165131378, Iran,
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran, and
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Peng X, Chen R, Wu Y, Huang B, Tang C, Chen J, Wang Q, Wu Q, Yang J, Qiu H, Jiang Q. PPARγ-PI3K/AKT-NO signal pathway is involved in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by high glucose and insulin. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:755-60. [PMID: 26045205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of the PPARγ-PI3K/AKT-NO signaling pathway in cardiac hypertrophy induced by high glucose and insulin. METHODS Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by high glucose (25.5 mmol/L) and insulin (0.1 μmol/L) (HGI) was characterized in rat primary cardiomyocytes by measuring the cell surface area, protein content, and atrial natriuretic factor mRNA expression level. Protein and mRNA expressions were measured by Western blotting and real time RT-PCR, respectively. A spectrophotometric assay was used to measure the enzymatic concentration of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), and the Griess assay measured the NO concentration. RESULTS HGI induced significant cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and decreased the expression of PPARγ, AKT and eNOS at the mRNA and protein levels, which occurred in parallel with declining eNOS activity and NO concentration (P<0.05). The effects of HGI were inhibited by rosiglitazone (0.1 μmol/L), a selective PPARγ agonist (P<0.05). However, GW9662, a selective PPARγ antagonist, abolished the effects of rosiglitazone (P<0.05). LY294002, a PI3K/AKT inhibitor, and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester, an NOS inhibitor, partially blocked the effects of rosiglitazone (P<0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the PPARγ-PI3K/AKT-NO signal transduction pathway might be involved in HGI-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rongchun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Cuiping Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiafei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Quanhua Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hongmei Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zirpoli H, Abdillahi M, Quadri N, Ananthakrishnan R, Wang L, Rosario R, Zhu Z, Deckelbaum RJ, Ramasamy R. Acute administration of n-3 rich triglyceride emulsions provides cardioprotection in murine models after ischemia-reperfusion. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116274. [PMID: 25559887 PMCID: PMC4283969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary n-3 fatty acids (FAs) may reduce cardiovascular disease risk. We questioned whether acute administration of n-3 rich triglyceride (TG) emulsions could preserve cardiac function and decrease injury after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) insult. We used two different experimental models: in vivo, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to acute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and ex-vivo, C57BL/6 murine hearts were perfused using Langendorff technique (LT). In the LAD model, mice treated with n-3 TG emulsion (1.5g/kg body weight), immediately after ischemia and 1h later during reperfusion, significantly reduced infarct size and maintained cardiac function (p<0.05). In the LT model, administration of n-3 TG emulsion (300mgTG/100ml) during reperfusion significantly improved functional recovery (p<0.05). In both models, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, as a marker of injury, were significantly reduced by n-3 TG emulsion. To investigate the mechanisms by which n-3 FAs protects hearts from I/R injury, we investigated changes in key pathways linked to cardioprotection. In the ex-vivo model, we showed that n-3 FAs increased phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3β proteins (p<0.05). Acute n-3 TG emulsion treatment also increased Bcl-2 protein level and reduced an autophagy marker, Beclin-1 (p<0.05). Additionally, cardioprotection by n-3 TG emulsion was linked to changes in PPARγ protein expression (p<0.05). Rosiglitazone and p-AKT inhibitor counteracted the positive effect of n-3 TG; GSK3β inhibitor plus n-3 TG significantly inhibited LDH release. We conclude that acute n-3 TG injection during reperfusion provides cardioprotection. This may prove to be a novel acute adjunctive reperfusion therapy after treating patients with myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hylde Zirpoli
- Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mariane Abdillahi
- Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nosirudeen Quadri
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Radha Ananthakrishnan
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lingjie Wang
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rosa Rosario
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zhengbin Zhu
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Deckelbaum
- Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (R. Ramasamy); (RJD)
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (R. Ramasamy); (RJD)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The PPARγ Agonist Protects Cardiomyocytes from Oxidative Stress and ApoptosisviaThioredoxin Overexpression. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:2181-7. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
24
|
Kristen AV, Ackermann K, Buss S, Lehmann L, Schnabel PA, Haunstetter A, Katus HA, Hardt SE. Inhibition of apoptosis by the intrinsic but not the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Cardiovasc Pathol 2013; 22:280-6. [PMID: 23410819 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY The detailed molecular mechanisms following activation of apoptosis in ischemia-reperfusion injury are unknown. This study using different transgenic mouse models provided first evidence that apoptosis in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is rather linked to the mitochondrial pathway than to death receptor pathway. INTRODUCTION There is a wealth of evidence for activation of apoptosis in ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the understanding of detailed molecular mechanism is lacking. METHODS The extent of myocardial infarction after ligation of the left anterior descending artery in mice carrying different transgenes for inhibition of either the intrinsic or the extrinsic or a combination of both apoptotic cascades was evaluated. The extent of myocardial damage was assessed by echocardiographic determination of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV hemodynamics, troponin T, and histology. The rate of apoptosis was analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and caspase-3 staining. RESULTS Highest perioperative rate of death was observed in the dominant-negative form of a truncated Fas-associated death domain (FADD-DN) group. Infarction size by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was smaller in the Bcl-2, but not in the other groups as compared to wild-type mice. This was accompanied by lower troponin T values in Bcl-2 transgenic mice as compared to the all other groups. Troponin T correlated well with macroscopic extent of myocardial infarction by TTC staining. A lower decline of LV ejection fraction was seen in the Bcl-2 as compared to wild-type or FADD-DN mice. A smaller number of TUNEL- and caspase-3-positive myocyte nuclei were observed in the Bcl-2 and FADD-DN group as compared to wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS We provide first evidence for protective effects on the myocardium in a transgenic mouse model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion due to inhibition of the Bcl-2, but not the FADD pathway despite that reduced apoptotic cells were observed in both groups as compared to wild-type mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnt V Kristen
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yu L, Jin X, Cui N, Wu Y, Shi Z, Zhu D, Jiang C. Rosiglitazone selectively inhibits K(ATP) channels by acting on the K(IR) 6 subunit. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 167:26-36. [PMID: 22394376 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01934.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Rosiglitazone is an anti-diabetic drug acting as an insulin sensitizer. We recently found that rosiglitazone also inhibits the vascular isoform of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels and compromises vasodilatory effects of β-adrenoceptor activation and pinacidil. As its potency for the channel inhibition is in the micromolar range, rosiglitazone may be used as an effective K(ATP) channel inhibitor for research and therapeutic purposes. Therefore, we performed experiments to determine whether other isoforms of K(ATP) channels are also sensitive to rosiglitazone and what their sensitivities are. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH K(IR) 6.1/SUR2B, K(IR) 6.2/SUR1, K(IR) 6.2/SUR2A, K(IR) 6.2/SUR2B and K(IR) 6.2ΔC36 channels were expressed in HEK293 cells and were studied using patch-clamp techniques. KEY RESULTS Rosiglitazone inhibited all isoforms of K(ATP) channels in excised patches and in the whole-cell configuration. Its IC(50) was 10 µmol·L(-1) for the K(IR) 6.1/SUR2B channel and ∼45 µmol·L(-1) for K(IR) 6.2/SURx channels. Rosiglitazone also inhibited K(IR) 6.2ΔC36 channels in the absence of the sulphonylurea receptor (SUR) subunit, with potency (IC(50) = 45 µmol·L(-1) ) almost identical to that for K(IR) 6.2/SURx channels. Single-channel kinetic analysis showed that the channel inhibition was mediated by augmentation of the long-lasting closures without affecting the channel open state and unitary conductance. In contrast, rosiglitazone had no effect on K(IR) 1.1, K(IR) 2.1 and K(IR) 4.1 channels, suggesting that the channel inhibitory effect is selective for K(IR) 6.x channels. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest a novel K(ATP) channel inhibitor that acts on the pore-forming K(IR) 6.x subunit, affecting the channel gating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Intervention of rosiglitazone on myocardium Glut-4 mRNA expression during ischemia–reperfusion injury in cardio-pulmonary bypass in dogs. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 373:279-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
27
|
Davidson J, Rotondo D, Rizzo MT, Leaver HA. Therapeutic implications of disorders of cell death signalling: membranes, micro-environment, and eicosanoid and docosanoid metabolism. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1193-210. [PMID: 22364602 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions of cell death signalling occur in pathological processes, such as cancer and degenerative disease. Increased knowledge of cell death signalling has opened new areas of therapeutic research, and identifying key mediators of cell death has become increasingly important. Early triggering events in cell death may provide potential therapeutic targets, whereas agents affecting later signals may be more palliative in nature. A group of primary mediators are derivatives of the highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), particularly oxygenated metabolites such as prostaglandins. HUFAs, esterified in cell membranes, act as critical signalling molecules in many pathological processes. Currently, agents affecting HUFA metabolism are widely prescribed in diseases involving disordered cell death signalling. However, partly due to rapid metabolism, their role in cell death signalling pathways is poorly characterized. Recently, HUFA-derived mediators, the resolvins/protectins and endocannabinoids, have added opportunities to target selective signals and pathways. This review will focus on the control of cell death by HUFA, eicosanoid (C20 fatty acid metabolites) and docosanoid (C22 metabolites), HUFA-derived lipid mediators, signalling elements in the micro-environment and their potential therapeutic applications. Further therapeutic approaches will involve cell and molecular biology, the multiple hit theory of disease progression and analysis of system plasticity. Advances in the cell biology of eicosanoid and docosanoid metabolism, together with structure/function analysis of HUFA-derived mediators, will be useful in developing therapeutic agents in pathologies characterized by alterations in cell death signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Davidson
- SIPBS, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
There has been considerable progress in our understanding of cardiac cell metabolism in health and disease, yet important gaps remain in basic knowledge and its translation to clinical care. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions either to conserve ATP or to promote alternative methods of ATP generation. Since the discovery of AMPK more than three decades ago and demonstration of its expression in the heart, interest has grown exponentially in this major fuel gauge as a modulator of the cellular response to ischemia. Such pathway may potentially explain the strong association between metabolic syndrome and ischemic heart disease. Still missing from our most recent cardiology textbooks, this article aims to summarize our understanding so far of the role of AMPK in coordinating the cellular response to ischemic stress and reperfusion injury in the heart. We aim to provide a focused update on the pharmacological agents activating AMPK for treatment of diabetes that show potential cardioprotective effects. Our hope is to stimulate future researchers to the potential benefits of harnessing the AMPK signaling pathway, or better one of its novel downstream targets for the treatment of myocardial ischemia.
Collapse
|
29
|
Yu L, Jin X, Yang Y, Cui N, Jiang C. Rosiglitazone inhibits vascular KATP channels and coronary vasodilation produced by isoprenaline. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:2064-72. [PMID: 21671900 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Rosiglitazone is an anti-diabetic drug improving insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues. However, several recent clinical trials suggest that rosiglitazone can increase the risk of cardiovascular ischaemia, although other studies failed to show such risks. Therefore, the effects of rosiglitazone on the coronary circulation and any potential vascular targets need to be elucidated. Here, we show that the vascular isoform of the ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP) ) channel is inhibited by rosiglitazone, impairing physiological regulation of the coronary circulation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The K(IR) 6.1/SUR2B channel was expressed in HEK293 cells and studied in whole-cell and inside-out patch configurations. The Langendorff heart preparation was used to evaluate rosiglitazone in the coronary circulation of wild-type (WT) and K(IR) 6.1-null (Kcnj8(-/-) ) mice. KEY RESULTS K(IR) 6.1/SUR2B channels in HEK cells were inhibited by rosiglitazone in a membrane-delimited manner. This effect was markedly enhanced by sub-micromolar concentrations of glibenclamide and the IC(50) for rosiglitazone fell to 2µM, a therapeutically achievable concentration. In the Langendorff heart preparation rosiglitazone inhibited, concentration-dependently, the coronary vasodilation induced by isoprenaline, without affecting basal coronary tone. Effects of rosiglitazone on coronary perfusion were attenuated by more than 50% in the Kcnj8(-/-) mice, supporting the involvement of K(ATP) channels in this effect of rosiglitazone on the coronary circulation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results indicate that the vascular K(ATP) channel is one of the targets of rosiglitazone action, through which this drug may compromise coronary responses to circulating vasodilators and perhaps also to metabolic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Selejan S, Poss J, Walter F, Hohl M, Kaiser R, Kazakov A, Bohm M, Link A. Ischaemia-induced up-regulation of Toll-like receptor 2 in circulating monocytes in cardiogenic shock. Eur Heart J 2011; 33:1085-94. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
|
31
|
Ye Y, Perez-Polo JR, Aguilar D, Birnbaum Y. The potential effects of anti-diabetic medications on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2011; 106:925-52. [PMID: 21892746 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease and stroke account for 65% of the deaths in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). DM and hyperglycemia cause systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, a hypercoagulable state with impaired fibrinolysis and increased platelet degranulation, and reduced coronary collateral blood flow. DM also interferes with myocardial protection afforded by preconditioning and postconditioning. Newer anti-diabetic agents should not only reduce serum glucose and HbA1c levels, but also improve cardiovascular outcomes. The older sulfonylurea agent, glyburide, abolishes the benefits of ischemic and pharmacologic preconditioning, but newer sulfonylurea agents, such as glimepiride, may not interfere with preconditioning. GLP-1 analogs and sitagliptin, an oral dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, limit myocardial infarct size in animal models by increasing intracellular cAMP levels and activating protein kinase A, whereas metformin protects the heart by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Both thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) limit infarct size in animal models. The protective effect of pioglitazone is dependent on downstream activation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) and cyclooxygenase-2 with subsequent increased production of 15-epi-lipoxin A(4), prostacyclin and 15-d-PGJ(2). We conclude that agents used to treat DM have additional actions that have been shown to affect the ability of the heart to protect itself against ischemia-reperfusion injury in preclinical models. However, the effects of these agents in doses used in the clinical setting to minimize ischemia-reperfusion injury and to affect clinical outcomes in patients with DM have yet to be shown. The clinical implications as well as the mechanisms of protection should be further studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Morrison A, Yan X, Tong C, Li J. Acute rosiglitazone treatment is cardioprotective against ischemia-reperfusion injury by modulating AMPK, Akt, and JNK signaling in nondiabetic mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H895-902. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00137.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Rosiglitazone (RGZ), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonist, has been demonstrated to possess cardioprotective properties during ischemia-reperfusion. However, this notion remains controversial as recent evidence has suggested an increased risk in cardiac events associated with long-term use of RGZ in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that acute RGZ treatment is beneficial during I/R by modulating cardioprotective signaling pathways in a nondiabetic mouse model. RGZ (1 μg/g) was injected intravenously via the tail vein 5 min before reperfusion. Myocardial infarction was significantly reduced in mice treated with RGZ compared with vehicle controls (8.7% ± 1.1% vs. 20.2% ± 2.5%, P < 0.05). Moreover, isolated hearts were subjected to 20 min of global, no-flow ischemia in an ex vivo heart perfusion system. Postischemic recovery was significantly improved with RGZ treatment administered at the onset of reperfusion compared with vehicle ( P < 0.001). Immunoblot analysis data revealed that the levels of both phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (Thr172) and phospho-Akt (Ser473) were significantly upregulated when RGZ was administered 5 min before reperfusion compared with vehicle. On the other hand, inflammatory signaling [phospho-JNK (Thr183/Tyr185)] was significantly downregulated as a result of RGZ treatment compared with vehicle ( P < 0.05). Intriguingly, pretreatment with the selective PPAR-γ inhibitor GW-9662 (1 μg/g iv) 10 min before reperfusion significantly attenuated these beneficial effects of RGZ on the ischemic heart. Taken together, acute treatment with RGZ can reduce ischemic injury in a nondiabetic mouse heart via modulation of AMP-activated protein kinase, Akt, and JNK signaling pathways, which is dependent on PPAR-γ activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Morrison
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Xiaoyan Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Morrison A, Li J. PPAR-γ and AMPK – Advantageous targets for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:195-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
34
|
Sussman MA, Völkers M, Fischer K, Bailey B, Cottage CT, Din S, Gude N, Avitabile D, Alvarez R, Sundararaman B, Quijada P, Mason M, Konstandin MH, Malhowski A, Cheng Z, Khan M, McGregor M. Myocardial AKT: the omnipresent nexus. Physiol Rev 2011; 91:1023-70. [PMID: 21742795 PMCID: PMC3674828 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest examples of integrated signal transduction is revealed by examination of effects mediated by AKT kinase in myocardial biology. Positioned at the intersection of multiple afferent and efferent signals, AKT exemplifies a molecular sensing node that coordinates dynamic responses of the cell in literally every aspect of biological responses. The balanced and nuanced nature of homeostatic signaling is particularly essential within the myocardial context, where regulation of survival, energy production, contractility, and response to pathological stress all flow through the nexus of AKT activation or repression. Equally important, the loss of regulated AKT activity is primarily the cause or consequence of pathological conditions leading to remodeling of the heart and eventual decompensation. This review presents an overview compendium of the complex world of myocardial AKT biology gleaned from more than a decade of research. Summarization of the widespread influence that AKT exerts upon myocardial responses leaves no doubt that the participation of AKT in molecular signaling will need to be reckoned with as a seemingly omnipresent regulator of myocardial molecular biological responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Sussman
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, SDSU Heart Institute, San Diego, California 92182, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Palee S, Chattipakorn S, Phrommintikul A, Chattipakorn N. PPARγ activator, rosiglitazone: Is it beneficial or harmful to the cardiovascular system? World J Cardiol 2011; 3:144-52. [PMID: 21666815 PMCID: PMC3110903 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v3.i5.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosiglitazone is a synthetic agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ which is used to improve insulin resistance in patients with type II diabetes. Rosiglitazone exerts its glucose-lowering effects by improving insulin sensitivity. Data from various studies in the past decade suggest that the therapeutic effects of rosiglitazone reach far beyond its use as an insulin sensitizer since it also has other benefits on the cardiovascular system such as improvement of contractile dysfunction, inhibition of the inflammatory response by reducing neutrophil and macrophage accumulation, and the protection of myocardial injury during ischemic/reperfusion in different animal models. Previous clinical studies in type II diabetes patients demonstrated that rosiglitazone played an important role in protecting against arteriosclerosis by normalizing the metabolic disorders and reducing chronic inflammation of the vascular system. Despite these benefits, inconsistent findings have been reported, and growing evidence has demonstrated adverse effects of rosiglitazone on the cardiovascular system, including increased risk of acute myocardial infarction, heart failure and chronic heart failure. As a result, rosiglitazone has been recently withdrawn from EU countries. Nevertheless, the effect of rosiglitazone on ischemic heart disease has not yet been firmly established. Future prospective clinical trials designed for the specific purpose of establishing the cardiovascular benefit or risk of rosiglitazone would be the best way to resolve the uncertainties regarding the safety of rosiglitazone in patients with heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siripong Palee
- Siripong Palee, Nipon Chattipakorn, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Park SY, Sohn UD. Inhibitory effect of rosiglitazone on the acid-induced intracellular generation of hydrogen peroxide in cultured feline esophageal epithelial cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 383:191-201. [PMID: 21212935 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) agonists have been reported to enhance antioxidant defenses by increasing levels of catalase and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of the PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone, on hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) generation by acidified medium at pH 5.5 (AM5.5), which is in the pH range of duodenogastric refluxates, in primary cultured feline esophageal epithelial cells (EEC). Successful isolation of EEC was identified by immunocytochemistry. AM5.5- and rosiglitazone-induced cell viabilities were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiozol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. The NAD(P)H oxidase activity was measured, and expression of catalase or SOD protein by AM5.5 in the absence and presence of rosiglitazone was assessed using western blotting analysis. PPARγ protein and mRNA were constitutively expressed in EEC. In the incubation with rosiglitazone alone, cell viability was shown more than 90% at 0-10 μM for 72 h. After exposure to AM5.5 for 8 h, intracellular H(2)O(2) was significantly generated. Treatment with rosiglitazone prior to and during exposure to AM5.5 inhibited the H(2)O(2) generation whereas the specific PPARγ antagonist GW9662 offsets the inhibitory action of rosiglitazone. H(2)O(2) generation was also prevented by a nonspecific ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine or an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase diphenyleneiodonium. The enhanced AM5.5-induced NAD(P)H oxidase activity was not suppressed by rosiglitazone. Instead, the pretreatment of rosiglitazone enhanced the protein expression of catalase, Cu/Zn SOD, and Mn SOD, which are endogenous antioxidative enzymes. These findings indicate that rosiglitazone inhibits AM5.5-induced intracellular H(2)O(2) production, which occurs via NAD(P)H oxidase activation, by using a PPARγ-dependent pathway, and that the underlying mechanism involves an increase in the expression of catalase and SOD proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kulkarni AA, Thatcher TH, Olsen KC, Maggirwar SB, Phipps RP, Sime PJ. PPAR-γ ligands repress TGFβ-induced myofibroblast differentiation by targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway: implications for therapy of fibrosis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e15909. [PMID: 21253589 PMCID: PMC3017065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) induced differentiation of human lung fibroblasts to myofibroblasts is a key event in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Although the typical TGFβ signaling pathway involves the Smad family of transcription factors, we have previously reported that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) ligands inhibit TGFβ-mediated differentiation of human lung fibroblasts to myofibroblasts via a Smad-independent pathway. TGFβ also activates the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway leading to phosphorylation of AktS473. Here, we report that PPAR-γ ligands, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) and 15-deoxy-(12,14)-15d-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), inhibit human myofibroblast differentiation of normal and idiopathic pulmonary fibrotic (IPF) fibroblasts, by blocking Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 by a PPAR-γ-independent mechanism. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and a dominant-negative inactive kinase-domain mutant of Akt both inhibited TGFβ-stimulated myofibroblast differentiation, as determined by Western blotting for α-smooth muscle actin and calponin. Prostaglandin A1 (PGA1), a structural analogue of 15d-PGJ2 with an electrophilic center, also reduced TGFβ-driven phosphorylation of Akt, while CAY10410, another analogue that lacks an electrophilic center, did not; implying that the activity of 15d-PGJ2 and CDDO is dependent on their electrophilic properties. PPAR-γ ligands inhibited TGFβ-induced Akt phosphorylation via both post-translational and post-transcriptional mechanisms. This inhibition is independent of MAPK-p38 and PTEN but is dependent on TGFβ-induced phosphorylation of FAK, a kinase that acts upstream of Akt. Thus, PPAR-γ ligands inhibit TGFβ signaling by affecting two pro-survival pathways that culminate in myofibroblast differentiation. Further studies of PPAR-γ ligands and small electrophilic molecules may lead to a new generation of anti-fibrotic therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajit A. Kulkarni
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas H. Thatcher
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Keith C. Olsen
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Sanjay B. Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard P. Phipps
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Patricia J. Sime
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Protect against Apoptosis via 14-3-3. PPAR Res 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20862376 PMCID: PMC2938460 DOI: 10.1155/2010/417646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) were reported to prevent cells from stress-induced apoptosis and protect tissues against ischemia-reperfusion injury. The underlying transcriptional mechanism is unclear. Recent reports indicate that the antiapoptotic actions of ligand-activated PPARδ and PPARγ are mediated through enhanced binding of PPAR to the promoter of 14-3-3ε and upregulation of 14-3-3ε expression. We propose that ligand-activated PPARα exerts its anti-apoptotic actions via the identical pathway. The PPAR to 14-3-3 transcriptional axis plays an important role in protection of cell and tissue integrity and is a target for drug discovery.
Collapse
|
39
|
Current literature in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2010; 26:i-xi. [PMID: 20474064 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|