1
|
Cheng KKW, Fingerhut L, Duncan S, Prajna NV, Rossi AG, Mills B. In vitro and ex vivo models of microbial keratitis: Present and future. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 102:101287. [PMID: 39004166 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Microbial keratitis (MK) is an infection of the cornea, caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses. MK leads to significant morbidity, being the fifth leading cause of blindness worldwide. There is an urgent requirement to better understand pathogenesis in order to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes. Many in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo MK models have been developed and implemented to meet this aim. Here, we present current in vitro and ex vivo MK model systems, examining their varied design, outputs, reporting standards, and strengths and limitations. Major limitations include their relative simplicity and the perceived inability to study the immune response in these MK models, an aspect widely accepted to play a significant role in MK pathogenesis. Consequently, there remains a dependence on in vivo models to study this aspect of MK. However, looking to the future, we draw from the broader field of corneal disease modelling, which utilises, for example, three-dimensional co-culture models and dynamic environments observed in bioreactors and organ-on-a-chip scenarios. These remain unexplored in MK research, but incorporation of these approaches will offer further advances in the field of MK corneal modelling, in particular with the focus of incorporation of immune components which we anticipate will better recapitulate pathogenesis and yield novel findings, therefore contributing to the enhancement of MK outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Kah Wai Cheng
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Leonie Fingerhut
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sheelagh Duncan
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - N Venkatesh Prajna
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany Mills
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brito M, Sorbier C, Mignet N, Boudy V, Borchard G, Vacher G. Understanding the Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4099. [PMID: 38612907 PMCID: PMC11012607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial ocular pathology that destroys the photoreceptors of the macula. Two forms are distinguished, dry and wet AMD, with different pathophysiological mechanisms. Although treatments were shown to be effective in wet AMD, they remain a heavy burden for patients and caregivers, resulting in a lack of patient compliance. For dry AMD, no real effective treatment is available in Europe. It is, therefore, essential to look for new approaches. Recently, the use of long-chain and very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids was identified as an interesting new therapeutic alternative. Indeed, the levels of these fatty acids, core components of photoreceptors, are significantly decreased in AMD patients. To better understand this pathology and to evaluate the efficacy of various molecules, in vitro and in vivo models reproducing the mechanisms of both types of AMD were developed. This article reviews the anatomy and the physiological aging of the retina and summarizes the clinical aspects, pathophysiological mechanisms of AMD and potential treatment strategies. In vitro and in vivo models of AMD are also presented. Finally, this manuscript focuses on the application of omega-3 fatty acids for the prevention and treatment of both types of AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maëlis Brito
- Unither Développement Bordeaux, Avenue Toussaint Catros, 33185 Le Haillan, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, F-75006 Paris, France
- Département de Recherche et Développement (DRDP), Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 7 Rue du Fer-à-Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Capucine Sorbier
- Unither Développement Bordeaux, Avenue Toussaint Catros, 33185 Le Haillan, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Boudy
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, F-75006 Paris, France
- Département de Recherche et Développement (DRDP), Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 7 Rue du Fer-à-Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaëlle Vacher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Juarez A, Djallali M, Piché M, Thériault M, Groleau M, Beroual S, McTiernan CD, Lin G, Hélie P, Carrier M, Griffith M, Brunette I. A Liquid Hydrogel to Restore Long Term Corneal Integrity After Perforating and Non-Perforating Trauma in Feline Eyes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:773294. [PMID: 34976970 PMCID: PMC8714956 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.773294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate long-term in vivo functionality of corneas regenerated using a cell-free, liquid hydrogel filler (LiQD Cornea) after deep corneal trauma in the feline model. Methods: Two healthy cats underwent 4 mm diameter stepwise 250/450 µm deep surgical corneal ablation with and without needle perforation. The filler comprising 10% (w/w) collagen-like peptide conjugated to polyethylene glycol (CLP-PEG) and 1% fibrinogen and crosslinked with 2% (w/w) 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMTMM), was applied to the wound bed previously coated with thrombin (250 U/ml). In situ gelation occurred within 5 min, and a temporary tarsorrhaphy was performed. Eyes were examined weekly for 1 month, then monthly over 12 months. Outcome parameters included slit-lamp, Scheimpflug tomography, optical coherence tomography, confocal and specular microscopy, and immunohistochemistry studies. Results: The gelled filler was seamlessly incorporated, supporting smooth corneal re-epithelialization. Progressive in-growth of keratocytes and nerves into the filler corresponding to the mild haze observed faded with time. The regenerated neo-cornea remained stably integrated throughout the 12 months, without swelling, inflammation, infection, neovascularization, or rejection. The surrounding host stroma and endothelium remained normal at all times. Tomography confirmed restoration of a smooth surface curvature. Conclusion: Biointegration of this hydrogel filler allowed stable restoration of corneal shape and transparency in the feline model, with less inflammation and no neovascularization compared to previous reports in the minipig and rabbit models. It offers a promising alternative to cyanoacrylate glue and corneal transplantation for ulcerated and traumatized corneas in human patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Juarez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie de l'Université de Montréal à l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Djallali
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marilyse Piché
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Thériault
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Groleau
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sharifa Beroual
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Grace Lin
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Hélie
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Carrier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - May Griffith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Brunette
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie de l'Université de Montréal à l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bradley AE, Wancket LM, Rinke M, Gruebbel MM, Saladino BH, Schafer K, Katsuta O, Garcia B, Chanut F, Hughes K, Nelson K, Himmel L, McInnes E, Schucker A, Uchida K. International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rabbit. J Toxicol Pathol 2021; 34:183S-292S. [PMID: 34712007 PMCID: PMC8544166 DOI: 10.1293/tox.34.183s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for
Lesions Project (www.toxpath.org/inhand.asp) is a joint initiative of the Societies of
Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP) and North
America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and
non-proliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to
provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopic lesions observed in most
tissues and organs from the laboratory rabbit used in nonclinical safety studies. Some of
the lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature
presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet
(http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from
government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes
spontaneous lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. Relevant
infectious and parasitic lesions are included as well. A widely accepted and utilized
international harmonization of nomenclature for lesions in laboratory animals will provide
a common language among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different
countries and increase and enrich international exchanges of information among
toxicologists and pathologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alys E Bradley
- Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd, Tranent, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Begonya Garcia
- Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd, Tranent, Scotland, UK
| | - Franck Chanut
- Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brosselette, 91380 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | | | | | - Lauren Himmel
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Adrienne Schucker
- American Preclinical Services, LLC, 8945 Evergreen Blvd, Minneapolis, MN 55433
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Clippinger AJ, Raabe HA, Allen DG, Choksi NY, van der Zalm AJ, Kleinstreuer NC, Barroso J, Lowit AB. Human-relevant approaches to assess eye corrosion/irritation potential of agrochemical formulations. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2021; 40:145-167. [PMID: 33830843 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2021.1910291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There are multiple in vitro and ex vivo eye irritation and corrosion test methods that are available as internationally harmonized test guidelines for regulatory use. Despite their demonstrated usefulness to a broad range of substances through inter-laboratory validation studies, they have not been widely adopted for testing agrochemical formulations due to a lack of concordance with parallel results from the traditional regulatory test method for this endpoint, the rabbit eye test. The inherent variability of the rabbit test, differences in the anatomy of the rabbit and human eyes, and differences in modelling exposures in rabbit eyes relative to human eyes contribute to this lack of concordance. Ultimately, the regulatory purpose for these tests is protection of human health, and, thus, there is a need for a testing approach based on human biology. This paper reviews the available in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo test methods with respect to their relevance to human ocular anatomy, anticipated exposure scenarios, and the mechanisms of eye irritation/corrosion in humans. Each of the in vitro and ex vivo methods described is generally appropriate for identifying non-irritants. To discriminate among eye irritants, the human three-dimensional epithelial and full thickness corneal models provide the most detailed information about the severity of irritation. Consideration of the mechanisms of eye irritation, and the strengths and limitations of the in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo test methods, show that the in vitro/ex vivo methods are as or more reflective of human biology and less variable than the currently used rabbit approach. Suggestions are made for further optimizing the most promising methods to distinguish between severe (corrosive), moderate, mild and non-irritants and provide information about the reversibility of effects. Also considered is the utility of including additional information (e.g. physical chemical properties), consistent with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's guidance document on an integrated approach to testing and assessment of potential eye irritation. Combining structural and functional information about a test substance with test results from human-relevant methods will ensure the best protection of humans following accidental eye exposure to agrochemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans A Raabe
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - David G Allen
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Neepa Y Choksi
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Nicole C Kleinstreuer
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - João Barroso
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Anna B Lowit
- US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Collin SP, Collin HB. A comparison of the ultrastructure of the cornea of the pre- and post-metamorphic axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum, Amphibia). Exp Eye Res 2020; 202:108396. [PMID: 33310055 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The corneal ultrastructure of the pre- and post-metamorphic stages of the neotenic axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum is examined using light microscopy and both scanning and transmission electron microscopy to reveal whether there are any morphological changes associated with a switch in lifestyle. Although the complement of corneal layers remains the same, there are significant quantitative changes in corneal, epithelial and stromal thickness, epithelial and endothelial cell size and density, and the thickness of Bowman's layer and Desçemet's membrane. Microholes in the epithelium and vertical sutures within the stroma are predominant features in the pre-metamorphic stage but are rarely seen in the post-metamorphic stage. There are also significant quantitative centro-peripheral differences in the thickness of the whole cornea, primarily due to differences in the thickness of the stroma in both metamorphic stages. These changes may reflect the physiological demands on the cornea as it switches from a purely aquatic to an amphibious lifestyle, which includes venturing onto land.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun P Collin
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia; Oceans Graduate School and the Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - H Barry Collin
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, New South Wales, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brütsch DR, Hunziker P, Pot S, Tappeiner C, Voelter K. Corneal and scleral permeability of Desmoteplase in different species. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 23:785-791. [PMID: 32862517 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intraocular fibrin clots caused by severe uveitis can be a sight-threatening condition that needs to be resolved quickly and reliably. Intracameral injection of tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) is commonly used to resolve intraocular fibrin. However, the drug does not reach fibrinolytic concentrations after topical application. Desmoteplase (DSPA) is a structurally similar but smaller fibrinolytic agent with a higher fibrin selectivity, a longer half-life, and better biocompatibility compared with tPA. This study was designed to evaluate the corneal and scleral permeability of DSPA in rabbits, pigs, dogs, horses, and humans ex vivo. PROCEDURES Corneal and scleral tissues (n = 5 per group) were inserted into Franz-type diffusion chambers and exposed to 1.4 mg/mL DSPA for 30 minutes. Drug concentrations on the receiver side were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Concentrations of DSPA after corneal and scleral permeation through fresh tissues ranged from 0.0 to 16.3 µg/mL and 0.0 to 11.4 µg/mL (rabbits), 0.3 to 5.6 µg/mL and 3.1 to 9.2 µg/mL (dogs), 2.1 to 14.9 µg/mL and 4 to 8.7 µg/mL (horses), and 0.6 to 3 µg/mL and 2.9 to 18.1 µg/mL (pigs), respectively. A concentration of 0.07-12.9 µg/mL DSPA was detectable after diffusion through tissue culture preserved human donor bank corneas (Table 1). CONCLUSIONS Desmoteplase has the ability to permeate both cornea and sclera ex vivo in all species tested. Implications of the ex vivo permeability of DSPA suggest that in vivo permeability may be possible, and if so, it could lead to a novel topical application for lysing fibrin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah R Brütsch
- Ophthalmology Section, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Hunziker
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Pot
- Ophthalmology Section, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Tappeiner
- Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Voelter
- Ophthalmology Section, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Begum G, Leigh T, Courtie E, Moakes R, Butt G, Ahmed Z, Rauz S, Logan A, Blanch RJ. Rapid assessment of ocular drug delivery in a novel ex vivo corneal model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11754. [PMID: 32678110 PMCID: PMC7366725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery by topical application has higher patient acceptance and lower morbidity than intraocular injection, but many ophthalmic treatments are unable to enter the eye or reach the posterior segment after topical application. The first stage towards posterior segment delivery after topical application is ocular surface penetration and existing models are in vivo or use large quantities of tissue. We therefore developed a novel ex vivo model using discs of porcine and human cornea and sclera (5 mm diameter) to assess penetration of a candidate neuroprotective siRNA. siRNA against caspase 2 or control solutions of known penetrance were applied to the corneal epithelial surface and trans-corneal penetration and corneal adsorbance measured at fixed time points. To demonstrate that leakage did not occur, we applied dextran blue, which should not penetrate the intact cornea and did not do so in our model. Fluorescein penetration (0.09%) was less than rhodamine B (6.98%) at 60 min. siCASP2 penetration was 0.01% by 60 min. When the applied siCASP2 was washed off after 2 min, (representing lacrimal drainage) 0.071% penetrated porcine cornea by 60 min and 0.0002% penetrated human cornea and 0.001% penetrated human sclera. Our ex vivo model rapidly and cost-effectively assesses transcorneal penetration of candidate topical therapies, allowing rates of trans-corneal penetration for potential therapies such as siRNA to be evaluated with small quantities of human or animal tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Begum
- miRNA Diagnostics, Birmingham, UK.,Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ella Courtie
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard Moakes
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gibran Butt
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Saaeha Rauz
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ann Logan
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard J Blanch
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. .,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. .,Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK. .,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ross AE, Bengani LC, Tulsan R, Maidana DE, Salvador-Culla B, Kobashi H, Kolovou PE, Zhai H, Taghizadeh K, Kuang L, Mehta M, Vavvas DG, Kohane DS, Ciolino JB. Topical sustained drug delivery to the retina with a drug-eluting contact lens. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
10
|
|
11
|
Shrader SM, Mowry RN. Histomorphometric evaluation of the Göttingen minipig eye. Vet Ophthalmol 2019; 22:872-878. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
12
|
Sher I, Tzameret A, Szalapak AM, Carmeli T, Derazne E, Avni-Zauberman N, Marcovich AL, Simon GB, Rotenstreich Y. Multimodal Assessment of Corneal Erosions Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Automated Grading of Fluorescein Staining in a Rabbit Dry Eye Model. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:27. [PMID: 30834175 PMCID: PMC6396684 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the potential use of anterior segment spectral domain optical coherence tomography (AS-SD-OCT) combined with an automated grading of fluorescein staining for assessment of corneal erosions in a rabbit short-term dry eye model. Methods Twenty-one New Zealand white rabbits were anesthetized and eyes were kept open for 140 minutes to induce acute corneal desiccation. Rectangular scans of the cornea were performed using Spectralis AS-SD-OCT. Total corneal thickness, corneal epithelial thickness, and the percentage of epithelial erosion area (PEEA) were evaluated. Corneas were stained with fluorescein and graded automatically using EpiView and semi-automatically using ImageJ. Spearman's rank-order correlations were calculated to compare the AS-SD-OCT PEEA and the two corneal staining scores. Results Eye desiccation resulted in corneal epithelium erosions that covered 0.67% to 14.2% of the central cornea (mean ± SD: 3.95% ± 3.2%) by AS-SD-OCT. The percentage of corneal area positively stained with fluorescein ranged from 0.24% to 38.01% (mean ± SD: 12.24% ± 9.7%) by using ImageJ, correlating with the AS-SD-OCT PEEA (Spearman's ρ, 0.574; P = 0.007). The EpiView score ranged from 0.5 to 10.17 and was better correlated with the AS-SD-OCT PEEA score (Spearman's ρ, 0.795; P = 0.000017). Conclusions Our study suggests that multimodal analysis of AS-SD-OCT and grading of fluorescein staining using EpiView software may enable quantitative assessment of corneal epithelial erosions in a rabbit short-term dry eye model. Translational Relevance This multimodal imaging analysis may be applied for evaluation of superficial punctate keratitis associated with dry eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ifat Sher
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Adi Tzameret
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | | | | | - Estela Derazne
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | | | - Arie L Marcovich
- Department of Plant Sciences and Environmental Health, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Ophthalmology Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Guy Ben Simon
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ygal Rotenstreich
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wolfel AE, Pederson SL, Cleymaet AM, Hess AM, Freeman KS. Canine central corneal thickness measurements via Pentacam-HR®
, optical coherence tomography (Optovue iVue®
), and high-resolution ultrasound biomicroscopy. Vet Ophthalmol 2017; 21:362-370. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Wolfel
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Samantha L. Pederson
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Allison M. Cleymaet
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Ann M. Hess
- Department of Statistics; College of Natural Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Kate S. Freeman
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Inomata T, Mashaghi A, Hong J, Nakao T, Dana R. Scaling and maintenance of corneal thickness during aging. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185694. [PMID: 28985226 PMCID: PMC5630165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal thickness is tightly regulated by its boundary endothelial and epithelial layers. The regulated set-point of corneal thickness likely shows inter-individual variations, changes by age, and response to stress. Using anterior segment-optical coherence tomography, we measure murine central corneal thickness and report on body size scaling of murine central corneal thickness during aging. For aged-matched mice, we find that corneal thickness depends on sex and strain. To shed mechanistic insights into these anatomical changes, we measure epithelial layer integrity and endothelial cell density during the life span of the mice using corneal fluorescein staining and in vivo confocal microscopy, respectively and compare their trends with that of the corneal thickness. Cornea thickness increases initially (1 month: 114.7 ± 3.0 μm, 6 months: 126.3 ± 1.6 μm), reaches a maximum (9 months: 129.3 ± 4.4 μm) and then reduces (12 months: 127 ± 2.9 μm, 13 months: 119.5 ± 7.6 μm, 14 months: 110.6 ± 10.6 μm), while the body size (weight) increases with age. We find that endothelial cell density reduces from 2 months old to 8 months old as the mice age and epithelial layer accumulates damages within this time frame. Finally, we compare murine corneal thickness with those of several other mammals including humans and show that corneal thickness has an allometric scaling with body size. Our results have relevance for organ size regulation, translational pharmacology, and veterinary medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takenori Inomata
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alireza Mashaghi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jiaxu Hong
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Takeshi Nakao
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen HC, Chen ZY, Wang TJ, Drew VJ, Tseng CL, Fang HW, Lin FH. Herbal Supplement in a Buffer for Dry Eye Syndrome Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081697. [PMID: 28771187 PMCID: PMC5578087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome (DES) is one of the most common types of ocular diseases. There is a major need to treat DES in a simple yet efficient way. Artificial tears (AT) are the most commonly used agents for treating DES, but are not very effective. Herbal extractions of ferulic acid (FA), an anti-oxidant agent, and kaempferol (KM), an anti-inflammatory reagent, were added to buffer solution (BS) to replace ATs for DES treatment. The cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effects were examined in vitro by co-culture with human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) to obtain the optimal concentration of KM and FA for treating HCECs. Physical properties of BS, such as pH value, osmolality, and refractive index were also examined. Then, rabbits with DES were used for therapeutic evaluation. Tear production, corneal damage, and ocular irritation in rabbits’ eyes were examined. The non-toxic concentrations of KM and FA for HCEC cultivation over 3 days were 1 µM and 100 µM, respectively. Live/dead stain results also show non-toxicity of KM and FA for treating HCECs. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated HCECs in inflammatory conditions treated with 100 µM FA and 1 µM KM (FA100/KM1) showed lower IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα expression when examined by real-time PCR. The BS with FA100/KM1 had neutral pH, and a similar osmolality and refractive index to human tears. Topical delivery of BS + FA100/KM1 showed no irritation to rabbit eyes. The corneal thickness in the BS + FA100/KM1 treated group was comparable to normal eyes. Results of DES rabbits treated with BS + FA100/KM1 showed less corneal epithelial damage and higher tear volume than the normal group. In conclusion, we showed that the combination of FA (100 µM) and KM (1 µM) towards treating inflamed HCECs had an anti-inflammatory effect, and it is effective in treating DES rabbits when BS is added in combination with these two herbal supplements and used as a topical eye drop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Zhi-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Jen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Victor J Drew
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Li Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Hsu-Wei Fang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Wang X, Dong J, Wu Q. Corneal thickness, epithelial thickness and axial length differences in normal and high myopia. BMC Ophthalmol 2015; 15:49. [PMID: 25947156 PMCID: PMC4433086 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-015-0039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Corneal biometric parameters can possibly be influenced by high myopia (HM). The influence of HM on corneal thickness (CT), epithelial thickness (ET) has not yet been clearly established. The aim of this study is to observe ET, CT and axial length (AL) differences between in normal and subjects with HMs and to investigate factors influencing the corneal biometric parameters and AL, such as age and gender. Methods A total of 97 normal subjects (97 eyes) and 48 HM subjects (48 eyes) were included. The ET and CT of the central 6-mm diameter (17 regions) and the AL data were captured. The 17 corneal and epithelial regions were the center (1 mm radius, area a), the inner ring (2.5 mm radius, area b), the outer ring (3 mm radius, area c) and the 8 radial scan lines in eight directions (Superior (1) , SN (2), Nasal (3), IN (4), Inferior (5), IT (6), Temporal (7), ST (8)) with an angle of 45° between each consecutive scan line (a, b 1–8, c 1–8). Results The ALs were increased about 4 mm in the HMs (P < 0.001). No differences in ET were observed; in contrast, significantly thicker CTs were observed in the HMs in 16 regions except the b5 subregion. In normal group, age was negatively correlated with AL but not CCT and CET and gender was correlated with CET. In HM group, age was not correlated with CCT , AL or CET and gender was correlated with AL and CCT but not CET. Conclusions CT was thicker in the HMs but not ET. Age and gender should be considered for AL, CT and ET in both normal and HM group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Dong
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sonoda S, Sakamoto T, Shirasawa M, Yamashita T, Uchino E, Terasaki H. Blood components and OCT reflectivity evaluated in animal model. Curr Eye Res 2014; 39:1200-6. [PMID: 25310458 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.888454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE To see the relationship between blood components and optical coherence tomography (OCT) reflectivity using an animal model in which the aqueous humor was substituted by different experimental solutions without changing the integrity of the retina. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aqueous humor of an enucleated swine eye was replaced with plasma obtained from healthy volunteers. The OCT reflectivity of the anterior chamber filled with each plasma was calculated from individual OCT images, and was expressed by an arbitrary unit (AU). The concentration of blood components such as cholesterol, hemoglobin (Hb) and bilirubin of each individual was measured, and the correlation between each of them and the OCT reflectivity of aqueous humor in an enucleated swine eye was analyzed. Using the same model, the effects of the single plasma component on OCT reflectivity were examined. RESULTS Blood samples were obtained from 24 individuals. OCT reflectivity was 30.68 ± 14.8 AU (average ± SD), ranging from 11.11 to 60.31 AU. OCT reflectivity correlated significantly with the concentration of triglycerides (R = 0.634, p = 0.001) and total cholesterol (R = 0.488, p = 0.015) using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. While a partial correlation analysis showed that it correlated significantly with triglyceride (R = 0.60, p = 0.003), but not total cholesterol. OCT reflectivity was highest in a balanced salt solution (BSS) with Hb (average 42.05 AU), followed by fibrinogen (8.08 AU), bilirubin (6.12 AU) and γ-globulin (2.85 AU). Albumin did not increase the reflectivity of the BSS with a normal concentration (1.11 AU) compared to the control BSS alone (0.73 AU). CONCLUSIONS OCT reflectivity was most strongly affected by the presence of triglycerides among the blood components. Some molecules such as Hb and fibrinogen significantly increase the OCT reflectivity. This information should be helpful for interpreting the OCT findings correctly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pinto NI, Gilger BC. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography evaluation of the cornea, retina, and optic nerve in normal horses. Vet Ophthalmol 2014; 17 Suppl 1:140-8. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson I. Pinto
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27606 USA
| | - Brian C. Gilger
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27606 USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yüksel H, Türkcü FM, Ari Ş, Çinar Y, Cingü AK, Şahin M, Şahin A, Özkurt Z, Çaça İ. Anterior segment parameters of rabbits with rotating Scheimpflug camera. Vet Ophthalmol 2014; 18:210-3. [PMID: 24506315 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rabbit is one of the most commonly used experimental animals for corneal studies due to similarity of size to human cornea and ease of manipulation. In this study, we assessed anterior segment parameters of the healthy rabbit eyes with Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). METHODS Six-month-old, approximately 2.5-3 kg weighted, 30 female New Zealand rabbits were used in the study. Right eye of the each rabbit was imaged with Pentacam HR under intramuscular ketamine hydrochloride (Ketalar; Eczacibasi, Turkey) anesthesia (50 mg/kg). After the imaging, the rabbits with blinking errors, which results in low-quality images, were excluded from the study. Keratometric readings, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and anterior and posterior elevation values, and lens density were noted. RESULTS In this study, the flattest and the steepest keratometric values were found as 43.34 ± 1.86, 42.7 ± 2.0, and 43.9 ± 1.9 diopters, respectively. The mean CCT and ACD of rabbits were found as 388 ± 39 μm and 2.08 ± 0.16 mm, respectively. Mean of the anterior and posterior elevation at thinnest point was found as 1.29 ± 4.28 and 3.91 ± 6.17 μm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Keratometric readings and anterior and posterior elevation values of rabbits were similar to human; however, corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth (ACD) values were lower than humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harun Yüksel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alario AF, Pirie CG. Central corneal thickness measurements in normal dogs: a comparison between ultrasound pachymetry and optical coherence tomography. Vet Ophthalmol 2013; 17:207-11. [PMID: 23763504 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements obtained from normal canines using a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography device (SD-OCT) and an ultrasonic pachymeter. ANIMALS Fifteen clinically normal dogs. PROCEDURES Dogs were briefly anesthetized with propofol. Central corneal thickness measurements were obtained from both eyes of each animal four times by one operator using a SD-OCT system. The CCT was automatically calculated using the pachymetry software generated from eight radial scans, 6 mm in length. Ultrasonic pachymetry was then performed in both eyes of each animal by one operator five times in succession. The CCT was recorded for each modality and compared statistically for agreement and bias. RESULTS Fifteen dogs (seven castrated male, eight spayed female) with a mean age of 2.3 ± 1.3 years were examined. The mean CCT for all eyes examined via SD-OCT and ultrasonic pachymetry (velocity set at 1636 m/s) was 587.72 ± 32.44 μm and 598.54 ± 32.28 μm, respectively. Ultrasonic pachymetry consistently overestimated CCT as compared to OCT by a mean value of 10.82 μm (P < 0.0001). No significant difference in CCT was found based on the age or sex of the animal. There was no significant difference in CCT measurements between replicates performed by the same operator for each modality. The coefficient of variation within and between imaging modalities was low (range 0.63-2.5%). The intraclass correlation coefficient comparing methods was 0.92. CONCLUSIONS Correlation between modalities was excellent; however, ultrasonic pachymetry set at a standard velocity of 1636 m/s overestimates CCT as compared to OCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F Alario
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Alario AF, Pirie CG. A spectral-domain optical coherence tomography device provides reliable corneal pachymetry measurements in canine eyes. Vet Rec 2013; 172:605. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. F. Alario
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; North Grafton MA 01536 USA
| | - C. G. Pirie
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; North Grafton MA 01536 USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang X, Dong J, Wu Q. Mean central corneal thickness and corneal power measurements in pigmented and white rabbits using Visante optical coherence tomography and ATLAS corneal topography. Vet Ophthalmol 2013; 17:87-90. [PMID: 23531203 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document central corneal thickness (CCT) and power measurements in pigmented and white rabbits using Visante anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and the Humphrey ATLAS Corneal Topography System (HACTS). ANIMAL STUDIED Fourteen female rabbits (seven pigmented and seven white rabbits) were involved in this study. PROCEDURE Twenty-eight eyes underwent AS-OCT and HACTS examination. Central corneal thickness, corneal power in the steepest and flattest meridians, astigmatism, pupil diameter (PD), and white-to-white (WTW) were calculated. RESULTS The CCT was 390 ± 14.2 and 373 ± 7.2 μm for pigmented and white rabbits, respectively. The CCT values showed statistical difference between the two breeds (P = 0.017). The corneal power in the steepest meridian was 44.6 ± 1.9 Diopter (D) in pigmented rabbits and 47.8 ± 1.5 D in white rabbits. The corneal power in the flattest meridian was 44.0 ± 2.1 D in pigmented rabbits and 47.4 ± 1.5 D in white rabbits. The astigmatism, PD, and WTW values were 0.6 ± 0.22 D, 7.9 ± 0.9, and 14.5 ± 0.1 mm in pigmented rabbits, respectively. The corresponding values in white rabbits were 0.4 ± 0.23 D, 7.5 ± 0.5, and 13.5 ± 0.2 mm. There was a statistically significant difference in corneal power in the steepest and flattest meridians and for WTW. No such difference was observed for astigmatism or PD between them. CONCLUSIONS Differences exist in the CCT, corneal power, and WTW between 5-month-old pigmented and white rabbits. Such difference should be considered when designing cornea-related experiments in rabbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gilger BC, Abarca E, Salmon JH. Selection of Appropriate Animal Models in Ocular Research: Ocular Anatomy and Physiology of Common Animal Models. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/7653_2013_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|