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Núñez-Baila MÁ, Gómez-Aragón A, Marques-Silva AM, González-López JR. Lifestyle in Emerging Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:309. [PMID: 38338194 PMCID: PMC10855310 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging adulthood is a transitional stage with significant lifestyle changes, making it especially challenging for those living with type 1 diabetes mellitus. This systematic review synthesizes qualitative research to explore how emerging adulthood (18-29 years) influences lifestyle behaviors in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Global Health, Nursing & Allied Health Premium, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and WOS were searched for original qualitative studies addressing the lifestyle of 18-31-year-olds with type 1 diabetes mellitus, published between January 2010 and March 2021 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Thirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and their findings were categorized into eight topics (emotions and feelings, nutrition, perceptions, risky behaviors, self-care, sleep, social relationships, and stigma) using meta-aggregation, as outlined in the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. The spontaneity characteristic of emerging adulthood can undermine self-care. This is because new environments, schedules, and relationships encountered during this life stage often lead to the neglect of diabetes management, owing to the various social, academic, and occupational demands. This review highlights the necessity of creating health promotion strategies tailored to the unique lifestyle aspects of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Ángeles Núñez-Baila
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain; (M.-Á.N.-B.); (J.R.G.-L.)
| | - Anjhara Gómez-Aragón
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain; (M.-Á.N.-B.); (J.R.G.-L.)
| | - Armando-Manuel Marques-Silva
- Department of Nursing, Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, 3004-011 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Unidade de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde: Enfermagem (UICISA: E), 3004-011 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Rafael González-López
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain; (M.-Á.N.-B.); (J.R.G.-L.)
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Vaillancourt M, Mok E, Frei J, Dasgupta K, Rahme E, Bell L, Da Costa D, Nakhla M. Qualitative study exploring the perspectives of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes after transfer to adult care from a paediatric diabetes centre in Montreal, Canada. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076524. [PMID: 37879699 PMCID: PMC10603410 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among youth living with type 1 diabetes (T1D), the increasing demands to diabetes self-care and medical follow-up during the transition from paediatric to adult care has been associated with greater morbidity and mortality. Inadequate healthcare support for youth during the transition care period could exacerbate psychosocial risks and difficulties that are common during emerging adulthood. The current investigation sought to explore the post-transfer perceptions of emerging adults living with T1D relating to their transition to adult care. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-three emerging adults living with T1D were recruited during paediatric care and contacted for a semistructured interview post-transfer to adult care (16.2±4.2 months post-transfer) in Montreal, Canada. We analysed data using thematic analysis. RESULTS We identified four key themes: (1) varied perceptions of the transition process from being quick and abrupt with minimal advice or information from paediatric healthcare providers (HCP) to more positive including a greater motivation for self-management and the transition being concurrent with the developmental period; (2) facilitators to the transition process included informational and tangible social support from HCPs and family or friends, a positive relationship with adult HCP and a greater ease in communicating with the adult care clinic or adult HCP; (3) barriers to adequate transition included lack of advice or information from paediatric HCPs, loss of support from HCPs and friends or family, the separation of healthcare services and greater difficulty in making appointments with adult clinic or HCP and (4) participants recommendations for improving the transition included increasing the length and frequency of appointments in adult care, having access to educational information, and better transition preparation from paediatric HCPs. CONCLUSIONS The experiences and perceptions of emerging adults are invaluable to guide the ongoing development and improvement of transition programmes for childhood-onset chronic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elise Mok
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jennifer Frei
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kaberi Dasgupta
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elham Rahme
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lorraine Bell
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Deborah Da Costa
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Meranda Nakhla
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Wang XS, Marani H, Harris‐Taylor C, Drazek L, Rusen J, Farnell N, Lipscombe L, Mukerji G. Quality gaps in care delivery among emerging adults with type 1 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e823. [PMID: 36210875 PMCID: PMC9528951 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xinye S. Wang
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada,Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Husayn Marani
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada,Women's College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual CareWomen's College HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Cheryl Harris‐Taylor
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismWomen's College HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Leah Drazek
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismWomen's College HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Janis Rusen
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismWomen's College HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Nicola Farnell
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismWomen's College HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Lorraine Lipscombe
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada,Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismWomen's College HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada,Women's College Research InstituteWomen's College HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Geetha Mukerji
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada,Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada,Women's College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual CareWomen's College HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada,Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismWomen's College HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
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Kariyawasam D, Soukup T, Parsons J, Sevdalis N, Baldellou Lopez M, Forde R, Ismail K, Jones M, Ford-Adams M, Yemane N, Pender S, Thomas S, Murrells T, Silverstien A, Forbes A. Protocol for a feasibility study and process evaluation of a psychosocially modelled diabetes education programme for young people with type 1 diabetes: the Youth Empowerment Skills (YES) programme. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062971. [PMID: 35680254 PMCID: PMC9185576 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescence is a challenging period for young people with type 1 diabetes, associated with worsening glycaemia and care disengagement. Educational interventions in this period tend to focus on diabetes-specific skills, with less emphasis on the psychosocial challenges associated with diabetes experienced by young people. To address this limitation, we codesigned with young people a psychosocially modelled programme of diabetes education, named 'Youth Empowerment Skills' (YES). The programme aims to facilitate a positive adaptation to life with diabetes and engagement with diabetes care through peer-based learning, immersive simulations and support from an outreach youth worker. Here, we present a protocol for a feasibility study of the YES programme. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study was designed following the Medical Research Council Complex Intervention Evaluation Framework to: test the feasibility (acceptance, implementability, recruitment and completion) of the YES programme; and estimate its efficacy in relation to metabolic and psychosocial outcomes. The study will take place in diabetes centres serving socioculturally diverse populations. We will conduct a feasibility randomised controlled trial (waiting-list design) with integrated process evaluation. Fifty young people with type 1 diabetes (aged 14-19 years) will be randomly allocated to either the YES intervention or a waiting-list control. Randomisation acceptability will be assessed with provision for a preference allocation. Outcomes will be evaluated at 6 months, at which point the waiting list participants will be exposed to the YES programme with further follow-up to 12 months. A simultaneous process evaluation will use a mixed-methods approach collecting qualitative and quantitative data. Study findings will be used to optimise the intervention components, outcome measures and recruitment methods to inform a subsequent definitive trial. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol has ethical approval from the UK Health Research Authority (approval IRAS project ID: 279877). Findings will be disseminated in multiple formats for lay and professional audiences. PROTOCOL DATE AND VERSION 7 April 2021, V.1.1. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04670198.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulmini Kariyawasam
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy's and St.Thomas 'NHS foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tayana Soukup
- Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Judith Parsons
- Division of Care Long-term Conditions, King's College London Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, London, UK
| | - Nick Sevdalis
- Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Baldellou Lopez
- Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rita Forde
- Division of Care Long-term Conditions, King's College London Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, London, UK
| | - Khalida Ismail
- Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marie Jones
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy's and St.Thomas 'NHS foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Martha Ford-Adams
- Paediatric Diabetes Department, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nardos Yemane
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy's and St.Thomas 'NHS foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Siobhan Pender
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy's and St.Thomas 'NHS foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephen Thomas
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy's and St.Thomas 'NHS foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Trevor Murrells
- National Nursing Research Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alex Silverstien
- Division of Care Long-term Conditions, King's College London Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, London, UK
| | - Angus Forbes
- Division of Care Long-term Conditions, King's College London Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, London, UK
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5
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McClintock JM, Blackmore T, Chepulis LM, Fraser S, Paul RG. The psychological profile of youth and young adults with type 1 diabetes in New Zealand. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:150-156. [PMID: 34773333 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The psychological status of New Zealanders living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is unknown. This study's purpose is to determine the prevalence of general wellbeing, diabetes-specific distress, and disordered eating, and explore their relationships with glycemic control. METHODS Participants were patients aged 15-24 years with T1D (N = 200) who attended their routine multidisciplinary clinic at the Waikato Regional Diabetes Service. They completed questionnaires including the World Health Organization Well-Being Index, the Problem Areas in Diabetes scales, and the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised. Clinical and demographic information were also collected. RESULTS Median age of participants was 19.3 years and 14% identified as Māori (indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand). Median HbA1c was 73 mmol/mol. One fifth of participants experienced low emotional wellbeing, including 7.5% who experienced likely depression. Diabetes distress was found in 24.1%, and 30.7% experienced disordered eating behaviors. Differences were identified between Māori and non-Māori in measures of diabetes distress and disordered eating, with Māori more likely to score in clinically significant ranges (50% vs. 19.9%; 53.6% vs. 26.7%, p < 0.05). Disordered eating was correlated with HbA1c , body mass index, and social deprivation; diabetes distress was associated with HbA1c and inversely with age (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first of its kind to determine that New Zealanders living with T1D experience significant psychological distress. Research with larger Māori representation is needed to more closely review identified inequities. Replication in other local clinics will help contribute to the ongoing development of normative data for Aotearoa New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M McClintock
- Waikato Regional Diabetes Service, Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Tania Blackmore
- Waikato Medical Research Centre, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Lynne M Chepulis
- Waikato Medical Research Centre, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Sonya Fraser
- Waikato Regional Diabetes Service, Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ryan G Paul
- Waikato Regional Diabetes Service, Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Waikato Medical Research Centre, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Ladha S, Fox D, Bone JN, Amed S. An Analysis of Self-Reported Barriers to Type 1 Diabetes Care in a Pediatric Population in British Columbia, Canada. Can J Diabetes 2020; 45:383-389. [PMID: 33358268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim in this study was to identify patient-level barriers to attending pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) clinic and to better understand the demographic and clinical characteristics of these reporting barriers. METHODS Patients were recruited from pediatric T1DM clinics throughout British Columbia. Barriers to attending clinic were identified through a survey. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who reported difficulty attending clinic appointments were compared with those who did not. RESULTS Of the 197 study participants, 31% reported difficulty attending appointments. Commonly reported barriers were distance to clinic and missing work. Younger child age and residing in northern regions increased the odds of reporting a barrier, whereas residing on Vancouver Island decreased odds of reporting a barrier. There were no differences in glycated hemoglobin levels between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Approximately 1 in 3 patients identified challenges in attending T1DM appointments in British Columbia. Further research is needed to determine whether similar challenges exist in other provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Ladha
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Danya Fox
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey N Bone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shazhan Amed
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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7
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Increasing Access to Patient-Centred Care: Initial Observations and Feasibility of a Pediatric Diabetes Drop-In Clinic. Can J Diabetes 2020; 45:417-420. [PMID: 33162370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Brewster S, Bartholomew J, Holt RIG, Price H. Non-attendance at diabetes outpatient appointments: a systematic review. Diabet Med 2020; 37:1427-1442. [PMID: 31968127 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-attendance at diabetes outpatient appointments is a sizeable problem worldwide and has been associated with suboptimal health outcomes. We aimed to describe the characteristics, health outcomes and reasons given for non-attendance at doctor- or nurse-led diabetes appointments, and interventions to improve attendance. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsychInfo were searched from database inception to February 2019. Included articles were peer-reviewed, published in English, related to adults or young people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and addressed one of the above aspects of non-attendance. Studies were excluded if reporting on other types of diabetes or reviewing attendance at structured education, retinal screening, paediatric, antenatal, podiatry or dietetic clinics. RESULTS Thirty-four studies of varied designs were identified (15 observational, 1 randomized control trial, 9 qualitative, 5 surveys, 4 service improvements). The definition of non-attendance varied. Younger adults, smokers and those with financial pressures were less likely to attend. Non-attendance was associated with higher HbA1c ; other outcomes were varied but typically worse in non-attenders. Reasons for non-attendance in qualitative studies fell into three categories: balancing the costs and benefits of attendance, coping strategies, and the relationships between the person with diabetes and healthcare professionals. Interventions included appointment management strategies, service improvements, patient navigators and WebCam appointments. CONCLUSIONS Non-attendance is only partially explained by logistical issues. Qualitative studies suggest complex psychosocial factors are involved. Interventions have progressed from simple appointment reminders in an attempt to address some of the psycho-social determinants, but more work is needed to improve attendance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brewster
- Research and Development Tom Rudd Unit, Moorgreen Hospital, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - J Bartholomew
- CRN Wessex, NIHR Clinical Research Network (CRN), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - R I G Holt
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - H Price
- Research and Development Tom Rudd Unit, Moorgreen Hospital, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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Dovey-Pearce G, Rapley T, McDonagh JE. Delivering developmentally appropriate health care: Roles for psychologists as members of the multi-disciplinary health care team. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 25:579-593. [PMID: 32081019 DOI: 10.1177/1359104520907147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing global attention on the health and wellbeing needs of young people. Preventive and proactive approaches will likely lead to the clearest dividends for young people, their own children and wider society. A brief overview of the international context for young people's health care is given. As well as influencing policy, there are important roles for the health care team, including psychologists, to influence the organisations they work within, advocating for the needs of young people and their families. This is the focus of this article. The concept of developmentally appropriate health care (DAH) for young people is explored. It could help when planning services and approaches that respond to the needs of young people. Building relationships is likely to be key, to connect with young people to help them make health and wellbeing decisions, and provide individualised support. The 'connectedness' research could also be helpful in looking beyond the health care evidence. A key challenge for psychologists and their multi-disciplinary health care colleagues, in practice and research, is to move away from a reliance on binary, easier-to-measure health and wellbeing outcomes and, instead, find ways to promote and measure developmental outcomes that are meaningful to young people and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Dovey-Pearce
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, UK.,Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Tim Rapley
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University, UK
| | - Janet E McDonagh
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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10
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Thompson FM, Ferguson JW, Kelly DA, Hirschfield GM. Liver disease in the young adult: the challenges and rewards. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 4:248-254. [PMID: 30739664 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(18)30244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of children are surviving into adulthood with a diagnosis of liver disease or having undergone liver transplantation. This population presents some challenges for the adult hepatologist, and a formal transition service clearly improves outcomes for patients in this group. Evidence of ongoing neurological development in young people up to the age of 25 years exists, and understanding these physiological processes is important in overcoming some of the challenges that caring for this population presents. A well designed transition service is key to maximising potential for these patients, and should enable young people to take control of their illness and achieve their life goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Thompson
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - James W Ferguson
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Deirdre A Kelly
- The Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gideon M Hirschfield
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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Scott A, O'Cathain A, Goyder E. Socioeconomic disparities in access to intensive insulin regimens for adults with type 1 diabetes: a qualitative study of patient and healthcare professional perspectives. Int J Equity Health 2019; 18:150. [PMID: 31604437 PMCID: PMC6788115 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-019-1061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes is a complex chronic condition which requires lifelong treatment with insulin. Health outcomes are dependent on ability to self-manage the condition. Socioeconomic inequalities have been demonstrated in access to treatment and health outcomes for adults with type 1 diabetes; however, there is a paucity of research exploring how these disparities occur. This study explores the influence of socioeconomic factors in gaining access to intensive insulin regimens for adults with type 1 diabetes. Methods We undertook a qualitative descriptive study informed by a phenomenological perspective. In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with 28 patients and 6 healthcare professionals involved in their care. The interviews were analysed using a thematic approach. The Candidacy theory for access to healthcare for vulnerable groups framed the analysis. Results Access to intensive insulin regimens was through hospital-based specialist services in this sample. Patients from lower socioeconomic groups had difficulty accessing hospital-based services if they were in low paid work and because they lacked the ability to navigate the healthcare system. Once these patients were in the specialist system, access to intensive insulin regimens was limited by non-alignment with healthcare professional goals, poor health literacy, psychosocial problems and poor quality communication. These factors could also affect access to structured diabetes education which itself improved access to intensive insulin regimens. Contact with diabetes specialist nurses and attendance at structured diabetes education courses could ameliorate these barriers. Conclusions Access to intensive insulin regimens was hindered for people in lower socioeconomic groups by a complex mix of factors relating to the permeability of specialist services, ability to navigate the healthcare system and patient interactions with healthcare providers. Improving access to diabetes specialist nurses and structured diabetes education for vulnerable patients could lessen socioeconomic disparities in both access to services and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Scott
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
| | - Alicia O'Cathain
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | - Elizabeth Goyder
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
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12
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Hill K, Ward P, Gleadle J. "I kind of gave up on it after a while, became too hard, closed my eyes, didn't want to know about it"-adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus describe defeat in the context of low social support. Health Expect 2018; 22:254-261. [PMID: 30565796 PMCID: PMC6433328 DOI: 10.1111/hex.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a lifelong condition that requires diligent self‐management to avoid complications. Living with T1DM is a considerable challenge and the inability to follow a prescribed regimen is often termed non‐compliance. However, this fails to acknowledge that for some people the barriers to glycaemic control may be insurmountable. Objective This qualitative study explores the structural determinants, social context and lived experience of T1DM with 17 adults to understand influences on patterns of self‐care, engagement with and trust in health‐care services, and health outcomes. Results Their stories tell us that strong social support is vital to disease adaptation and ongoing management. When social support is absent, the story is one of struggling with intensive diabetes management alone and difficulty controlling blood glucose levels. When confronted with suboptimal glycaemic control, participants isolated from social support developed combative relationships with health‐care providers and disengaged from health care. Their subsequent slide to chronic comorbid illness is steep and this study reveals the heartache and loss experienced when difficult life circumstances and low levels of social support have led to irreparable kidney damage. Conclusion Patterns of poor glycaemic control viewed in the health‐care encounter without an understanding of the context or life circumstances in which they are occurring can lead to an inability to engage with health‐care services. Disengagement from services and the absence of specialist care further isolates people, leaving them managing their diabetes alone with limited success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Hill
- Discipline of Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Ward
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan Gleadle
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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13
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Farre A, McDonagh JE. Helping Health Services to Meet the Needs of Young People with Chronic Conditions: Towards a Developmental Model for Transition. Healthcare (Basel) 2017; 5:healthcare5040077. [PMID: 29048340 PMCID: PMC5746711 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare5040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition to adult healthcare has been the subject of increased research and policy attention over many years. However, unmet needs of adolescent and young adults (AYAs) and their families continue to be documented, and universal implementation has yet to be realised. Therefore, it is pertinent to re-examine health transition in light of the principles of adolescent medicine from which it emerged, and consider this particular life transition in terms of a developmental milestone rather than a negotiation of structural boundaries between child and adult services. Health transitions are an integral part of AYA development and as such, occur alongside, and in connection with, a range of other important transitions that affect many other areas of life. In this paper, we discuss the interrelated nature of health transitions and AYA development; outline the underpinnings of a developmentally appropriate approach to transitional care; and consider the outcome measurement of such care based on existing evidence. A developmental approach has the potential to refocus transition on the fundamental principles of adolescent medicine, enabling health transition to be integrated along with other life transitions into routine AYA developmental assessments rather than being limited to the geographies of different healthcare settings and a potential health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Farre
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Janet E McDonagh
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK.
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White M, O'Connell MA, Cameron FJ. Clinic attendance and disengagement of young adults with type 1 diabetes after transition of care from paediatric to adult services (TrACeD): a randomised, open-label, controlled trial. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2017; 1:274-283. [PMID: 30169183 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(17)30089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Care transition from paediatric to adult services for young adults with type 1 diabetes is frequently associated with decreased attendance at outpatient hospital clinics and increased disengagement from specialist services. We aimed to assess the effect of an appointment-management intervention on clinic attendance and disengagement after transition. METHODS We did a randomised, open-label, controlled trial of patients aged 17-19 years with type 1 diabetes. Participants were recruited from a tertiary paediatric diabetes service at the Royal Children's Hospital (Melbourne, VIC, Australia) and had to be scheduled for transition to adult services at one of eight centres in Melbourne. We randomly assigned participants (1:1), using sequential sealed opaque envelopes, to either appointment management (intervention) or current care (control). The appointment manager acted as the point of contact between intervention group participants and the relevant adult clinics, and provided personalised pre-appointment telephone and short message service (SMS) reminders with automatic rebooking of missed appointments. No contact was initiated with the control group after recruitment, and any self-initiated contact with the investigating team was directed to the participant's previous treating paediatric physician. The intervention continued throughout the trial until at least 12 months of follow-up data were obtained for all participants. We assessed the mean frequency of adult clinic attendance and disengagement from services during 0-12 months after transition (primary outcomes) and 12-24 months after transition (secondary outcomes), analysed by intention to treat. We used regression analyses, adjusted for clinic attendance and glycated haemoglobin concentration pre-transition, to analyse the effect of the intervention. This study is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (number ACTRN12611001012965). FINDINGS Between Jan 4, 2012, and Dec 31, 2014, we randomly assigned 120 individuals, 60 to the intervention and 60 to control. During 0-12 months after transition, the mean number of clinics attended was 2·3 (SD 1·1) in the intervention group and 2·3 (1·4) in the control group (p=0·84; adjusted β 0·1, SE 0·2, p=0·88); three (6%) of 49 participants in the intervention group and six (11%) of 55 in the control group disengaged from services (p=0·38; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0·5, 95% CI 0·1-2·3, p=0·36). At 12-24 months post-transition, mean clinic attendance was 2·5 (SD 1·3) in the intervention group and 1·4 (SD 1·8) in the control group (p=0·001; adjusted β 0·9, SE 0·4, p=0·009); two (6%) of 32 in the intervention group and 18 (49%) of 37 in the control group disengaged from services (p=0·001; adjusted OR 0·1, 95% CI 0·1-0·2, p=0·001). Neither the intervention nor pre-transition clinic attendance had an independent effect on glycated haemoglobin after transition. INTERPRETATION Appointment management did not increase clinic attendance and did not decrease disengagement with services 0-12 months after transition to adult services, but had a positive effect during 12-24 months after transition. FUNDING Australasian Paediatric Endocrine Group and Lilly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary White
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology & Diabetes, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Michele A O'Connell
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fergus J Cameron
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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O'Hara MC, Hynes L, O'Donnell M, Nery N, Byrne M, Heller SR, Dinneen SF. A systematic review of interventions to improve outcomes for young adults with Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2017; 34:753-769. [PMID: 27761951 PMCID: PMC5484309 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many young adults with Type 1 diabetes experience poor outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving clinical, behavioural or psychosocial outcomes for young adults with Type 1 diabetes. METHODS Electronic databases were searched. Any intervention studies related to education, support, behaviour change or health service organizational change for young adults aged between 15-30 years with Type 1 diabetes were included. A narrative synthesis of all studies was undertaken due to the large degree of heterogeneity between studies. RESULTS Eighteen studies (of a possible 1700) were selected and categorized: Health Services Delivery (n = 4), Group Education and Peer Support (n = 6), Digital Platforms (n = 4) and Diabetes Devices (n = 4). Study designs included one randomized controlled trial, three retrospective studies, seven feasibility/acceptability studies and eight studies with a pre/post design. Continuity, support, education and tailoring of interventions to young adults were the most common themes across studies. HbA1c was the most frequently measured outcome, but only 5 of 12 studies that measured it showed a significant improvement. CONCLUSION Based on the heterogeneity among the studies, the effectiveness of interventions on clinical, behavioural and psychosocial outcomes among young adults is inconclusive. This review has highlighted a lack of high-quality, well-designed interventions, aimed at improving health outcomes for young adults with Type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. C. O'Hara
- School of MedicineNUI GalwayGalwayIreland
- Endocrinology and Diabetes CentreGalway University HospitalsGalwayIreland
| | - L. Hynes
- School of PsychologyNUI GalwayGalwayIreland
| | | | - N. Nery
- School of MedicineNUI GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - M. Byrne
- School of PsychologyNUI GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - S. R. Heller
- Department of Human MetabolismAcademic Unit of DiabetesEndocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - S. F. Dinneen
- School of MedicineNUI GalwayGalwayIreland
- Endocrinology and Diabetes CentreGalway University HospitalsGalwayIreland
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16
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Wright J, Elwell L, McDonagh JE, Kelly DA, Wray J. "Are these adult doctors gonna know me?" Experiences of transition for young people with a liver transplant. Pediatr Transplant 2016; 20:912-920. [PMID: 27558645 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Excellent survival rates in paediatric LTx have resulted in increasing numbers of young people transferring from paediatric to adult care. Understanding the mechanisms of successful transition is imperative for ensuring good long-term outcomes and developing services for young people. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 young people (10 females; age range: 15.2-25.1 years). Eight were within 1 year of transferring to adult services; nine had transferred. Interviews were analysed using IPA. Analysis revealed two major themes in both pre- and post-transfer groups: "relationships with healthcare professionals" and "continuity of care." Young people experienced difficulty ending relationships with paediatric clinicians and forming new relationships with adult clinicians. They expressed frustrations over a perceived lack of continuity of care after transfer and a fear of the unknown nature of adult services. The importance of a holistic approach to care was emphasized. Interventions are needed to support young people in transition, particularly in ending relationships in paediatric care and forming new relationships in adult care. Young people need help to develop strategies to cope with the different approaches in adult services. Interventions to provide clinicians with skills to communicate and engage with young people are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wright
- Liver Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - L Elwell
- Liver Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J E McDonagh
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - D A Kelly
- Liver Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Wray
- Critical Care and Cardiorespiratory Division, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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James S, Perry L, Gallagher R, Lowe J. Diabetes Educators' Intended and Reported Use of Common Diabetes-Related Technologies: Discrepancies and Dissonance. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2016; 10:1277-1286. [PMID: 27179011 PMCID: PMC5094322 DOI: 10.1177/1932296816646798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technology provides adjuvant and/or alternative approaches to care and may promote self-care, communication, and engagement with health care services. Common recent technologies for diabetes include continuous subcutaneous insulin infusions (insulin pumps), continuous glucose monitoring systems, smartphone and tablet applications, and telehealth (video conferencing). This study reports Australian diabetes educators' intentions and reported professional use of these technologies for people with type 1 diabetes, and factors predictive of this. METHODS An anonymous, web-based questionnaire based on the technology acceptance model was distributed to members of the Australian Diabetes Educators Association through their electronic newsletter. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 5-factor solution comprising confidence and competence, improving clinical practice, preparation (intentions and training), ease of use, and subjective norms. Logistic regression analyses identified factors predicting intention and use of technology. RESULTS Respondents (n = 228) had high intentions to use technology. The majority reported using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusions, continuous glucose monitoring systems, and applications with patients, but usage was occasional. Confidence and competence independently predicted both intentions and use of all 4 technologies. Preparation (intentions and training) independently predicted use of each technology also. CONCLUSIONS Discrepancies and dissonance appear between diabetes educators' intentions and behavior (intentions to use and reported technology use). Intentions were higher than current use, which was relatively low and not likely to provide significant support to people with type 1 diabetes for disease management, communication, and engagement with health care services. Continuing education and experiential learning may be key in supporting diabetes educators to align their intentions with their practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven James
- University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Lin Perry
- University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Julia Lowe
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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18
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Hynes L, Byrne M, Dinneen SF, McGuire BE, O'Donnell M, Mc Sharry J. Barriers and facilitators associated with attendance at hospital diabetes clinics among young adults (15-30 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Pediatr Diabetes 2016; 17:509-518. [PMID: 25080975 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular clinic attendance is recommended to facilitate self-management of diabetes. Poor attendance is common among young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). This systematic review aimed to produce a narrative synthesis of the evidence regarding factors which promote or impede regular attendance at adult diabetes clinics among young adults (15-30 years) with type 1 DM. Studies reporting facilitators and barriers to clinic attendance were identified by searching four electronic databases, checking reference lists, and contacting diabetes research networks. A total of 12 studies (8 quantitative and 4 qualitative) met the inclusion criteria. Young adult's experiences transitioning from paediatric to adult diabetes care can influence attendance at the adult clinic positively if there is a comprehensive transition programme in place, or negatively if the two clinics do not communicate and provide adequate support. Post-transition, relationship development and perceptions of the value of attending the clinic are important for regular attendance. Controlled research is required to better understand decisions to attend or not attend outpatient services among people with chronic conditions. Service delivery must be sensitive to the developmental characteristics of young adults and tailored support may be required by young adults at greatest risk of non-attendance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hynes
- School of Psychology, Health Behaviour Change Research Group, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Molly Byrne
- School of Psychology, Health Behaviour Change Research Group, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sean F Dinneen
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian E McGuire
- School of Psychology and Galway Diabetes Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Máire O'Donnell
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Mc Sharry
- School of Psychology, Health Behaviour Change Research Group, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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McLean SM, Booth A, Gee M, Salway S, Cobb M, Bhanbhro S, Nancarrow SA. Appointment reminder systems are effective but not optimal: results of a systematic review and evidence synthesis employing realist principles. Patient Prefer Adherence 2016; 10:479-99. [PMID: 27110102 PMCID: PMC4831598 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s93046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Missed appointments are an avoidable cost and resource inefficiency which impact upon the health of the patient and treatment outcomes. Health care services are increasingly utilizing reminder systems to manage these negative effects. This study explores the effectiveness of reminder systems for promoting attendance, cancellations, and rescheduling of appointments across all health care settings and for particular patient groups and the contextual factors which indicate that reminders are being employed sub-optimally. We used three inter-related reviews of quantitative and qualitative evidence. Firstly, using pre-existing models and theories, we developed a conceptual framework to inform our understanding of the contexts and mechanisms which influence reminder effectiveness. Secondly, we performed a review following Centre for Reviews and Dissemination guidelines to investigate the effectiveness of different methods of reminding patients to attend health service appointments. Finally, to supplement the effectiveness information, we completed a review informed by realist principles to identify factors likely to influence non-attendance behaviors and the effectiveness of reminders. We found consistent evidence that all types of reminder systems are effective at improving appointment attendance across a range of health care settings and patient populations. Reminder systems may also increase cancellation and rescheduling of unwanted appointments. "Reminder plus", which provides additional information beyond the reminder function may be more effective than simple reminders (ie, date, time, place) at reducing non-attendance at appointments in particular circumstances. We identified six areas of inefficiency which indicate that reminder systems are being used sub-optimally. Unless otherwise indicated, all patients should receive a reminder to facilitate attendance at their health care appointment. The choice of reminder system should be tailored to the individual service. To optimize appointment and reminder systems, health care services need supportive administrative processes to enhance attendance, cancellation, rescheduling, and re-allocation of appointments to other patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Booth
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Melanie Gee
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah Salway
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mark Cobb
- Therapeutics & Palliative Care, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sadiq Bhanbhro
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Susan A Nancarrow
- School of Health and Human Science, Southern Cross University, East Lismore, NSW, Australia
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20
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Vanstone M, Rewegan A, Brundisini F, Dejean D, Giacomini M. Patient Perspectives on Quality of Life With Uncontrolled Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Qualitative Meta-synthesis. ONTARIO HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT SERIES 2015; 15:1-29. [PMID: 26649106 PMCID: PMC4664939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus may be candidates for pancreatic islet cell transplantation. This report synthesizes qualitative research on how patients with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes perceive their quality of life. OBJECTIVE The objective of this analysis was to examine the perceptions of patients with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes on how it affects their lived experience and quality of life. DATA SOURCES This report synthesizes 31 primary qualitative studies to examine quality of life from the perspectives of adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their families or partners. REVIEW METHODS We performed a qualitative meta-synthesis to integrate findings across primary research studies. RESULTS Long- and short-term negative consequences of uncontrolled type 1 diabetes affect all aspects of patients' lives: physical, emotional, practical, and social. The effect on each domain is far-reaching, and effects interact across domains. Uncontrolled blood sugar levels lead to substantial psychological distress, negative moods, cognitive difficulties, irritable or aggressive behaviour, and closely associated problems with relationships, self-image, and confidence. Emotional distress is pervasive and under-addressed by health care providers. Patients live in fear of complications from diabetes over the long term. In the shorter term, they are anxious about the personal, social, and professional consequences of hypoglycemic episodes (e.g., injury, humiliation), and may curtail normal activities such as driving or socializing because they are worried about having an episode. The quality of life for patients' family members is also negatively impacted by uncontrolled type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Uncontrolled type 1 diabetes has significant negative impacts on the quality of life of both people with the disease and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Vanstone
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario ; Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - Alex Rewegan
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - Francesca Brundisini
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario ; Health Policy PhD Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - Deirdre Dejean
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario ; Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - Mita Giacomini
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario ; Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
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Cruikshank M, Foster HE, Stewart J, Davidson JE, Rapley T. Transitional care in clinical networks for young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: current situation and challenges. Clin Rheumatol 2015; 35:893-9. [PMID: 25920453 PMCID: PMC4819554 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-015-2950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Clinical networks for paediatric and adolescent rheumatology are evolving, and their effect and role in the transition process between paediatric and adult services are unknown. We therefore explored the experiences of those involved to try and understand this further. Health professionals, young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and their families were recruited via five national health service paediatric and adolescent rheumatology specialist centres and networks across the UK. Seventy participants took part in focus groups and one-to-one interviews. Data was analysed using coding, memoing and mapping techniques to identify features of transitional services across the sector. Variation and inequities in transitional care exist. Although transition services in networks are evolving, development has lagged behind other areas with network establishment focusing more on access to paediatric rheumatology multidisciplinary teams. Challenges include workforce shortfalls, differences in service priorities, standards and healthcare infrastructures, and managing the legacy of historic encounters. Providing equitable high-quality clinically effective services for transition across the UK has a long way to go. There is a call from within the sector for more protected time, staff and resources to develop transition roles and services, as well as streamlining of local referral pathways between paediatric and adult healthcare services. In addition, there is a need to support professionals in developing their understanding of transitional care in clinical networks, particularly around service design, organisational change and the interpersonal skills required for collaborative working. Key messages • Transitional care in clinical networks requires collaborative working and an effective interface with paediatric and adult rheumatology. • Professional centrism and historic encounters may affect collaborative relationships within clinical networks. • Education programmes need to support the development of interpersonal skills and change management, to facilitate professionals in networks delivering transitional care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Cruikshank
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Helen E Foster
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jane Stewart
- School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Joyce E Davidson
- Scottish Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology Network, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Tim Rapley
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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22
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Farre A, Wood V, Rapley T, Parr JR, Reape D, McDonagh JE. Developmentally appropriate healthcare for young people: a scoping study. Arch Dis Child 2015; 100:144-51. [PMID: 25260519 PMCID: PMC4912032 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2014-306749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing recognition of the importance of providing quality healthcare to meet the biopsychosocial needs of young people. 'Developmentally appropriate healthcare' (DAH) for young people is one term used to explain what these services consist of. However, this term remains ill defined. AIMS (i) To analyse the use of the term DAH in the scientific literature and (ii) to identify and explore the range of meanings attributed to the term in relation to young people. METHODS A scoping review was conducted to map the presence of the term DAH in the literature. To analyse the use and meanings attributed to the DAH terminology, data underwent qualitative content analysis using a summative approach. RESULTS 62 papers were selected and subjected to content analysis. An explicit definition of DAH was provided in only 1 of the 85 uses of the term DAH within the data set and in none of the 58 uses of the prefix 'developmentally appropriate'. A link between the use of the term DAH and the domains of adolescent medicine, young people, chronic conditions and transitional care was identified; as were the core ideas underpinning the use of DAH. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for consistency in the use of the term DAH for young people, the related stage-of-life terminology and age range criteria. Consensus is now needed as to the content and range of a formal conceptual and operational definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Farre
- School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK,Corresponding author:
| | - Victoria Wood
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tim Rapley
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jeremy R Parr
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Debbie Reape
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Janet E McDonagh
- School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Ashurst EJ, Jones RB, Abraham C, Jenner M, Boddy K, Besser RE, Hammersley S, Pinkney J. The diabetes app challenge: user-led development and piloting of internet applications enabling young people with diabetes to set the focus for their diabetes consultations. MEDICINE 2.0 2014; 3:e5. [PMID: 25654312 PMCID: PMC4318679 DOI: 10.2196/med20.3032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Traditionally, some teenagers and young adults with diabetes have not engaged well at diabetes appointments, giving rise to concerns about long-term health risks. We considered that apps might help this group of patients to improve preparation for, and therefore engagement at their appointments. Although there are already many apps for young people with type 1 diabetes (YPD), we thought that by supporting YPD themselves to develop apps, the resulting products would have greater “authenticity” and relevance. Objective To test the feasibility of an online competition to (1) recruit and support YPD to develop apps (mobile or Internet based) to help prepare for clinic appointments, and (2) for these apps to be tested and rated by YPD. Methods The “Diabetes App Challenge” was a United Kingdom (UK) national competition, run between June and October 2012 for teams including at least one YPD (aged 16-25) to pilot the design and development of apps for use by other YPD prior to clinic appointments. The competition was advertised by social media, email, AdWords and postings on the Diabetes UK website. Registrants for the competition were supported via email and discussion forum. After app development, other YPD were invited (November 2012-February 2013) to trial the apps, choose and use one prior to a clinic appointment, and review their experiences. Results Of 56 people (including 28 YPD) who expressed interest in the competition, 6 teams (14 people) developed and submitted an app. Two apps aimed to facilitate agenda setting in clinic consultations, 2 enabled data logging and 2 helped insulin dose calculation. Of 135 YPD who registered to trial the apps, 83 (61.5%) took part (mean age 18.98, 37/83 male). Agenda setting apps were considered most useful for preparing for and setting the focus of clinic appointments (P=.02). Just over half (46/83, 55%) said they would use their chosen app again and 4/5 (67/83, 81%) would recommend it to a friend. Conclusions This competition to engage YPD in developing and reviewing apps proved successful. App designers and testers saw a need for a range of functions. However, this may, in part, reflect a lack of detailed knowledge of all existing apps and be limited by the technical skills of YPD. App competitions appear worth applying to other patient groups, but future competitions should include a review stage and perhaps focus on ideas for app design for subsequent professional implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Ashurst
- Plymouth University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Plymouth, United Kingdom
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McLean S, Gee M, Booth A, Salway S, Nancarrow S, Cobb M, Bhanbhro S. Targeting the Use of Reminders and Notifications for Uptake by Populations (TURNUP): a systematic review and evidence synthesis. HEALTH SERVICES AND DELIVERY RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3310/hsdr02340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMissed appointments are an avoidable cost and a resource inefficiency that impact on the health of the patient and treatment outcomes. Health-care services are increasingly utilising reminder systems to counter these negative effects.ObjectivesThis project explores the differential effect of reminder systems for different segments of the population for improving attendance, cancellation and rescheduling of appointments.DesignThree inter-related reviews of quantitative and qualitative evidence relating to theoretical explanations for appointment behaviour (review 1), the effectiveness of different approaches to reminding patients to attend health service appointments (review 2) and factors likely to influence non-attendance (review 3).Data sourcesDatabase searches were conducted on Allied and Complementary Medicine, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus with Full Text, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE (via NHS Evidence from 1 January 2000 to January/February 2012), Health Management Information Consortium database, Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersXplore, The King’s Fund Library Catalogue, Maternity and Infant Care, MEDLINE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science from 1 January 2000 to January/February 2012. Supplementary screening of references of included studies was conducted to identify additional potentially relevant studies. Conceptual papers were identified for review 1, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews for review 2 and a range of quantitative and qualitative research designs for review 3.MethodsWe conducted three inter-related reviews of quantitative and qualitative evidence, involving a review of conceptual frameworks of reminder systems and adherence behaviours, a review of the reminder effectiveness literature and a review informed by realist principles to explain the contexts and mechanisms that explain reminder effectiveness. A preliminary conceptual framework was developed to show how reminder systems work, for whom they work and in which circumstances. Six themes emerged that potentially influence the effectiveness of the reminder or whether or not patients would attend their appointment, namely the reminder–patient interaction, reminder accessibility, health-care settings, wider social issues, cancellation and rebookings, and distal/proxy attributes. Standardised review methods were used to investigate the effectiveness of reminders to promote attendance, cancellation or rebooking across all outpatient settings. Finally, a review informed by realist principles was undertaken, using the conceptual framework to explain the context and mechanisms that influence how reminders support attendance, cancellation and rebooking.ResultsA total of 466 papers relating to 463 studies were identified for reviews 2 and 3. Findings from 31 RCTs and 11 separate systematic reviews (review 2 only) revealed that reminder systems are consistently effective at reducing non-attendance at appointments, regardless of health-care setting or patient subgroups. Simple reminders that provide details of timing and location of appointments are effective for increasing attendance at appointments. Reminders that provide additional information over and above the date, time and location of the appointment (‘reminder plus’) may be more effective than simple reminders at reducing non-attendance and may be particularly useful for first appointments and screening appointments; simple reminders may be appropriate thereafter for most patients the majority of the time. There was strong evidence that the timing of reminders, between 1 and 7 days prior to the appointment, has no effect on attendance; substantial numbers of patients do not receive their reminder; reminders promote cancellation of appointments; inadequate structural factors prevent patients from cancelling appointments; and few studies investigated factors that influence the effectiveness of reminder systems for population subgroups.LimitationsGenerally speaking, the systematic review method seeks to provide a precise answer to a tightly focused question, for which there is a high degree of homogeneity within the studies. A wide range of population types, intervention, comparison and outcomes is included within the RCTs we identified. However, use of this wider approach offers greater analytical capability in terms of understanding contextual and mechanistic factors that would not have been evident in a more narrowly focused review and increases confidence that the findings will have relevance in a wide range of service settings.ConclusionsSimple reminders or ‘reminder plus’ should be sent to all patients in the absence of any clear contraindication. Other reminder alternatives may be relevant for key groups of patients: those from a deprived background, ethnic minorities, substance abusers and those with comorbidities and/or illnesses. We are developing a practice guideline that may help managers to further tailor their reminder systems for their service and client groups. We recommend future research activities in three main areas. First, more studies should routinely consider the potential for differential effects of reminder systems between patient groups in order to identify any inequalities and remedies. Second, ‘reminder plus’ systems appear promising, but there is a need for further research to understand how they influence attendance behaviour. Third, further research is required to identify strategies to ‘optimise’ reminder systems and compare performance with current approaches.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sionnadh McLean
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Melanie Gee
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrew Booth
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah Salway
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Susan Nancarrow
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, East Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Cobb
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sadiq Bhanbhro
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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Abstract
In the USA, young adults are most likely to be uninsured and least likely to report a usual source of medical care than any age group. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) recognizes the critical need for expanded insurance coverage for this age group, and multiple provisions of the ACA address insurance coverage and health care utilization in young adults. This paper presents a brief overview of the challenges of maintaining health insurance coverage and accessing health care in young adults, provisions of the ACA relevant to young adults, and early impact of the ACA on young adult health insurance status and health care access and utilization. We offer policy suggestions for behavioral health providers to address continued challenges related to health care for young adults.
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Elders V, Keen A, Gold A. Adults with type 1 diabetes: what factors are associated with disengagement from health services? PRACTICAL DIABETES 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Johnson B, Elliott J, Scott A, Heller S, Eiser C. Medical and psychological outcomes for young adults with Type 1 diabetes: no improvement despite recent advances in diabetes care. Diabet Med 2014; 31:227-31. [PMID: 23952498 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess medical and psychological outcomes among young people with Type 1 diabetes and to compare medical outcomes with a previous audit. METHODS An observational study in two diabetes clinics for young adults (aged 16-21 years) in Sheffield, UK. Young people (n = 96: 81.4% response rate) with Type 1 diabetes (diagnosed > 6 months) completed measures of depressive symptoms, anxiety and disordered eating and consented for their medical records to be consulted. RESULTS Mean HbA1c (86 ± 23 mmol/mol; 10.0 ± 2.1%); was comparable with that reported previously and considerably higher than recommended (< 58 mmol/mol or 7.5%). Screening rates were improved and non-attendance was lower than previously reported, but levels of non-proliferative retinopathy have increased. Microvascular complications are present in 46.9% of those diagnosed more than 7 years. Elevated levels of disordered eating were reported by 35.1%. Those scoring above cut-off levels for clinical anxiety (26.6%) and depression (10.9%) are comparable with other work with young people with Type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Despite technological advances and improvements to delivery of care, HbA1c remain above recommended levels in a significant proportion of young people, many of whom already have microvascular complications. We need to learn from European centres who achieve better results, improve transition from paediatric care, integrate mental health support with diabetes care provision and take into account young people's views about clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; NIHR CLAHRC for South Yorkshire, Sheffield, UK
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28
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Wiley J, Westbrook M, Long J, Greenfield JR, Day RO, Braithwaite J. Multidisciplinary diabetes team care: the experiences of young adults with Type 1 diabetes. Health Expect 2013; 18:1783-96. [PMID: 24345040 DOI: 10.1111/hex.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research examined whether young adults with Type 1 diabetes engage with the multidisciplinary consultation process and if not, then why. METHODS We designed a web-based self-reported survey, available online from February to May 2011, for Australian adults 18-35 years with Type 1 diabetes. Respondents were asked about which clinicians they consulted to assist with self-management. To expand on the results of the survey, we interviewed 33 respondents. RESULTS SURVEY Respondents (n = 150) consulted with the following clinicians: endocrinologist and diabetes educators: 23.3%; endocrinologist only: 18.0%; endocrinologist, diabetes educators and dieticians: 14.6%; endocrinologist, diabetes educators, dietician and general practitioners (GP): 11.3%; endocrinologist and GP: 10.6%; GP only: 4.6%; all clinicians recommended to assist with self-management: 1.3%; 2.7% did not consult any clinician. Interview: Participants (n = 33) reported eight key disincentives to consultation with multidisciplinary clinicians. These were time constraints; provision of conflicting advice; inaccessibility of health services; variation in service standards; cost constraints; failure of clinicians to refer to other clinicians; lack of opportunity to build a therapeutic relationship; and failure of clinicians to engage in shared decision making. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that high attrition rates of young adults with Type 1 diabetes from recommended diabetes health services is linked to the failure of those services to meet the needs and preferences of their patients. The identified needs and preferences included joint consultation with multi-disciplinary team clinicians; flexible access to advice by email or telephone consultation; and shared decision making. Patient engagement in health-service re-design has implications for improved health-service delivery and enhanced treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Wiley
- Centre for Clinical Governance Research in Health, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mary Westbrook
- Centre for Clinical Governance Research in Health, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Janet Long
- Centre for Clinical Governance Research in Health, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jerry R Greenfield
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St Vincent's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard O Day
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Braithwaite
- Centre for Clinical Governance Research in Health, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Kibbey KJ, Speight J, Wong JLA, Smith LA, Teede HJ. Diabetes care provision: barriers, enablers and service needs of young adults with Type 1 diabetes from a region of social disadvantage. Diabet Med 2013; 30:878-84. [PMID: 23659590 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the barriers to and enablers of engaging with specialist diabetes care and the service requirements of young adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus from a low socio-economic, multicultural region. METHODS A cross-sectional survey targeted 357 young adults with Type 1 diabetes, aged 18-30 years. Participants completed questions about barriers/enablers to accessing diabetes care and service preferences, self-reported HbA(1c), plus measures of diabetes-related distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes), depression/anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and illness perceptions (Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire). RESULTS Eighty-six (24%) responses were received [55 (64%) female; mean ± sd age 24 ± 4 years; diabetes duration 12 ± 7 years; HbA(1c) 68 ± 16 mmol/mol (8.4 ± 1.5%)]. Logistical barriers to attending diabetes care were reported; for example, time constraints (30%), transportation (26%) and cost (21%). However, 'a previous unsatisfactory diabetes health experience' was cited as a barrier by 27%. Enablers were largely matched to overcoming these barriers. Over 90% preferred a multidisciplinary team environment, close to home, with after-hours appointment times. Forty per cent reported severe diabetes-related distress, 19% reported moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms and 50% reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Among these young adults with Type 1 diabetes, glycaemic control was suboptimal and emotional distress common. They had identifiable logistical barriers to accessing and maintaining contact with diabetes care services, which can be addressed with flexible service provision. A substantial minority were discouraged by previous unsatisfactory experiences, suggesting health providers need to improve their interactions with young adults. This research will inform the design of life-stage-appropriate diabetes services targeting optimal engagement, access, attendance and ultimately improved healthcare outcomes in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Kibbey
- Diabetes Unit, Southern Health, Melbourne, Australia
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30
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Dinneen SF, O'Hara MC, Byrne M, Smith D, Courtney CH, McGurk C, Heller SR, Newell J, Coffey N, Breen C, O'Scannail M, O'Shea D. Group follow-up compared to individual clinic visits after structured education for type 1 diabetes: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 100:29-38. [PMID: 23398978 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the effectiveness of group follow-up with individual follow-up after participation in the Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating (DAFNE) structured education programme. METHODS Cluster randomised controlled trial involving 437 adults with type 1 diabetes attending hospital diabetes clinics in Ireland. All participants received DAFNE at baseline. Intervention arm participants received 2 group education sessions post-DAFNE and did not attend clinics. Control arm participants received 2 one-to-one clinic visits post-DAFNE. RESULTS We observed no significant difference in the primary outcome (change in HbA1c) at 18 months follow-up (mean difference 0.14%; 95% CI -0.33 to 0.61; p=0.47). Secondary outcomes, including rates of severe hypoglycaemia, anxiety, depression, the burden of living with diabetes and quality of life did not differ between groups. Mean level of HbA1c for the entire sample (regardless of treatment arm) did not change between baseline and 18 month follow-up (p=0.09), but rates of severe hypoglycaemia, diabetes related hospital attendance, levels of anxiety, depression, the burden of living with diabetes, quality of life and treatment satisfaction all significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that group follow-up as the sole means of follow-up after structured education for individuals with type 1 diabetes is as effective as a return to one-to-one clinic visits.
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31
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Ozcan S, Rogers H, Choudhary P, Amiel SA, Cox A, Forbes A. Redesigning an intensive insulin service for patients with type 1 diabetes: a patient consultation exercise. Patient Prefer Adherence 2013; 7:471-80. [PMID: 23776329 PMCID: PMC3681326 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s43338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Providing effective support for patients in using insulin effectively is essential for good diabetes care. For that support to be effective it must reflect and attend to the needs of patients. PURPOSE To explore the perspectives of adult type 1 diabetes patients on their current diabetes care in order to generate ideas for creating a new patient centered intensive insulin clinic. METHODS A multi-method approach was used, comprising: an observational exercise of current clinical care; three focus groups (n = 17); and a survey of service users (n = 419) to test the ideas generated from the observational exercise and focus groups (rating 1 to 5 in terms of importance). The ideas generated by the multi-method approach were organized thematically and mapped onto the Chronic Care Model (CCM). RESULTS THE THEMES AND PREFERENCES FOR SERVICE REDESIGN IN RELATION TO CCM COMPONENTS WERE: health care organization, there was an interest in having enhanced systems for sharing clinical information; self-management support, patients would like more flexible and easy to access resources and more help with diabetes technology and psychosocial support; delivery system design and clinical information systems, the need for greater integration of care and better use of clinic time; productive relationships, participants would like more continuity; access to health professionals, patient involvement and care planning. The findings from the patient survey indicate high preferences for most of the areas for service enhancement identified in the focus groups and observational exercise. Clinical feedback and professional continuity (median = 5, interquartile range = 1) were the most highly rated. CONCLUSION The patient consultation process had generated important ideas on how the clinical team and service can improve the care provided. Key areas for service development were: a stronger emphasis of collaborative care planning; improved patient choice in the use of health technology; more resources for self-management support; and a more explicit format for the process of care in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyda Ozcan
- Department of Medical Nursing, Florence Nightingale Nursing Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Primary and Intermediate Care, Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Diabetes, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Correspondence: Seyda Ozcan, Department of Medical Nursing, Florence Nightingale Nursing Faculty, Istanbul University, Abide-i Hurriyet Cad. Sisli, 34381, Istanbul, Turkey, Tel +90 532 164 6717, Email
| | - Helen Rogers
- Department of Diabetes, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pratik Choudhary
- Department of Diabetes, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie A Amiel
- Department of Diabetes, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Cox
- Department of Diabetes, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angus Forbes
- Department of Primary and Intermediate Care, Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Diabetes, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Speight J, Conn J, Dunning T, Skinner TC. Diabetes Australia position statement. A new language for diabetes: improving communications with and about people with diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 97:425-31. [PMID: 22513346 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is the fastest growing chronic condition in Australia, affecting 1.7 million Australians, requiring daily self-care, and known to reduce quantity and quality of life. On average, people with diabetes experience greater emotional distress than those without diabetes. One source of distress can be the language used to refer to diabetes, its management and the person with diabetes. The way verbal and written language is used reflects and shapes people's thoughts, beliefs and behaviours. Language has the power to persuade, change or reinforce beliefs and stereotypes - for better or worse. Words do more than reflect people's reality: they create reality and affect how people view the world and their diabetes. Language needs to engage people with diabetes and support their self-care efforts. Importantly, language that de-motivates or induces fear, guilt or distress needs to be avoided and countered. Diabetes Australia believes optimal communication increases the motivation, health and well-being of people with diabetes, and that careless or negative language can be de-motivating, is often inaccurate, and can be harmful. Diabetes Australia developed this position statement to encourage greater awareness of the language surrounding diabetes and provide recommendations for more careful and positive language use.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Speight
- The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Australia - Vic, Melbourne, Australia.
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