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Horner MS, Locke KD, Hulsey TL. Assessing Affective Dimensions of the Interpersonal Circumplex: Development and Validation of the Interpersonal Emotion Inventory. J Pers Assess 2024:1-18. [PMID: 39268983 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2400266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Interpersonal emotions are feelings distinctively associated with real or imagined interpersonal situations. We propose that interpersonal emotions can be organized within the same circumplex used by contemporary integrative interpersonal theory to organize other aspects of interpersonal functioning. Our research explores the affective dimensions underpinning the interpersonal circumplex (IPC) and maps distinct emotional dispositions using coordinates for agentic and communal affect. Our aim is to provide a better differentiated and more comprehensive taxonomy of interpersonal emotions consistent with the IPC framework. In an initial development study (N = 1223 undergraduates) we used circumplex and psychometric criteria to create a 64-item Interpersonal Emotion Inventory (IEI), a novel self-report measure of interpersonal emotions reflecting each IPC octant. We then tested the structural properties and utility of the IEI in a preregistered validation study (N = 278 community participants). Across both studies, the IEI scales exhibited good fit to a two-dimensional circular model. The IEI demonstrated robust convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity in relation to measures of interpersonal values and problems, positive and negative affect, adult attachment, self-conscious emotions, self-esteem, and facets of narcissism. By complementing existing measures of affect and interpersonal phenomena, the IEI should prove useful in both research and clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Horner
- Veterans Affairs Outpatient Clinic, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kenneth D Locke
- Department of Psychology and Communication, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
| | - Timothy L Hulsey
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
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2
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Asan AE, Pincus AL, Ansell EB. A Multi-Method Study of Interpersonal Complementarity and Mentalization. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2024; 110:104478. [PMID: 38617900 PMCID: PMC11007865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Research finds cross-sectional relationships between mentalizing impairments and maladaptive personality traits. The current study connects mentalizing impairments to dynamic interpersonal processes using a multi-method design. A sample of 218 participants completed the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC; Dziobek et al., 2006) to assess mentalizing ability. Subsequently, participants rated their agentic and communal behavior and their perception of interaction partners' agentic and communal behavior over 21-days. Mentalizing ability moderated the within-person relationship between behavior and perception for both agency and communion. Worse performance on the MASC was associated with weaker interpersonal complementarity, suggesting that mentalizing impairments lead to deviations from expected patterns of behavior and perception across interpersonal situations. These findings confirm the assumption of Contemporary Integrative Interpersonal Theory that mentalization impairments can disrupt normative interpersonal processes (Cain et al., 2024; Pincus & Hopwood, 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Esin Asan
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, Moore Building, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Aaron L. Pincus
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, Moore Building, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Emily B. Ansell
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Wang X, Han S, Jia C, Yang X, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Zhang L, Wang Z. Psychometric and Circumplex Properties Evaluation of the International Personality Item Pool-Interpersonal Circumplex (IPIP-IPC) in Chinese People Living with HIV (PLWH). Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:705-724. [PMID: 38410379 PMCID: PMC10896111 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s446547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose With the improved life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) due to widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), there is a greater emphasis on enhancing long-term well-being and overall quality of life for PLWH. Understanding interpersonal personalities of PLWH can gain further insight into how to improve the overall quality of life in this population. The International Personality Item Pool-Interpersonal Circumplex (IPIP-IPC) scale has been developed to assess interpersonal personalities of individuals, and this scale has been translated into Chinese. However, the Chinese version of IPIP-IPC has not been tested among PLWH in China. In this study, we aimed to test the psychometric properties and circumplex structure of this scale. Methods This study was based on cross-sectional, multi-center, large sample data. We employed the Chinese version of IPIP-IPC scale on 3040 PLWH from April 2022 to April 2023 in China to test its psychometric as well as circumplex properties. The structural summary method (SSM) was employed to analyze the circumplex structure of the scale. Results The total scale exhibited a Cronbach's alpha of 0.85 and McDonald's omega of 0.91. Out of the 288 possible relationships, 275 relationships satisfy the circular properties hypothesis. The scale demonstrates good reliability and validity, meeting the requirements of psychometrics. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that the Chinese version of the IPIP-IPC scale is a reliable tool for evaluating interpersonal personalities in this population. These results highlight the validity and applicability of the IPIP-IPC scale specifically in the Chinese context, providing valuable insights into the intricacies of interpersonal traits among PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Wang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyu Han
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changli Jia
- School of Medical and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianxia Yang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Hu
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongfang Yang
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Beijing Youan Hospital Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
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Crișan Ş, Stoia M, Predescu E, Miu AC, Szentágotai-Tătar A. The association between adverse childhood events and cluster C personality disorders: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023; 30:1193-1214. [PMID: 37129438 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies suggest that adverse childhood events (ACEs) may contribute to the onset and development of cluster C personality disorders. However, the association between ACEs and these disorders remains unclear in terms of consistency across studies and effect magnitude, as well as generalizability within cluster C. The current meta-analysis aimed to examine the associations between ACEs and cluster C personality disorders based on the available literature. METHODS Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and PsychInfo. Forty-eight eligible studies were included in the analyses, and pooled effect sizes were estimated both at the level of cluster C and at the level of each specific disorder. Moderation and meta-regression analyses were also conducted. RESULTS ACEs were consistently associated with overall cluster C, as well as each of the specific disorders in this cluster. Sources of heterogeneity included type of instrument used to assess ACEs (questionnaires > interviews) and type of instrument used to assess the personality disorders (clinical interviews > questionnaires, as well as their combination with interview). The associations between ACEs and all cluster C personality disorders decreased with age. CONCLUSIONS ACEs are consistently associated with all cluster C personality disorders. Future work could approach the mechanisms underlying this association, preferably using longitudinal designs and considering the potential sources of effect variability identified in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ştefania Crișan
- Evidence-Based Psychological Assessment and Interventions Doctoral School, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Stoia
- Evidence-Based Psychological Assessment and Interventions Doctoral School, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elena Predescu
- Department of Neuroscience, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei C Miu
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aurora Szentágotai-Tătar
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Asan AE, Pincus AL. Examining Schizotypal Personality Scales Within and Across Interpersonal Circumplex Surfaces. Assessment 2023; 30:2296-2317. [PMID: 36631938 PMCID: PMC10478344 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221143354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Differing perspectives on the operationalization of schizotypal personality pathology (STPP) have led to numerous multidimensional assessment measures. The current study applied the interpersonal construct validation approach to self-report data from 856 undergraduate students to formally examine the interpersonal content, similarities, and differences in the subscales of four measures of STPP within and across two interpersonal circumplex surfaces using a bootstrapping methodology for computing confidence intervals around circumplex structural summary method parameters. Results suggested that negative-like expressions of STPP are prototypically and distinctively interpersonal constructs associated with cold and socially avoidant interpersonal problems and hypersensitivity to others' warmth and affection. Positive-like expressions of STPP as assessed by two out of four measures were prototypically and distinctively interpersonal constructs associated with vindictiveness. Across four measures, there was notable overlap in interpersonal correlates among related subscales, suggesting convergent validity. However, subscales containing social anxiety content were associated with more submissive (i.e., socially avoidant) interpersonal problems than subscales without social anxiety content.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Esin Asan
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
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Zhang B, Pan B, Chen J, Wang J, Zhu Z, Lajunen TJ, Wang W. Hypnotizability and Disordered Personality Styles in Cluster A Personality Disorders. Brain Sci 2023; 13:182. [PMID: 36831725 PMCID: PMC9954364 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Interpersonal sensitivity and mistrust are the main characteristics of cluster A personality disorders (CAPD) which might be due to the high accessibility to negative suggestions from environments. Yet the exact associations between hypnotic suggestibility and their personality disorder functioning styles remain unclear. METHODS We invited 36 patients with CAPD and 115 healthy volunteers to undergo the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale: Form C (SHSS:C) and Parker Personality Measure (PERM). RESULTS Compared to controls; patients scored higher on PERM paranoid; schizoid; schizotypal; borderline; avoidant; and dependent styles; on the SHSS:C total and "challenge suggestions", and the passing rates of "hand lowering", "arm rigidity", "dream", and "arm immobilization". In patients, "dream" negatively predicted the schizoid; "hallucinated voice" negatively the schizotypal; "mosquito hallucination" positively the histrionic and dependent; and "arm immobilization" negatively the avoidant style. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that the insusceptibility to perceptual suggestions from others and the high control over body contribute to the paranoid attitude and interpersonal avoidance in CAPD. These findings help to understand the cause of interpersonal problems in these patients and suggest the trial of hypnotherapy for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingren Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Bing Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jueying Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Timo Juhani Lajunen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
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Suslow T, Lemster A, Koelkebeck K, Kersting A. Interpersonal problems and recognition of facial emotions in healthy individuals. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1139051. [PMID: 37139331 PMCID: PMC10149975 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1139051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recognition of emotions in faces is important for successful social interaction. Results from previous research based on clinical samples suggest that difficulties in identifying threat-related or negative emotions can go along with interpersonal problems. The present study examined whether associations between interpersonal difficulties and emotion decoding ability can be found in healthy individuals. Our analysis was focused on two main dimensions of interpersonal problems: agency (social dominance) and communion (social closeness). Materials and methods We constructed an emotion recognition task with facial expressions depicting six basic emotions (happiness, surprise, anger, disgust, sadness, and fear) in frontal and profile view, which was administered to 190 healthy adults (95 women) with a mean age of 23.9 years (SD = 3.8) along with the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems, measures of negative affect and verbal intelligence. The majority of participants were university students (80%). Emotion recognition accuracy was assessed using unbiased hit rates. Results Negative correlations were observed between interpersonal agency and recognition of facial anger and disgust that were independent of participants' gender and negative affect. Interpersonal communion was not related to recognition of facial emotions. Discussion Poor identification of other people's facial signals of anger and disgust might be a factor contributing to interpersonal problems with social dominance and intrusiveness. Anger expressions signal goal obstruction and proneness to engage in conflict whereas facial disgust indicates a request to increase social distance. The interpersonal problem dimension of communion appears not to be linked to the ability to recognize emotions from facial expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Suslow
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Thomas Suslow,
| | - Alexander Lemster
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Koelkebeck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Hospital Essen, Institute and Hospital of the University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anette Kersting
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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Müller S, Wendt LP, Schicktanz P, Hopwood CJ, Zimmermann J. Development and Validation of a German Interpersonal Sensitivities Circumplex (ISC-G). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The Interpersonal Sensitivities Circumplex (ISC) assesses individual differences in sensitivities to aversive interpersonal behaviors. In this research (total N = 1,519), we developed and validated a German adaptation of the ISC (ISC-G) and extended the nomological net of interpersonal sensitivity as a construct. Using the structural summary method, we investigated associations with self- and informant reports of adaptive (interpersonal) personality traits as well as self-reported personality functioning, maladaptive personality traits, childhood trauma, and hypersensitivity. Replicating and extending previous findings with the ISC, the present research sheds light on the interplay between different personality traits and the perception of others’ interpersonal behavior. Results suggested that individuals report experiencing interpersonal behavior opposite to their own self-description in terms of agency and communion as aversive. This oppositional pattern was most pronounced for antagonistic vs. agreeable traits/behaviors. We discuss these results in the context of research on personality pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Müller
- Department of Psychology, University of Kassel, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Leon P. Wendt
- Department of Psychology, University of Kassel, Germany
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Du TV, Thomas KM, Miller JD, Lynam DR. Differentiations in Interpersonal Functioning Across Narcissism Dimensions. J Pers Disord 2022; 36:455-475. [PMID: 35913765 DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2022.36.4.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Narcissism can be conceived hierarchically at three levels: as a global construct (Level 1), as two dimensions (Level 2; grandiosity and vulnerability), and as a trifurcated model with three underlying dimensions: interpersonal antagonism, narcissistic neuroticism, and agentic extraversion (Level 3). The aim of the study was to examine how narcissism dimensions across the three levels differ in their associations with various forms of interpersonal functioning. The authors assessed multiple domains of interpersonal functioning using data collected from 447 MTurk workers, 606 students, and 365 informants. Each narcissism dimension showed unique interpersonal profiles. The profile of interpersonal antagonism largely resembles grandiose and total narcissism in its interpersonal characteristics, narcissistic neuroticism largely resembles vulnerable narcissism, and agentic extraversion does not differ much from the traditional conceptualization of extraversion in its interpersonal qualities (e.g., high communion). Future studies may benefit from studying narcissism and how it relates to other psychological constructs using the trifurcated model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei V Du
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Joshua D Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Donald R Lynam
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Tethering theory to timescale: Advances in measuring interpersonal complementarity and covariation. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Du TV, Miller JD, Lynam DR. The relation between narcissism and aggression: A meta-analysis. J Pers 2021; 90:574-594. [PMID: 34689345 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Narcissism is a complex, hierarchical construct that can be studied at the one, two, or three factor levels with different components within each level having their own unique nomological networks. The manner in which narcissism-both broadly and narrowly construed-is linked to aggression is important to understand given longstanding clinical and empirical observations of a link between the two and the critical implications of aggression. METHODS The current preregistered meta-analysis (k = 118) took a novel methodological approach in exploring the association between the three levels of narcissism (i.e., global construct level, dual-dimension level, trifurcated level) and three indices of aggression (i.e., general, proactive, reactive). RESULTS Results revealed that the global construct of narcissism shows a moderate positive association with different indices of aggression. Vulnerable narcissism associated strongly and positively with reactive aggression and general aggression. At the trifurcated level, interpersonal antagonism associated positively with all indices of aggression, agentic extraversion associated negatively with all indices of aggression, and narcissistic neuroticism associates positively with general and reactive aggression. CONCLUSION The study highlighted the importance of studying narcissism, and potentially other personality profiles, at a finer-grained level to better understand crucial psychological processes associated with the construct of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei V Du
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Joshua D Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Donald R Lynam
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Du TV, Thomas KM, Lynam DR. An Interpersonal Approach to Social Preference: Examining Patterns and Influences of Liking and Being Bothered by Interpersonal Behaviors of Others. J Pers Disord 2021; 35:708-729. [PMID: 34596422 DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2021.35.5.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Personality disorders are rooted in maladaptive interpersonal behaviors. Previously, researchers have assessed interpersonal behaviors using self-ratings of one's own behaviors and third-person ratings of dyadic interactions. Few studies have examined individuals' perceptions of others' interpersonal behaviors. Using a sample of 470 undergraduate students, the authors examined patterns of interpersonal perception as well as influences of these patterns on psychological functioning. Findings showed that people tend to like interpersonal behaviors that are similar to their own and become bothered by behaviors that are the opposite of their own. Such a pattern is particularly characteristic on the warmth dimension and is consistent across different levels of closeness of the relationship. The authors also found small but significant effects of interpersonal perception on personality and general psychological functioning, above and beyond effects of individuals' own interpersonal traits. Such findings highlight the importance of including perceptions of others in investigating interpersonal dynamics when understanding personality disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei V Du
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Donald R Lynam
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Du TV, Thomas KM, Lynam DR. An Interpersonal Approach to Social Preference: Examining Patterns and Influences of Liking and Being Bothered by Interpersonal Behaviors of Others. J Pers Disord 2021; 35:708-729. [PMID: 33779283 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2020_34_496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Personality disorders are rooted in maladaptive interpersonal behaviors. Previously, researchers have assessed interpersonal behaviors using self-ratings of one's own behaviors and third-person ratings of dyadic interactions. Few studies have examined individuals' perceptions of others' interpersonal behaviors. Using a sample of 470 undergraduate students, the authors examined patterns of interpersonal perception as well as influences of these patterns on psychological functioning. Findings showed that people tend to like interpersonal behaviors that are similar to their own and become bothered by behaviors that are the opposite of their own. Such a pattern is particularly characteristic on the warmth dimension and is consistent across different levels of closeness of the relationship. The authors also found small but significant effects of interpersonal perception on personality and general psychological functioning, above and beyond effects of individuals' own interpersonal traits. Such findings highlight the importance of including perceptions of others in investigating interpersonal dynamics when understanding personality disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei V Du
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Donald R Lynam
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Lewis KC, Good EW, Tillman JG, Hopwood CJ. Assessment of Psychological Pain in Clinical and Non-Clinical Samples: A Preliminary Investigation Using the Psychic Pain Scale. Arch Suicide Res 2021; 25:552-569. [PMID: 32089105 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1729914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Psychological pain is an important contributing factor to suicide risk. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Psychic Pain Scale (PPS), a new measure assessing unbearable negative affect as described in Maltsberger's theory of suicidality. The PPS was administered to n = 131 adult psychiatric patients as well as n = 953 undergraduate students. An initial factor analysis which replicated across both clinical and undergraduate samples identified two factors, affective deluge, and loss of control. These subscales were associated with risk factors including trauma history, severity of psychopathology, and decreased resilience, as well as a range of pathological personality traits. Findings support the utility of the PPS as a measure of psychological pain and point to future directions of empirical evaluation.
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Hopwood CJ, Good EW, Levendosky AA, Zimmermann J, Dumat D, Finkel EJ, Eastwick PE, Bleidorn W. Realness is a core feature of authenticity. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Richardson K, Hart W, Kinrade C. Investigating how self-esteem moderates grandiose narcissism's interpersonal orientation. J Pers 2020; 89:738-753. [PMID: 33326605 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most previous research has treated grandiose narcissism and self-esteem as additive predictors of outcomes, but some theory and evidence suggests they may sometimes interact to predict outcomes. Unfortunately, the nature of this interaction is unclear; we suggest a framework to conceptualize the interaction and test it vis-à-vis the interpersonal circumplex framework. METHOD Participants (N = 598; Mage = 38.39; 327 females; 72.1% White) reported their levels of grandiose narcissism and self-esteem and completed interpersonal circumplex measures of efficacies, values, problems, and sensitivities. RESULTS As self-esteem decreased, grandiose narcissism related (a) more negatively to communal efficacies and values and (b) more positively to sensitivity to others' communal behaviors. Also as self-esteem decreased, unexpectedly, grandiose narcissism related (a) more positively to agentic efficacies and problems and (b) more negatively to sensitivity to others' agentic behaviors. CONCLUSION Overall, the present findings generally support using interaction models over additive models of grandiose narcissism and self-esteem in interpersonal contexts, suggesting that grandiose narcissism becomes generally less communal, more agentic, and more interpersonally problematic as self-esteem decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Richardson
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - William Hart
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Charlotte Kinrade
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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In search of convergence between the main dimensions of interpersonal and basic human values in the context of personality traits. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Grove JL, Smith TW, Girard JM, Wright AG. Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry: An Interpersonal Approach to Construct Validation. J Pers Disord 2019; 33:751-775. [PMID: 30650012 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2019_33_374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study applied the interpersonal perspective in testing the narcissistic admiration and rivalry concept (NARC) and examining the construct validity of the corresponding Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire (NARQ). Two undergraduate samples (Sample 1: N = 290; Sample 2: N = 188) completed self-report measures of interpersonal processes based in the interpersonal circumplex (IPC), as well as measures of related constructs. In examining IPC correlates, the authors used a novel bootstrapping approach to determine if admiration and rivalry related to differing interpersonal profiles. Consistent with the authors' hypotheses, admiration was distinctly related to generally agentic (i.e., dominant) interpersonal processes, whereas rivalry generally reflected (low) communal (i.e., hostile) interpersonal processes. Furthermore, NARQ-admiration and NARQ-rivalry related to generally adaptive and maladaptive aspects of status-related constructs, emotional, personality, and social adjustment, respectively. This research provides further support for the NARC, as well as construct validation for the NARQ.
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Bliton CF, Pincus AL. Construction and Validation of the Interpersonal Influence Tactics Circumplex (IIT-C) Scales. Assessment 2019; 27:688-705. [PMID: 31342776 DOI: 10.1177/1073191119864661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of interpersonal dispositions (e.g., traits, problems) commonly employs self- and informant-report measures that conform to the two-dimensional interpersonal circumplex (IPC) model. Here, we adopted the IPC and interpersonal theory as a framework for mapping the universe of content of interpersonal influence. Although there are existing measures of influence tactics used in influence research, this literature is divided among disciplines with varying construct definitions and no unifying theory. Here, we define interpersonal influence as the conscious maneuvering of one's behavior to engender desired responses from others in interpersonal situations. The current article details the construction and validation of the Interpersonal Influence Tactics Circumplex (IIT-C) Scales in two samples (Ns = 862, 608). The 64-item IIT-C assesses a comprehensive taxonomy of interpersonal influence tactics conforming to the structure of the IPC. Circumplex structure of the IIT-C was confirmed and replicated. Using the structural summary method for circumplex data, associations with other IPC measures, existing measures of influence, normal personality traits, and pathological personality traits supported the validity of IIT-C scores. The IIT-C assesses a theoretically based and empirically derived set of interpersonal influence tactics and provides a common language for integrating distinct streams of influence research by conforming to the IPC.
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Locke KD. Development and Validation of a Circumplex Measure of the Interpersonal Culture in Work Teams and Organizations. Front Psychol 2019; 10:850. [PMID: 31118910 PMCID: PMC6504781 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal circumplex (IPC) inventories assess a range of dispositions but can condense and compare their findings within a circular model defined by two factors: agency and communion. Whereas other IPC inventories assess individuals, the current research introduces IPC inventories assessing the interpersonal culture (interaction and communication norms) characterizing an entire organization or team-namely, the Circumplex Culture Scan (CCS) and Circumplex Team Scan (CTS). Across an initial development sample (n = 1676), online validation sample (CCS, n = 808; CTS, n = 832), and onsite validation sample (CCS, n = 516 respondents from 21 organizations; CTS, n = 347 respondents from 38 teams), the eight 8-item CCS/CTS octant scales demonstrated good internal consistencies, circumplex properties, reliable within-group agreement and between-group variance (thus justifying aggregation across an organization/team), and convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity in relation to other measures. According to their members, the organizations/teams with the most satisfied members and customers/clients were organizations/teams with considerably stronger communal (e.g., being open and respectful) than uncommunal (e.g., being rude and guarded) norms and somewhat stronger agentic (e.g., being eager and assertive) than unagentic (e.g., being cautious and quiet) norms. The CCS/CTS complements existing IPC and organizational culture measures and helps bridge the IPC and organizational literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D. Locke
- Department of Psychology and Communication Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
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Yalch MM, Burkman KM. Applying contemporary interpersonal theory to the study of trauma. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAUMA & DISSOCIATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Locke KD, Sayegh L, Weber C, Turecki G. Interpersonal Self-Efficacy, Goals, and Problems of Persistently Depressed Outpatients: Prototypical Circumplex Profiles and Distinctive Subgroups. Assessment 2018; 25:988-1000. [PMID: 30392413 DOI: 10.1177/1073191116672330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Severely and persistently depressed outpatients ( n = 138) completed interpersonal circumplex measures of self-efficacy, problems, and values/goals. Compared with normative samples, patients showed deficits in agency: They reported less self-efficacy, especially for being assertive, tough, and influential; stronger goals, especially to avoid conflict or humiliation; and more problems, especially with being too timid, inhibited, and accommodating. Circular and structural summary indices suggested greater variability among patients in goal profiles than in efficacy or problem profiles; nonetheless, latent profile analyses identified coherent subgroups of patients with distinct patterns of efficacy (e.g., lacking confidence for speaking up vs. setting boundaries) and problems (e.g., being overly inhibited vs. self-sacrificing) as well as goals (e.g., to be included vs. unobtrusive). Women and those with more severe symptoms were overrepresented in the least agentic groups. The results show how observing patients through multiple circumplex surfaces simultaneously can help clarify their interpersonal dispositions and inform interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liliane Sayegh
- 2 Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,3 McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Gustavo Turecki
- 2 Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,3 McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Hopwood CJ, Good EW. Structure and correlates of interpersonal problems and sensitivities. J Pers 2018; 87:843-855. [PMID: 30320881 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interpersonal dysfunction is an important marker of individual differences in personality and well-being. Existing research on interpersonal dysfunction focuses primarily on the problematic behaviors of individuals without considering how sensitivity to others' behavior impacts functioning. In this study, we test the structure and correlates of a model of relationship dysfunction that integrates the problems individuals bring to relationships with their sensitivities to others' behavior. We specifically examine the conjoint structure of interpersonal problems and sensitivities using a circumplex framework and associations between dimensions derived from this structure and personality, well-being, attachment, and response style variables. METHOD We evaluated competing measurement models and examined validity correlations of interpersonal problems and sensitivities in two samples (Study 1: N = 955; 79.2% women; Mage = 19.43; Study 2: N = 1,005; 72.1% women; Mage = 19.77). RESULTS Six factors capturing general (nonspecific problems and sensitivities) and stylistic (warmth and dominance for both problems and sensitivities) variation in interpersonal dysfunction were empirically distinguishable and provided incremental information about external criteria. CONCLUSIONS Results support problems and sensitivities as overlapping but distinct sources of information about interpersonal dysfunction, and they specifically suggest an integrative six-factor model with considerable potential for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evan W Good
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Hopwood CJ, Harrison AL, Amole M, Girard JM, Wright AGC, Thomas KM, Sadler P, Ansell EB, Chaplin TM, Morey LC, Crowley MJ, Emily Durbin C, Kashy DA. Properties of the Continuous Assessment of Interpersonal Dynamics Across Sex, Level of Familiarity, and Interpersonal Conflict. Assessment 2018; 27:40-56. [PMID: 30221975 DOI: 10.1177/1073191118798916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Continuous Assessment of Interpersonal Dynamics (CAID) is a method in which trained observers continuously code the dominance and warmth of individuals who interact with one another in dyads. This method has significant promise for assessing dynamic interpersonal processes. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of individual sex, dyadic familiarity, and situational conflict on patterns of interpersonal warmth, dominance, and complementarity as assessed via CAID. We used six samples with 603 dyads, including two samples of unacquainted mixed-sex undergraduates interacting in a collaborative task, two samples of couples interacting in both collaborative and conflict tasks, and two samples of mothers and children interacting in both collaborative and conflict tasks. Complementarity effects were robust across all samples, and individuals tended to be relatively warm and dominant. Results from multilevel models indicated that women were slightly warmer than men, whereas there were no sex differences in dominance. Unfamiliar dyads and dyads interacting in more collaborative tasks were relatively warmer, more submissive, and more complementary on warmth but less complementary on dominance. These findings speak to the utility of the CAID method for assessing interpersonal dynamics and provide norms for researchers who use the method for different types of samples and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pamela Sadler
- Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Medeiros GC, Grant JE. Gambling disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: A frequent but understudied comorbidity. J Behav Addict 2018; 7:366-374. [PMID: 29936850 PMCID: PMC6174606 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Epidemiological data have suggested that the prevalence of co-occurring personality disorders is particularly high in people with gambling disorder (GD). Among the personality disorders, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) appears to be the most common problem. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical presentation of GD with and without co-occurring OCPD. Methods We studied 25 subjects with current GD and lifetime diagnosis of OCPD. They were matched for age and gender with 25 individuals with current GD but no lifetime diagnosis of any personality disorder. Results Subjects with GD and OCPD demonstrated (a) lower severity of gambling symptoms, (b) slower progression from recreational gambling to full-blown GD, (c) preferred individual forms of betting, (d) identified more triggers to gambling (specially the availability of money and stress); and (e) reported less negative impact on relational problems due to GD. Conclusions Our research provides further insight on GD co-occurring with OCPD, such as increasing social support and improvement of coping skills, especially to deal with financial difficulties and stress. Our findings may lead to more customized and effective therapeutic approaches to this frequent comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo C. Medeiros
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Corresponding author: Gustavo C. Medeiros; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas 75390-9070, TX, USA; Phone: +1 214 648 7312; Fax: +1 214 648 7370; E-mail:
| | - Jon E. Grant
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Dowgwillo EA, Roche MJ, Pincus AL. Examining the Interpersonal Nature of Criterion A of theDSM–5Section III Alternative Model for Personality Disorders Using Bootstrapped Confidence Intervals for the Interpersonal Circumplex. J Pers Assess 2018; 100:581-592. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2018.1464016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J. Roche
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University at Altoona
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Hopwood CJ, Good EW, Morey LC. Validity of the DSM-5 Levels of Personality Functioning Scale-Self Report. J Pers Assess 2018; 100:650-659. [PMID: 29424568 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2017.1420660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study we examined the structure, reliability, and validity of the Levels of Personality Functioning Scale-Self Report (LPFS-SR) in 3 large community samples. The LPFS-SR is a questionnaire with content that corresponds directly to the DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders, Criterion A. We found that the LPFS-SR was highly reliable across a brief retest interval. LPFS-SR scores correlated substantially with a wide range of maladaptive personality traits, personality disorder constructs, and interpersonal problems. The LPFS-SR did not correlate as strongly with aspects of personality with less clear relations to distress and dysfunction. Data further support that identity, self-direction, intimacy, and empathy components of the LPFS-SR can be characterized by a single factor and have similar correlations with criterion variables, consistent with the hypothesis that DSM-5 Criterion A is a relatively homogeneous construct. Overall, these results support the validity of the LPFS-SR, highlight important issues in assessing personality pathology, and point toward novel avenues for research on personality disorder classification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evan W Good
- b Department of Psychology , Michigan State University
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Allostatic load and comorbidities: A mitochondrial, epigenetic, and evolutionary perspective. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 28:1117-1146. [PMID: 27739386 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Stress-related pathophysiology drives comorbid trajectories that elude precise prediction. Allostatic load algorithms that quantify biological "wear and tear" represent a comprehensive approach to detect multisystemic disease processes of the mind and body. However, the multiple morbidities directly or indirectly related to stress physiology remain enigmatic. Our aim in this article is to propose that biological comorbidities represent discrete pathophysiological processes captured by measuring allostatic load. This has applications in research and clinical settings to predict physical and psychiatric comorbidities alike. The reader will be introduced to the concepts of allostasis, allostasic states, allostatic load, and allostatic overload as they relate to stress-related diseases and the proposed prediction of biological comorbidities that extend rather to understanding psychopathologies. In our transdisciplinary discussion, we will integrate perspectives related to (a) mitochondrial biology as a key player in the allostatic load time course toward diseases that "get under the skin and skull"; (b) epigenetics related to child maltreatment and biological embedding that shapes stress perception throughout lifespan development; and
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Aan Het Rot M, Enea V, Dafinoiu I, Iancu S, Taftă SA, Bărbuşelu M. Behavioural responses to facial and postural expressions of emotion: An interpersonal circumplex approach. Br J Psychol 2017; 108:797-811. [PMID: 28326547 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While the recognition of emotional expressions has been extensively studied, the behavioural response to these expressions has not. In the interpersonal circumplex, behaviour is defined in terms of communion and agency. In this study, we examined behavioural responses to both facial and postural expressions of emotion. We presented 101 Romanian students with facial and postural stimuli involving individuals ('targets') expressing happiness, sadness, anger, or fear. Using an interpersonal grid, participants simultaneously indicated how communal (i.e., quarrelsome or agreeable) and agentic (i.e., dominant or submissive) they would be towards people displaying these expressions. Participants were agreeable-dominant towards targets showing happy facial expressions and primarily quarrelsome towards targets with angry or fearful facial expressions. Responses to targets showing sad facial expressions were neutral on both dimensions of interpersonal behaviour. Postural versus facial expressions of happiness and anger elicited similar behavioural responses. Participants responded in a quarrelsome-submissive way to fearful postural expressions and in an agreeable way to sad postural expressions. Behavioural responses to the various facial expressions were largely comparable to those previously observed in Dutch students. Observed differences may be explained from participants' cultural background. Responses to the postural expressions largely matched responses to the facial expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije Aan Het Rot
- Department of Psychology and School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Violeta Enea
- Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Ion Dafinoiu
- Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Sorina Iancu
- Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Steluţa A Taftă
- Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Mariana Bărbuşelu
- Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania
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Friedman M, Bartier AL, Lown J, Hopwood CJ. The Development of a Bi-Lingual Assessment Instrument to Measure Agentic and Communal Consumer Motives in English and French. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1198. [PMID: 27563295 PMCID: PMC4980988 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumer behavior is driven, in part, by the degree to which goods and services appeal to underlying motives for agency and communion. The purpose of this research was to develop a brief individual differences measure of these motivations for use in behavioral research and theoretical and applied consumer psychology and marketing studies. We employed a bi-lingual scale development procedure to create the 10-item Agentic and Communal Consumer Motivation Inventory (ACCMI) in English and French. Two studies show that the ACCMI is language invariant, demonstrates convergent and discriminant validity with consumer, motivational, and interpersonal constructs, and predicts evaluations of products described in agentic and communal terms, respectively, in both languages. The general conclusion of this research is that agency and communion provide a useful framework for understanding and studying consumer buying motivations. Discussion focuses on the relevance of motivational factors for studying human behavior and the applied utility of the ACCMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Friedman
- Department of Marketing, Louvain School of Management, Catholic University of Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Anne-Laure Bartier
- Department of Marketing, EPHEC Business School Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Josh Lown
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
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Dowgwillo EA, Pincus AL. Differentiating Dark Triad Traits Within and Across Interpersonal Circumplex Surfaces. Assessment 2016; 24:24-44. [DOI: 10.1177/1073191116643161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent discussions surrounding the Dark Triad (narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) have centered on areas of distinctiveness and overlap. Given that interpersonal dysfunction is a core feature of Dark Triad traits, the current study uses self-report data from 562 undergraduate students to examine the interpersonal characteristics associated with narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism on four interpersonal circumplex (IPC) surfaces. The distinctiveness of these characteristics was examined using a novel bootstrapping methodology for computing confidence intervals around circumplex structural summary method parameters. Results suggest that Dark Triad traits exhibit distinct structural summary method parameters with narcissism characterized by high dominance, psychopathy characterized by a blend of high dominance and low affiliation, and Machiavellianism characterized by low affiliation on the problems, values, and efficacies IPC surfaces. Additionally, there was some heterogeneity in findings for different measures of psychopathy. Gender differences in structural summary parameters were examined, finding similar parameter values despite mean-level differences in Dark Triad traits. Finally, interpersonal information was integrated across different IPC surfaces to create profiles associated with each Dark Triad trait and to provide a more in-depth portrait of associated interpersonal dynamics.
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Locke KD, Sayegh L, Penberthy JK, Weber C, Haentjens K, Turecki G. Interpersonal Circumplex Profiles Of Persistent Depression: Goals, Self-Efficacy, Problems, And Effects Of Group Therapy. J Clin Psychol 2016; 73:595-611. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liliane Sayegh
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute and McGill University
| | | | | | | | - Gustavo Turecki
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute and McGill University
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Cain NM, De Panfilis C, Meehan KB, Clarkin JF. A Multisurface Interpersonal Circumplex Assessment of Rejection Sensitivity. J Pers Assess 2016; 99:35-45. [PMID: 27292201 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2016.1186032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Individuals high in rejection sensitivity (RS) are at risk for experiencing high levels of interpersonal distress, yet little is known about the interpersonal profiles associated with RS. This investigation examined the interpersonal problems, sensitivities, and values associated with RS in 2 samples: 763 multicultural undergraduate students (Study 1) and 365 community adults (Study 2). In Study 1, high anxious RS was associated with socially avoidant interpersonal problems, whereas low anxious RS was associated with vindictive interpersonal problems. In Study 2, we assessed both anxious and angry expectations of rejection. Circumplex profile analyses showed that the high anxious RS group reported socially avoidant interpersonal problems, sensitivities to remoteness in others, and valuing connections with others, whereas the high angry RS group reported vindictive interpersonal problems, sensitivities to submissiveness in others, and valuing detached interpersonal behavior. Low anxious RS was related to domineering interpersonal problems, sensitivity to attention-seeking behavior, and valuing detached interpersonal behavior, whereas low angry RS was related to submissive interpersonal problems, sensitivity to attention-seeking behavior, and valuing receiving approval from others. Overall, results suggest that there are distinct interpersonal profiles associated with varying levels and types of RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Cain
- a Department of Psychology , Long Island University-Brooklyn
| | - Chiara De Panfilis
- b Department of Neuroscience , Unit of Psychiatry, University of Parma , Italy
| | - Kevin B Meehan
- a Department of Psychology , Long Island University-Brooklyn.,c Department of Psychiatry , Weill Medical College of Cornell University
| | - John F Clarkin
- c Department of Psychiatry , Weill Medical College of Cornell University
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Hopwood CJ, Thomas KM, Luo X, Bernard N, Lin Y, Levendosky AA. Implementing Dynamic Assessments in Psychotherapy. Assessment 2016; 23:507-517. [DOI: 10.1177/1073191116649658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we organize multimethod, multitimescale data around the interpersonal situation, a conceptual framework that can be used to integrate personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy constructs in order to guide the assessment of clinical dynamics. We first describe the key variables of the interpersonal situation model and articulate methods for assessing those variables as they manifest (a) across different levels of personality, (b) across situations, and (c) within situations. We next use a case to demonstrate how to assess aspects of the interpersonal situation in a manner that enhances case conceptualization and facilitates the evaluation of clinical hypotheses. We also use this case to highlight challenges and decisions involved in implementing dynamic assessment in psychotherapy. We conclude by outlining areas in need of further exploration toward a more sophisticated approach to clinical practice that involves the routine assessment of dynamic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaochen Luo
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Yanli Lin
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Dawood S, Pincus AL. Multisurface Interpersonal Assessment in a Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Context. J Pers Assess 2016; 98:449-60. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2016.1159215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Roche MJ, Jacobson NC, Roche CA. Teaching Strategies for Personality Assessment at the Undergraduate Level. J Pers Assess 2016; 99:117-125. [PMID: 26959971 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2016.1147450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Personality assessment is a crucial component of clinical practice, and the training and proficiency criteria to develop competence are complex and multifaceted. Like many advanced topics, the field of personality assessment would benefit from early exposure in undergraduate classroom settings. This research evaluates how an undergraduate personality course can be enhanced through 2 enrichment activities (self-assessments and a personality project). Students completed several self-assessments of their personality and wrote a comprehensive and integrative personality assessment about themselves. Results demonstrated that these activities increased interest in personality assessment, deepened understanding of course material, and promoted student growth and self-exploration. We discuss the benefits of these enrichment activities for the student, instructor, and field of personality science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carley A Roche
- c Huntingdon Area School District , Huntington , Pennsylvania
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Sex differences in interpersonal sensitivities across acquaintances, friends, and romantic relationships. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zimmermann J, Wright AGC. Beyond Description in Interpersonal Construct Validation: Methodological Advances in the Circumplex Structural Summary Approach. Assessment 2015; 24:3-23. [PMID: 26685192 DOI: 10.1177/1073191115621795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The interpersonal circumplex is a well-established structural model that organizes interpersonal functioning within the two-dimensional space marked by dominance and affiliation. The structural summary method (SSM) was developed to evaluate the interpersonal nature of other constructs and measures outside the interpersonal circumplex. To date, this method has been primarily descriptive, providing no way to draw inferences when comparing SSM parameters across constructs or groups. We describe a newly developed resampling-based method for deriving confidence intervals, which allows for SSM parameter comparisons. In a series of five studies, we evaluated the accuracy of the approach across a wide range of possible sample sizes and parameter values, and demonstrated its utility for posing theoretical questions on the interpersonal nature of relevant constructs (e.g., personality disorders) using real-world data. As a result, the SSM is strengthened for its intended purpose of construct evaluation and theory building.
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Swami V, Cass L, Waseem M, Furham A. What is the relationship between facets of narcissism and women's body image? PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ling Y, Zhang M, Locke KD, Li G, Li Z. Examining the Process of Responding to Circumplex Scales of Interpersonal Values Items: Should Ideal Point Scoring Methods Be Considered? J Pers Assess 2015; 98:310-8. [PMID: 26421444 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2015.1077852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Circumplex Scales of Interpersonal Values (CSIV) is a 64-item self-report measure of goals from each octant of the interpersonal circumplex. We used item response theory methods to compare whether dominance models or ideal point models best described how people respond to CSIV items. Specifically, we fit a polytomous dominance model called the generalized partial credit model and an ideal point model of similar complexity called the generalized graded unfolding model to the responses of 1,893 college students. The results of both graphical comparisons of item characteristic curves and statistical comparisons of model fit suggested that an ideal point model best describes the process of responding to CSIV items. The different models produced different rank orderings of high-scoring respondents, but overall the models did not differ in their prediction of criterion variables (agentic and communal interpersonal traits and implicit motives).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ling
- a Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Minqiang Zhang
- a Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University , Guangzhou , China
| | | | - Guangming Li
- a Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zonglong Li
- a Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University , Guangzhou , China
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Ambwani S, Roche MJ, Minnick AM, Pincus AL. Negative affect, interpersonal perception, and binge eating behavior: An experience sampling study. Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:715-26. [PMID: 25946681 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Etiological and maintenance models for disordered eating highlight the salience of negative affect and interpersonal dysfunction. This study employed a 14-day experience sampling procedure to assess the impact of negative affect and interpersonal perceptions on binge eating behavior. METHOD Young adult women (N = 40) with recurrent binge eating and significant clinical impairment recorded their mood, interpersonal behavior, and eating behaviors at six stratified semirandom intervals daily through the use of personal digital assistants. RESULTS Although momentary negative affect was associated with binge eating behavior, average levels of negative affect over the experience sampling period were not, and interpersonal problems moderated the relationship between negative affect and binge eating. Interpersonal problems also intensified the association between momentary interpersonal perceptions and binge eating behavior. Lagged analyses indicated that previous levels of negative affect and interpersonal style also influence binge eating. DISCUSSION The study findings suggest there may be important differences in how dispositional versus momentary experiences of negative affect are associated with binge eating. Results also highlight the importance of interpersonal problems for understanding relationships among negative affect, interpersonal perception, and binge eating behavior. These results offer several possibilities for attending to affective and interpersonal functioning in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Ambwani
- Psychology Department, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA
| | | | - Alyssa M Minnick
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Aaron L Pincus
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
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Williams TF, Simms LJ. Personality disorder models and their coverage of interpersonal problems. Personal Disord 2015; 7:15-27. [PMID: 26168406 DOI: 10.1037/per0000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Interpersonal dysfunction is a defining feature of personality disorders (PDs) and can serve as a criterion for comparing PD models. In this study, the interpersonal coverage of 4 competing PD models was examined using a sample of 628 current or recent psychiatric patients who completed the NEO Personality Inventory-3 First Half (NEO-PI-3FH; McCrae & Costa, 2007), Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5; Krueger et al., 2012), Computerized Adaptive Test of Personality Disorder-Static Form (CAT-PD-SF; Simms et al., 2011), and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Questionnaire (SCID-II PQ; First, Spitzer, Gibbon, & Williams, 1995). Participants also completed the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Short Circumplex (IIP-SC; Soldz, Budman, Demby, & Merry, 1995) to assess interpersonal dysfunction. Analyses compared the severity and style of interpersonal problems that characterize PD models. Previous research with DSM-5 Section II and III models was generally replicated. Extraversion and Agreeableness facets related to the most well defined interpersonal problems across normal-range and pathological traits. Pathological trait models provided more coverage of dominance problems, whereas normal-range traits covered nonassertiveness better. These results suggest that more work may be needed to reconcile descriptions of personality pathology at the level of specific constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor F Williams
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
| | - Leonard J Simms
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
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Wang S, Roche MJ, Pincus AL, Conroy DE, Rebar AL, Ram N. Interpersonal dependency and emotion in every day life. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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45
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Noser AE, Zeigler-Hill V, Besser A. Stress and affective experiences: The importance of dark personality features. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Williams TF, Thomas KM, Donnellan MB, Hopwood CJ. The aversive interpersonal behaviors associated with pathological personality traits. J Pers Disord 2014; 28:824-40. [PMID: 24845225 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2014_28_139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Although interpersonal dysfunction is a defining feature of personality disorders (PDs), relatively little is known about how features of PD are perceived by others. In the current study, students (n = 225) reported on the traits and aversive interpersonal behaviors of individuals with pathological personality features. Aversive behaviors were measured using the Interpersonal Sensitivity Circumplex, and pathological personality features were assessed using the DSM-5 Section 3 traits. The structural summary method for circumplex data was used to evaluate how pathological traits related to both general and specific aversive behaviors. Most traits associated with PDs were related to general aversive behaviors. Specific associations suggested that young adults are most irritated when individuals with personality pathology try to form or sustain attachments, as opposed to control, withdraw, or submit to them. These results are consistent with the assumption that personality pathology is broadly characterized by aversive behaviors and imply that individuals are most bothered by maladaptive attempts by others to become or stay connected.
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47
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Wu LZ, Roche MJ, Dowgwillo EA, Wang S, Pincus AL. A Chinese Translation of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems–Short Circumplex. J Pers Assess 2014; 97:153-62. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2014.971461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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48
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Cain NM, Ansell EB, Simpson HB, Pinto A. Interpersonal functioning in obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. J Pers Assess 2014; 97:90-9. [PMID: 25046040 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2014.934376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The core symptoms of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) often lead to interpersonal difficulties. However, little research has explored interpersonal functioning in OCPD. This study examined interpersonal problems, interpersonal sensitivities, empathy, and systemizing, the drive to analyze and derive underlying rules for systems, in a sample of 25 OCPD individuals, 25 individuals with comorbid OCPD and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and 25 healthy controls. We found that OCPD individuals reported hostile-dominant interpersonal problems and sensitivities with warm-dominant behavior by others, whereas OCPD+OCD individuals reported submissive interpersonal problems and sensitivities with warm-submissive behavior by others. Individuals with OCPD, with and without OCD, reported less empathic perspective taking relative to healthy controls. Finally, we found that OCPD males reported a higher drive to analyze and derive rules for systems than OCPD females. Overall, results suggest that there are interpersonal deficits associated with OCPD and the clinical implications of these deficits are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Cain
- a Department of Psychology , Long Island University-Brooklyn
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Abstract
Six studies ( N = 1,682) used the Circumplex Scales of Intergroup Goals (CSIG)—an inventory based on the interpersonal circle—to assess individuals’ agentic and communal goals for interactions between groups (nations in Studies 1-4, organizations in Study 5, political parties in Study 6). Noteworthy findings included the following: People with stronger unagentic-and-uncommunal goals perceived other groups as dangers, were wary of intergroup negotiations, and sanctioned authoritarianism and inequality. People with stronger agentic-and-uncommunal goals proudly identified with their country and compatriots, disapproved of nations unlike their own, and preferred the conservative candidate in a national election. People with stronger communal-and-unagentic goals identified with people beyond their ingroup, and wanted their group to resolve intergroup conflicts by behaving cooperatively rather than competitively or aggressively. By providing an encompassing framework capable of organizing and integrating these types of diverse findings, the circumplex model can facilitate cumulative scientific progress.
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Ayearst LE, Sellbom M, Trobst KK, Bagby RM. Evaluating the Interpersonal Content of the MMPI–2–RF Interpersonal Scales. J Pers Assess 2013; 95:187-96. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2012.730085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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